https://en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=Tulumino Wikipedia - User contributions [en] 2024-10-20T20:57:24Z User contributions MediaWiki 1.43.0-wmf.27 https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk:2018%E2%80%9319_UEFA_Europa_League&diff=839654524 Talk:2018–19 UEFA Europa League 2018-05-04T20:17:36Z <p>Tulumino: /* UEFA License */ new section</p> <hr /> <div>{{Talk header}}<br /> {{WikiProject Football|class=Start|importance=Low|season=yes}}<br /> <br /> == UEFA License ==<br /> <br /> Is it correct that CSKA Sofia is entitled to start in the Europa League? http://www.novinite.com/articles/180554/UEFA+Expels+CSKA-Sofia+FC+From+European+Tournaments)<br /> <br /> For Irtysh Pavlodar there was also an announcement by the UEFA http://www.uefa.com/insideuefa/disciplinary/news/newsid=2551752.html. Has this been reverted?<br /> --[[User:Tulumino|Tulumino]] ([[User talk:Tulumino|talk]]) 20:17, 4 May 2018 (UTC)</div> Tulumino https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Formula_One_Grand_Prix_winners&diff=804416105 List of Formula One Grand Prix winners 2017-10-08T21:31:43Z <p>Tulumino: /* By nationality */ recalculated</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2017}}<br /> {{Formula One|lists}}<br /> [[Formula One]], abbreviated to F1, is the highest class of [[Open wheel car|open-wheeled]] [[auto racing]] defined by the [[Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile]] (FIA), motorsport's world governing body.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.fia.com/en-GB/the-fia/about-fia/Pages/AboutFIA.aspx |title=About FIA |publisher=Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA) |accessdate=31 October 2008 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110628200958/http://www.fia.com/en-GB/the-fia/about-fia/Pages/AboutFIA.aspx |archivedate=28 June 2011 |df= }}&lt;/ref&gt; The &quot;formula&quot; in the name refers to a set of rules to which all participants and cars must conform. The F1 world championship season consists of a series of races, known as [[List of Formula One Grands Prix|Grands Prix]], held usually on purpose-built [[List of Formula One circuits|circuits]], and in a few cases on closed city streets. The most famous Grand Prix is the [[Monaco Grand Prix]] in [[Monte Carlo]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.fia.com/mediacentre/Press_Releases/FIA_Sport/2004/141004-01.html |title=His Serene Highness Prince Rainier of Monte Carlo awarded the first FIA Gold Medal for Motor Sport |publisher=Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA) |date=14 October 2004 |accessdate=30 October 2008 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071115023910/http://www.fia.com/mediacentre/Press_Releases/FIA_Sport/2004/141004-01.html |archivedate=15 November 2007 |df= }}&lt;/ref&gt; Each winner is presented with a trophy and the results of each race are combined to determine two annual Championships, one for [[List of Formula One World Drivers' Champions|drivers]] and one for [[List of Formula One World Constructors' Champions|constructors]].<br /> <br /> [[Michael Schumacher]] holds the record for the most Grand Prix victories, having won 91&amp;nbsp;times.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/motorsport/formula_one/6075782.stm|title=Superb Schumacher signs off in style |publisher=BBC Sport |date=22 October 2006 |accessdate= 31 October 2008 }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Lewis Hamilton]] is second with 61 wins and [[Alain Prost]] is third with 51&amp;nbsp;wins. Michael Schumacher holds the distinction of having the longest time between his first win and his last. He won his first Grand Prix in {{F1|1992}} at the [[1992 Belgian Grand Prix|Belgian Grand Prix]], and his last in {{F1|2006}} at the [[2006 Chinese Grand Prix|Chinese Grand Prix]], a span of 14&amp;nbsp;years, 1&amp;nbsp;month and 1&amp;nbsp;day.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://en.espnf1.com/f1/motorsport/story/80797.html |title=The long wait |publisher=ESPN |date=25 May 2012 |accessdate=8 July 2012 |first=Steven |last=Lynch }}&lt;/ref&gt; Sebastian Vettel holds the record for the most consecutive wins, having won nine Grands Prix in a row from the [[2013 Belgian Grand Prix]] to the [[2013 Brazilian Grand Prix]]. [[Max Verstappen]] is the youngest winner of a Grand Prix; he was 18 years and 227 days old when he won the [[2016 Spanish Grand Prix]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/live/2016/may/15/f1-spanish-gp-live-lewis-hamilton-nico-rosberg|title=F1: Max Verstappen wins Spanish GP after Lewis Hamilton and Nico Rosberg crash – live!|last=Ostlere|first=Lawrence|date=15 May 2016|website=the Guardian|access-date=15 May 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Luigi Fagioli]] is the oldest winner of a Formula One Grand Prix; he was 53&amp;nbsp;years and 22&amp;nbsp;days old when he won the [[1951 French Grand Prix]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://en.espnf1.com/f1/motorsport/story/68880.html|title=Over forty but still fast|publisher=ESPN|date=3 February 2012|accessdate=18 June 2012|first=Steven|last=Lynch}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> As of the [[2017 Japanese Grand Prix]], out of the 758 drivers who started a Grand Prix,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.statsf1.com/en/statistiques/pilote/gp/chronologie.aspx|title=Grands Prix chronology|publisher=Stats F1|accessdate=16 October 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; there have been 107 different Formula One Grand Prix winners.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.statsf1.com/en/statistiques/pilote/victoire/chronologie.aspx |title=Wins chronology |publisher=Stats F1 |accessdate=6 March 2012 }}&lt;/ref&gt; The first Grand Prix winner was [[Giuseppe Farina]] at the [[1950 British Grand Prix]], and the most recent driver to score their first Grand Prix win was [[Valtteri Bottas]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/features/2017/4/sochi-stats-bottas-f1-107th-different-winner.html|title=Sochi stats - Bottas becomes F1's 107th different winner|date=30 April 2017|work=formula1.com|accessdate=2 May 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [[File:Schumacher china 2012.jpg|thumb|200px|right|[[Michael Schumacher]] won a record 91 Grands Prix during his career.]]<br /> <br /> ==By driver==<br /> ''All figures correct as of the [[2017 Japanese Grand Prix]]''<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |+Key<br /> |-<br /> |width=47px align=center style=&quot;background-color:#FBCEB1&quot;|{{dagger}}<br /> |Driver has competed in the {{F1|2017}} season<br /> |-<br /> |'''Bold'''<br /> |Formula One World Champion<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> {|class=&quot;sortable plainrowheaders wikitable&quot;<br /> |+Formula One Grand Prix Winners<br /> |-<br /> !scope=col|Rank<br /> !scope=col|Country<br /> !scope=col|Driver<br /> !scope=col|Wins<br /> !scope=col|Seasons active<br /> !scope=col|First win<br /> !scope=col|Last win<br /> |-<br /> |align=center|1<br /> |{{GER}}<br /> !scope=row |{{nowrap|'''{{sortname|Michael|Schumacher}}'''}}<br /> |align=center|[[List of Formula One Grand Prix wins by Michael Schumacher|91]]<br /> |align=center|{{F1|1991}}–{{F1|2006}}&lt;br&gt;{{F1|2010}}–{{F1|2012}}<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1992-12&quot;| [[1992 Belgian Grand Prix]]<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;2006-16&quot;| [[2006 Chinese Grand Prix]]<br /> |-<br /> |align=center|2<br /> |{{UK}}<br /> !scope=row style=background:#FBCEB1|'''{{sortname|Lewis|Hamilton}}'''&lt;sup&gt;{{dagger}}&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> |align=center|[[List of Formula One Grand Prix wins by Lewis Hamilton|61]]<br /> |align=center|{{F1|2007}}–<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;2007-06&quot;| [[2007 Canadian Grand Prix]]<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;2017-16&quot;| [[2017 Japanese Grand Prix]]<br /> |-<br /> |align=center|3<br /> |{{FRA}}<br /> !scope=row|'''{{sortname|Alain|Prost}}'''<br /> |align=center|51<br /> |align=center|{{F1|1980}}–{{F1|1991}}&lt;br&gt;{{F1|1993}}<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1981-08&quot;| [[1981 French Grand Prix]]<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1993-10&quot;| [[1993 German Grand Prix]]<br /> |-<br /> |align=center|4<br /> |{{GER}}<br /> !scope=row style=background:#FBCEB1|'''{{sortname|Sebastian|Vettel}}'''&lt;sup&gt;{{dagger}}&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> |align=center|[[List of Formula One Grand Prix wins by Sebastian Vettel|46]]<br /> |align=center|{{F1|2007}}–<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;2008-14&quot;| [[2008 Italian Grand Prix]]<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;2017-11&quot;| [[2017 Hungarian Grand Prix]]<br /> |-<br /> |align=center|5<br /> |{{BRA}}<br /> !scope=row|'''{{sortname|Ayrton|Senna}}'''<br /> |align=center|[[List of Formula One Grand Prix wins by Ayrton Senna|41]]<br /> |align=center|{{F1|1984}}–{{F1|1994}}<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1985-02&quot;| [[1985 Portuguese Grand Prix]]<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1993-16&quot;| [[1993 Australian Grand Prix]]<br /> |-<br /> |align=center|6<br /> |{{ESP}}<br /> !scope=row style=background:#FBCEB1|'''{{sortname|Fernando|Alonso}}'''&lt;sup&gt;{{dagger}}&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> |align=center|32<br /> |align=center|{{F1|2001}}&lt;br&gt;{{F1|2003}}–<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;2003-13&quot;| [[2003 Hungarian Grand Prix]]<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;2013-05&quot;| [[2013 Spanish Grand Prix]]<br /> |-<br /> |align=center|7<br /> |{{nowrap|{{UK}}}}<br /> !scope=row|'''{{sortname|Nigel|Mansell}}'''<br /> |align=center|31<br /> |align=center|{{F1|1980}}–{{F1|1992}}&lt;br&gt;{{F1|1994}}–{{F1|1995}}<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1985-14&quot;| [[1985 European Grand Prix]]<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1994-16&quot;| [[1994 Australian Grand Prix]]<br /> |-<br /> |align=center|8<br /> |{{UK}}<br /> !scope=row|'''{{sortname|Jackie|Stewart}}'''<br /> |align=center|27<br /> |align=center|{{F1|1965}}–{{F1|1973}}<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1965-08&quot;| [[1965 Italian Grand Prix]]<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1973-11&quot;| [[1973 German Grand Prix]]<br /> |-<br /> |align=center|9<br /> |{{UK}}<br /> !scope=row|'''{{sortname|Jim|Clark}}'''<br /> |align=center|25<br /> |align=center|{{F1|1960}}–{{F1|1968}}<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1962-03&quot;| [[1962 Belgian Grand Prix]]<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1968-01&quot;| [[1968 South African Grand Prix]]<br /> |-<br /> |align=center|9<br /> |{{AUT}}<br /> !scope=row|'''{{sortname|Niki|Lauda}}'''<br /> |align=center|25<br /> |align=center|{{F1|1971}}–{{F1|1979}}&lt;br&gt;{{F1|1982}}–{{F1|1985}}<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1974-04&quot;| [[1974 Spanish Grand Prix]]<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1985-11&quot;| [[1985 Dutch Grand Prix]]<br /> |-<br /> |align=center|11<br /> |{{ARG}}<br /> !scope=row|'''{{sortname|Juan Manuel|Fangio}}'''<br /> |align=center|24<br /> |align=center|{{F1|1950}}–{{F1|1951}}&lt;br&gt;{{F1|1953}}–{{F1|1958}}<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1950-02&quot;| [[1950 Monaco Grand Prix]]<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1957-06&quot;| [[1957 German Grand Prix]]<br /> |-<br /> |align=center|12<br /> |{{BRA}}<br /> !scope=row|'''{{sortname|Nelson|Piquet}}'''<br /> |align=center|23<br /> |align=center|{{F1|1978}}–{{F1|1991}}<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1980-04&quot;| [[1980 United States Grand Prix West]]<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1991-05&quot;| [[1991 Canadian Grand Prix]]<br /> |-<br /> |align=center|12<br /> |{{GER}}<br /> !scope=row|'''{{sortname|Nico|Rosberg}}'''<br /> |align=center|23<br /> |align=center|{{F1|2006}}–{{F1|2016}}<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;2012-03&quot;| [[2012 Chinese Grand Prix]]<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;2016-17&quot;| [[2016 Japanese Grand Prix]]<br /> |-<br /> |align=center|14<br /> |{{UK}}<br /> !scope=row|'''{{sortname|Damon|Hill}}'''<br /> |align=center|22<br /> |align=center|{{F1|1992}}–{{F1|1999}}<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1993-11&quot;| [[1993 Hungarian Grand Prix]]<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1998-13&quot;| [[1998 Belgian Grand Prix]]<br /> |-<br /> |align=center|15<br /> |{{FIN}}<br /> !scope=row|'''{{sortname|Mika|Häkkinen}}'''<br /> |align=center|20<br /> |align=center|{{F1|1991}}–{{F1|2001}}<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1997-17&quot;| [[1997 European Grand Prix]]<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;2001-16&quot;| [[2001 United States Grand Prix]]<br /> |-<br /> |align=center|15<br /> |{{FIN}}<br /> !scope=row style=background:#FBCEB1|'''{{sortname|Kimi|Räikkönen}}'''&lt;sup&gt;{{dagger}}&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> |align=center|20<br /> |align=center|{{F1|2001}}–{{F1|2009}}&lt;br&gt;{{F1|2012}}–<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;2003-02&quot;| [[2003 Malaysian Grand Prix]]<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;2013-01&quot;| [[2013 Australian Grand Prix]]<br /> |-<br /> |align=center|17<br /> |{{UK}}<br /> !scope=row|{{sortname|Stirling|Moss}}<br /> |align=center|16<br /> |align=center|{{F1|1950}}–{{F1|1962}}<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1955-06&quot;| [[1955 British Grand Prix]]<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1961-06&quot;| [[1961 German Grand Prix]]<br /> |-<br /> |align=center|18<br /> |{{UK}}<br /> !scope=row style=background:#FBCEB1|'''{{sortname|Jenson|Button}}'''&lt;sup&gt;{{dagger}}&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> |align=center|15<br /> |align=center|{{F1|2000}}–{{F1|2017}}<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;2006-13&quot;| [[2006 Hungarian Grand Prix]]<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;2012-20&quot;| [[2012 Brazilian Grand Prix]]<br /> |-<br /> |align=center|19<br /> |{{AUS}}<br /> !scope=row|'''{{sortname|Jack|Brabham}}'''<br /> |align=center|14<br /> |align=center|{{F1|1955}}–{{F1|1970}}<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1959-01&quot;| [[1959 Monaco Grand Prix]]<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1970-01&quot;| [[1970 South African Grand Prix]]<br /> |-<br /> |align=center|19<br /> |{{UK}}<br /> !scope=row|'''{{sortname|Graham|Hill}}'''<br /> |align=center|14<br /> |align=center|{{F1|1958}}–{{F1|1975}}<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1962-01&quot;| [[1962 Dutch Grand Prix]]<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1969-03&quot;| [[1969 Monaco Grand Prix]]<br /> |-<br /> |align=center|19<br /> |{{BRA}}<br /> !scope=row|'''{{sortname|Emerson|Fittipaldi}}'''<br /> |align=center|14<br /> |align=center|{{F1|1970}}–{{F1|1980}}<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1970-12&quot;| [[1970 United States Grand Prix]]<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1975-10&quot;| [[1975 British Grand Prix]]<br /> |-<br /> |align=center|22<br /> |{{ITA}}<br /> !scope=row|'''{{sortname|Alberto|Ascari}}'''<br /> |align=center|13<br /> |align=center|{{F1|1950}}–{{F1|1955}}<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1951-06&quot;| [[1951 German Grand Prix]]<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1953-08&quot;| [[1953 Swiss Grand Prix]]<br /> |-<br /> |align=center|22<br /> |{{UK}}<br /> !scope=row|{{sortname|David|Coulthard}}<br /> |align=center|13<br /> |align=center|{{F1|1994}}–{{F1|2008}}<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1995-13&quot;| [[1995 Portuguese Grand Prix]]<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;2003-01&quot;| [[2003 Australian Grand Prix]]<br /> |-<br /> |align=center|24<br /> |{{USA}}<br /> !scope=row|'''{{sortname|Mario|Andretti}}'''<br /> |align=center|12<br /> |align=center|{{F1|1968}}–{{F1|1972}}&lt;br&gt;{{F1|1974}}–{{F1|1982}}<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1971-01&quot;| [[1971 South African Grand Prix]]<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1978-13&quot;| [[1978 Dutch Grand Prix]]<br /> |-<br /> |align=center|24<br /> |{{ARG}}<br /> !scope=row|{{sortname|Carlos|Reutemann}}<br /> |align=center|12<br /> |align=center|{{F1|1972}}–{{F1|1982}}<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1974-03&quot;| [[1974 South African Grand Prix]]<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1981-05&quot;| [[1981 Belgian Grand Prix]]<br /> |-<br /> |align=center|24<br /> |{{AUS}}<br /> !scope=row|'''{{sortname|Alan|Jones|dab=racing driver}}'''<br /> |align=center|12<br /> |align=center|{{F1|1975}}–{{F1|1981}}&lt;br&gt;{{F1|1983}}&lt;br&gt;{{F1|1985}}–{{F1|1986}}<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1977-12&quot;| [[1977 Austrian Grand Prix]]<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1981-15&quot;| [[1981 Caesars Palace Grand Prix]]<br /> |-<br /> |align=center|27<br /> |{{CAN}}<br /> !scope=row|'''{{sortname|Jacques|Villeneuve}}'''<br /> |align=center|11<br /> |align=center|{{F1|1996}}–{{F1|2006}}<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1996-04&quot;| [[1996 European Grand Prix]]<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1997-15&quot;| [[1997 Luxembourg Grand Prix]]<br /> |-<br /> |align=center|27<br /> |{{BRA}}<br /> !scope=row|{{sortname|Rubens|Barrichello}}<br /> |align=center|11<br /> |align=center|{{F1|1993}}–{{F1|2011}}<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;2000-11&quot;| [[2000 German Grand Prix]]<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;2009-13&quot;| [[2009 Italian Grand Prix]]<br /> |-<br /> |align=center|27<br /> |{{BRA}}<br /> ! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background:#FBCEB1&quot; |{{sortname|Felipe|Massa}}&lt;sup&gt;{{dagger}}&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> |align=center|11<br /> |align=center|{{F1|2002}}&lt;br&gt;{{F1|2004}}–<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;2006-14&quot;| [[2006 Turkish Grand Prix]]<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;2008-18&quot;| [[2008 Brazilian Grand Prix]]<br /> |-<br /> |align=center|30<br /> |{{SWE}}<br /> !scope=row|{{sortname|Ronnie|Peterson}}<br /> |align=center|10<br /> |align=center|{{F1|1970}}–{{F1|1978}}<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1973-08&quot;| [[1973 French Grand Prix]]<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1978-12&quot;| [[1978 Austrian Grand Prix]]<br /> |-<br /> |align=center|30<br /> |{{flagcountry|ZAF|1928}}<br /> !scope=row|'''{{sortname|Jody|Scheckter}}'''<br /> |align=center|10<br /> |align=center|{{F1|1972}}–{{F1|1980}}<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1974-07&quot;| [[1974 Swedish Grand Prix]]<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1979-13&quot;| [[1979 Italian Grand Prix]]<br /> |-<br /> |align=center|30<br /> |{{UK}}<br /> !scope=row|'''{{sortname|James|Hunt}}'''<br /> |align=center|10<br /> |align=center|{{F1|1973}}–{{F1|1979}}<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1975-08&quot;| [[1975 Dutch Grand Prix]]<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1977-17&quot;| [[1977 Japanese Grand Prix]]<br /> |-<br /> |align=center|30<br /> |{{AUT}}<br /> !scope=row|{{sortname|Gerhard|Berger}}<br /> |align=center|10<br /> |align=center|{{F1|1984}}–{{F1|1997}}<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1986-15&quot;| [[1986 Mexican Grand Prix]]<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1997-10&quot;| [[1997 German Grand Prix]]<br /> |-<br /> |align=center|34<br /> |{{AUS}}<br /> !scope=row|{{sortname|Mark|Webber}}<br /> |align=center|9<br /> |align=center|{{F1|2002}}–{{F1|2013}}<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;2009-09&quot;| [[2009 German Grand Prix]]<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;2012-09&quot;| [[2012 British Grand Prix]]<br /> |-<br /> |align=center|35<br /> |{{NZL}}<br /> !scope=row|'''{{sortname|Denny|Hulme}}'''<br /> |align=center|8<br /> |align=center|{{F1|1965}}–{{F1|1974}}<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1967-02&quot;| [[1967 Monaco Grand Prix]]<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1974-01&quot;| [[1974 Argentine Grand Prix]]<br /> |-<br /> |align=center|35<br /> |{{BEL}}<br /> !scope=row|{{sortname|Jacky|Ickx}}<br /> |align=center|8<br /> |align=center|{{F1|1967}}–{{F1|1979}}<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1968-06&quot;| [[1968 French Grand Prix]]<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1972-08&quot;| [[1972 German Grand Prix]]<br /> |-<br /> |align=center|37<br /> |{{FRA}}<br /> !scope=row|{{sortname|René|Arnoux}}<br /> |align=center|7<br /> |align=center|{{F1|1978}}–{{F1|1989}}<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1980-02&quot;| [[1980 Brazilian Grand Prix]]<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1983-12&quot;| [[1983 Dutch Grand Prix]]<br /> |-<br /> |align=center|37<br /> |{{COL}}<br /> !scope=row|{{sortname|Juan Pablo|Montoya}}<br /> |align=center|7<br /> |align=center|{{F1|2001}}–{{F1|2006}}<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;2001-15&quot;| [[2001 Italian Grand Prix]]<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;2005-17&quot;| [[2005 Brazilian Grand Prix]]<br /> |-<br /> |align=center|39<br /> |{{UK}}<br /> !scope=row|{{sortname|Tony|Brooks|Tony Brooks (racing driver)}}<br /> |align=center|6<br /> |align=center|{{F1|1956}}–{{F1|1961}}<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1957-05&quot;| [[1957 British Grand Prix]]<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1959-06&quot;| [[1959 German Grand Prix]]<br /> |-<br /> |align=center|39<br /> |{{UK}}<br /> !scope=row|'''{{sortname|John|Surtees}}'''<br /> |align=center|6<br /> |align=center|{{F1|1960}}–{{F1|1972}}<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1963-06&quot;| [[1963 German Grand Prix]]<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1967-09&quot;| [[1967 Italian Grand Prix]]<br /> |-<br /> |align=center|39<br /> |{{AUT}}<br /> !scope=row|'''{{sortname|Jochen|Rindt}}'''<br /> |align=center|6<br /> |align=center|{{F1|1964}}–{{F1|1970}}<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1969-10&quot;| [[1969 United States Grand Prix]]<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1970-08&quot;| [[1970 German Grand Prix]]<br /> |-<br /> |align=center|39<br /> |{{FRA}}<br /> !scope=row|{{sortname|Jacques|Laffite}}<br /> |align=center|6<br /> |align=center|{{F1|1974}}–{{F1|1986}}<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1977-08&quot;| [[1977 Swedish Grand Prix]]<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1981-14&quot;| [[1981 Canadian Grand Prix]]<br /> |-<br /> |align=center|39<br /> |{{CAN}}<br /> !scope=row|{{sortname|Gilles|Villeneuve}}<br /> |align=center|6<br /> |align=center|{{F1|1977}}–{{F1|1982}}<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1978-16&quot;| [[1978 Canadian Grand Prix]]<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1981-07&quot;| [[1981 Spanish Grand Prix]]<br /> |-<br /> |align=center|39<br /> |{{ITA}}<br /> !scope=row|{{sortname|Riccardo|Patrese}}<br /> |align=center|6<br /> |align=center|{{F1|1977}}–{{F1|1993}}<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1982-06&quot;| [[1982 Monaco Grand Prix]]<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1992-15&quot;| [[1992 Japanese Grand Prix]]<br /> |-<br /> |align=center|39<br /> |{{GER}}<br /> !scope=row|{{sortname|Ralf|Schumacher}}<br /> |align=center|6<br /> |align=center|{{F1|1997}}–{{F1|2007}}<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;2001-04&quot;| [[2001 San Marino Grand Prix]]<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;2003-10&quot;| [[2003 French Grand Prix]]<br /> |-<br /> |align=center|46<br /> |{{ITA}}<br /> !scope=row|'''{{sortname|Giuseppe|Farina}}'''<br /> |align=center|5<br /> |align=center|{{F1|1950}}–{{F1|1955}}<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1950-01&quot;| [[1950 British Grand Prix]]<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1953-07&quot;| [[1953 German Grand Prix]]<br /> |-<br /> |align=center|46<br /> |{{SUI}}<br /> !scope=row|{{sortname|Clay|Regazzoni}}<br /> |align=center|5<br /> |align=center|{{F1|1970}}–{{F1|1980}}<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1970-10&quot;| [[1970 Italian Grand Prix]]<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1979-09&quot;| [[1979 British Grand Prix]]<br /> |-<br /> |align=center|46<br /> |{{UK}}<br /> !scope=row|{{sortname|John|Watson|dab=racing driver}}<br /> |align=center|5<br /> |align=center|{{F1|1973}}–{{F1|1983}}&lt;br&gt;{{F1|1985}}<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1976-11&quot;| [[1976 Austrian Grand Prix]]<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1983-02&quot;| [[1983 United States Grand Prix West|1983 United States West Grand Prix]]<br /> |-<br /> |align=center|46<br /> |{{FIN}}<br /> !scope=row|'''{{sortname|Keke|Rosberg}}'''<br /> |align=center|5<br /> |align=center|{{F1|1978}}–{{F1|1986}}<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1982-14&quot;| [[1982 Swiss Grand Prix]]<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1985-16&quot;| [[1985 Australian Grand Prix]]<br /> |-<br /> |align=center|46<br /> |{{ITA}}<br /> !scope=row|{{sortname|Michele|Alboreto}}<br /> |align=center|5<br /> |align=center|{{F1|1981}}–{{F1|1994}}<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1982-16&quot;| [[1982 Caesars Palace Grand Prix]]<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1985-09&quot;| [[1985 German Grand Prix]]<br /> |-<br /> |align=center|46<br /> |{{AUS}}<br /> !scope=row style=background:#FBCEB1|{{sortname|Daniel|Ricciardo}}&lt;sup&gt;{{dagger}}&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> |align=center|5<br /> |align=center|{{F1|2011}}–<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;2014-07&quot;| [[2014 Canadian Grand Prix]]<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;2017-08&quot;| [[2017 Azerbaijan Grand Prix]]<br /> |-<br /> |align=center|52<br /> |{{NZL}}<br /> !scope=row|{{sortname|Bruce|McLaren}}<br /> |align=center|4<br /> |align=center|{{F1|1959}}–{{F1|1970}}<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1959-09&quot;| [[1959 United States Grand Prix]]<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1968-04&quot;| [[1968 Belgian Grand Prix]]<br /> |-<br /> |align=center|52<br /> |{{USA}}<br /> !scope=row|{{sortname|Dan|Gurney}}<br /> |align=center|4<br /> |align=center|{{F1|1959}}–{{F1|1968}}&lt;br&gt;{{F1|1970}}<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1962-04&quot;| [[1962 French Grand Prix]]<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1967-04&quot;| [[1967 Belgian Grand Prix]]<br /> |-<br /> |align=center|52<br /> |{{UK}}<br /> !scope=row|{{sortname|Eddie|Irvine}}<br /> |align=center|4<br /> |align=center|{{F1|1993}}–{{F1|2002}}<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1999-01&quot;| [[1999 Australian Grand Prix]]<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1999-15&quot;| [[1999 Malaysian Grand Prix]]<br /> |-<br /> |align=center|55<br /> |{{UK}}<br /> !scope=row|'''{{sortname|Mike|Hawthorn}}'''<br /> |align=center|3<br /> |align=center|{{F1|1952}}–{{F1|1958}}<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1953-05&quot;| [[1953 French Grand Prix]]<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1958-06&quot;| [[1958 French Grand Prix]]<br /> |-<br /> |align=center|55<br /> |{{UK}}<br /> !scope=row|{{sortname|Peter|Collins|dab=racing driver}}<br /> |align=center|3<br /> |align=center|{{F1|1952}}–{{F1|1958}}<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1956-04&quot;| [[1956 Belgian Grand Prix]]<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1958-07&quot;| [[1958 British Grand Prix]]<br /> |-<br /> |align=center|55<br /> |{{USA}}<br /> !scope=row|'''{{sortname|Phil|Hill}}'''<br /> |align=center|3<br /> |align=center|{{F1|1958}}–{{F1|1964}}&lt;br&gt;{{F1|1966}}<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1960-09&quot;| [[1960 Italian Grand Prix]]<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1961-07&quot;| [[1961 Italian Grand Prix]]<br /> |-<br /> |align=center|55<br /> |{{FRA}}<br /> !scope=row|{{sortname|Didier|Pironi}}<br /> |align=center|3<br /> |align=center|{{F1|1978}}–{{F1|1982}}<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1980-05&quot;| [[1980 Belgian Grand Prix]]<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1982-09&quot;| [[1982 Dutch Grand Prix]]<br /> |-<br /> |align=center|55<br /> |{{BEL}}<br /> !scope=row|{{sortname|Thierry|Boutsen}}<br /> |align=center|3<br /> |align=center|{{F1|1983}}–{{F1|1993}}<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1989-06&quot;| [[1989 Canadian Grand Prix]]<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1990-10&quot;| [[1990 Hungarian Grand Prix]]<br /> |-<br /> |align=center|55<br /> |{{UK}}<br /> !scope=row|{{sortname|Johnny|Herbert}}<br /> |align=center|3<br /> |align=center|{{F1|1989}}–{{F1|2000}}<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1995-08&quot;| [[1995 British Grand Prix]]<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1999-14&quot;| [[1999 European Grand Prix]]<br /> |-<br /> |align=center|55<br /> |{{GER}}<br /> !scope=row|{{sortname|Heinz-Harald|Frentzen}}<br /> |align=center|3<br /> |align=center|{{F1|1994}}–{{F1|2003}}<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1997-04&quot;| [[1997 San Marino Grand Prix]]<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1999-13&quot;| [[1999 Italian Grand Prix]]<br /> |-<br /> |align=center|55<br /> |{{ITA}}<br /> !scope=row|{{sortname|Giancarlo|Fisichella}}<br /> |align=center|3<br /> |align=center|{{F1|1996}}–{{F1|2009}}<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;2003-03&quot;| [[2003 Brazilian Grand Prix]]<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;2006-02&quot;| [[2006 Malaysian Grand Prix]]<br /> |-<br /> |align=center|63<br /> |{{ARG}}<br /> !scope=row|{{sortname|José Froilán|González}}<br /> |align=center|2<br /> |align=center|{{F1|1950}}–{{F1|1957}}&lt;br&gt;{{F1|1960}}<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1951-05&quot;| [[1951 British Grand Prix]]<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1954-05&quot;| [[1954 British Grand Prix]]<br /> |-<br /> |align=center|63<br /> |{{USA}}<br /> !scope=row|{{sortname|Bill|Vukovich}}<br /> |align=center|2<br /> |align=center|{{F1|1951}}–{{F1|1955}}<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1953-02&quot;| [[1953 Indianapolis 500]]<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1954-02&quot;| [[1954 Indianapolis 500]]<br /> |-<br /> |align=center|63<br /> |{{FRA}}<br /> !scope=row|{{sortname|Maurice|Trintignant}}<br /> |align=center|2<br /> |align=center|{{F1|1950}}–{{F1|1964}}<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1955-02&quot;| [[1955 Monaco Grand Prix]]<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1958-02&quot;| [[1958 Monaco Grand Prix]]<br /> |-<br /> |align=center|63<br /> |{{GER}}<br /> !scope=row|{{sortname|Wolfgang von|Trips}}<br /> |align=center|2<br /> |align=center|{{F1|1956}}–{{F1|1961}}<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1961-02&quot;| [[1961 Dutch Grand Prix]]<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1961-05&quot;| [[1961 British Grand Prix]]<br /> |-<br /> |align=center|63<br /> |{{MEX}}<br /> !scope=row|{{sortname|Pedro|Rodríguez|dab=racing driver}}<br /> |align=center|2<br /> |align=center|{{F1|1963}}–{{F1|1971}}<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1967-01&quot;| [[1967 South African Grand Prix]]<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1970-04&quot;| [[1970 Belgian Grand Prix]]<br /> |-<br /> |align=center|63<br /> |{{SUI}}<br /> !scope=row|{{sortname|Jo|Siffert}}<br /> |align=center|2<br /> |align=center|{{F1|1962}}–{{F1|1971}}<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1968-07&quot;| [[1968 British Grand Prix]]<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1971-08&quot;| [[1971 Austrian Grand Prix]]<br /> |-<br /> |align=center|63<br /> |{{USA}}<br /> !scope=row|{{sortname|Peter|Revson}}<br /> |align=center|2<br /> |align=center|{{F1|1964}}&lt;br&gt;{{F1|1971}}–{{F1|1974}}<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1973-09&quot;| [[1973 British Grand Prix]]<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1973-14&quot;| [[1973 Canadian Grand Prix]]<br /> |-<br /> |align=center|63<br /> |{{FRA}}<br /> !scope=row|{{sortname|Patrick|Depailler}}<br /> |align=center|2<br /> |align=center|{{F1|1972}}&lt;br&gt;{{F1|1974}}–{{F1|1980}}<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1978-05&quot;| [[1978 Monaco Grand Prix]]<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1979-05&quot;| [[1979 Spanish Grand Prix]]<br /> |-<br /> |align=center|63<br /> |{{FRA}}<br /> !scope=row|{{sortname|Jean-Pierre|Jabouille}}<br /> |align=center|2<br /> |align=center|{{F1|1974}}–{{F1|1975}}&lt;br&gt;{{F1|1977}}–{{F1|1981}}<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1979-08&quot;| [[1979 French Grand Prix]]<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1980-10&quot;| [[1980 Austrian Grand Prix]]<br /> |-<br /> |align=center|63<br /> |{{FRA}}<br /> !scope=row|{{sortname|Patrick|Tambay}}<br /> |align=center|2<br /> |align=center|{{F1|1977}}–{{F1|1986}}<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1982-12&quot;| [[1982 German Grand Prix]]<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1983-04&quot;| [[1983 San Marino Grand Prix]]<br /> |-<br /> |align=center|63<br /> |{{ITA}}<br /> !scope=row|{{sortname|Elio|de Angelis}}<br /> |align=center|2<br /> |align=center|{{F1|1979}}–{{F1|1986}}<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1982-13&quot;| [[1982 Austrian Grand Prix]]<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1985-03&quot;| [[1985 San Marino Grand Prix]]<br /> |-<br /> |align=center|63<br /> |{{FIN}}<br /> !scope=row style=background:#FBCEB1|{{sortname|Valtteri|Bottas}}&lt;sup&gt;{{dagger}}&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> |align=center|2<br /> |align=center|{{F1|2013}}–<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;2017-04&quot;| [[2017 Russian Grand Prix]]<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;2017-09&quot;| [[2017 Austrian Grand Prix]]<br /> |-<br /> |align=center|63<br /> |{{NED}}<br /> !scope=row style=background:#FBCEB1|{{sortname|Max|Verstappen}}&lt;sup&gt;{{dagger}}&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> |align=center|2<br /> |align=center|{{F1|2015}}–<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;2016-05&quot;| [[2016 Spanish Grand Prix]]<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;2017-15&quot;| [[2017 Malaysian Grand Prix]]<br /> |-<br /> |align=center|76<br /> |{{USA}}<br /> !scope=row|{{sortname|Johnnie|Parsons}}<br /> |align=center|1<br /> |align=center|{{F1|1950}}–{{F1|1958}}<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1950-03&quot;| [[1950 Indianapolis 500]]<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1950-03&quot;| [[1950 Indianapolis 500]]<br /> |-<br /> |align=center|76<br /> |{{USA}}<br /> !scope=row|{{sortname|Lee|Wallard}}<br /> |align=center|1<br /> |align=center|{{F1|1950}}–{{F1|1951}}<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1951-02&quot;| [[1951 Indianapolis 500]]<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1951-02&quot;| [[1951 Indianapolis 500]]<br /> |-<br /> |align=center|76<br /> |{{ITA}}<br /> !scope=row|{{sortname|Luigi|Fagioli}}<br /> |align=center|1<br /> |align=center|{{F1|1950}}–{{F1|1951}}<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1951-04&quot;| [[1951 French Grand Prix]]<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1951-04&quot;| [[1951 French Grand Prix]]<br /> |-<br /> |align=center|76<br /> |{{ITA}}<br /> !scope=row|{{sortname|Piero|Taruffi}}<br /> |align=center|1<br /> |align=center|{{F1|1950}}–{{F1|1956}}<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1952-01&quot;| [[1952 Swiss Grand Prix]]<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1952-01&quot;| [[1952 Swiss Grand Prix]]<br /> |-<br /> |align=center|76<br /> |{{USA}}<br /> !scope=row|{{sortname|Troy|Ruttman}}<br /> |align=center|1<br /> |align=center|{{F1|1950}}–{{F1|1952}}, {{F1|1954}}&lt;br&gt;{{F1|1956}}–{{F1|1958}}, {{F1|1960}}<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1952-02&quot;| [[1952 Indianapolis 500]]<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1952-02&quot;| [[1952 Indianapolis 500]]<br /> |-<br /> |align=center|76<br /> |{{USA}}<br /> !scope=row|{{sortname|Bob|Sweikert}}<br /> |align=center|1<br /> |align=center|{{F1|1952}}–{{F1|1956}}<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1955-03&quot;| [[1955 Indianapolis 500]]<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1955-03&quot;| [[1955 Indianapolis 500]]<br /> |-<br /> |align=center|76<br /> |{{ITA}}<br /> !scope=row|{{sortname|Luigi|Musso}}<br /> |align=center|1<br /> |align=center|{{F1|1954}}–{{F1|1958}}<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1956-01&quot;| [[1956 Argentine Grand Prix]]<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1956-01&quot;| [[1956 Argentine Grand Prix]]<br /> |-<br /> |align=center|76<br /> |{{USA}}<br /> !scope=row|{{sortname|Pat|Flaherty|Pat Flaherty (racing driver)}}<br /> |align=center|1<br /> |align=center|{{F1|1950}}–{{F1|1959}}<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1956-03&quot;| [[1956 Indianapolis 500]]<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1956-03&quot;| [[1956 Indianapolis 500]]<br /> |-<br /> |align=center|76<br /> |{{USA}}<br /> !scope=row|{{sortname|Sam|Hanks}}<br /> |align=center|1<br /> |align=center|{{F1|1950}}–{{F1|1957}}<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1957-03&quot;| [[1957 Indianapolis 500]]<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1957-03&quot;| [[1957 Indianapolis 500]]<br /> |-<br /> |align=center|76<br /> |{{USA}}<br /> !scope=row|{{sortname|Jimmy|Bryan}}<br /> |align=center|1<br /> |align=center|{{F1|1952}}–{{F1|1960}}<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1958-04&quot;| [[1958 Indianapolis 500]]<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1958-04&quot;| [[1958 Indianapolis 500]]<br /> |-<br /> |align=center|76<br /> |{{USA}}<br /> !scope=row|{{sortname|Rodger|Ward}}<br /> |align=center|1<br /> |align=center|{{F1|1951}}–{{F1|1960}}&lt;br&gt;{{F1|1963}}<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1959-02&quot;| [[1959 Indianapolis 500]]<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1959-02&quot;| [[1959 Indianapolis 500]]<br /> |-<br /> |align=center|76<br /> |{{SWE}}<br /> !scope=row|{{sortname|Joakim|Bonnier}}<br /> |align=center|1<br /> |align=center|{{F1|1956}}–{{F1|1971}}<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1959-03&quot;| [[1959 Dutch Grand Prix]]<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1959-03&quot;| [[1959 Dutch Grand Prix]]<br /> |-<br /> |align=center|76<br /> |{{USA}}<br /> !scope=row|{{sortname|Jim|Rathmann}}<br /> |align=center|1<br /> |align=center|{{F1|1950}}&lt;br&gt;{{F1|1952}}–{{F1|1960}}<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1960-03&quot;| [[1960 Indianapolis 500]]<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1960-03&quot;| [[1960 Indianapolis 500]]<br /> |-<br /> |align=center|76<br /> |{{ITA}}<br /> !scope=row|{{sortname|Giancarlo|Baghetti}}<br /> |align=center|1<br /> |align=center|{{F1|1961}}–{{F1|1967}}<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1961-04&quot;| [[1961 French Grand Prix]]<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1961-04&quot;| [[1961 French Grand Prix]]<br /> |-<br /> |align=center|76<br /> |{{UK}}<br /> !scope=row|{{sortname|Innes|Ireland}}<br /> |align=center|1<br /> |align=center|{{F1|1959}}–{{F1|1966}}<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1961-08&quot;| [[1961 United States Grand Prix]]<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1961-08&quot;| [[1961 United States Grand Prix]]<br /> |-<br /> |align=center|76<br /> |{{ITA}}<br /> !scope=row|{{sortname|Lorenzo|Bandini}}<br /> |align=center|1<br /> |align=center|{{F1|1961}}–{{F1|1967}}<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1964-07&quot;| [[1964 Austrian Grand Prix]]<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1964-07&quot;| [[1964 Austrian Grand Prix]]<br /> |-<br /> |align=center|76<br /> |{{USA}}<br /> !scope=row|{{sortname|Richie|Ginther}}<br /> |align=center|1<br /> |align=center|{{F1|1960}}–{{F1|1967}}<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1965-10&quot;| [[1965 Mexican Grand Prix]]<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1965-10&quot;| [[1965 Mexican Grand Prix]]<br /> |-<br /> |align=center|76<br /> |{{ITA}}<br /> !Scope=row|{{sortname|Ludovico|Scarfiotti}}<br /> |align=center|1<br /> |align=center|{{F1|1963}}–{{F1|1968}}<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1966-07&quot;| [[1966 Italian Grand Prix]]<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1966-07&quot;| [[1966 Italian Grand Prix]]<br /> |-<br /> |align=center|76<br /> |{{UK}}<br /> !scope=row|{{sortname|Peter|Gethin}}<br /> |align=center|1<br /> |align=center|{{F1|1970}}–{{F1|1974}}<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1971-09&quot;| [[1971 Italian Grand Prix]]<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1971-09&quot;| [[1971 Italian Grand Prix]]<br /> |-<br /> |align=center|76<br /> |{{FRA}}<br /> !scope=row|{{sortname|François|Cevert}}<br /> |align=center|1<br /> |align=center|{{F1|1970}}–{{F1|1973}}<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1971-11&quot;| [[1971 United States Grand Prix]]<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1971-11&quot;| [[1971 United States Grand Prix]]<br /> |-<br /> |align=center|76<br /> |{{FRA}}<br /> !scope=row|{{sortname|Jean-Pierre|Beltoise}}<br /> |align=center|1<br /> |align=center|{{F1|1967}}–{{F1|1974}}<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1972-04&quot;| [[1972 Monaco Grand Prix]]<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1972-04&quot;| [[1972 Monaco Grand Prix]]<br /> |-<br /> |align=center|76<br /> |{{flagcountry|BRA|1968}}<br /> !scope=row|{{sortname|José Carlos|Pace|Carlos Pace}}<br /> |align=center|1<br /> |align=center|{{F1|1972}}–{{F1|1977}}<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1975-02&quot;| [[1975 Brazilian Grand Prix]]<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1975-02&quot;| [[1975 Brazilian Grand Prix]]<br /> |-<br /> |align=center|76<br /> |{{GER}}<br /> !scope=row|{{sortname|Jochen|Mass}}<br /> |align=center|1<br /> |align=center|{{F1|1973}}–{{F1|1982}}<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1975-04&quot;| [[1975 Spanish Grand Prix]]<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1975-04&quot;| [[1975 Spanish Grand Prix]]<br /> |-<br /> |align=center|76<br /> |{{ITA}}<br /> !scope=row|{{sortname|Vittorio|Brambilla}}<br /> |align=center|1<br /> |align=center|{{F1|1974}}–{{F1|1980}}<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1975-12&quot;| [[1975 Austrian Grand Prix]]<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1975-12&quot;| [[1975 Austrian Grand Prix]]<br /> |-<br /> |align=center|76<br /> |{{SWE}}<br /> !scope=row|{{sortname|Gunnar|Nilsson}}<br /> |align=center|1<br /> |align=center|{{F1|1976}}–{{F1|1977}}<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1977-07&quot;| [[1977 Belgian Grand Prix]]<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1977-07&quot;| [[1977 Belgian Grand Prix]]<br /> |-<br /> |align=center|76<br /> |{{ITA}}<br /> !scope=row|{{sortname|Alessandro|Nannini}}<br /> |align=center|1<br /> |align=center|{{F1|1986}}–{{F1|1990}}<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1989-15&quot;| [[1989 Japanese Grand Prix]]<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1989-15&quot;| [[1989 Japanese Grand Prix]]<br /> |-<br /> |align=center|76<br /> |{{FRA}}<br /> !scope=row|{{sortname|Jean|Alesi}}<br /> |align=center|1<br /> |align=center|{{F1|1989}}–{{F1|2001}}<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1995-06&quot;| [[1995 Canadian Grand Prix]]<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1995-06&quot;| [[1995 Canadian Grand Prix]]<br /> |-<br /> |align=center|76<br /> |{{FRA}}<br /> !scope=row|{{sortname|Olivier|Panis}}<br /> |align=center|1<br /> |align=center|{{F1|1994}}–{{F1|1999}}&lt;br&gt;{{F1|2001}}–{{F1|2004}}<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1996-06&quot;| [[1996 Monaco Grand Prix]]<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;1996-06&quot;| [[1996 Monaco Grand Prix]]<br /> |-<br /> |align=center|76<br /> |{{ITA}}<br /> !scope=row|{{sortname|Jarno|Trulli}}<br /> |align=center|1<br /> |align=center|{{F1|1997}}–{{F1|2011}}<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;2004-06&quot;| [[2004 Monaco Grand Prix]]<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;2004-06&quot;| [[2004 Monaco Grand Prix]]<br /> |-<br /> |align=center|76<br /> |{{POL}}<br /> !scope=row|{{sortname|Robert|Kubica}}<br /> |align=center|1<br /> |align=center|{{F1|2006}}–{{F1|2010}}<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;2008-07&quot;| [[2008 Canadian Grand Prix]]<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;2008-07&quot;| [[2008 Canadian Grand Prix]]<br /> |-<br /> |align=center|76<br /> |{{FIN}}<br /> !scope=row|{{sortname|Heikki|Kovalainen}}<br /> |align=center|1<br /> |align=center|{{F1|2007}}–{{F1|2013}}<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;2008-11&quot;| [[2008 Hungarian Grand Prix]]<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;2008-11&quot;| [[2008 Hungarian Grand Prix]]<br /> |-<br /> |align=center|76<br /> |{{VEN}}<br /> !scope=row|{{sortname|Pastor|Maldonado}}<br /> |align=center|1<br /> |align=center|{{F1|2011}}–{{F1|2015}}<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;2012-05&quot;| [[2012 Spanish Grand Prix]]<br /> |data-sort-value=&quot;2012-05&quot;| [[2012 Spanish Grand Prix]]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==By nationality==<br /> ''All figures correct as of the [[2017 Japanese Grand Prix]]''<br /> {|class=&quot;sortable plainrowheaders wikitable&quot;<br /> |+List of races won by nationality of driver<br /> |-<br /> !scope=col|Rank<br /> !scope=col|Country<br /> !scope=col|Wins<br /> !scope=col|Driver(s)<br /> |-<br /> |align=center|1<br /> !scope=row|{{GBR}}<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 266<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 19<br /> |-<br /> |align=center|2<br /> !scope=row|{{DEU}}<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 172<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 7<br /> |-<br /> |align=center|3<br /> !scope=row|{{BRA}}<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 101<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 6<br /> |-<br /> |align=center|4<br /> !scope=row|{{FRA}}<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 79<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 12<br /> |-<br /> |align=center|5<br /> !scope=row|{{FIN}}<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 48<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 5<br /> |-<br /> |align=center|6<br /> !scope=row|{{ITA}}<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 43<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 15<br /> |-<br /> |align=center|7<br /> !scope=row|{{AUT}}<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 41<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 3<br /> |-<br /> |align=center|8<br /> !scope=row|{{AUS}}<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 40<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 4<br /> |-<br /> |align=center|9<br /> !scope=row|{{ARG}}<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 38<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 3<br /> |-<br /> |align=center|10<br /> !scope=row|{{USA}}<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 33<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 15<br /> |-<br /> |align=center|11<br /> !scope=row|{{ESP}}<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 32<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 1<br /> |-<br /> |align=center|12<br /> !scope=row|{{CAN}}<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 17<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 2<br /> |-<br /> |align=center|13<br /> !scope=row|{{NZL}}<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 12<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 2<br /> |-<br /> |align=center|13<br /> !scope=row|{{SWE}}<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 12<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 3<br /> |-<br /> |align=center|15<br /> !scope=row|{{BEL}}<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 11<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 2<br /> |-<br /> |align=center|16<br /> !scope=row|{{RSA}}<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 10<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 1<br /> |-<br /> |align=center|17<br /> !scope=row|{{COL}}<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 7<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 1<br /> |-<br /> |align=center|17<br /> !scope=row|{{CHE}}<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 7<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 2<br /> |-<br /> |align=center|19<br /> !scope=row|{{MEX}}<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 2<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 1<br /> |-<br /> |align=center|19<br /> !scope=row|{{NED}}<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 2<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 1<br /> |-<br /> |align=center|21<br /> !scope=row|{{POL}}<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 1<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 1<br /> |-<br /> |align=center|21<br /> !scope=row|{{VEN}}<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 1<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 1<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> *[[List of Formula One Grand Prix winners (constructors)]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> ;General<br /> * {{cite web|url=http://www.forix.com/8w/6thgear/wins.html |title=World Championship Grand Prix Wins |work=Forix |publisher=Autosport |date=24 June 2012 |accessdate=8 July 2012 |first=Mattijs |last=Diepraam }}<br /> <br /> ;Specific<br /> {{Reflist|30em}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * [http://www.formula1.com/ Formula One official website]<br /> * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110128210448/http://www.fia.com/en-GB/Pages/HomePage.aspx FIA official website]<br /> <br /> {{featured list}}<br /> <br /> {{Sports country lists}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Formula One-related lists|Winners Grand Prix]]</div> Tulumino https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Formula_One_constructor_records&diff=726197913 List of Formula One constructor records 2016-06-20T17:45:39Z <p>Tulumino: /* External links */ linkfix</p> <hr /> <div>{{Formula One|records}}<br /> This is a '''list of records''' in the [[Formula One#Distinction between Formula One and World Championship races|FIA World Championships]], since [[1950 Formula One season|1950]]. '''Bold''' entries indicate the record-holder has competed in the [[2016 Formula One season|2016 season]].<br /> <br /> This page is accurate as of the [[2016 Canadian Grand Prix]].<br /> <br /> {| id=&quot;toc&quot; style=&quot;margin:0 auto; text-align:center&quot;<br /> !style=&quot;background:#ccf&quot;|Table of contents<br /> |-<br /> !style=&quot;background:#ddf&quot;|[[#Constructor records|Constructor records]]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;padding:0 2%&quot;|'''[[#Races entered and started|Races entered and started]]:''' [[#Total races started|Total races started]]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;padding:0 2%&quot;|'''[[#Wins|Wins]]:''' [[#Total wins|Total]] • [[#Percentage wins|Percentage]] • [[#Most wins in a season|In one season]] • [[#Highest percentage of wins in a season|Percentage in one season]] • [[#Most consecutive wins|Consecutive]] • [[#Most wins in the same Grand Prix|In the same GP]] • {{nobreak|[[#Most consecutive wins in the same Grand Prix|Consecutive in the same GP]]}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;padding:0 2%&quot;|'''[[#1-2 finishes|1-2 finishes]]:''' [[#Most 1-2 finishes in a season|In one season]] • [[#Most consecutive 1-2 finishes|Consecutive]]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;padding:0 2%&quot;|'''[[#Podiums|Podiums]]:''' [[#Total podiums|Total]] • [[#Consecutive podiums|Consecutive]] • [[#Most podiums in a season|In one season]] &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''[[#Pole positions|Pole positions]]:''' [[#Total pole positions|Total]] • [[#Most pole positions in a season|In one season]]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;padding:0 2%&quot;|'''[[#Fastest laps|Fastest laps]]:''' [[#Total fastest laps|Total]]&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''[[#Points|Points]]:''' [[#Total points|Total]] • [[#Most Championship points in a season|In one season]] • [[#Highest percentage of points in a season|Percentage in one season]]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;padding:0 2%&quot;|'''[[#Constructors' championships|Constructors' Championships]]:''' [[#Total championships|Total]] • [[#Consecutive championships|Consecutive]]<br /> |-<br /> !style=&quot;background:#ddf&quot;|Other<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;padding:0 2%&quot;|'''[[#Driver records|Driver records]]''' • '''[[#Engines records|Engines records]]''' • '''[[#Tyres records|Tyres records]]''' • '''[[#Race records|Race records]]'''&lt;br/&gt;[[#Notes|Notes]] • [[#References|References]] • [[#See also|See also]]<br /> |}<br /> __NOTOC__<br /> <br /> ==Constructor records==<br /> <br /> ===Races entered and started===<br /> <br /> ====Total races started====<br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !<br /> !Constructor<br /> !Races Started<br /> !Seasons<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> !1<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{flagicon|ITA}} '''[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]'''<br /> |914<br /> |[[1950 Formula One season|1950]]–[[2016 Formula One season|2016]]<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> !2<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{flagicon|GBR}} '''[[McLaren]]'''<br /> |787<br /> |[[1966 Formula One season|1966]]–[[2016 Formula One season|2016]]<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> !3<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{flagicon|GBR}} '''[[Williams F1|Williams]]'''<br /> |642<br /> |[[1978 Formula One season|1978]]–[[2016 Formula One season|2016]]<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> !4<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{flagicon|GBR}} [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]<br /> |491<br /> |[[1958 Formula One season|1958]]–[[1994 Formula One season|1994]]<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> !5<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{flagicon|GBR}} [[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell]]<br /> |430<br /> |[[1970 Formula One season|1970]]–[[1998 Formula One season|1998]]<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> !6<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{flagicon|CHE}}/{{flagicon|DEU}} '''[[Sauber]]'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Sauber&quot; group=&quot;N&quot;&gt;Sauber held a Swiss licence from 1993 to 2005, a German licence (as &quot;BMW Sauber&quot;) from 2006 to 2009 and a Swiss licence from 2010 onwards&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> |407<br /> |[[1993 Formula One season|1993]]–[[2016 Formula One season|2016]]<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> !7<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{flagicon|GBR}} [[Brabham]]<br /> |394<br /> |[[1962 Formula One season|1962]]–[[1987 Formula One season|1987]],&lt;br/&gt;[[1989 Formula One season|1989]]–[[1992 Formula One season|1992]]<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> !8<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{flagicon|GBR}} [[Arrows (F1)|Arrows]]<br /> |368<br /> ||[[1978 Formula One season|1978]]–[[2002 Formula One season|2002]]<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> !9<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Minardi]]<br /> |340<br /> |[[1985 Formula One season|1985]]–[[2005 Formula One season|2005]]<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> !10<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Equipe Ligier|Ligier]]<br /> |326<br /> |[[1976 Formula One season|1976]]–[[1996 Formula One season|1996]]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Wins===<br /> <br /> ====Total wins====<br /> {{main|List of Formula One Grand Prix winners (constructors)#By constructor|l1=List of Formula One Grand Prix winners (constructors)}}<br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !<br /> !Constructor<br /> !Seasons<br /> !Wins<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> !1<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{flagicon|ITA}} '''[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]'''<br /> |[[1950 Formula One season|1950]]–[[2016 Formula One season|2016]]<br /> |224<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> !2<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{flagicon|GBR}} '''[[McLaren]]'''<br /> |[[1966 Formula One season|1966]]–[[2016 Formula One season|2016]]<br /> |182<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> !3<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{flagicon|GBR}} '''[[WilliamsF1|Williams]]'''<br /> |[[1978 Formula One season|1978]]–[[2016 Formula One season|2016]]<br /> |114<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> !4<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{flagicon|GBR}} [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]<br /> |[[1958 Formula One season|1958]]–[[1994 Formula One season|1994]]<br /> |79<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> !rowspan=2|5<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{flagicon|AUT}} '''[[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]'''<br /> |[[2005 Formula One season|2005]]–[[2016 Formula One season|2016]]<br /> |rowspan=2|51<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{flagicon|DEU}} '''[[Mercedes-Benz in Formula One|Mercedes]]'''<br /> |[[1954 Formula One season|1954]]–[[1955 Formula One season|1955]],&lt;br/&gt;[[2010 Formula One season|2010]]–[[2016 Formula One season|2016]]<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|7<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{flagicon|GBR}} [[Brabham]]<br /> |[[1962 Formula One season|1962]]–[[1987 Formula One season|1987]],&lt;br/&gt;[[1989 Formula One season|1989]]–[[1992 Formula One season|1992]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|35<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{flagicon|FRA}}/{{flagicon|GBR}} '''[[Renault in Formula One|Renault]]'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Renault&quot; group=&quot;N&quot;&gt;Renault held a French licence from 1977 to 2010 and in 2016, and a British one in 2011&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> |[[1977 Formula One season|1977]]–[[1985 Formula One season|1985]],&lt;br/&gt;[[2002 Formula One season|2002]]–[[2011 Formula One season|2011]],&lt;br/&gt;[[2016 Formula One season|2016]]<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> !9<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{flagicon|GBR}}/{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Benetton Formula|Benetton]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Benetton&quot; group=&quot;N&quot;&gt;Benetton held a British licence from 1986 to 1995, and an Italian one from 1996 to 2001&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> |[[1986 Formula One season|1986]]–[[2001 Formula One season|2001]]<br /> |27<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> !10<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{flagicon|GBR}} [[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell]]<br /> |[[1970 Formula One season|1970]]–[[1998 Formula One season|1998]]<br /> |23<br /> |-<br /> |colspan=&quot;4&quot; align=center|Source:&lt;ref name=&quot;Total wins&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Total wins|url=http://www.statsf1.com/en/statistiques/constructeur/victoire/nombre.aspx|publisher=Stats F1|accessdate=10 May 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Percentage wins====<br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !<br /> !Constructor<br /> !Races<br /> !Wins<br /> !Percentage<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> !1<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{flagicon|GBR}} [[Brawn GP|Brawn]]<br /> |17<br /> |8<br /> |47.06%<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> !2<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{flagicon|DEU}} '''[[Mercedes-Benz in Formula One|Mercedes]]'''<br /> |134<br /> |51<br /> |38.06%<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> !3<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{flagicon|GBR}} [[Vanwall]]<br /> |29<br /> |9<br /> |31.03%<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> !4<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{flagicon|ITA}} '''[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]'''<br /> |914<br /> |224<br /> |24.51%<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> !5<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{flagicon|AUT}} '''[[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]'''<br /> |210<br /> |51<br /> |24.29%<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> !6<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{flagicon|GBR}} '''[[McLaren]]'''<br /> |787<br /> |182<br /> |23.13%<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> !7<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{flagicon|GBR}} '''[[Williams F1|Williams]]'''<br /> |642<br /> |114<br /> |17.76%<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> !8<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{flagicon|GBR}} [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]<br /> |493<br /> |79<br /> |16.02%<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> !9<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Equipe Matra Sports|Matra]]<br /> |61<br /> |9<br /> |14.75%<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> !10<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{flagicon|GBR}} [[Cooper Car Company|Cooper]]<br /> |129<br /> |16<br /> |12.40%<br /> |-<br /> |colspan=&quot;5&quot; align=&quot;center&quot;|Source:&lt;ref name=&quot;Total wins&quot;/&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Most wins in a season====<br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !<br /> !Constructor<br /> !Season<br /> !Races<br /> !Wins<br /> !Percentage<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|1<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;left&quot;|{{flagicon|DEU}} '''[[Mercedes-Benz in Formula One|Mercedes]]'''<br /> |[[2014 Formula One season|2014]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|19<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|16<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|84%<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> |[[2015 Formula One season|2015]]<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> !rowspan=&quot;3&quot;|3<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{flagicon|GBR}} '''[[McLaren]]'''<br /> |[[1988 Formula One season|1988]]<br /> |16<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;|15<br /> |94%<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;left&quot;|{{flagicon|ITA}} '''[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]'''<br /> |[[2002 Formula One season|2002]]<br /> |17<br /> |88%<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> |[[2004 Formula One season|2004]]<br /> |18<br /> |83%<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> !6<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;left&quot;|{{flagicon|AUT}} '''[[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]'''<br /> |[[2013 Formula One season|2013]]<br /> |19<br /> |13<br /> |68%<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> !rowspan=&quot;3&quot;|7<br /> |[[2011 Formula One season|2011]]<br /> |19<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;|12<br /> |63%<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{flagicon|GBR}} '''[[Williams F1|Williams]]'''<br /> |[[1996 Formula One season|1996]]<br /> |16<br /> |75%<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{flagicon|GBR}} '''[[McLaren]]'''<br /> |[[1984 Formula One season|1984]]<br /> |16<br /> |75%<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> !10<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{flagicon|GBR}} [[Benetton Formula|Benetton]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Benetton&quot; group=&quot;N&quot; /&gt;<br /> |[[1995 Formula One season|1995]]<br /> |17<br /> |11<br /> |65%<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Highest percentage of wins in a season====<br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !<br /> !Constructor<br /> !Season<br /> !Races<br /> !Wins<br /> !Percentage<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> !1<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{flagicon|GBR}} '''[[McLaren]]'''<br /> |[[1988 Formula One season|1988]]<br /> |16<br /> |15<br /> |93.8%<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> !2<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{flagicon|ITA}} '''[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]'''<br /> |[[2002 Formula One season|2002]]<br /> |17<br /> |15<br /> |88.2%<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> !3<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{flagicon|ITA}} '''[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]'''<br /> |[[1952 Formula One season|1952]]<br /> |8<br /> |7<br /> |87.5%<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> !4<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Alfa Romeo in Formula One|Alfa Romeo]]<br /> |[[1950 Formula One season|1950]]<br /> |7<br /> |6<br /> |85.7%<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|5<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;left&quot;|{{flagicon|DEU}} '''[[Mercedes-Benz in Formula One|Mercedes]]'''<br /> |[[2014 Formula One season|2014]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|19<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|16<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|84.2%<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> |[[2014 Formula One season|2015]]<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> !7<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{flagicon|ITA}} '''[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]'''<br /> |[[2004 Formula One season|2004]]<br /> |18<br /> |15<br /> |83.3%<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> !8<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{flagicon|ITA}} '''[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]'''<br /> |[[1953 Formula One season|1953]]<br /> |9<br /> |7<br /> |77.7%<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|9<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{flagicon|GBR}} '''[[McLaren]]'''<br /> |[[1984 Formula One season|1984]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|16<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|12<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|75.0%<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{flagicon|GBR}} '''[[Williams F1|Williams]]'''<br /> |[[1996 Formula One season|1996]]<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Most consecutive wins====<br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !<br /> !Constructor<br /> !Season(s)<br /> !Wins<br /> !Consecutive races won<br /> |-<br /> !1<br /> |{{flagicon|GBR}} '''[[McLaren]]'''<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;|[[1988 Formula One season|1988]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;|11<br /> |[[1988 Brazilian Grand Prix|Brazilian]], [[1988 San Marino Grand Prix|San Marino]], [[1988 Monaco Grand Prix|Monaco]], [[1988 Mexican Grand Prix|Mexican]], [[1988 Canadian Grand Prix|Canadian]], [[1988 Detroit Grand Prix|Detroit]], [[1988 French Grand Prix|French]], [[1988 British Grand Prix|British]], [[1988 German Grand Prix|German]], [[1988 Hungarian Grand Prix|Hungarian]], [[1988 Belgian Grand Prix|Belgian]]<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=2|2<br /> |{{flagicon|ITA}} '''[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]'''<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;|[[2002 Formula One season|2002]]<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;center&quot;|10<br /> |[[2002 Canadian Grand Prix|Canadian]], [[2002 European Grand Prix|European]], [[2002 British Grand Prix|British]], [[2002 French Grand Prix|French]], [[2002 German Grand Prix|German]], [[2002 Hungarian Grand Prix|Hungarian]], [[2002 Belgian Grand Prix|Belgian]], [[2002 Italian Grand Prix|Italian]], [[2002 United States Grand Prix|United States]], [[2002 Japanese Grand Prix|Japanese]]<br /> |-<br /> |{{flagicon|DEU}} '''[[Mercedes-Benz in Formula One|Mercedes]]'''<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;|[[2015 Formula One season|2015]]–[[2016 Formula One season|2016]]<br /> |[[2015 Japanese Grand Prix|Japanese]], [[2015 Russian Grand Prix|Russian]], [[2015 United States Grand Prix|United States]], [[2015 Mexican Grand Prix|Mexican]], [[2015 Brazilian Grand Prix|Brazilian]], [[2015 Abu Dhabi Grand Prix|Abu Dhabi]] / [[2016 Australian Grand Prix|'16 Australian]], [[2016 Bahrain Grand Prix|'16 Bahrain]], [[2016 Chinese Grand Prix|'16 Chinese]], [[2016 Russian Grand Prix|'16 Russian]]<br /> |-<br /> !4<br /> |{{flagicon|AUT}} '''[[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]'''<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;|[[2013 Formula One season|2013]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;|9<br /> |[[2013 Belgian Grand Prix|Belgian]], [[2013 Italian Grand Prix|Italian]], [[2013 Singapore Grand Prix|Singapore]], [[2013 Korean Grand Prix|Korean]], [[2013 Japanese Grand Prix|Japanese]], [[2013 Indian Grand Prix|Indian]], [[2013 Abu Dhabi Grand Prix|Abu Dhabi]], [[2013 United States Grand Prix|United States]], [[2013 Brazilian Grand Prix|Brazil]]<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=3|5<br /> |{{flagicon|GBR}} '''[[McLaren]]'''<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;|[[1984 Formula One season|1984]]–[[1985 Formula One season|1985]]<br /> |rowspan=3 align=&quot;center&quot;|8<br /> |[[1984 British Grand Prix|British]], [[1984 German Grand Prix|German]], [[1984 Austrian Grand Prix|Austrian]], [[1984 Dutch Grand Prix|Dutch]], [[1984 Italian Grand Prix|Italian]], [[1984 European Grand Prix|European]], [[1984 Portuguese Grand Prix|Portuguese]] / [[1985 Brazilian Grand Prix|'85 Brazilian]]<br /> |-<br /> |{{flagicon|ITA}} '''[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]'''<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;|[[2003 Formula One season|2003]]–[[2004 Formula One season|2004]]<br /> |[[2003 Italian Grand Prix|Italian]], [[2003 United States Grand Prix|United States]], [[2003 Japanese Grand Prix|Japanese]] / [[2004 Australian Grand Prix|'04 Australian]], [[2004 Malaysian Grand Prix|'04 Malaysian]], [[2004 Bahrain Grand Prix|'04 Bahrain]], [[2004 San Marino Grand Prix|'04 San Marino]], [[2004 Spanish Grand Prix|'04 Spanish]]<br /> |-<br /> |{{flagicon|DEU}} '''[[Mercedes-Benz in Formula One|Mercedes]]'''<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;|[[2014 Formula One season|2014]]–[[2015 Formula One season|2015]]<br /> |[[2014 Italian Grand Prix|Italian]], [[2014 Singapore Grand Prix|Singapore]], [[2014 Japanese Grand Prix|Japanese]], [[2014 Russian Grand Prix|Russian]], [[2014 United States Grand Prix|United States]], [[2014 Brazilian Grand Prix|Brazilian]], [[2014 Abu Dhabi Grand Prix|Abu Dhabi]] / [[2015 Australian Grand Prix|'15 Australian]]<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=5|8<br /> |rowspan=2|{{flagicon|ITA}} '''[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]'''<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;|[[1952 Formula One season|1952]]–[[1953 Formula One season|1953]]<br /> |rowspan=5 align=&quot;center&quot;|7<br /> |[[1952 Belgian Grand Prix|Belgian]], [[1952 French Grand Prix|French]], [[1952 British Grand Prix|British]], [[1952 German Grand Prix|German]], [[1952 Dutch Grand Prix|Dutch]], [[1952 Italian Grand Prix|Italian]] / [[1953 Argentine Grand Prix|'53 Argentine]]<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;|[[2004 Formula One season|2004]]<br /> |[[2004 European Grand Prix|European]], [[2004 Canadian Grand Prix|Canadian]], [[2004 United States Grand Prix|United States]], [[2004 French Grand Prix|French]], [[2004 British Grand Prix|British]], [[2004 German Grand Prix|German]], [[2004 Hungarian Grand Prix|Hungarian]]<br /> |-<br /> |{{flagicon|GBR}} '''[[Williams F1|Williams]]'''<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;|[[1993 Formula One season|1993]]<br /> |[[1993 Canadian Grand Prix|Canadian]], [[1993 French Grand Prix|French]], [[1993 British Grand Prix|British]], [[1993 German Grand Prix|German]], [[1993 Hungarian Grand Prix|Hungarian]], [[1993 Belgian Grand Prix|Belgian]], [[1993 Italian Grand Prix|Italian]]<br /> |-<br /> |{{flagicon|DEU}} '''[[Mercedes-Benz in Formula One|Mercedes]]'''<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;|[[2015 Formula One season|2015]]<br /> |[[2015 Chinese Grand Prix|Chinese]], [[2015 Bahrain Grand Prix|Bahrain]], [[2015 Spanish Grand Prix|Spanish]], [[2015 Monaco Grand Prix|Monaco]], [[2015 Canadian Grand Prix|Canadian]], [[2015 Austrian Grand Prix|Austrian]], [[2015 British Grand Prix|British]]<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Most wins in the same Grand Prix====<br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !<br /> !Constructor<br /> !Wins<br /> !Grand Prix<br /> !Seasons<br /> |-<br /> ! 1<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} '''[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]'''<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 21<br /> | [[German Grand Prix]]<br /> | [[1951 German Grand Prix|1951]], [[1952 German Grand Prix|1952]], [[1953 German Grand Prix|1953]], [[1956 German Grand Prix|1956]], [[1959 German Grand Prix|1959]], [[1963 German Grand Prix|1963]], [[1964 German Grand Prix|1964]], [[1972 German Grand Prix|1972]], [[1974 German Grand Prix|1974]], [[1977 German Grand Prix|1977]], [[1982 German Grand Prix|1982]], [[1983 German Grand Prix|1983]], [[1985 German Grand Prix|1985]], [[1994 German Grand Prix|1994]], [[1999 German Grand Prix|1999]], [[2000 German Grand Prix|2000]], [[2002 German Grand Prix|2002]], [[2004 German Grand Prix|2004]], [[2006 German Grand Prix|2006]], [[2010 German Grand Prix|2010]], [[2012 German Grand Prix|2012]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 2<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} '''[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]'''<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 18<br /> | [[Italian Grand Prix]]<br /> | [[1951 Italian Grand Prix|1951]], [[1952 Italian Grand Prix|1952]], [[1960 Italian Grand Prix|1960]], [[1961 Italian Grand Prix|1961]], [[1964 Italian Grand Prix|1964]], [[1966 Italian Grand Prix|1966]], [[1970 Italian Grand Prix|1970]], [[1975 Italian Grand Prix|1975]], [[1979 Italian Grand Prix|1979]], [[1988 Italian Grand Prix|1988]], [[1996 Italian Grand Prix|1996]], [[1998 Italian Grand Prix|1998]], [[2000 Italian Grand Prix|2000]], [[2002 Italian Grand Prix|2002]], [[2003 Italian Grand Prix|2003]], [[2004 Italian Grand Prix|2004]], [[2006 Italian Grand Prix|2006]], [[2010 Italian Grand Prix|2010]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 3<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} '''[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]'''<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 17<br /> | [[French Grand Prix]]<br /> | [[1952 French Grand Prix|1952]], [[1953 French Grand Prix|1953]], [[1956 French Grand Prix|1956]], [[1958 French Grand Prix|1958]], [[1959 French Grand Prix|1959]], [[1961 French Grand Prix|1961]], [[1968 French Grand Prix|1968]], [[1975 French Grand Prix|1975]], [[1990 French Grand Prix|1990]], [[1997 French Grand Prix|1997]], [[1998 French Grand Prix|1998]], [[2001 French Grand Prix|2001]], [[2002 French Grand Prix|2002]], [[2004 French Grand Prix|2004]], [[2006 French Grand Prix|2006]], [[2007 French Grand Prix|2007]], [[2008 French Grand Prix|2008]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 4<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} '''[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]'''<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 16<br /> | [[Belgian Grand Prix]]<br /> | [[1952 Belgian Grand Prix|1952]], [[1953 Belgian Grand Prix|1953]], [[1956 Belgian Grand Prix|1956]], [[1961 Belgian Grand Prix|1961]], [[1966 Belgian Grand Prix|1966]], [[1975 Belgian Grand Prix|1975]], [[1976 Belgian Grand Prix|1976]], [[1979 Belgian Grand Prix|1979]], [[1984 Belgian Grand Prix|1984]], [[1996 Belgian Grand Prix|1996]], [[1997 Belgian Grand Prix|1997]], [[2001 Belgian Grand Prix|2001]], [[2002 Belgian Grand Prix|2002]], [[2007 Belgian Grand Prix|2007]], [[2008 Belgian Grand Prix|2008]], [[2009 Belgian Grand Prix|2009]]<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 5<br /> | {{nowrap|{{flagicon|GBR}} '''[[McLaren]]'''}}<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;center&quot;| 15<br /> | [[Monaco Grand Prix]]<br /> | [[1984 Monaco Grand Prix|1984]], [[1985 Monaco Grand Prix|1985]], [[1986 Monaco Grand Prix|1986]], [[1988 Monaco Grand Prix|1988]], [[1989 Monaco Grand Prix|1989]], [[1990 Monaco Grand Prix|1990]], [[1991 Monaco Grand Prix|1991]], [[1992 Monaco Grand Prix|1992]], [[1993 Monaco Grand Prix|1993]], [[1998 Monaco Grand Prix|1998]], [[2000 Monaco Grand Prix|2000]], [[2002 Monaco Grand Prix|2002]], [[2005 Monaco Grand Prix|2005]], [[2007 Monaco Grand Prix|2007]], [[2008 Monaco Grand Prix|2008]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} '''[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]'''<br /> | [[British Grand Prix]]<br /> | [[1951 British Grand Prix|1951]], [[1952 British Grand Prix|1952]], [[1953 British Grand Prix|1953]], [[1954 British Grand Prix|1954]], [[1958 British Grand Prix|1958]], [[1961 British Grand Prix|1961]], [[1976 British Grand Prix|1976]], [[1978 British Grand Prix|1978]], [[1990 British Grand Prix|1990]], [[1998 British Grand Prix|1998]], [[2002 British Grand Prix|2002]], [[2003 British Grand Prix|2003]], [[2004 British Grand Prix|2004]], [[2007 British Grand Prix|2007]], [[2011 British Grand Prix|2011]]<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=2|7<br /> |rowspan=2| {{flagicon|GBR}} '''[[McLaren]]'''<br /> |rowspan=2 align=center|14<br /> | [[British Grand Prix]]<br /> | [[1973 British Grand Prix|1973]], [[1975 British Grand Prix|1975]], [[1977 British Grand Prix|1977]], [[1981 British Grand Prix|1981]], [[1982 British Grand Prix|1982]], [[1984 British Grand Prix|1984]], [[1985 British Grand Prix|1985]], [[1988 British Grand Prix|1988]], [[1989 British Grand Prix|1989]], [[1999 British Grand Prix|1999]], [[2000 British Grand Prix|2000]], [[2001 British Grand Prix|2001]], [[2005 British Grand Prix|2005]], [[2008 British Grand Prix|2008]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[Belgian Grand Prix]]<br /> | [[1968 Belgian Grand Prix|1968]], [[1974 Belgian Grand Prix|1974]], [[1982 Belgian Grand Prix|1982]], [[1987 Belgian Grand Prix|1987]], [[1988 Belgian Grand Prix|1988]], [[1989 Belgian Grand Prix|1989]], [[1990 Belgian Grand Prix|1990]], [[1991 Belgian Grand Prix|1991]], [[1999 Belgian Grand Prix|1999]], [[2000 Belgian Grand Prix|2000]], [[2004 Belgian Grand Prix|2004]], [[2005 Belgian Grand Prix|2005]], [[2010 Belgian Grand Prix|2010]], [[2012 Belgian Grand Prix|2012]]<br /> |-<br /> <br /> ! 9<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} '''[[McLaren]]'''<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 13<br /> | {{nowrap|[[Canadian Grand Prix]]}}<br /> | | [[1968 Canadian Grand Prix|1968]], [[1973 Canadian Grand Prix|1973]], [[1974 Canadian Grand Prix|1974]], [[1976 Canadian Grand Prix|1976]], [[1988 Canadian Grand Prix|1988]], [[1990 Canadian Grand Prix|1990]], [[1992 Canadian Grand Prix|1992]], [[1999 Canadian Grand Prix|1999]], [[2005 Canadian Grand Prix|2005]], [[2007 Canadian Grand Prix|2007]], [[2010 Canadian Grand Prix|2010]], [[2011 Canadian Grand Prix|2011]], [[2012 Canadian Grand Prix|2012]]<br /> |-<br /> <br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 10<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} '''[[McLaren]]'''<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;center&quot;| 12<br /> | [[Brazilian Grand Prix]]<br /> | [[1974 Brazilian Grand Prix|1974]], [[1984 Brazilian Grand Prix|1984]], [[1985 Brazilian Grand Prix|1985]], [[1987 Brazilian Grand Prix|1987]], [[1988 Brazilian Grand Prix|1988]], [[1991 Brazilian Grand Prix|1991]], [[1993 Brazilian Grand Prix|1993]], [[1998 Brazilian Grand Prix|1998]], [[1999 Brazilian Grand Prix|1999]], [[2001 Brazilian Grand Prix|2001]], [[2005 Brazilian Grand Prix|2005]], [[2012 Brazilian Grand Prix|2012]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} '''[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]'''<br /> | [[Spanish Grand Prix]]<br /> | [[1954 Spanish Grand Prix|1954]], [[1974 Spanish Grand Prix|1974]], [[1981 Spanish Grand Prix|1981]], [[1990 Spanish Grand Prix|1990]], [[1996 Spanish Grand Prix|1996]], [[2001 Spanish Grand Prix|2001]], [[2002 Spanish Grand Prix|2002]], [[2003 Spanish Grand Prix|2003]], [[2004 Spanish Grand Prix|2004]], [[2007 Spanish Grand Prix|2007]], [[2008 Spanish Grand Prix|2008]], [[2013 Spanish Grand Prix|2013]]<br /> |-<br /> |colspan=&quot;5&quot; align=&quot;center&quot;| Source &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Most wins at same grand prix|url=http://www.statsf1.com/en/statistiques/constructeur/victoire/grandprix.aspx|publisher=Stats F1|accessdate=10 May 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Most consecutive wins in the same Grand Prix====<br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !<br /> !Constructor<br /> !Wins<br /> !Grand Prix<br /> !Seasons<br /> |-<br /> ! 1<br /> |{{nowrap|{{flagicon|GBR}} '''[[McLaren]]'''}}<br /> |align=center| 6<br /> | [[Monaco Grand Prix]]<br /> | [[1988 Monaco Grand Prix|1988]], [[1989 Monaco Grand Prix|1989]], [[1990 Monaco Grand Prix|1990]], [[1991 Monaco Grand Prix|1991]], [[1992 Monaco Grand Prix|1992]], [[1993 Monaco Grand Prix|1993]]<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=3 align=center| 2<br /> |{{nowrap|{{flagicon|GBR}} '''[[McLaren]]'''}}<br /> |rowspan=3 align=center| 5<br /> | [[Belgian Grand Prix]]<br /> | [[1987 Belgian Grand Prix|1987]], [[1988 Belgian Grand Prix|1988]], [[1989 Belgian Grand Prix|1989]], [[1990 Belgian Grand Prix|1990]], [[1991 Belgian Grand Prix|1991]]<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=2| {{nowrap|{{flagicon|ITA}} '''[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]'''}}<br /> | [[Japanese Grand Prix]]<br /> | [[2000 Japanese Grand Prix|2000]], [[2001 Japanese Grand Prix|2001]], [[2002 Japanese Grand Prix|2002]], [[2003 Japanese Grand Prix|2003]], [[2004 Japanese Grand Prix|2004]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[United States Grand Prix]]<br /> | [[2002 United States Grand Prix|2002]], [[2003 United States Grand Prix|2003]], [[2004 United States Grand Prix|2004]], [[2005 United States Grand Prix|2005]], [[2006 United States Grand Prix|2006]]<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=8 align=center| 5<br /> |rowspan=3|{{nowrap|{{flagicon|ITA}} '''[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]'''}}<br /> |rowspan=8 align=&quot;center&quot;| 4<br /> | [[British Grand Prix]]<br /> | [[1951 British Grand Prix|1951]], [[1952 British Grand Prix|1952]], [[1953 British Grand Prix|1953]], [[1954 British Grand Prix|1954]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[Australian Grand Prix]]<br /> | [[1999 Australian Grand Prix|1999]], [[2000 Australian Grand Prix|2000]], [[2001 Australian Grand Prix|2001]], [[2002 Australian Grand Prix|2002]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[Spanish Grand Prix]]<br /> | [[2001 Spanish Grand Prix|2001]], [[2002 Spanish Grand Prix|2002]], [[2003 Spanish Grand Prix|2003]], [[2004 Spanish Grand Prix|2004]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{nowrap|{{flagicon|GBR}} [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]}}<br /> | [[Belgian Grand Prix]]<br /> | [[1962 Belgian Grand Prix|1962]], [[1963 Belgian Grand Prix|1963]], [[1964 Belgian Grand Prix|1964]], [[1965 Belgian Grand Prix|1965]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{nowrap|{{flagicon|GBR}} [[British Racing Motors|BRM]]}}<br /> | [[Monaco Grand Prix]]<br /> | [[1963 Monaco Grand Prix|1963]], [[1964 Monaco Grand Prix|1964]], [[1965 Monaco Grand Prix|1965]], [[1966 Monaco Grand Prix|1966]]<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=2|{{nowrap|{{flagicon|GBR}} '''[[WilliamsF1|Williams]]'''}}<br /> | [[Spanish Grand Prix]]<br /> | [[1991 Spanish Grand Prix|1991]], [[1992 Spanish Grand Prix|1992]], [[1993 Spanish Grand Prix|1993]], [[1994 Spanish Grand Prix|1994]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[British Grand Prix]]<br /> | [[1991 British Grand Prix|1991]], [[1992 British Grand Prix|1992]], [[1993 British Grand Prix|1993]], [[1994 British Grand Prix|1994]]<br /> |-<br /> |{{nowrap|{{flagicon|GER}} '''[[Mercedes-Benz in Formula One|Mercedes]]'''}}<br /> | [[Monaco Grand Prix]]<br /> | [[2013 Monaco Grand Prix|2013]], [[2014 Monaco Grand Prix|2014]], [[2015 Monaco Grand Prix|2015]], [[2016 Monaco Grand Prix|2016]]<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === 1-2 finishes ===<br /> <br /> ====Most 1-2 finishes in a season====<br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !<br /> !Constructor<br /> !Season<br /> !Races<br /> !1-2s<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> !1<br /> | align=&quot;left&quot;|{{flagicon|DEU}} '''[[Mercedes-Benz in Formula One|Mercedes]]'''<br /> |[[2015 Formula One season|2015]]<br /> |19<br /> |12<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> !2<br /> | align=&quot;left&quot;|{{flagicon|DEU}} '''[[Mercedes-Benz in Formula One|Mercedes]]'''<br /> |[[2014 Formula One season|2014]]<br /> |19<br /> |11<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> !3<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{flagicon|GBR}} '''[[McLaren]]'''<br /> |[[1988 Formula One season|1988]]<br /> |16<br /> |10<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> !4<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{flagicon|ITA}} '''[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]'''<br /> |[[2002 Formula One season|2002]]<br /> |17<br /> |9<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> !5<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{flagicon|ITA}} '''[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]'''<br /> |[[2004 Formula One season|2004]]<br /> |18<br /> |8<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|6<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{flagicon|GBR}} '''[[Williams F1|Williams]]'''<br /> |[[1992 Formula One season|1992]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|16<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|6<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{flagicon|GBR}} '''[[Williams F1|Williams]]'''<br /> |[[1996 Formula One season|1996]]<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> !rowspan=&quot;8&quot;|8<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{flagicon|GBR}} '''[[McLaren]]'''<br /> |[[1998 Formula One season|1998]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;|16<br /> |rowspan=&quot;8&quot;|4<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{flagicon|GBR}} '''[[McLaren]]'''<br /> |[[1989 Formula One season|1989]]<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{flagicon|GBR}} '''[[McLaren]]'''<br /> |[[1984 Formula One season|1984]]<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{flagicon|GBR}} [[Brawn GP|Brawn]]<br /> |[[2009 Formula One season|2009]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;|17<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{flagicon|GBR}} '''[[McLaren]]'''<br /> |[[2007 Formula One season|2007]]<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{flagicon|AUT}} '''[[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]'''<br /> |[[2009 Formula One season|2009]]<br /> <br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{flagicon|AUT}} '''[[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]'''<br /> |[[2010 Formula One season|2010]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|19<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{flagicon|AUT}} '''[[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]'''<br /> |[[2013 Formula One season|2013]]<br /> <br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Most consecutive 1-2 finishes====<br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !<br /> !Constructor<br /> !Season(s)<br /> !1-2s<br /> !Consecutive races with 1-2 finish<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| 1<br /> |{{flagicon|ITA}} '''[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]'''<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;|[[2002 Formula One season|2002]]<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; rowspan=&quot;3&quot;|5<br /> |[[2002 Hungarian Grand Prix|Hungarian]], [[2002 Belgian Grand Prix|Belgian]], [[2002 Italian Grand Prix|Italian]], [[2002 United States Grand Prix|United States]], [[2002 Japanese Grand Prix|Japanese]]<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|{{flagicon|DEU}} '''[[Mercedes-Benz in Formula One|Mercedes]]'''<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;|[[2014 Formula One season|2014]]<br /> |[[2014 Malaysian Grand Prix|Malaysian]], [[2014 Bahrain Grand Prix|Bahrain]], [[2014 Chinese Grand Prix|Chinese]], [[2014 Spanish Grand Prix|Spanish]], [[2014 Monaco Grand Prix|Monaco]]<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;|[[2015 Formula One season|2015]]–[[2016 Formula One season|2016]]<br /> |[[2015 United States Grand Prix|United States]], [[2015 Mexican Grand Prix|Mexican]], [[2015 Brazilian Grand Prix|Brazilian]], [[2015 Abu Dhabi Grand Prix|Abu Dhabi]] / [[2016 Australian Grand Prix|'16 Australian]]<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|4<br /> | {{flagicon|DEU}} '''[[Mercedes-Benz in Formula One|Mercedes]]'''<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;|[[2014 Formula One season|2014]]<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|4<br /> |[[2014 Japanese Grand Prix|Japanese]], [[2014 Russian Grand Prix|Russian]], [[2014 United States Grand Prix|United States]], [[2014 Brazilian Grand Prix|Brazilian]]<br /> |-<br /> |{{flagicon|GBR}} '''[[McLaren]]'''<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;|[[1988 Formula One season|1988]]<br /> |[[1988 Mexican Grand Prix|Mexican]], [[1988 Canadian Grand Prix|Canadian]], [[1988 Detroit Grand Prix|Detroit]], [[1988 French Grand Prix|French]]<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=&quot;5&quot;|6<br /> |{{flagicon|GBR}} '''[[McLaren]]'''<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;|[[1988 Formula One season|1988]]<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; rowspan=&quot;5&quot;|3<br /> |[[1988 German Grand Prix|German]], [[1988 Hungarian Grand Prix|Hungarian]], [[1988 Belgian Grand Prix|Belgian]]<br /> |-<br /> |{{flagicon|GBR}} '''[[Williams F1|Williams]]'''<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;|[[1992 Formula One season|1992]]<br /> |[[1992 South African Grand Prix|South African]], [[1992 Mexican Grand Prix|Mexican]], [[1992 Brazilian Grand Prix|Brazilian]]<br /> |-<br /> |{{flagicon|ITA}} '''[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]'''<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;|[[2004 Formula One season|2004]]<br /> |[[2004 European Grand Prix|European]], [[2004 Canadian Grand Prix|Canadian]], [[2004 United States Grand Prix|United States]]<br /> |-<br /> |{{flagicon|DEU}} '''[[Mercedes-Benz in Formula One|Mercedes]]'''<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot;|[[2015 Formula One season|2015]]<br /> |[[2015 Canadian Grand Prix|Canadian]], [[2015 Austrian Grand Prix|Austrian]], [[2015 British Grand Prix|British]]<br /> |-<br /> <br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Podiums===<br /> <br /> ====Total podiums====<br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !<br /> !Constructor<br /> !Podium&lt;br /&gt;finishes<br /> !Podium&lt;br /&gt;races*<br /> !Seasons<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> !1<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{flagicon|ITA}} '''[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]'''<br /> |703<br /> |527<br /> |[[1950 Formula One season|1950]]–[[2016 Formula One season|2016]]<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> !2<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{flagicon|GBR}} '''[[McLaren]]'''<br /> |485<br /> |391<br /> |[[1966 Formula One season|1966]]–[[2016 Formula One season|2016]]<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> !3<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{flagicon|GBR}} '''[[Williams F1|Williams]]'''<br /> |311<br /> |242<br /> |[[1978 Formula One season|1978]]–[[2016 Formula One season|2016]]<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> !4<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{flagicon|GBR}} [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]<br /> |172<br /> |157<br /> |[[1958 Formula One season|1958]]–[[1994 Formula One season|1994]]<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> !5<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{flagicon|GBR}} [[Brabham]]<br /> |124<br /> |106<br /> |[[1962 Formula One season|1962]]–[[1987 Formula One season|1987]], [[1989 Formula One season|1989]]–[[1992 Formula One season|1992]]<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> !6<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{flagicon|AUT}} '''[[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]'''<br /> |122<br /> |88<br /> |[[2005 Formula One season|2005]]–[[2016 Formula One season|2016]]<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> !7<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{flagicon|DEU}} '''[[Mercedes-Benz in Formula One|Mercedes]]'''<br /> |104<br /> |67<br /> |[[1954 Formula One season|1954]]–[[1955 Formula One season|1955]], [[2010 Formula One season|2010]]–[[2016 Formula One season|2016]]<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> !8<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{flagicon|GBR}}/{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Benetton Formula|Benetton]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Benetton&quot; group=&quot;N&quot; /&gt;<br /> |102<br /> |94<br /> |[[1986 Formula One season|1986]]–[[2001 Formula One season|2001]]<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> !9<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{flagicon|FRA}}/{{flagicon|GBR}} '''[[Renault in Formula One|Renault]]'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Renault&quot; group=&quot;N&quot; /&gt;<br /> |100<br /> |88<br /> |[[1977 Formula One season|1977]]–[[1985 Formula One season|1985]], [[2002 Formula One season|2002]]–[[2011 Formula One season|2011]], [[2016 Formula One season|2016]]<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> !10<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{flagicon|GBR}} [[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell]]<br /> |77<br /> |66<br /> |[[1970 Formula One season|1970]]–[[1998 Formula One season|1998]]<br /> |}<br /> &lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt; Races in which the constructor scored one or more podium finishes<br /> <br /> ====Consecutive podiums====<br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !<br /> !Constructor<br /> !Podiums<br /> !Season(s)<br /> !Races<br /> |-<br /> !1<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} '''[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]'''<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;|53<br /> |[[1999 Formula One season|1999]]–[[2002 Formula One season|2002]]<br /> |[[1999 Malaysian Grand Prix]]–[[2002 Japanese Grand Prix]]<br /> |-<br /> !2<br /> | {{flagicon|DEU}} '''[[Mercedes-Benz in Formula One|Mercedes]]'''<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;|28<br /> |[[2014 Formula One season|2014]]–[[2015 Formula One season|2015]]<br /> |[[2014 Australian Grand Prix]]–[[2015 British Grand Prix]]<br /> |-<br /> !3<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} '''[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]'''<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;|22<br /> |[[2003 Formula One season|2003]]–[[2005 Formula One season|2005]]<br /> |[[2003 Italian Grand Prix]]–[[2005 Australian Grand Prix]]<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=2|4<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} '''[[McLaren]]'''<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|19<br /> |[[2007 Formula One season|2007]]–[[2008 Formula One season|2008]]<br /> |[[2007 Australian Grand Prix]]–[[2008 Malaysian Grand Prix]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|AUT}} '''[[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]'''<br /> |[[2010 Formula One season|2010]]–[[2011 Formula One season|2011]]<br /> |[[2010 Brazilian Grand Prix]]–[[2011 Indian Grand Prix]]<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|6<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} '''[[Williams F1|Williams]]'''<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|17<br /> |[[1993 Formula One season|1993]]–[[1994 Formula One season|1994]]<br /> |[[1993 South African Grand Prix]]–[[1994 Brazilian Grand Prix]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}}/{{flagicon|GBR}} '''[[Renault in Formula One|Renault]]'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Renault&quot; group=&quot;N&quot; /&gt;<br /> |[[2005 Formula One season|2005]]–[[2006 Formula One season|2006]]<br /> |[[2005 Turkish Grand Prix]]–[[2006 French Grand Prix]]<br /> |-<br /> !8<br /> | {{flagicon|AUT}} '''[[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]'''<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;|14<br /> |[[2013 Formula One season|2013]]<br /> |[[2013 Monaco Grand Prix]]–[[2013 Brazilian Grand Prix]]<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=2|9<br /> |rowspan=2| {{flagicon|GBR}} '''[[McLaren]]'''<br /> |align=center rowspan=2|13<br /> |[[1990 Formula One season|1990]]<br /> |[[1990 United States Grand Prix]]–[[1990 Portuguese Grand Prix]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[2011 Formula One season|2011]]–[[2012 Formula One season|2012]]<br /> |[[2011 German Grand Prix]]–[[2012 Chinese Grand Prix]]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Most podiums in a season====<br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !<br /> !Constructor<br /> !Seasons<br /> !Podiums<br /> !Season Races<br /> !Percentage<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> !1<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{flagicon|DEU}} '''[[Mercedes-Benz in Formula One|Mercedes]]'''<br /> |2015<br /> |32<br /> |19<br /> |84.2%<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> !2<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{flagicon|DEU}} '''[[Mercedes-Benz in Formula One|Mercedes]]'''<br /> |2014<br /> |31<br /> |19<br /> |81.6%<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> !3<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|ITA}} '''[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]'''<br /> |2004<br /> |29<br /> |18<br /> |80.6%<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> !rowspan=2|4<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|ITA}} '''[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]'''<br /> |2002<br /> |rowspan=2|27<br /> |17<br /> |79.4%<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|AUT}} '''[[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]'''<br /> |2011<br /> |19<br /> |71.1%<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> !6<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{flagicon|GBR}} '''[[McLaren]]'''<br /> |1988<br /> |25<br /> |16<br /> |78.1%<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> !rowspan=2|7<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|ITA}} '''[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]'''<br /> |2001<br /> |rowspan=2|24<br /> |rowspan=2|19<br /> |rowspan=2|63.2%<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|AUT}} '''[[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]'''<br /> |2013<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> !rowspan=2|9<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|ITA}} '''[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]'''<br /> |2007<br /> |rowspan=2|22<br /> |17<br /> |64.7%<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} '''[[Williams F1|Williams]]'''<br /> |1993<br /> |16<br /> |68.8%<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Pole positions===<br /> <br /> ====Total pole positions====<br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !<br /> !Constructor<br /> !Seasons<br /> !Poles<br /> |-<br /> !1<br /> |{{flagicon|ITA}} '''[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]'''<br /> |[[1950 Formula One season|1950]]–[[2016 Formula One season|2016]]<br /> |align=center|208<br /> |-<br /> !2<br /> |{{flagicon|GBR}} '''[[McLaren]]'''<br /> |[[1966 Formula One season|1966]]–[[2016 Formula One season|2016]]<br /> |align=center|155<br /> |-<br /> !3<br /> |{{flagicon|GBR}} '''[[Williams F1|Williams]]'''<br /> |[[1978 Formula One season|1978]]–[[2016 Formula One season|2016]]<br /> |align=center|128<br /> |-<br /> !4<br /> |{{flagicon|GBR}} [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]<br /> |[[1958 Formula One season|1958]]–[[1994 Formula One season|1994]]<br /> |align=center|107<br /> |-<br /> !5<br /> |{{flagicon|DEU}} '''[[Mercedes-Benz in Formula One|Mercedes]]'''<br /> |[[1954 Formula One season|1954]]–[[1955 Formula One season|1955]], [[2010 Formula One season|2010]]–[[2016 Formula One season|2016]]<br /> |align=center|59<br /> |-<br /> !6<br /> |{{flagicon|AUT}} '''[[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]'''<br /> |[[2005 Formula One season|2005]]–[[2016 Formula One season|2016]]<br /> |align=center|58<br /> |-<br /> !7<br /> |{{flagicon|FRA}}/{{flagicon|GBR}} '''[[Renault in Formula One|Renault]]'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Renault&quot; group=&quot;N&quot; /&gt;<br /> |[[1977 Formula One season|1977]]–[[1985 Formula One season|1985]], [[2002 Formula One season|2002]]–[[2011 Formula One season|2011]], [[2016 Formula One season|2016]]<br /> |align=center|51<br /> |-<br /> !8<br /> |{{flagicon|GBR}} [[Brabham]]<br /> |[[1962 Formula One season|1962]]–[[1987 Formula One season|1987]], [[1989 Formula One season|1989]]–[[1992 Formula One season|1992]]<br /> |align=center|39<br /> |-<br /> !9<br /> |{{flagicon|GBR}}/{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Benetton Formula|Benetton]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Benetton&quot; group=&quot;N&quot; /&gt;<br /> |[[1986 Formula One season|1986]]–[[2001 Formula One season|2001]]<br /> |align=center|15<br /> |-<br /> !10<br /> |{{flagicon|GBR}} [[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell]]<br /> |[[1970 Formula One season|1970]]–[[1998 Formula One season|1998]]<br /> |align=center|14<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Most pole positions in a season====<br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !<br /> !Constructor<br /> !Season<br /> !Races<br /> !Poles<br /> !Percentage<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> !rowspan=&quot;3&quot;|1<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{flagicon|AUT}} '''[[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]'''<br /> |[[2011 Formula One season|2011]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;|19<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;|18<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;|94.7%<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|DEU}} '''[[Mercedes-Benz in Formula One|Mercedes]]'''<br /> |[[2014 Formula One season|2014]]<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> |[[2015 Formula One season|2015]]<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> !rowspan=&quot;5&quot;|4<br /> |align=left rowspan=2| {{flagicon|GBR}} '''[[McLaren]]'''<br /> |[[1988 Formula One season|1988]]<br /> |16<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot; rowspan=&quot;5&quot;|15<br /> |93.8%<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> |[[1989 Formula One season|1989]]<br /> |16<br /> |93.8%<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> |align=left rowspan=2| {{flagicon|GBR}} '''[[Williams Grand Prix Engineering|Williams]]'''<br /> |[[1992 Formula One season|1992]]<br /> |16<br /> |93.8%<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> |[[1993 Formula One season|1993]]<br /> |16<br /> |93.8%<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{flagicon|AUT}} '''[[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]'''<br /> |[[2010 Formula One season|2010]]<br /> |19<br /> |78.9%<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> !rowspan=&quot;7&quot;|9<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{flagicon|GBR}} [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]<br /> |[[1978 Formula One season|1978]]<br /> |16<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot; rowspan=&quot;7&quot;|12<br /> |75.0%<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> |align=left rowspan=3|{{flagicon|GBR}} '''[[Williams Grand Prix Engineering|Williams]]'''<br /> |[[1987 Formula One season|1987]]<br /> |16<br /> |75.0%<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> |[[1996 Formula One season|1996]]<br /> |16<br /> |75.0%<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> |[[1995 Formula One season|1995]]<br /> |17<br /> |70.6%<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> |align=left rowspan=2|{{flagicon|GBR}} '''[[McLaren]]'''<br /> |[[1990 Formula One season|1990]]<br /> |16<br /> |75.0%<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> |[[1998 Formula One season|1998]]<br /> |16<br /> |75.0%<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{flagicon|ITA}} '''[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]'''<br /> |[[2004 Formula One season|2004]]<br /> |18<br /> |66.7%<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Fastest laps===<br /> <br /> ====Total fastest laps====<br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !<br /> !Constructor<br /> !Seasons<br /> !Fastest laps<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> !1<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{flagicon|ITA}} '''[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]'''<br /> |[[1950 Formula One season|1950]]–[[2016 Formula One season|2016]]<br /> |233<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> !2<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{flagicon|GBR}} '''[[McLaren]]'''<br /> |[[1966 Formula One season|1966]]–[[2016 Formula One season|2016]]<br /> |152 &lt;!-- There is some dispute over this figure; this number matches the [[McLaren]] article --&gt;<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> !3<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{flagicon|GBR}} '''[[Williams F1|Williams]]'''<br /> |[[1978 Formula One season|1978]]–[[2016 Formula One season|2016]]<br /> |133<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> !4<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{flagicon|GBR}} [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]<br /> |[[1958 Formula One season|1958]]–[[1994 Formula One season|1994]]<br /> |71<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> !5<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{flagicon|AUT}} '''[[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]'''<br /> |[[2005 Formula One season|2005]]–[[2016 Formula One season|2016]]<br /> |49<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> !6<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{flagicon|DEU}} '''[[Mercedes-Benz in Formula One|Mercedes]]'''<br /> |[[1954 Formula One season|1954]]–[[1955 Formula One season|1955]], [[2010 Formula One season|2010]]–[[2016 Formula One season|2016]]<br /> |42<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> !7<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{flagicon|GBR}} [[Brabham]]<br /> |[[1962 Formula One season|1962]]–[[1987 Formula One season|1987]], [[1989 Formula One season|1989]]–[[1992 Formula One season|1992]]<br /> |41<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> !8<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{flagicon|GBR}}/{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Benetton Formula|Benetton]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Benetton&quot; group=&quot;N&quot; /&gt;<br /> |[[1986 Formula One season|1986]]–[[2001 Formula One season|2001]]<br /> |36<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> !9<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{flagicon|FRA}}/{{flagicon|GBR}} '''[[Renault in Formula One|Renault]]'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Renault&quot; group=&quot;N&quot; /&gt;<br /> |[[1977 Formula One season|1977]]–[[1985 Formula One season|1985]], [[2002 Formula One season|2002]]–[[2011 Formula One season|2011]], [[2016 Formula One season|2016]]<br /> |31<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> !10<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{flagicon|GBR}} [[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell]]<br /> |[[1970 Formula One season|1970]]–[[1998 Formula One season|1998]]<br /> |20<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Points===<br /> Throughout the history of the World Championship, the points-scoring positions and the number of points awarded to each position have varied&amp;nbsp;— see the [[List of Formula One World Championship points scoring systems]] for details.<br /> <br /> ====Total points====<br /> (ordered by number of Constructors' Championship points)<br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !<br /> !Constructor<br /> !WCC Points<br /> !WDC Points<br /> |-<br /> !1<br /> |{{flagicon|ITA}} '''[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]'''<br /> |6409.5<br /> |7311.27<br /> |-<br /> !2<br /> |{{flagicon|GBR}} '''[[McLaren]]'''<br /> |5064.5<br /> |5382.5<br /> |-<br /> !3<br /> |{{flagicon|GBR}} '''[[Williams F1|Williams]]'''<br /> |3413<br /> |3419<br /> |-<br /> !4<br /> |{{flagicon|AUT}} '''[[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]'''<br /> |3182.5<br /> |3182.5<br /> |-<br /> !5<br /> |{{flagicon|DEU}} '''[[Mercedes-Benz in Formula One|Mercedes]]'''<br /> |2508<br /> |2647.14<br /> |-<br /> !6<br /> |{{flagicon|GBR}} [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]<br /> |1368<br /> |1514<br /> |-<br /> !7<br /> |{{flagicon|FRA}}/{{flagicon|GBR}} '''[[Renault in Formula One|Renault]]'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Renault&quot; group=&quot;N&quot; /&gt;<br /> |1324<br /> |1324<br /> |-<br /> !8<br /> |{{flagicon|GBR}} [[Brabham]]<br /> |864<br /> |983<br /> |-<br /> !9<br /> |{{flagicon|GBR}}/{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Benetton Formula|Benetton]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Benetton&quot; group=&quot;N&quot; /&gt;<br /> |851.5<br /> |861.5<br /> |-<br /> !10<br /> |{{flagicon|CHE}}/{{flagicon|DEU}} '''[[Sauber]]'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Sauber&quot; group=&quot;N&quot; /&gt;<br /> |810<br /> |810<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Most Championship points in a season====<br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !<br /> !Constructor<br /> !Points<br /> !Season<br /> !WCC<br /> !Races<br /> !Average<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> !1<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{flagicon|DEU}} '''[[Mercedes-Benz in Formula One|Mercedes]]'''<br /> |703<br /> |[[2015 Formula One season|2015]]<br /> |1st<br /> |19<br /> |37.00<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> !2<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{flagicon|DEU}} '''[[Mercedes-Benz in Formula One|Mercedes]]'''<br /> |701<br /> |[[2014 Formula One season|2014]]<br /> |1st<br /> |19<br /> |36.89<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> !3<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{flagicon|AUT}} '''[[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]'''<br /> |650<br /> |[[2011 Formula One season|2011]]<br /> |1st<br /> |19<br /> |34.21<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> !4<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{flagicon|AUT}} '''[[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]'''<br /> |596<br /> |[[2013 Formula One season|2013]]<br /> |1st<br /> |19<br /> |31.37<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> !5<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{flagicon|AUT}} '''[[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]'''<br /> |498<br /> |[[2010 Formula One season|2010]]<br /> |1st<br /> |19<br /> |26.21<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> !6<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{flagicon|GBR}} '''[[McLaren]]'''<br /> |497<br /> |[[2011 Formula One season|2011]]<br /> |2nd<br /> |19<br /> |26.16<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> !7<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{flagicon|AUT}} '''[[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]'''<br /> |460<br /> |[[2012 Formula One season|2012]]<br /> |1st<br /> |20<br /> |23.00<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> !8<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{flagicon|GBR}} '''[[McLaren]]'''<br /> |454<br /> |[[2010 Formula One season|2010]]<br /> |2nd<br /> |19<br /> |23.89<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> !9<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{flagicon|ITA}} '''[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]'''<br /> |428<br /> |[[2015 Formula One season|2015]]<br /> |2nd<br /> |19<br /> |22.53<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> !10<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{flagicon|AUT}} '''[[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]'''<br /> |405<br /> |[[2014 Formula One season|2014]]<br /> |2nd<br /> |19<br /> |21.32<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Highest percentage of points in a season====<br /> (100% would be scoring full available constructors points at every race)<br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !<br /> !Constructor<br /> !Season<br /> !Points&lt;br&gt;Scored<br /> !Total&lt;br&gt;Available<br /> !Percentage<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> !1<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{flagicon|DEU}} '''[[Mercedes-Benz in Formula One|Mercedes]]'''<br /> |[[2015 Formula One season|2015]]<br /> |703<br /> |817<br /> |86.0%<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> !2<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{flagicon|GBR}} '''[[McLaren]]'''<br /> |[[1988 Formula One season|1988]]<br /> |199<br /> |240<br /> |82.9%<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> !3<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{flagicon|GER}} '''[[Mercedes-Benz in Formula One|Mercedes]]'''<br /> |[[2014 Formula One season|2014]]<br /> |701<br /> |860<br /> |81.5%<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> !4<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{flagicon|ITA}} '''[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]'''<br /> |[[2002 Formula One season|2002]]<br /> |221<br /> |272<br /> |81.3%<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> !5<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{flagicon|ITA}} '''[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]'''<br /> |[[2004 Formula One season|2004]]<br /> |262<br /> |324<br /> |80.9%<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> !6<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{flagicon|AUT}} '''[[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]'''<br /> |[[2011 Formula One season|2011]]<br /> |650<br /> |817<br /> |79.6%<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> !7<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{flagicon|AUT}} '''[[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]'''<br /> |[[2013 Formula One season|2013]]<br /> |596<br /> |817<br /> |72.9%<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> !8<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{flagicon|GBR}} '''[[Williams F1|Williams]]'''<br /> |[[1996 Formula One season|1996]]<br /> |175<br /> |256<br /> |68.4%<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> !9<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{flagicon|ITA}} '''[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]'''<br /> |[[2007 Formula One season|2007]]<br /> |204<br /> |306<br /> |66.7%<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> !10<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{flagicon|ITA}} '''[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]'''<br /> |[[2001 Formula One season|2001]]<br /> |179<br /> |272<br /> |65.8%<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Constructors' championships===<br /> <br /> ====Total championships====<br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !<br /> !Constructor<br /> !WCC<br /> !Seasons<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> !1<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{flagicon|ITA}} '''[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]'''<br /> |16<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{F1|1961}}, {{F1|1964}}, {{F1|1975}}, {{F1|1976}}, {{F1|1977}}, {{F1|1979}}, {{F1|1982}}, {{F1|1983}}, {{F1|1999}}, {{F1|2000}}, {{F1|2001}}, {{F1|2002}}, {{F1|2003}}, {{F1|2004}}, {{F1|2007}}, {{F1|2008}} &lt;!-- Please do not remove {{F1|2008}} - this is a list of *Constructors* Championships; Ferrari won the 2008 Constructors Championship --&gt;<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> !2<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{flagicon|GBR}} '''[[Williams F1|Williams]]'''<br /> |9<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|[[1980 Formula One season|1980]], [[1981 Formula One season|1981]], [[1986 Formula One season|1986]], [[1987 Formula One season|1987]], [[1992 Formula One season|1992]], [[1993 Formula One season|1993]], [[1994 Formula One season|1994]], [[1996 Formula One season|1996]], [[1997 Formula One season|1997]]<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> !3<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{flagicon|GBR}} '''[[McLaren]]'''<br /> |8<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{F1|1974}}, {{F1|1984}}, {{F1|1985}}, {{F1|1988}}, {{F1|1989}}, {{F1|1990}}, {{F1|1991}}, {{F1|1998}} &lt;!-- Please do not add {{F1|2008}} - this is a list of *Constructors* Championships; Ferrari won the 2008 Constructors Championship --&gt;<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> !4<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{flagicon|GBR}} [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]<br /> |7<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|[[1963 Formula One season|1963]], [[1965 Formula One season|1965]], [[1968 Formula One season|1968]], [[1970 Formula One season|1970]], [[1972 Formula One season|1972]], [[1973 Formula One season|1973]], [[1978 Formula One season|1978]]<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> !5<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{flagicon|AUT}} '''[[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]'''<br /> |4<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|[[2010 Formula One season|2010]], [[2011 Formula One season|2011]], [[2012 Formula One season|2012]], [[2013 Formula One season|2013]]<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> !rowspan=&quot;4&quot;|6<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{flagicon|GBR}} [[Cooper Car Company|Cooper]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot; rowspan=&quot;4&quot;|2<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|[[1959 Formula One season|1959]], [[1960 Formula One season|1960]]<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{flagicon|GBR}} [[Brabham]]<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|[[1966 Formula One season|1966]], [[1967 Formula One season|1967]]<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Renault F1|Renault]]<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|[[2005 Formula One season|2005]], [[2006 Formula One season|2006]]<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{flagicon|DEU}} '''[[Mercedes-Benz in Formula One|Mercedes]]'''<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{F1|2014}}, {{F1|2015}}<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> !rowspan=&quot;7&quot;|10<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{flagicon|GBR}} [[Vanwall]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot; rowspan=&quot;7&quot;|1<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{F1|1958}}<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{flagicon|GBR}} [[British Racing Motors|BRM]]<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{F1|1962}}<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Equipe Matra Sports|Matra]]<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{F1|1969}}<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{flagicon|GBR}} [[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell]]<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{F1|1971}}<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{flagicon|GBR}}/{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Benetton Formula|Benetton]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Benetton&quot; group=&quot;N&quot; /&gt;<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{F1|1995}}<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{flagicon|GBR}} [[Brawn GP|Brawn]]<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{F1|2009}}<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ====Consecutive championships====<br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !<br /> !Constructor<br /> !WCC<br /> !Seasons<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> !1<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{flagicon|ITA}} '''[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]'''<br /> |6<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{F1|1999}}, {{F1|2000}}, {{F1|2001}}, {{F1|2002}}, {{F1|2003}}, {{F1|2004}}<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> !rowspan=2| 2<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{flagicon|GBR}} '''[[McLaren]]'''<br /> |rowspan=2| 4<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{F1|1988}}, {{F1|1989}}, {{F1|1990}}, {{F1|1991}}<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{flagicon|AUT}} '''[[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]'''<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{F1|2010}}, {{F1|2011}}, {{F1|2012}}, {{F1|2013}}<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> !rowspan=2| 4<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{flagicon|ITA}} '''[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]'''<br /> |rowspan=2| 3<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{F1|1975}}, {{F1|1976}}, {{F1|1977}}<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{flagicon|GBR}} '''[[Williams Grand Prix Engineering|Williams]]'''<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|[[1992 Formula One season|1992]], [[1993 Formula One season|1993]], [[1994 Formula One season|1994]]<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;11&quot; | 6<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{flagicon|GBR}} [[Cooper Car Company|Cooper]]<br /> |rowspan=11| 2<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|[[1959 Formula One season|1959]], [[1960 Formula One season|1960]]<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{flagicon|GBR}} [[Brabham]]<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|[[1966 Formula One season|1966]], [[1967 Formula One season|1967]]<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{flagicon|GBR}} [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|[[1972 Formula One season|1972]], [[1973 Formula One season|1973]]<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot; rowspan=3|{{flagicon|GBR}} '''[[Williams Grand Prix Engineering|Williams]]'''<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|[[1980 Formula One season|1980]], [[1981 Formula One season|1981]]<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|[[1986 Formula One season|1986]], [[1987 Formula One season|1987]]<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|[[1996 Formula One season|1996]], [[1997 Formula One season|1997]]<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot; rowspan=2|{{flagicon|ITA}} '''[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]'''<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{F1|1982}}, {{F1|1983}}<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{F1|2007}}, {{F1|2008}}<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{flagicon|GBR}} '''[[McLaren]]'''<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{F1|1984}}, {{F1|1985}}<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Renault in Formula One|Renault]]<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|[[2005 Formula One season|2005]], [[2006 Formula One season|2006]]<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{flagicon|DEU}} '''[[Mercedes-Benz in Formula One|Mercedes]]'''<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;|{{F1|2014}}, {{F1|2015}}<br /> |- align=&quot;center&quot;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Driver records== <br /> {{main|List of Formula One driver records}}<br /> <br /> ==Engines records==<br /> :''See: [[Formula One engines#Records|Formula One engines]]''<br /> <br /> ==Tyres records==<br /> :''See: [[Formula One tyres#Records|Formula One tyres]]''<br /> <br /> ==Race records==<br /> {{main|List of Formula One race records}}<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[List of Formula One drivers]]<br /> * [[List of Formula One World Drivers' Champions]]<br /> * [[List of Formula One constructors]]<br /> * [[List of Formula One World Constructors' Champions]]<br /> * [[Formula One tyres]]<br /> <br /> ==Notes==<br /> {{reflist|group=&quot;N&quot;}}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * [http://chicanef1.dyndns.org/records.pl Race wins] ChicaneF1<br /> * [http://www.statsf1.com StatsF1]<br /> * [http://www.4mula1.ro/statistics/driver/ Formula1 Driver Grand Prix Run Statistics] 4mula1<br /> * [http://cliptheapex.com/community/overtaking/ Formula One Overtaking Database]<br /> <br /> [[Category:Formula One-related lists|Records]]<br /> [[Category:Auto racing records|Formula One]]</div> Tulumino https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MDAX&diff=636535237 MDAX 2014-12-04T00:23:40Z <p>Tulumino: /* Companies */ some additions</p> <hr /> <div>{{Infobox Index<br /> |name = MDAX<br /> |logo = [[Image:MDAX.svg|220px]]<br /> |foundation = 19 January 1996<br /> |operator = [[Deutsche Börse]]<br /> |exchanges = [[Frankfurt Stock Exchange]]<br /> |constituents = 50<br /> |cap_level = Mid-cap, non-technology sectors<br /> |mcap = [[Euro|€]]42.9 billion &lt;small&gt;(end 2008)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://deutsche-boerse.com/INTERNET/IP/ip_stats.nsf/(KIR+Kennzahlen+MDAX+E)/686C772B4DBFBD4AC125752F00626E72/$FILE/MDAX_Weighting_File.20081230.xls?OpenElement|title=MDAX Weighting 30.12.2008|date=30 December 2008|publisher=[[Deutsche Börse]]|accessdate=2009-03-21}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |weighting = [[Capitalization-weighted index|Capitalization-weighted]]<br /> |related = [[DAX]], [[TecDAX]], [[SDAX]]<br /> |homepage = [http://deutsche-boerse.com/dbag/dispatch/en/kir/gdb_navigation/home?wp=DE0008467416 MDAX homepage]<br /> }}<br /> <br /> The '''MDAX''' is a stock index which lists German companies. The index is calculated by [[Deutsche Börse]].<br /> <br /> It includes the 50 [[Prime Standard]] shares from sectors excluding [[technology]] that rank immediately below the companies included in the [[DAX]] index. The company size is based on terms of [[order book]] volume and [[market capitalization]].<br /> <br /> The index is based on prices generated in the electronic trading system [[Xetra (trading system)|Xetra]].<br /> <br /> ==Companies==<br /> The following 50 companies make up the index as of the quarterly review effective on 4 December 2014.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Unscheduled component changes in MDAX and SDAX |url=http://dax-indices.com/EN/index.aspx?pageID=21&amp;NewsID=1521|publisher=[[Deutsche Börse]]|accessdate=3 December 2014|date=1 December 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; id=&quot;constituents&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Constituent !! Ticker !! Sector<br /> |-<br /> | [[Aareal Bank]] || {{FWB link|ARL}} || Banking<br /> |-<br /> | [[EADS|Airbus Group]] (former EADS) || {{FWB link|AIR}} ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[Aurubis]] || {{FWB link|NDA}} || <br /> |-<br /> | [[Axel Springer AG|Axel Springer]] || {{FWB link|SPR}} || Media<br /> |-<br /> | [[Bilfinger]] || {{FWB link|GBF}} || Construction<br /> |-<br /> | [[Brenntag]] || {{FWB link|BNR}} || Trading (Chemicals)<br /> |-<br /> | [[Celesio]] || {{FWB link|CLS1}} || Trading (Pharma)<br /> |-<br /> | [[Deutsche Annington]] || {{FWB link|ANN}} || Real Estate<br /> |-<br /> | [[Deutsche EuroShop]] || {{FWB link|DEQ}} ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[Deutsche Wohnen]] || {{FWB link|DWNI}} || Rel Estate<br /> |-<br /> | [[DMG Mori Seiki AG]]&lt;br&gt;(former Gildemeister) || GIL || Manufacturing<br /> |-<br /> | [[Dürr AG|Dürr]] || DUE ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[ElringKlinger]] || ZIL2 ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[Evonik Industries]] || EVK || Chemicals<br /> |-<br /> | [[Fielmann]] || FIE ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[Fraport]] || FRA ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[Fuchs Petrolub]] || FPE || Chemicals<br /> |-<br /> | [[GAGFAH]] || GFJ || Real Estate<br /> |-<br /> | [[GEA Group]] || G1A ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[Gerresheimer]] || GXI ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[Gerry Weber International]] || GWI1:GR ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[Hannover Re]] || HNR1 || Insurance<br /> |-<br /> | [[Hochtief]] || HOT || Construction<br /> |-<br /> | [[Hugo Boss]] || BOSS || Textiles<br /> |-<br /> | [[Jungheinrich]] || JUN3 ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[Kabel Deutschland]] || KD8 ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[KION Group]] || KGX ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[Klöckner]] || KCO || Trading (Metals)<br /> |-<br /> | [[Krones]] || KRN ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[KUKA]] || KU2 ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[LEG Immobilien AG|LEG Immobilien]] || LEG ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[Leoni AG|Leoni]] || LEO ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[MAN SE|MAN]] || MAN ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[Metro AG|Metro]] || MEO || <br /> |-<br /> | [[MTU Aero Engines|MTU]] || MTX ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[Norma Group]] || NOEJ ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[Osram]] || OSR ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[ProSiebenSat.1 Media]] || PSM || Media<br /> |-<br /> | [[Rheinmetall]] || RHM ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[Rhön-Klinikum]] || ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[RTL Group]] || RRTL || Media<br /> |-<br /> | [[Salzgitter AG|Salzgitter]] || SZG ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[Stada Arzneimittel|Stada]] || SAZ || Pharmaceuticals<br /> |-<br /> | [[Südzucker]] || SZU ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[Symrise]] || SY1 ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[TAG Tegernsee Immobilien und Beteiligung|TAG]] || TEG || Real Estate<br /> |-<br /> | [[Talanx]] || TLX || Insurance<br /> |-<br /> | [[TUI AG|TUI]] || TUI1 ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[Wacker Chemie]] || WCH ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[Wincor Nixdorf]] || WIN ||<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[DAX]]<br /> * [[SDAX]]<br /> * [[TecDAX]]<br /> * [[ÖkoDAX]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> *[http://deutsche-boerse.com/dbag/dispatch/en/kir/gdb_navigation/home?wp=DE0008467416 MDAX]<br /> <br /> {{MDAX companies}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:German stock market indices]]<br /> [[Category:Companies listed on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange| ]]</div> Tulumino https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MDAX&diff=636533416 MDAX 2014-12-04T00:06:23Z <p>Tulumino: Source + Links</p> <hr /> <div>{{Infobox Index<br /> |name = MDAX<br /> |logo = [[Image:MDAX.svg|220px]]<br /> |foundation = 19 January 1996<br /> |operator = [[Deutsche Börse]]<br /> |exchanges = [[Frankfurt Stock Exchange]]<br /> |constituents = 50<br /> |cap_level = Mid-cap, non-technology sectors<br /> |mcap = [[Euro|€]]42.9 billion &lt;small&gt;(end 2008)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://deutsche-boerse.com/INTERNET/IP/ip_stats.nsf/(KIR+Kennzahlen+MDAX+E)/686C772B4DBFBD4AC125752F00626E72/$FILE/MDAX_Weighting_File.20081230.xls?OpenElement|title=MDAX Weighting 30.12.2008|date=30 December 2008|publisher=[[Deutsche Börse]]|accessdate=2009-03-21}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |weighting = [[Capitalization-weighted index|Capitalization-weighted]]<br /> |related = [[DAX]], [[TecDAX]], [[SDAX]]<br /> |homepage = [http://deutsche-boerse.com/dbag/dispatch/en/kir/gdb_navigation/home?wp=DE0008467416 MDAX homepage]<br /> }}<br /> <br /> The '''MDAX''' is a stock index which lists German companies. The index is calculated by [[Deutsche Börse]].<br /> <br /> It includes the 50 [[Prime Standard]] shares from sectors excluding [[technology]] that rank immediately below the companies included in the [[DAX]] index. The company size is based on terms of [[order book]] volume and [[market capitalization]].<br /> <br /> The index is based on prices generated in the electronic trading system [[Xetra (trading system)|Xetra]].<br /> <br /> ==Companies==<br /> The following 50 companies make up the index as of the quarterly review effective on 4 December 2014.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Unscheduled component changes in MDAX and SDAX |url=http://dax-indices.com/EN/index.aspx?pageID=21&amp;NewsID=1521|publisher=[[Deutsche Börse]]|accessdate=3 December 2014|date=1 December 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; id=&quot;constituents&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Constituent !! Ticker !! Sector<br /> |-<br /> | [[Aareal Bank]] || {{FWB link|ARL}} ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[EADS|Airbus Group]] (former EADS) || {{FWB link|AIR}} ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[Aurubis]] || {{FWB link|NDA}} ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[Axel Springer AG|Axel Springer]] || {{FWB link|SPR}} ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[Bilfinger]] || {{FWB link|GBF}} ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[Brenntag]] || {{FWB link|BNR}} ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[Celesio]] || {{FWB link|CLS1}} ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[Deutsche Annington]] || {{FWB link|ANN}} ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[Deutsche EuroShop]] || {{FWB link|DEQ}} ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[Deutsche Wohnen]] || {{FWB link|DWNI}} ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[DMG Mori Seiki AG]]&lt;br&gt;(former Gildemeister) || GIL ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[Dürr AG|Dürr]] || DUE ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[ElringKlinger]] || ZIL2 ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[Evonik Industries]] || EVK ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[Fielmann]] || FIE ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[Fraport]] || FRA ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[Fuchs Petrolub]] || FPE ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[GAGFAH]] || GFJ ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[GEA Group]] || G1A ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[Gerresheimer]] || GXI ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[Gerry Weber International]] || GWI1:GR ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[Hannover Re]] || HNR1 ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[Hochtief]] || HOT ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[Hugo Boss]] || BOSS ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[Jungheinrich]] || JUN3 ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[Kabel Deutschland]] || KD8 ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[KION Group]] || KGX ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[Klöckner]] || KCO ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[Krones]] || KRN ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[KUKA]] || KU2 ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[LEG Immobilien AG|LEG Immobilien]] || LEG ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[Leoni AG|Leoni]] || LEO ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[MAN SE|MAN]] || MAN ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[Metro AG|Metro]] || MEO ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[MTU Aero Engines|MTU]] || MTX ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[Norma Group]] || NOEJ ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[Osram]] || OSR ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[ProSiebenSat.1 Media]] || PSM ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[Rheinmetall]] || RHM ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[Rhön-Klinikum]] || ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[RTL Group]] || RRTL ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[Salzgitter AG|Salzgitter]] || SZG ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[Stada Arzneimittel|Stada]] || SAZ ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[Südzucker]] || SZU ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[Symrise]] || SY1 ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[TAG Tegernsee Immobilien und Beteiligung|TAG]] || TEG ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[Talanx]] || TLX ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[TUI AG|TUI]] || TUI1 ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[Wacker Chemie]] || WCH ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[Wincor Nixdorf]] || WIN ||<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[DAX]]<br /> * [[SDAX]]<br /> * [[TecDAX]]<br /> * [[ÖkoDAX]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> *[http://deutsche-boerse.com/dbag/dispatch/en/kir/gdb_navigation/home?wp=DE0008467416 MDAX]<br /> <br /> {{MDAX companies}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:German stock market indices]]<br /> [[Category:Companies listed on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange| ]]</div> Tulumino https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MDAX&diff=636531780 MDAX 2014-12-03T23:51:16Z <p>Tulumino: /* Companies */ changes in composition</p> <hr /> <div>{{Infobox Index<br /> |name = MDAX<br /> |logo = [[Image:MDAX.svg|220px]]<br /> |foundation = 19 January 1996<br /> |operator = [[Deutsche Börse]]<br /> |exchanges = [[Frankfurt Stock Exchange]]<br /> |constituents = 50<br /> |cap_level = Mid-cap, non-technology sectors<br /> |mcap = [[Euro|€]]42.9 billion &lt;small&gt;(end 2008)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://deutsche-boerse.com/INTERNET/IP/ip_stats.nsf/(KIR+Kennzahlen+MDAX+E)/686C772B4DBFBD4AC125752F00626E72/$FILE/MDAX_Weighting_File.20081230.xls?OpenElement|title=MDAX Weighting 30.12.2008|date=30 December 2008|publisher=[[Deutsche Börse]]|accessdate=2009-03-21}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |weighting = [[Capitalization-weighted index|Capitalization-weighted]]<br /> |related = [[DAX]], [[TecDAX]], [[SDAX]]<br /> |homepage = [http://deutsche-boerse.com/dbag/dispatch/en/kir/gdb_navigation/home?wp=DE0008467416 MDAX homepage]<br /> }}<br /> <br /> The '''MDAX''' is a stock index which lists German companies. The index is calculated by [[Deutsche Börse]].<br /> <br /> It includes the 50 [[Prime Standard]] shares from sectors excluding [[technology]] that rank immediately below the companies included in the [[DAX]] index. The company size is based on terms of [[order book]] volume and [[market capitalization]].<br /> <br /> The index is based on prices generated in the electronic trading system [[Xetra (trading system)|Xetra]].<br /> <br /> ==Companies==<br /> The following 50 companies make up the index as of the quarterly review effective on 4 December 2014.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Changes to MDAX, SDAX and TECDAX |url=http://dax-indices.com/EN/index.aspx?pageID=21&amp;NewsID=1267|publisher=[[Deutsche Börse]]|accessdate=10 May 2013|date=5 March 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; id=&quot;constituents&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Constituent !! Ticker !! Sector<br /> |-<br /> | [[Aareal Bank]] || ARL ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[EADS|Airbus Group]] (former EADS) || EAD ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[Aurubis]] || NDA ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[Axel Springer AG|Axel Springer]] || SPR ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[Bilfinger]] || GBF ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[Brenntag]] || BNR ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[Celesio]] || CLS1 ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[Deutsche Annington]] || ANN ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[Deutsche EuroShop]] || DEQ ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[Deutsche Wohnen]] || DWNI:GR ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[DMG Mori Seiki AG]]&lt;br&gt;(former Gildemeister) || GIL ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[Dürr AG|Dürr]] || DUE ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[ElringKlinger]] || ZIL2 ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[Evonik Industries]] || EVK ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[Fielmann]] || FIE ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[Fraport]] || FRA ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[Fuchs Petrolub]] || FPE ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[GAGFAH]] || GFJ ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[GEA Group]] || G1A ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[Gerresheimer]] || GXI ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[Gerry Weber International]] || GWI1:GR ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[Hannover Re]] || HNR1 ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[Hochtief]] || HOT ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[Hugo Boss]] || BOSS ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[Jungheinrich]] || JUN3 ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[Kabel Deutschland]] || KD8 ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[KION Group]] || KGX ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[Klöckner]] || KCO ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[Krones]] || KRN ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[KUKA]] || KU2 ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[LEG Immobilien AG|LEG Immobilien]] || LEG ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[Leoni AG|Leoni]] || LEO ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[MAN SE|MAN]] || MAN ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[Metro AG|Metro]] || MEO ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[MTU Aero Engines|MTU]] || MTX ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[Norma Group]] || NOEJ ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[Osram]] || OSR ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[ProSiebenSat.1 Media]] || PSM ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[Rheinmetall]] || RHM ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[Rhön-Klinikum]] || ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[RTL Group]] || RRTL ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[Salzgitter AG|Salzgitter]] || SZG ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[Stada Arzneimittel|Stada]] || SAZ ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[Südzucker]] || SZU ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[Symrise]] || SY1 ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[TAG Tegernsee Immobilien und Beteiligung|TAG]] || TEG ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[Talanx]] || TLX ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[TUI AG|TUI]] || TUI1 ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[Wacker Chemie]] || WCH ||<br /> |-<br /> | [[Wincor Nixdorf]] || WIN ||<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[DAX]]<br /> * [[SDAX]]<br /> * [[TecDAX]]<br /> * [[ÖkoDAX]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> *[http://deutsche-boerse.com/dbag/dispatch/en/kir/gdb_navigation/home?wp=DE0008467416 MDAX]<br /> <br /> {{MDAX companies}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:German stock market indices]]<br /> [[Category:Companies listed on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange| ]]</div> Tulumino https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1975_Formula_One_season&diff=628358531 1975 Formula One season 2014-10-05T17:37:08Z <p>Tulumino: /* Drivers and constructors */ incorrect link</p> <hr /> <div>{{F1 season | year = 1975}}<br /> [[File:Anefo 928-0040, Niki Lauda, Zandvoort, 20-06-1975.jpg|thumb|Austrian [[Niki Lauda]] won the 1975 World Championship of F1 Drivers]]<br /> [[File:Emerson Fittipaldi McLaren M23 1974 Britain.jpg|thumb|[[Emerson Fittipaldi]] (McLaren M23 Ford)placed second in the 1975 World Championship of F1 Drivers]]<br /> The '''1975 Formula One season''' was the 26th season of [[FIA]] [[Formula One]] motor racing. It featured the 1975 World Championship of F1 Drivers&lt;ref&gt;1976 FIA Yearbook, Grey section, page 90&lt;/ref&gt; and the 1975 International Cup for F1 Manufacturers&lt;ref&gt;1976 FIA Yearbook, Grey section, page 91&lt;/ref&gt; which were contested concurrently from 12 January to 5 October over fourteen races. The season also included three non-championship Formula One races and a nine race South African Formula One Championship.<br /> <br /> After a strong finish to the 1974 season, many observers felt the Brabham team were favourites to win the 1975 title. The year started well, with an emotional first win for [[José Carlos Pace|Carlos Pace]] at the [[Autódromo José Carlos Pace|Interlagos]] circuit in his native [[São Paulo]]. However, over the season tyre wear frequently slowed the cars, and the initial promise was not maintained.&lt;ref&gt;Gill, Barrie (1976) &quot;The World Championship 1975&quot; ''[[John Player &amp; Sons|John Player]] Motorsport yearbook 1976'' p. 103 Queen Anne Press Ltd. ISBN 0-362-00254-1&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Niki Lauda]] often refers to 1975 as &quot;the unbelievable year&quot;. In his second year with [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]], the team provided him with the [[Ferrari 312T]]—a car that was technically far superior to any of the competition. He won his first world title with five wins and a huge margin over second place in the championship.<br /> <br /> American [[Mark Donohue]] died during practice for the [[1975 Austrian Grand Prix|Austrian Grand Prix]].<br /> <br /> ==Drivers and constructors==<br /> The following drivers and constructors and contested the 1975 World Championship of F1 Drivers and the 1975 International Cup for F1 Manufacturers.<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 85%&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Entrant<br /> ! Constructor<br /> ! Chassis<br /> ! Engine<br /> ! Tyre<br /> ! No<br /> ! Driver<br /> ! Rounds<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[McLaren|Marlboro Team McLaren]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[McLaren]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[McLaren M23|M23]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 1<br /> | {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Emerson Fittipaldi]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> | 2<br /> | {{flagicon|FRG}} [[Jochen Mass]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Tyrrell Racing|Elf Team Tyrrell]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| [[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| [[Tyrrell 007|007]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 3<br /> | {{flagicon|RSA|1928}} [[Jody Scheckter]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> | 4<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Patrick Depailler]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 15<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Jean-Pierre Jabouille]]<br /> | 9<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Michel Leclère]]<br /> | 14<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;6&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Team Lotus|John Player Team Lotus]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;6&quot;| [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;6&quot;| [[Lotus 72E|72E]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;6&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;6&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> |5<br /> | {{flagicon|SWE}} [[Ronnie Peterson]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| 6<br /> | {{flagicon|BEL}} [[Jacky Ickx]]<br /> | 1–9<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Jim Crawford (racing driver)|Jim Crawford]]<br /> | 10, 13<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[John Watson (racing driver)|John Watson]]<br /> | 11<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=2| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Brian Henton]]<br /> | 12, 14<br /> |-<br /> | 15<br /> | 10<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Martini Racing]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Brabham]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Brabham BT44B|BT44B]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 7<br /> | {{flagicon|ARG}} [[Carlos Reutemann]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> | 8<br /> | {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Carlos Pace]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} Beta [[March Engineering|Team March]]&lt;br&gt;{{flagicon|GBR}} [[Lavazza]] [[March Engineering|March]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| [[March Engineering|March]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| [[March 741|741]]&lt;br&gt;[[March 751|751]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 9<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Vittorio Brambilla]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> | 29<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Lella Lombardi]]<br /> | 10–13<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|10<br /> | 3–9<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|FRG}} [[Hans-Joachim Stuck]]<br /> | 10–14<br /> |-<br /> <br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Scuderia Ferrari SpA SEFAC]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Ferrari 312B3|312B3]]&lt;br&gt;[[Ferrari 312T|312T]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]] 001/11 3.0 [[Flat-12|F12]]&lt;br&gt;[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]] 015 3.0 [[Flat-12|F12]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 11<br /> | {{flagicon|SUI}} [[Clay Regazzoni]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> | 12<br /> | {{flagicon|AUT}} [[Niki Lauda]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[BRM|Stanley BRM]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[BRM]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[BRM P201|P201]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[BRM]] P200 3.0 [[V12 engine|V12]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 14<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Mike Wilds]]<br /> | 1–2<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Bob Evans (race driver)|Bob Evans]]<br /> | 3–9, 12–13<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Shadow Racing Cars|UOP Shadow Racing Team]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Shadow Racing Cars|Shadow]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Shadow DN3|DN3B]]&lt;br&gt;[[Shadow DN5|DN5]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 16<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Tom Pryce]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 17<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Jean-Pierre Jarier]]<br /> | 1–11, 14<br /> |-<br /> ! [[Shadow Racing Cars|Shadow]]-[[Matra]]<br /> | [[Shadow DN7|DN7]]<br /> | [[Matra]] MS73 3.0 [[V12 engine|V12]]<br /> | 12–13<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Surtees|Team Surtees]]&lt;br&gt;{{flagicon|GBR}} [[Surtees|National Organs Team Surtees]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Surtees]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Surtees TS16|TS16]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> |18<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[John Watson (racing driver)|John Watson]]<br /> | 1–10, 12<br /> |-<br /> | 19<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Dave Morgan (racing driver)|Dave Morgan]]<br /> | 10<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;11&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Frank Williams Racing Cars]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;11&quot;| [[Frank Williams Racing Cars|Williams]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;11&quot;| [[Williams FW|FW]]&lt;br&gt;[[Williams FW04|FW04]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;11&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;11&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> |rowspan=&quot;8&quot;| 20<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Arturo Merzario]]<br /> | 1–6<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Damien Magee]]<br /> | 7<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[François Migault]]<br /> | 9<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Ian Ashley]]<br /> | 11<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|CH}} [[Jo Vonlanthen]]<br /> | 12<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Renzo Zorzi]]<br /> | 13<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Lella Lombardi]]<br /> | 14<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=2| {{flagicon|RSA|1928}} [[Ian Scheckter]]<br /> | 8<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| 21<br /> | 7<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Jacques Laffite]]<br /> | 1–3, 5–6, 8–14<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Tony Brise]]<br /> | 4<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;9&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Embassy Hill|Embassy Racing with Graham Hill]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Lola Cars|Lola]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Lola T370|T370]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;9&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;9&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 22<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Graham Hill]]<br /> | 1–3<br /> |-<br /> | 23<br /> |rowspan=2| {{flagicon|FRG}} [[Rolf Stommelen]]<br /> | 1–2<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=&quot;7&quot;| [[Embassy Hill|Hill]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;7&quot;| [[Hill GH1|GH1]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| 22<br /> | 3–4, 12–13<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Vern Schuppan]]<br /> | 7<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Alan Jones (racing driver)|Alan Jones]]<br /> | 8–11<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=2| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[François Migault]]<br /> | 6<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=3| 23<br /> | 4<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Graham Hill]]<br /> | 5<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Tony Brise]]<br /> | 6–14<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;7&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Hesketh Racing]]&lt;br&gt;{{flagicon|GBR}} [[Hesketh Racing|Warsteiner Brewery]]&lt;br&gt;{{flagicon|GBR}} [[Hesketh Racing|Polar Caravans]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;7&quot;| [[Hesketh Racing|Hesketh]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;7&quot;| [[Hesketh 308|308]]&lt;br&gt;[[Hesketh 308B|308B]]&lt;br&gt;[[Hesketh 308C|308C]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;7&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;7&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 24<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[James Hunt]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=3| 25<br /> | {{flagicon|SWE}} [[Torsten Palm]]<br /> | 5<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|AUT}} [[Harald Ertl]]<br /> | 11<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|USA}} [[Brett Lunger]]<br /> | 12–14<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=2| 32<br /> | {{flagicon|SWE}} [[Torsten Palm]]<br /> | 7<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=2| {{flagicon|AUT}} [[Harald Ertl]]<br /> | 12<br /> |-<br /> | 34<br /> | 13<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} Custom Made Harry Stiller Racing<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Hesketh Racing|Hesketh]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Hesketh 308B|308B]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 25<br /> |rowspan=2| {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Alan Jones (racing driver)|Alan Jones]]<br /> | 4<br /> |-<br /> | 26<br /> | 5–7<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|USA}} [[Vel's Parnelli Jones Racing]]<br /> ! [[Parnelli]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | [[Parnelli VPJ4|VPJ4]]<br /> | [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> | {{Firestone}}&lt;br&gt;{{Goodyear}}<br /> | 27<br /> | {{flagicon|USA}} [[Mario Andretti]]<br /> | 1–5, 7, 9–14<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Penske Racing|Penske Cars]]<br /> ! [[March Engineering|March]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | [[March 751|751]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| 28<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Mark Donohue]]<br /> | 10–12<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Penske Racing|Penske]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Penske PC1|PC1]]<br /> | 1–9<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[John Watson (racing driver)|John Watson]]<br /> | 14<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Fittipaldi Automotive|Copersucar-Fittipaldi]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Fittipaldi Automotive|Fittipaldi]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Fittipaldi FD01|FD01]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 30<br /> | {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Wilson Fittipaldi Júnior|Wilson Fittipaldi]]<br /> | 1–12, 14<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Arturo Merzario]]<br /> | 13<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|RSA|1928}} [[Scuderia Scribante|Lucky Strike Racing]]<br /> ! [[McLaren]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | [[McLaren M23|M23]]<br /> | [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> | {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 31<br /> | {{flagicon|RSA|1928}} [[Dave Charlton]]<br /> | 3<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;5&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Ensign Racing|HB Bewaking Team Ensign]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;5&quot;| [[Ensign Racing|Ensign]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;5&quot;| [[Ensign N174|N174]]&lt;br&gt;[[Ensign N175|N175]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;5&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;5&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 33<br /> |rowspan=2| {{flagicon|NED}} [[Roelof Wunderink]]<br /> | 12<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=3| 31<br /> | 4–5, 10, 13–14<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|NED}} [[Gijs van Lennep]]<br /> | 8–9, 11<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=2| {{flagicon|NZL}} [[Chris Amon]]<br /> | 12<br /> |-<br /> | 32<br /> | 13<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|RSA|1928}} Lexington Racing<br /> ! [[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | [[Tyrrell 007|007]]<br /> | [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> | {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 32<br /> | {{flagicon|RSA|1928}} [[Ian Scheckter]]<br /> | 3<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} Pinch Plant (Ltd)<br /> ! [[Lyncar]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | [[Lyncar 006|006]]<br /> | [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> | {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 32<br /> | {{flagicon|NZL}} [[John Nicholson (racing driver)|John Nicholson]]<br /> | 10<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|RSA|1928}} [[Team Gunston]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Lotus 72|72D]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 33<br /> | {{flagicon|RSA|1928}} [[Eddie Keizan]]<br /> | 3<br /> |-<br /> | 34<br /> | {{flagicon|RSA|1928}} [[Guy Tunmer]]<br /> | 3<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Maki Engineering]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Maki Engineering|Maki]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Maki F101|F101B]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 35<br /> | {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Hiroshi Fushida]]<br /> | 8, 10<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Tony Trimmer]]<br /> | 11–13<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Race-by-Race==<br /> <br /> ===Race One: Argentina===<br /> The drivers went to Argentina to start the season, and it was [[Jean-Pierre Jarier]] in the [[Shadow Racing Cars|Shadow]] who took pole position with the [[Brabham]]s of [[Carlos Pace]] and [[Carlos Reutemann]] second and third on the grid. However, poleman Jarier could not even start the race because his transmission failed on the parade lap. Home hero Reutemann took the led from teammate Pace, with [[Niki Lauda]]'s [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]] third. <br /> <br /> Pace passed teammate Reutemann to take the lead but then spun off and dropped to seventh. [[James Hunt]] in his [[Hesketh Racing|Hesketh]] soon overtook Lauda and then Reutemann, much to the chagrin of the crowd. By then, reigning world champion [[Emerson Fittipaldi]] in his [[McLaren]] was past Lauda and up to third, and soon took Reutemann for second as well. Fittipaldi closed in on Hunt and took the lead with 18 laps left. Pace recovered to fourth after his spin, but it was to no avail as his engine blew up. Fittipaldi started his title defence with a win, Hunt was a superb second, and Reutemann third in front of his home crowd.<br /> <br /> ===Race Two: Brazil===<br /> The second round was in Brazil, and Jarier took pole position again with Fittipaldi alongside and Reutemann third. Reutemann, just like in Argentina, took the lead at the start from Jarier and Pace was up to third, whereas home driver Fittipaldi dropped to seventh. Jarier retook the lead from Reutemann on lap 5 and then pulled away. Reutemann struggled with handling issues and dropped well down the order then, with Pace up to second, [[Clay Regazzoni]]'s [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]] third and Fittipaldi recovering to fourth. Jarier's engine stopped with seven laps left and Pace took the lead. Regazzoni was up to second but dropped behind Fittipaldi and [[Jochen Mass]] in the second [[McLaren]] as he too suffered handling issues. Pace took a home victory, with countryman Fittipaldi second and Mass third.<br /> <br /> ===Race Three: South Africa===<br /> A month after the Brazilian race, the field went to South Africa and Pace followed up his win with pole, with Reutemann alongside as Braham locked out the front row, and home hero [[Jody Scheckter]] was third in the [[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell]]. Pace led at the start, with Scheckter second, and [[Ronnie Peterson]] in his [[Team Lotus|Lotus]] jumped up from eighth to take third. However, the Swede did not have the pace of the front runners and dropped back down the order. Scheckter took the lead from Pace on the third lap, to the delight to the fans. Pace kept second until he struggled with tyres and was passed by Reutemann and the second Tyrrell of [[Patrick Depailler]]. Scheckter took an emotional home victory, with Reutemann and Depailler completing the podium.<br /> <br /> ===Race Four: Spain===<br /> Nearly two months after the third round, the European season began in Spain. The Grand Prix Drivers Association was not happy with the state of the barriers, which were not bolted properly, and the drivers threatened not to take part. Mechanics from the teams went around the entire circuit to attempt to repair/fasten down the barriers. After work was done on the circuit, the drivers agreed that the circuit was still not safe enough. Reigning world champion and championship leader Emerson Fittipaldi had no intention to race because of the condition of the barriers, and went home on Sunday morning. The organisers of the event then locked the cars and motorhomes inside the circuit confines for breach of contract and threatened to keep them there. This being incompatible with the timeschedule for the next race at Monaco, the teams decided to cater for the organisers wishes and raced anyway.<br /> <br /> The rest of the drivers were there for qualifying, and Ferrari took the front row, with Lauda on pole from Regazzoni, and Hunt third in the Hesketh. There was chaos at the start when [[Mario Andretti]] in his [[Parnelli]] tapped the car of polesitter Lauda, sending it into the sister car of Regazzoni and knocking both Ferraris out of contention. Hunt gratefully took the lead, and Andretti, whose car was undamaged was second. Hunt led until he crashed after spinning on oil on the track, leaving Andretti leading from [[John Watson (racing driver)|John Watson]] in the [[Surtees]] and [[Rolf Stommelen]]'s [[Embassy Hill|Hill]]. Watson then had to pit with a vibration and the leader Andretti retired after a suspension failure sent him into the guardrail. This promoted Pace to second and Peterson to third, but the Swede retired after colliding with backmarker [[François Migault]] while lapping him.<br /> <br /> On lap 26, Stommelen's rear wing broke, and the car bounced into the barriers and flew back onto the road, hitting the barrier on the other side but the momentum of the car was enough for it to fly over the barrier where spectators were watching. The car hit some of them, and five spectators were killed, and Stommelen and other spectators were injured. Pace also crashed while trying to avoid the Hill as it bounced back off the road. The race went on for the moment, with [[Jochen Mass]] passing [[Jacky Ickx]]'s [[Team Lotus|Lotus]] to lead. The organizers stopped the race on lap 30 due to the debris on the track caused by Stommelen's crash. Mass was declared the winner, with Ickx second and Reutemann third. Only half points were awarded as the race was stopped before it had run 75% of its full course.<br /> <br /> ===Race Five: Monaco===<br /> After the chaotic Spanish GP, the race at the streets of Monaco was next. Lauda took pole ahead of the Shadow of [[Tom Pryce]], with Pryce's teammate Jarier third. Rain before the race meant that the it was started on a damp track. Lauda took off into the lead and Jarier climbed up to second but crashed on the first lap. Peterson was up to second, and Pryce was third. Pryce spun off after 20 laps, giving third to Scheckter. The field soon pitted for dry weather tyres and this shuffled up the order, with Scheckter dropping back after pitting too late. Fittipaldi was up to second behind Lauda, and Pace jumped up to third. That is how it stayed, with Lauda winning, Fittipaldi second and Pace third.<br /> <br /> ===Race Six: Belgium===<br /> The next race took place in Belgium, and Lauda was on pole with Pace with him on the front row, and [[Vittorio Brambilla]] in the [[March Engineering|March]] a surprising third. It was Pace who got the better of Lauda at the start, to lead into the first corner. Pace was leading from Lauda and Brambilla at the end of the first lap, but Brambilla was on the move, and shocked everyone by overtaking both the front-row starters to lead. But this spurred Lauda into action, and after almost immediately passing Pace, he took the lead from Brambilla on the sixth lap. Scheckter was also on the move and was up to second, after passing Brambilla on lap 9. Brambilla held third until he was forced to pit with tyre troubles. Lauda won, becoming the first driver to take two wins this season, with Scheckter second and Reutemann third.<br /> <br /> ===Race Seven: Sweden===<br /> In Sweden, it was Brambilla who took his first career pole, with Depailler second and Jarier third on the grid. The order was unchanged at the start, with Brambilla leading but Reutemann was up to third after three laps. Brambilla continued to lead, whereas second-placed Depailler dropped out of contention with brake problems. Reutemann was up to second, and now took the lead from Brambilla. Brambilla had to pit for new tyres almost immediately. Jarier ran second now, but his engine blew up and this gave the position to Pace until he spun off and retired. Lauda was now second, and towards the end of the race Reutemann began to suffer from oversteer, allowing Lauda to take the lead with 10 laps left. Lauda went on to win, with Reutemann and Regazzoni completing the podium.<br /> <br /> ===Race Eight: the Netherlands===<br /> The first race in the second half of the season took place in the Netherlands, and pole went to Lauda as usual, with teammate Regazzoni alongside, and Hunt's Hesketh third. The race started on a damp track and Lauda took the lead, with Scheckter up to second ahead of Regazzoni. The order was unchanged until the drivers had to pit for dry tyres. Hunt and Jarier pitted early, and their gamble paid off as they were first and second, with Lauda, Scheckter and Regazzoni third, fourth and fifth respectively. Lauda passed Jarier for second midway through the race, and started closing on Hunt. Jarier almost immediately retired with a tyre failure, and Scheckter who inherited third had his engine blow up with just 12 laps left. Hunt held off Lauda to take his first career win, with Regazzoni completing the podium.<br /> <br /> ===Race Nine: France===<br /> France was host to the 9th round of the season, and it was Lauda on pole ahead of Scheckter and Hunt. The top three maintained their starting positions into the first corner. In the early laps, Regazzoni was on a charge, and got up to second on the sixth lap but his engine blew up and he had to retire. Scheckter soon faded away, giving Hunt second. That was how it ended, with Lauda winning to take a large championship lead, Hunt finishing second and Mass third.<br /> <br /> ===Race Ten: Great Britain===<br /> The tenth round was held in Great Britain, and [[Tom Pryce]] took a home pole position, with Pace second and championship leader Lauda third. Pace beat Pryce into the first corner, with Regazzoni third ahead of Lauda. After 10 laps, Regazzoni passed Pryce for second, and soon both of them passed Pace. It soon began to rain, and Regazzoni was pulling away until he spun off, hit a barrier and damaged his rear wing. He rejoined two laps down. Pryce now led, but he crashed out as well, two laps later. Scheckter had meanwhile passed both Lauda and Pace, and he was now leading.<br /> <br /> Scheckter pitted for wet tyres from the lead, and most drivers followed suit. Hunt (after passing Pace) was the leader from Pace and [[Emerson Fittipaldi]] as they had not pitted for dries. Scheckter and Jarier both caught and passed the trio, but the track was drying out, and both had to pit for dries soon after. Hunt began to lose power in his engine, and was passed by Fittipaldi, and then Pace, and even a recovering Scheckter. On lap 56 out of 70, the rain fell again, in a massive shower with the whole field on dries. Nearly all the drivers spun off and crashed, and race was stopped. Only 6 drivers were left (notably Fittipaldi). The race was stopped, and the results were declared on the lap before the storm struck. Fittipaldi was the winner, and Pace and Scheckter, despite crashing out, were given second and third.<br /> <br /> The result meant that Fittipaldi closed within 14 points of Lauda with five races left.<br /> <br /> ===Race Eleven: West Germany===<br /> The drivers had to go to West Germany, in the legendary Nordschleife track, for round 11, and as usual Lauda was on pole, and it was Pace also on the front row, and Scheckter third. At the start, Lauda led from Pace, with Depailler getting third from his teammate Scheckter. Depailler was past Pace early on, but by midway through the race, both drivers were out of contention, Pace retiring with a puncture, and Depailler having to pit after a suspension failure. Lauda continued to lead with Regazzoni up to second, until the latter's engine failed. Lauda then suffered a puncture and had to pit, leaving Reutemann to lead from Hunt and Pryce. Hunt was next to retire, with a wheel hub failure, Pryce took second, but only briefly as he had to back off towards the end with fuel-feed troubles. At the front, Reutemann took his first win of the season, with [[Jacques Laffite]]'s [[Frank Williams Racing Cars|Williams]] second, and Lauda recovering to third.<br /> <br /> ===Race Twelve: Austria===<br /> The Austrian GP had a very large attendance, as Lauda had a chance of getting close to the championship at his home race. Lauda did not disappoint them, as he took pole position, with Hunt second and Fittipaldi third. His chief rival, Reutemann, was only 11th. On one of the warm-up laps, [[Mark Donohue]]'s [[March Engineering|March]] slid off the track after a tyre failure, and hit two marshals. Donohue died two days later, and one of the marshals also died.<br /> <br /> It began to rain just before the race started, but it did not deter Lauda, who led from Hunt and Depailler. Depailler soon dropped back, and it was [[Vittorio Brambilla]] who was up to third. Lauda also began to struggle as the rain became heavier, and Hunt took the lead and Brambilla second on lap 15. Brambilla went to take the lead from Hunt four laps later when they were lapping a backmarker, whereas Pryce passed Lauda for third. Conditions became so bad that the organizers showed the chequered flag early, with Brambilla the winner (he spun off on the slowing down lap and crashed, and drove around to the pits waving to the fans with a badly damaged car), Hunt second and Pryce completing the podium. Only half points were given, as the race was stopped early, just like in Spain.<br /> <br /> ===Race Thirteen: Italy===<br /> The penultimate round was in Italy, and after the cancellation of the Canadian GP, Lauda needed only half a point to be the 1975 world champion. The Ferrari fans were very happy as their team locked out the front row, with Lauda on pole from Regazzoni, and Fittipaldi third. Regazzoni took the lead at the start, with Lauda and Mass following. Soon Reutemann was up to third, but he needed to win to keep any faint hopes alive. However, he was passed by Fittipaldi, and towards the end, Lauda backed off and let Fittipaldi through. It was Regazzoni who won the race, with Fittipaldi second, and Lauda's third was enough to seal the championship.<br /> <br /> ===Race Fourteen: United States===<br /> The final round took place in the US, and it was no surprise that new World Champion Lauda took pole again, with Fittipaldi alongside and Reutemann third. Lauda led into the first corner from Fittipaldi, and it was Jarier in third. Lauda and Fittipaldi drove away from the rest of the field, whereas Jarier retired with a wheel failure one-third into the race. This left Hunt in third, but Mass had other ideas and took the place midway through the race. Lauda went on to win, his fifth of the season, as he signed off in style, with Fittipaldi close behind in second, and Mass also on the podium.<br /> <br /> ==Season review==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 85%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Rnd<br /> ! Race<br /> ! Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Pole Position<br /> ! Fastest Lap<br /> ! Race Winner<br /> ! Constructor<br /> ! Report<br /> |-<br /> ! 1<br /> | {{flagicon|ARG}} [[Argentine Grand Prix]]<br /> | 12 January<br /> | [[Autódromo Oscar Alfredo Gálvez|Buenos Aires]]<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Jean-Pierre Jarier]]<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[James Hunt]]<br /> | {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Emerson Fittipaldi]]<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[McLaren]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | [[1975 Argentine Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 2<br /> | {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Brazilian Grand Prix]]<br /> | 26 January<br /> | [[Autódromo José Carlos Pace|Interlagos]]<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Jean-Pierre Jarier]]<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Jean-Pierre Jarier]]<br /> | {{flagicon|BRA}} [[José Carlos Pace|Carlos Pace]]<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Brabham]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | [[1975 Brazilian Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 3<br /> | {{flagicon|ZAF|1928}} [[South African Grand Prix]]<br /> | 1 March<br /> | [[Kyalami]]<br /> | {{flagicon|BRA}} [[José Carlos Pace|Carlos Pace]]<br /> | {{flagicon|BRA}} [[José Carlos Pace|Carlos Pace]]<br /> | {{flagicon|ZAF|1928}} [[Jody Scheckter]]<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | [[1975 South African Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 4<br /> | {{flagicon|ESP|1945}} [[Spanish Grand Prix]]<br /> | 27 April<br /> | [[Montjuïc circuit|Montjuïc]]<br /> | {{flagicon|AUT}} [[Niki Lauda]]<br /> | {{flagicon|USA}} [[Mario Andretti]]<br /> | {{flagicon|FRG}} [[Jochen Mass]]<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[McLaren]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | [[1975 Spanish Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 5<br /> | {{flagicon|MCO}} [[Monaco Grand Prix]]<br /> | 11 May<br /> | [[Circuit de Monaco|Monaco]]<br /> | {{flagicon|AUT}} [[Niki Lauda]]<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Patrick Depailler]]<br /> | {{flagicon|AUT}} [[Niki Lauda]]<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> | [[1975 Monaco Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 6<br /> | {{flagicon|BEL}} [[Belgian Grand Prix]]<br /> | 25 May<br /> | [[Zolder]]<br /> | {{flagicon|AUT}} [[Niki Lauda]]<br /> | {{flagicon|CHE}} [[Clay Regazzoni]]<br /> | {{flagicon|AUT}} [[Niki Lauda]]<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> | [[1975 Belgian Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 7<br /> | {{flagicon|SWE}} [[Swedish Grand Prix]]<br /> | 8 June<br /> | [[Scandinavian Raceway|Anderstorp]]<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Vittorio Brambilla]]<br /> | {{flagicon|AUT}} [[Niki Lauda]]<br /> | {{flagicon|AUT}} [[Niki Lauda]]<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> | [[1975 Swedish Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 8<br /> | {{flagicon|NLD}} [[Dutch Grand Prix]]<br /> | 22 June<br /> | [[Circuit Zandvoort|Zandvoort]]<br /> | {{flagicon|AUT}} [[Niki Lauda]]<br /> | {{flagicon|AUT}} [[Niki Lauda]]<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[James Hunt]]<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Hesketh Racing|Hesketh]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | [[1975 Dutch Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 9<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[French Grand Prix]]<br /> | 6 July<br /> | [[Paul Ricard Circuit|Paul Ricard]]<br /> | {{flagicon|AUT}} [[Niki Lauda]]<br /> | {{flagicon|FRG}} [[Jochen Mass]]<br /> | {{flagicon|AUT}} [[Niki Lauda]]<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> | [[1975 French Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 10<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[British Grand Prix]]<br /> | 19 July<br /> | [[Silverstone Circuit|Silverstone]]<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Tom Pryce]]<br /> | {{flagicon|CHE}} [[Clay Regazzoni]]<br /> | {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Emerson Fittipaldi]]<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[McLaren]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | [[1975 British Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 11<br /> | {{flagicon|FRG}} [[German Grand Prix]]<br /> | 3 August<br /> | [[Nürburgring]]<br /> | {{flagicon|AUT}} [[Niki Lauda]]<br /> | {{flagicon|CHE}} [[Clay Regazzoni]]<br /> | {{flagicon|ARG}} [[Carlos Reutemann]]<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Brabham]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | [[1975 German Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 12<br /> | {{flagicon|AUT}} [[Austrian Grand Prix]]<br /> | 17 August<br /> | [[Österreichring]]<br /> | {{flagicon|AUT}} [[Niki Lauda]]<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Vittorio Brambilla]]<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Vittorio Brambilla]]<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[March Engineering|March]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | [[1975 Austrian Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 13<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Italian Grand Prix]]<br /> | 7 September<br /> | [[Autodromo Nazionale Monza|Monza]]<br /> | {{flagicon|AUT}} [[Niki Lauda]]<br /> | {{flagicon|CHE}} [[Clay Regazzoni]]<br /> | {{flagicon|CHE}} [[Clay Regazzoni]]<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> | [[1975 Italian Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 14<br /> | {{flagicon|USA}} [[United States Grand Prix]]<br /> | 5 October<br /> | [[Watkins Glen International|Watkins Glen]]<br /> | {{flagicon|AUT}} [[Niki Lauda]]<br /> | {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Emerson Fittipaldi]]<br /> | {{flagicon|AUT}} [[Niki Lauda]]<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> | [[1975 United States Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> The Canadian Grand Prix was scheduled to be held at Mosport Park soon before the United States Grand Prix, but it was cancelled due to a dispute between two rival breweries, Labatt and Molson.<br /> <br /> ==1975 World Championship of F1 Drivers - final standings==<br /> {|<br /> |- valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> |<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 85%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |- valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Pos<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Driver<br /> ! [[1975 Argentine Grand Prix|ARG]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Argentina}}<br /> ! [[1975 Brazilian Grand Prix|BRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Brazil}}<br /> ! [[1975 South African Grand Prix|RSA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|South Africa|1928}}<br /> ! [[1975 Spanish Grand Prix|ESP]]{{sup|‡}}&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Spain|1945}}<br /> ! [[1975 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Monaco}}<br /> ! [[1975 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Belgium}}<br /> ! [[1975 Swedish Grand Prix|SWE]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Sweden}}<br /> ! [[1975 Dutch Grand Prix|NED]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Netherlands}}<br /> ! [[1975 French Grand Prix|FRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|France}}<br /> ! [[1975 British Grand Prix|GBR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|UK}}<br /> ! [[1975 German Grand Prix|GER]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|West Germany}}<br /> ! [[1975 Austrian Grand Prix|AUT]]{{sup|‡}}&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Austria}}<br /> ! [[1975 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Italy}}<br /> ! [[1975 United States Grand Prix|USA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|United States}}<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Pts<br /> |-<br /> ! 1<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Niki Lauda]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| ''1''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''''2'''''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''6'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''64.5'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 2<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Emerson Fittipaldi]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffff&quot;| DNS<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| ''2''<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''45'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 3<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Argentina}} [[Carlos Reutemann]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''37'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 4<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[James Hunt]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| ''2''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''33'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 5<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Switzerland}} [[Clay Regazzoni]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 16<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| ''5''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| ''13''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| ''Ret''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| ''1''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''25'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 6<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[José Carlos Pace|Carlos Pace]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''''4'''''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''24'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 7<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[Jody Scheckter]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 16<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''20'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 8<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|West Germany}} [[Jochen Mass]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| ''3''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''20'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 9<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[Patrick Depailler]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| ''5''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffff&quot;| DNS<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''12'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 10<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Tom Pryce]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''8'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 11<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Vittorio Brambilla]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| ''1''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''6.5'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 12<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[Jacques Laffite]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''6'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 13<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Sweden}} [[Ronnie Peterson]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 15<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 15<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''6'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 14<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Mario Andretti]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 17<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| ''Ret''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''5'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 15<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Mark Donohue]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffff&quot;| DNS<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''4'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 16<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Belgium}} [[Jacky Ickx]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 15<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 17<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Australia}} [[Alan Jones (racing driver)|Alan Jones]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 16<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 18<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[Jean-Pierre Jarier]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffff&quot;| '''DNS'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''''Ret'''''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''1.5'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 19<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Tony Brise]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 15<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 15<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 20<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Netherlands}} [[Gijs van Lennep]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 15<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 21<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Lella Lombardi]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 18<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 17<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffff&quot;| DNS <br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0.5'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|West Germany}} [[Rolf Stommelen]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 16<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[John Watson (racing driver)|John Watson]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#000000&quot; style=&quot;color: white&quot;| DSQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 16<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Harald Ertl]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|West Germany}} [[Hans-Joachim Stuck]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Bob Evans (race driver)|Bob Evans]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 15<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 17<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Wilson Fittipaldi]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 17<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 19<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Graham Hill]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Brett Lunger]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Sweden}} [[Torsten Palm]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |<br /> |<br /> | <br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Arturo Merzario]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[Guy Tunmer]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|New Zealand}} [[Chris Amon]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[Ian Scheckter]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[Jean-Pierre Jabouille]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Jim Crawford (driver)|Jim Crawford]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[Eddie Keizan]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[Dave Charlton]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Damien Magee]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Renzo Zorzi]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Brian Henton]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 16<br /> |<br /> | DNS<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|New Zealand}} [[John Nicholson (racing driver)|John Nicholson]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 17<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Dave Morgan (racing driver)|Dave Morgan]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 18<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Netherlands}} [[Roelof Wunderink]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[François Migault]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffff&quot;| DNS<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Mike Wilds]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Australia}} [[Vern Schuppan]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Ian Ashley]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffff&quot;| DNS<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Switzerland}} [[Jo Vonlanthen]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[Michel Leclère]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Japan}} [[Hiroshi Fushida]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |DNS<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Tony Trimmer]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> |- valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Pos<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Driver<br /> ! [[1975 Argentine Grand Prix|ARG]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Argentina}}<br /> ! [[1975 Brazilian Grand Prix|BRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Brazil}}<br /> ! [[1975 South African Grand Prix|RSA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|South Africa|1928}}<br /> ! [[1975 Spanish Grand Prix|ESP]]{{sup|‡}}&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Spain|1945}}<br /> ! [[1975 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Monaco}}<br /> ! [[1975 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Belgium}}<br /> ! [[1975 Swedish Grand Prix|SWE]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Sweden}}<br /> ! [[1975 Dutch Grand Prix|NED]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Netherlands}}<br /> ! [[1975 French Grand Prix|FRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|France}}<br /> ! [[1975 British Grand Prix|GBR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|UK}}<br /> ! [[1975 German Grand Prix|GER]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|West Germany}}<br /> ! [[1975 Austrian Grand Prix|AUT]]{{sup|‡}}&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Austria}}<br /> ! [[1975 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Italy}}<br /> ! [[1975 United States Grand Prix|USA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|United States}}<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Pts<br /> |}<br /> |valign=&quot;top&quot;|<br /> {{F1 driver results legend 2}}<br /> |}<br /> * {{sup|‡}} Half points were awarded because the races were stopped before 75% of the scheduled distance was completed.<br /> <br /> ==1975 International Cup for F1 Manufacturers - final standings==<br /> [[File:Ferrari 312T 1975.jpg|thumb|Ferrari won the 1975 International Cup for F1 Manufacturers with the 312B3 and the 312T (pictured)]]<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 85%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |- valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;|Pos<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;|Constructor<br /> ! [[1975 Argentine Grand Prix|ARG]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Argentina}}<br /> ! [[1975 Brazilian Grand Prix|BRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Brazil}}<br /> ! [[1975 South African Grand Prix|RSA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|South Africa|1928}}<br /> ! [[1975 Spanish Grand Prix|ESP]]{{sup|‡}}&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Spain|1945}}<br /> ! [[1975 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Monaco}}<br /> ! [[1975 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Belgium}}<br /> ! [[1975 Swedish Grand Prix|SWE]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Sweden}}<br /> ! [[1975 Dutch Grand Prix|NED]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Netherlands}}<br /> ! [[1975 French Grand Prix|FRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|France}}<br /> ! [[1975 British Grand Prix|GBR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|UK}}<br /> ! [[1975 German Grand Prix|GER]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|West Germany}}<br /> ! [[1975 Austrian Grand Prix|AUT]]{{sup|‡}}&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Austria}}<br /> ! [[1975 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Italy}}<br /> ! [[1975 United States Grand Prix|USA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|United States}}<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;|Pts&lt;ref name=&quot;points&quot;&gt;Only the best 7 results from the first 8 races and the best 5 results from the last 6 races counted towards the Championship. (See [http://www.formula1.com/results/season/1975/ &quot;Formula1.com's Result Archive&quot;], retrieved 2014-09-14.) Numbers without parentheses are Championship points; numbers in parentheses are total points scored.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> ! 1<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''4'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''4'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''5'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''6'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''72.5'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 2<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Brabham]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| (3)<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''4'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''4'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''54 (56)'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 3<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[McLaren]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''6'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''4'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''53'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 4<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Hesketh Racing|Hesketh]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''6'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''4'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''5'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''4'''<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''33'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 5<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''5'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''5'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''6'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''6'''<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''25'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 6<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Shadow Racing Cars|Shadow]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''4'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''6'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''6'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''4'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''6'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''9.5'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 7<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''4'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 15<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 16<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''5'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''5'''<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''9'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 8<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[March Engineering|March]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''5'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 18<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''5'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''7.5'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 9<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Frank Williams Racing Cars|Williams]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffff&quot;| DNS<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''6'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 10<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Parnelli]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 17<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''4'''<br /> | <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''5'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''5'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 11<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Hill (constructor)|Hill]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | <br /> | <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7 <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''6'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''5'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 15<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 12<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Penske Racing|Penske]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''5'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 13<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Ensign (racing team)|Ensign]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> | WD<br /> | WD<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 15<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''6'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Surtees]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#000000&quot; style=&quot;color: white&quot;| DSQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 16<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> | <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> | <br /> | <br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[British Racing Motors|BRM]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 15<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 17<br /> | WD<br /> | WD<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | <br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Fittipaldi Automotive|Fittipaldi]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffff&quot;| DNS<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 17<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 19<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffff&quot;| DNS<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Lola Racing Cars|Lola]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |<br /> | <br /> | WD<br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Lyncar]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 17<br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Shadow Racing Cars|Shadow]]-[[Matra]]<br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Maki Engineering|Maki]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffff&quot;| DNS<br /> | <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> | <br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |- valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;|Pos<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;|Constructor<br /> ! [[1975 Argentine Grand Prix|ARG]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Argentina}}<br /> ! [[1975 Brazilian Grand Prix|BRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Brazil}}<br /> ! [[1975 South African Grand Prix|RSA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|South Africa|1928}}<br /> ! [[1975 Spanish Grand Prix|ESP]]{{sup|‡}}&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Spain|1945}}<br /> ! [[1975 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Monaco}}<br /> ! [[1975 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Belgium}}<br /> ! [[1975 Swedish Grand Prix|SWE]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Sweden}}<br /> ! [[1975 Dutch Grand Prix|NED]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Netherlands}}<br /> ! [[1975 French Grand Prix|FRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|France}}<br /> ! [[1975 British Grand Prix|GBR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|UK}}<br /> ! [[1975 German Grand Prix|GER]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|West Germany}}<br /> ! [[1975 Austrian Grand Prix|AUT]]{{sup|‡}}&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Austria}}<br /> ! [[1975 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Italy}}<br /> ! [[1975 United States Grand Prix|USA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|United States}}<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;|Pts<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> * '''Bold''' results counted to championship.<br /> * {{sup|‡}} Half points awarded because the races were stopped before 75% of the scheduled distance was completed.<br /> <br /> ==Non-Championship race results==<br /> Other Formula One races were also held in 1975, which did not count towards the World Championship. <br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:95%&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Race Name<br /> ! Circuit<br /> ! Date<br /> ! Winning driver<br /> ! Constructor<br /> ! Report<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} X [[Race of Champions (Brands Hatch)|Race of Champions]]<br /> | [[Brands Hatch]]<br /> | 16 March<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Tom Pryce]]<br /> | {{flagicon|USA}} [[Shadow Racing Cars|Shadow]]-[[Cosworth]]<br /> | [[1975 Race of Champions|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} XXVII [[BRDC International Trophy]]<br /> | [[Silverstone Circuit|Silverstone]]<br /> | 13 April<br /> | {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Niki Lauda]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> | [[1975 BRDC International Trophy|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} XV [[Swiss Grand Prix]]<br /> | [[Dijon-Prenois]]<br /> | 24 August<br /> | {{flagicon|Switzerland}} [[Clay Regazzoni]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> | [[1975 Swiss Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===South African Formula One Championship===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:95%&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Race Name<br /> ! Circuit<br /> ! Date<br /> ! Winning driver<br /> ! Constructor<br /> ! Report<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[Cape South Easter Trophy]]<br /> | [[Killarney Circuit|Killarney]]<br /> | 8 February<br /> | {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[Dave Charlton]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[McLaren]]-[[Cosworth]]<br /> | [[1975 Cape South Easter Trophy|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[Goldfields 100]]<br /> | [[Goldfields Circuit|Goldfields]]<br /> | 22 March<br /> | {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[Ian Scheckter]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell]]-[[Cosworth]]<br /> | [[1975 Goldfields 100|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[Natal Mercury 100]]<br /> | [[Roy Hesketh]]<br /> | 29 March<br /> | {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[Ian Scheckter]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell]]-[[Cosworth]]<br /> | [[1975 Natal Mercury 100|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[Brandkop Winter Trophy]]<br /> | [[Brandkop]]<br /> | 3 May<br /> | {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[Ian Scheckter]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell]]-[[Cosworth]]<br /> | [[1975 Brandkop Winter Trophy|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[South African Republic Trophy]]<br /> | [[Kyalami]]<br /> | 31 May<br /> | {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[Ian Scheckter]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell]]-[[Cosworth]]<br /> | [[1975 South African Republic Trophy|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[False Bay 100]]<br /> | [[Killarney Circuit|Killarney]]<br /> | 5 July<br /> | {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[Guy Tunmer]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[Cosworth]]<br /> | [[1975 False Bay 100|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[Rand Winter Trophy]]<br /> | [[Kyalami]]<br /> | 26 July<br /> | {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[Ian Scheckter]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell]]-[[Cosworth]]<br /> | [[1975 Rand Winter Trophy|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[Natal Spring Trophy]]<br /> | [[Roy Hesketh]]<br /> | 1 September<br /> | {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[Dave Charlton]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[McLaren]]-[[Cosworth]]<br /> | [[1975 Natal Spring Trophy|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[Rand Spring Trophy]]<br /> | [[Kyalami]]<br /> | 4 October<br /> | {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[Ian Scheckter]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell]]-[[Cosworth]]<br /> | [[1975 Rand Spring Trophy|Report]]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Notes==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> {{Formula One Championship}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Formula One seasons]]<br /> [[Category:1975 in Formula One| ]]</div> Tulumino https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1979_Formula_One_season&diff=599438547 1979 Formula One season 2014-03-13T14:32:10Z <p>Tulumino: /* 1979 World Championship of F1 Drivers - final standings */ points</p> <hr /> <div>{{F1 season | year = 1979}}<br /> The '''1979 Formula One season''' was the 30th season of [[FIA]] [[Formula One]] motor racing. It featured the 1979 World Championship of F1 Drivers&lt;ref&gt;FIA Yearbook 1980, Grey Section, page 84&lt;/ref&gt; and the 1979 International Cup for F1 Constructors&lt;ref&gt;FIA Yearbook 1980, Grey Section, page 85&lt;/ref&gt; which were contested concurrently over a fifteen round series which commenced on 21 January 1979, and ended on 7 October. The season also included three non-championship Formula One races. [[Jody Scheckter]] of [[Scuderia Ferrari]] won the 1979 World Championship of F1 Drivers while [[Scuderia Ferrari]] won 1979 International Cup for F1 Constructors.<br /> <br /> ==Drivers and constructors==<br /> [[File:Scheckter Monza 1979.jpg|thumb|South African [[Jody Scheckter]] won the driver's championship, driving for Ferrari]]<br /> [[File:Gilles Villeneuve 1979 Imola.jpg|thumb|Canadian [[Gilles Villeneuve]] placed second in the 1979 World Championship of F1 Drivers behind Ferrari teammate Jody Scheckter]]<br /> The following drivers and constructors contested the 1979 World Championship of F1 Drivers and the 1979 International Cup for F1 Constructors.<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 85%&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Entrant<br /> ! Constructor<br /> ! Chassis<br /> ! Engine<br /> ! Tyres<br /> ! No<br /> ! Driver<br /> ! Rounds<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Team Lotus|Martini Racing Team Lotus]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Lotus 79|79]]&lt;br&gt;[[Lotus 80|80]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 1<br /> | {{flagicon|USA}} [[Mario Andretti]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> | 2<br /> | {{flagicon|ARG}} [[Carlos Reutemann]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;5&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Tyrrell Racing|Team Tyrrell]]&lt;br&gt;{{flagicon|GBR}} [[Tyrrell Racing|Candy Team Tyrrell]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;5&quot;| [[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;5&quot;| [[Tyrrell 009|009]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;5&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;5&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 3<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Didier Pironi]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| 4<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Jean-Pierre Jarier]]<br /> | 1-9, 12-15<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Geoff Lees]]<br /> | 10<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|IRE}} [[Derek Daly]]<br /> | 11<br /> |-<br /> | 33<br /> | 14-15<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=4| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Brabham|Parmalat Racing Team]]<br /> !rowspan=2| [[Brabham]]-[[Alfa Romeo in Formula One|Alfa Romeo]]<br /> |rowspan=2| [[Brabham BT46|BT46]]&lt;br&gt;[[Brabham BT48|BT48]]<br /> |rowspan=2| [[Alfa Romeo in Formula One|Alfa Romeo]] 115-12 3.0 [[Flat-12|F12]]&lt;br&gt;[[Alfa Romeo in Formula One|Alfa Romeo]] 1260 3.0 [[V12 engine|V12]]<br /> |rowspan=4| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 5<br /> | {{flagicon|AUT}} [[Niki Lauda]]<br /> | 1-13<br /> |-<br /> | 6<br /> | {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Nelson Piquet]]<br /> | 1-13<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=2| [[Brabham]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=2| [[Brabham BT49|BT49]]<br /> |rowspan=2| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> | 5<br /> | {{flagicon|ARG}} [[Ricardo Zunino]]<br /> | 14-15<br /> |-<br /> | 6<br /> | {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Nelson Piquet]]<br /> | 14-15<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[McLaren|Marlboro Team McLaren]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[McLaren]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[McLaren M26|M26]]&lt;br&gt;[[McLaren M28|M28]]&lt;br&gt;[[McLaren M28B|M28B]]&lt;br&gt;[[McLaren M28C|M28C]]&lt;br&gt;[[McLaren M29|M29]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 7<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[John Watson (racing driver)|John Watson]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> | 8<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Patrick Tambay]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|FRG}} [[ATS (wheels)|ATS Wheels]]<br /> ! [[ATS (wheels)|ATS]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | [[ATS D2|D2]]&lt;br&gt;[[ATS D3|D3]]<br /> | [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> | {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 9<br /> | {{flagicon|FRG}} [[Hans-Joachim Stuck]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Scuderia Ferrari SpA SEFAC]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Ferrari 312T|312T3]]&lt;br&gt;[[Ferrari 312T|312T4]]&lt;br&gt;[[Ferrari 312T|312T4B]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]] 015 3.0 [[Flat-12|F12]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Michelin}}<br /> | 11<br /> | {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[Jody Scheckter]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> | 12<br /> | {{flagicon|CAN}} [[Gilles Villeneuve]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Fittipaldi Automotive]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Fittipaldi Automotive|Fittipaldi]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]&lt;ref name=FIA&gt;Official records of the 1979 International Cup as published in the 1980 FIA Yearbook use the name &quot;Copersucar&quot; rather than &quot;Fittipaldi&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Fittipaldi F5A|F5A]]&lt;br&gt;[[Fittipaldi F6|F6]]&lt;br&gt;[[Fittipaldi F6A|F6A]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 14<br /> | {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Emerson Fittipaldi]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> | 19<br /> | {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Alex Ribeiro]]<br /> | 14-15<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Renault F1|Equipe Renault Elf]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Renault F1|Renault]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Renault RS01|RS01]]&lt;br&gt;[[Renault RS10|RS10]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Renault F1|Renault-Gordini]] EF1 1.5 [[V6]][[Turbocharger|t]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Michelin}}<br /> | 15<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Jean-Pierre Jabouille]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> | 16<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[René Arnoux]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Shadow Racing Cars|Samson Shadow Racing Team]]&lt;br&gt;{{flagicon|GBR}} [[Shadow Racing Cars|Interscope Shadow Racing Team]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Shadow Racing Cars|Shadow]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Shadow DN9|DN9]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 17<br /> | {{flagicon|NED}} [[Jan Lammers]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> | 18<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Elio de Angelis]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Walter Wolf Racing|Olympus Cameras Wolf Racing]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Walter Wolf Racing|Wolf]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Wolf WR7|WR7-9]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 20<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[James Hunt]]<br /> | 1-7<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|FIN}} [[Keke Rosberg]]<br /> | 8-15<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Ensign Racing|Team Ensign]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[Ensign Racing|Ensign]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[Ensign N177|N177]]&lt;br&gt;[[Ensign N179|N179]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| 22<br /> | {{flagicon|IRE}} [[Derek Daly]]<br /> | 1-7<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Patrick Gaillard]]<br /> | 8-12<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|SUI}} [[Marc Surer]]<br /> | 13-15<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Merzario|Team Merzario]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Merzario]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Merzario A1B|A1B]]&lt;br&gt;[[Merzario A2|A2]]&lt;br&gt;[[Merzario A4|A4]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 24<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Arturo Merzario]]<br /> | 1-6, 8-15<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Gianfranco Brancatelli]]<br /> | 7<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Equipe Ligier|Ligier Gitanes]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[Equipe Ligier|Ligier]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[Ligier JS11|JS11]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 25<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Patrick Depailler]]<br /> | 1-7<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|BEL}} [[Jacky Ickx]]<br /> | 8-15<br /> |-<br /> | 26<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Jacques Laffite]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[WilliamsF1|Albilad-Saudia Racing Team]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[WilliamsF1|Williams]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Williams FW06|FW06]]&lt;br&gt;[[Williams FW07|FW07]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 27<br /> | {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Alan Jones (racing driver)|Alan Jones]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> | 28<br /> | {{flagicon|SUI}} [[Clay Regazzoni]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Arrows Grand Prix International|Warsteiner Arrows Racing Team]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Arrows Grand Prix International|Arrows]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Arrows A1B|A1B]]&lt;br&gt;[[Arrows A2|A2]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 29<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Riccardo Patrese]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> | 30<br /> | {{flagicon|FRG}} [[Jochen Mass]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=2| {{flagicon|MEX}} [[Rebaque|Team Rebaque]]<br /> ! [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | [[Lotus 79|79]]<br /> |rowspan=2| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=2| {{Goodyear}}<br /> |rowspan=2| 31<br /> |rowspan=2| {{flagicon|MEX}} [[Héctor Rebaque]]<br /> | 1-6, 8-12<br /> |-<br /> ! [[Rebaque]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | [[Rebaque HR100|HR100]]<br /> | 13-15<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Autodelta]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Alfa Romeo in Formula One|Alfa Romeo]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Alfa Romeo 177|177]]&lt;br&gt;[[Alfa Romeo 179|179]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Alfa Romeo in Formula One|Alfa Romeo]] 115-12 3.0 [[Flat-12|F12]]&lt;br&gt;[[Alfa Romeo in Formula One|Alfa Romeo]] 1260 3.0 [[V12 engine|V12]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 35<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Bruno Giacomelli]]<br /> | 6, 8, 13, 15<br /> |-<br /> | 36<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Vittorio Brambilla]]<br /> | 13-15<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|GER}} [[Kauhsen|Willi Kauhsen Racing Team]]<br /> ! [[Kauhsen]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | [[Kauhsen WK|WK]]<br /> | [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> | {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 36<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Gianfranco Brancatelli]]<br /> | 5-6<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Race-by-Race==<br /> ===Race One: Argentina===<br /> Like in previous years, the opening race of the season was in Argentina. Most people expected the [[Team Lotus|Lotus]] cars driven by defending champion [[Mario Andretti]], and his new teammate [[Carlos Reutemann]] to dominate but, to many people's surprise, it was the [[Equipe Ligier|Ligier]] team that dominated qualifying, with [[Jacques Laffite]] on pole ahead of [[Patrick Depailler]], leaving Reutemann to qualify third. Laffite led at the start with Depailler following, but the two men starting on the third row, [[John Watson (racing driver)|John Watson]] in the [[McLaren]] collided with [[Jody Scheckter]]'s [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]] creating chaos behind. Four other cars were collected and race was red-flagged, and none were injured.<br /> <br /> The race restarted after the mess was cleared, and this time Depailler set off into the lead with [[Jean-Pierre Jarier]]'s [[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell]] and Watson (in his spare car) following him. But soon Laffite was up to second, and a few laps later he took the lead from Depailler. The Ligiers drove away, whereas Jarier struggled and dropped down the order with engine troubles, leaving Watson third before he was passed a recovering Reutemann. Laffite went on and won comfortably, but teammate Depailler suffered a misfire and dropped to fourth, leaving Reutemann second and Watson third.<br /> <br /> ===Race Two: Brazil===<br /> The drivers stayed in South America for the second round which was held in Brazil, returning to the 5-mile Interlagos circuit in São Paulo. The Ligiers were in top form again, Laffite taking pole comfortably with Depailler alongside, with the Lotuses led by Reutemann on the second row. This time, Laffite was able to lead right from the first corner with Reutemann taking second from Depailler, but Depailler regained the place soon after and Andretti also passed his teammate to take third. Andretti however soon retired with a misfire, and so Reutemann was back in third. Laffite dominated the race and again won easily, with Depailler making it a 1-2 for Ligier and Reutemann completing the podium.<br /> <br /> ===Race Three: South Africa===<br /> There was a six-week break before the race in South Africa. In the high-altitude circuit, [[Jean-Pierre Jabouille]] took pole in the turbocharged [[Renault F1|Renault]] and home hero Jody Scheckter put his Ferrari second on grid, just in front of teammate [[Gilles Villeneuve]], and the Ligiers were only on the third row. Jabouille led at the start with Villeneuve and Scheckter following, but Villeneuve took the lead on second lap before the race was stopped by a rainshower.<br /> <br /> When the race restarted, most drivers were on wets, but Scheckter and a few others opted for slicks. Villeneuve led at the restart and built up a gap, but the track dried and he had to pit for slicks along with most of the field. This left Scheckter leading comfortably, and he looked well set for a home win until he had to pit for new tyres, handing the lead back to Villeneuve and in behind, [[Patrick Tambay]] briefly ran third in his McLaren, until he was passed by Jarier. It was Villeneuve who won the race with Scheckter close behind, and Jarier taking the final spot on the podium.<br /> <br /> ===Race Four: United States West===<br /> One month after the South Africa race, the field went to the Long Beach circuit in the US. Qualifying saw Villeneuve taking his first career pole position with Reutemann alongside him on the front row ahead of Scheckter. Before the race started, Reutemann suffered an electrical failure and had to start from the pits. After a string of failed attempts to start the race due to different reasons, the race finally started with Villeneuve leading Depailler and Scheckter, but soon Jarier was up to second. As Villeneuve set about building a gap, Jarier and Depailler battled for second but Scheckter passed both of them mid-race. Towards the end, Jarier began to drop back rapidly with a vibration, so Depailler finally got third but not for long as [[Alan Jones (racing driver)|Alan Jones]]'s [[WilliamsF1|Williams]] was past him. That was how the race finished, with Villeneuve winning ahead of Scheckter in another Ferrari 1-2, and Jones giving the Williams team their second ever podium with third.<br /> <br /> ===Race Five: Spain===<br /> After another long break, this time for three weeks, the Spanish GP took place and here the Ligiers struck back at Ferrari, with Laffite on pole again with Depailler ensuring a front-row lockout leaving Villeneuve third. At the start, Depailler took the lead from Laffite, and Reutemann who has a brilliant start was up to third ahead of Villeneuve. The Ligers ran 1-2 comfortably until Laffite's engine blew up, leaving Reutemann second, and Andretti third after Villeneuve spun attempting to pass Reutemann. With his teammate out, Depailler was able to cruise to victory ahead of Reutemann and Andretti who ensured a double podium for Lotus.<br /> <br /> ===Race Six: Belgium===<br /> The sixth race of the season was in Belgium, where Laffite surprised no one with pole, and Depailler surprised no one with second, but [[Nelson Piquet]] surprised many by qualifying his [[Brabham]] third. Once again, it was Depailler who got the best start, and led with Jones up to second ahead of Piquet with Laffite dropping down to fourth. In the early stages, Laffite was on the charge, as he passed first Piquet, then Jones and finally Depailler as he took the lead. As the race progressed, the Ligiers suffered from tyre trouble and so Jones took the lead until he retired with an electrical failure which handed the lead back to Depailler (who had repassed Laffite) until he crashed out, so Laffite inherited the lead until he was passed by Scheckter. Scheckter went on and took his first win for Ferrari ahead of Laffite, with [[Didier Pironi]] completing the podium in his Tyrrell.<br /> <br /> ===Race Seven: Monaco===<br /> The next race was the illustrious Monaco GP, and in qualifying, it was Scheckter who was on pole with teammate Villeneuve alongside, restricting Depailler to the second row. At the start, Scheckter kept the lead with double world champion [[Niki Lauda]] featuring at the front for the first time this year by jumping up to second ahead of Villeneuve, but it took only 3 laps for Villeneuve to get past and follow his teammate in driving away from the field.<br /> <br /> Lauda kept third until Pironi tried to pass him, which resulted in a collision and both retiring. This put Jones up to third until he retired with steering troubles which brielfy handed the place to [[Arrows Grand Prix International|Arrows]] driver [[Jochen Mass]], but soon Jones's Wiliams teammate, [[Clay Regazzoni]] took the place, which became second when Villeneuve retired with a transmission failure. With Villeneuve out, Scheckter had no more challengers to his lead and won comfortably, with Regazzoni finishing second and Reutemann taking third.<br /> <br /> ===Race Eight: France===<br /> With the Swedish GP cancelled due to a lack of funding, it was the French GP that was next up. The home fans did get an all-French front row, but instead of the usual Ligiers, it were the two turbocharged Renaults who were in dominant form, Jean-Pierre Jabouille on pole ahead of [[René Arnoux]] and Villeneuve. At the start, Villeneuve beat Jabouille into the first corner, with Scheckter third after Arnoux had a bad start. As the front two began to drive away from the field, Arnoux began a charge up the order, and by mid-race he was back in third. In the second half of the race, the two Renaults found another gear, and Jabouille drove past Villeneuve to take the lead, and Arnoux began to close him down and caught him with four laps left. Jabouille won much to the happiness of the fans, and they received much more entertainment behind as Villeneuve and Arnoux battled for second for four laps, banging wheels repeatedly, and ultimately it was Villeneuve who prevailed.<br /> <br /> ===Race Nine: Great Britain===<br /> The second half of the year started in Britain, and now the Williams had found new speed, and Jones qualified it on pole ahead of Jabouille who was continuing his good form with Nelson Piquet again qualifying his Brabham third. Jones led into the first corner ahead of Jabouille, with Regazzoni up to third. The front three ran in the same order until Jabouille ran into tyre trouble and had to pit, leaving Regazzoni second and Arnoux third. Jones looked set to win but he had to retire with an overheating engine, so Regazzoni took the lead and went on to win, giving the Williams team their first ever F1 victory, with Arnoux second and Jean-Pierre Jarier third.<br /> <br /> ===Race Ten: Germany===<br /> The tenth race of the year was held in Germany, and on the fast track, Jabouille took pole with Jones completing the front row, and Laffite next up. Jones got the jump on Jabouille at the start, which Scheckter briefly up to third until Laffite regained back the place. Jones held off intense pressure from Jabouille in the early stages of the race, until the latter tried too hard and spun off giving second to Laffite and third to Regazzoni. Regazzoni was soon past Laffite, and the two Williams cars dominated the rest of race, with Jones getting his first win of the season and Regazzoni completing the 1-2 leaving Laffite to take the final spot on the podium.<br /> <br /> ===Race Eleven: Austria===<br /> The field went to the high-speed Österreichring circuit in Austria, and in qualifying once again the Renault turbo was the car to beat, Arnoux taking his first career pole, with Jones forcing Jabouille to settle for the second row. The race saw a sensational start from Villeneuve who jumped into the lead ahead of Jones, with Niki Lauda up to third after a bad start for the Renaults.<br /> <br /> Villeneuve led for three laps before Jones passed him, and Arnoux was up to third after passing Lauda. Arnoux then took Villeneuve for second, before Jabouille set off on a charge and took second himself. The two Renaults set off after Jones, but Jabouille's gearbox failed. Arnoux continued to chase down Jones until he suffered fuel pressure problems and dropped down to sixth place, and handing second back to Villeneuve. With the Renault challenge finished, Jones was able to cruise to victory with Villeneuve second and Laffite completing the podium.<br /> <br /> ==Season review==<br /> The following races counted towards the 1979 World Championship of F1 Drivers and the 1979 International Cup for F1 Constructors.<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 85%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Rnd<br /> ! Race<br /> ! Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Pole Position<br /> ! Fastest Lap<br /> ! Race Winner<br /> ! Constructor<br /> ! Report<br /> |-<br /> ! 1<br /> | {{flagicon|ARG}} [[Argentine Grand Prix]]<br /> | 21 January<br /> | [[Autódromo Juan y Oscar Gálvez|Buenos Aires]]<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Jacques Laffite]]<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Jacques Laffite]]<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Jacques Laffite]]<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Equipe Ligier|Ligier]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | [[1979 Argentine Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 2<br /> | {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Brazilian Grand Prix]]<br /> | 4 February<br /> | [[Autódromo José Carlos Pace|Interlagos]]<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Jacques Laffite]]<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Jacques Laffite]]<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Jacques Laffite]]<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Equipe Ligier|Ligier]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | [[1979 Brazilian Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 3<br /> | {{flagicon|ZAF|1928}} [[South African Grand Prix]]<br /> | 3 March<br /> | [[Kyalami]]<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Jean-Pierre Jabouille]]<br /> | {{flagicon|CAN}} [[Gilles Villeneuve]]<br /> | {{flagicon|CAN}} [[Gilles Villeneuve]]<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> | [[1979 South African Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 4<br /> | {{flagicon|USA}} [[United States Grand Prix West]]<br /> | 8 April<br /> | [[Long Beach, California|Long Beach]]<br /> | {{flagicon|CAN}} [[Gilles Villeneuve]]<br /> | {{flagicon|CAN}} [[Gilles Villeneuve]]<br /> | {{flagicon|CAN}} [[Gilles Villeneuve]]<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> | [[1979 United States Grand Prix West|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 5<br /> | {{flagicon|ESP|1977}} [[Spanish Grand Prix]]<br /> | 29 April<br /> | [[Circuito del Jarama|Jarama]]<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Jacques Laffite]]<br /> | {{flagicon|CAN}} [[Gilles Villeneuve]]<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Patrick Depailler]]<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Equipe Ligier|Ligier]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | [[1979 Spanish Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 6<br /> | {{flagicon|Belgium}} [[Belgian Grand Prix]]<br /> | 13 May<br /> | [[Circuit Zolder|Zolder]]<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Jacques Laffite]]<br /> | {{flagicon|CAN}} [[Gilles Villeneuve]]<br /> | {{flagicon|ZAF|1928}} [[Jody Scheckter]]<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> | [[1979 Belgian Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 7<br /> | {{flagicon|MCO}} [[Monaco Grand Prix]]<br /> | 27 May<br /> | [[Circuit de Monaco|Monaco]]<br /> | {{flagicon|ZAF|1928}} [[Jody Scheckter]]<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Patrick Depailler]]<br /> | {{flagicon|ZAF|1928}} [[Jody Scheckter]]<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> | [[1979 Monaco Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 8<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[French Grand Prix]]<br /> | 1 July<br /> | [[Dijon-Prenois]]<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Jean-Pierre Jabouille]]<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[René Arnoux]]<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Jean-Pierre Jabouille]]<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Renault F1|Renault]]<br /> | [[1979 French Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 9<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[British Grand Prix]]<br /> | 14 July<br /> | [[Silverstone Circuit|Silverstone]]<br /> | {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Alan Jones (racing driver)|Alan Jones]]<br /> | {{flagicon|CHE}} [[Clay Regazzoni]]<br /> | {{flagicon|CHE}} [[Clay Regazzoni]]<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | [[1979 British Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 10<br /> | {{flagicon|FRG}} [[German Grand Prix]]<br /> | 29 July<br /> | [[Hockenheimring]]<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Jean-Pierre Jabouille]]<br /> | {{flagicon|CAN}} [[Gilles Villeneuve]]<br /> | {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Alan Jones (racing driver)|Alan Jones]]<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | [[1979 German Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 11<br /> | {{flagicon|AUT}} [[Austrian Grand Prix]]<br /> | 12 August<br /> | [[Österreichring]]<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[René Arnoux]]<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[René Arnoux]]<br /> | {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Alan Jones (racing driver)|Alan Jones]]<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | [[1979 Austrian Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 12<br /> | {{flagicon|NLD}} [[Dutch Grand Prix]]<br /> | 26 August<br /> | [[Circuit Park Zandvoort|Zandvoort]]<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[René Arnoux]]<br /> | {{flagicon|CAN}} [[Gilles Villeneuve]]<br /> | {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Alan Jones (racing driver)|Alan Jones]]<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | [[1979 Dutch Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 13<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Italian Grand Prix]]<br /> | 9 September<br /> | [[Autodromo Nazionale Monza|Monza]]<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Jean-Pierre Jabouille]]<br /> | {{flagicon|CHE}} [[Clay Regazzoni]]<br /> | {{flagicon|ZAF|1928}} [[Jody Scheckter]]<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> | [[1979 Italian Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 14<br /> | {{flagicon|CAN}} [[Canadian Grand Prix]]<br /> | 30 September<br /> | [[Circuit Gilles Villeneuve|Île Notre-Dame]]<br /> | {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Alan Jones (racing driver)|Alan Jones]]<br /> | {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Alan Jones (racing driver)|Alan Jones]]<br /> | {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Alan Jones (racing driver)|Alan Jones]]<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | [[1979 Canadian Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 15<br /> | {{flagicon|USA}} [[United States Grand Prix]]<br /> | 7 October<br /> | [[Watkins Glen International|Watkins Glen]]<br /> | {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Alan Jones (racing driver)|Alan Jones]]<br /> | {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Nelson Piquet]]<br /> | {{flagicon|CAN}} [[Gilles Villeneuve]]<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> | [[1979 United States Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> -The Swedish Grand Prix was supposed to be held at Anderstorp between the Monaco and French Grands Prix, but because of Swedish drivers Ronnie Peterson and Gunnar Nilsson's deaths in 1978, Swedish enthusiasm for the sport faded and as a result, there was no money for the race to be held and the race was promptly cancelled.<br /> <br /> ==1979 World Championship of F1 Drivers - final standings==<br /> Points towards the 1979 World Championship of Drivers were awarded on a 9-6-4-3-2-1 basis for the first six positions in each race. <br /> <br /> Only the best four results from the first seven races and the best four results from the remaining eight races could be retained by each driver.<br /> <br /> {|<br /> |- valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> |<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 85%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |- valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Pos<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Driver<br /> ! [[1979 Argentine Grand Prix|ARG]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|Argentina}}<br /> ! [[1979 Brazilian Grand Prix|BRA]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|Brazil}}<br /> ! [[1979 South African Grand Prix|RSA]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}}<br /> ! [[1979 United States Grand Prix West|USW]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|United States}}<br /> ! [[1979 Spanish Grand Prix|ESP]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|Spain|1977}}<br /> ! [[1979 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|Belgium}}<br /> ! [[1979 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|Monaco}}<br /> ! [[1979 French Grand Prix|FRA]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|France}}<br /> ! [[1979 British Grand Prix|GBR]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|UK}}<br /> ! [[1979 German Grand Prix|GER]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|West Germany}}<br /> ! [[1979 Austrian Grand Prix|AUT]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|Austria}}<br /> ! [[1979 Dutch Grand Prix|NED]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|Netherlands}}<br /> ! [[1979 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|Italy}}<br /> ! [[1979 Canadian Grand Prix|CAN]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|Canada}}<br /> ! [[1979 United States Grand Prix|USE]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|United States}}<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Pts&lt;ref name=&quot;points&quot;&gt;Only the best 4 results from the first 7 races and the best 4 results from the last 8 races counted towards the Drivers' Championship. Numbers without parentheses are Championship points; numbers in parentheses are total points scored.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> ! 1<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[Jody Scheckter]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| (6)<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| (4)<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| (5)<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| (4)<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''51 (60)'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 2<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Canada}} [[Gilles Villeneuve]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| ''1''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''''1'''''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| ''7''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| ''7''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| ''8''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| ''Ret''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| (2)<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''47 (53)'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 3<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Australia}} [[Alan Jones (racing driver)|Alan Jones]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| (4)<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''''1'''''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''40 (43)'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 4<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[Jacques Laffite]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''''1'''''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''''1'''''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''36'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 5<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Switzerland}} [[Clay Regazzoni]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 15<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| (6)<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| ''1''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| (5)<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| ''3''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''29 (32)'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 6<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Argentina}} [[Carlos Reutemann]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| (5)<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| (4)<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''20 (25)'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 7<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[Patrick Depailler]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| ''(5)''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''20 (22)'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 8<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[René Arnoux]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffff&quot;| DNS<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| ''3''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''''6'''''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''17'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 9<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[John Watson (racing driver)|John Watson]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''15'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 10<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[Didier Pironi]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#000000&quot; style=&quot;color: white&quot;| DSQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''14'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 11<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[Jean-Pierre Jarier]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''14'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 12<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|United States}} [[Mario Andretti]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''14'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 13<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[Jean-Pierre Jabouille]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffff&quot;| DNS<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| '''14'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''9'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 14<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Niki Lauda]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> | <br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''4'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 15<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Elio de Angelis]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 16<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 16<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Nelson Piquet]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| ''Ret''<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 17<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Belgium}} [[Jacky Ickx]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 18<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|West Germany}} [[Jochen Mass]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 15<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 19<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Riccardo Patrese]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffff&quot;| DNS<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 20<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|West Germany}} [[Hans Joachim Stuck]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffff&quot;| DNS<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#000000&quot; style=&quot;color: white&quot;| DSQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffff&quot;| DNS<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 21<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Emerson Fittipaldi]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Mexico}} [[Hector Rebaque]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[Patrick Tambay]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Argentina}} [[Ricardo Zunino]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Geoff Lees]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Ireland}} [[Derek Daly]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[James Hunt]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Netherlands}} [[Jan Lammers]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 18<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Finland}} [[Keke Rosberg]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Vittorio Brambilla]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[Patrick Gaillard]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Bruno Giacomelli]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 17<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Arturo Merzario]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Switzerland}} [[Marc Surer]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Gianfranco Brancatelli]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNPQ<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Alex Ribeiro]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |- valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Pos<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Driver<br /> ! [[1979 Argentine Grand Prix|ARG]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|Argentina}}<br /> ! [[1979 Brazilian Grand Prix|BRA]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|Brazil}}<br /> ! [[1979 South African Grand Prix|RSA]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}}<br /> ! [[1979 United States Grand Prix West|USW]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|United States}}<br /> ! [[1979 Spanish Grand Prix|ESP]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|Spain|1977}}<br /> ! [[1979 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|Belgium}}<br /> ! [[1979 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|Monaco}}<br /> ! [[1979 French Grand Prix|FRA]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|France}}<br /> ! [[1979 British Grand Prix|GBR]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|UK}}<br /> ! [[1979 German Grand Prix|GER]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|West Germany}}<br /> ! [[1979 Austrian Grand Prix|AUT]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|Austria}}<br /> ! [[1979 Dutch Grand Prix|NED]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|Netherlands}}<br /> ! [[1979 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|Italy}}<br /> ! [[1979 Canadian Grand Prix|CAN]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|Canada}}<br /> ! [[1979 United States Grand Prix|USE]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|United States}}<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Pts<br /> |}<br /> Here '''bold''' indicates a pole position while ''italic'' indicates a fastest lap.<br /> |valign=&quot;top&quot;|<br /> {{F1 driver results legend 2}}<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==1979 International Cup for F1 Constructors - final standings==<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 85%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |- valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;|Pos<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;|Constructor<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Car&lt;br /&gt;no.<br /> ! [[1979 Argentine Grand Prix|ARG]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|Argentina}}<br /> ! [[1979 Brazilian Grand Prix|BRA]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|Brazil}}<br /> ! [[1979 South African Grand Prix|RSA]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}}<br /> ! [[1979 United States Grand Prix West|USW]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|United States}}<br /> ! [[1979 Spanish Grand Prix|ESP]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|Spain|1977}}<br /> ! [[1979 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|Belgium}}<br /> ! [[1979 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|Monaco}}<br /> ! [[1979 French Grand Prix|FRA]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|France}}<br /> ! [[1979 British Grand Prix|GBR]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|UK}}<br /> ! [[1979 German Grand Prix|GER]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|West Germany}}<br /> ! [[1979 Austrian Grand Prix|AUT]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|Austria}}<br /> ! [[1979 Dutch Grand Prix|NED]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|Netherlands}}<br /> ! [[1979 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|Italy}}<br /> ! [[1979 Canadian Grand Prix|CAN]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|Canada}}<br /> ! [[1979 United States Grand Prix|USE]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|United States}}<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;|Pts<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=2| 1<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;right&quot;| '''113'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| ''1''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''''1'''''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| ''7''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| ''7''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| ''8''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| ''Ret''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=2| 2<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[WilliamsF1|Williams]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 27<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''''1'''''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;right&quot;| '''75'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 28<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 15<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| ''1''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| ''3''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=2| 3<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Equipe Ligier|Ligier]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 25<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| ''5''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;right&quot;| '''61'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 26<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''''1'''''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''''1'''''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=3| 4<br /> |rowspan=3 align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |rowspan=3 align=&quot;right&quot;| '''39'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 31<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=3| 5<br /> |rowspan=3 align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#000000&quot; style=&quot;color: white&quot;| DSQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |rowspan=3 align=&quot;right&quot;| '''28'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 33<br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=2| 6<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Renault F1|Renault]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 15<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffff&quot;| DNS<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| '''14'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;right&quot;| '''26'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 16<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffff&quot;| DNS<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| ''3''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''''6'''''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=2| 7<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[McLaren]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;right&quot;| '''15'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=2| 8<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Brabham]]-[[Alfa Romeo in Formula One|Alfa Romeo]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> | <br /> | <br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;right&quot;| '''7'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | <br /> | <br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=2| 9<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Arrows Grand Prix International|Arrows]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 29<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffff&quot;| DNS<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;right&quot;| '''5'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 30<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 15<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=2| 10<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Shadow Racing Cars|Shadow]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 17<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 18<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;right&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 18<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 16<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |-<br /> ! 11<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|FRG}} [[ATS (wheels)|ATS]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffff&quot;| DNS<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#000000&quot; style=&quot;color: white&quot;| DSQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffff&quot;| DNS<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=2| 12<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Fittipaldi Automotive|Fittipaldi]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]&lt;ref name=FIA /&gt;<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 14<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;right&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 19<br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=2| —<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Brabham]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 5<br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 6<br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| ''Ret''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Walter Wolf Racing|Wolf]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 20<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Ensign Racing|Ensign]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 22<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=2| —<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Alfa Romeo in Formula One|Alfa Romeo]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 35<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 17<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 36<br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Merzario]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 24<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNPQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|MEX}} [[Rebaque]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 31<br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|FRG}} [[Kauhsen]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 36<br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |- valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;|Pos<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;|Constructor<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Car&lt;br /&gt;no.<br /> ! [[1979 Argentine Grand Prix|ARG]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|Argentina}}<br /> ! [[1979 Brazilian Grand Prix|BRA]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|Brazil}}<br /> ! [[1979 South African Grand Prix|RSA]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}}<br /> ! [[1979 United States Grand Prix West|USW]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|United States}}<br /> ! [[1979 Spanish Grand Prix|ESP]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|Spain|1977}}<br /> ! [[1979 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|Belgium}}<br /> ! [[1979 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|Monaco}}<br /> ! [[1979 French Grand Prix|FRA]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|France}}<br /> ! [[1979 British Grand Prix|GBR]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|UK}}<br /> ! [[1979 German Grand Prix|GER]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|West Germany}}<br /> ! [[1979 Austrian Grand Prix|AUT]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|Austria}}<br /> ! [[1979 Dutch Grand Prix|NED]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|Netherlands}}<br /> ! [[1979 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|Italy}}<br /> ! [[1979 Canadian Grand Prix|CAN]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|Canada}}<br /> ! [[1979 United States Grand Prix|USE]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|United States}}<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;|Pts<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Non-Championship race results==<br /> Other Formula One races were also held in 1979, which did not count towards the World Championship.<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:95%&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Race Name<br /> ! Circuit<br /> ! Date<br /> ! Winning driver<br /> ! Constructor<br /> ! Report<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Race of Champions (Brands Hatch)|Marlboro / Daily Mail Race of Champions]]<br /> | [[Brands Hatch]]<br /> | 15 April<br /> | {{flagicon|Canada}} [[Gilles Villeneuve]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> | [[1979 Race of Champions|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Gunnar Nilsson Memorial Trophy]]<br /> | [[Donington Park]]<br /> | 3 June<br /> | {{flagicon|Australia}} [[Alan Jones (racing driver)|Alan Jones]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[WilliamsF1|Williams]]-[[Cosworth]]<br /> | [[Gunnar Nilsson Memorial Trophy|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[1979 Dino Ferrari Grand Prix|Dino Ferrari Grand Prix]]<br /> | [[Autodromo Enzo e Dino Ferrari|Imola]]<br /> | 16 September<br /> | {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Niki Lauda]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Brabham]]-[[Alfa Romeo in Formula One|Alfa Romeo]]<br /> | [[1979 Dino Ferrari Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Notes and references==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * [http://www.f1-facts.com/results/season/1979 1979 F1 Results and images from www.f1-facts.com]<br /> <br /> {{Formula One Championship}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Formula One seasons]]<br /> [[Category:1979 in Formula One| ]]</div> Tulumino https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MDAX&diff=590271772 MDAX 2014-01-11T21:15:01Z <p>Tulumino: /* Companies */ name changed</p> <hr /> <div>{{Infobox Index<br /> |name = MDAX<br /> |logo = [[Image:MDAX.svg|220px]]<br /> |foundation = 19 January 1996<br /> |operator = [[Deutsche Börse]]<br /> |exchanges = [[Frankfurt Stock Exchange]]<br /> |constituents = 50<br /> |cap_level = Mid-cap, non-technology sectors<br /> |mcap = [[Euro|€]]42.9 billion &lt;small&gt;(end 2008)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://deutsche-boerse.com/INTERNET/IP/ip_stats.nsf/(KIR+Kennzahlen+MDAX+E)/686C772B4DBFBD4AC125752F00626E72/$FILE/MDAX_Weighting_File.20081230.xls?OpenElement|title=MDAX Weighting 30.12.2008|date=30 December 2008|publisher=[[Deutsche Börse]]|accessdate=2009-03-21}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |weighting = [[Market value-weighted index|Market value-weighted]]<br /> |related = [[DAX]], [[TecDAX]], [[SDAX]]<br /> |homepage = [http://deutsche-boerse.com/dbag/dispatch/en/kir/gdb_navigation/home?wp=DE0008467416 MDAX homepage]<br /> }}<br /> <br /> The '''MDAX''' is a stock index which lists German companies. The index is calculated by [[Deutsche Börse]].<br /> <br /> It includes the 50 [[Prime Standard]] shares from sectors excluding [[technology]] that rank immediately below the companies included in the [[DAX]] index. The company size is based on terms of [[order book]] volume and [[market capitalization]].<br /> <br /> The index is based on prices generated in the electronic trading system [[Xetra (trading system)|Xetra]].<br /> <br /> ==Companies==<br /> The following 50 companies make up the index as of the quarterly review effective on 18 March 2013.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Changes to MDAX, SDAX and TECDAX |url=http://dax-indices.com/EN/index.aspx?pageID=21&amp;NewsID=1267|publisher=[[Deutsche Börse]]|accessdate=10 May 2013|date=5 March 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> *[[Aareal Bank]]<br /> *[[EADS|Airbus Group]] (former EADS)<br /> *[[Aurubis]]<br /> *[[Axel Springer AG|Axel Springer]]<br /> *[[BayWa]]<br /> *[[Bilfinger]]<br /> *[[Brenntag]]<br /> *[[Celesio]]<br /> *[[Deutsche EuroShop]]<br /> *[[Deutsche Wohnen]]<br /> *[[Dürr AG|Dürr]]<br /> *[[ElringKlinger]]<br /> *[[Fielmann]]<br /> *[[Fraport]]<br /> *[[Fuchs Petrolub]]<br /> *[[GAGFAH]]<br /> *[[GEA Group]]<br /> *[[Gerresheimer]]<br /> *[[Gerry Weber International]]<br /> *[[Gildemeister AG|Gildemeister]]<br /> *[[GSW Immobilien]]<br /> *[[Hannover Re]]<br /> *[[Hochtief]]<br /> *[[Hugo Boss]]<br /> *[[Kabel Deutschland]]<br /> *[[Klöckner]]<br /> *[[Krones]]<br /> *[[KUKA]]<br /> *[[LEG Immobilien AG|LEG Immobilien]]<br /> *[[Leoni AG|Leoni]]<br /> *[[MAN SE|MAN]]<br /> *[[Metro AG|Metro]]<br /> *[[MTU Aero Engines|MTU]]<br /> *[[Norma Group]]<br /> *[[ProSiebenSat.1 Media]]<br /> *[[Puma SE|Puma]]<br /> *[[Rational AG|Rational]]<br /> *[[Rheinmetall]]<br /> *[[Rhön-Klinikum]]<br /> *[[SGL Carbon]]<br /> *[[Salzgitter AG|Salzgitter]]<br /> *[[Sky Deutschland]]<br /> *[[Stada Arzneimittel|Stada]]<br /> *[[Südzucker]]<br /> *[[Symrise]]<br /> *[[TAG Tegernsee Immobilien und Beteiligung|TAG]]<br /> *[[Talanx]]<br /> *[[TUI AG|TUI]]<br /> *[[Wacker Chemie]]<br /> *[[Wincor Nixdorf]]<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[DAX]]<br /> * [[SDAX]]<br /> * [[TecDAX]]<br /> * [[ÖkoDAX]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> *[http://deutsche-boerse.com/dbag/dispatch/en/kir/gdb_navigation/home?wp=DE0008467416 MDAX]<br /> <br /> {{MDAX companies}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:German stock market indices]]<br /> [[Category:Companies listed on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange| ]]</div> Tulumino https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1986_Formula_One_World_Championship&diff=577967520 1986 Formula One World Championship 2013-10-20T12:26:52Z <p>Tulumino: /* 1986 Drivers Championship final standings */ points</p> <hr /> <div>{{F1 season | year = 1986}}<br /> [[File:Anefo 933-1302 Huub Rothengatter, Alain Prost, Niki Lauda 29.10.1984 Prost crop.jpg|thumb|right|[[Alain Prost]] won his second consecutive drivers championship.]]<br /> [[File:Nigelcropped.jpg|thumb|right|[[Nigel Mansell]] finished as runner-up.]]<br /> [[File:Piquet a Monza 1983.JPG|thumb|right|Mansell's team mate [[Nelson Piquet]] finished the season ranked third.]]<br /> The '''1986 Formula One season''' was the 37th [[FIA]] [[Formula One]] World Championship season. It commenced on 23 March 1986 and ended on 26 October after sixteen races.<br /> <br /> The season culminated in a points battle between the [[Williams F1|Williams]] duo of [[Nelson Piquet]] and [[Nigel Mansell]] versus [[Team McLaren|McLaren]]'s [[Alain Prost]] at the final race, the [[1986 Australian Grand Prix]]. Mansell's tyre blew in spectacular fashion and Piquet, in the lead at the time of the incident, was brought in for an unscheduled [[pit stop]] soon afterward by Williams to prevent the same happening to his tyres. This enabled Prost to take the lead and the race victory (his fourth of the season) and to secure his second consecutive drivers championship.&lt;ref&gt;ESPN coverage of the 1997 Japanese Grand Prix, end-of-year F1 championship battles segment narrated by [[Bob Varsha]]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> For the first (and to date only) year, [[turbocharger|turbocharged]] engines were compulsory due to a ban on [[naturally-aspirated engine|naturally aspirated]] (atmospheric) engines. The law banning atmospheric engines was rescinded in {{F1|1987}}, in preparation for a ban on all [[forced induction]] engines for {{F1|1989}}.<br /> <br /> The Formula One cars of 1986 are the most powerful F1 cars to ever have raced. There were still no limits on engine power, and some engines, including the powerful but rather unreliable [[BMW M12]] 1.5 litre single turbocharged [[inline-four engine|straight-4]] engine used by the [[Benetton Formula|Benetton]], [[Brabham]] and [[Arrows Grand Prix International|Arrows]] teams, could throw out 1,350+ hp at 5.5 bar boost (79.7 psi) during qualifying; this would happen when the engineers took the boost restrictors off the engine, although it would only last for three laps at full use. The boost of the engines would often be restricted to the point where they would only be producing around 900–1,000&amp;nbsp;hp during the race. The Honda twin-turbocharged V6 exclusively supplied to the Williams team were second to BMW in overall power and had slightly less power than the German engines, and the Ferrari, TAG/Porsche, and Renault twin-turbocharged V6 engines were not as powerful and as efficient as the Honda and BMW engines and produced about 25-40 less horsepower than the Japanese and German powerplants. The new Ford-Cosworth turbocharged V6 (a successor to the ubiquitous DFV V8) was made in a rush and was therefore underpowered and underdeveloped; it apparently had 150-200 less horsepower than the front-running European and Honda engines; but continued development meant that this engine got considerably better in 1987. And finally, the underfunded and very unreliable Alfa Romeo and Motori Moderni engines were considerably less powerful than any of the others and kept their users down the order frequently.<br /> <br /> At many races, particularly at high speed circuits such as [[Autodromo Enzo e Dino Ferrari|Imola]], [[Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps|Spa-Francorchamps]], [[Hockenheimring|Hockenheim]], the [[Red Bull Ring#The original track|Österreichring]] and [[Autodromo Nazionale Monza|Monza]], fuel consumption was always a concern, as the FIA lessened the amount of allowable fuel from 220 litres in {{F1|1984}} and {{F1|1985}} to 195 litres for 1986. As a result, fuel consumption became a problem for most teams since the engines were slightly more powerful than before. There were many races where a number of drivers ran out of fuel, most notably Alain Prost at [[1986 German Grand Prix|Hockenheim]], who very nearly finished third but ran out of fuel less than a quarter of a mile from the finishing line. He got out and desperately tried to push his stricken car across the finish line, ultimately never making it and finishing sixth. The Honda engines (second in power to the BMW engines) had the edge on fuel consumption and reliability, but the TAG/Porsche, Renault and BMW engineers were able to gain some ground later in the season.<br /> <br /> Drivers who retired from F1 racing at the end of 1986 were [[Patrick Tambay]], as well as {{F1|1980}} World Champion [[Alan Jones (racing driver)|Alan Jones]] and {{F1|1982}} champion [[Keke Rosberg]], while injuries suffered at the [[1986 British Grand Prix|British Grand Prix]] forced the retirement of [[Jacques Laffite]]. Those who never drove in an F1 race again after 1986 were [[Johnny Dumfries]], [[Huub Rothengatter]] and [[Allen Berg]], while [[Marc Surer]] suffered a serious [[rallying|rally]] crash following his ninth place finish in the [[1986 Belgian Grand Prix|Belgian Grand Prix]] which forced his retirement from driving altogether. [[Elio de Angelis]] was killed in a testing accident at the [[Circuit Paul Ricard]] after the [[1986 Monaco Grand Prix|Monaco Grand Prix]]; he remained the last driver to die in an F1 crash until [[Roland Ratzenberger]] at the [[1994 San Marino Grand Prix]].<br /> <br /> The 1986 Formula One calendar featured two new events in the [[Hungarian Grand Prix]], as well as the [[Mexican Grand Prix]], the latter of which returned to the calendar after a sixteen-year absence. Two races exiting the calendar were the [[Dutch Grand Prix]] after 33 years, and the [[South African Grand Prix]] after 21 years.<br /> <br /> ==Drivers and constructors==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 85%&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Entrant<br /> ! Constructor<br /> ! Chassis<br /> ! Engine<br /> ! Tyres<br /> ! No<br /> ! Driver<br /> ! Rounds<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[McLaren|Marlboro McLaren International]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[McLaren]]-[[Techniques d'Avant Garde|TAG]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[McLaren MP4/2C|MP4/2C]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Techniques d'Avant Garde|TAG]] TTE PO1 1.5 [[V6]][[Turbocharger|t]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 1<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Alain Prost]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> | 2<br /> | {{flagicon|FIN}} [[Keke Rosberg]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Tyrrell Racing|Data General Team Tyrrell]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell]]-[[Renault in Formula One|Renault]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Tyrrell 014|014]]&lt;br&gt;[[Tyrrell 015|015]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Renault in Formula One|Renault]] EF4B 1.5 [[V6]][[Turbocharger|t]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 3<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Martin Brundle]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> | 4<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Philippe Streiff]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[WilliamsF1|Canon Williams Honda Team]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[WilliamsF1|Williams]]-[[Honda Racing F1|Honda]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Williams FW11|FW11]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Honda Racing F1|Honda]] RA166E 1.5 [[V6]][[Turbocharger|t]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 5<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Nigel Mansell]]<br /> | All <br /> |-<br /> | 6<br /> | {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Nelson Piquet]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Brabham|Motor Racing Developments]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[Brabham]]-[[BMW in Formula One|BMW]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[Brabham BT55|BT55]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[BMW M12]]/13/1 1.5 [[Straight-4|L4]][[Turbocharger|t]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| {{Pirelli}}<br /> | 7<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Riccardo Patrese]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 8<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Elio de Angelis]]<br /> | 1-4<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Derek Warwick]]<br /> | 6-16<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Team Lotus|John Player Special Team Lotus]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[Renault in Formula One|Renault]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Lotus 98T|98T]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Renault in Formula One|Renault]] EF15B 1.5 [[V6]][[Turbocharger|t]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 11<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Johnny Dumfries]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> | 12<br /> | {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Ayrton Senna]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|FRG}} [[Zakspeed|West Zakspeed Racing]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Zakspeed]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Zakspeed 861|861]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Zakspeed]] 1500/4 1.5 [[Straight-4|L4]][[Turbocharger|t]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 14<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Jonathan Palmer]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> | 29<br /> | {{flagicon|NED}} [[Huub Rothengatter]]<br /> | 3-16<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;5&quot;| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Haas Lola|Team Haas (USA) Ltd]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Lola Cars|Lola]]-[[Hart (racing)|Hart]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Lola THL1|THL1]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Hart (racing)|Hart]] 415T 1.5 [[Straight-4|L4]][[Turbocharger|t]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;5&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 15<br /> | {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Alan Jones (racing driver)|Alan Jones]]<br /> | 1-2<br /> |-<br /> | 16<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Patrick Tambay]]<br /> | 1-3<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[Lola Cars|Lola]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[Lola THL2|THL2]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[Cosworth#Other Formula One engines|Ford Cosworth GBA]] 1.5 [[V6]][[Turbocharger|t]]<br /> | 15<br /> | {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Alan Jones (racing driver)|Alan Jones]]<br /> | 3-16<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 16<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Patrick Tambay]]<br /> | 4-6, 8-16<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|USA}} [[Eddie Cheever]]<br /> | 7<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Arrows Grand Prix International|Barclay Arrows BMW]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[Arrows Grand Prix International|Arrows]]-[[BMW in Formula One|BMW]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[Arrows A8|A8]]&lt;br&gt;[[Arrows A9|A9]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[BMW M12]]/13 1.5 [[Straight-4|L4]][[Turbocharger|t]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 17<br /> | {{flagicon|SUI}} [[Marc Surer]]<br /> | 1-5<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|FRG}} [[Christian Danner]]<br /> | 7-16<br /> |-<br /> | 18<br /> | {{flagicon|BEL}} [[Thierry Boutsen]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Benetton Formula|Benetton Formula Ltd]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Benetton Formula|Benetton]]-[[BMW in Formula One|BMW]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Benetton B186|B186]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[BMW M12]]/13 1.5 [[Straight-4|L4]][[Turbocharger|t]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Pirelli}}<br /> | 19<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Teo Fabi]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> | 20<br /> | {{flagicon|AUT}} [[Gerhard Berger]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Osella|Osella Squadra Corse]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| [[Osella]]-[[Alfa Romeo in Formula One|Alfa Romeo]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| [[Osella FA1G|FA1G]]&lt;br&gt;[[Osella FA1F|FA1F]]&lt;br&gt;[[Osella FA1H|FA1H]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| [[Alfa Romeo in Formula One|Alfa Romeo]] 890T 1.5 [[V8 engine|V8]][[Turbocharger|t]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| {{Pirelli}}<br /> | 21<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Piercarlo Ghinzani]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| 22<br /> | {{flagicon|FRG}} [[Christian Danner]]<br /> | 1-6<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|CAN}} [[Allen Berg]]<br /> | 7-12, 14-16<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Alex Caffi]]<br /> | 13<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Minardi|Minardi Team SpA]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Minardi]]-[[Motori Moderni]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Minardi M185B|M185B]]&lt;br&gt;[[Minardi M186|M186]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Motori Moderni]] Tipo 615-90 1.5 [[V6]][[Turbocharger|t]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Pirelli}}<br /> | 23<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Andrea de Cesaris]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> | 24<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Alessandro Nannini]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Equipe Ligier]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[Equipe Ligier|Ligier]]-[[Renault in Formula One|Renault]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[Ligier JS27|JS27]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[Renault in Formula One|Renault]] EF4B 1.5 [[V6]][[Turbocharger|t]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| {{Pirelli}}<br /> | 25<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[René Arnoux]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 26<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Jacques Laffite]]<br /> | 1-9<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Philippe Alliot]]<br /> | 10-16<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Scuderia Ferrari SpA SEFAC]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Ferrari F1/86|F1/86]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]] 032 1.5 [[V6]][[Turbocharger|t]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 27<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Michele Alboreto]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> | 28<br /> | {{flagicon|SWE}} [[Stefan Johansson]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Automobiles Gonfaronnaises Sportives|Jolly Club SpA]]<br /> ! [[Automobiles Gonfaronnaises Sportives|AGS]]-[[Motori Moderni]]<br /> | [[AGS JH21C|JH21C]]<br /> | [[Motori Moderni]] Tipo 615-90 1.5 [[V6]][[Turbocharger|t]]<br /> | {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 31<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Ivan Capelli]]<br /> | 13-14<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Season review==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 85%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Rnd<br /> ! Race<br /> ! Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Pole Position<br /> ! Fastest Lap<br /> ! Race Winner<br /> ! Constructor<br /> ! Report<br /> |-<br /> ! 1<br /> | {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Brazilian Grand Prix]]<br /> | 23 March<br /> | [[Autódromo Internacional Nelson Piquet|Jacarepaguá]]<br /> | {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Ayrton Senna]]<br /> | {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Nelson Piquet]]<br /> | {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Nelson Piquet]]<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Honda F1|Honda]]<br /> | [[1986 Brazilian Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 2<br /> | {{flagicon|ESP}} [[Spanish Grand Prix]]<br /> | 13 April<br /> | [[Circuito Permanente de Jerez|Jerez]]<br /> | {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Ayrton Senna]]<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Nigel Mansell]]<br /> | {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Ayrton Senna]]<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[Renault F1|Renault]]<br /> | [[1986 Spanish Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 3<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[San Marino Grand Prix]]<br /> | 27 April<br /> | [[Autodromo Enzo e Dino Ferrari|Imola]]<br /> | {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Ayrton Senna]]<br /> | {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Nelson Piquet]]<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Alain Prost]]<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[McLaren]]-[[Techniques d'Avant Garde|TAG]]<br /> | [[1986 San Marino Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 4<br /> | {{flagicon|MCO}} [[Monaco Grand Prix]]<br /> | 11 May<br /> | [[Circuit de Monaco|Monaco]]<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Alain Prost]]<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Alain Prost]]<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Alain Prost]]<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[McLaren]]-[[Techniques d'Avant Garde|TAG]]<br /> | [[1986 Monaco Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 5<br /> | {{flagicon|BEL}} [[Belgian Grand Prix]]<br /> | 25 May<br /> | [[Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps|Spa-Francorchamps]]<br /> | {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Nelson Piquet]]<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Alain Prost]]<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Nigel Mansell]]<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Honda F1|Honda]]<br /> | [[1986 Belgian Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 6<br /> | {{flagicon|CAN}} [[Canadian Grand Prix]]<br /> | 15 June<br /> | [[Circuit Gilles Villeneuve]]<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Nigel Mansell]]<br /> | {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Nelson Piquet]]<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Nigel Mansell]]<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Honda F1|Honda]]<br /> | [[1986 Canadian Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 7<br /> | {{flagicon|USA}} [[Detroit Grand Prix]]<br /> | 22 June<br /> | [[Detroit street circuit|Detroit]]<br /> | {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Ayrton Senna]]<br /> | {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Nelson Piquet]]<br /> | {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Ayrton Senna]]<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[Renault F1|Renault]]<br /> | [[1986 Detroit Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 8<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[French Grand Prix]]<br /> | 6 July<br /> | [[Paul Ricard Circuit|Paul Ricard]]<br /> | {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Ayrton Senna]]<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Nigel Mansell]]<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Nigel Mansell]]<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Honda F1|Honda]]<br /> | [[1986 French Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 9<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[British Grand Prix]]<br /> | 13 July<br /> | [[Brands Hatch]]<br /> | {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Nelson Piquet]]<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Nigel Mansell]]<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Nigel Mansell]]<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Honda F1|Honda]]<br /> | [[1986 British Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 10<br /> | {{flagicon|FRG}} [[German Grand Prix]]<br /> | 27 July<br /> | [[Hockenheimring]]<br /> | {{flagicon|FIN}} [[Keke Rosberg]]<br /> | {{flagicon|AUT}} [[Gerhard Berger]]<br /> | {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Nelson Piquet]]<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Honda F1|Honda]]<br /> | [[1986 German Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 11<br /> | {{flagicon|HUN}} [[Hungarian Grand Prix]]<br /> | 10 August<br /> | [[Hungaroring]]<br /> | {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Ayrton Senna]]<br /> | {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Nelson Piquet]]<br /> | {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Nelson Piquet]]<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Honda F1|Honda]]<br /> | [[1986 Hungarian Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 12<br /> | {{flagicon|AUT}} [[Austrian Grand Prix]]<br /> | 17 August<br /> | [[Österreichring]]<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Teo Fabi]]<br /> | {{flagicon|AUT}} [[Gerhard Berger]]<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Alain Prost]]<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[McLaren]]-[[Techniques d'Avant Garde|TAG]]<br /> | [[1986 Austrian Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 13<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Italian Grand Prix]]<br /> | 7 September<br /> | [[Autodromo Nazionale Monza|Monza]]<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Teo Fabi]]<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Teo Fabi]]<br /> | {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Nelson Piquet]]<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Honda F1|Honda]]<br /> | [[1986 Italian Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 14<br /> | {{flagicon|PRT}} [[Portuguese Grand Prix]]<br /> | 21 September<br /> | [[Autódromo do Estoril|Estoril]]<br /> | {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Ayrton Senna]]<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Nigel Mansell]]<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Nigel Mansell]]<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Honda F1|Honda]]<br /> | [[1986 Portuguese Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 15<br /> | {{flagicon|MEX}} [[Mexican Grand Prix]]<br /> | 12 October<br /> | [[Autodromo Hermanos Rodriguez|Hermanos Rodriguez]]<br /> | {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Ayrton Senna]]<br /> | {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Nelson Piquet]]<br /> | {{flagicon|AUT}} [[Gerhard Berger]]<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Benetton Formula|Benetton]]-[[BMW in Formula One|BMW]]<br /> | [[1986 Mexican Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 16<br /> | {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Australian Grand Prix]]<br /> | 26 October<br /> | [[Adelaide Street Circuit|Adelaide]]<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Nigel Mansell]]<br /> | {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Nelson Piquet]]<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Alain Prost]]<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[McLaren]]-[[Techniques d'Avant Garde|TAG]]<br /> | [[1986 Australian Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==1986 Drivers Championship final standings==<br /> Drivers' Championship points were awarded on a 9-6-4-3-2-1 basis to the top six finishers in each round.&lt;ref&gt;Peter Higham, The Guinness Guide To International Motor Racing, 1995, page 6&lt;/ref&gt; However only the best eleven round results were counted towards each driver's championship total.<br /> <br /> {|<br /> |- valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> |<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 85%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |- valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Pos<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Driver<br /> ! [[1986 Brazilian Grand Prix|BRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Brazil}}<br /> ! [[1986 Spanish Grand Prix|ESP]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Spain}}<br /> ! [[1986 San Marino Grand Prix|SMR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|San Marino}}<br /> ! [[1986 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Monaco}}<br /> ! [[1986 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Belgium}}<br /> ! [[1986 Canadian Grand Prix|CAN]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Canada}}<br /> ! [[1986 Detroit Grand Prix|DET]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|United States}}<br /> ! [[1986 French Grand Prix|FRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|France}}<br /> ! [[1986 British Grand Prix|GBR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|UK}}<br /> ! [[1986 German Grand Prix|GER]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|West Germany}}<br /> ! [[1986 Hungarian Grand Prix|HUN]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Hungary}}<br /> ! [[1986 Austrian Grand Prix|AUT]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Austria}}<br /> ! [[1986 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Italy}}<br /> ! [[1986 Portuguese Grand Prix|POR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Portugal}}<br /> ! [[1986 Mexican Grand Prix|MEX]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Mexico}}<br /> ! [[1986 Australian Grand Prix|AUS]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Australia}}<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Points&lt;ref name=&quot;points&quot;&gt;Only the best 11 results counted towards the Drivers' Championship. Numbers without parentheses are Championship points; numbers in parentheses are total points scored.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> ! 1<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[Alain Prost]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''''1'''''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| ''(6)''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| (6)&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#000000&quot; style=&quot;color: white&quot;| DSQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''72 (74)'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 2<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Nigel Mansell]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| ''2''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| ''1''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| ''1''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| ''1''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| (5)<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''70 (72)'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 3<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Nelson Piquet]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| ''1''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| ''2''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| ''3''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| ''Ret''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| ''1''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| ''4''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| ''2''<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''69'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 4<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Ayrton Senna]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''4'''&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''55'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 5<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Sweden}} [[Stefan Johansson]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''23'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 6<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Finland}} [[Keke Rosberg]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''5'''&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''22'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 7<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Gerhard Berger]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| ''10''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| ''7''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''17'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 8<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[Jacques Laffite]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''14'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 9<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Michele Alboreto]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''14'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 10<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[René Arnoux]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 15&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''14'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 11<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Martin Brundle]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''8'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 12<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Australia}} [[Alan Jones (racing driver)|Alan Jones]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''4'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 13<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Johnny Dumfries]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 14<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[Philippe Streiff]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 15<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[Patrick Tambay]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffff&quot;| DNS<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 16<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Teo Fabi]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''''Ret'''''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 17<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Riccardo Patrese]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 18<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|West Germany}} [[Christian Danner]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 19<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[Philippe Alliot]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Belgium}} [[Thierry Boutsen]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Derek Warwick]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;white&quot;| DNS<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Jonathan Palmer]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Netherlands}} [[Huub Rothengatter]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffff&quot;| DNS<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffff&quot;| DNS<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Andrea de Cesaris]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Elio de Angelis]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Switzerland}} [[Marc Surer]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Piercarlo Ghinzani]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Canada}} [[Allen Berg]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 16<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Alessandro Nannini]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Alex Caffi]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Ivan Capelli]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Eddie Cheever]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |- valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Pos<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Driver<br /> ! [[1986 Brazilian Grand Prix|BRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Brazil}}<br /> ! [[1986 Spanish Grand Prix|ESP]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Spain}}<br /> ! [[1986 San Marino Grand Prix|SMR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|San Marino}}<br /> ! [[1986 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Monaco}}<br /> ! [[1986 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Belgium}}<br /> ! [[1986 Canadian Grand Prix|CAN]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Canada}}<br /> ! [[1986 Detroit Grand Prix|DET]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|United States}}<br /> ! [[1986 French Grand Prix|FRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|France}}<br /> ! [[1986 British Grand Prix|GBR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|UK}}<br /> ! [[1986 German Grand Prix|GER]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|West Germany}}<br /> ! [[1986 Hungarian Grand Prix|HUN]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Hungary}}<br /> ! [[1986 Austrian Grand Prix|AUT]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Austria}}<br /> ! [[1986 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Italy}}<br /> ! [[1986 Portuguese Grand Prix|POR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Portugal}}<br /> ! [[1986 Mexican Grand Prix|MEX]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Mexico}}<br /> ! [[1986 Australian Grand Prix|AUS]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Australia}}<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Points<br /> |}<br /> |<br /> {{F1 driver results legend 2}}<br /> |}<br /> {{sup|†}} Drivers did not finish the Grand Prix, but were classified as they completed over 90% of the race distance.<br /> <br /> () Results in parentheses were not counted for the driver's championship due to the limitation to the 11 best results.<br /> <br /> ==1986 Constructors Championship final standings==<br /> {|<br /> |- valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> |<br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 85%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |- valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;|Pos<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;|Constructor<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Car&lt;br /&gt;no.<br /> ! [[1986 Brazilian Grand Prix|BRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Brazil}}<br /> ! [[1986 Spanish Grand Prix|ESP]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Spain}}<br /> ! [[1986 San Marino Grand Prix|SMR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|San Marino}}<br /> ! [[1986 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Monaco}}<br /> ! [[1986 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Belgium}}<br /> ! [[1986 Canadian Grand Prix|CAN]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Canada}}<br /> ! [[1986 Detroit Grand Prix|DET]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|United States}}<br /> ! [[1986 French Grand Prix|FRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|France}}<br /> ! [[1986 British Grand Prix|GBR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|UK}}<br /> ! [[1986 German Grand Prix|GER]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|West Germany}}<br /> ! [[1986 Hungarian Grand Prix|HUN]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Hungary}}<br /> ! [[1986 Austrian Grand Prix|AUT]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Austria}}<br /> ! [[1986 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Italy}}<br /> ! [[1986 Portuguese Grand Prix|POR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Portugal}}<br /> ! [[1986 Mexican Grand Prix|MEX]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Mexico}}<br /> ! [[1986 Australian Grand Prix|AUS]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Australia}}<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;|Pts<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 1<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[WilliamsF1|Williams]]-[[Honda F1|Honda]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 5<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| ''2''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| ''1''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| ''1''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| ''1''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;right&quot;| '''141'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 6<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| ''1''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| ''2''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''Ret''' <br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| ''3''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| ''Ret''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| ''1''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| ''4''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| ''2''<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 2<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[McLaren]]-[[Techniques d'Avant Garde|TAG]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 1<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''''1''''' <br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| ''6''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#000000&quot; style=&quot;color: white&quot;| DSQ<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;right&quot;| '''96'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 2<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''5&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;'''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 3<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[Renault F1|Renault]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 11<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;right&quot;| '''58'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 12<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''4&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;'''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| '''3'''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 4<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 27<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;right&quot;| '''37'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 28<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 5<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Equipe Ligier|Ligier]]-[[Renault F1|Renault]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 25<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 15&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;right&quot;| '''29'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 26<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 6<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Benetton Formula|Benetton]]-[[BMW in Formula One|BMW]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 19<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret <br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''''Ret'''''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;right&quot;| '''19'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 20<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| ''10''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| ''7''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 7<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell]]-[[Renault F1|Renault]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 3<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;right&quot;| '''11'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 4<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 8<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Lola Cars|Lola]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 15<br /> |<br /> | <br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret <br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;right&quot;| '''6'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 16<br /> | <br /> | <br /> |<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffffff&quot;| DNS<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 9<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Brabham]]-[[BMW in Formula One|BMW]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 7<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;right&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 8<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | <br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;white&quot;| DNS<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 10<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Arrows Grand Prix International|Arrows]]-[[BMW in Formula One|BMW]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 17<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> | <br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;right&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 18<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| —<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|FRG}} [[Zakspeed]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 14<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 29<br /> |<br /> | <br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;white&quot;| DNS<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;white&quot;| DNS<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| —<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Minardi]]-[[Motori Moderni]] <br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 23 <br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;|24 <br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| —<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Lola Cars|Lola]]-[[Hart (racing)|Hart]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 15 <br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 16<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | <br /> | <br /> |<br /> |<br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| —<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Osella]]-[[Alfa Romeo (Formula One)|Alfa Romeo]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 21<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 22<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 16<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=&quot;1&quot;| —<br /> |rowspan=&quot;1&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Automobiles Gonfaronnaises Sportives|AGS]]-[[Motori Moderni]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 31<br /> |<br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret <br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret <br /> | <br /> | <br /> |rowspan=&quot;1&quot; align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;|Pos<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;|Constructor<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Car&lt;br /&gt;no.<br /> ! [[1986 Brazilian Grand Prix|BRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Brazil}}<br /> ! [[1986 Spanish Grand Prix|ESP]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Spain}}<br /> ! [[1986 San Marino Grand Prix|SMR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|San Marino}}<br /> ! [[1986 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Monaco}}<br /> ! [[1986 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Belgium}}<br /> ! [[1986 Canadian Grand Prix|CAN]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Canada}}<br /> ! [[1986 Detroit Grand Prix|DET]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|United States}}<br /> ! [[1986 French Grand Prix|FRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|France}}<br /> ! [[1986 British Grand Prix|GBR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|UK}}<br /> ! [[1986 German Grand Prix|GER]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|West Germany}}<br /> ! [[1986 Hungarian Grand Prix|HUN]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Hungary}}<br /> ! [[1986 Austrian Grand Prix|AUT]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Austria}}<br /> ! [[1986 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Italy}}<br /> ! [[1986 Portuguese Grand Prix|POR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Portugal}}<br /> ! [[1986 Mexican Grand Prix|MEX]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Mexico}}<br /> ! [[1986 Australian Grand Prix|AUS]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Australia}}<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;|Pts<br /> |}<br /> |<br /> {{F1 driver results legend 2}}<br /> |}<br /> {{sup|†}} Drivers did not finish the Grand Prix, but were classified as they completed over 90% of the race distance.<br /> <br /> ==Notes and references==<br /> &lt;references/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * [http://www.4mula1.ro/history/article/article11.html 1986 Formula 1 review]<br /> * [http://www.f1-facts.com/results/season/1986 1986 Formula 1 results &amp; images] Retrieved from f1-facts.com on 4 September 2008<br /> <br /> {{Formula One Championship}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Formula One seasons]]<br /> [[Category:1986 in Formula One| ]]</div> Tulumino https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2001_Formula_One_World_Championship&diff=570303169 2001 Formula One World Championship 2013-08-26T19:46:38Z <p>Tulumino: /* Drivers */ see formula1.com</p> <hr /> <div>{{F1 season | year = 2001}}<br /> [[File:Michael Schumacher-I'm the man (cropped).jpg|thumb|200px|[[Michael Schumacher]] won his second title in a row with [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]], his fourth overall.]]<br /> [[File:David Coulthard 2007.jpg|thumb|200px|[[David Coulthard]] (pictured in 2007), finished runner-up for [[McLaren (racing)|McLaren]].]]<br /> [[File:Barrichello 2002.jpg|thumb|200px|Schumacher's team-mate, [[Rubens Barrichello]], finished the season ranked third.]]<br /> [[File:Schumacher brothers 2001 Canada.jpg|thumb|200px|[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]] won the 2001 Formula One World Championship for Constructors]]<br /> The '''2001 Formula One season''' was the 52nd season of [[FIA]] [[Formula One]] racing. It featured the FIA Formula One World Championship which commenced on March 4, 2001 and ended on October 14 after seventeen races. [[Michael Schumacher]] won the Drivers title with a record margin of 58 points, after achieving nine victories and five second places and [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]] won the Constructors award. The season marked the reintroduction of traction control, with the FIA permitting its use starting at the Spanish Grand Prix. Traction control had been banned since 1994.<br /> <br /> Future world champions [[Fernando Alonso]] and [[Kimi Räikkönen]] made their grand prix debuts in [[2001 Australian Grand Prix|Melbourne]], for [[Minardi]] and [[Sauber]] respectively. Colombian former [[Champ Car|CART]] champion [[Juan Pablo Montoya]] was also making his F1 bow at [[WilliamsF1|Williams]].<br /> <br /> There were new beginnings for French companies [[Renault F1|Renault]] and [[Michelin]]. After four years out of the sport, Renault returned to supply engines to the [[Benetton Formula|Benetton]] team, while Michelin’s comeback as a tyre supplier provided [[Bridgestone]] with competition for the first time since [[Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company|Goodyear]] left the sport at the end of the [[1998 Formula One Season|1998]] season. At the other end of the spectrum fellow French company [[Peugeot]] withdrew from the sport after six years following a disastrous season in 2000 as engine supplier to [[Prost Grand Prix|Prost]]. The assets of Peugeot's Formula One programme were purchased by [[Asiatech|Asia Motor Technologies France]] and the 2000-spec powerplants were rebadged as Asiatechs and supplied to [[Arrows Grand Prix International|Arrows]] free of charge.<br /> <br /> At the end of the season, double world champion [[Mika Häkkinen]] announced his intention to take a one year sabbatical; eventually this became full-time retirement. Also racing for the last time in 2001 was [[Jean Alesi]], who passed the 200 race mark shortly before his final Grand Prix in [[2001 Japanese Grand Prix|Japan]]. Veteran British commentator [[Murray Walker]] gave his final commentary at the [[2001 United States Grand Prix|United States Grand Prix]] (which would also turn out to be Mika Häkkinen’s last victory in the sport).<br /> <br /> The [[Prost Grand Prix|Prost]] and [[Benetton Formula|Benetton]] names disappeared from the sport at the end of 2001; Prost folded due to a lack of finances while Benetton was rebranded as [[Renault F1|Renault]] after the French manufacturer bought the team outright.<br /> <br /> The championship was won with ease by [[Michael Schumacher]], who finished 58 points clear of [[David Coulthard]] in second place. It was Schumacher's fourth world championship, equalling [[Alain Prost]]'s total. With Michael Schumacher's team mate, [[Rubens Barrichello]], tallying 11 podiums throughout the season, [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]] also won the Constructor’s Championship by a substantial margin. [[WilliamsF1|Williams]] drivers [[Ralf Schumacher]] and [[Juan Pablo Montoya]] both scored their maiden wins in the sport, at [[2001 San Marino Grand Prix|San Marino]] and [[2001 Italian Grand Prix|Italy]] respectively. The younger Schumacher added victories in [[2001 Canadian Grand Prix|Canada]] and [[2001 German Grand Prix|Germany]], giving the team four wins in total, marking a return to success for the Oxfordshire team after three years without a victory.<br /> <br /> [[McLaren (racing)|McLaren]] secured four wins during the season. These were shared equally amongst their drivers; [[Mika Häkkinen|Häkkinen]] winning in [[2001 British Grand Prix|Britain]] and [[2001 United States Grand Prix|America]], [[David Coulthard|Coulthard]] winning in [[2001 Brazilian Grand Prix|Brazil]] and [[2001 Austrian Grand Prix|Austria]].<br /> <br /> ==Drivers and constructors==<br /> <br /> The following [[List of Formula One constructors|teams]] and [[List of Formula One drivers|drivers]] competed in the 2001 [[FIA]] [[Formula One]] [[List of Formula One World Champions|World Championship]].<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 85%&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Team<br /> ! Constructor<br /> ! Chassis<br /> ! Engine&lt;sup&gt; †&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> ! Tyre<br /> ! No<br /> ! Driver<br /> ! Rounds<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=2 | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Scuderia Ferrari Marlboro]]<br /> ! rowspan=2 | [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> | rowspan=2 | [[Ferrari F2001|F2001]]<br /> | rowspan=2 | Ferrari 050<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{Bridgestone}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 1<br /> | {{flagicon|Germany}} [[Michael Schumacher]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 2<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Rubens Barrichello]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=2 | {{flagicon|UK}} [[McLaren|West McLaren Mercedes]]<br /> ! rowspan=2 | [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes AMG High Performance Powertrains|Mercedes]]<br /> | rowspan=2 | [[McLaren MP4-16|MP4-16]]<br /> | rowspan=2 | Mercedes FO110K<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{Bridgestone}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 3<br /> | {{flagicon|Finland}} [[Mika Häkkinen]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 4<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[David Coulthard]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=2 | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Williams F1|BMW WilliamsF1 Team]]<br /> ! rowspan=2 | [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[BMW in Formula One|BMW]]<br /> | rowspan=2 | [[Williams FW23|FW23]]<br /> | rowspan=2 | BMW P80<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{Michelin}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 5<br /> | {{flagicon|Germany}} [[Ralf Schumacher]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 6<br /> | {{flagicon|Colombia}} [[Juan Pablo Montoya]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=2 | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Benetton Formula|Mild Seven Benetton Renault]]<br /> ! rowspan=2 | [[Benetton Formula|Benetton]]-[[Renault in Formula One|Renault]]<br /> | rowspan=2 | [[Benetton B201|B201]]<br /> | rowspan=2 | Renault RS21<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{Michelin}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 7<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Giancarlo Fisichella]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 8<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Jenson Button]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=2 | {{flagicon|UK}} [[British American Racing|Lucky Strike BAR Honda]]<br /> ! rowspan=2 | [[British American Racing|BAR]]-[[Honda in Formula One|Honda]]<br /> | rowspan=2 | [[BAR 003|003]]<br /> | rowspan=2 | Honda RA001E<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{Bridgestone}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 9<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Olivier Panis]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 10<br /> | {{flagicon|Canada}} [[Jacques Villeneuve]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=5 | {{flagicon|Ireland}} [[Jordan Grand Prix|B&amp;H Jordan Honda]]<br /> ! rowspan=5 | [[Jordan Grand Prix|Jordan]]-[[Honda in Formula One|Honda]]<br /> | rowspan=5 | [[Jordan EJ11|EJ11]]<br /> | rowspan=5 | Honda RA001E<br /> | rowspan=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{Bridgestone}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot; rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| 11<br /> | {{flagicon|Germany}} [[Heinz-Harald Frentzen]]<br /> | 1-7, 9-11<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Ricardo Zonta]]<br /> | 8, 12<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Jarno Trulli]]<br /> | 13-17<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 12<br /> | 1-12<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Jean Alesi]]<br /> | 13-17<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=2 | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Arrows Grand Prix International|Orange Arrows Asiatech]]<br /> ! rowspan=2 | [[Arrows Grand Prix International|Arrows]]-[[Asiatech]]<br /> | rowspan=2 | [[Arrows A22|A22]]<br /> | rowspan=2 | Asiatech 001<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{Bridgestone}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 14<br /> | {{flagicon|Netherlands}} [[Jos Verstappen]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 15<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Enrique Bernoldi]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=2 | {{flagicon|Switzerland}} [[Sauber|Red Bull Sauber Petronas]]<br /> ! rowspan=2 | [[Sauber]]-[[Petronas]]<br /> | rowspan=2 | [[Sauber C20|C20]]<br /> | rowspan=2 | Petronas 01A<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{Bridgestone}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 16<br /> | {{flagicon|Germany}} [[Nick Heidfeld]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 17<br /> | {{flagicon|Finland}} [[Kimi Räikkönen]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=3 | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Jaguar Racing]]<br /> ! rowspan=3 | [[Jaguar Racing|Jaguar]]-[[Cosworth]]<br /> | rowspan=3 | [[Jaguar R2|R2]]<br /> | rowspan=3 | Cosworth CR-3<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{Michelin}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 18<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Eddie Irvine]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 19<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Luciano Burti]]<br /> | 1-4<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|Spain}} [[Pedro de la Rosa]]<br /> | 5-17<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=3 | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Minardi|European Minardi F1]]<br /> ! rowspan=3 | [[Minardi]]-[[European Aviation Air Charter|European]]<br /> | rowspan=3 | [[Minardi PS01|PS01]]&lt;br&gt;[[Minardi PS01|PS01B]]<br /> | rowspan=3 | European<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{Michelin}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 20<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Tarso Marques]]<br /> | 1-14<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|Malaysia}} [[Alex Yoong]]<br /> | 15-17<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| 21<br /> | {{flagicon|Spain}} [[Fernando Alonso]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=5 | {{flagicon|France}} [[Prost Grand Prix|Prost Acer]]<br /> ! rowspan=5 | [[Prost Grand Prix|Prost]]-[[Acer (engine)|Acer]]<br /> | rowspan=5 | [[Prost AP04|AP04]]<br /> | rowspan=5 | Acer 01A<br /> | rowspan=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{Michelin}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 22<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Jean Alesi]]<br /> | 1-12<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|Germany}} [[Heinz-Harald Frentzen]]<br /> | 13-17<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot; rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| 23<br /> | {{flagicon|Argentina}} [[Gastón Mazzacane]]<br /> | 1-4<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Luciano Burti]]<br /> | 5-14<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|Czech Republic}} [[Tomáš Enge]]<br /> | 15-17<br /> |}<br /> &lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt; All engines were 3.0 litre, [[V10 engine|V10]] configuration.<br /> <br /> ===Driver changes===<br /> <br /> The 2001 season featured several driver lineup changes prior to the season, and more changes during the season proper, as follows in the table:<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 85%&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !<br /> !colspan=&quot;4&quot;| Start of the Season<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot;| During the Season<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| Driver<br /> !colspan=&quot;2&quot;| Before<br /> !colspan=&quot;2&quot;| After<br /> |-<br /> ! Team<br /> ! Position<br /> ! Team<br /> ! Position<br /> ! Team<br /> ! Position<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Olivier Panis]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[McLaren]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| Test/Reserve Driver<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[British American Racing|BAR]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| Full Time Driver<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Ricardo Zonta]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[British American Racing|BAR]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| Full Time Driver<br /> | {{flagicon|Ireland}} [[Jordan Grand Prix|Jordan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| Test/Reserve Driver<br /> | {{flagicon|Ireland}} [[Jordan Grand Prix|Jordan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| Full Time Driver<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Jenson Button]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[WilliamsF1|Williams]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| Full Time Driver<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Benetton Formula|Benetton]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| Full Time Driver<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|Colombia}} [[Juan Pablo Montoya]]<br /> | {{flagicon|USA}} [[Chip Ganassi Racing|Chip Ganassi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [[Champ Car|CART]] Driver<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[WilliamsF1|Williams]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| Full Time Driver<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|Argentina}} [[Gastón Mazzacane]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Minardi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| Full Time Driver<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Prost Grand Prix|Prost]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| Full Time Driver<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| —<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| Released<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|Germany}} [[Nick Heidfeld]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Prost Grand Prix|Prost]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| Full Time Driver<br /> | {{flagicon|Switzerland}} [[Sauber]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| Full Time Driver<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|Spain}} [[Fernando Alonso]]<br /> | {{flagicon|BEL}} [[Team Astromega|Astromega]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [[International Formula 3000|Formula 3000]] Driver<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Minardi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| Full Time Driver<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Tarso Marques]]<br /> | {{flagicon|USA}} [[Dale Coyne Racing|Dale Coyne]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [[CART World Series|CART]] Driver<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Minardi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| Full Time Driver<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Minardi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| Test/Reserve Driver<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|Finland}} [[Kimi Räikkönen]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Manor Motorsport|Manor]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [[Formula Renault]] Driver<br /> | {{flagicon|Switzerland}} [[Sauber]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| Full Time Driver<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Luciano Burti]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Jaguar Racing|Jaguar]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| Test/Reserve Driver<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Jaguar Racing|Jaguar]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| Full Time Driver<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Prost Grand Prix|Prost]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| Full Time Driver<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|Spain}} [[Pedro de la Rosa]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Arrows Grand Prix International|Arrows]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| Full Time Driver<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Prost Grand Prix|Prost]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| Test/Reserve Driver<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Jaguar Racing|Jaguar]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| Full Time Driver<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Enrique Bernoldi]]<br /> | {{flagicon|AUT}} [[RSM Marko]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [[International Formula 3000|Formula 3000]] Driver<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Arrows Grand Prix International|Arrows]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| Full Time Driver<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Jean Alesi]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Prost Grand Prix|Prost]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| Full Time Driver<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Prost Grand Prix|Prost]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| Full Time Driver<br /> | {{flagicon|Ireland}} [[Jordan Grand Prix|Jordan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| Full Time Driver<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|Germany}} [[Heinz-Harald Frentzen]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Ireland}} [[Jordan Grand Prix|Jordan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| Full Time Driver<br /> | {{flagicon|Ireland}} [[Jordan Grand Prix|Jordan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| Full Time Driver<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Prost Grand Prix|Prost]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| Full Time Driver<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|Malaysia}} [[Alex Yoong]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Malaysia}} [[Team Malaysia]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [[Formula Nippon]] Driver<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| —<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [[Formula Nippon]] Driver<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Minardi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| Full Time Driver<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|Czech Republic}} [[Tomáš Enge]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[West Competition|West]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [[International Formula 3000|Formula 3000]] Driver<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| —<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [[International Formula 3000|Formula 3000]] Driver<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Prost Grand Prix|Prost]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| Full Time Driver<br /> |}<br /> <br /> Before the season opener in Australia, the following lineup changes had occurred:<br /> <br /> [[File:Minardi Ps01.jpg|thumb|right|[[Fernando Alonso]] started his first season in [[Formula One]] with the [[Minardi]] team.]]<br /> [[File:Button 2001.jpg|thumb|right|[[Jenson Button]] moved to the [[Benetton Formula|Benetton]] team because his [[Williams F1|Williams]] seat had been taken over by [[Juan Pablo Montoya]].]]<br /> * Olivier Panis left his test position with McLaren to take up a full-time drive with [[British American Racing|BAR]].<br /> * Ricardo Zonta lost his [[British American Racing|BAR]] drive to Panis, and took up the position of test driver with Jordan.<br /> * Although still on contract to Williams, Jenson Button was &quot;loaned&quot; to Benetton for the 2001 season.<br /> * Button replaced Alexander Wurz at Benetton. Wurz had fallen out of favour with team boss Flavio Briatore and moved on to become test driver at McLaren.<br /> * Button's place in the Williams was taken over by Juan Pablo Montoya. (Montoya had been in a relationship with Williams since 1998, and had been &quot;farmed out&quot; to the [[Champ Car|CART]] series in 1999, where he took the title in his first attempt, and also a victory in the [[2000 Indianapolis 500]].)<br /> * Marc Gené lost his seat at Minardi due to sponsorship problems. ([[Telefonica]] had been backing Gené financially and therefore helped fund the struggling Minardi team.) Gené signed a contract to become test driver at Williams where he remained until the end of [[2004 Formula One season|2004]].<br /> * Gastón Mazzacane also moved away from Minardi for 2001, and started the season with the Prost team where he took over for the Sauber-bound Nick Heidfeld.<br /> * Minardi's first signing of the new season was Fernando Alonso, who took over from Marc Gené.<br /> * Tarso Marques returned to Minardi to fill the second seat there after several seasons racing in America. (Marques had driven for Minardi in 1996 and 1997.)<br /> * Nick Heidfeld left Prost to join the Sauber team for 2001. He replaced Mika Salo who signed up with the Toyota team to perform development work.<br /> * Pedro Diniz did not return as a driver for Sauber, but instead purchased 40% of the Prost team and served in a management role there in 2001. (Diniz and Alain Prost had a major falling out during the season. Diniz then sold his share of Prost and returned to South America where he became a motorsport promoter.)<br /> * Kimi Räikkönen was signed to Sauber for a full drive from near obscurity. He had performed some testing for Sauber in late 2000 after dominating the British Formula Renault series, and so impressed Peter Sauber that he was given the full-time drive next to Nick Heidfeld. (There were concerns that Räikkönen was too inexperienced for F1, and his superlicence granting was somewhat controversial during the off season.)<br /> * Johnny Herbert decided to leave the Jaguar team in an attempt to secure a drive in American Champ Cars. The deal did not work out, and he was forced to sign on with Arrows as a test driver for 2001.<br /> * Luciano Burti stepped up from test driver to fill Herbert's slot at Jaguar.<br /> * Pedro de la Rosa lost his drive at Arrows to Enrique Bernoldi and signed on as a reserve drive with Prost.<br /> <br /> During the season even more changes occurred:<br /> <br /> [[File:Alesi 2001 (cropped).jpg|thumb|right|During the season, [[Jean Alesi]] quit his [[Prost Grand Prix|Prost]] drive and later joined the [[Jordan Grand Prix|Jordan]] team.]]<br /> * Management at Prost quickly reached the conclusion that Gastón Mazzacane was not fast enough in comparison to Jean Alesi and he was fired.<br /> * Luciano Burti left Jaguar to take over Mazzacane's seat at Prost.<br /> * Pedro de la Rosa then left his reserve seat at Prost for a full drive at Jaguar.<br /> * Jean Alesi quit his Prost drive. This left Prost with none of their starting drivers from the season opener.<br /> * Heinz-Harald Frentzen suffered injuries after a crash and was replaced for the Canadian GP by reserve driver Ricardo Zonta.<br /> * After returning from his injuries, Frentzen's contract was terminated by Jordan after the British GP. The split was not a happy one, and the matter ended in court before the season's end. Zonta took over Frentzen's drive for the German GP.<br /> * Frentzen was then signed to Prost to take over from Alesi.<br /> * Alesi was also signed by Jordan to take over from Frentzen. This meant the Prost and Jordan had simply swapped drivers mid-season.<br /> * Alex Yoong was granted his FIA super-licence during the 2001 season, and replaced Tarso Marques in the Minardi starting lineup. Marques moved into a reserve/test role for the rest of the season.<br /> * Luciano Burti suffered serious injuries during a crash in the Belgian GP. He was forced to sit out the rest of the 2001 season and was replaced by Czech driver Tomáš Enge for the remaining races. This left Prost in the position of having ''five'' starting drivers during 2001.<br /> <br /> ===Team changes===<br /> There were no team changes from 2000.<br /> <br /> ==Formula One 2001 race schedule==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 90%&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Rnd<br /> ! Race<br /> ! Date<br /> ! Location<br /> |-<br /> ! 1<br /> | [[Australian Grand Prix]]<br /> | 4 March<br /> | {{flagicon|Australia}} [[Melbourne Grand Prix Circuit]], [[Melbourne]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 2<br /> | [[Malaysian Grand Prix]]<br /> | 18 March<br /> | {{flagicon|Malaysia}} [[Sepang International Circuit]], [[Kuala Lumpur]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 3<br /> | [[Brazilian Grand Prix]]<br /> | 1 April<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Autódromo José Carlos Pace]], [[São Paulo]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 4<br /> | [[San Marino Grand Prix]]<br /> | 15 April<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Autodromo Enzo e Dino Ferrari]], [[Imola]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 5<br /> | [[Spanish Grand Prix]]<br /> | 29 April<br /> | {{flagicon|Spain}} [[Circuit de Catalunya]], [[Barcelona]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 6<br /> | [[Austrian Grand Prix]]<br /> | 13 May<br /> | {{flagicon|Austria}} [[A1-Ring]], [[Spielberg, Austria|Spielberg]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 7<br /> | [[Monaco Grand Prix]]<br /> | 27 May<br /> | {{flagicon|Monaco}} [[Circuit de Monaco]], [[Monte Carlo]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 8<br /> | [[Canadian Grand Prix]]<br /> | 10 June<br /> | {{flagicon|Canada}} [[Circuit Gilles Villeneuve]], [[Montreal]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 9<br /> | [[European Grand Prix]]<br /> | 24 June<br /> | {{flagicon|Germany}} [[Nürburgring]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 10<br /> | [[French Grand Prix]]<br /> | 1 July<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Circuit de Nevers Magny-Cours]], [[Magny-Cours]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 11<br /> | [[British Grand Prix]]<br /> | 15 July<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Silverstone Circuit]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 12<br /> | [[German Grand Prix]]<br /> | 29 July<br /> | {{flagicon|Germany}} [[Hockenheimring]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 13<br /> | [[Hungarian Grand Prix]]<br /> | 19 August<br /> | {{flagicon|Hungary}} [[Hungaroring]], [[Budapest]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 14<br /> | [[Belgian Grand Prix]]<br /> | 2 September<br /> | {{flagicon|Belgium}} [[Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps]], [[Spa, Belgium|Spa]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 15<br /> | [[Italian Grand Prix]]<br /> | 16 September<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Autodromo Nazionale Monza]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 16<br /> | [[United States Grand Prix]]<br /> | 30 September<br /> | {{flagicon|United States}} [[Indianapolis Motor Speedway]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 17<br /> | [[Japanese Grand Prix]]<br /> | 14 October<br /> | {{flagicon|Japan}} [[Suzuka Circuit]]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Reports==<br /> [[Michael Schumacher]] started the new season where he left off last year, with a dominant win from pole position in the first race in Australia. Arch-rival [[Mika Häkkinen]] lost second after a suspension failure, giving second to his teammate [[David Coulthard]], with Schumacher's teammate [[Rubens Barrichello]] completing the podium. The race was marred by the death of Graham Beveridge, a track marshal who was hit by debris after a collision between [[Ralf Schumacher]] and [[Jacques Villeneuve]].<br /> <br /> [[File:Heinz-Harald Frentzen 2001 Canada.jpg|thumb|left|[[Heinz Harald Frentzen]] drove for the [[Jordan Grand Prix|Jordan]] team at the start of the season, but later moved to [[Prost Grand Prix|Prost]].]] <br /> Schumacher and [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]] teammate Barrichello started 1-2 in Malaysia and maintained their positions at the first corner, but there was a massive rainshower on the second lap, during which both Ferraris went off the track. After everyone pitted to change tyres, the Ferraris were down in 10th and 11th, but they changed to intermediates while all others had changed to wets. This masterstroke meant that the Ferraris were able to charge back up the order, and get back first and second. Schumacher won, with Barrichello completing a Ferrari 1-2, and Coulthard was third.<br /> <br /> Schumacher was on pole in Brazil, but a collision on the first lap brought out the safety car. As the race restarted, [[WilliamsF1|Williams]] rookie [[Juan Pablo Montoya]] shocked Schumacher by coming up the inside of him and taking the lead. Montoya was well set for a stunning maiden win until he got hit from behind by [[Jos Verstappen]] while lapping him. It began to rain, and after everyone changed the tyres, Schumacher was leading but then Coulthard passed him on the first turn when they were lapping [[Tarso Marques]] in a move reminiscent to the one made by [[Mika Häkkinen]] on Schumacher in Belgium last year. Coulthard went on to win, with Schumacher and [[Nick Heidfeld]] second and third.<br /> <br /> In Ferrari's first 'home' race in San Marino, their chief rivals [[McLaren (racing)|McLaren]] stunned them by qualifying 1-2, with Coulthard on pole. Schumacher was fourth behind his brother [[Ralf Schumacher]]. Ralf shot to the lead at the start, passing both McLarens before the first corner, and was never headed. Coulthard ran him close, and finished second, with Barrichello jumping Häkkinen in the stops to take third. Schumacher had to retire after a puncture.<br /> <br /> After 4 races, Schumacher and Coulthard were level on the standings with 26 points, Barrichello and Ralf were third with 14 and 12 points respectively. Häkkinen had only 4, and was only seventh in the standings. In the Constructors, Ferrari led with 40, with McLaren second with 30. Williams were third with 12.<br /> <br /> [[File:Jacques Villeneuve 2001 Canada 2.jpg|thumb|right|[[Jacques Villeneuve]] gave the [[British American Racing|BAR]] team their first ever podium finish at the {{F1 GP|2001|Spanish}}.]]<br /> The next round in Spain was a battle between Schumacher and Häkkinen, with the former winning pole and leading the first two parts of the race. During the second pit stop, Schumacher had a problem and lost a lot of time, giving the lead to Häkkinen, who then stretched it to half a minute, as Schumacher was struggling with a suspension problem. Ironically, it was Häkkinen's car which gave out first, on the last lap with a clutch failure, giving the win to Schumacher. Montoya finished second, and [[Jacques Villeneuve]] completed the podium. Coulthard recovered to fifth after stalling on the grid.<br /> <br /> The sixth round was in Austria, and the two [[WilliamsF1|Williams]] cars outdragged polesitter Schumacher into the first corner. Ralf retired with a brake problem, and this left Montoya under attack from Schumacher. Schumacher tried to pass, but instead both went into the gravel, and rejoined sixth and seventh. Coulthard took the lead by jumping [[Rubens Barrichello]] in the second round of stops, and won, while Barrichello had to yield second to a recovering Schumacher on the final lap.<br /> <br /> Round 7 was in Monaco, and Coulthard took pole but stalled on the grid. This left the two Ferraris and Häkkinen to battle for the win, and when Häkkinen's engine failed early on, the Ferraris cruised to a 1-2 finish, with Schumacher winning ahead of Barrichello. The demise of the McLarens allowed [[Eddie Irvine]] to get a podium, while Coulthard recovered to fifth.<br /> <br /> [[File:Ralf Schumacher 2001 Canada.jpg|thumb|left|[[Ralf Schumacher]] won the {{F1 GP|2001|Canadian}}, after a closely fought battle with his brother [[Michael Schumacher|Michael]].]]<br /> The round in Canada was a battle between the Schumacher brothers, with Michael taking pole and maintaining his lead at the first corner. Ralf, however, kept up with him, and when his brother pitted, upped the pace with a string of quick laps, and came out five seconds ahead. Ralf cruised to victory, with his brother making it the first time ever that brothers have finished 1-2 in a race, and Häkkinen finished third, his first podium of the season. Coulthard was set for third, but retired when his engine failed 15 laps from the finish.<br /> <br /> With nearly half the season complete, Schumacher had 58 points, and leads Coulthard by 18 points, mostly courtesy of the seventh and eighth rounds. Coulthard, had a further 16 points over Barrichello who had 24 points, and 18 over Ralf, who had 22. Häkkinen was fifth with 8. In the Constructors, Ferrari with 82 points had a huge lead over McLaren, who had 48. Williams were third with 28.<br /> <br /> The next race, the European Grand Prix was again all about the Schumacher brothers, and Michael took his seventh pole of the season, ahead of his brother. The brothers maintained their positions at the start, and Ralf was able to keep up in second during the first stint. However, he passed the white line after his first stop, and received a stop-go penalty which dropped him out of contention. This left Michael Schumacher to cruise to another victory, with Montoya in second, and Coulthard third. Ralf, even with his penalty was able to get fourth ahead of Barrichello and Häkkinen.<br /> <br /> In the French Grand Prix, the Schumacher brothers started 1-2 again, but it was Ralf who took pole, his first ever career pole. Ralf maintained his lead at the start but his brother jumped him at the first round of stops and then pulled away. Coulthard, who had started third was in contention until he went over the white line while coming out of the pit lane and received a stop-go penalty. Montoya was running quickly, and could have challenged his teammate for second had his engine not blown up. Schumacher won comfortably from brother Ralf, with Barrichello holding off Coulthard for third.<br /> <br /> [[File:Mika Hakkinen 2001 Canada.jpg|thumb|right|[[Mika Häkkinen]] completed his final season in [[Formula One]] by taking two victories, in [[2001 British Grand Prix|Britain]] and in the [[2001 United States Grand Prix|United States]].]]<br /> Schumacher took pole for the British GP and maintained his position at the first corner, but Häkkinen, who was on a two-stopper passed him on the fifth lap. Häkkinen never looked back and dominated to take his first win of the year. Schumacher, whose one-stop strategy didn't work out well, was over half a minute back in second, and Barrichello completed the podium.<br /> <br /> The weekend of the German GP was dominated by the [[WilliamsF1|Williams]] team, and their drivers locked out the front row, and Montoya took his first career pole. Montoya converted his pole to a lead at the start, and was looking well set to win until his engine blew up. This left Ralf to cruise to victory, and Barrichello took second and [[Jacques Villeneuve]] got his second podium of the season in third, both capitalising on Schumacher's retirement with a fuel pressure problem, and both McLarens retiring with engine failures.<br /> <br /> Schumacher now had no less than 84 points, and it seemed inevitable that he would win the championship. A win in the next round in Hungary would be enough. Coulthard was a distant second with 47, and was looking anxiously over his shoulders, as Ralf with 41 and Barrichello with 37 were hot on his heels. Häkkinen and Montoya were fifth and sixth with 19 and 15 points respectively. In the Constructors, Ferrari led with 121 compared to McLaren's 66, and a 1-2 in Hungary will wrap up the title. Williams were third with 56, with touching distance of McLaren.<br /> <br /> [[File:Michael Schumacher 2001 Canada.jpg|thumb|left|[[Michael Schumacher]] clinched his fourth World Championship with a victory at the {{F1 GP|2001|Hungarian}}.]]<br /> Schumacher took another step to winning the title by taking pole in the Hungarian GP, ahead of Coulthard and Barrichello. Schumacher kept first at the start, but Coulthard was passed by Barrichello. Schumacher pulled away, while Barrichello kept Coulthard at bay. Coulthard jumped Barrichello at the first round of stops, only for the Brazilian to return the favour at the second. Schumacher won the race and the championship, and Barrichello made it a Ferrari 1-2 which gave Ferrari the Constructors championship. A disappointed Coulthard finished third.<br /> <br /> The two Williams cars of Montoya and Ralf qualified 1-2 for the Belgian GP, but that soon came to nothing for the former when he stalled on the grid, and started at the back. Ralf was quickly passed by world champion Michael Schumacher into the first corner. After a few laps, there was a collision between [[Eddie Irvine]] and [[Luciano Burti]], and the latter ran head on into the tyres. The race was stopped, while Burti was treated for his injuries. While the injuries were not serious, Burti was never to race in F1 again. A new race, shortened to 36 laps was started, and the top 3 in the new grid were: Schumacher, Ralf, Barrichello. Ralf's car was on its jacks when the warmup started, and he too had to start at the back. Schumacher kept first at the start, and pulled away, while Barrichello lost out to [[Giancarlo Fisichella]]. Barrichello lost further time when he ran over a bollard at the Bus Stop chicane and damaging his front wing, and he had to around for an entire lap before pitting to change the wing. This left the two McLarens behind Fisichella. Coulthard was able to pass him with 10 laps left. Schumacher took his 52nd career win, breaking [[Alain Prost]]'s record of most wins ever, with Coulthard and a superb Fisichella completing the podium.<br /> <br /> The next round was in Italy, the first race after the [[September 11 attacks]] and before the race [[Michael Schumacher]] wanted all the drivers to go slowly at the first corner, due to 9/11 and a horrific accident in ChampCar the day before in which former F1 driver [[Alex Zanardi]] suffered serious injuries but this plan did not work out because [[Jacques Villeneuve]] and [[Benetton Formula|Benetton]] boss [[Flavio Briatore]] did not accept it. The [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]] team ran with a black tip on their nose, as respect for 9/11. Montoya took pole, ahead of the two Ferraris of Barrichello and Schumacher. The top 3 maintained their positions at the start, but Montoya was soon passed by a two-stopping Barrichello. Montoya and Barrichello battled it out with different plans, and Montoya came out on top after Barrichello suffered problems during his first stop which cost him 7 seconds. A jubilant Montoya took his first career win, with Barrichello and Ralf second and third.<br /> <br /> [[File:Flag crowd.jpg|thumb|right|The {{F1 GP|2001|United States}} was the first international sporting event held in [[United States of America|the USA]] after [[September 11 attacks|9/11]].]]<br /> The US GP was the host of the penultimate round, and Schumacher took pole ahead of his brother and Montoya. Schumacher led into the first corner, while Ralf lost out to both Montoya and Barrichello. A two-stopping Barrichello soon took the lead, and pitted. Montoya passes Schumacher before the round of stops, but retired two laps after his stop when his engine failed. With everyone stopping once, Barrichello was leading from Häkkinen, Schumacher and Coulthard. Barrichello rejoined second behind Häkkinen after his stop and started to close in until his engine failed on the penultimate lap. Häkkinen took a superb win (which turned out to be his last), and Barrichello's demise left Schumacher and Coulthard to take second and third.<br /> <br /> Going into the final race, this was the championship standings: Schumacher the champion with 113, Coulthard second with 61, Barrichello third with 54, Ralf fourth with 48, Häkkinen fifth with 34 and Montoya sixth with 25. In the Constructors, Ferrari were champions with 167, McLaren with 95 were confirmed in second, and Williams with 73 were confirmed in third.<br /> <br /> The last round was in Japan, and Schumacher took pole again, ahead of Montoya and Ralf. The top 3 kept their places into the first corner, even though Ralf was soon passed by a three-stopping Barrichello. Barrichello was unable to pass Montoya, and this ruined his strategy. Ralf was given a stop-go penalty for cutting the chicane at the last corner too frequently. This left Häkkinen running third in his last race in F1, but he gave the position to teammate Coulthard as a token of gratitude to all the support Coulthard gave him during the previous seasons. Schumacher capped off the season with a victory ahead of Montoya and Coulthard. Häkkinen was fourth in his last ever race, ahead of Barrichello and Ralf.<br /> <br /> At the end of the season, Schumacher was a dominant champion with 123 points. Coulthard with 65 was a distant second, 58 points behind. Barrichello was third with 56, Ralf fourth with 49, Häkkinen fifth with 37 and Montoya sixth with 31. This meant that Schumacher had collected more than second and third placed drivers' (Coulthard and Barichello) totals put together. In the Constructors, Ferrari were champions with 179 points, a massive 77 ahead of second-placed McLaren with 102. Williams were third with 80 points.<br /> <br /> ==Results and standings==<br /> <br /> ===Grands Prix===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 85%&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Rd.<br /> ! Grand Prix<br /> ! Pole Position<br /> ! Fastest Lap<br /> ! Winning Driver<br /> ! Constructor<br /> ! Report<br /> |-<br /> ! 1<br /> | {{flagicon|Australia}} [[Australian Grand Prix]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Germany}} [[Michael Schumacher]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Germany}} [[Michael Schumacher]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Germany}} [[Michael Schumacher]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> | [[2001 Australian Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 2<br /> | {{flagicon|Malaysia}} [[Malaysian Grand Prix]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Germany}} [[Michael Schumacher]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Finland}} [[Mika Häkkinen]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Germany}} [[Michael Schumacher]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> | [[2001 Malaysian Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 3<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Brazilian Grand Prix]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Germany}} [[Michael Schumacher]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Germany}} [[Ralf Schumacher]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[David Coulthard]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz High Performance Engines|Mercedes]]<br /> | [[2001 Brazilian Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 4<br /> | {{flagicon|San Marino}} [[San Marino Grand Prix]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[David Coulthard]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Germany}} [[Ralf Schumacher]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Germany}} [[Ralf Schumacher]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[WilliamsF1|Williams]]-[[BMW in Formula One|BMW]]<br /> | [[2001 San Marino Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 5<br /> | {{flagicon|Spain}} [[Spanish Grand Prix]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Germany}} [[Michael Schumacher]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Germany}} [[Michael Schumacher]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Germany}} [[Michael Schumacher]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> | [[2001 Spanish Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 6<br /> | {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Austrian Grand Prix]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Germany}} [[Michael Schumacher]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[David Coulthard]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[David Coulthard]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz High Performance Engines|Mercedes]]<br /> | [[2001 Austrian Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 7<br /> | {{flagicon|Monaco}} [[Monaco Grand Prix]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[David Coulthard]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[David Coulthard]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Germany}} [[Michael Schumacher]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> | [[2001 Monaco Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 8<br /> | {{flagicon|Canada}} [[Canadian Grand Prix]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Germany}} [[Michael Schumacher]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Germany}} [[Ralf Schumacher]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Germany}} [[Ralf Schumacher]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[WilliamsF1|Williams]]-[[BMW in Formula One|BMW]]<br /> | [[2001 Canadian Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 9<br /> | {{flagicon|Germany}} [[European Grand Prix]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Germany}} [[Michael Schumacher]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Colombia}} [[Juan Pablo Montoya]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Germany}} [[Michael Schumacher]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> | [[2001 European Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 10<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[French Grand Prix]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Germany}} [[Ralf Schumacher]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[David Coulthard]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Germany}} [[Michael Schumacher]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> | [[2001 French Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 11<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[British Grand Prix]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Germany}} [[Michael Schumacher]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Finland}} [[Mika Häkkinen]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Finland}} [[Mika Häkkinen]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz High Performance Engines|Mercedes]]<br /> | [[2001 British Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 12<br /> | {{flagicon|Germany}} [[German Grand Prix]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Colombia}} [[Juan Pablo Montoya]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Colombia}} [[Juan Pablo Montoya]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Germany}} [[Ralf Schumacher]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[WilliamsF1|Williams]]-[[BMW in Formula One|BMW]]<br /> | [[2001 German Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 13<br /> | {{flagicon|Hungary}} [[Hungarian Grand Prix]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Germany}} [[Michael Schumacher]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Finland}} [[Mika Häkkinen]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Germany}} [[Michael Schumacher]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> | [[2001 Hungarian Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 14<br /> | {{flagicon|Belgium}} [[Belgian Grand Prix]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Colombia}} [[Juan Pablo Montoya]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Germany}} [[Michael Schumacher]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Germany}} [[Michael Schumacher]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> | [[2001 Belgian Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 15<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Italian Grand Prix]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Colombia}} [[Juan Pablo Montoya]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Germany}} [[Ralf Schumacher]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Colombia}} [[Juan Pablo Montoya]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[WilliamsF1|Williams]]-[[BMW in Formula One|BMW]]<br /> | [[2001 Italian Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 16<br /> | {{flagicon|USA}} [[United States Grand Prix]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Germany}} [[Michael Schumacher]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Colombia}} [[Juan Pablo Montoya]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Finland}} [[Mika Häkkinen]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz High Performance Engines|Mercedes]]<br /> | [[2001 United States Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 17<br /> | {{flagicon|Japan}} [[Japanese Grand Prix]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Germany}} [[Michael Schumacher]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Germany}} [[Ralf Schumacher]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Germany}} [[Michael Schumacher]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> | [[2001 Japanese Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Drivers===<br /> <br /> {|<br /> |- valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> |<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 85%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |- valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Pos<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Driver<br /> ! [[2001 Australian Grand Prix|AUS]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Australia}}<br /> ! [[2001 Malaysian Grand Prix|MAL]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Malaysia}}<br /> ! [[2001 Brazilian Grand Prix|BRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Brazil}}<br /> ! [[2001 San Marino Grand Prix|SMR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|San Marino}}<br /> ! [[2001 Spanish Grand Prix|ESP]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Spain}}<br /> ! [[2001 Austrian Grand Prix|AUT]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Austria}}<br /> ! [[2001 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Monaco}}<br /> ! [[2001 Canadian Grand Prix|CAN]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Canada}}<br /> ! [[2001 European Grand Prix|EUR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Germany}}<br /> ! [[2001 French Grand Prix|FRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|France}}<br /> ! [[2001 British Grand Prix|GBR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|UK}}<br /> ! [[2001 German Grand Prix|GER]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Germany}}<br /> ! [[2001 Hungarian Grand Prix|HUN]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Hungary}}<br /> ! [[2001 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Belgium}}<br /> ! [[2001 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Italy}}<br /> ! [[2001 United States Grand Prix|USA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|US}}<br /> ! [[2001 Japanese Grand Prix|JPN]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Japan}}<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| [[List of Formula One World Championship points scoring systems|Points]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 1<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Germany}} [[Michael Schumacher]]<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffffbf;&quot;| '''''1'''''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffffbf;&quot;| '''1'''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfdfdf;&quot;| '''2'''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffffbf;&quot;| '''''1'''''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfdfdf;&quot;| '''2'''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffffbf;&quot;| 1<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfdfdf;&quot;| '''2'''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffffbf;&quot;| '''1'''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffffbf;&quot;| 1<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfdfdf;&quot;| '''2'''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffffbf;&quot;| '''1'''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffffbf;&quot;| ''1''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 4<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfdfdf;&quot;| '''2'''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffffbf;&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''123'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 2<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[David Coulthard]]<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfdfdf;&quot;| 2<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffdf9f;&quot;| 3<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffffbf;&quot;| 1<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfdfdf;&quot;| '''2'''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 5<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffffbf;&quot;| ''1''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| '''''5'''''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffdf9f;&quot;| 3<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| ''4''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffdf9f;&quot;| 3<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfdfdf;&quot;| 2<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffdf9f;&quot;| 3<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffdf9f;&quot;| 3<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''65'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 3<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Rubens Barrichello]]<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffdf9f;&quot;| 3<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfdfdf;&quot;| 2<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffdf9f;&quot;| 3<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffdf9f;&quot;| 3<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfdfdf;&quot;| 2<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 5<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffdf9f;&quot;| 3<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffdf9f;&quot;| 3<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfdfdf;&quot;| 2<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfdfdf;&quot;| 2<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 5<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfdfdf;&quot;| 2<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 15&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 5<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''56'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 4<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Germany}} [[Ralf Schumacher]]<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 5<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| ''Ret''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffffbf;&quot;| ''1''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffffbf;&quot;| ''1''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 4<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfdfdf;&quot;| '''2'''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffffbf;&quot;| 1<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 4<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 7<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffdf9f;&quot;| ''3''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| ''6''<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''49'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 5<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Finland}} [[Mika Häkkinen]]<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| ''6''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 4<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 9&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffdf9f;&quot;| 3<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 6<br /> | style=&quot;background:#fff;&quot;| DNS<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffffbf;&quot;| ''1''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| ''5''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 4<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffffbf;&quot;| 1<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 4<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''37'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 6<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Colombia}} [[Juan Pablo Montoya]]<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfdfdf;&quot;| 2<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfdfdf;&quot;| ''2''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 4<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| '''''Ret'''''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 8<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffffbf;&quot;| '''1'''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| ''Ret''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfdfdf;&quot;| 2<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''31'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 7<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Canada}} [[Jacques Villeneuve]]<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 7<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffdf9f;&quot;| 3<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 8<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 4<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 9<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 8<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffdf9f;&quot;| 3<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 9<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 8<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 6<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 10<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''12'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 8<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Germany}} [[Nick Heidfeld]]<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 4<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffdf9f;&quot;| 3<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 7<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 6<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 9<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 6<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 6<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 6<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 11<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 6<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 9<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''12'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 9<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Jarno Trulli]]<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 8<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 5<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 5<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 4<br /> | style=&quot;background:#000; color:white;&quot;|DSQ<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 11&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 5<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 4<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 8<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''12'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 10<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Finland}} [[Kimi Räikkönen]]<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 6<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 8<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 4<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 10<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 4<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 10<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 7<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 5<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 7<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 7<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''9'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 11<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Giancarlo Fisichella]]<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 13<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 6<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 14<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 11<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 11<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 13<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 4<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffdf9f;&quot;| 3<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 10<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 8<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 17&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''8'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 12<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Eddie Irvine]]<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 10<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 7<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffdf9f;&quot;| 3<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 7<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 9<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 5<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''6'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 13<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Germany}} [[Heinz-Harald Frentzen]]<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 5<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 4<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 11&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 6<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 8<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 7<br /> |<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 9<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 10<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 12<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''6'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 14<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[Olivier Panis]]<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 7<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 4<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 8<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 7<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 5<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 9<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 7<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 11<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 9<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 11<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 13<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''5'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 15<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[Jean Alesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 9<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 9<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 8<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 9<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 10<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 10<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 6<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 5<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 15&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 12<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 11<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 6<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 10<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 6<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 8<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 7<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''5'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 16<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Spain}} [[Pedro de la Rosa]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 6<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 8<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 14<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 12<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 11<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 5<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 12<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 17<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Jenson Button]]<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 14&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 11<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 10<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 12<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 15<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 7<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 13<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 16&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 15<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 5<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 9<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 7<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 18<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Netherlands}} [[Jos Verstappen]]<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 11<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 7<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 12<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 6<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 8<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 10&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 13<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 10<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 9<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 12<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 10<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 15<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 19<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Ricardo Zonta]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 7<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 20<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Luciano Burti]]<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 8<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 10<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 11<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 11<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 11<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 8<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 12<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 10<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 21<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Enrique Bernoldi]]<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 10<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 9<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 14<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 8<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 12<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 13<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 14<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 22<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Tarso Marques]]<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 14<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 9<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 16<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 9<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 15<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffcfcf;&quot;|DNQ<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 13<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 23<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Spain}} [[Fernando Alonso]]<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 12<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 13<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 13<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 14<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 17&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 16<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 10<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 13<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 11<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 24<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Czech Republic}} [[Tomáš Enge]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 12<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 14<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 25<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Argentina}} [[Gastón Mazzacane]]<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 12<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 26<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Malaysia}} [[Alex Yoong]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 16<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |- valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Pos<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Driver<br /> ! [[2001 Australian Grand Prix|AUS]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Australia}}<br /> ! [[2001 Malaysian Grand Prix|MAL]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Malaysia}}<br /> ! [[2001 Brazilian Grand Prix|BRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Brazil}}<br /> ! [[2001 San Marino Grand Prix|SMR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|San Marino}}<br /> ! [[2001 Spanish Grand Prix|ESP]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Spain}}<br /> ! [[2001 Austrian Grand Prix|AUT]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Austria}}<br /> ! [[2001 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Monaco}}<br /> ! [[2001 Canadian Grand Prix|CAN]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Canada}}<br /> ! [[2001 European Grand Prix|EUR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Germany}}<br /> ! [[2001 French Grand Prix|FRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|France}}<br /> ! [[2001 British Grand Prix|GBR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|UK}}<br /> ! [[2001 German Grand Prix|GER]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Germany}}<br /> ! [[2001 Hungarian Grand Prix|HUN]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Hungary}}<br /> ! [[2001 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Belgium}}<br /> ! [[2001 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Italy}}<br /> ! [[2001 United States Grand Prix|USA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|US}}<br /> ! [[2001 Japanese Grand Prix|JPN]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Japan}}<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| [[List of Formula One World Championship points scoring systems|Points]]<br /> |}<br /> |<br /> {{F1 driver results legend 2}}<br /> &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:85%&quot;&gt;'''Bold''' – Pole&lt;br /&gt;<br /> ''Italics'' – Fastest lap&lt;/span&gt;<br /> |}<br /> {{sup|†}} Drivers did not finish the Grand Prix, but were classified as they completed over 90% of the race distance.<br /> <br /> ===Constructors===<br /> <br /> [[File:Schumacher Europe 2001.jpg|thumb|right|[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]] won their third consecutive constructors' championship with the [[Ferrari F2001|F2001.]]]]<br /> <br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 85%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |- valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;|Pos<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;|Constructor<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Car&lt;br /&gt;no.<br /> ! [[2001 Australian Grand Prix|AUS]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Australia}}<br /> ! [[2001 Malaysian Grand Prix|MAL]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Malaysia}}<br /> ! [[2001 Brazilian Grand Prix|BRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Brazil}}<br /> ! [[2001 San Marino Grand Prix|SMR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|San Marino}}<br /> ! [[2001 Spanish Grand Prix|ESP]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Spain}}<br /> ! [[2001 Austrian Grand Prix|AUT]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Austria}}<br /> ! [[2001 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Monaco}}<br /> ! [[2001 Canadian Grand Prix|CAN]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Canada}}<br /> ! [[2001 European Grand Prix|EUR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Germany}}<br /> ! [[2001 French Grand Prix|FRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|France}}<br /> ! [[2001 British Grand Prix|GBR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|UK}}<br /> ! [[2001 German Grand Prix|GER]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Germany}}<br /> ! [[2001 Hungarian Grand Prix|HUN]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Hungary}}<br /> ! [[2001 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Belgium}}<br /> ! [[2001 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Italy}}<br /> ! [[2001 United States Grand Prix|USA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|USA}}<br /> ! [[2001 Japanese Grand Prix|JPN]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Japan}}<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| [[List of Formula One World Championship points scoring systems|Points]]<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 1<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 1<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffffbf;&quot;| '''''1'''''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffffbf;&quot;| '''1'''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfdfdf;&quot;| '''2'''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffffbf;&quot;| '''''1'''''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfdfdf;&quot;| '''2'''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffffbf;&quot;| 1<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfdfdf;&quot;| '''2'''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffffbf;&quot;| '''1'''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffffbf;&quot;| 1<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfdfdf;&quot;| '''2'''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffffbf;&quot;| '''1'''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffffbf;&quot;| ''1''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 4<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfdfdf;&quot;| '''2'''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffffbf;&quot;| '''1'''<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| '''179'''<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 2<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffdf9f;&quot;| 3<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfdfdf;&quot;| 2<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffdf9f;&quot;| 3<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffdf9f;&quot;| 3<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfdfdf;&quot;| 2<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 5<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffdf9f;&quot;| 3<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffdf9f;&quot;| 3<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfdfdf;&quot;| 2<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfdfdf;&quot;| 2<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 5<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfdfdf;&quot;| 2<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 15<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 5<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 2<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes-Benz High Performance Engines|Mercedes]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 3<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| ''6''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 4<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 9<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffdf9f;&quot;| 3<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 6<br /> | style=&quot;background:#fff;&quot;| DNS<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffffbf;&quot;| ''1''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| ''5''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 4<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffffbf;&quot;| 1<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 4<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| '''102''' <br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 4<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfdfdf;&quot;| 2<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffdf9f;&quot;| 3<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffffbf;&quot;| 1<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfdfdf;&quot;| '''2'''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 5<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffffbf;&quot;| ''1''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| '''''5'''''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffdf9f;&quot;| 3<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| ''4''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffdf9f;&quot;| 3<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfdfdf;&quot;| 2<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffdf9f;&quot;| 3<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffdf9f;&quot;| 3<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 3<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[WilliamsF1|Williams]]-[[BMW in Formula One|BMW]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 5<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 5<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| ''Ret''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffffbf;&quot;| ''1''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffffbf;&quot;| ''1''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 4<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfdfdf;&quot;| '''2'''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffffbf;&quot;| 1<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 4<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 7<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffdf9f;&quot;| ''3''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| ''6''<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| '''80'''<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 6<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfdfdf;&quot;| 2<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfdfdf;&quot;| ''2''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 4<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| '''''Ret'''''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 8<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffffbf;&quot;| '''1'''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| ''Ret''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfdfdf;&quot;| 2<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 4<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flagicon|Switzerland}} [[Sauber]]-[[Petronas]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 16<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 4<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffdf9f;&quot;| 3<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 7<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 6<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 9<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 6<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 6<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 6<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 11<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 6<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 9<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| '''21''' <br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 17<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 6<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 8<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 4<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 10<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 4<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 10<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 7<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 5<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 7<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 7<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 5<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flagicon|Ireland}} [[Jordan Grand Prix|Jordan]]-[[Honda Racing F1|Honda]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 11<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 5<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 4<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 11<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 6<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 7<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 8<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 7<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 10<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 6<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 8<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 7<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| '''19''' <br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 12<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 8<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 5<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 5<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 4<br /> | style=&quot;background:#000; color:white;&quot;|DSQ<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 11<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 5<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 4<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 8<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 6<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[British American Racing|BAR]]-[[Honda Racing F1|Honda]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 9<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 7<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 4<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 8<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 7<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 5<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 9<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 7<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 11<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 9<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 11<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 13<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| '''17''' <br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 10<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 7<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffdf9f;&quot;| 3<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 8<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 4<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 9<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 8<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffdf9f;&quot;| 3<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 9<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 8<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 6<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 10<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 7<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Benetton Formula|Benetton]]-[[Renault F1|Renault]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 7<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 13<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 6<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 14<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 11<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 11<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 13<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 4<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffdf9f;&quot;| 3<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 10<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 8<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 17<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| '''10''' <br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 8<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 14<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 11<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 10<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 12<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 15<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 7<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 13<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 16<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 15<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 5<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 9<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 7<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 8<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Jaguar Racing|Jaguar]]-[[Cosworth]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 18<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 10<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 7<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffdf9f;&quot;| 3<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 7<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 9<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 5<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| '''9''' <br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 19<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 8<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 10<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 11<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 6<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 8<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 14<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 12<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 11<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 5<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 12<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 9<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[Prost (racing team)|Prost]]-[[Acer (engine)|Acer]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 22<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 9<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 9<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 8<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 9<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 10<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 10<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 6<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 5<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 15<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 12<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 11<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 6<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 9<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 10<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 12<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| '''4''' <br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 23<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 12<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 11<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 11<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 8<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 12<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 10<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 12<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 14<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 10<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Arrows Grand Prix International|Arrows]]-[[Asiatech]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 14<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 11<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 7<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 12<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 6<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 8<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 10<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 13<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 10<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 9<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 12<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 10<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 14<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| '''1''' <br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 15<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 10<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 9<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 14<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 8<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 12<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 13<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 15<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 11<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Minardi]]-[[European Aviation Air Charter|European]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 20<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 14<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 9<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 16<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 9<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 15<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffcfcf;&quot;|DNQ<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 13<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 16<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| '''0''' <br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 21<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 12<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 13<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 13<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 14<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 17<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 16<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 10<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 13<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 11<br /> |- valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;|Pos<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;|Constructor<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Car&lt;br /&gt;no.<br /> ! [[2001 Australian Grand Prix|AUS]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Australia}}<br /> ! [[2001 Malaysian Grand Prix|MAL]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Malaysia}}<br /> ! [[2001 Brazilian Grand Prix|BRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Brazil}}<br /> ! [[2001 San Marino Grand Prix|SMR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|San Marino}}<br /> ! [[2001 Spanish Grand Prix|ESP]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Spain}}<br /> ! [[2001 Austrian Grand Prix|AUT]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Austria}}<br /> ! [[2001 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Monaco}}<br /> ! [[2001 Canadian Grand Prix|CAN]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Canada}}<br /> ! [[2001 European Grand Prix|EUR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Germany}}<br /> ! [[2001 French Grand Prix|FRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|France}}<br /> ! [[2001 British Grand Prix|GBR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|UK}}<br /> ! [[2001 German Grand Prix|GER]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Germany}}<br /> ! [[2001 Hungarian Grand Prix|HUN]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Hungary}}<br /> ! [[2001 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Belgium}}<br /> ! [[2001 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Italy}}<br /> ! [[2001 United States Grand Prix|USA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|USA}}<br /> ! [[2001 Japanese Grand Prix|JPN]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Japan}}<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| [[List of Formula One World Championship points scoring systems|Points]]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> {{commons category|2001 in Formula One}}<br /> *[http://www.formula1.com/results/driver/2001/ formula1.com – 2001 official driver standings]<br /> *[http://www.formula1.com/results/team/2001/ formula1.com – 2001 official team standings]<br /> *[http://web.archive.org/web/20010602222745/www.fia.com/regle/REG_SPT/F1-Reglement-Sportif-a.pdf 2001 Formula One Sporting Regulations] Retrieved from web.archive.org on 23 January 2009<br /> *[http://web.archive.org/web/20020124064054/www.fia.com/regle/REG_TEC/F1/F1-technique-2001-a.pdf 2001 Formula One Technical Regulations] Retrieved from web.archive.org on 25 January 2009<br /> *[http://web.archive.org/web/20020211164012/www.fia.com/Classements/Classements-2001/F1_P_Tot.htm 2001 FIA Formula One World Championship for Drivers - Final Classification] Retrieved from web.archive.org on 25 January 2009<br /> *[http://web.archive.org/web/20011121023848/www.fia.com/Classements/Classements-2001/F1_C_Tot.htm 2001 FIA Formula One World Championship for Constructors - Final Classification] Retrieved from web.archive.org on 25 January 2009<br /> *[http://www.f1-photo.com/index.cgi?Input=2001&amp;Lang=en&amp;NamePage=search 2001 FIA Formula One World Championship images] Retrieved from www.f1-photo.com on 23 January 2009<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Formula One Championship}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:2001 Formula One Season}}<br /> [[Category:Formula One seasons]]<br /> [[Category:2001 in Formula One| ]]</div> Tulumino https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=D%C3%BCsseldorf&diff=568218016 Düsseldorf 2013-08-12T14:43:49Z <p>Tulumino: population - act</p> <hr /> <div>{{Infobox German location<br /> |Name = Düsseldorf<br /> |Art = <br /> |image_photo = Rheinkniebrücke at night.jpg<br /> |image_caption = Düsseldorf view<br /> |image_flag = Düsseldorf flag.jpg<br /> |Wappen = Wappen der Landeshauptstadt Duesseldorf.svg<br /> |lat_deg = 51 | lat_min = 14 | lat_sec =<br /> |lon_deg = 6 | lon_min = 47 | lon_sec =<br /> |Lageplan = North rhine w D.svg<br /> |Bundesland = North Rhine-Westphalia<br /> |Regierungsbezirk = Düsseldorf<br /> |Kreis = urban<br /> |Höhe = 38<br /> |Fläche = 217<br /> |area_metro = &lt;!-- Metropolitan area, in km². XXX.XX (no commas or other text) --&gt;<br /> |Einwohner = 584361<br /> |pop_urban = 1220000<br /> |pop_metro = 11300000 ([[Rhein-Ruhr]])<br /> |Stand = 2009-06-30<br /> |pop_ref = &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url= http://www.it.nrw.de/statistik/a/daten/amtlichebevoelkerungszahlen/rp1_juni09.html|title=Bevölkerung im Regierungsbezirk Düsseldorf|author=IT.NRW|language=German |accessdate=2009-06-30}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |PLZ = 40001-40629<br /> |PLZ-alt = 4000<br /> |Vorwahl = 0211<br /> |Kfz = D<br /> |Gemeindeschlüssel = 05 1 11 000<br /> |NUTS = DEA11<br /> |LOCODE = DE DUS<br /> |Gliederung = 10 districts, 49 boroughs<br /> |Adresse = Marktplatz&lt;br/&gt;40213 Düsseldorf<br /> |Website = [http://www.duesseldorf.de/ www.Duesseldorf.de]<br /> |Bürgermeister = [[Dirk Elbers]]<br /> |Bürgermeistertitel = Oberbürgermeister<br /> |Partei = CDU<br /> |ruling_party1 = CDU<br /> |ruling_party2 = FDP<br /> |year = &lt;!-- Year founded (not &quot;year of first recorded mention&quot;) --&gt;<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Düsseldorf''' {{IPA-de|ˈdʏsl̩dɔʁf||De-Düsseldorf.ogg}} is the capital city of the [[Germany|German]] state of [[North Rhine-Westphalia]] and centre of the [[Rhine-Ruhr]] metropolitan region with 11.5 million people.&lt;ref&gt;http://www.deutsche-metropolregionen.org/fileadmin/ikm/IKM-Veroeffentlichungen/IKM-Monitoring2008_lite.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Düsseldorf is an international business and financial centre and renowned for its [[fashion]] and trade fairs.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.duesseldorf.de/presse/pld/d2008/d2008_07/d2008_07_28/08072813_160.pdf |title=Communla Administration of Düsseldorf, 28 of July 2008. |format=PDF |date= |accessdate=2010-04-16}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.anteon.de/images/stories/Anteon/Pressearchiv/IZ_280808.pdf |title=Immobilien Zeitung: '&amp;#39;Mehr Räume für die große Modenschau'&amp;#39; vom 28. August 2008, 1st of March 2009. |format=PDF |date= |accessdate=2010-04-16}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url= http://www.europeancitiesmonitor.eu/wp-content/uploads/2010/10/ECM-2010-Full-Version.pdf|title='Cushman &amp; Wakefield — European Cities Monitor'|accessdate=2011-06-04}}&lt;/ref&gt; Located within the [[Blue Banana]], the city is headquarters to five [[Fortune Global 500]] and several [[DAX]] companies. [[Messe Düsseldorf]] claims to organise nearly one fifth of all world‘s premier trade shows.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url= http://www.messe-duesseldorf.com/md-files/doc/MD_annual_report_2009.pdf|title='Messe Düsseldorf Annual Report'|accessdate=2011-06-04}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Culturally, Düsseldorf is known for its academy of fine arts ([[Kunstakademie Düsseldorf]], e.g. [[Joseph Beuys]], [[Emanuel Leutze]], [[August Macke]], [[Gerhard Richter]], [[Sigmar Polke]] and [[Andreas Gursky]]), its pioneering influence on electronic/experimental music ([[Kraftwerk]]) and its relatively large Japanese community. As a city by the river [[Rhine]], Düsseldorf is a stronghold for [[Rhenish Carnival]] celebrations. Every year in July more than 4.5 million people visit the city's ''[[Largest Fair on the Rhine]]'' funfair.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.deal-magazin.com/index.php?cont=news&amp;news=10153 2010 survey by] [[Jones Lang LaSalle]] {{de icon}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> As the [[List of cities in Germany with more than 100,000 inhabitants|seventh most populous city in Germany]] by population within city limits and a Larger Urban Zone population of 1.5 million,&lt;ref&gt;1,525,029 inhabitants for the Düsseldorf [[Larger Urban Zone]]&lt;/ref&gt; [[World's Most Livable Cities|Mercer's 2012 Quality of Living survey]] ranked Düsseldorf sixth city in the world.&lt;ref name=&quot;Mercer&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.mercer.com/summary.htm?idContent=1128060|title=Mercer's 2011 Quality of Living survey highlights — Global|date=2011-06-15|work=Mercer|accessdate=2011-06-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Forbes&quot;&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.forbes.com/2009/04/27/cities-best-live-lifestyle-real-estate-best-places-to-live.html |title=World's 20 Best Places To Live |publisher=Forbes.com | first=Matt |last=Woolsey |date=2009-04-28}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> {{see also|Timeline of Düsseldorf history}}<br /> When the [[Roman Empire]] was strengthening its position throughout Europe, a few [[Germanic peoples|Germanic tribes]] clung in [[marsh]]y territory off the eastern banks of the [[Rhine River]].&lt;ref&gt;Weidenhaupt, Hugo: ''Kleine Geschichte der Stadt Düsseldorf'', Triltsch-Verlag, Düsseldorf 1979, ISBN 3-7998-0000-X, (only in German)&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In the 7th and 8th centuries, the odd [[Agriculture|farming]] or [[fishing]] settlement could be found at the point where the small river [[Düssel]] flows into the Rhine. It was from such settlements that the city of Düsseldorf grew.<br /> <br /> [[File:Duesseldorf-Kupferstich-Merian.png|thumb|left|Düsseldorf in 1647]]<br /> [[File:DusseldorfGermany.jpg|thumb|left|The historic townhall of Düsseldorf in the [[Altstadt (Düsseldorf)|Altstadt]].]]<br /> [[File:Duss Par from Tower.JPG|thumb|upright|The [[Landtag of North Rhine-Westphalia|state parliament]], seen from the top of the [[Rheinturm]].]]<br /> The first written mention of the town of Düsseldorf (then called ''Dusseldorp'' in the local [[Low Rhenish]] dialect) dates back to 1135. Under [[Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor|Emperor Friedrich Barbarossa]] the small town of [[Düsseldorf-Kaiserswerth|Kaiserswerth]] to the north of Düsseldorf became a well fortified outpost, where soldiers kept a watchful eye on every movement on the Rhine. Kaiserswerth eventually became a suburb of Düsseldorf in 1929.<br /> <br /> In 1186 Düsseldorf came under the rule of the Counts of [[Berg (state)|Berg]]. 14 August 1288 is one of the most important dates in the history of Düsseldorf as it was on this day that the sovereign Count [[Adolf V of Berg]] granted the village on the banks of the Düssel the [[Town privileges]].<br /> <br /> Prior to that announcement, a bloody struggle for power had taken place between the [[Electorate of Cologne|Archbishop of Cologne]] and the count of [[Berg (state)|Berg]], culminating in the [[Battle of Worringen]]. The Archbishop of Cologne's forces were wiped out by the forces of the count of [[Berg (state)|Berg]] who were supported by citizens and farmers of Cologne and Düsseldorf, paving the way for Düsseldorf's elevation to city status, which is commemorated today by a monument on the Burgplatz. In fact, the custom of turning cartwheels is credited to the children of Düsseldorf. There are variations of the origin&lt;ref name=&quot;de.wikipedia.org&quot;&gt;[[:de:Düsseldorfer Radschläger|Düsseldorfer Radschläger]]&lt;/ref&gt; of the cartwheeling children, but the most famous is the story. Today the symbol (Der Radschläger)&lt;ref name=&quot;de.wikipedia.org&quot;/&gt; represents the story and every year the Düsseldorfers celebrate by having a cartwheeling contest.<br /> <br /> After this battle the relationship between the four cities deteriorated, because they were commercial rivals. It is often said that there is a kind of hostility between the citizens of Cologne and Düsseldorf. Today, it finds its expression mainly in a humorous form (especially during the Rhineland ''[[carnival|Karneval]]'') and in sports.<br /> <br /> A [[market square]] sprang up on the banks of the Rhine and the square was protected by [[Defensive wall|city walls]] on all four sides. In 1380, the dukes of Berg moved their seat to the town and Düsseldorf was made regional capital of the Duchy of Berg. During the following centuries several famous landmarks were built, including the [[Collegiate church|Collegiate Church]] of St. Lambertus. In 1609, the ducal line of the [[United Duchies of Jülich-Cleves-Berg]] died out, and after a virulent struggle over succession, Jülich and Berg fell to the [[House of Wittelsbach|Wittelsbach]] Counts of [[Palatinate-Neuburg]], who made Düsseldorf their main domicile, even after they inherited the [[Electorate of the Palatinate]], in 1685, becoming now [[Prince-elector]]s as Electors Palatine.<br /> <br /> Düsseldorf's growth was even more impressive under the leadership of [[Johann Wilhelm, Elector Palatine|Johann Wilhelm II]] (r. 1690–1716) in the 18th century, also known to his people as Jan Wellem. Greatly influenced by his wife [[Anna Maria Luisa de' Medici]], the art lover designed a vast [[art museum|art gallery]] with a huge selection of paintings and sculptures that were housed in the ''Stadtschloss'' (city castle).<br /> <br /> After the death of childless Jan Wellem, the flourishing royal capital fell on hard times again, especially after Elector [[Charles Theodore, Elector of Bavaria|Charles Theodore]] inherited Bavaria and moved the electoral court to [[Munich, Germany|Munich]]. With him he took the [[collection (museum)|art collection]], which became part of what is now the [[Alte Pinakothek]] in Munich. Destruction and poverty struck Düsseldorf after the [[Napoleonic Wars]]. [[Napoleon]] made Berg a [[Grand Duchy of Berg|Grand Duchy]] and Düsseldorf its capital. [[Johann Christian Claudius Devaranne|J. C. C. Devaranne]], a leader of [[Solingen]]'s resistance to Napoleon's conscription decrees, was executed here in 1813. After the defeat of Napoleon, the whole [[Rhineland]] including Berg was given to the [[Kingdom of Prussia]] in 1815. The parliament of the [[Rhine Province]] was established in Düsseldorf later.<br /> <br /> By the mid-19th century, Düsseldorf enjoyed a revival thanks to the [[Industrial Revolution]] as the city boasted 100,000 inhabitants by 1882; the figure doubled in 1892.<br /> <br /> In 1920, Düsseldorf became the centre for the General Strike. On 15 April 1920 45 delegates of the German Miners Union were murdered by the [[Freikorps]].&lt;ref&gt;''The German Revolution 1917–1923'', by Pierre Broué, Ian H. Birchall, Brian Pearce, p278&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> It was a target of [[strategic bombing during World War II]], particularly during the [[battle of the Ruhr|RAF bombing campaign against the Ruhr industry in 1943]] when over 700 bombers were used in a single night. Raids continued late into the war. As part of [[Oil Campaign of World War II|the campaign against German oil facilities]], the RAF raid of February 20/21 1945 on the Rhenania Ossag refinery in the Reisholz district of Düsseldorf halted oil production there.<br /> <br /> The Allied ground advance into Germany reached Düsseldorf in mid-April 1945. The US [[97th Infantry Division (United States)|97th Infantry Division]] easily captured the city 18 April 1945 in the absence of organised German resistance.&lt;ref&gt;Stanton, Shelby, ''World War II Order of Battle: An Encyclopedic Reference to U.S. Army Ground Forces from Battalion through Division, 1939–1946'' (Revised Edition, 2006), Stackpole Books, p. 174.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 1946 Düsseldorf was made capital of the new [[Federation|federal state]] of [[North Rhine-Westphalia]]. The city's reconstruction proceeded at a frantic pace and the economic transformation saw Düsseldorf grow into the wealthy city of trade, administration and [[service industry|service industries]] that it is today.<br /> <br /> ==Geography==<br /> <br /> ===Physical geography===<br /> [[File:Düsseldorf.jpg|thumb|Düsseldorf skyline]]<br /> [[File:Rheinuferpromenade in Düsseldorf DSCF1161.jpg|thumb|Promenade along the Rhine]]<br /> Düsseldorf lies at the centre of the [[Lower Rhine]] basin, where the delta of the River [[Düssel]] flows into the Rhine. The city lies on the east side of the Rhine, except [[District 4, Düsseldorf|District 4]] ([[Düsseldorf-Oberkassel|Oberkassel]], [[Düsseldorf-Niederkassel|Niederkassel]], [[Düsseldorf-Heerdt|Heerdt]] and [[Düsseldorf-Lörick|Lörick]]).<br /> Across the Rhine, the city of [[Neuss]] stands on the delta of the [[Erft]] river. Düsseldorf lies southwest of the [[Ruhr]] urban area, and in the middle of the [[Rhine-Ruhr]] metropolitan region.<br /> <br /> Düsseldorf is built entirely on [[alluvium]], mud, sand, clay and occasionally gravel. The highest point in Düsseldorf is the top of Sandberg in the far eastern part of the city ([[Düsseldorf-Hubbelrath|Hubbelrath]] borough) at {{convert|165|m|ft|0}}. The lowest point is at the far northern end in [[Düsseldorf-Wittlaer|Wittlaer]] borough where the Schwarzbach enters the Rhine, with an average elevation of {{convert|28|m|ft|0}}.<br /> <br /> ===Adjacent cities and districts===<br /> The following districts and cities border Düsseldorf (clockwise starting from the north):<br /> the [[Duisburg|City of Duisburg]], the [[Mettmann (district)|District of Mettmann]] ([[Ratingen]], [[Mettmann]], [[Erkrath]], [[Hilden]], [[Langenfeld, Rhineland|Langenfeld]], and [[Monheim am Rhein|Monheim]]), and the [[Rhein-Kreis Neuss|District of Neuss]] ([[Dormagen]], Neuss, and [[Meerbusch]]).<br /> <br /> ===Climate===<br /> Like the rest of the lower [[Rhineland]], Düsseldorf experiences moderate winters with little snowfall and mild to warm summers. The average annual temperature is {{convert|10.6|C|F|0}} with an average yearly precipitation of {{convert|797|cm|in|0}}. The dominant wind direction is from the south or southeast with velocities in the range of 3 to 4&amp;nbsp;m/s (7–9&amp;nbsp;mph), with gusts of 3.5 −4.8&amp;nbsp;m/s (8–10.7&amp;nbsp;mph). The wind is calm (defined as being under 2&amp;nbsp;m/s or 4.5&amp;nbsp;mph) about 35% of the time, more frequently at night and in the winter.&lt;ref&gt;{{PDFlink|[http://web.archive.org/web/20061109180256/http://www.bezreg-duesseldorf.nrw.de/BezRegDdorf/autorenbereich/Dezernat_53/BarbaraAlnoch_Buber/Luftreinhalteplan_D__sseldorf__S__dliche_Innenstadt.pdf Bezirksregierung Düsseldorf – ''Luftreinhalteplan'' (2004)]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;''Klimaatlas – NRW'' (1989): Der Minister für Umwelt, Raumordnung und Landwirtschaft des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalens, Düsseldorf.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {{Weather box|location = Düsseldorf<br /> |metric first = yes<br /> |single line = yes<br /> |Jan high C = 4<br /> |Feb high C = 5 <br /> |Mar high C = 8<br /> |Apr high C = 12<br /> |May high C = 17<br /> |Jun high C = 20<br /> |Jul high C = 22<br /> |Aug high C = 22<br /> |Sep high C = 18<br /> |Oct high C = 14<br /> |Nov high C = 8<br /> |Dec high C = 5<br /> |year high C =<br /> |Jan mean C = 2<br /> |Feb mean C = 3<br /> |Mar mean C = 6<br /> |Apr mean C = 9<br /> |May mean C = 13<br /> |Jun mean C = 16<br /> |Jul mean C = 18<br /> |Aug mean C = 18<br /> |Sep mean C = 15<br /> |Oct mean C = 11<br /> |Nov mean C = 6<br /> |Dec mean C = 3<br /> |year mean C =<br /> |Jan low C = 0<br /> |Feb low C = 0<br /> |Mar low C = 2<br /> |Apr low C = 5<br /> |May low C = 9<br /> |Jun low C = 12<br /> |Jul low C = 13<br /> |Aug low C = 13<br /> |Sep low C = 11<br /> |Oct low C = 8<br /> |Nov low C = 3<br /> |Dec low C = 1<br /> |year low C =<br /> |Jan precipitation mm = 81.3<br /> |Feb precipitation mm = 55.9<br /> |Mar precipitation mm = 76.2<br /> |Apr precipitation mm = 68.6<br /> |May precipitation mm = 73.7<br /> |Jun precipitation mm = 96.5<br /> |Jul precipitation mm = 88.9<br /> |Aug precipitation mm = 76.2<br /> |Sep precipitation mm = 73.7<br /> |Oct precipitation mm = 71.1<br /> |Nov precipitation mm = 83.8<br /> |Dec precipitation mm = 88.9<br /> |year precipitation mm =<br /> |Jan precipitation days =<br /> |Feb precipitation days =<br /> |Mar precipitation days =<br /> |Apr precipitation days =<br /> |May precipitation days =<br /> |Jun precipitation days =<br /> |Jul precipitation days =<br /> |Aug precipitation days =<br /> |Sep precipitation days =<br /> |Oct precipitation days =<br /> |Nov precipitation days =<br /> |Dec precipitation days =<br /> |year precipitation days =<br /> |Jan sun = 40.5<br /> |Feb sun = 73.9<br /> |Mar sun = 103.8<br /> |Apr sun = 157.4<br /> |May sun = 193.1<br /> |Jun sun = 188.2<br /> |Jul sun = 194.3<br /> |Aug sun = 188.2<br /> |Sep sun = 136.5<br /> |Oct sun = 107.5<br /> |Nov sun = 53.2<br /> |Dec sun = 36.8<br /> |year sun = 1473.4<br /> |source 1 = [[weather.com]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web<br /> |url=http://www.weather.com/outlook/travel/businesstraveler/wxclimatology/monthly/GMXX0028<br /> |title=Weather Information for Düsseldorf<br /> |accessdate=}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |date=December 2010<br /> |source 2 = Data derived from [[Deutscher Wetterdienst]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web<br /> |url=http://www.dwd.de/bvbw/appmanager/bvbw/dwdwwwDesktop?_nfpb=true&amp;_pageLabel=_dwdwww_klima_umwelt_klimadaten_deutschland&amp;T82002gsbDocumentPath=Navigation%2FOeffentlichkeit%2FKlima__Umwelt%2FKlimadaten%2Fkldaten__kostenfrei%2Fausgabe__monatswerte__node.html%3F__nnn%3Dtrue<br /> |title=Ausgabe der Klimadaten: Monatswerte<br /> |accessdate=}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |date=January 2013<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ==Demographics==<br /> {| class=&quot;infobox&quot; style=&quot;float:right;&quot;<br /> |colspan=&quot;2&quot;|'''Ten largest groups of foreign residents'''&lt;ref name=&quot;Statistisches Jahrbuch&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.duesseldorf.de/wahlen/download/statistisches_jahrbuch_2009.pdf|title=Statistisches Jahrbuch der Landeshauptstadt Düsseldorf – Bevölkerung nach Nationalität|publisher=Duesseldorf.de |date=2009-12-31 |accessdate=2011-12-03}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-\<br /> ! Country of Origin || Population (2008)<br /> |-<br /> |{{flag|Turkey}} || 14,721<br /> |-<br /> |{{flag|Greece}} || 10,106<br /> |-<br /> |{{flag|Italy}} || 6,723<br /> |-<br /> |{{flag|Poland}} || 6,560<br /> |-<br /> |{{flag|Serbia}} (incl. [[Montenegro]]) || 5,919<br /> |-<br /> |{{flag|Japan}} || 5,908<br /> |-<br /> |{{flag|Morocco}} || 4,907<br /> |-<br /> |{{flag|Russian Federation}} || 3,573<br /> |-<br /> |{{flag|Republic of Macedonia}} ||3,503<br /> |-<br /> |{{flag|Croatia}} ||3,376<br /> |}<br /> <br /> With a population of 593,682 within city-limits (31. December 2012),&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.it.nrw.de/statistik/a/daten/bevoelkerungszahlen_zensus/zensus_reg1.html|title=Fortschreibung des Bevölkerungsstandes auf Basis des Zensus vom 09.05.2011|publisher=[[Information und Technik Nordrhein-Westfalen]] |date=2012-12-31 |accessdate=2013-08-12}}&lt;/ref&gt; Düsseldorf is [[List of cities in Germany by population|Germany's seventh largest city]]. Düsseldorf's population number surpassed the threshold of 100,000 inhabitants during the height of industrialisation in 1882, and (to-date) peaked with just over 705,000 in 1962. Since then, the city lost residents mainly moving into neighbouring municipalities, but since the late 1990s, the city's population is again slowly rising.<br /> <br /> A total of 109,883&lt;ref name=&quot;Statistisches Jahrbuch&quot;/&gt; of Düsseldorf's population are foreigners (31. December 2008), the majority of whom come from within [[Europe]] (81,742). The largest [[minority group|national minorities]] are [[Turks in Germany|Turks]], [[Greeks in Germany|Greeks]], and [[Italians in Germany|Italians]]. Düsseldorf and its surroundings have the third-largest Japanese community in Europe and the largest in Germany (about 11,000 people).&lt;ref name=&quot;virtualtourist.com&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Japantag in Düsseldorf: Welcome&quot;/&gt; Düsseldorf has the third-largest [[Jews in Germany|Jewish community]] in Germany, with about 7,600 members: more than 1% of the city's population.<br /> <br /> ==Government==<br /> <br /> ===Mayors===<br /> {{Main|List of mayors of Düsseldorf}}<br /> <br /> ===Districts===<br /> {{Main|Districts of Düsseldorf}}<br /> Since 1975, Düsseldorf is divided into ten administrative districts. Each district (''Bezirk'') has its own elected district council (Bezirksvertretung) and its own district mayor (Bezirksvorsteher). The district councils are advisory only. Each district is further subdivided into boroughs. There are 49 boroughs in Düsseldorf.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.duesseldorf.de/bv/index.shtml |title=Landeshauptstadt Düsseldorf – Aus den Stadtteilen |publisher=Duesseldorf.de |date= |accessdate=2009-05-05}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;toccolours&quot; style=&quot;margin:auto; margin:2px; backgrond:none;&quot;<br /> | style=&quot;padding-right:1em;&quot; |<br /> ; [[District 1, Düsseldorf|District 1]] (Stadtbezirk 1)<br /> : [[Düsseldorf-Altstadt|Altstadt]], [[Düsseldorf-Carlstadt|Carlstadt]], [[Düsseldorf-Derendorf|Derendorf]], [[Düsseldorf-Golzheim|Golzheim]], [[Düsseldorf-Pempelfort|Pempelfort]], [[Düsseldorf-Stadtmitte|Stadtmitte]]<br /> ; [[District 2, Düsseldorf|District 2]] (Stadtbezirk 2)<br /> : [[Düsseldorf-Düsseltal|Düsseltal]], [[Düsseldorf-Flingern|Flingern-Nord]], [[Düsseldorf-Flingern|Flingern-Süd]]<br /> ; [[District 3, Düsseldorf|District 3]] (Stadtbezirk 3)<br /> : [[Düsseldorf-Bilk|Bilk]], [[Düsseldorf-Flehe|Flehe]], [[Düsseldorf-Friedrichstadt|Friedrichstadt]], [[Düsseldorf-Hafen|Hafen]], [[Düsseldorf-Hamm|Hamm]], [[Düsseldorf-Oberbilk|Oberbilk]], [[Düsseldorf-Unterbilk|Unterbilk]], [[Düsseldorf-Volmerswerth|Volmerswerth]]<br /> ; [[District 4, Düsseldorf|District 4]] (Stadtbezirk 4)<br /> : [[Düsseldorf-Heerdt|Heerdt]], [[Düsseldorf-Lörick|Lörick]], [[Düsseldorf-Niederkassel|Niederkassel]], [[Düsseldorf-Oberkassel|Oberkassel]]<br /> ; [[District 5, Düsseldorf|District 5]] (Stadtbezirk 5)<br /> : [[Düsseldorf-Angermund|Angermund]], [[Düsseldorf-Kaiserswerth|Kaiserswerth]], [[Düsseldorf-Kalkum|Kalkum]], [[Düsseldorf-Lohausen|Lohausen]], [[Düsseldorf-Stockum|Stockum]], [[Düsseldorf-Wittlaer|Wittlaer]]<br /> | [[File:Karte D SB.svg|200px]]<br /> |<br /> ; [[District 6, Düsseldorf|District 6]] (Stadtbezirk 6)<br /> : [[Düsseldorf-Lichtenbroich|Lichtenbroich]], [[Düsseldorf-Mörsenbroich|Mörsenbroich]], [[Düsseldorf-Rath|Rath]], [[Düsseldorf-Unterrath|Unterrath]]<br /> ; [[District 7, Düsseldorf|District 7]] (Stadtbezirk 7)<br /> : [[Düsseldorf-Gerresheim|Gerresheim]], [[Düsseldorf-Grafenberg|Grafenberg]], [[Düsseldorf-Hubbelrath|Hubbelrath]], [[Düsseldorf-Ludenberg|Ludenberg]]<br /> ; [[District 8, Düsseldorf|District 8]] (Stadtbezirk 8)<br /> : [[Düsseldorf-Eller|Eller]], [[Düsseldorf-Lierenfeld|Lierenfeld]], [[Düsseldorf-Unterbach|Unterbach]], [[Düsseldorf-Vennhausen|Vennhausen]]<br /> ; [[District 9, Düsseldorf|District 9]] (Stadtbezirk 9)<br /> : [[Düsseldorf-Benrath|Benrath]], [[Düsseldorf-Hassels|Hassels]], [[Düsseldorf-Himmelgeist|Himmelgeist]], [[Düsseldorf-Holthausen|Holthausen]], [[Düsseldorf-Itter|Itter]], [[Düsseldorf-Reisholz|Reisholz]], [[Düsseldorf-Urdenbach|Urdenbach]], [[Düsseldorf-Wersten|Wersten]]<br /> ; [[District 10, Düsseldorf|District 10]] (Stadtbezirk 10)<br /> : [[Düsseldorf-Garath|Garath]], [[Düsseldorf-Hellerhof|Hellerhof]]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Economy==<br /> [[File:Medienhafen Duesseldorf Nacht.jpg|thumb|[[Rheinturm]] and [[Frank Gehry|Gehry]]-buildings ''[[Der Neue Zollhof]]'' in [[Düsseldorf-Hafen|Hafen]]]]<br /> [[File:Düsseldorf, Königsallee.jpg|thumb|[[Königsallee]] in [[Düsseldorf-Stadtmitte|Stadtmitte]]]]<br /> Düsseldorf is not only widely known as a centre of German advertising and [[fashion]] industries: in the last few years the city on the Rhine has become one of the top [[telecommunications]] centres in Germany. There are 18 [[internet service provider]]s located in the capital of North-Rhine Westphalia. With two of the four big German providers of mobile frequencies, [[Vodafone|D2 Vodafone]] and [[E-Plus]], Düsseldorf leads the German [[mobile phone]] market. There are also many foreign trading centres in Düsseldorf such as [[Nippon Telegraph and Telephone|NTT]], [[Ericsson]], [[Sandvik]], [[Nokia]] and GTS.{{Citation needed|date=June 2009}} [[Eurowings]] and formerly independent [[LTU International]], are two airlines, with headquarters in the city.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[http://web.archive.org/web/20000606221616/www.ltu.de/kontakt/i_kontakt.html Kontakt].&quot; [[LTU International]]. Retrieved on 21 June 2009.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Many of the internet companies in Düsseldorf have their roots in the world of advertising: there are 400 [[advertising agency|advertising agencies]] in Düsseldorf, among them three of the largest in Germany: [[BBDO|BBDO Group]], [[Publicis|Publicis Group]] and [[Grey Group]]. A number of affiliates of foreign agencies deserve mention as well, such as [[Ogilvy &amp; Mather]], [[Dentsu]], [[Hakuhodo]], [[Digital District]] and [[DDB Worldwide|DDB]].{{Citation needed|date=June 2009}} There are also about 200 [[publishing|publishing houses]] in Düsseldorf.{{Citation needed|date=June 2009}}<br /> <br /> In Düsseldorf there are about 170 national and [[global financial system|international financial institutions]], and about 130 insurance agencies, and one of the biggest German [[stock exchange]]s.<br /> Several other major companies have their headquarters in the city: [[Peek &amp; Cloppenburg]] (fashion), [[L'Oréal]] Germany (Cosmetics and Beauty); [[Henkel]] AG &amp; Co. KGaA (Branded Consumer Goods and Industrial technologies); [[E.ON]] (energy); [[ThyssenKrupp]] (metallurgy); [[Metro AG|Metro]] (wholesale, retail); Ergo (insurance); [[LTU International|LTU]] (air transport), [[Esprit Holdings]] (fashion, headquarters in Ratingen near Düsseldorf), [[Cognis]] (chemicals, headquarter in Monheim near Düsseldorf, but production mainly in Düsseldorf).{{Citation needed|date=June 2009}}<br /> <br /> [[Daimler AG]] builds the [[Mercedes-Benz Sprinter]] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkswagen_Crafter Volkswagen Crafter] light commercial vehicles in Düsseldorf.<br /> Since the 1960s, there has been a strong relationship between the city and [[Japan]]. Many Japanese banks and corporations have their European headquarters in Düsseldorf – so many that Düsseldorf has the third largest Japanese community in Europe, after [[London]] and [[Paris]].&lt;ref name=&quot;virtualtourist.com&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.virtualtourist.com/travel/Europe/Germany/Land_Nordrhein_Westfalen/Duesseldorf-67466/Local_Customs-Duesseldorf-Japanese_Duesseldorf-BR-1.html |title=Japanese Düsseldorf – Düsseldorf Travel Guide – VirtualTourist.com |publisher=VirtualTourist.com |date=2003-02-11 |accessdate=2009-05-05}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Japantag in Düsseldorf: Welcome&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.japantag-duesseldorf-nrw.de/305.html?&amp;L=1 |title=Japantag in Düsseldorf: Welcome |publisher=Japantag-duesseldorf-nrw.de |date= |accessdate=2009-05-05}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The &quot;Kö&quot;, which stands for [[Königsallee]] (&quot;King's Avenue&quot;), is a popular shopping destination. Some of the most reputed jewellery shops, designer labels, and galleries have their stores here. The Kö has among the highest rents for retail and office space in Germany.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://web.archive.org/web/20070809144413/http://comfort-gmbh.de/pressemitteilungen/21.03.2007.pdf |title=Modemetropole Mit Internationalem Chic |publisher=Web.archive.org |date= |accessdate=2012-09-04}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Messe Düsseldorf]] organises several international congresses and trade fairs throughout the year, most notably [[boot Düsseldorf]] Boat Show, [[drupa]] Printing &amp; Media and cpd Fashion Show.<br /> <br /> ===Media===<br /> Important newspapers and journals such as ''[[Handelsblatt]]'', ''[[Rheinische Post]]'', ''Wirtschaftswoche'', ''Deutsches Wirtschaftsblatt ''and ''VDI-Nachrichten'' are published in Düsseldorf. Almost all of these papers are available online on the Internet. Renowned filmmaking companies, such as Germany's biggest cinema enterprise, the Riech-Group, and TV channels such as [[WDR]], [[ZDF]], and [[QVC]] are also located in Düsseldorf.<br /> <br /> ==Transport==<br /> [[File:StadtbahnD.png|thumb|left|[[Trams in Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf Straßenbahn]] and [[Düsseldorf Stadtbahn]] network, part of the [[Verkehrsverbund Rhein-Ruhr]].]]<br /> [[File:Duesseldorf international terminal.jpg|thumb|[[Düsseldorf International Airport]]]]<br /> [[File:D-stadtbahn-oberbilkermarkt.jpg|thumb|[[Oberbilker Markt/Warschauer Straße (VRR)|Oberbilker Markt/Warschauer Straße]] station of [[Düsseldorf Stadtbahn|Düsseldorf subway/lightrail]]]]<br /> [[Düsseldorf International Airport]], also referred to as Rhein-Ruhr Airport, is located eight kilometres (5&amp;nbsp;mi) from the city centre and can easily be reached by train or the [[S-Bahn]] urban railway. There is a [[Düsseldorf Airport station|long-distance train station]] served by regional and national services, which is linked to the airport by the [[Düsseldorf SkyTrain|SkyTrain]], an automatic [[people mover]]. Another station situated under the terminal building carries the S-Bahn line ([[S11 (Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn)|S11]]) to [[Düsseldorf Hbf]], the city's central station and to [[Cologne]] as well as a few selected night services.<br /> <br /> After Frankfurt and Munich, Düsseldorf International is Germany's third largest [[airport|commercial airport]], with 18.6 million passengers annually. The airport offers 180 destinations on 4 continents, and is served by 70 airlines. The airport buildings were partly destroyed by a devastating fire caused by welding works in 1996, killing 17 people. It was completely rebuilt and the Skytrain installed.<br /> <br /> The city is a major hub in the [[Deutsche Bahn]] (DB) railway network. More than 1,000 trains stop in Düsseldorf daily. [[Düsseldorf Hauptbahnhof]] at Konrad-Adenauer-Platz is located in [[Düsseldorf-Stadtmitte]]. Several [[Rhein-Ruhr S-Bahn]] lines connect Düsseldorf to other cities of Rhine-Ruhr. Local [[Trams in Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf Straßenbahn]] and [[light rail]] [[Düsseldorf Stadtbahn]] traffic, as well as local bus traffic, is carried out by the city-owned [[Rheinbahn]] which operates within the [[Verkehrsverbund Rhein-Ruhr|VRR]] [[public transport]] system. The light rail system also serves neighbouring cities and is partially operated underground.<br /> [[File:Dusseldorf PublicTransport3.JPG|thumb|Dusseldorf_Dusseldorf PublicTransport3]]<br /> &lt;ref&gt;https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dusseldorf_PublicTransport3.JPG&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> [[File:Dusseldorf PublicTransport4.JPG|thumb|Dusseldorf_Dusseldorf PublicTransport4]]<br /> &lt;ref&gt;https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dusseldorf_PublicTransport4.JPG&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> [[File:Dusseldorf Lavish PublicTransport2.JPG|thumb|Düsseldorf Lavish PublicTransport2]]<br /> &lt;ref&gt;https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dusseldorf_Lavish_PublicTransport2.JPG&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> [[File:Dusseldorf Lavish PublicTransport.JPG|thumb|Düsseldorf Lavish PublicTransport]]<br /> &lt;ref&gt;https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dusseldorf_Lavish_PublicTransport.JPG&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> The Central Station and the Airport Station (Flughafen-Bahnhof) are connected to the national and [[High-speed rail in Europe|European high-speed systems]] (Intercity/Eurocity, IC/EC and [[InterCityExpress]]).<br /> <br /> North Rhine-Westphalia has the densest network of [[autobahn]]s in Germany and Düsseldorf is directly accessible via the [[Bundesautobahn 3|A3]], [[Bundesautobahn 44|A44]], [[Bundesautobahn 46|A46]], [[Bundesautobahn 52|A52]], [[Bundesautobahn 57|A57]], [[Bundesautobahn 59|A59]] and [[Bundesautobahn 524|A524]].<br /> <br /> ==Culture and recreation==<br /> Art-loving Elector [[Johann Wilhelm, Elector Palatine|Jan Wellem]] and his wife [[Anna Maria Luisa de' Medici]] of Tuscany, were the patrons of Düsseldorf's first significant cultural activities in the 17th and 18th centuries. [[Heinrich Heine]], whose 200th birthday was celebrated in 1997, Clara and [[Robert Schumann]] as well as [[Felix Mendelssohn]] are the most prominent artists related to the city. Artistic impulses were often born in the [[Düsseldorf Academy of Fine Arts|Academy of Fine Arts]] and the names of [[Paul Klee]], [[Joseph Beuys]], [[Gerhard Richter]] as well as [[Albert Bierstadt]] are associated with the institution ([[Düsseldorf School]]). The Düsseldorf cultural scene comprises traditional and [[avant-garde]], classical and glamorous. The world famous state art collection of North Rhine-Westphalia, the highly acclaimed [[Deutsche Oper am Rhein]] (opera), and the [[Düsseldorfer Schauspielhaus]] (theatre), artistic home of [[Gustaf Gründgens]], are major elements of Düsseldorf's reputation as a centre of the fine arts.<br /> <br /> ===Beer===<br /> Düsseldorf is well known for its [[Altbier]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|author=studio orange |url=http://www.brauer-bund.de/bierfans/sorten/alt.htm |archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20070429113232/http://www.brauer-bund.de/bierfans/sorten/alt.htm |archivedate=2007-04-29 |title=Altbier |publisher=Brauer-bund.de |date= |accessdate=2009-05-05}}&lt;/ref&gt; a hoppy beer<br /> which translates as ''old [style] beer'', a reference to the pre-[[lager]] brewing method of using a warm [[top-fermenting yeast]] like British pale ales.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.beerhunter.com/documents/19133-000838.html |title=Michael Jackson's Beer Hunter – Copper-bottom ales halt lager tide in Germany |publisher=Beerhunter.com |date= |accessdate=2009-07-08}}&lt;/ref&gt; Over time the Alt yeast adjusted to lower temperatures, and the Alt brewers would store or lager the beer after fermentation, leading to a cleaner, crisper beer.<br /> <br /> The name &quot;altbier&quot; first appeared in the 19th century to differentiate the beers of Düsseldorf from the new [[pale lager]] that was gaining a hold on Germany.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.germanbeerinstitute.com/altbier.html |title=Altbier |publisher=Germanbeerinstitute.com |date= |accessdate=2009-07-08}}&lt;/ref&gt; Brewers in Düsseldorf used the pale malts that were used for the modern pale lagers, but retained the old (&quot;alt&quot;) method of using warm fermenting yeasts.<br /> <br /> The first brewery to use the name Alt was Schumacher which opened in 1838.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.europeanbeerguide.net/dussbrew.htm#schumacher |title=Düsseldorf Breweries |publisher=Europeanbeerguide.net |date= |accessdate=2009-07-08}}&lt;/ref&gt; The founder, Mathias Schumacher, allowed the beer to mature in cool conditions in wooden casks for longer than normal, and laid the foundation for the modern alt – amber coloured and lagered.&lt;ref&gt;Prost! The Story of German Beer, Horst D. Dornbusch, Brewers Publications, 1997, pp 109–110. ISBN 0-937381-55-1&lt;/ref&gt; The result is a pale beer that has some of the lean dryness of a lager but with fruity notes as well.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.europeanbeerguide.net/dusspubs.htm |title=Düsseldorf Pub Guide: the best beer bars, pubs and brewpubs |publisher=Europeanbeerguide.net |date= |accessdate=2009-07-08}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> At present, there are five brewpubs in Düsseldorf which brew Altbier on premises: Füchschen, Schumacher, Schlüssel, Uerige and the newly opened Brauerei Kürzer. Four of the five are located in the historic centre of Düsseldorf (Altstadt); the other (Schumacher) is located between the Altstadt and the main rail station (Hauptbahnhof), and also maintains an establishment in the Altstadt, ''Goldener Kessel'', directly across the street from Schlüssel.<br /> <br /> Each (except Brauerei Kürzer) produces a special, secret, seasonal &quot;Sticke&quot; version in small quantities, though the names vary: Schlüssel spells it &quot;Stike&quot;, without the &quot;c&quot;, while Schumacher calls its special beer &quot;Latzenbier&quot;, meaning &quot;slat beer&quot;, possibly because the kegs from which it was poured had been stored on raised shelves.&lt;ref name=&quot;Dornbusch&quot;&gt;Horst Dornbusch, ''Altbier.'' Boulder, CO: Brewers Publications&lt;/ref&gt; Füchschen's seasonal is its Weihnachtsbier (Christmas beer), available in bottles starting mid-November, and served in the brewpub on [[Christmas Eve]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Fuchschen Weihnachtsbier&quot;&gt;[http://web.archive.org/web/20080127112721/http://www.fuechschen.de/htmlGB/start-frames-61.html Fuchschen web page on Weihnachtsbier], visited 2007.04.26&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Music and nightlife===<br /> &lt;!-- replaced deleted file--&gt; [[File:Sensation White 2008 Silvester - LTU Arena, Düsseldorf.jpg|thumb|[[Sensation White]] 2008 Silvester party, [[Esprit Arena]]]]<br /> Since the 1950s the &quot;[[Kom(m)ödchen]]&quot; has been one of the most prominent political cabarets of Germany.<br /> Düsseldorf's most famous contribution to the culture of modern [[popular music]] is beyond doubt the avant-garde [[electronic music]] band [[Kraftwerk]]. Formed by a few Düsseldorf-born musicians, [[Kraftwerk]] are internationally known as the most significant band in the history of [[post-war]] [[Music of Germany|German music]] and as pioneers in electronic music.&lt;ref name=&quot;graun_kraftwerk&quot;&gt;[[The Guardian]], 2003-07-24, accessed 2010-10-31, [http://www.guardian.co.uk/music/2003/jul/25/artsfeatures.popandrock Desperately seeking Kraftwerk], &quot;Kraftwerk were so far ahead of their time that the rest of the world has spent 25 years inventing new musical genres in an attempt to catch up. Another famous Synth-pop band to come from the city was [[Propaganda (band)|Propaganda]]. House, techno, hip-hop, trip-hop, synthpop, trance, electroclash: Kraftwerk's influence looms over all of them. It's difficult to imagine what rock and pop music would sound like today if Kraftwerk had never existed&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; Internationally-known [[power metal]] band [[Warlock (band)|Warlock]] was formed in Düsseldorf in 1982. Their frontwoman, [[Doro (musician)|Doro Pesch]], has had a successful solo career in Europe and Asia since [[Warlock (band)|Warlock]] ended. The [[punk rock|punk band]] [[Die Toten Hosen]], which is famous around the world, also the most popular singers {{Citation needed|date=February 2009}} in Germany [[Westernhagen]] and [[Heino]] come from Düsseldorf. The electronic act [[Deutsch-Amerikanische Freundschaft|D.A.F.]] was formed in the city in 1978, as well as the electronic/industrial pioneers [[Die Krupps]] in 1980. The experimental [[post-punk]] group [[La Düsseldorf]] was named after the city, for which it paid with a legal case in the early 1980s.<br /> In the Oldtown (Altstadt) German and international tourists go out on the main street Bolkerstraße, while the local scene (students and creative people) prefers {{Citation needed|date=February 2009}} the bars on Ratinger Straße and Kurze Straße. In May 2011, Germany hosted the [[Eurovision Song Contest 2011]]. Also, famous rock guitarist, [[Uli Jon Roth]] was born and still lives in the city.<br /> <br /> ===Carnival===<br /> [[File:Stamp Germany 2000 MiNr2099 Karneval.jpg|thumb|175th anniversary of Düsseldorf Karneval, Stamp, [[Deutsche Post AG]], 2000]]<br /> {{main|Carnival in Germany, Switzerland and Austria#Rhineland}}<br /> One of the biggest cultural events in Düsseldorf is the ''[[Carnival|Karneval]]'' (also referred to as the &quot;fifth season&quot;) which starts every year on 11 November at 11:11 a.m., and reaches its climax on ''[[Rosenmontag]]'' (Rose Monday), featuring a huge parade through the streets of Düsseldorf. ''Karneval'' ends on ''Aschermittwoch'' ([[Ash Wednesday]]).<br /> <br /> === Cartwheeler of Düsseldorf ===<br /> The ''Düsseldorfer Radschläger'' (Boy who does [[Cartwheel (gymnastics)|cartwheels]]) is said to be the oldest tradition of the city of Düsseldorf and became one of its main [[landmark]]s. The symbol of the cartwheeler can be found on many souvenirs and various things in Düsseldorf have the cartwheelers to thank for their names. This tradition was honoured in 1954 by the erection of a fountain, called Cartwheeler's Fountain, on the ''Burgplatz'' in Düsseldorf.<br /> <br /> ==== Legends of its origin and history ====<br /> <br /> The tradition cannot be linked to one specific historical event, instead, there are several stories surrounding the beginnings of the Düsseldorf Cartwheelers.<br /> <br /> Probably the most well known version is [[Battle of Worringen]]. In the battle of 1288 [[Adolf VIII of Berg|Count Adolf]] devastatingly defeated the [[Archbishop]] of [[Cologne]]. As a consequence of this victory, Düsseldorf obtained [[Town privileges]]. The inhabitants, especially the children ran joyfully on the streets and performed [[Cartwheel (gymnastics)|Cartwheels]].<br /> <br /> Another story talks about a wedding procession during which one of the wheels of the wedding carriage broke. In order to fend off the threat of bad luck, a boy supposedly jumped to the carriage, took hold of the wheel and thus became a living part of the wheel. Whether the story is about the marriage of [[Johann Wilhelm, Elector Palatine|Jan Wellem]] and [[Anna Maria Luisa de' Medici]] or the wedding of Margravine [[Jakobea of Baden]] and [[John William, Duke of Jülich-Cleves-Berg|Johann Wilhelm]] is debatable.<br /> <br /> Another story gives an account of this wedding between Margrave Jacobe von Baden and Johann Wilhelm, in 1585. According to legend she felt miserable about her marriage, but the cartwheelers who displayed their skills next to her carriage were able to make her smile.<br /> <br /> Numerous travelers were attracted to the city by great exhibitions- the forerunner of today’s fairs between the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century.<br /> <br /> During this time the children who did the cart wheeling found out that it was a profitable source of income. <br /> The bourgeoisie accepted this in good humor as a symbolic act of local patriotism.<br /> <br /> In the beginning the lads shouted ''&quot;för eene Penning schlage ich das Rad“'' (cartwheel for a penny). Today they certainly ask for a higher fee. <br /> The Jan Wellem monument was brought back to Düsseldorf in 1945, at the end of the Second World War. The procession was accompanied by torches, fanfares and the cartwheeling boys.<br /> <br /> ===== Cartwheelers in the cityscape =====<br /> <br /> Cartwheelers can be found by several fountains within the city. The most famous is Cartwheeler’s Fountain in ''Burgplatz'' with an inscription of a quote by Hans Müller-Schlösser: &quot;''Radschläger wolle mer blieve, wie jeck et de Minschen och drieve“'' (No matter what happens, we will always be cartwheelers.) The fountain was designed by Alfred Zschorsch in 1954 and donated by the ''Heimatverein Düsseldorfer Jonges'', which is a club devoted to the maintenance of local and regional traditions. There are other cartwheelers that decorate storm drains and the door knocker on the Church of Lambertus, which was designed by Friedrich Becker. He also created the cartwheeler in front of the Schadow Arcades.<br /> <br /> This tradition has been kept alive by the ''Alde Düsseldorfer Bürgergesellschaft von 1920 e. V.'', a society founded in 1920, who organized the first cartwheeler competition on 17 October 1937. Since 1971 this event has been held annually in cooperation with the ''Stadtsparkasse'' (a local bank) but formerly took place in the ''[[Königsallee]]''. Since 2006 it has taken place on the ''Rheinwerft'', near the old part of town. This is a fixed date in the city’s calendar of events. About 500 boys regularly participate in this event and since 1971 girls have also taken part.<br /> <br /> In 2001 the art project ''Radschläger-Kunst'' (Cartwheeler Art) was called into life, in which over 100 cartwheeler sculptures have been designed by various artists. The door knocker on the Church of Lambertus functioned as a model for the sculptures that are {{convert|2|m|0|abbr=off}} high, {{convert|2|m|0|abbr=off}} wide and {{convert|30|cm|0|abbr=on}} deep. They were positioned around the city center. Some of the sculptures have been auctioned off to companies and private owners.<br /> <br /> ===Cuisine===<br /> Traditional meals in the region are Rheinischer [[Sauerbraten]] (a beef roast and sometimes horse marinated for a few days in vinegar and spices served with gravy and raisins ) and [[Himmel und erde|Heaven and Earth]] (Himmel und Äd) ([[black pudding]] with stewed apples mixed with [[mashed potato]]es). In winter the people like to eat Muscheln Rheinischer Art (Rhenish-style mussels) as well as [[Reibekuchen]] (fried potato pancake served with apple sauce). Also a special meal: Düsseldorfer Senfrostbraten (Steaks roasted with Düsseldorf mustard on top).<br /> <br /> Düsseldorf is known for its strong [[Mustard (condiment)#Dijon mustard|Dijon]]-like [[Mustard (condiment)|mustard]] served in a traditional pot called &quot;Mostertpöttche&quot;, which was eternalised in a [[still life]] by [[Vincent van Gogh]] in 1884.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://duesseldorf-altstadt.blogspot.com/2007/01/van-gogh-stilleben-mit-abb-senf.html |title=Düsseldorf Altstadt: Van Gogh, Stilleben mit ABB-Senf |publisher=Duesseldorf-altstadt.blogspot.com |date=2007-01-25 |accessdate=2009-05-05}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Rivalry with Cologne===<br /> Düsseldorf and [[Cologne]] have a &quot;fierce regional rivalry&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Rivalry&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=Giving beer a home in the Rhineland|url=http://www.thelocal.de/society/20110728-36597.html|accessdate=28 July 2011|newspaper=[[The Local]]|date=28 July 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; The rivalry includes [[Carnival in Germany, Switzerland and Austria|carnival]] parades, [[Association football|football]], and [[beer]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Rivalry&quot;/&gt; People in Cologne prefer [[Kölsch (beer)|Kölsch]] while people in Düsseldorf prefer Alt.&lt;ref name=&quot;Rivalry&quot;/&gt; Waiters and patrons will &quot;scorn&quot; and make a &quot;mockery&quot; of people who order Alt beer in Cologne and Kölsch in Düsseldorf.&lt;ref name=&quot;Rivalry&quot;/&gt; The rivalry has been described as a &quot;love-hate relationship&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Rivalry&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Theatres===<br /> [[File:Düsseldorfer Schauspielhaus.jpg|thumb|Düsseldorf Schauspielhaus]]<br /> [[File:Tonhalle Düsseldorf.jpg|thumb|Düsseldorf Tonhalle]]<br /> <br /> * Apollo (varieté, circus; shows do not require knowledge of [[German language]])<br /> * [[Capitol Theater (Düsseldorf)|Capitol]] (musicals)<br /> * [[Deutsche Oper am Rhein]] (Opera; Ballet)<br /> * [[Düsseldorfer Schauspielhaus]]; the theatre started with theatralic performances in 1585<br /> * Düsseldorfer Marionetten-Theater<br /> * ESPRIT Arena (Venue of the [[Eurovision Song Contest 2011]])<br /> * FFT – Forum Freies Theater (intimate theatre)<br /> * Klangraum (20th-century classical music)<br /> * [[Kom(m)ödchen]] (Political cabaret)<br /> * Komödie Düsseldorf<br /> * Palais Wittgenstein<br /> * Puppentheater an der Helmholtzstraße (puppetry)<br /> * Robert-Schumann-Saal<br /> * Tanzhaus NRW (theatre for dance)<br /> * [[Tonhalle Düsseldorf]] ([[concert hall]] for [[classical music]], jazz, pop, cabaret)<br /> * Theater an der Kö<br /> * Theater an der Luegallee<br /> * Theateratelier Takelgarn<br /> * Theater Flin<br /> * Theater Glorreich<br /> * Savoy-Theater<br /> <br /> ===Museums, arts and history institutes, and other attractions===<br /> [[File:K20 Dusseldorf.jpg|thumb|[[Kunstsammlung Nordrhein-Westfalen]] – K20 (Grabbeplatz)]]<br /> [[File:K21 Staendehaus.jpg|thumb|[[Kunstsammlung Nordrhein-Westfalen]] – K21 (Ständehaus)]]<br /> [[File:Dusseldorf AquaZoo Entrance.jpg|thumb|Dusseldorf_AquaZoo_Entrance]]<br /> [[File:Dusseldorf-Tv Tower2.JPG|thumb|Düsseldorf-TV Tower2]]<br /> <br /> * Akademie-Galerie (exhibition space of the Art Academy Düsseldorf)<br /> * [[Andreaskirche]]<br /> * Aquazoo-Löbbecke-Museum (aquarium and zoological museum)&lt;ref&gt;https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dusseldorf_AquaZoo_Entrance.jpg&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * TvTower &lt;ref&gt;https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dusseldorf-Tv_Tower2.JPG&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * BRAUSE – Vereinsheim des Metzgerei Schnitzel Kunstvereins e.V.<br /> * Film museum&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.duesseldorf.de/kultur/filmmuseum/index.shtml |title=Filmmuseum |publisher=Duesseldorf.de |date= |accessdate=2012-09-04}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Filmstiftung NRW&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.filmstiftung.de/English/news.php Filmstiftung NRW]{{dead link|date=September 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; (NRW Film Foundation)<br /> * [[Forum NRW]]<br /> * [[Johann Wolfgang von Goethe|Goethe]]-Museum<br /> * [[Heinrich-Heine-Institut]]<br /> * [[Heinrich Heine Birth-house]]<br /> * [[Hetjens Museum]] (German museum of ceramics)<br /> * Institut Français Düsseldorf<br /> * Institut für Kunstdokumentation und Szenografie&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.iks-medienarchiv.de/ |title=iks-medienarchiv.de |publisher=iks-medienarchiv.de |date= |accessdate=2012-09-04}}&lt;/ref&gt; (Institute for Art Documentation and Scenography)<br /> * Julia Stoschek Collection&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.julia-stoschek-collection.net/de/start.html Julia Stoschek Collection]&lt;/ref&gt; (video art)<br /> * KAI 10 | Raum für Kunst&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.kaistrasse10.de/ |title=KAI 10 &amp;#124; Raum für Kunst |publisher=Kaistrasse10.de |date= |accessdate=2012-09-04}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Kulturbahnhof Eller&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.kultur-bahnhof-eller.de/ |title=Kulturbahnhof Eller |publisher=Kultur-bahnhof-eller.de |date= |accessdate=2012-09-04}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Kunstarchiv Kaiserswerth (works of Bernd and Hilla Becher/Kahmen Collection)<br /> * [[Kunst im Tunnel]] (KIT)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.kunst-im-tunnel.de/e/index.html |title=KIT |publisher=Kunst-im-tunnel.de |date= |accessdate=2012-09-04}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * [[Kunstsammlung Nordrhein-Westfalen]] (Art Collection Northrhine-Westphalia) – K20 (Grabbeplatz) and K21 (Ständehaus)<br /> * [[Kunsthalle Düsseldorf]]<br /> * Kunstverein für die Rheinlande und Westfalen (Society for the Promotion of the Fine Arts)<br /> * [[Museum Kunst Palast]]<br /> * Mahn- und Gedenkstätte für die Opfer des Nationalsozialmus&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.ns-gedenkstaetten.de/nrw/duesseldorf/index_2.php3 Mahn- und Gedenkstätte für die Opfer des Nationalsozialmus]{{dead link|date=April 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; (Memorial museum for victims of [[Nazism|Nationalsocialism]])<br /> * Onomato&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://onomato-verein.de/veranstaltungen/index.html |title=onomato künstlerverein |publisher=Onomato-verein.de |date= |accessdate=2012-09-04}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Polnisches Institut Düsseldorf&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.polnisches-institut.de/ |title=Polnisches Institut Düsseldorf |publisher=Polnisches-institut.de |date= |accessdate=2012-09-04}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Puppentheater an der Helmholtzstraße<br /> * Rathaus<br /> * Reinraum e.V. – Verein zur Förderung von Kunst und Kultur<br /> * [[Rheinturm Düsseldorf|Rheinturm]] (Rhine Tower; highest building and landmark of Düsseldorf)<br /> * [[St. Lambertuskirche]]<br /> * [[Schiffahrt Museum]]<br /> * [[Schloss Jagerhof]]<br /> * [[Schlossturm]]<br /> * Schloss und Park Benrath (Palace and park of Benrath) – includes the [[Museum für europäische Gartenkunst]] ([[Museum of European Garden design]])<br /> * [[Stadtmuseum Düsseldorf|Stadtmuseum]] (City history museum)<br /> * Statue of [[Jan Wellem]]<br /> * [[Theatermuseum, Düsseldorf]]<br /> * [[Triton Museum]]<br /> * zakk&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.zakk.de/ |title=zakk |publisher=Zakk.de |date= |accessdate=2012-09-04}}&lt;/ref&gt; – cultural centre with concerts, readings, debates and party<br /> <br /> ===Parks and gardens===<br /> * [[Botanischer Garten Düsseldorf]], a modern [[botanical garden]]<br /> * Hofgarten<br /> * The Nordpark, with the Aquazoo<br /> * The Suedfriedhof (The South Cemetery)<br /> <br /> ==Sports==<br /> [[File:ISS Dome Düsseldorf Straßensicht.jpg|thumb|The [[ISS-Dome]], an [[ice hockey]] stadium opened in 2006]]<br /> [[File:LTU-Arena Düsseldorf.jpg|thumb|The [[Esprit Arena]] (former LTU)]]<br /> <br /> Düsseldorf's [[Association football|football]] team [[Fortuna Düsseldorf]], the German Champions of 1933, German Cup Winners of 1979, 1980 and European Cup Winners Cup finalists of 1979 competed in the second German league ([[2. Fußball-Bundesliga|2. Bundesliga]]) in 2011–12 season and returned to [[Fußball-Bundesliga|Bundesliga]] winning play-off against [[Hertha BSC|Hertha Berlin]] after 15 years. Their new stadium, the [[Esprit Arena|Esprit arena]], opened in January 2005 and has a capacity of 54,500. Düsseldorf is one of nine [[1974 FIFA World Cup]] cities and the Rochusclub Düsseldorf has hosted the tennis [[World Team Cup]] since 1978.<br /> <br /> Other sports in Düsseldorf are [[ice hockey]] (the [[DEG Metro Stars]], former DEG – Düsseldorfer Eislauf Gemeinschaft, which play in the new [[ISS-Dome]]) and [[American football]]. The [[Düsseldorf Panther]] are one of the most successful teams in Germany with six [[German Bowl]] titles and the [[Eurobowl]] victory in 1995. In addition the Junior-Team is the most successful youth department in Germany with fifteen [[German Junior Bowl|Junior Bowl]] victorys. [[Rhein Fire|Rhine Fire Düsseldorf]] was an established team of the [[NFL Europa|NFL Europe]] and won the [[World Bowl]] two times in 1998 and 2000. Düsseldorf has a successful [[rugby union]] team (Düsseldorf Dragons), who play in the regional NRW league and consistently finish with a top-three position.<br /> [[Table tennis]] is also played (Borussia Düsseldorf – the most successful team in Germany with [[Timo Boll]]), as are [[team handball|handball]] (HSG Düsseldorf), [[basketball]] ([[Gloria Giants Düsseldorf|Düsseldorf Giants]]), [[baseball]] (Düsseldorf Senators) and [[dance|dancing]] (Rot-Weiß Düsseldorf).<br /> <br /> ==Education==<br /> [[University of Düsseldorf|Heinrich Heine University]] Düsseldorf is located in the southern part of the city.<br /> It has about 20,000 students and a wide range of subjects in [[natural science]]s, mathematics, [[computer science]]s, philosophy, [[social sciences]], arts, languages, medicine, pharmacy, economy and the law.<br /> <br /> Other academic institutions include<br /> * the [[Clara Schumann]] Musikschule (music school)<br /> * the [[Robert Schumann Hochschule]]<br /> * the [[Kunstakademie Düsseldorf]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.kunstakademie-duesseldorf.de/ |title=Official Homepage |publisher=Kunstakademie-duesseldorf.de |date= |accessdate=2012-09-04}}&lt;/ref&gt; (Academy of [[Fine art|Fine Arts]]) which is famous for high-profile artists like Joseph Beuys, Paul Klee, Nam June Paik, Gerhard Richter, the Bechers, and Andreas Gursky.<br /> * the [[Fachhochschule Düsseldorf]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.fh-duesseldorf.de/english/index.html |title=Fachhochschule Düsseldorf - Home |publisher=Fh-duesseldorf.de |date= |accessdate=2012-09-04}}&lt;/ref&gt; (University of [[Applied science|Applied Sciences]]).<br /> * the [[AMD Academy of Fashion and Design]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.amdnet.de/ |title=AMD Akademie Mode und Design|publisher=Amdnet.de |date= |accessdate=2012-09-04}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * the [[Max Planck Institute for Iron Research GmbH|Max Planck Institute for Iron Research]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.mpie.de/ |title=Official homepage of the institute |publisher=Mpie.de |date= |accessdate=2012-09-04}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * the [[Goethe-Institut|Goethe Institute]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.goethe.de/ins/de/ort/due/deindex.htm |title=Deutsch lernen in Deutschland – Deutschkurse und Deutschprüfungen in Deutschland - Kursorte - Düsseldorf - Goethe-Institut |publisher=Goethe.de |date=2012-06-28 |accessdate=2012-09-04}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Verwaltungs- und Wirtschafts-Akademie Düsseldorf<br /> <br /> ==Notable buildings==<br /> [[File:Düsseldorf, Medienhafen.jpg|thumb|The ''[[Neuer Zollhof]]'' at [[Medienhafen]]]]<br /> <br /> *[[Rheinturm Düsseldorf|Rheinturm]] (TV tower) the city's landmark (1982: {{convert|234|m|ft|abbr=on|disp=x|/}}, since 2004: {{convert|240.50|m|ft|abbr=on|disp=x|/}}), the lights on which comprise the world's largest [[digital clock]].<br /> *The [[Frank Gehry|Gehry]] buildings in the Düsseldorf media harbour (see picture above).<br /> *The Colorium, an 18 storey tower designed by Alsop and Partners, also in the Düsseldorf media harbour.<br /> *The [[Schloss Benrath|Benrather Schloss]] (Benrath palace).<br /> *The [[Wilhem Marx House]] of 1922/24: at twelve storeys high, it was Germany's first [[Skyscraper|high-rise building]].<br /> *The Stahlhof of 1906, the administrative centre of Germany's steel economy until 1945.<br /> *The Stummhaus of 1925, another early German high-rise building.<br /> *Gerresheim Basilica.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.duesselgruft.de/Duesseldorf/Gerresheim/P1070_1.jpg| title = Gerresheim Basilica |accessdate=2011-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *St. Suitbertus Basilica.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.duesseldorf.de/denkmalschutz/grafik/m32.jpg| title = St. Suitbertus Basilica |accessdate=2011-06-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *DRV Tower, {{convert|120|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}-high tower constructed in 1978.<br /> *GAP 15, an {{convert|85|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}-high building constructed in 2005 near [[Königsallee]].<br /> *[[ARAG-Tower]], at {{convert|131|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} in height, it is Düsseldorf's highest [[office|office building]]; designed by [[Sir Norman Foster]].<br /> *Eight bridges span the River Rhine at Düsseldorf; they, too, are city landmarks.<br /> *Eastern pylon of [[Reisholz Rhine Powerline Crossing]], an electricity pylon under whose legs runs a rail<br /> <br /> ==Notable places==<br /> *Kö ([[Königsallee]]), a shopping street with luxuries shops<br /> *[[Schloss Benrath]], rococo castle<br /> *[[Altstadt (Düsseldorf)]], literally &quot;old town&quot;, the historic town centre. Nowadays Düsseldorf's entertainment district with hundreds of pubs and restaurants, and proverbially known by Germans as &quot;the longest bar in the world&quot;.<br /> *[[Düsseldorf-Hafen]], the harbour is a modern build district<br /> *[[Kaiserswerth]], historical district with the ruined castle of Barbarossa [[Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor]]<br /> *[[Hofgarten]], old city park<br /> <br /> ==Twin towns – sister cities==<br /> {{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Germany}}<br /> <br /> Düsseldorf is [[town twinning|twinned]] with:&lt;ref name=&quot;Düsseldorf&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.amazingdusseldorf.com/community-local/people/twin-towns.html |title=Twin Towns |publisher=www.amazingdusseldorf.com |accessdate=2009-10-29 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *{{flagicon|GER}} [[Chemnitz]], Germany&lt;ref name=&quot;Düsseldorf&quot;/&gt;<br /> *{{flagicon|CHN}} [[Chongqing]], China&lt;ref name=&quot;Düsseldorf&quot;/&gt;<br /> *{{flagicon|ISR}} [[Haifa]], Israel&lt;ref name=&quot;Düsseldorf&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Haifa&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.haifa.muni.il/Cultures/en-US/city/CitySecretary_ForeignAffairs/EngActs.htm |archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20071009084809/http://www.haifa.muni.il/Cultures/en-US/city/CitySecretary_ForeignAffairs/EngActs.htm |archivedate=2007-10-09 |title=Twin City acitivities |publisher=Haifa Municipality |accessdate=2008-02-14}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *{{flagicon|RUS}} [[Moscow]], Russia&lt;ref name=&quot;Düsseldorf&quot;/&gt;<br /> *{{flagicon|UK}} [[Reading, Berkshire|Reading]], England, since 1947, officially since 1988&lt;ref name=&quot;Düsseldorf&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Reading twinning&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url= http://www.reading.gov.uk/council/town-twinning/|title=Reading - Town Twinning|accessdate=2013-07-14|work=Reading Borough Council}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *{{flagicon|POL}} [[Warsaw]], Poland&lt;ref name=&quot;Düsseldorf&quot;/&gt;<br /> *{{flagicon|JOR}} [[Amman]], Jordan<br /> <br /> In addition, Düsseldorf has friendship relations with:<br /> *{{flagicon|NOR}} [[Lillehammer]], Norway<br /> *{{flagicon|ESP}} [[Palma de Mallorca]], Spain<br /> *{{flagicon|SRB}} [[Belgrade]], Serbia<br /> *{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Toulouse]], France<br /> *{{flagicon|USA}} [[Chicago]], United States ([[Illinois|IL]])<br /> *{{flagicon|JOR}} [[Amman]], Jordan<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> {{Portal|North Rhine-Westphalia}}<br /> *[[Japan Day in Düsseldorf]]<br /> *[[OPENCities]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist|30em}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> {{Commons}}<br /> *[http://www.wikidus.de/ Wikidus.de] The Wiki for Düsseldorf<br /> *[http://www.duesseldorf.de/en/index.shtml Düsseldorf] Official English website of the city<br /> *[http://www.duesseldorf-tourismus.de/en/home/ visitduesseldorf.de] Official Düsseldorf Tourist Board<br /> *[http://www.panorama-cities.net/duesseldorf/duesseldorf_germany.html Düsseldorf City Panoramas]<br /> *[http://web.archive.org/web/20070113032744/http://www.german-embassy.org.uk/Carnival_dusseldorf.html Burrying the Hoppeditz: Carnival in Düsseldorf]<br /> *[http://www.flickr.com/search/show/?q=Dusseldorf+ww2&amp;w=26359504%40N08 The Lost City WW2 Bomb Damage 1942/3]<br /> {{Geographic location<br /> |Centre = Düsseldorf<br /> |North = [[Duisburg]], [[Essen]]<br /> |Northeast = [[Dortmund]]<br /> |East = [[Wuppertal]], [[Kassel]]<br /> |Southeast = [[Siegen]]<br /> |South = [[Leverkusen]], [[Bergisch Gladbach]], [[Cologne]], [[Bonn]]<br /> |Southwest = [[Aachen]]<br /> |West = [[Mönchengladbach]]<br /> |Northwest = [[Krefeld]]<br /> }}<br /> {{Navboxes<br /> |title = Articles related to Düsseldorf<br /> |list =<br /> {{Capitals of the states of the Federal Republic of Germany}}<br /> {{Cities in Germany}}<br /> {{Eurovision Song Contest}}<br /> {{Navboxes<br /> |title = [[File:Gnome-globe.svg|25px]]{{nbsp}}Geographic locale<br /> |list =<br /> '''[[Geographic coordinate system|Lat. &lt;small&gt;and&lt;/small&gt; Long.]] {{Coord|51|14|N|6|47|E|display=inline}}'''<br /> }}<br /> {{Germany districts north rhine-westphalia}}<br /> {{World's most populated urban areas}}<br /> }}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Dusseldorf}}<br /> [[Category:Düsseldorf| ]]<br /> [[Category:German state capitals]]<br /> [[Category:Populated places on the Rhine]]<br /> [[Category:Turkish communities in Germany]]<br /> [[Category:University towns in Germany]]<br /> <br /> {{Link GA|bs}}<br /> {{Link GA|de}}<br /> {{Link GA|lv}}<br /> {{Link GA|ru}}</div> Tulumino https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dave_Charlton&diff=568112139 Dave Charlton 2013-08-11T19:50:17Z <p>Tulumino: /* Complete Formula One World Championship results */ WL</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2012}}<br /> {{Use British English|date=March 2012}}<br /> {{Infobox F1 driver<br /> | name = Dave Charlton<br /> | nationality = {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[South Africa]]n<br /> | birth_date = {{birth date|1936|10|27|df=yes}} <br /> | birth_place = {{nowrap|[[Brotton]], [[Yorkshire]], [[United Kingdom]]}} <br /> | death_date = {{death date and age|2013|02|24|1936|10|27|df=yes}} <br /> | death_place = {{nowrap|[[Johannesburg]], [[South Africa]]}} <br /> | Years = {{F1|1965}}, {{F1|1967}}–{{F1|1968}}, {{F1|1970}}–{{F1|1975}} |<br /> Team(s) = [[Team Lotus|Lotus]], [[Brabham]], [[Team McLaren|McLaren]]<br /> | Races = 13 (11 starts)<br /> | Championships = 0<br /> | Wins = 0<br /> | Podiums = 0<br /> | Points = 0<br /> | Poles = 0<br /> | Fastest laps = 0<br /> | First race = [[1965 South African Grand Prix]]<br /> | First win = <br /> | Last win = <br /> | Last race = [[1975 South African Grand Prix]] <br /> }}<br /> '''David William Charlton'''&lt;ref name=&quot;IOL&quot;/&gt; (27 October 1936 – 24 February 2013) was a [[racing driver]] from [[South Africa]]. <br /> <br /> Charlton was born in [[Brotton]], [[Yorkshire]], [[United Kingdom|UK]]. He participated in 13 World Championship [[Formula One]] Grands Prix, debuting on 1 January 1965. He scored no championship points. He competed in many non-World Championship Formula One races, winning the [[South African Formula One Championship]] six times in succession from 1970 to 1975. <br /> <br /> Charlton died in [[Johannesburg]], South Africa on February 24, 2013, aged 76.&lt;ref name=&quot;IOL&quot;&gt;{{cite web|author=IOL Motoring Staff |url=http://www.iol.co.za/motoring/motorsport/dave-charlton-the-end-of-an-era-1.1476649 |title=Dave Charlton - The end of an era - IOL Motoring Motorsport |publisher=IOL.co.za |date= |accessdate=2013-02-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> {{-}}<br /> <br /> ==Complete Formula One World Championship results==<br /> [[File:McLaren M23 (Emerson Fittipaldi) - 001.jpg|thumb|right|Charlton drove the [[McLaren M23]] of car number 23 during the [[1974 South African Grand Prix]].]] <br /> ([[:Template:F1 driver results legend 2|key]]) (Races in '''bold''' indicate pole position)<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center; font-size:90%&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Year<br /> ! Entrant<br /> ! Chassis<br /> ! Engine<br /> ! 1<br /> ! 2<br /> ! 3<br /> ! 4<br /> ! 5<br /> ! 6<br /> ! 7<br /> ! 8<br /> ! 9<br /> ! 10<br /> ! 11<br /> ! 12<br /> ! 13<br /> ! 14<br /> ! 15<br /> ! WDC<br /> ! [[List of Formula One World Championship points scoring systems|Points]]<br /> |-<br /> | [[1965 Formula One season|1965]]<br /> ! Ecurie Tomahawk<br /> ! [[Team Lotus|Lotus]] [[Lotus 20|20]]<br /> ! [[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] [[Straight-4]]<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffcfcf;&quot;| [[1965 South African Grand Prix|RSA]]&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;DNPQ&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | [[1965 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | [[1965 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | [[1965 French Grand Prix|FRA]]&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | [[1965 British Grand Prix|GBR]]&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | [[1965 Dutch Grand Prix|NED]]&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | [[1965 German Grand Prix|GER]]&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | [[1965 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | [[1965 United States Grand Prix|USA]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | [[1965 Mexican Grand Prix|MEX]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;/small&gt;<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> ! NC<br /> ! 0<br /> |-<br /> | [[1967 Formula One season|1967]]<br /> ! [[Scuderia Scribante]]<br /> ! [[Brabham]] [[Brabham BT11|BT11]]<br /> ! [[Coventry Climax]]<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| [[1967 South African Grand Prix|RSA]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;NC&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | [[1967 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | [[1967 Dutch Grand Prix|NED]]&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | [[1967 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | [[1967 French Grand Prix|FRA]]&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | [[1967 British Grand Prix|GBR]]&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | [[1967 German Grand Prix|GER]]&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | [[1967 Canadian Grand Prix|CAN]]&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | [[1967 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | [[1967 United States Grand Prix|USA]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | [[1967 Mexican Grand Prix|MEX]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;/small&gt;<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> ! NC<br /> ! 0<br /> |-<br /> | [[1968 Formula One season|1968]]<br /> ! Scuderia Scribante<br /> ! [[Brabham]] [[Brabham BT11|BT11]]<br /> ! [[Repco]]<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| [[1968 South African Grand Prix|RSA]]&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;Ret&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | [[1968 Spanish Grand Prix|ESP]]&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | [[1968 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | [[1968 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | [[1968 Dutch Grand Prix|NED]]&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | [[1968 French Grand Prix|FRA]]&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | [[1968 British Grand Prix|GBR]]&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | [[1968 German Grand Prix|GER]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | [[1968 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]] &lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | [[1968 Canadian Grand Prix|CAN]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | [[1968 United States Grand Prix|USA]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | [[1968 Mexican Grand Prix|MEX]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;/small&gt;<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> ! NC<br /> ! 0<br /> |-<br /> | [[1970 Formula One season|1970]]<br /> ! Scuderia Scribante<br /> ! [[Team Lotus|Lotus]] [[Lotus 49|49C]]<br /> ! [[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] [[Cosworth DFV]]<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| [[1970 South African Grand Prix|RSA]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;12&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | [[1970 Spanish Grand Prix|ESP]]&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | [[1970 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | [[1970 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | [[1970 Dutch Grand Prix|NED]]&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | [[1970 French Grand Prix|FRA]]&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | [[1970 British Grand Prix|GBR]]&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | [[1970 German Grand Prix|GER]]&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | [[1970 Austrian Grand Prix|AUT]]&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | [[1970 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | [[1970 Canadian Grand Prix|CAN]]&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | [[1970 United States Grand Prix|USA]] &lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | [[1970 Mexican Grand Prix|MEX]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;/small&gt;<br /> |<br /> |<br /> ! NC<br /> ! 0<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[1971 Formula One season|1971]]<br /> ! [[Brabham|Brabham Racing Organisation]]<br /> ! [[Brabham]] [[Brabham BT33|BT33]]<br /> ! [[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] [[Cosworth DFV]]<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| [[1971 South African Grand Prix|RSA]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;Ret&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | [[1971 Spanish Grand Prix|ESP]]&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | [[1971 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | [[1971 Dutch Grand Prix|NED]]&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | [[1971 French Grand Prix|FRA]]&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;/small&gt;<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| NC<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 0<br /> |-<br /> ! [[Team Lotus]]<br /> ! [[Team Lotus|Lotus]] [[Lotus 72|72D]]<br /> ! [[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] [[Cosworth DFV]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| [[1971 British Grand Prix|GBR]]&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;Ret&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | [[1971 German Grand Prix|GER]]&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | [[1971 Austrian Grand Prix|AUT]]&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | [[1971 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | [[1971 Canadian Grand Prix|CAN]]&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | [[1971 United States Grand Prix|USA]] &lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;/small&gt;<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | [[1972 Formula One season|1972]]<br /> ! Scuderia Scribante<br /> ! [[Team Lotus|Lotus]] [[Lotus 72|72D]]<br /> ! [[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] [[Cosworth DFV]]<br /> | [[1972 Argentine Grand Prix|ARG]]&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| [[1972 South African Grand Prix|RSA]]&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;Ret&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | [[1972 Spanish Grand Prix|ESP]]&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | [[1972 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | [[1972 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffcfcf;&quot;| [[1972 French Grand Prix|FRA]]&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;DNQ&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| [[1972 British Grand Prix|GBR]]&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;Ret&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| [[1972 German Grand Prix|GER]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;Ret&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | [[1972 Austrian Grand Prix|AUT]]&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | [[1972 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]] &lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | [[1972 Canadian Grand Prix|CAN]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | [[1972 United States Grand Prix|USA]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;/small&gt;<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> ! NC<br /> ! 0<br /> |-<br /> | [[1973 Formula One season|1973]]<br /> ! Scuderia Scribante<br /> ! [[Team Lotus|Lotus]] [[Lotus 72|72D]]<br /> ! [[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] [[Cosworth DFV]]<br /> | [[1973 Argentine Grand Prix|ARG]]&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | [[1973 Brazilian Grand Prix|BRA]]&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| [[1973 South African Grand Prix|RSA]]&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;Ret&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | [[1973 Spanish Grand Prix|ESP]]&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | [[1973 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | [[1973 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | [[1973 Swedish Grand Prix|SWE]]&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | [[1973 French Grand Prix|FRA]]&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | [[1973 British Grand Prix|GBR]]&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | [[1973 Dutch Grand Prix|NED]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | [[1973 German Grand Prix|GER]]&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | [[1973 Austrian Grand Prix|AUT]]&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | [[1973 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]] &lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | [[1973 Canadian Grand Prix|CAN]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | [[1973 United States Grand Prix|USA]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;/small&gt;<br /> ! NC<br /> ! 0<br /> |-<br /> | [[1974 Formula One season|1974]]<br /> ! Scuderia Scribante<br /> ! [[Team McLaren|McLaren]] [[McLaren M23|M23]]<br /> ! [[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] [[Cosworth DFV]]<br /> | [[1974 Argentine Grand Prix|ARG]]&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | [[1974 Brazilian Grand Prix|BRA]]&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| [[1974 South African Grand Prix|RSA]]&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;19&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | [[1974 Spanish Grand Prix|ESP]]&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | [[1974 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | [[1974 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | [[1974 Swedish Grand Prix|SWE]]&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | [[1974 Dutch Grand Prix|NED]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | [[1974 French Grand Prix|FRA]]&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | [[1974 British Grand Prix|GBR]]&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | [[1974 German Grand Prix|GER]]&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | [[1974 Austrian Grand Prix|AUT]]&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | [[1974 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]] &lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | [[1974 Canadian Grand Prix|CAN]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | [[1974 United States Grand Prix|USA]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;/small&gt;<br /> ! NC<br /> ! 0<br /> |-<br /> | [[1975 Formula One season|1975]]<br /> ! [[Alex Blignaut|Lucky Strike Racing]]<br /> ! [[Team McLaren|McLaren]] [[McLaren M23|M23]]<br /> ! [[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] [[Cosworth DFV]]<br /> | [[1975 Argentine Grand Prix|ARG]]&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | [[1975 Brazilian Grand Prix|BRA]]&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| [[1975 South African Grand Prix|RSA]]&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;14&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | [[1975 Spanish Grand Prix|ESP]]&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | [[1975 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | [[1975 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | [[1975 Swedish Grand Prix|SWE]]&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | [[1975 Dutch Grand Prix|NED]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | [[1975 French Grand Prix|FRA]]&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | [[1975 British Grand Prix|GBR]]&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | [[1975 German Grand Prix|GER]]&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | [[1975 Austrian Grand Prix|AUT]]&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | [[1975 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]] &lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | [[1975 United States Grand Prix|USA]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | <br /> ! NC<br /> ! 0<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> *[http://www.grandprix.com/gpe/drv-chadav.html Profile at grandprix.com]<br /> <br /> {{s-start}}<br /> ! colspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;background:#9f6;&quot;| Sporting achievements<br /> {{succession box|title=South African Formula One Champion |before=[[John Love (racing driver)|John Love]]|after=none|years=1970-1975}}<br /> {{s-end}}<br /> <br /> {{Persondata &lt;!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. --&gt;<br /> | NAME = Charlton, Dave<br /> | ALTERNATIVE NAMES =<br /> | SHORT DESCRIPTION = Racing driver<br /> | DATE OF BIRTH = 27 October 1936<br /> | PLACE OF BIRTH =<br /> | DATE OF DEATH =<br /> | PLACE OF DEATH =<br /> }}<br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Charlton, Dave}}<br /> [[Category:1936 births]]<br /> [[Category:2013 deaths]]<br /> [[Category:English emigrants to South Africa]]<br /> [[Category:South African racing drivers]]<br /> [[Category:South African Formula One drivers]]<br /> [[Category:Brabham Formula One drivers]]<br /> [[Category:Team Lotus Formula One drivers]]<br /> [[Category:Scuderia Scribante Formula One drivers]]<br /> <br /> {{F1-bio-stub}}<br /> {{SouthAfrica-autoracing-bio-stub}}</div> Tulumino https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Duisburg&diff=559232848 Duisburg 2013-06-10T14:09:05Z <p>Tulumino: Link rep</p> <hr /> <div>{{for|the village in Belgium|Duisburg (Tervuren)}}<br /> {{Infobox German Location<br /> |Name = Duisburg<br /> |Art = CITY<br /> |image_photo = Innenhafen Duisburg.jpg<br /> |image_caption = [[Duisburg Inner Harbor]]<br /> |Wappen =DEU_Duisburg_COA.svg<br /> |image_flag = Flagge der Stadt Duisburg mit Wappen.svg<br /> |lat_deg = 51 | lat_min = 26 | lat_sec = 6.53<br /> |lon_deg = 6 | lon_min = 45 | lon_sec = 45.69<br /> |Lageplan = North rhine w DU.svg<br /> |Bundesland = NRW<br /> |Regierungsbezirk = Düsseldorf<br /> |Landkreis = urban<br /> |Höhe = 31<br /> |Fläche = 232.82<br /> |Einwohner = 488005<br /> |Stand = 2011-12-31<br /> |pop_ref =<br /> |PLZ = 47001–47279<br /> |Vorwahl = 0203<br /> |Kfz = DU<br /> |Gemeindeschlüssel = 05 1 12 000<br /> |LOCODE = DU DUI<br /> |Gliederung = 7 boroughs, 46 suburbs<br /> |Website = [http://www.duisburg.de/ www.duisburg.de]<br /> |Bürgermeister = Sören Link<br /> |Bürgermeistertitel = Oberbürgermeister<br /> |Partei = SPD<br /> |ruling_party1 = SPD |ruling_party2 = Greens |ruling_party3 = The Left<br /> }}<br /> '''Duisburg''' ({{IPA-de|ˈdyːsbʊɐ̯k|lang|De-Duisburg.ogg}}) is a [[Germany|German]] city in the western part of the [[Ruhr Area]] (''Ruhrgebiet'') in [[North Rhine-Westphalia]]. It is an independent metropolitan borough within [[Düsseldorf (region)|Regierungsbezirk Düsseldorf]]. With the world's biggest [[Inland port|inland harbour]]{{citation needed|date=May 2012}} and its proximity to [[Düsseldorf International Airport]], Duisburg has become an important venue for commerce and steel production.<br /> <br /> Today's city is a result of numerous incorporations of surrounding towns and smaller cities. It is the fifteenth-largest city in Germany and the fifth-largest city in [[North Rhine-Westphalia]] with 488,218 residents as of the end of 2010. The city is renowned for its [[Steel|steel industry]]. The last remaining [[Coal mining|coal mine]] closed down in the summer of 2009, but Duisburg has never been a coal-mining center to the same extent as other places in the Ruhr region. All [[blast furnace]]s in the Ruhr are now located in Duisburg. 49% of all hot metal and 34.4% of all [[Pig iron|pig-iron]] in Germany is produced here (as of 2000). It also has a large brewery, the [[König Brauerei]], located in Duisburg-Beeck, which makes the König Pilsener brand. The [[University of Duisburg-Essen]], with 37,000 students, ranks among the 10 largest German universities.<br /> <br /> == Geography ==<br /> Duisburg is located in the Lowland Rhine area at the confluence of the [[Rhine]] and [[Ruhr (river)|Ruhr]] and near the outskirts of the [[Bergisches Land]]. The city spreads along both sides of these rivers.<br /> <br /> === Adjacent cities ===<br /> The following [[city|cities]] border Duisburg (clockwise starting from north-east):<br /> [[Oberhausen]], [[Mülheim|Mülheim an der Ruhr]], [[Ratingen]], [[Düsseldorf]], [[Meerbusch]], [[Krefeld]], [[Moers]], [[Rheinberg]], and [[Dinslaken]].<br /> <br /> === Districts ===<br /> Since 1 January 1975, Duisburg has been divided into seven districts or boroughs ([[Stadtbezirk]]) from the north to the south:&lt;ref name=&quot;statistisches1&quot;&gt;{{cite web<br /> |url=http://www.lds.nrw.de/statistik/datenangebot/daten/b/r311dichte.html<br /> |archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20080209015220/http://www.lds.nrw.de/statistik/datenangebot/daten/b/r311dichte.html<br /> |archivedate=2008-02-09<br /> |title=Population statistics |work = Statistisches Landesamt NRW}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Walsum (51,528)<br /> * Hamborn (71,528)<br /> * [[Meiderich]]/Beeck (73,881)<br /> * [[Homberg (Duisburg)|Homberg]]/[[Ruhrort]]/Baerl (41,153)<br /> * Duisburg-Mitte (center) (105,961)<br /> * [[Rheinhausen]] (77,933)<br /> * Duisburg-Süd (73,321)<br /> * Neumühl (17,131)<br /> [[File:Duisburger Wappen am Rathaus Duisburg.JPG|thumb|300px|right|&lt;center&gt;Coat of arms of Duisburg at the town hall in Duisburg.&lt;/center&gt;]]<br /> <br /> === Climate ===<br /> <br /> {{Weather box<br /> |location = Duisburg<br /> |metric first = yes<br /> |single line = yes<br /> |Jan high C = 4<br /> |Feb high C = 5<br /> |Mar high C = 8<br /> |Apr high C = 12<br /> |May high C = 17<br /> |Jun high C = 20<br /> |Jul high C = 22<br /> |Aug high C = 22<br /> |Sep high C = 18<br /> |Oct high C = 14<br /> |Nov high C = 8<br /> |Dec high C = 5<br /> |year high C =<br /> |Jan mean C = 2<br /> |Feb mean C = 3<br /> |Mar mean C = 5<br /> |Apr mean C = 8<br /> |May mean C = 13<br /> |Jun mean C = 16<br /> |Jul mean C = 17<br /> |Aug mean C = 17<br /> |Sep mean C = 14<br /> |Oct mean C = 11<br /> |Nov mean C = 6<br /> |Dec mean C = 3<br /> |year mean C =<br /> |Jan low C = 0<br /> |Feb low C = 0<br /> |Mar low C = 2<br /> |Apr low C = 5<br /> |May low C = 9<br /> |Jun low C = 12<br /> |Jul low C = 13<br /> |Aug low C = 13<br /> |Sep low C = 11<br /> |Oct low C = 8<br /> |Nov low C = 3<br /> |Dec low C = 1<br /> |year low C =<br /> |Jan precipitation mm = 81.3<br /> |Feb precipitation mm = 55.9<br /> |Mar precipitation mm = 76.2<br /> |Apr precipitation mm = 68.6<br /> |May precipitation mm = 73.7<br /> |Jun precipitation mm = 96.5<br /> |Jul precipitation mm = 88.9<br /> |Aug precipitation mm = 76.2<br /> |Sep precipitation mm = 73.7<br /> |Oct precipitation mm = 71.1<br /> |Nov precipitation mm = 83.8<br /> |Dec precipitation mm = 88.9<br /> |year precipitation mm =<br /> |Jan precipitation days =<br /> |Feb precipitation days =<br /> |Mar precipitation days =<br /> |Apr precipitation days =<br /> |May precipitation days =<br /> |Jun precipitation days =<br /> |Jul precipitation days =<br /> |Aug precipitation days =<br /> |Sep precipitation days =<br /> |Oct precipitation days =<br /> |Nov precipitation days =<br /> |Dec precipitation days =<br /> |year precipitation days =<br /> |source 1 = [[weather.com]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web<br /> |url=http://www.weather.com/outlook/travel/businesstraveler/wxclimatology/monthly/GMXX0027<br /> |title=Weather Information for Duisburg<br /> |accessdate=}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |date=January 2011<br /> }}<br /> <br /> == History ==<br /> <br /> A legend recorded by [[Johannes Aventinus]] (fl. 1525) holds that Duisburg, (along with [[Deutz, Cologne]], Duisdorf in [[Bonn]], and [[Doesburg]] in Holland, all on the Rhine's right bank) was built by the namesake [[Tuisto]], mythical progenitor of Germans, ca. 2395&amp;nbsp;BC. There is nothing to establish any historical basis for such an early founding of Duisburg, which would make it among the earliest cities in Europe.<br /> <br /> === Roman period ===<br /> Latest archaeological studies show that the present-day market-place was already in use in the first century. It has been the major central trading place of the city since the 5th century. The city itself was located at the &quot;[[Hellweg]]&quot;, an important medieval [[trade route]], and at a [[Ford (crossing)|ford]] across the River Rhine. The [[Rome|Romans]] already guarded the ford.<br /> * 420 The [[Franks]] usurp the Roman settlement and recolonize the old part of the town.<br /> * 883 The [[Normans]] conquer Duisburg and stay for the winter. First historic document mentioning Duisburg.<br /> <br /> [[File:DuisburgVogelschauplan1566.jpg|thumb|250px|Duisburg Corputius plan 1566]]<br /> <br /> === Middle Ages ===<br /> Due to the town's favourable geographic position a [[Count palatine|palatinate]] was built and the town was soon granted the [[Royal Charter|royal charter]] of a [[Free imperial city|free city]]. Duisburg became a member of the [[Hanseatic League]]. Around 1000 the river Rhine moved westward from the city. This put an end to the city's development as a trading town and it soon grew into a quiet rural city.<br /> The productions of cartographer [[Gerardus Mercator]] and the foundation of a university in 1655 established the city's renown as &quot;Educated Duisburg&quot; (&quot;Duisburgum Doctum&quot;).<br /> * 1120 construction of the [[Defensive wall|city wall]]<br /> * 1279 &quot;city charter&quot; granted by King [[Lothair III, Holy Roman Emperor|Lothar III]]<br /> * 1445 attack by the [[Cologne]] [[Archbishop]] was thwarted<br /> * 1566 [[Johannes Corputius]] completes his [[city map]] of Duisburg.<br /> * 1666 Duisburg within the [[Duchy of Cleves]] becomes a part of [[Brandenburg-Prussia]]<br /> <br /> === Industrial revolution ===<br /> [[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 102-12562, Duisburg, Binnenhafen.jpg|thumb|right|Binnenhafen in 1931]]<br /> The rise of tobacco and textile industries in the 18th century made Duisburg an industrial center. Big industrial companies such as iron and steel producing firms ([[Thyssen AG|Thyssen]] and [[Krupp]]) influenced the development of the city within the Prussian [[Rhine Province]].<br /> Large housing areas near production sites were being built as workers and their families moved in.<br /> * 1823 a district (&quot;Landkreis&quot;) Duisburg is established including the cities of [[Essen]] and [[Mülheim|Mülheim an der Ruhr]].<br /> * 1824 construction of the [[sulfuric acid]] factory Fr. W. [[Curtius]]{{disambiguation needed|date=September 2011}}. Beginning of the industry age in Duisburg.<br /> * 1828 [[Franz Haniel]] builds a dockyard for [[Steamboat|steamships]]<br /> * 1846 [[Cologne–Duisburg railway|railway line to Düsseldorf]]<br /> * 1847 [[Cologne-Minden trunk line|railway line via Dortmund to Minden]]<br /> * 1873 Duisburg becomes an [[independent city]] borough.<br /> * 1904 Birth of the 100,000th resident (Ernst R. Straube)<br /> * 1921 French Infantry occupy the city on [[8 March]] to secure [[War reparations|war reparation]] payments incurred during World War I.<br /> * 1929 The city of Hamborn and Duisburg are joined together. The new city is given the name of Duisburg-Hamborn.<br /> * 1935 Duisburg-Hamborn is renamed Duisburg.<br /> * 1938 (November) The [[Nazi Germany|Nazis]] destroy the city's [[synagogue]].<br /> <br /> === World War II ===<br /> {{Main|Bombing of Duisburg in World War II}}<br /> A major logistical centre in the Ruhr and location of chemical, steel and iron industries, Duisburg was a primary target of [[Allies|Allied]] [[bomber]]s. As such, it is considered by some historians to be the single most heavily bombed German city by the [[Allies]] during [[World War II]], with industrial areas and residential blocks targeted by Allied [[Incendiary device|incendiary bombs]].<br /> <br /> On the night of 12–13 June 1941, British bombers dropped a total of 445 tons of bombs in and around Duisburg. As part of the [[Battle of the Ruhr]], another British raid of 577 bombers destroyed the old city between 12–13 May 1943 with 1,599 tons of bombs. During the [[Strategic bombing|bombing raids]], 96,000 people were made homeless with countless lives lost.<br /> <br /> In 1944 the city was again badly damaged as a total of 2,000 tons of bombs were dropped on 22 May. On 14 October, the tonnage was doubled to 2,018 tons when [[Handley Page Halifax|Halifax]], [[Avro Lancaster|Lancaster]], and [[De Havilland Mosquito|Mosquito]] bombers appeared over Duisburg as part of [[Operation Hurricane (1944)|Operation Hurricane]]. This daylight raid was followed by a night attack; over 24 hours about 9,000 tons of HE and incendiaries had been dropped on Duisburg. Numerous similar attacks followed until the end of 1944.<br /> <br /> The Allied ground advance into Germany reached Duisburg in April 1945. The US [[17th Airborne Division (United States)|17th Airborne Division]], acting as regular infantry and not in a parachute role, met only scattered resistance in the vicinity and captured the city on 12 April 1945.&lt;ref&gt;Stanton, Shelby, ''World War II Order of Battle: An Encyclopedic Reference to U.S. Army Ground Forces from Battalion through Division, 1939-1946'' (Revised Edition, 2006), Stackpole Books, p. 97.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> On 8 May 1945 the [[ADSEC]] Engineer Group A, led by Col. [[Helmer Swenholt]], [[commanding officer]] of the [[332nd Engineer General Service Regiment (United States)|332nd Engineer General Service Regiment]], constructed a [[Duisburg-Hochfeld rail bridge|railway bridge between Duisburg and Rheinhausen]] across the Rhine. This bridge was 860 meters long, and constructed in six days, fifteen hours and twenty minutes, a record time. This Bridge was named the &quot;Victory Bridge&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|author=Jim &amp; Tom Peacock |url=http://www.geocities.com/Pentagon/Bunker/7676/duisberg.html |title=duisberg |publisher=Geocities.com |date= |accessdate=2009-05-05|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.geocities.com/Pentagon/Bunker/7676/duisberg.html&amp;date=2009-10-22+23:41:47|archivedate=2009-10-23}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Post war period ===<br /> A total of 299 bombing raids had almost completely destroyed the historic cityscape. 80% of all residential buildings had been destroyed or partly damaged. Almost the whole of the city had to be rebuilt, and most historic landmarks had been lost.<br /> <br /> [[File:Duisburg-Beeck 05.02.2013 09.JPG|thumb|left|Shrinking Duisburg: Abandoned buildings in the borough of Beeck]]Beginning in the mid-1960s, the decline of Duisburg's steel and mining industry caused a significant loss of residents. While in 1975 approximately 590,000 people were living in Duisburg, the number has shrunk to 518,000 in 1985. <br /> Duisburg celebrated its 1100th anniversary in 1983. The city's population recovered a little in the following years, up to 537,000 in 1992. Since then, it declined down to 488,000 in 2011.<br /> <br /> Duisburg celebrated its 1100th anniversary in 1983. On 19 July 2004, it was hit by a [[tornado]]. The municipal theater and parts of the city center were damaged. The city hosted the 7th [[World Games]] in 2005. In 2010, 21 people died because of a mass panic at the [[Love Parade]]; over 500 people were injured.<br /> <br /> The city hosted the 7th [[World Games]] in 2005.<br /> In 2010, 21 people died because of a mass panic at the [[Love Parade]]; over 500 people were injured.<br /> <br /> === Links to the [[September 11 attacks]] ===<br /> In 2007, evidence surfaced that linked a mosque in the city with the [[Hamburg cell]], and also with ringleader [[Mohammed Atta]]. Also, the police uncovered calendars owned by people who attended the mosque, with the dates April 15th 2001 (the date when many hijackers slipped into the US to finalize preparations for the attacks) inscribed with 'The program begins' and September 11th 2001 inscribed with 'The program ends' in Arabic. Further investigation revealed that [[Guantanamo Bay detention camp|Guantanamo Bay]] inmate Mohamed Ould Slahi was a frequent visitor to the mosque, and had helped Atta recruit conspirators for the attacks. It was also believed that Ould Slahi was present in the city on September 10th discussing the attacks with other unidentified extremists. &lt;ref&gt;http://www.dw.de/alleged-duisburg-link-stirs-debate-on-9-11-anniversary/a-2777019&lt;/ref&gt; This evidence arose at around the same time as news broke of German Islamists being trained in Pakistani terrorist camps. &lt;ref&gt;http://www.dw.de/germany-worried-about-increased-terrorism-threat/a-2702203&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Demographics==<br /> As of 2010, the city had a population of 489,600. Hence, Duisburg has seen a slight decrease in its population since 2006. <br /> <br /> Population structure&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.it.nrw.de/presse/pressemitteilungen/2008/pdf/59_08.pdf |title=Ausländer_2006-2007_Kreise.xls |format=PDF |date= |accessdate=2013-03-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> {{clear right}}<br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot; <br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot;|Ancestry<br /> ! style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot;|Number<br /> ! style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot;|Percentage<br /> |-<br /> ||Germans||328,032||67%<br /> |-<br /> |[[Turkish people|Turks]]||83,232||17%<br /> |-<br /> |former [[Yugoslavia]]ns||18,116 (8,000 [[Serbs]], 4,000 [[Bosnia]]ns, 3,000 [[Croats]], 3,116 others.)||3,7%<br /> |- <br /> |[[Southern Europe]]ans||13,219 (7,000 [[Italians]], 4,000 [[Greeks]], 2,219 others.)|| 2,7%<br /> |-<br /> |[[Eastern Europe]]ans||10,282 (6,000 [[Poles]], 1,800 [[Russians]], 2,482 others.)|| 2,1%<br /> |-<br /> |[[Arabs]]||9,792 (2,500 [[Moroccans]], 2,000 [[Lebanon|Lebanese]], 2,000 [[Iraqis]], 3,292 others.)|| 2%<br /> |-<br /> |[[East Asia]]ns||5,385 (2,000 [[Chinese people|Chinese]], 1,000 [[Thai people|Thai]], 2,385 others.)|| 1,1%<br /> |-<br /> |[[South Asia]]ns||4,869 (1,000 [[Sri Lankans]], 1,000 [[India]]ns, 2,869 others.)|| 1%<br /> |-<br /> | African/[[Afro-Germans]] ||4,800 (1,500 [[Ghana]]ians, 1,000 [[Nigeria]]ns, 2,300 others.)||1%<br /> |-<br /> |others ||11,750||2,4%<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === Turks in Duisburg ===<br /> Duisburg is home to 85,000 people of [[Turkish people|Turkish]] origin.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://50jahre.wir-sind-du.de/?page_id=24 |title=50 Jahre Deutsch-Türkisches Anwerbeabkommen &amp;#124; 50 jähriges Jubiläum zum Anwerbeabkommen der Türkei und der BRD |language={{de icon}} |publisher=50jahre.wir-sind-du.de |date= |accessdate=2013-03-12}}&lt;/ref&gt; Other estimates suggest that the Turkish population is as many as 100,000&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|author=DÜNYA |url=http://www.tgrthaber.com/news_view.aspx?guid=631AD466-3816-439B-AB13-58C0A28DAA88 |title=TGRT Haber &amp;raquo Haberler &amp;raquo Dünya &amp;raquo Almanya'nın en büyük camisine yoğun ilgi |publisher=Tgrthaber.com |date= |accessdate=2013-03-12}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.xtranews.de/2010/11/30/das-ist-volkesstimme-thilo-sarrazin-in-duisburg/ |title=“Das ist Volkesstimme” – Thilo Sarrazin in Duisburg » xtranews - das Newsportal aus Duisburg » antonia-colloni, Duisburg, feindbild-islamkritik, hartmut-krauss-feindbild-islamkritik, Heinz Pletziger, heinz-gess, Horst Wackerbarth, Integration, islam-kritik-besprechungen, islamkritik-feindbild, Karl Janssen, kritiknetz-suddeutsche-hartmut-krauss, Lehmbruck Museum, Migration, raimund-stecker, sarrazin-duisburg, sarrazin-juden, sarrazin-zitate, Thilo Sarrazin |publisher=Xtranews.de |date= |accessdate=2013-03-12}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.on5yirmi5.com/genc/haber.19761/turk-edebiyati-avrupada.html |title=Türk Edebiyatı Avrupa’da |publisher=On5yirmi5.com |date= |accessdate=2013-03-12}}&lt;/ref&gt; The new Merkez Mosque, the largest Muslim [[place of worship]] in a non-Muslim country, was built with help by the way of contribution of 3.2 million euro from the [[European Union|EU]] and the state of North Rhine-Westphalia.&lt;ref&gt;Quantara.de retrieved July 25, 2008&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> [[Nur Fettahoğlu|Asiye Nur Fettahoğlu]] (Turkish pronunciation: [nuɾ ˈfettaˌhoːɫu]), a Turkish-German actress was born in Duisburg on November 12, 1980.<br /> <br /> == Economy and infrastructure ==<br /> <br /> === Transport ===<br /> [[File:Rhine river 3.PNG|thumb|Watershed of the Rhine]]<br /> <br /> ==== Duisburg Port ====<br /> &quot;[[Duisport]]&quot;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.duisport.de/?lang=en/ Duisport]&lt;/ref&gt; is the largest inland [[port]] in the world&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.worldportsource.com/ports/review/DEU_Port_of_Duisburg_1258.php World Port Source - Port of Duisburg]&lt;/ref&gt;. It is officially regarded as a &quot;seaport&quot; because seagoing river vessels go to ports in Europe, Africa and [[Middle East|the Middle East]]. Numerous docks are mostly located at the mouth of [[Ruhr (river)|Ruhr]] river where it joins the [[Rhine]] river.<br /> <br /> Each year more than 40 million tonnes of various goods are handled with more than 20,000 ships calling at the port. The public harbor facilities stretch across an area of 7.4&amp;nbsp;km². There are 21 docks covering an area of 1.8&amp;nbsp;km² and 40&amp;nbsp;km of wharf. The area of the Logport Logistic Center Duisburg stretches across an area of 2.65&amp;nbsp;km². With 2.5 million [[Twenty-foot equivalent unit|TEU]] it is also the largest inland container port based on 2011 figures&lt;ref&gt;[http://http://europe.nxtbook.com/nxteu/informa/ci_top100ports2012/index.php Top 100 Container Ports 2012]&lt;/ref&gt;. A number of companies run their own private docks and 114 million tonnes of goods yearly (2010) are handled in Duisburg in total.<br /> <br /> ==== Roads ====<br /> <br /> Duisburg is served by several [[Autobahn]]s, with 3 East-West routes and 2 North-South routes. [[Bundesautobahn 3|A3]] forms a bypass east of the city and mostly serves through traffic. [[Bundesautobahn 59|A59]] runs parallel to A3 and serves the city from North to South with 14 interchanges, much more than most other cities in the Ruhr area. The [[Bundesautobahn 40|A40]] and [[Bundesautobahn 42|A42]] are two East-West routes that serve central and Northern Duisburg. Autobahn A40 also serves major through traffic from the Netherlands to Berlin and points East. A short spur, [[Bundesautobahn 524|A524]] serves southern Duisburg. Most Autobahns have six lanes or are upgraded to six lanes (A59).<br /> <br /> Apart from the Autobahns, no [[Bundesstraße]]n serve the city directly. [[Bundesstraße 8|B8]] runs through the city, but uses A59's [[Road alignment|alignment]]. [[Bundesstraße 288|B288]] runs in the extreme South of the city, and serves traffic to and from [[Krefeld]]. Several bridges span the [[Rhine]], most prominently the A40 and A42 bridges, but also the L287 [[suspension bridge]] and the L237 [[arch bridge]], a three-lane bridge with 2 lanes per peak direction with dynamic lane usage.<br /> <br /> ==== Public transport ====<br /> [[Duisburg Hauptbahnhof|Duisburg main station]] is serviced by the [[Intercity-Express|InterCityExpress]] and [[InterCity]] long-distance network of the [[Deutsche Bahn]], in addition line {{S-Bahn-NRW|1}} and {{S-Bahn-NRW|2}} of the [[Rhein-Ruhr S-Bahn|S-Bahn]] line connect Duisburg with other cities of the [[Rhine-Ruhr]] area.<br /> <br /> A [[Stadtbahn]] [[light rail]] and a bus system, both operated by the [[Duisburger Verkehrsgesellschaft]] provide local services. Stadtbahn line U79, the so-called [[D-Bahn]], is a connection to the neighbouring city of [[Düsseldorf]] and is operated jointly with the [[Rheinbahn]] of Düsseldorf. All S-Bahn, Stadtbahn and bus lines operate under the umbrella of the [[Verkehrsverbund Rhein-Ruhr]]<br /> <br /> === Media ===<br /> There are several newspapers reporting on local events and politics, including the &quot;[[Westdeutsche Allgemeine Zeitung|Westdeutsche Allgemeine]]&quot; (WAZ), the &quot;Neue Ruhr Zeitung&quot; (NRZ) and the &quot;[[Rheinische Post]]&quot; (RP).<br /> The local [[Radio broadcasting|radio station]] &quot;Radio Duisburg&quot; was the first local radio broadcaster in the [[States of Germany|German state]] of North Rhine-Westphalia. It started broadcasting in 1990.<br /> There is a local [[television station]] (&quot;STUDIO 47&quot;), which was the first local station to broadcast in [[North Rhine-Westphalia]]. It started broadcasting in 2006.<br /> In its Duisburg studios the [[Westdeutscher Rundfunk|WDR]] produces a local programme for the city of Duisburg and the [[Lower Rhine]] region north of Düsseldorf. WDR is part of the German television and [[radio network]] [[ARD (broadcaster)|ARD]].<br /> <br /> == Culture ==<br /> <br /> Duisburg hosts a comprehensive range of cultural facilities and events. A highlight is the annual &quot;Duisburger Akzente&quot; [http://www.duisburger-akzente.de/], a festival focusing on modern social, political and cultural topics.<br /> [[File:Landschaftspark Duisburg-Nord bei Nacht - Gesamt.jpg|thumb|250px|Landschaftspark at night]]<br /> Besides [[Düsseldorf]] Duisburg is a residence of the [[Deutsche Oper am Rhein]], one of the major [[opera house]]s in Germany. The [[Duisburg Philharmonic|Duisburg Philharmonic Orchestra]] is one of Germany's orchestras with an international reputation.<br /> <br /> Thanks to its history as a harbor city and a trade and industrial center Duisburg offers a variety of architectural places of interest, such as the [[German Inland Waterways Museum]]. The spectrum goes from old churches such as &quot;St Johann Baptist&quot; in Duisburg-Hamborn, which was built in 900, to [[Modern era|modern age]] buildings like Micro-Electronic-Centrum in Duisburg-Neudorf, built in 1995.<br /> Another subject of interest is the [[Landschaftspark Duisburg-Nord]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.landschaftspark.de/en/home/index.php |title=Duisburg-Nord Landscape Park |publisher=Landschaftspark.de |date=2009-04-23 |accessdate=2009-05-05}}&lt;/ref&gt; an abandoned industrial complex open to the public and an Anchor Point of ERIH, The [[European Route of Industrial Heritage]].<br /> The city center locates the [[Wilhelm Lehmbruck]] Museum,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|author=Cynapsis Kommunikationsagentur GmbH in Münster |url=http://lehmbruck.cynapsis.com/?part=en |title=Cynapsis - Die Kommunikations-Agentur in Münster |publisher=Lehmbruck.cynapsis.com |date= |accessdate=2009-05-05}}&lt;/ref&gt; the municipal theatre [http://www.theater-duisburg.de/] and the shopping street known as &quot;fountain mile&quot;.<br /> <br /> The city also contains two [[botanical garden]]s, the [[Botanischer Garten Duisburg-Hamborn]] and the [[Botanischer Garten Kaiserberg]], as well as a number of municipal parks.<br /> <br /> On 24 July 2010, 21 people were killed and hundreds injured in the city during the [[Love Parade]], an electronic music procession and party.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url= http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/world/la-fg-germany-love-parade-20100725,0,2079922.story|title=Love Parade stampede in Germany kills at least 18 - latimes.com|work=latimes.com|accessdate=25 July 2010|first=Kate|last=Connolly|date=25 July 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Sport ==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Club||Sport||League||Venue<br /> |-<br /> |[[MSV Duisburg]]||[[Association football|Football]]||[[Fußball-Bundesliga|2nd Bundesliga]]||[[MSV-Arena|MSV Arena]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[EV Duisburg Die Füchse|EV Duisburg]]||[[Ice hockey]]||[[Regionalliga West (4th District League)]]||[[Scania Arena]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[FCR 2001 Duisburg]]||[[Women's association football around the world|Women's football]]||[[Fußball-Bundesliga (women)|Bundesliga 1st German League]]||[[PCC-Stadion]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[Duisburg Dockers]]||[[Baseball]], [[American football]]||[[Landesliga II (2nd District League)]]||[[Schwelgernstadion]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[Amateur-Schwimm-Club Duisburg|Amateur SC Duisburg]]||[[Water polo]]|| [[Deutsche Wasserball-Liga (1st Water Polo League)]]||[[Schwimmstadion and club pool]]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> Duisburg is involved in many kinds of [[sport]]s. Nevertheless, most important for its inhabitants is the local [[Association football|football]] club [[MSV Duisburg]]. Recently, with the new MSV Arena the city received a brand new sports stadium for various kinds of sports such as football and American football.<br /> During the summer months of 2005 the [[World Games 2005|World Games]] took place in Duisburg. During the [[2006 FIFA World Cup]], Duisburg was the stage for preparation of the [[Portugal|Portuguese]] team and the residence of the [[Italy|Italian]] [[football team]], who won the cup in the final match against [[France]].<br /> Duisburg is also known for its [[Rhein-Ruhr-Marathon]], its [[Rowing (sport)|rowing]] and [[canoeing]] [[regatta]]s and the world championships that take place there regularly. Other popular sports are [[Ice hockey|icehockey]], [[baseball]], [[American football]], [[water polo]] and [[hockey]].<br /> <br /> == International relations ==<br /> {{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Germany}}<br /> <br /> === Twin towns – Sister cities ===<br /> Duisburg is [[town twinning|twinned]] with:&lt;ref name=&quot;Duisburg&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.duisburg.de/micro/english/introducing/102010100000187829.php|title=Cities Twinned with Duisburg|publisher=www.duisburg.de|accessdate=2009-05-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;RuhrTwins2010&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.twins2010.com/fileadmin/user_upload/pic/Dokumente/List_of_Twin_Towns_01.pdf?PHPSESSID=2edd34819db21e450d3bb625549ce4fd|title=List of Twin Towns in the Ruhr District|publisher= © 2009 [http://www.twins2010.com/index.php?id=home&amp;L=1 Twins2010.com]|accessdate=2009-10-28}} {{Dead link|date=April 2012|bot=H3llBot}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> {| cellpadding=&quot;10&quot;<br /> |- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;<br /> |<br /> *{{flagicon|UK}} [[Portsmouth]], [[Hampshire]], [[United Kingdom]] &lt;small&gt;(since 1950)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Duisburg&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;RuhrTwins2010&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Portsmouth City Council. ''[http://www.portsmouth.gov.uk/yourcouncil/1396.html Twinning]''. Retrieved 22 August 2007.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|author=Brian Daugherty |url=http://portsmouth-duisburg.tripod.com/ |title=Portsmouth Duisburg Anglo-German Friends |publisher=Portsmouth-duisburg.tripod.com |date= |accessdate=2011-04-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.portsmouthfreunde.de/ |title=Duisburger Portsmouthfreunde |publisher=Portsmouthfreunde.de |date= |accessdate=2011-04-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *{{flagicon|France}} [[Calais]], [[Nord-Pas de Calais|Nord]], [[France]] &lt;small&gt;(since 1964)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Duisburg&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;RuhrTwins2010&quot;/&gt;<br /> *{{flagicon|Togo}} [[Lomé]], [[Togo]] &lt;small&gt;(since 1973)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Duisburg&quot;/&gt;<br /> ||<br /> *{{flagicon|PRC}} [[Wuhan]], [[Hubei]], [[People's Republic of China]] &lt;small&gt;(since 1982)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Duisburg&quot;/&gt;<br /> *{{flagicon|Lithuania}} [[Vilnius]], [[Lithuania]] &lt;small&gt;(since 1985)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Duisburg&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;RuhrTwins2010&quot;/&gt;<br /> *{{flagicon|Turkey}} [[Gaziantep]], [[Turkey]] &lt;small&gt;(since 2005)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Duisburg&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;RuhrTwins2010&quot;/&gt;<br /> ||<br /> *{{flagicon|Russia}} [[Perm]], [[Perm Krai]], [[Russia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;RuhrTwins2010&quot;/&gt;<br /> *{{flagicon|Honduras}} [[San Pedro Sula]], [[Honduras]]<br /> *{{flagicon|USA}} [[Fort Lauderdale, Florida|Fort Lauderdale]], [[Florida]], [[United States]]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> {{Commons|Duisburg}}<br /> * [http://www.duisburg.de/micro/english/index.php Official Website of the City (in English)]<br /> * [http://www.uni-duisburg-essen.de/ University of Duisburg-Essen (in German)]<br /> * [http://www.uni-due.de/en/index.php University of Duisburg-Essen]<br /> * [http://www.duisburg-tourism.com/en/ Duisburg Tourist Information]<br /> * [http://www.zoo-infos.de/zoos-en/96.html Duisburg Zoo at Zoo-Infos.de (in English)]<br /> * [http://www.worldgames2005.de/en/ World Games 2005 Duisburg]<br /> <br /> {{Hanseatic League}}<br /> {{Cities in Germany}}<br /> {{Germany districts north rhine-westphalia}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:World War II strategic bombing]]<br /> [[Category:Duisburg| ]]<br /> [[Category:Cities in North Rhine-Westphalia]]<br /> [[Category:Populated places on the Rhine]]<br /> [[Category:Port cities and towns in Germany]]<br /> [[Category:Members of the Hanseatic League]]<br /> [[Category:Imperial free cities]]<br /> [[Category:Turkish communities in Germany]]</div> Tulumino https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Duisburg&diff=559232336 Duisburg 2013-06-10T14:05:01Z <p>Tulumino: /* Transport */ updated</p> <hr /> <div>{{for|the village in Belgium|Duisburg (Tervuren)}}<br /> {{Infobox German Location<br /> |Name = Duisburg<br /> |Art = CITY<br /> |image_photo = Innenhafen Duisburg.jpg<br /> |image_caption = [[Duisburg Inner Harbor]]<br /> |Wappen =DEU_Duisburg_COA.svg<br /> |image_flag = Flagge der Stadt Duisburg mit Wappen.svg<br /> |lat_deg = 51 | lat_min = 26 | lat_sec = 6.53<br /> |lon_deg = 6 | lon_min = 45 | lon_sec = 45.69<br /> |Lageplan = North rhine w DU.svg<br /> |Bundesland = NRW<br /> |Regierungsbezirk = Düsseldorf<br /> |Landkreis = urban<br /> |Höhe = 31<br /> |Fläche = 232.82<br /> |Einwohner = 488005<br /> |Stand = 2011-12-31<br /> |pop_ref =<br /> |PLZ = 47001–47279<br /> |Vorwahl = 0203<br /> |Kfz = DU<br /> |Gemeindeschlüssel = 05 1 12 000<br /> |LOCODE = DU DUI<br /> |Gliederung = 7 boroughs, 46 suburbs<br /> |Website = [http://www.duisburg.de/ www.duisburg.de]<br /> |Bürgermeister = Sören Link<br /> |Bürgermeistertitel = Oberbürgermeister<br /> |Partei = SPD<br /> |ruling_party1 = SPD |ruling_party2 = Greens |ruling_party3 = The Left<br /> }}<br /> '''Duisburg''' ({{IPA-de|ˈdyːsbʊɐ̯k|lang|De-Duisburg.ogg}}) is a [[Germany|German]] city in the western part of the [[Ruhr Area]] (''Ruhrgebiet'') in [[North Rhine-Westphalia]]. It is an independent metropolitan borough within [[Düsseldorf (region)|Regierungsbezirk Düsseldorf]]. With the world's biggest [[Inland port|inland harbour]]{{citation needed|date=May 2012}} and its proximity to [[Düsseldorf International Airport]], Duisburg has become an important venue for commerce and steel production.<br /> <br /> Today's city is a result of numerous incorporations of surrounding towns and smaller cities. It is the fifteenth-largest city in Germany and the fifth-largest city in [[North Rhine-Westphalia]] with 488,218 residents as of the end of 2010. The city is renowned for its [[Steel|steel industry]]. The last remaining [[Coal mining|coal mine]] closed down in the summer of 2009, but Duisburg has never been a coal-mining center to the same extent as other places in the Ruhr region. All [[blast furnace]]s in the Ruhr are now located in Duisburg. 49% of all hot metal and 34.4% of all [[Pig iron|pig-iron]] in Germany is produced here (as of 2000). It also has a large brewery, the [[König Brauerei]], located in Duisburg-Beeck, which makes the König Pilsener brand. The [[University of Duisburg-Essen]], with 37,000 students, ranks among the 10 largest German universities.<br /> <br /> == Geography ==<br /> Duisburg is located in the Lowland Rhine area at the confluence of the [[Rhine]] and [[Ruhr (river)|Ruhr]] and near the outskirts of the [[Bergisches Land]]. The city spreads along both sides of these rivers.<br /> <br /> === Adjacent cities ===<br /> The following [[city|cities]] border Duisburg (clockwise starting from north-east):<br /> [[Oberhausen]], [[Mülheim|Mülheim an der Ruhr]], [[Ratingen]], [[Düsseldorf]], [[Meerbusch]], [[Krefeld]], [[Moers]], [[Rheinberg]], and [[Dinslaken]].<br /> <br /> === Districts ===<br /> Since 1 January 1975, Duisburg has been divided into seven districts or boroughs ([[Stadtbezirk]]) from the north to the south:&lt;ref name=&quot;statistisches1&quot;&gt;{{cite web<br /> |url=http://www.lds.nrw.de/statistik/datenangebot/daten/b/r311dichte.html<br /> |archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20080209015220/http://www.lds.nrw.de/statistik/datenangebot/daten/b/r311dichte.html<br /> |archivedate=2008-02-09<br /> |title=Population statistics |work = Statistisches Landesamt NRW}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Walsum (51,528)<br /> * Hamborn (71,528)<br /> * [[Meiderich]]/Beeck (73,881)<br /> * [[Homberg (Duisburg)|Homberg]]/[[Ruhrort]]/Baerl (41,153)<br /> * Duisburg-Mitte (center) (105,961)<br /> * [[Rheinhausen]] (77,933)<br /> * Duisburg-Süd (73,321)<br /> * Neumühl (17,131)<br /> [[File:Duisburger Wappen am Rathaus Duisburg.JPG|thumb|300px|right|&lt;center&gt;Coat of arms of Duisburg at the town hall in Duisburg.&lt;/center&gt;]]<br /> <br /> === Climate ===<br /> <br /> {{Weather box<br /> |location = Duisburg<br /> |metric first = yes<br /> |single line = yes<br /> |Jan high C = 4<br /> |Feb high C = 5<br /> |Mar high C = 8<br /> |Apr high C = 12<br /> |May high C = 17<br /> |Jun high C = 20<br /> |Jul high C = 22<br /> |Aug high C = 22<br /> |Sep high C = 18<br /> |Oct high C = 14<br /> |Nov high C = 8<br /> |Dec high C = 5<br /> |year high C =<br /> |Jan mean C = 2<br /> |Feb mean C = 3<br /> |Mar mean C = 5<br /> |Apr mean C = 8<br /> |May mean C = 13<br /> |Jun mean C = 16<br /> |Jul mean C = 17<br /> |Aug mean C = 17<br /> |Sep mean C = 14<br /> |Oct mean C = 11<br /> |Nov mean C = 6<br /> |Dec mean C = 3<br /> |year mean C =<br /> |Jan low C = 0<br /> |Feb low C = 0<br /> |Mar low C = 2<br /> |Apr low C = 5<br /> |May low C = 9<br /> |Jun low C = 12<br /> |Jul low C = 13<br /> |Aug low C = 13<br /> |Sep low C = 11<br /> |Oct low C = 8<br /> |Nov low C = 3<br /> |Dec low C = 1<br /> |year low C =<br /> |Jan precipitation mm = 81.3<br /> |Feb precipitation mm = 55.9<br /> |Mar precipitation mm = 76.2<br /> |Apr precipitation mm = 68.6<br /> |May precipitation mm = 73.7<br /> |Jun precipitation mm = 96.5<br /> |Jul precipitation mm = 88.9<br /> |Aug precipitation mm = 76.2<br /> |Sep precipitation mm = 73.7<br /> |Oct precipitation mm = 71.1<br /> |Nov precipitation mm = 83.8<br /> |Dec precipitation mm = 88.9<br /> |year precipitation mm =<br /> |Jan precipitation days =<br /> |Feb precipitation days =<br /> |Mar precipitation days =<br /> |Apr precipitation days =<br /> |May precipitation days =<br /> |Jun precipitation days =<br /> |Jul precipitation days =<br /> |Aug precipitation days =<br /> |Sep precipitation days =<br /> |Oct precipitation days =<br /> |Nov precipitation days =<br /> |Dec precipitation days =<br /> |year precipitation days =<br /> |source 1 = [[weather.com]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web<br /> |url=http://www.weather.com/outlook/travel/businesstraveler/wxclimatology/monthly/GMXX0027<br /> |title=Weather Information for Duisburg<br /> |accessdate=}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |date=January 2011<br /> }}<br /> <br /> == History ==<br /> <br /> A legend recorded by [[Johannes Aventinus]] (fl. 1525) holds that Duisburg, (along with [[Deutz, Cologne]], Duisdorf in [[Bonn]], and [[Doesburg]] in Holland, all on the Rhine's right bank) was built by the namesake [[Tuisto]], mythical progenitor of Germans, ca. 2395&amp;nbsp;BC. There is nothing to establish any historical basis for such an early founding of Duisburg, which would make it among the earliest cities in Europe.<br /> <br /> === Roman period ===<br /> Latest archaeological studies show that the present-day market-place was already in use in the first century. It has been the major central trading place of the city since the 5th century. The city itself was located at the &quot;[[Hellweg]]&quot;, an important medieval [[trade route]], and at a [[Ford (crossing)|ford]] across the River Rhine. The [[Rome|Romans]] already guarded the ford.<br /> * 420 The [[Franks]] usurp the Roman settlement and recolonize the old part of the town.<br /> * 883 The [[Normans]] conquer Duisburg and stay for the winter. First historic document mentioning Duisburg.<br /> <br /> [[File:DuisburgVogelschauplan1566.jpg|thumb|250px|Duisburg Corputius plan 1566]]<br /> <br /> === Middle Ages ===<br /> Due to the town's favourable geographic position a [[Count palatine|palatinate]] was built and the town was soon granted the [[Royal Charter|royal charter]] of a [[Free imperial city|free city]]. Duisburg became a member of the [[Hanseatic League]]. Around 1000 the river Rhine moved westward from the city. This put an end to the city's development as a trading town and it soon grew into a quiet rural city.<br /> The productions of cartographer [[Gerardus Mercator]] and the foundation of a university in 1655 established the city's renown as &quot;Educated Duisburg&quot; (&quot;Duisburgum Doctum&quot;).<br /> * 1120 construction of the [[Defensive wall|city wall]]<br /> * 1279 &quot;city charter&quot; granted by King [[Lothair III, Holy Roman Emperor|Lothar III]]<br /> * 1445 attack by the [[Cologne]] [[Archbishop]] was thwarted<br /> * 1566 [[Johannes Corputius]] completes his [[city map]] of Duisburg.<br /> * 1666 Duisburg within the [[Duchy of Cleves]] becomes a part of [[Brandenburg-Prussia]]<br /> <br /> === Industrial revolution ===<br /> [[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 102-12562, Duisburg, Binnenhafen.jpg|thumb|right|Binnenhafen in 1931]]<br /> The rise of tobacco and textile industries in the 18th century made Duisburg an industrial center. Big industrial companies such as iron and steel producing firms ([[Thyssen AG|Thyssen]] and [[Krupp]]) influenced the development of the city within the Prussian [[Rhine Province]].<br /> Large housing areas near production sites were being built as workers and their families moved in.<br /> * 1823 a district (&quot;Landkreis&quot;) Duisburg is established including the cities of [[Essen]] and [[Mülheim|Mülheim an der Ruhr]].<br /> * 1824 construction of the [[sulfuric acid]] factory Fr. W. [[Curtius]]{{disambiguation needed|date=September 2011}}. Beginning of the industry age in Duisburg.<br /> * 1828 [[Franz Haniel]] builds a dockyard for [[Steamboat|steamships]]<br /> * 1846 [[Cologne–Duisburg railway|railway line to Düsseldorf]]<br /> * 1847 [[Cologne-Minden trunk line|railway line via Dortmund to Minden]]<br /> * 1873 Duisburg becomes an [[independent city]] borough.<br /> * 1904 Birth of the 100,000th resident (Ernst R. Straube)<br /> * 1921 French Infantry occupy the city on [[8 March]] to secure [[War reparations|war reparation]] payments incurred during World War I.<br /> * 1929 The city of Hamborn and Duisburg are joined together. The new city is given the name of Duisburg-Hamborn.<br /> * 1935 Duisburg-Hamborn is renamed Duisburg.<br /> * 1938 (November) The [[Nazi Germany|Nazis]] destroy the city's [[synagogue]].<br /> <br /> === World War II ===<br /> {{Main|Bombing of Duisburg in World War II}}<br /> A major logistical centre in the Ruhr and location of chemical, steel and iron industries, Duisburg was a primary target of [[Allies|Allied]] [[bomber]]s. As such, it is considered by some historians to be the single most heavily bombed German city by the [[Allies]] during [[World War II]], with industrial areas and residential blocks targeted by Allied [[Incendiary device|incendiary bombs]].<br /> <br /> On the night of 12–13 June 1941, British bombers dropped a total of 445 tons of bombs in and around Duisburg. As part of the [[Battle of the Ruhr]], another British raid of 577 bombers destroyed the old city between 12–13 May 1943 with 1,599 tons of bombs. During the [[Strategic bombing|bombing raids]], 96,000 people were made homeless with countless lives lost.<br /> <br /> In 1944 the city was again badly damaged as a total of 2,000 tons of bombs were dropped on 22 May. On 14 October, the tonnage was doubled to 2,018 tons when [[Handley Page Halifax|Halifax]], [[Avro Lancaster|Lancaster]], and [[De Havilland Mosquito|Mosquito]] bombers appeared over Duisburg as part of [[Operation Hurricane (1944)|Operation Hurricane]]. This daylight raid was followed by a night attack; over 24 hours about 9,000 tons of HE and incendiaries had been dropped on Duisburg. Numerous similar attacks followed until the end of 1944.<br /> <br /> The Allied ground advance into Germany reached Duisburg in April 1945. The US [[17th Airborne Division (United States)|17th Airborne Division]], acting as regular infantry and not in a parachute role, met only scattered resistance in the vicinity and captured the city on 12 April 1945.&lt;ref&gt;Stanton, Shelby, ''World War II Order of Battle: An Encyclopedic Reference to U.S. Army Ground Forces from Battalion through Division, 1939-1946'' (Revised Edition, 2006), Stackpole Books, p. 97.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> On 8 May 1945 the [[ADSEC]] Engineer Group A, led by Col. [[Helmer Swenholt]], [[commanding officer]] of the [[332nd Engineer General Service Regiment (United States)|332nd Engineer General Service Regiment]], constructed a [[Duisburg-Hochfeld rail bridge|railway bridge between Duisburg and Rheinhausen]] across the Rhine. This bridge was 860 meters long, and constructed in six days, fifteen hours and twenty minutes, a record time. This Bridge was named the &quot;Victory Bridge&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|author=Jim &amp; Tom Peacock |url=http://www.geocities.com/Pentagon/Bunker/7676/duisberg.html |title=duisberg |publisher=Geocities.com |date= |accessdate=2009-05-05|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.geocities.com/Pentagon/Bunker/7676/duisberg.html&amp;date=2009-10-22+23:41:47|archivedate=2009-10-23}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === Post war period ===<br /> A total of 299 bombing raids had almost completely destroyed the historic cityscape. 80% of all residential buildings had been destroyed or partly damaged. Almost the whole of the city had to be rebuilt, and most historic landmarks had been lost.<br /> <br /> [[File:Duisburg-Beeck 05.02.2013 09.JPG|thumb|left|Shrinking Duisburg: Abandoned buildings in the borough of Beeck]]Beginning in the mid-1960s, the decline of Duisburg's steel and mining industry caused a significant loss of residents. While in 1975 approximately 590,000 people were living in Duisburg, the number has shrunk to 518,000 in 1985. <br /> Duisburg celebrated its 1100th anniversary in 1983. The city's population recovered a little in the following years, up to 537,000 in 1992. Since then, it declined down to 488,000 in 2011.<br /> <br /> Duisburg celebrated its 1100th anniversary in 1983. On 19 July 2004, it was hit by a [[tornado]]. The municipal theater and parts of the city center were damaged. The city hosted the 7th [[World Games]] in 2005. In 2010, 21 people died because of a mass panic at the [[Love Parade]]; over 500 people were injured.<br /> <br /> The city hosted the 7th [[World Games]] in 2005.<br /> In 2010, 21 people died because of a mass panic at the [[Love Parade]]; over 500 people were injured.<br /> <br /> === Links to the [[September 11 attacks]] ===<br /> In 2007, evidence surfaced that linked a mosque in the city with the [[Hamburg cell]], and also with ringleader [[Mohammed Atta]]. Also, the police uncovered calendars owned by people who attended the mosque, with the dates April 15th 2001 (the date when many hijackers slipped into the US to finalize preparations for the attacks) inscribed with 'The program begins' and September 11th 2001 inscribed with 'The program ends' in Arabic. Further investigation revealed that [[Guantanamo Bay detention camp|Guantanamo Bay]] inmate Mohamed Ould Slahi was a frequent visitor to the mosque, and had helped Atta recruit conspirators for the attacks. It was also believed that Ould Slahi was present in the city on September 10th discussing the attacks with other unidentified extremists. &lt;ref&gt;http://www.dw.de/alleged-duisburg-link-stirs-debate-on-9-11-anniversary/a-2777019&lt;/ref&gt; This evidence arose at around the same time as news broke of German Islamists being trained in Pakistani terrorist camps. &lt;ref&gt;http://www.dw.de/germany-worried-about-increased-terrorism-threat/a-2702203&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Demographics==<br /> As of 2010, the city had a population of 489,600. Hence, Duisburg has seen a slight decrease in its population since 2006. <br /> <br /> Population structure&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.it.nrw.de/presse/pressemitteilungen/2008/pdf/59_08.pdf |title=Ausländer_2006-2007_Kreise.xls |format=PDF |date= |accessdate=2013-03-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> {{clear right}}<br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot; <br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot;|Ancestry<br /> ! style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot;|Number<br /> ! style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot;|Percentage<br /> |-<br /> ||Germans||328,032||67%<br /> |-<br /> |[[Turkish people|Turks]]||83,232||17%<br /> |-<br /> |former [[Yugoslavia]]ns||18,116 (8,000 [[Serbs]], 4,000 [[Bosnia]]ns, 3,000 [[Croats]], 3,116 others.)||3,7%<br /> |- <br /> |[[Southern Europe]]ans||13,219 (7,000 [[Italians]], 4,000 [[Greeks]], 2,219 others.)|| 2,7%<br /> |-<br /> |[[Eastern Europe]]ans||10,282 (6,000 [[Poles]], 1,800 [[Russians]], 2,482 others.)|| 2,1%<br /> |-<br /> |[[Arabs]]||9,792 (2,500 [[Moroccans]], 2,000 [[Lebanon|Lebanese]], 2,000 [[Iraqis]], 3,292 others.)|| 2%<br /> |-<br /> |[[East Asia]]ns||5,385 (2,000 [[Chinese people|Chinese]], 1,000 [[Thai people|Thai]], 2,385 others.)|| 1,1%<br /> |-<br /> |[[South Asia]]ns||4,869 (1,000 [[Sri Lankans]], 1,000 [[India]]ns, 2,869 others.)|| 1%<br /> |-<br /> | African/[[Afro-Germans]] ||4,800 (1,500 [[Ghana]]ians, 1,000 [[Nigeria]]ns, 2,300 others.)||1%<br /> |-<br /> |others ||11,750||2,4%<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === Turks in Duisburg ===<br /> Duisburg is home to 85,000 people of [[Turkish people|Turkish]] origin.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://50jahre.wir-sind-du.de/?page_id=24 |title=50 Jahre Deutsch-Türkisches Anwerbeabkommen &amp;#124; 50 jähriges Jubiläum zum Anwerbeabkommen der Türkei und der BRD |language={{de icon}} |publisher=50jahre.wir-sind-du.de |date= |accessdate=2013-03-12}}&lt;/ref&gt; Other estimates suggest that the Turkish population is as many as 100,000&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|author=DÜNYA |url=http://www.tgrthaber.com/news_view.aspx?guid=631AD466-3816-439B-AB13-58C0A28DAA88 |title=TGRT Haber &amp;raquo Haberler &amp;raquo Dünya &amp;raquo Almanya'nın en büyük camisine yoğun ilgi |publisher=Tgrthaber.com |date= |accessdate=2013-03-12}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.xtranews.de/2010/11/30/das-ist-volkesstimme-thilo-sarrazin-in-duisburg/ |title=“Das ist Volkesstimme” – Thilo Sarrazin in Duisburg » xtranews - das Newsportal aus Duisburg » antonia-colloni, Duisburg, feindbild-islamkritik, hartmut-krauss-feindbild-islamkritik, Heinz Pletziger, heinz-gess, Horst Wackerbarth, Integration, islam-kritik-besprechungen, islamkritik-feindbild, Karl Janssen, kritiknetz-suddeutsche-hartmut-krauss, Lehmbruck Museum, Migration, raimund-stecker, sarrazin-duisburg, sarrazin-juden, sarrazin-zitate, Thilo Sarrazin |publisher=Xtranews.de |date= |accessdate=2013-03-12}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.on5yirmi5.com/genc/haber.19761/turk-edebiyati-avrupada.html |title=Türk Edebiyatı Avrupa’da |publisher=On5yirmi5.com |date= |accessdate=2013-03-12}}&lt;/ref&gt; The new Merkez Mosque, the largest Muslim [[place of worship]] in a non-Muslim country, was built with help by the way of contribution of 3.2 million euro from the [[European Union|EU]] and the state of North Rhine-Westphalia.&lt;ref&gt;Quantara.de retrieved July 25, 2008&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> [[Nur Fettahoğlu|Asiye Nur Fettahoğlu]] (Turkish pronunciation: [nuɾ ˈfettaˌhoːɫu]), a Turkish-German actress was born in Duisburg on November 12, 1980.<br /> <br /> == Economy and infrastructure ==<br /> <br /> === Transport ===<br /> [[File:Rhine river 3.PNG|thumb|Watershed of the Rhine]]<br /> <br /> ==== Duisburg Port ====<br /> &quot;[[Duisport]]&quot;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.duisport.de/?lang=en/ Duisport]&lt;/ref&gt; is the largest inland [[port]] in the world&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.worldportsource.com/ports/review/DEU_Port_of_Duisburg_1258.php World Port Source - Port of Source&lt;/ref&gt;. It is officially regarded as a &quot;seaport&quot; because seagoing river vessels go to ports in Europe, Africa and [[Middle East|the Middle East]]. Numerous docks are mostly located at the mouth of [[Ruhr (river)|Ruhr]] river where it joins the [[Rhine]] river.<br /> <br /> Each year more than 40 million tonnes of various goods are handled with more than 20,000 ships calling at the port. The public harbor facilities stretch across an area of 7.4&amp;nbsp;km². There are 21 docks covering an area of 1.8&amp;nbsp;km² and 40&amp;nbsp;km of wharf. The area of the Logport Logistic Center Duisburg stretches across an area of 2.65&amp;nbsp;km². With 2.5 million [[Twenty-foot equivalent unit|TEU]] it is also the largest inland container port based on 2011 figures&lt;ref&gt;[http://http://europe.nxtbook.com/nxteu/informa/ci_top100ports2012/index.php Top 100 Container Ports 2012]&lt;/ref&gt;. A number of companies run their own private docks and 114 million tonnes of goods yearly (2010) are handled in Duisburg in total.<br /> <br /> ==== Roads ====<br /> <br /> Duisburg is served by several [[Autobahn]]s, with 3 East-West routes and 2 North-South routes. [[Bundesautobahn 3|A3]] forms a bypass east of the city and mostly serves through traffic. [[Bundesautobahn 59|A59]] runs parallel to A3 and serves the city from North to South with 14 interchanges, much more than most other cities in the Ruhr area. The [[Bundesautobahn 40|A40]] and [[Bundesautobahn 42|A42]] are two East-West routes that serve central and Northern Duisburg. Autobahn A40 also serves major through traffic from the Netherlands to Berlin and points East. A short spur, [[Bundesautobahn 524|A524]] serves southern Duisburg. Most Autobahns have six lanes or are upgraded to six lanes (A59).<br /> <br /> Apart from the Autobahns, no [[Bundesstraße]]n serve the city directly. [[Bundesstraße 8|B8]] runs through the city, but uses A59's [[Road alignment|alignment]]. [[Bundesstraße 288|B288]] runs in the extreme South of the city, and serves traffic to and from [[Krefeld]]. Several bridges span the [[Rhine]], most prominently the A40 and A42 bridges, but also the L287 [[suspension bridge]] and the L237 [[arch bridge]], a three-lane bridge with 2 lanes per peak direction with dynamic lane usage.<br /> <br /> ==== Public transport ====<br /> [[Duisburg Hauptbahnhof|Duisburg main station]] is serviced by the [[Intercity-Express|InterCityExpress]] and [[InterCity]] long-distance network of the [[Deutsche Bahn]], in addition line {{S-Bahn-NRW|1}} and {{S-Bahn-NRW|2}} of the [[Rhein-Ruhr S-Bahn|S-Bahn]] line connect Duisburg with other cities of the [[Rhine-Ruhr]] area.<br /> <br /> A [[Stadtbahn]] [[light rail]] and a bus system, both operated by the [[Duisburger Verkehrsgesellschaft]] provide local services. Stadtbahn line U79, the so-called [[D-Bahn]], is a connection to the neighbouring city of [[Düsseldorf]] and is operated jointly with the [[Rheinbahn]] of Düsseldorf. All S-Bahn, Stadtbahn and bus lines operate under the umbrella of the [[Verkehrsverbund Rhein-Ruhr]]<br /> <br /> === Media ===<br /> There are several newspapers reporting on local events and politics, including the &quot;[[Westdeutsche Allgemeine Zeitung|Westdeutsche Allgemeine]]&quot; (WAZ), the &quot;Neue Ruhr Zeitung&quot; (NRZ) and the &quot;[[Rheinische Post]]&quot; (RP).<br /> The local [[Radio broadcasting|radio station]] &quot;Radio Duisburg&quot; was the first local radio broadcaster in the [[States of Germany|German state]] of North Rhine-Westphalia. It started broadcasting in 1990.<br /> There is a local [[television station]] (&quot;STUDIO 47&quot;), which was the first local station to broadcast in [[North Rhine-Westphalia]]. It started broadcasting in 2006.<br /> In its Duisburg studios the [[Westdeutscher Rundfunk|WDR]] produces a local programme for the city of Duisburg and the [[Lower Rhine]] region north of Düsseldorf. WDR is part of the German television and [[radio network]] [[ARD (broadcaster)|ARD]].<br /> <br /> == Culture ==<br /> <br /> Duisburg hosts a comprehensive range of cultural facilities and events. A highlight is the annual &quot;Duisburger Akzente&quot; [http://www.duisburger-akzente.de/], a festival focusing on modern social, political and cultural topics.<br /> [[File:Landschaftspark Duisburg-Nord bei Nacht - Gesamt.jpg|thumb|250px|Landschaftspark at night]]<br /> Besides [[Düsseldorf]] Duisburg is a residence of the [[Deutsche Oper am Rhein]], one of the major [[opera house]]s in Germany. The [[Duisburg Philharmonic|Duisburg Philharmonic Orchestra]] is one of Germany's orchestras with an international reputation.<br /> <br /> Thanks to its history as a harbor city and a trade and industrial center Duisburg offers a variety of architectural places of interest, such as the [[German Inland Waterways Museum]]. The spectrum goes from old churches such as &quot;St Johann Baptist&quot; in Duisburg-Hamborn, which was built in 900, to [[Modern era|modern age]] buildings like Micro-Electronic-Centrum in Duisburg-Neudorf, built in 1995.<br /> Another subject of interest is the [[Landschaftspark Duisburg-Nord]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.landschaftspark.de/en/home/index.php |title=Duisburg-Nord Landscape Park |publisher=Landschaftspark.de |date=2009-04-23 |accessdate=2009-05-05}}&lt;/ref&gt; an abandoned industrial complex open to the public and an Anchor Point of ERIH, The [[European Route of Industrial Heritage]].<br /> The city center locates the [[Wilhelm Lehmbruck]] Museum,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|author=Cynapsis Kommunikationsagentur GmbH in Münster |url=http://lehmbruck.cynapsis.com/?part=en |title=Cynapsis - Die Kommunikations-Agentur in Münster |publisher=Lehmbruck.cynapsis.com |date= |accessdate=2009-05-05}}&lt;/ref&gt; the municipal theatre [http://www.theater-duisburg.de/] and the shopping street known as &quot;fountain mile&quot;.<br /> <br /> The city also contains two [[botanical garden]]s, the [[Botanischer Garten Duisburg-Hamborn]] and the [[Botanischer Garten Kaiserberg]], as well as a number of municipal parks.<br /> <br /> On 24 July 2010, 21 people were killed and hundreds injured in the city during the [[Love Parade]], an electronic music procession and party.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url= http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/world/la-fg-germany-love-parade-20100725,0,2079922.story|title=Love Parade stampede in Germany kills at least 18 - latimes.com|work=latimes.com|accessdate=25 July 2010|first=Kate|last=Connolly|date=25 July 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Sport ==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Club||Sport||League||Venue<br /> |-<br /> |[[MSV Duisburg]]||[[Association football|Football]]||[[Fußball-Bundesliga|2nd Bundesliga]]||[[MSV-Arena|MSV Arena]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[EV Duisburg Die Füchse|EV Duisburg]]||[[Ice hockey]]||[[Regionalliga West (4th District League)]]||[[Scania Arena]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[FCR 2001 Duisburg]]||[[Women's association football around the world|Women's football]]||[[Fußball-Bundesliga (women)|Bundesliga 1st German League]]||[[PCC-Stadion]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[Duisburg Dockers]]||[[Baseball]], [[American football]]||[[Landesliga II (2nd District League)]]||[[Schwelgernstadion]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[Amateur-Schwimm-Club Duisburg|Amateur SC Duisburg]]||[[Water polo]]|| [[Deutsche Wasserball-Liga (1st Water Polo League)]]||[[Schwimmstadion and club pool]]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> Duisburg is involved in many kinds of [[sport]]s. Nevertheless, most important for its inhabitants is the local [[Association football|football]] club [[MSV Duisburg]]. Recently, with the new MSV Arena the city received a brand new sports stadium for various kinds of sports such as football and American football.<br /> During the summer months of 2005 the [[World Games 2005|World Games]] took place in Duisburg. During the [[2006 FIFA World Cup]], Duisburg was the stage for preparation of the [[Portugal|Portuguese]] team and the residence of the [[Italy|Italian]] [[football team]], who won the cup in the final match against [[France]].<br /> Duisburg is also known for its [[Rhein-Ruhr-Marathon]], its [[Rowing (sport)|rowing]] and [[canoeing]] [[regatta]]s and the world championships that take place there regularly. Other popular sports are [[Ice hockey|icehockey]], [[baseball]], [[American football]], [[water polo]] and [[hockey]].<br /> <br /> == International relations ==<br /> {{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Germany}}<br /> <br /> === Twin towns – Sister cities ===<br /> Duisburg is [[town twinning|twinned]] with:&lt;ref name=&quot;Duisburg&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.duisburg.de/micro/english/introducing/102010100000187829.php|title=Cities Twinned with Duisburg|publisher=www.duisburg.de|accessdate=2009-05-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;RuhrTwins2010&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.twins2010.com/fileadmin/user_upload/pic/Dokumente/List_of_Twin_Towns_01.pdf?PHPSESSID=2edd34819db21e450d3bb625549ce4fd|title=List of Twin Towns in the Ruhr District|publisher= © 2009 [http://www.twins2010.com/index.php?id=home&amp;L=1 Twins2010.com]|accessdate=2009-10-28}} {{Dead link|date=April 2012|bot=H3llBot}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> {| cellpadding=&quot;10&quot;<br /> |- style=&quot;vertical-align:top;&quot;<br /> |<br /> *{{flagicon|UK}} [[Portsmouth]], [[Hampshire]], [[United Kingdom]] &lt;small&gt;(since 1950)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Duisburg&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;RuhrTwins2010&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Portsmouth City Council. ''[http://www.portsmouth.gov.uk/yourcouncil/1396.html Twinning]''. Retrieved 22 August 2007.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|author=Brian Daugherty |url=http://portsmouth-duisburg.tripod.com/ |title=Portsmouth Duisburg Anglo-German Friends |publisher=Portsmouth-duisburg.tripod.com |date= |accessdate=2011-04-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.portsmouthfreunde.de/ |title=Duisburger Portsmouthfreunde |publisher=Portsmouthfreunde.de |date= |accessdate=2011-04-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> *{{flagicon|France}} [[Calais]], [[Nord-Pas de Calais|Nord]], [[France]] &lt;small&gt;(since 1964)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Duisburg&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;RuhrTwins2010&quot;/&gt;<br /> *{{flagicon|Togo}} [[Lomé]], [[Togo]] &lt;small&gt;(since 1973)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Duisburg&quot;/&gt;<br /> ||<br /> *{{flagicon|PRC}} [[Wuhan]], [[Hubei]], [[People's Republic of China]] &lt;small&gt;(since 1982)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Duisburg&quot;/&gt;<br /> *{{flagicon|Lithuania}} [[Vilnius]], [[Lithuania]] &lt;small&gt;(since 1985)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Duisburg&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;RuhrTwins2010&quot;/&gt;<br /> *{{flagicon|Turkey}} [[Gaziantep]], [[Turkey]] &lt;small&gt;(since 2005)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Duisburg&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;RuhrTwins2010&quot;/&gt;<br /> ||<br /> *{{flagicon|Russia}} [[Perm]], [[Perm Krai]], [[Russia]]&lt;ref name=&quot;RuhrTwins2010&quot;/&gt;<br /> *{{flagicon|Honduras}} [[San Pedro Sula]], [[Honduras]]<br /> *{{flagicon|USA}} [[Fort Lauderdale, Florida|Fort Lauderdale]], [[Florida]], [[United States]]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> {{Commons|Duisburg}}<br /> * [http://www.duisburg.de/micro/english/index.php Official Website of the City (in English)]<br /> * [http://www.uni-duisburg-essen.de/ University of Duisburg-Essen (in German)]<br /> * [http://www.uni-due.de/en/index.php University of Duisburg-Essen]<br /> * [http://www.duisburg-tourism.com/en/ Duisburg Tourist Information]<br /> * [http://www.zoo-infos.de/zoos-en/96.html Duisburg Zoo at Zoo-Infos.de (in English)]<br /> * [http://www.worldgames2005.de/en/ World Games 2005 Duisburg]<br /> <br /> {{Hanseatic League}}<br /> {{Cities in Germany}}<br /> {{Germany districts north rhine-westphalia}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:World War II strategic bombing]]<br /> [[Category:Duisburg| ]]<br /> [[Category:Cities in North Rhine-Westphalia]]<br /> [[Category:Populated places on the Rhine]]<br /> [[Category:Port cities and towns in Germany]]<br /> [[Category:Members of the Hanseatic League]]<br /> [[Category:Imperial free cities]]<br /> [[Category:Turkish communities in Germany]]</div> Tulumino https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MDAX&diff=554454578 MDAX 2013-05-10T15:13:46Z <p>Tulumino: /* Companies */ wrong WL</p> <hr /> <div>{{Infobox Index<br /> |name = MDAX<br /> |logo = [[Image:MDAX.svg|220px]]<br /> |foundation = 19 January 1996<br /> |operator = [[Deutsche Börse]]<br /> |exchanges = [[Frankfurt Stock Exchange]]<br /> |constituents = 50<br /> |cap_level = Mid-cap, non-technology sectors<br /> |mcap = [[Euro|€]]42.9 billion &lt;small&gt;(end 2008)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://deutsche-boerse.com/INTERNET/IP/ip_stats.nsf/(KIR+Kennzahlen+MDAX+E)/686C772B4DBFBD4AC125752F00626E72/$FILE/MDAX_Weighting_File.20081230.xls?OpenElement|title=MDAX Weighting 30.12.2008|date=30 December 2008|publisher=[[Deutsche Börse]]|accessdate=2009-03-21}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |weighting = [[Market value-weighted index|Market value-weighted]]<br /> |related = [[DAX]], [[TecDAX]], [[SDAX]]<br /> |homepage = [http://deutsche-boerse.com/dbag/dispatch/en/kir/gdb_navigation/home?wp=DE0008467416 MDAX homepage]<br /> }}<br /> <br /> The '''MDAX''' is a stock index which lists German companies. The index is calculated by [[Deutsche Börse]].<br /> <br /> It includes the 50 [[Prime Standard]] shares from sectors excluding [[technology]] that rank immediately below the companies included in the [[DAX]] index. The company size is based on terms of [[order book]] volume and [[market capitalization]].<br /> <br /> The index is based on prices generated in the electronic trading system [[Xetra (trading system)|Xetra]].<br /> <br /> ==Companies==<br /> The following 50 companies make up the index as of the quarterly review effective on 18 March 2013.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Changes to MDAX, SDAX and TECDAX |url=http://dax-indices.com/EN/index.aspx?pageID=21&amp;NewsID=1267|publisher=[[Deutsche Börse]]|accessdate=10 May 2013|date=5 March 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> *[[Aareal Bank]]<br /> *[[Aurubis]]<br /> *[[Axel Springer AG|Axel Springer]]<br /> *[[BayWa]]<br /> *[[Bilfinger Berger]]<br /> *[[Brenntag]]<br /> *[[Celesio]]<br /> *[[Deutsche EuroShop]]<br /> *[[Deutsche Wohnen]]<br /> *[[Dürr AG|Dürr]]<br /> *[[EADS]]<br /> *[[ElringKlinger]]<br /> *[[Fielmann]]<br /> *[[Fraport]]<br /> *[[Fuchs Petrolub]]<br /> *[[GAGFAH]]<br /> *[[GEA Group]]<br /> *[[Gerresheimer]]<br /> *[[Gerry Weber International]]<br /> *[[Gildemeister AG|Gildemeister]]<br /> *[[GSW Immobilien]]<br /> *[[Hannover Re]]<br /> *[[HHLA]]<br /> *[[Hochtief]]<br /> *[[Hugo Boss]]<br /> *[[Kabel Deutschland]]<br /> *[[Klöckner]]<br /> *[[Krones]]<br /> *[[KUKA]]<br /> *[[Leoni AG|Leoni]]<br /> *[[MAN SE|MAN]]<br /> *[[Metro AG|Metro]]<br /> *[[MTU Aero Engines|MTU]]<br /> *[[Norma Group]]<br /> *[[ProSiebenSat.1 Media]]<br /> *[[Puma SE|Puma]]<br /> *[[Rational AG|Rational]]<br /> *[[Rheinmetall]]<br /> *[[Rhön-Klinikum]]<br /> *[[SGL Carbon]]<br /> *[[Salzgitter AG|Salzgitter]]<br /> *[[Sky Deutschland]]<br /> *[[Stada Arzneimittel|Stada]]<br /> *[[Südzucker]]<br /> *[[Symrise]]<br /> *[[TAG Tegernsee Immobilien und Beteiligung|TAG]]<br /> *[[Talanx]]<br /> *[[TUI AG|TUI]]<br /> *[[Wacker Chemie]]<br /> *[[Wincor Nixdorf]]<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[DAX]]<br /> * [[SDAX]]<br /> * [[TecDAX]]<br /> * [[ÖkoDAX]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> *[http://deutsche-boerse.com/dbag/dispatch/en/kir/gdb_navigation/home?wp=DE0008467416 MDAX]<br /> <br /> {{MDAX companies}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:German stock market indices]]<br /> [[Category:Companies listed on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange| ]]</div> Tulumino https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MDAX&diff=554453631 MDAX 2013-05-10T15:06:25Z <p>Tulumino: /* Companies */ act</p> <hr /> <div>{{Infobox Index<br /> |name = MDAX<br /> |logo = [[Image:MDAX.svg|220px]]<br /> |foundation = 19 January 1996<br /> |operator = [[Deutsche Börse]]<br /> |exchanges = [[Frankfurt Stock Exchange]]<br /> |constituents = 50<br /> |cap_level = Mid-cap, non-technology sectors<br /> |mcap = [[Euro|€]]42.9 billion &lt;small&gt;(end 2008)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://deutsche-boerse.com/INTERNET/IP/ip_stats.nsf/(KIR+Kennzahlen+MDAX+E)/686C772B4DBFBD4AC125752F00626E72/$FILE/MDAX_Weighting_File.20081230.xls?OpenElement|title=MDAX Weighting 30.12.2008|date=30 December 2008|publisher=[[Deutsche Börse]]|accessdate=2009-03-21}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |weighting = [[Market value-weighted index|Market value-weighted]]<br /> |related = [[DAX]], [[TecDAX]], [[SDAX]]<br /> |homepage = [http://deutsche-boerse.com/dbag/dispatch/en/kir/gdb_navigation/home?wp=DE0008467416 MDAX homepage]<br /> }}<br /> <br /> The '''MDAX''' is a stock index which lists German companies. The index is calculated by [[Deutsche Börse]].<br /> <br /> It includes the 50 [[Prime Standard]] shares from sectors excluding [[technology]] that rank immediately below the companies included in the [[DAX]] index. The company size is based on terms of [[order book]] volume and [[market capitalization]].<br /> <br /> The index is based on prices generated in the electronic trading system [[Xetra (trading system)|Xetra]].<br /> <br /> ==Companies==<br /> The following 50 companies make up the index as of the quarterly review effective on 18 March 2013.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Changes to MDAX, SDAX and TECDAX |url=http://dax-indices.com/EN/index.aspx?pageID=21&amp;NewsID=1267|publisher=[[Deutsche Börse]]|accessdate=10 May 2013|date=5 March 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> *[[Aareal Bank]]<br /> *[[Aurubis]]<br /> *[[Axel Springer AG|Axel Springer]]<br /> *[[BayWa]]<br /> *[[Bilfinger Berger]]<br /> *[[Brenntag]]<br /> *[[Celesio]]<br /> *[[Deutsche EuroShop]]<br /> *[[Deutsche Wohnen]]<br /> *[[Dürr AG|Dürr]]<br /> *[[EADS]]<br /> *[[ElringKlinger]]<br /> *[[Fielmann]]<br /> *[[Fraport]]<br /> *[[Fuchs Petrolub]]<br /> *[[GAGFAH]]<br /> *[[GEA Group]]<br /> *[[Gerresheimer]]<br /> *[[Gerry Weber International]]<br /> *[[Gildemeister AG|Gildemeister]]<br /> *[[GSW Immobilien]]<br /> *[[Hannover Re]]<br /> *[[HHLA]]<br /> *[[Hochtief]]<br /> *[[Hugo Boss]]<br /> *[[Kabel Deutschland]]<br /> *[[Klöckner]]<br /> *[[Krones]]<br /> *[[KUKA]]<br /> *[[Leoni AG|Leoni]]<br /> *[[MAN SE|MAN]]<br /> *[[Metro AG|Metro]]<br /> *[[MTU Aero Engines|MTU]]<br /> *[[Norma (supermarket)|Norma Group]]<br /> *[[ProSiebenSat.1 Media]]<br /> *[[Puma SE|Puma]]<br /> *[[Rational AG|Rational]]<br /> *[[Rheinmetall]]<br /> *[[Rhön-Klinikum]]<br /> *[[SGL Carbon]]<br /> *[[Salzgitter AG|Salzgitter]]<br /> *[[Sky Deutschland]]<br /> *[[Stada Arzneimittel|Stada]]<br /> *[[Südzucker]]<br /> *[[Symrise]]<br /> *[[TAG Tegernsee Immobilien und Beteiligung|TAG]]<br /> *[[Talanx]]<br /> *[[TUI AG|TUI]]<br /> *[[Wacker Chemie]]<br /> *[[Wincor Nixdorf]]<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[DAX]]<br /> * [[SDAX]]<br /> * [[TecDAX]]<br /> * [[ÖkoDAX]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> *[http://deutsche-boerse.com/dbag/dispatch/en/kir/gdb_navigation/home?wp=DE0008467416 MDAX]<br /> <br /> {{MDAX companies}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:German stock market indices]]<br /> [[Category:Companies listed on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange| ]]</div> Tulumino https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1972_Formula_One_season&diff=551699583 1972 Formula One season 2013-04-22T21:44:47Z <p>Tulumino: /* Drivers and constructors */ see Results + formula1.com</p> <hr /> <div>{{F1 season | year = 1972}}<br /> The '''1972 Formula One season''' was the 23rd [[FIA]] [[Formula One]] season. It featured the 23rd World Championship of Drivers, the 15th International Cup for F1 Manufacturers&lt;ref&gt;FIA Yearbook, 1974, pages 119 &amp; 121&lt;/ref&gt; and numerous non-championship Formula One races. The World Championship season commenced on January 23 and ended on October 8 after twelve races.<br /> <br /> For 1972 Team Lotus focussed again on the type 72 chassis. Imperial Tobacco continued its sponsorship of the team under its new John Player Special brand. The cars, now often referred to as 'JPS', were fielded in a new black and gold livery. Lotus took the championship by surprise in 1972 with 25-year old Brazilian driver Emerson Fittipaldi who became the youngest world champion at that point. Stewart came second in the championship.<br /> <br /> This was the first year where all the races were run on circuits with safety features on them. But safety at circuits even in 1972 was rather primitive compared to today's standards; but progress had been made since 1968; the last year where all the races were run on circuits with no safety features.<br /> <br /> The [[British Racing Motors]] (BRM) team took its last victory when [[Jean-Pierre Beltoise]] won the rain-affected [[1972 Monaco Grand Prix]] in a [[BRM P160]].<br /> <br /> The [[Dutch Grand Prix]] was canceled this year because of safety arrangements that were not completed for the race. It was supposed to be held between the Belgian and French Grand Prix's at the usual location, [[Zandvoort Circuit|Zandvoort]].<br /> <br /> ==Season review==<br /> [[File:Emerson Fittipaldi.jpg|thumb|175px|Emerson Fittipaldi won the driver's championship, driving for Lotus]]<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 85%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Rnd<br /> ! Race<br /> ! Circuit<br /> ! Date<br /> ! Pole position<br /> ! Fastest lap<br /> ! Winning driver<br /> ! Constructor<br /> ! Tyre<br /> ! Report<br /> |-<br /> ! 1<br /> | {{flagicon|Argentina}} [[Argentine Grand Prix]]<br /> | [[Autódromo Oscar Alfredo Gálvez|Buenos Aires]]<br /> | January 23<br /> | {{flagicon|Argentina}} [[Carlos Reutemann]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Jackie Stewart]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Jackie Stewart]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | {{Goodyear}}<br /> | [[1972 Argentine Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 2<br /> | {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[South African Grand Prix]]<br /> | [[Kyalami]]<br /> | March 4<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Jackie Stewart]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Mike Hailwood]]<br /> | {{flagicon|New Zealand}} [[Denny Hulme]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[McLaren]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | {{Goodyear}}<br /> | [[1972 South African Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 3<br /> | {{flagicon|Spain|1945}} [[Spanish Grand Prix]]<br /> | [[Circuito Permanente Del Jarama|Jarama]]<br /> | May 1<br /> | {{flagicon|Belgium}} [[Jacky Ickx]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Belgium}} [[Jacky Ickx]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Emerson Fittipaldi]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | {{Firestone}}<br /> | [[1972 Spanish Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 4<br /> | {{flagicon|Monaco}} [[Monaco Grand Prix]]<br /> | [[Circuit de Monaco|Monte Carlo]]<br /> | May 14<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Emerson Fittipaldi]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Jean-Pierre Beltoise]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Jean-Pierre Beltoise]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[BRM]]<br /> | {{Firestone}}<br /> | [[1972 Monaco Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 5<br /> | {{flagicon|Belgium}} [[Belgian Grand Prix]]<br /> | [[Nivelles-Baulers]]<br /> | June 4<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Emerson Fittipaldi]]<br /> | {{flagicon|New Zealand}} [[Chris Amon]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Emerson Fittipaldi]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | {{Firestone}}<br /> | [[1972 Belgian Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 6<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[French Grand Prix]]<br /> | [[Charade Circuit]]<br /> | July 2<br /> | {{flagicon|New Zealand}} [[Chris Amon]]<br /> | {{flagicon|New Zealand}} [[Chris Amon]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Jackie Stewart]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | {{Goodyear}}<br /> | [[1972 French Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 7<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[British Grand Prix]]<br /> | [[Brands Hatch]]<br /> | July 15<br /> | {{flagicon|Belgium}} [[Jacky Ickx]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Jackie Stewart]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Emerson Fittipaldi]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | {{Firestone}}<br /> | [[1972 British Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 8<br /> | {{flagicon|West Germany}} [[German Grand Prix]]<br /> | [[Nürburgring]]<br /> | July 30<br /> | {{flagicon|Belgium}} [[Jacky Ickx]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Belgium}} [[Jacky Ickx]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Belgium}} [[Jacky Ickx]]<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> | {{Firestone}}<br /> | [[1972 German Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 9<br /> | {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Austrian Grand Prix]]<br /> | [[Österreichring]]<br /> | August 13<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Emerson Fittipaldi]]<br /> | {{flagicon|New Zealand}} [[Denny Hulme]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Emerson Fittipaldi]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | {{Firestone}}<br /> | [[1972 Austrian Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 10<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Italian Grand Prix]]<br /> | [[Autodromo Nazionale Monza|Monza]]<br /> | September 10<br /> | {{flagicon|Belgium}} [[Jacky Ickx]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Belgium}} [[Jacky Ickx]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Emerson Fittipaldi]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | {{Firestone}}<br /> | [[1972 Italian Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 11<br /> | {{flagicon|Canada}} [[Canadian Grand Prix]]<br /> | [[Mosport Park]]<br /> | September 24<br /> | {{flagicon|US}} [[Peter Revson]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Jackie Stewart]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Jackie Stewart]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | {{Goodyear}}<br /> | [[1972 Canadian Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 12<br /> | {{flagicon|US}} [[United States Grand Prix]]<br /> | [[Watkins Glen International|Watkins Glen]]<br /> | October 8<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Jackie Stewart]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Jackie Stewart]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Jackie Stewart]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | {{Goodyear}}<br /> | [[1972 United States Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Drivers and constructors==<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 85%&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Entrant<br /> ! Constructor<br /> ! Chassis<br /> ! Engine<br /> ! Tyre<br /> ! Driver<br /> ! Rounds<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Brabham|Motor Racing Developments]]<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[Brabham]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[Brabham BT33|BT33]]&lt;br&gt;[[Brabham BT34|BT34]]&lt;br&gt;[[Brabham BT37|BT37]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Graham Hill]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|ARG}} [[Carlos Reutemann]]<br /> | 1-2, 5-12<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Wilson Fittipaldi Júnior]]<br /> | 3-12<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;8&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[British Racing Motors|Marlboro BRM]]<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;8&quot;| [[BRM]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;8&quot;| [[BRM P160|P160B]]&lt;br&gt;[[BRM P153|P153]]&lt;br&gt;[[BRM P180|P180]]&lt;br&gt;[[BRM P160|P160C]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;8&quot;| [[BRM]] P142 3.0 [[V12 engine|V12]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;8&quot;| {{Firestone}}<br /> | {{flagicon|NZL}} [[Howden Ganley]]<br /> | 1-6, 8-12<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|SWE}} [[Reine Wisell]]<br /> | 1, 3-4, 6, 8, 10<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Peter Gethin]]<br /> | 1-7, 9-12<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|Spain|1945}} [[Alex Soler-Roig]]<br /> | 1, 3<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|AUT}} [[Helmut Marko]]<br /> | 1-2, 4-6<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Jean-Pierre Beltoise]]<br /> | 2-12<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Jackie Oliver]]<br /> | 7<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|CAN}} [[Bill Brack]]<br /> | 11<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;5&quot;| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Scuderia Ferrari SpA SEFAC]]<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;5&quot;| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;5&quot;| [[Ferrari 312B|312B2]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;5&quot;| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]] 001/1 3.0 [[Flat-12|F12]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;5&quot;| {{Firestone}}<br /> | {{flagicon|BEL}} [[Jacky Ickx]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|SUI}} [[Clay Regazzoni]]<br /> | 1-5, 8-12<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|USA}} [[Mario Andretti]]<br /> | 1-3, 10, 12<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Nanni Galli]]<br /> | 6<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Arturo Merzario]]<br /> | 7-8<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Team Lotus|John Player Team Lotus]]&lt;br&gt;{{flagicon|UK}} [[Team Lotus|World Wide Racing]]<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[Lotus 72|72D]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| {{Firestone}}<br /> | {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Emerson Fittipaldi]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|AUS}} [[David Walker (racing driver)|David Walker]]<br /> | 1-9, 12<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|SWE}} [[Reine Wisell]]<br /> | 11-12<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[March Engineering|STP March Racing Team]]<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[March Engineering|March]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[March 721|721]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Goodyear}}&lt;br&gt;{{Firestone}}<br /> | {{flagicon|SWE}} [[Ronnie Peterson]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|AUT}} [[Niki Lauda]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Matra|Equipe Matra Sports]]<br /> ! [[Matra]]<br /> | [[Matra MS120C|MS120C]]&lt;br&gt;[[Matra MS120D|MS120D]]<br /> | [[Matra]] MS72 3.0 [[V12 engine|V12]]<br /> | {{Goodyear}}<br /> | {{flagicon|NZL}} [[Chris Amon]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[McLaren|Yardley Team McLaren]]<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| [[McLaren]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| [[McLaren M19A|M19A]]&lt;br&gt;[[McLaren M19C|M19C]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | {{flagicon|NZL}} [[Denny Hulme]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|USA}} [[Peter Revson]]<br /> | 1-3, 5, 7, 9-12<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Brian Redman]]<br /> | 4, 6, 8<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|RSA|1928}} [[Jody Scheckter]]<br /> | 12<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Surtees|Brooke Bond Oxo Team Surtees]]<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| [[Surtees]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| [[Surtees TS9|TS9B]]&lt;br&gt;[[Surtees TS14|TS14]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| {{Firestone}}<br /> | {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Tim Schenken]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Andrea de Adamich]]<br /> | 1-3, 5-12<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Mike Hailwood]]<br /> | 2-10, 12<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[John Surtees]]<br /> | 10, 12<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Tyrrell Racing|Elf Team Tyrrell]]<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[Tyrrell 003|003]]&lt;br&gt;[[Tyrrell 002|002]]&lt;br&gt;[[Tyrrell 004|004]]&lt;br&gt;[[Tyrrell 005|005]]&lt;br&gt;[[Tyrrell 006|006]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Jackie Stewart]]<br /> | 1-4, 6-12<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[François Cevert]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Patrick Depailler]]<br /> | 6, 12<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Frank Williams Racing Cars|Team Williams Motul]]<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[March Engineering|March]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]&lt;br&gt;[[Frank Williams Racing Cars|Politoys]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[March 711|711]]&lt;br&gt;[[March 721|721]]&lt;br&gt;[[Politoys FX3|FX3]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Henri Pescarolo]]<br /> | 1-12<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Carlos Pace]]<br /> | 2-12<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|West Germany}} [[Eifelland|Team Eifelland Caravans]]<br /> ! [[Eifelland]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | [[Eifelland 21|21]]<br /> | [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> | {{Goodyear}}<br /> | {{flagicon|FRG}} [[Rolf Stommelen]]<br /> | 2-9<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|RSA|1928}} Scribante [[Lucky Strike|Lucky Strike Racing]]<br /> ! [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | [[Lotus 72|72D]]<br /> | [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> | {{Firestone}}<br /> | {{flagicon|RSA|1928}} [[Dave Charlton]]<br /> | 2, 6-8<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|Rhodesia}} [[Team Gunston]]<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Surtees]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]&lt;br&gt;[[Brabham]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Surtees TS9|TS9]]&lt;br&gt;[[Brabham BT33|BT33]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Firestone}}<br /> | {{flagicon|Rhodesia}} [[John Love (racing driver)|John Love]]<br /> | 2<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|RSA|1928}} [[William Ferguson (racing driver)|Willie Ferguson]]<br /> | 2<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} Clarke-Mordaunt-Guthrie Racing<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[March Engineering|March]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]&lt;br&gt;[[Surtees]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[March 721|721G]]&lt;br&gt;[[Surtees TS9B|TS9B]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Firestone}}<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Mike Beuttler]]<br /> | 3-12<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Andrea de Adamich]]<br /> | 4<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Tecno (motorsport)|Martini Racing]]<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Tecno (motorsport)|Tecno]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Tecno PA123/3|PA123/3]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Tecno (motorsport)|Tecno]] Series-P 3.0 [[Flat-12|F12]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Firestone}}<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Nanni Galli]]<br /> | 5, 7, 9-10<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Derek Bell (auto racer)|Derek Bell]]<br /> | 6, 8, 10-12<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Connew|Darnval Connew Racing Team]]<br /> ! [[Connew]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | [[Connew PC1|PC1]]<br /> | [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> | {{Firestone}}<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[François Migault]]<br /> | 7, 9<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|USA}} Gene Mason Racing<br /> ! [[March Engineering|March]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | [[March 711|711]]<br /> | [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> | {{Firestone}}<br /> | {{flagicon|USA}} [[Skip Barber]]<br /> | 11-12<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|USA}} Champcarr Inc.<br /> ! [[Surtees]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | [[Surtees TS9|TS9B]]<br /> | [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> | {{Firestone}}<br /> | {{flagicon|USA}} [[Sam Posey]]<br /> | 12<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Results and standings==<br /> ===Drivers===<br /> <br /> Points for the 1972 World Championship of Drivers were awarded on a 9-6-4-3-2-1 basis to the top six placegetters in each race. For classification, only the best five results from the first half of the season and the best five results from the second half of the season could be retained.<br /> <br /> {|<br /> |- valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> |<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 85%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |- valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Pos<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Driver<br /> ! [[1972 Argentine Grand Prix|ARG]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Argentina}}<br /> ! [[1972 South African Grand Prix|RSA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|South Africa|1928}}<br /> ! [[1972 Spanish Grand Prix|ESP]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Spain|1945}}<br /> ! [[1972 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Monaco}}<br /> ! [[1972 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Belgium}}<br /> ! [[1972 French Grand Prix|FRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|France}}<br /> ! [[1972 British Grand Prix|GBR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|UK}}<br /> ! [[1972 German Grand Prix|GER]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|West Germany}}<br /> ! [[1972 Austrian Grand Prix|AUT]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Austria}}<br /> ! [[1972 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Italy}}<br /> ! [[1972 Canadian Grand Prix|CAN]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Canada}}<br /> ! [[1972 United States Grand Prix|USA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|United States}}<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Points<br /> |-<br /> ! 1<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Emerson Fittipaldi]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;|'''61'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 2<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Jackie Stewart]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| ''1''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| ''2''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| ''1''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''''1'''''<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;|'''45'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 3<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|New Zealand}} [[Denny Hulme]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 15<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| ''2''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;|'''39'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 4<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Belgium}} [[Jacky Ickx]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''''2'''''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''''1'''''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''''Ret'''''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;|'''27'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 5<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|US}} [[Peter Revson]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 18<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;|'''23'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 6<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[François Cevert]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;|'''15'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 7<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Switzerland}} [[Clay Regazzoni]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;|'''15'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 8<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Mike Hailwood]]<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| ''Ret''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 17<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;|'''13'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 9<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Sweden}} [[Ronnie Peterson]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#000000&quot; style=&quot;color:white&quot;| DSQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;|'''12'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 10<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|New Zealand}} [[Chris Amon]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffff&quot;|DNS<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 15<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| ''6''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| '''''3'''''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 15<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 15<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;|'''12'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 11<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[Jean-Pierre Beltoise]]<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| ''1''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 15<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;|'''9'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 12<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|US}} [[Mario Andretti]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;|'''4'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 13<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|New Zealand}} [[Howden Ganley]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;|'''4'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 14<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Brian Redman]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;|'''4'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 15<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Graham Hill]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;|'''4'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 16<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Argentina}} [[Carlos Reutemann]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| '''7'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;|'''3'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 17<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Andrea de Adamich]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;|'''3'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 18<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[José Carlos Pace]]<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 17<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 17<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;|'''3'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 19<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Australia}} [[Tim Schenken]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 17<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;|'''2'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 20<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Arturo Merzario]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;|'''1'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 21<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Peter Gethin]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;|'''1'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Wilson Fittipaldi]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;|'''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Niki Lauda]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 16<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#000000&quot; style=&quot;color:white&quot;| DSQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;|'''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[Patrick Depailler]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;|'''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Helmut Marko]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;|'''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Mike Beuttler]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 19<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;|'''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[Henri Pescarolo]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;|'''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Australia}} [[David Walker (racing driver)|David Walker]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#000000&quot; style=&quot;color:white&quot;| DSQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 18<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;|'''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[Jody Scheckter]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;|'''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|West Germany}} [[Rolf Stommelen]]<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 16<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 15<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;|'''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Sweden}} [[Reine Wisell]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;|'''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|US}} [[Sam Posey]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;|'''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Nanni Galli]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;|'''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|US}} [[Skip Barber]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 16<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;|'''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Rhodesia}} [[John Love (racing driver)|John Love]]<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 16<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;|'''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[Dave Charlton]]<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;|'''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Derek Bell (auto racer)|Derek Bell]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> | DNS<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;|'''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Spain|1945}} [[Alex Soler-Roig]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;|'''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Jackie Oliver]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;|'''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[François Migault]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> | DNS<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;|'''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[John Surtees]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffff&quot;|DNS<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;|'''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Canada}} [[Bill Brack]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;|'''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[William Ferguson (racing driver)|William Ferguson]]<br /> |<br /> | DNS<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;|'''0'''<br /> |- valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Pos<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Driver<br /> ! [[1972 Argentine Grand Prix|ARG]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Argentina}}<br /> ! [[1972 South African Grand Prix|RSA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|South Africa|1928}}<br /> ! [[1972 Spanish Grand Prix|ESP]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Spain|1945}}<br /> ! [[1972 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Monaco}}<br /> ! [[1972 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Belgium}}<br /> ! [[1972 French Grand Prix|FRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|France}}<br /> ! [[1972 British Grand Prix|GBR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|UK}}<br /> ! [[1972 German Grand Prix|GER]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|West Germany}}<br /> ! [[1972 Austrian Grand Prix|AUT]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Austria}}<br /> ! [[1972 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Italy}}<br /> ! [[1972 Canadian Grand Prix|CAN]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Canada}}<br /> ! [[1972 United States Grand Prix|USA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|United States}}<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Points<br /> |}<br /> |valign=&quot;top&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;|<br /> {{F1 driver results legend 2}}<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Constructors===<br /> <br /> Points for the 1972 International Cup for F1 Manufacturers were awarded on a 9-6-4-3-2-1 basis to the top six placegetters in each race. Only the best placed car from each manufacturer was eligible to score points. For classification, only the best five results from the first half of the season and the best five results from the second half of the season could be retained.<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 85%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |- valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> ! valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Pos.<br /> ! valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Manufacturer<br /> ! [[1972 Argentine Grand Prix|ARG]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Argentina}}<br /> ! [[1972 South African Grand Prix|RSA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|South Africa|1928}}<br /> ! [[1972 Spanish Grand Prix|ESP]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Spain|1945}}<br /> ! [[1972 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Monaco}}<br /> ! [[1972 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Belgium}}<br /> ! [[1972 French Grand Prix|FRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|France}}<br /> ! [[1972 British Grand Prix|GBR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|UK}}<br /> ! [[1972 German Grand Prix|GER]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|West Germany}}<br /> ! [[1972 Austrian Grand Prix|AUT]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Austria}}<br /> ! [[1972 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Italy}}<br /> ! [[1972 Canadian Grand Prix|CAN]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Canada}}<br /> ! [[1972 United States Grand Prix|USA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|United States}}<br /> ! valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Pts.&lt;ref name=&quot;points&quot;&gt;Only the best 5 results from the first 6 rounds and the best 5 results from the last 6 rounds counted towards the Championship. Numbers without parentheses are Championship points; numbers in parentheses are total points scored.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> ! 1<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| '''3'''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''61'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 2<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''4'''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''51'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 3<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[McLaren]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''5'''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''5'''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| '''3'''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| '''3'''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| (5)<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| '''3'''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''47 (49)'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 4<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| '''3'''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''4'''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''6'''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''5'''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''5'''<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''33'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 5<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Surtees]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''5'''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 16<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''4'''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''4'''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''6'''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''4'''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''18'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 6<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[March Engineering|March]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''6'''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''5'''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''6'''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''5'''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''5'''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| '''3'''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''4'''<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''15'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 7<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[British Racing Motors|BRM]]<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 15<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''4'''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''6'''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''6'''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''14'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 8<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Matra]]<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffffff&quot;| DNS<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 15<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''6'''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''6'''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| '''3'''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''4'''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 15<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''5'''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''6'''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 15<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''12'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 9<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Brabham]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''6'''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''6'''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''5'''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''4'''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''7'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Tecno (motorsport)|Tecno]]<br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | DNS<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Frank Williams Racing Cars|Politoys]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Connew]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | DNS<br /> | <br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |- valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> ! valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Pos.<br /> ! valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Manufacturer<br /> ! [[1972 Argentine Grand Prix|ARG]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Argentina}}<br /> ! [[1972 South African Grand Prix|RSA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|South Africa|1928}}<br /> ! [[1972 Spanish Grand Prix|ESP]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Spain|1945}}<br /> ! [[1972 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Monaco}}<br /> ! [[1972 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Belgium}}<br /> ! [[1972 French Grand Prix|FRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|France}}<br /> ! [[1972 British Grand Prix|GBR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|UK}}<br /> ! [[1972 German Grand Prix|GER]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|West Germany}}<br /> ! [[1972 Austrian Grand Prix|AUT]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Austria}}<br /> ! [[1972 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Italy}}<br /> ! [[1972 Canadian Grand Prix|CAN]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Canada}}<br /> ! [[1972 United States Grand Prix|USA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|United States}}<br /> ! valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Pts.<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> *'''Bold''' results counted to championship totals.<br /> <br /> ==Non-Championship race results==<br /> Other Formula One races were also held in 1972, which did not count towards the World Championship.<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:95%&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Race Name<br /> ! Circuit<br /> ! Date<br /> ! Winning driver<br /> ! Constructor<br /> ! Report<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} VII [[Race of Champions (Brands Hatch)|Race of Champions]]<br /> | [[Brands Hatch]]<br /> | March 19<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Emerson Fittipaldi]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]<br /> | [[1972 Race of Champions|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} I [[Brazilian Grand Prix]]<br /> | [[Autódromo José Carlos Pace|Interlagos]]<br /> | March 30<br /> | {{flagicon|Argentina}} [[Carlos Reutemann]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Brabham]]-[[Cosworth]]<br /> | [[1972 Brazilian Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} XXIV [[BRDC International Trophy]]<br /> | [[Silverstone Circuit|Silverstone]]<br /> | April 23<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Emerson Fittipaldi]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]<br /> | [[1972 BRDC International Trophy|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} XIX [[International Gold Cup]]<br /> | [[Oulton Park]]<br /> | May 29<br /> | {{flagicon|New Zealand}} [[Denny Hulme]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[McLaren]]-[[Cosworth]]<br /> | [[1972 International Gold Cup|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} I [[Italian Republic Grand Prix]]<br /> | [[ACI Vallelunga Circuit|Vallelunga]]<br /> | June 18<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Emerson Fittipaldi]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]<br /> | [[1972 Italian Republic Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} II [[World Championship Victory Race]]<br /> | [[Brands Hatch]]<br /> | October 22<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Jean-Pierre Beltoise]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[BRM]]<br /> | [[1972 World Championship Victory Race|Report]]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Notes and references==<br /> &lt;references/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * [http://www.f1-facts.com/results/season/1972 1972 World Championship race results and images] Retrieved from f1-Facts.com on 20 October<br /> <br /> {{Formula One Championship}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Formula One seasons]]<br /> [[Category:1972 in Formula One| ]]</div> Tulumino https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1975_Formula_One_season&diff=543249069 1975 Formula One season 2013-03-10T17:24:41Z <p>Tulumino: /* 1975 International Cup for F1 Manufacturers - final standings */ see previous edit</p> <hr /> <div>{{F1 season | year = 1975}}<br /> [[File:Anefo 928-0040, Niki Lauda, Zandvoort, 20-06-1975.jpg|thumb|Austrian Niki Lauda won the 1975 World Championship of F1 Drivers]]<br /> [[File:Emerson Fittipaldi McLaren M23 1974 Britain.jpg|thumb|Emerson Fittipaldi (McLaren M23 Ford)placed second in the 1975 World Championship of F1 Drivers]]<br /> The '''1975 Formula One season''' was the 26th season of [[FIA]] [[Formula One]] motor racing. It featured the 1975 World Championship of F1 Drivers &lt;ref&gt;1976 FIA Yearbook, Grey section, page 90&lt;/ref&gt; and the 1975 International Cup for F1 Manufacturers &lt;ref&gt;1976 FIA Yearbook, Grey section, page 91&lt;/ref&gt; which were contested concurrently from January 12 to October 5 over fourteen races. The season also included three non-championship Formula One races and a nine race South African Formula One Championship.<br /> <br /> After a strong finish to the 1974 season, many observers felt the Brabham team were favourites to win the 1975 title. The year started well, with an emotional first win for [[José Carlos Pace|Carlos Pace]] at the [[Autódromo José Carlos Pace|Interlagos]] circuit in his native [[São Paulo]]. However, over the season tyre wear frequently slowed the cars, and the initial promise was not maintained.&lt;ref&gt;Gill, Barrie (1976) &quot;The World Championship 1975&quot; ''[[John Player &amp; Sons|John Player]] Motorsport yearbook 1976'' p. 103 Queen Anne Press Ltd. ISBN 0-362-00254-1&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Niki Lauda]] often refers to 1975 as &quot;the unbelievable year&quot;. In his second year with [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]], the team provided him with the [[Ferrari 312T]] - a car that was technically far superior to any of the competition. He won his first world title with 5 wins and a huge margin over second place in the championship.<br /> <br /> American [[Mark Donohue]] died during practice for the [[1975 Austrian Grand Prix|Austrian Grand Prix]].<br /> <br /> ==Drivers and constructors==<br /> The following drivers and constructors and contested the 1975 World Championship of F1 Drivers and the 1975 International Cup for F1 Manufacturers. <br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 85%&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Entrant<br /> ! Constructor<br /> ! Chassis<br /> ! Engine<br /> ! Tyre<br /> ! No<br /> ! Driver<br /> ! Rounds<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[McLaren|Marlboro Team McLaren]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[McLaren]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[McLaren M23|M23]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 1<br /> | {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Emerson Fittipaldi]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> | 2<br /> | {{flagicon|FRG}} [[Jochen Mass]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Tyrrell Racing|Elf Team Tyrrell]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| [[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| [[Tyrrell 007|007]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 3<br /> | {{flagicon|RSA|1928}} [[Jody Scheckter]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> | 4<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Patrick Depailler]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 15<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Jean-Pierre Jabouille]]<br /> | 9<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Michel Leclère]]<br /> | 14<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;6&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Team Lotus|John Player Team Lotus]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;6&quot;| [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;6&quot;| [[Lotus 72E|72E]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;6&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;6&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> |5<br /> | {{flagicon|SWE}} [[Ronnie Peterson]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| 6<br /> | {{flagicon|BEL}} [[Jacky Ickx]]<br /> | 1-9<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Jim Crawford (racing driver)|Jim Crawford]]<br /> | 10, 13<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[John Watson (racing driver)|John Watson]]<br /> | 11<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Brian Henton]]<br /> | 12, 14<br /> |-<br /> |15<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Brian Henton]]<br /> | 10<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Martini Racing]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Brabham]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Brabham BT44B|BT44B]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 7<br /> | {{flagicon|ARG}} [[Carlos Reutemann]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> | 8<br /> | {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Carlos Pace]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} Beta [[March Engineering|Team March]]&lt;br&gt;{{flagicon|GBR}} [[Lavazza]] [[March Engineering|March]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| [[March Engineering|March]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| [[March 741|741]]&lt;br&gt;[[March 751|751]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 9<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Vittorio Brambilla]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|10<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Lella Lombardi]]<br /> | 3-9<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|FRG}} [[Hans-Joachim Stuck]]<br /> | 10-14<br /> |-<br /> | 29<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Lella Lombardi]]<br /> | 10-13<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Scuderia Ferrari SpA SEFAC]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Ferrari 312B3|312B3]]&lt;br&gt;[[Ferrari 312T|312T]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]] 001/11 3.0 [[Flat-12|F12]]&lt;br&gt;[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]] 015 3.0 [[Flat-12|F12]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 11<br /> | {{flagicon|SUI}} [[Clay Regazzoni]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> | 12<br /> | {{flagicon|AUT}} [[Niki Lauda]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[BRM|Stanley BRM]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[BRM]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[BRM P201|P201]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[BRM]] P200 3.0 [[V12 engine|V12]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 14<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Mike Wilds]]<br /> | 1-2<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Bob Evans (race driver)|Bob Evans]]<br /> | 3-9, 12-13<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Shadow Racing Cars|UOP Shadow Racing Team]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Shadow Racing Cars|Shadow]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Shadow DN3|DN3B]]&lt;br&gt;[[Shadow DN5|DN5]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 16<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Tom Pryce]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 17<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Jean-Pierre Jarier]]<br /> | 1-11, 14<br /> |-<br /> ! [[Shadow Racing Cars|Shadow]]-[[Matra]]<br /> | [[Shadow DN7|DN7]]<br /> | [[Matra]] MS75 3.0 [[V12 engine|V12]]<br /> | 12-13<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Surtees|Team Surtees]]&lt;br&gt;{{flagicon|GBR}} [[Surtees|National Organs Team Surtees]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Surtees]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Surtees TS16|TS16]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> |18<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[John Watson (racing driver)|John Watson]]<br /> | 1-10, 12<br /> |-<br /> | 19<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Dave Morgan (racing driver)|Dave Morgan]]<br /> | 10<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;11&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Frank Williams Racing Cars]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;11&quot;| [[Frank Williams Racing Cars|Williams]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;11&quot;| [[Williams FW|FW]]&lt;br&gt;[[Williams FW04|FW04]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;11&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;11&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> |rowspan=&quot;8&quot;| 20<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Arturo Merzario]]<br /> | 1-6<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Damien Magee]]<br /> | 7<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|RSA|1928}} [[Ian Scheckter]]<br /> | 8<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[François Migault]]<br /> | 9<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Ian Ashley]]<br /> | 11<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|CH}} [[Jo Vonlanthen]]<br /> | 12<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Renzo Zorzi]]<br /> | 13<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Lella Lombardi]]<br /> | 14<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| 21<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Jacques Laffite]]<br /> | 1-3, 5-6, 8-14<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Tony Brise]]<br /> | 4<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|RSA|1928}} [[Ian Scheckter]]<br /> | 7<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;9&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Embassy Hill|Embassy Racing with Graham Hill]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Lola Cars|Lola]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Lola T370|T370]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;9&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;9&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 22<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Graham Hill]]<br /> | 1-3<br /> |-<br /> | 23<br /> | {{flagicon|FRG}} [[Rolf Stommelen]]<br /> | 1-2<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=&quot;7&quot;| [[Embassy Hill|Hill]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;7&quot;| [[Hill GH1|GH1]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| 22<br /> | {{flagicon|FRG}} [[Rolf Stommelen]]<br /> | 3-4, 12-13<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[François Migault]]<br /> | 6<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Vern Schuppan]]<br /> | 7<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Alan Jones (racing driver)|Alan Jones]]<br /> | 8-11<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=3| 23<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[François Migault]]<br /> | 4<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Graham Hill]]<br /> | 5<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Tony Brise]]<br /> | 6-14<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;7&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Hesketh Racing]]&lt;br&gt;{{flagicon|GBR}} [[Hesketh Racing|Warsteiner Brewery]]&lt;br&gt;{{flagicon|GBR}} [[Hesketh Racing|Polar Caravans]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;7&quot;| [[Hesketh Racing|Hesketh]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;7&quot;| [[Hesketh 308|308]]&lt;br&gt;[[Hesketh 308B|308B]]&lt;br&gt;[[Hesketh 308C|308C]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;7&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;7&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 24<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[James Hunt]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=3| 25<br /> | {{flagicon|SWE}} [[Torsten Palm]]<br /> | 5<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|AUT}} [[Harald Ertl]]<br /> | 11 <br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|USA}} [[Brett Lunger]]<br /> | 12-14<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=2| 32<br /> | {{flagicon|SWE}} [[Torsten Palm]]<br /> | 7<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|AUT}} [[Harald Ertl]]<br /> | 12 <br /> |-<br /> | 34<br /> | {{flagicon|AUT}} [[Harald Ertl]]<br /> | 13 <br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} Custom Made Harry Stiller Racing<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Hesketh Racing|Hesketh]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Hesketh 308B|308B]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 25<br /> | {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Alan Jones (racing driver)|Alan Jones]]<br /> | 4<br /> |-<br /> | 26<br /> | {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Alan Jones (racing driver)|Alan Jones]]<br /> | 5-7<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|USA}} [[Vel's Parnelli Jones Racing]]<br /> ! [[Parnelli]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | [[Parnelli VPJ4|VPJ4]]<br /> | [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> | {{Firestone}}&lt;br&gt;{{Goodyear}}<br /> | 27<br /> | {{flagicon|USA}} [[Mario Andretti]]<br /> | 1-5, 7, 9-14<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Penske Racing|Penske Cars]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Penske Racing|Penske]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Penske PC1|PC1]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| 28<br /> | {{flagicon|USA}} [[Mark Donohue]]<br /> | 1-9<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[John Watson (racing driver)|John Watson]]<br /> | 14<br /> |-<br /> ! [[March Engineering|March]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | [[March 751|751]]<br /> | {{flagicon|USA}} [[Mark Donohue]]<br /> | 10-12<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Fittipaldi Automotive|Copersucar-Fittipaldi]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Fittipaldi Automotive|Fittipaldi]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Fittipaldi FD01|FD01]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 30<br /> | {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Wilson Fittipaldi Júnior|Wilson Fittipaldi]]<br /> | 1-12, 14<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Arturo Merzario]]<br /> | 13<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|RSA|1928}} [[Alex Blignaut|Lucky Strike Racing]]<br /> ! [[McLaren]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | [[McLaren M23|M23]]<br /> | [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> | {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 31<br /> | {{flagicon|RSA|1928}} [[Dave Charlton]]<br /> | 3<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;5&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Ensign Racing|HB Bewaking Team Ensign]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;5&quot;| [[Ensign Racing|Ensign]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;5&quot;| [[Ensign N174|N174]]&lt;br&gt;[[Ensign N175|N175]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;5&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;5&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> |rowspan=3| 31<br /> | {{flagicon|NED}} [[Roelof Wunderink]]<br /> | 4-5, 10, 13-14<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|NED}} [[Gijs van Lennep]]<br /> | 8-9, 11<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|NZL}} [[Chris Amon]]<br /> | 12 <br /> |-<br /> | 32<br /> | {{flagicon|NZL}} [[Chris Amon]]<br /> | 13 <br /> |-<br /> | 33<br /> | {{flagicon|NED}} [[Roelof Wunderink]]<br /> | 12<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|RSA|1928}} Lexington Racing<br /> ! [[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | [[Tyrrell 007|007]]<br /> | [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> | {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 32<br /> | {{flagicon|RSA|1928}} [[Ian Scheckter]]<br /> | 3<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} Pinch Plant (Ltd)<br /> ! [[Lyncar]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | [[Lyncar 006|006]]<br /> | [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> | {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 32<br /> | {{flagicon|NZL}} [[John Nicholson (racing driver)|John Nicholson]]<br /> | 10<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|RSA|1928}} Team Gunston<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Lotus 72|72D]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 33<br /> | {{flagicon|RSA|1928}} [[Eddie Keizan]]<br /> | 3<br /> |-<br /> | 34<br /> | {{flagicon|RSA|1928}} [[Guy Tunmer]]<br /> | 3<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Maki Engineering]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Maki Engineering|Maki]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Maki F101|F101B]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 35<br /> | {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Hiroshi Fushida]]<br /> | 8, 10<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Tony Trimmer]]<br /> | 11-13<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Race-by-Race==<br /> <br /> ===Race One: Argentina===<br /> The drivers went to Argentina to start the season, and it was [[Jean-Pierre Jarier]] in the [[Shadow Racing Cars|Shadow]] who took pole position with the [[Brabham]]s of [[Carlos Pace]] and [[Carlos Reutemann]] second and third on the grid. However, poleman Jarier could not even start the race because his transmission failed on the parade lap. Home hero Reutemann took the led from teammate Pace, with [[Niki Lauda]]'s [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]] third. <br /> <br /> Pace passed teammate Reutemann to take the lead but then spun off and dropped to seventh. [[James Hunt]] in his [[Hesketh Racing|Hesketh]] soon overtook Lauda and then Reutemann, much to the chagrin of the crowd. By then, reigning world champion [[Emerson Fittipaldi]] in his [[McLaren]] was past Lauda and up to third, and soon took Reutemann for second as well. Fittipaldi closed in on Hunt and took the lead with 18 laps left. Pace recovered to fourth after his spin, but it was to no avail as his engine blew up. Fittipaldi started his title defence with a win, Hunt was a superb second, and Reutemann third in front of his home crowd.<br /> <br /> ===Race Two: Brazil===<br /> The second round was in Brazil, and Jarier took pole position again with Fittipaldi alongside and Reutemann third. Reutemann, just like in Argentina, took the lead at the start from Jarier and Pace was up to third, whereas home driver Fittipaldi dropped to seventh. Jarier retook the lead from Reutemann on lap 5 and then pulled away. Reutemann struggled with handling issues and dropped well down the order then, with Pace up to second, [[Clay Regazzoni]]'s [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]] third and Fittipaldi recovering to fourth. Jarier's engine stopped with seven laps left and Pace took the lead. Regazzoni was up to second but dropped behind Fittipaldi and [[Jochen Mass]] in the second [[McLaren]] as he too suffered handling issues. Pace took a home victory, with countryman Fittipaldi second and Mass third.<br /> <br /> ===Race Three: South Africa===<br /> A month after the Brazilian race, the field went to South Africa and Pace followed up his win with pole, with Reutemann alongside as Braham locked out the front row, and home hero [[Jody Scheckter]] was third in the [[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell]]. Pace led at the start, with Scheckter second, and [[Ronnie Peterson]] in his [[Team Lotus|Lotus]] jumped up from eighth to take third. However, the Swede did not have the pace of the front runners and dropped back down the order. Scheckter took the lead from Pace on the third lap, to the delight to the fans. Pace kept second until he struggled with tyres and was passed by Reutemann and the second Tyrrell of [[Patrick Depailler]]. Scheckter took an emotional home victory, with Reutemann and Depailler completing the podium.<br /> <br /> ===Race Four: Spain===<br /> Nearly two months after the third round, the European season began in Spain. The Grand Prix Drivers Association was not happy with the state of the barriers, which were not bolted properly, and the drivers threatened not to take part. Mechanics from the teams went around the entire circuit to attempt to repair/fasten down the barriers. After work was done on the circuit, the drivers agreed that the circuit was still not safe enough. Reigning world champion and championship leader Emerson Fittipaldi had no intention to race because of the condition of the barriers, and went home on Sunday morning. The organisers of the event then locked the cars and motorhomes inside the circuit confines for breach of contract and threatened to keep them there. This being incompatible with the timeschedule for the next race at Monaco, the teams decided to cater for the organisers wishes and raced anyway.<br /> <br /> The rest of the drivers were there for qualifying, and Ferrari took the front row, with Lauda on pole from Regazzoni, and Hunt third in the Hesketh. There was chaos at the start when [[Mario Andretti]] in his [[Parnelli]] tapped the car of polesitter Lauda, sending it into the sister car of Regazzoni and knocking both Ferraris out of contention. Hunt gratefully took the lead, and Andretti, whose car was undamaged was second. Hunt led until he crashed after spinning on oil on the track, leaving Andretti leading from [[John Watson (racing driver)|John Watson]] in the [[Surtees]] and [[Rolf Stommelen]]'s [[Embassy Hill|Hill]]. Watson then had to pit with a vibration and the leader Andretti retired after a suspension failure sent him into the guardrail. This promoted Pace to second and Peterson to third, but the Swede retired after colliding with backmarker [[François Migault]] while lapping him.<br /> <br /> On lap 26, Stommelen's rear wing broke, and the car bounced into the barriers and flew back onto the road, hitting the barrier on the other side but the momentum of the car was enough for it to fly over the barrier where spectators were watching. The car hit some of them, and five spectators were killed, and Stommelen and other spectators were injured. Pace also crashed while trying to avoid the Hill as it bounced back off the road. The race went on for the moment, with [[Jochen Mass]] passing [[Jacky Ickx]]'s [[Team Lotus|Lotus]] to lead. The organizers stopped the race on lap 30 due to the debris on the track caused my Stommelen's crash. Mass was declared the winner, with Ickx second and Reutemann third. Only half points were awarded as the race was stopped before it had run 75% of its full course.<br /> <br /> ===Race Five: Monaco===<br /> After the chaotic Spanish GP, the race at the streets of Monaco was next. Lauda took pole ahead of the Shadow of [[Tom Pryce]], with Pryce's teammate Jarier third. Rain before the race meant that the it was started on a damp track. Lauda took off into the lead and Jarier climbed up to second but crashed on the first lap. Peterson was up to second, and Pryce was third. Pryce spun off after 20 laps, giving third to Scheckter. The field soon pitted for dry weather tyres and this shuffled up the order, with Scheckter dropping back after pitting too late. Fittipaldi was up to second behind Lauda, and Pace jumped up to third. That is how it stayed, with Lauda winning, Fittipaldi second and Pace third.<br /> <br /> ===Race Six: Belgium===<br /> The next race took place in Belgium, and Lauda was on pole with Pace with him on the front row, and [[Vittorio Brambilla]] in the [[March Engineering|March]] a surprising third. It was Pace who got the better of Lauda at the start, to lead into the first corner. Pace was leading from Lauda and Brambilla at the end of the first lap, but Brambilla was on the move, and shocked everyone by overtaking both the front-row starters to lead. But this spurred Lauda into action, and after almost immediately passing Pace, he took the lead from Brambilla on the sixth lap. Scheckter was also on the move and was up to second, after passing Brambilla on lap 9. Brambilla held third until he was forced to pit with tyre troubles. Lauda won, becoming the first driver to take two wins this season, with Scheckter second and Reutemann third.<br /> <br /> ===Race Seven: Sweden===<br /> In Sweden, it was Brambilla who took his first career pole, with Depailler second and Jarier third on the grid. The order was unchanged at the start, with Brambilla leading but Reutemann was up to third after three laps. Brambilla continued to lead, whereas second-placed Depailler dropped out of contention with brake problems. Reutemann was up to second, and now took the lead from Brambilla. Brambilla had to pit for new tyres almost immediately. Jarier ran second now, but his engine blew up and this gave the position to Pace until he spun off and retired. Lauda was now second, and towards the end of the race Reutemann began to suffer from oversteer, allowing Lauda to take the lead with 10 laps left. Lauda went on to win, with Reutemann and Regazzoni completing the podium.<br /> <br /> ===Race Eight: Holland===<br /> The first race in the second half of the season took place in Holland, and pole went to Lauda as usual, with teammate Regazzoni alongside, and Hunt's Hesketh third. The race started on a damp track and Lauda took the lead, with Scheckter up to second ahead of Regazzoni. The order was unchanged until the drivers had to pit for dry tyres. Hunt and Jarier pitted early, and their gamble paid off as they were first and second, with Lauda, Scheckter and Regazzoni third, fourth and fifth respectively. Lauda passed Jarier for second midway through the race, and started closing on Hunt. Jarier almost immediately retired with a tyre failure, and Scheckter who inherited third had his engine blow up with just 12 laps left. Hunt held off Lauda to take his first career win, with Regazzoni completing the podium.<br /> <br /> ===Race Nine: France===<br /> France was host to the 9th round of the season, and it was Lauda on pole ahead of Scheckter and Hunt. The top three maintained their starting positions into the first corner. In the early laps, Regazzoni was on a charge, and got up to second on the sixth lap but his engine blew up and he had to retire. Scheckter soon faded away, giving Hunt second. That was how it ended, with Lauda winning to take a large championship lead, Hunt finishing second and Mass third.<br /> <br /> ===Race Ten: Great Britain===<br /> The tenth round was held in Great Britain, and [[Tom Pryce]] took a home pole position, with Pace second and championship leader Lauda third. Pace beat Pryce into the first corner, with Regazzoni third ahead of Lauda. After 10 laps, Regazzoni passed Pryce for second, and soon both of them passed Pace. It soon began to rain, and Regazzoni was pulling away until he spun off, hit a barrier and damaged his rear wing. He rejoined two laps down. Pryce now led, but he crashed out as well, two laps later. Scheckter had meanwhile passed both Lauda and Pace, and he was now leading.<br /> <br /> Scheckter pitted for wet tyres from the lead, and most drivers followed suit. Hunt (after passing Pace) was the leader from Pace and [[Emerson Fittipaldi]] as they had not pitted for dries. Scheckter and Jarier both caught and passed the trio, but the track was drying out, and both had to pit for dries soon after. Hunt began to lose power in his engine, and was passed by Fittipaldi, and then Pace, and even a recovering Scheckter. On lap 56 out of 70, the rain fell again, in a massive shower with the whole field on dries. Nearly all the drivers spun off and crashed, and race was stopped. Only 6 drivers were left (notably Fittipaldi). The race was stopped, and the results were declared on the lap before the storm struck. Fittipaldi was the winner, and Pace and Scheckter, despite crashing out, were given second and third.<br /> <br /> The result meant that Fittipaldi closed within 14 points of Lauda with five races left.<br /> <br /> ===Race Eleven: West Germany===<br /> The drivers had to go to West Germany, in the legendary Nordschleife track, for round 11, and as usual Lauda was on pole, and it was Pace also on the front row, and Scheckter third. At the start, Lauda led from Pace, with Depailler getting third from his teammate Scheckter. Depailler was past Pace early on, but by midway through the race, both drivers were out of contention, Pace retiring with a puncture, and Depailler having to pit after a suspension failure. Lauda continued to lead with Regazzoni up to second, until the latter's engine failed. Lauda then suffered a puncture and had to pit, leaving Reutemann to lead from Hunt and Pryce. Hunt was next to retire, with a wheel hub failure, Pryce took second, but only briefly as he had to back off towards the end with fuel-feed troubles. At the front, Reutemann took his first win of the season, with [[Jacques Laffite]]'s [[Frank Williams Racing Cars|Williams]] second, and Lauda recovering to third.<br /> <br /> ===Race Twelve: Austria===<br /> The Austrian GP had a very large attendance, as Lauda had a chance of getting close to the championship at his home race. Lauda did not disappoint them, as he took pole position, with Hunt second and Fittipaldi third. His chief rival, Reutemann, was only 11th. On one of the warm-up laps, [[Mark Donohue]]'s [[March Engineering|March]] slid off the track after a tyre failure, and hit two marshals. Donohue died two days later, and one of the marshals also died.<br /> <br /> It began to rain just before the race started, but it did not deter Lauda, who led from Hunt and Depailler. Depailler soon dropped back, and it was [[Vittorio Brambilla]] who was up to third. Lauda also began to struggle as the rain became hevier, and Hunt took the lead and Brambilla second on lap 15. Brambilla went to take the lead from Hunt four laps later when they were lapping a backmarker, whereas Pryce passed Lauda for third. Conditions became so bad that the organizers showed the chequered flag early, with Brambilla the winner (he spun off on the slowing down lap and crashed, and drove around to the pits waving to the fans with a badly damaged car), Hunt second and Pryce completing the podium. Only half points were given, as the race was stopped early, just like in Spain.<br /> <br /> ===Race Thirteen: Italy===<br /> The penultimate round was in Italy, and after the cancellation of the Canadian GP, Lauda needed only half a point to be the 1975 world champion. The Ferrari fans were very happy as their team locked out the front row, with Lauda on pole from Regazzoni, and Fittipaldi third. Regazzoni took the lead at the start, with Lauda and Mass following. Soon Reutemann was up to third, but he needed to win to keep any faint hopes alive. However, he was passed by Fittipaldi, and towards the end, Lauda backed off and let Fittipaldi through. It was Regazzoni who won the race, with Fittipaldi second, and Lauda's third was enough to seal the championship.<br /> <br /> ===Race Fourteen: United States===<br /> The final round took place in the US, and it was no surprise that new World Champion Lauda took pole again, with Fittipaldi alongside and Reutemann third. Lauda led into the first corner from Fittipaldi, and it was Jarier in third. Lauda and Fittipaldi drove away from the rest of the field, whereas Jarier retired with a wheel failure one-third into the race. This left Hunt in third, but Mass had other ideas and took the place midway through the race. Lauda went on to win, his fifth of the season, as he signed off in style, with Fittipaldi close behind in second, and Mass also on the podium.<br /> <br /> ==Season review==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 85%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Rnd<br /> ! Race<br /> ! Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Pole Position<br /> ! Fastest Lap<br /> ! Race Winner<br /> ! Constructor<br /> ! Report<br /> |-<br /> ! 1<br /> | {{flagicon|Argentina}} [[Argentine Grand Prix]]<br /> | January 12<br /> | [[Autódromo Oscar Alfredo Gálvez|Buenos Aires]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Jean-Pierre Jarier]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[James Hunt]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Emerson Fittipaldi]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[McLaren]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | [[1975 Argentine Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 2<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Brazilian Grand Prix]]<br /> | January 26<br /> | [[Autódromo José Carlos Pace|Interlagos]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Jean-Pierre Jarier]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Jean-Pierre Jarier]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[José Carlos Pace|Carlos Pace]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Brabham]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | [[1975 Brazilian Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 3<br /> | {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[South African Grand Prix]]<br /> | March 1<br /> | [[Kyalami]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[José Carlos Pace|Carlos Pace]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[José Carlos Pace|Carlos Pace]]<br /> | {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[Jody Scheckter]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | [[1975 South African Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 4<br /> | {{flagicon|Spain|1945}} [[Spanish Grand Prix]]<br /> | April 27<br /> | [[Montjuïc circuit|Montjuïc]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Niki Lauda]]<br /> | {{flagicon|USA}} [[Mario Andretti]]<br /> | {{flagicon|West Germany}} [[Jochen Mass]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[McLaren]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | [[1975 Spanish Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 5<br /> | {{flagicon|Monaco}} [[Monaco Grand Prix]]<br /> | May 11<br /> | [[Circuit de Monaco|Monaco]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Niki Lauda]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Patrick Depailler]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Niki Lauda]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> | [[1975 Monaco Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 6<br /> | {{flagicon|Belgium}} [[Belgian Grand Prix]]<br /> | May 25<br /> | [[Zolder]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Niki Lauda]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Switzerland}} [[Clay Regazzoni]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Niki Lauda]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> | [[1975 Belgian Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 7<br /> | {{flagicon|Sweden}} [[Swedish Grand Prix]]<br /> | June 8<br /> | [[Scandinavian Raceway|Anderstorp]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Vittorio Brambilla]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Niki Lauda]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Niki Lauda]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> | [[1975 Swedish Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 8<br /> | {{flagicon|Netherlands}} [[Dutch Grand Prix]]<br /> | June 22<br /> | [[Circuit Zandvoort|Zandvoort]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Niki Lauda]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Niki Lauda]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[James Hunt]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Hesketh Racing|Hesketh]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | [[1975 Dutch Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 9<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[French Grand Prix]]<br /> | July 6<br /> | [[Paul Ricard Circuit|Paul Ricard]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Niki Lauda]]<br /> | {{flagicon|West Germany}} [[Jochen Mass]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Niki Lauda]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> | [[1975 French Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 10<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[British Grand Prix]]<br /> | July 19<br /> | [[Silverstone Circuit|Silverstone]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Tom Pryce]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Switzerland}} [[Clay Regazzoni]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Emerson Fittipaldi]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[McLaren]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | [[1975 British Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 11<br /> | {{flagicon|West Germany}} [[German Grand Prix]]<br /> | August 3<br /> | [[Nürburgring]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Niki Lauda]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Switzerland}} [[Clay Regazzoni]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Argentina}} [[Carlos Reutemann]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Brabham]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | [[1975 German Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 12<br /> | {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Austrian Grand Prix]]<br /> | August 17<br /> | [[Österreichring]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Niki Lauda]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Vittorio Brambilla]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Vittorio Brambilla]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[March Engineering|March]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | [[1975 Austrian Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 13<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Italian Grand Prix]]<br /> | September 7<br /> | [[Autodromo Nazionale Monza|Monza]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Niki Lauda]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Switzerland}} [[Clay Regazzoni]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Switzerland}} [[Clay Regazzoni]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> | [[1975 Italian Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 14<br /> | {{flagicon|United States}} [[United States Grand Prix]]<br /> | October 5<br /> | [[Watkins Glen International|Watkins Glen]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Niki Lauda]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Emerson Fittipaldi]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Niki Lauda]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> | [[1975 United States Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==1975 World Championship of F1 Drivers - final standings==<br /> {|<br /> |- valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> |<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 85%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |- valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Pos<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Driver<br /> ! [[1975 Argentine Grand Prix|ARG]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Argentina}}<br /> ! [[1975 Brazilian Grand Prix|BRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Brazil}}<br /> ! [[1975 South African Grand Prix|RSA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|South Africa|1928}}<br /> ! [[1975 Spanish Grand Prix|ESP]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Spain|1945}}<br /> ! [[1975 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Monaco}}<br /> ! [[1975 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Belgium}}<br /> ! [[1975 Swedish Grand Prix|SWE]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Sweden}}<br /> ! [[1975 Dutch Grand Prix|NED]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Netherlands}}<br /> ! [[1975 French Grand Prix|FRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|France}}<br /> ! [[1975 British Grand Prix|GBR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|UK}}<br /> ! [[1975 German Grand Prix|GER]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|West Germany}}<br /> ! [[1975 Austrian Grand Prix|AUT]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Austria}}<br /> ! [[1975 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Italy}}<br /> ! [[1975 United States Grand Prix|USA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|United States}}<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Pts<br /> |-<br /> ! 1<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Niki Lauda]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| ''1''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''''2'''''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''6'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''64.5'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 2<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Emerson Fittipaldi]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffff&quot;| DNS<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| ''2''<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''45'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 3<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Argentina}} [[Carlos Reutemann]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''37'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 4<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[James Hunt]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| ''2''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''33'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 5<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Switzerland}} [[Clay Regazzoni]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 16<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| ''5''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| ''13''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| ''Ret''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| ''1''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''25'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 6<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[José Carlos Pace|Carlos Pace]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''''4'''''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''24'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 7<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[Jody Scheckter]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 16<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''20'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 8<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|West Germany}} [[Jochen Mass]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| ''3''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''20'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 9<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[Patrick Depailler]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| ''5''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffff&quot;| DNS<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''12'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 10<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Tom Pryce]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''8'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 11<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Vittorio Brambilla]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| ''1''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''6.5'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 12<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[Jacques Laffite]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''6'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 13<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Sweden}} [[Ronnie Peterson]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 15<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 15<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''6'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 14<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Mario Andretti]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 17<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| ''Ret''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''5'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 15<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Mark Donohue]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffff&quot;| DNS<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''4'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 16<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Belgium}} [[Jacky Ickx]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 15<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 17<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Australia}} [[Alan Jones (racing driver)|Alan Jones]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 16<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 18<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[Jean-Pierre Jarier]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffff&quot;| '''DNS'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''''Ret'''''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''1.5'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 19<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Tony Brise]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 15<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 15<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 20<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Netherlands}} [[Gijs van Lennep]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 15<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 21<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Lella Lombardi]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 18<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 17<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffff&quot;| DNS <br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0.5'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|West Germany}} [[Rolf Stommelen]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 16<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[John Watson (racing driver)|John Watson]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#000000&quot; style=&quot;color: white&quot;| DSQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 16<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Harald Ertl]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|West Germany}} [[Hans-Joachim Stuck]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Bob Evans (race driver)|Bob Evans]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 15<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 17<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Wilson Fittipaldi]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 17<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 19<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Graham Hill]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Brett Lunger]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Sweden}} [[Torsten Palm]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |<br /> |<br /> | <br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Arturo Merzario]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[Guy Tunmer]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|New Zealand}} [[Chris Amon]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[Ian Scheckter]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[Jean-Pierre Jabouille]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Jim Crawford (driver)|Jim Crawford]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[Eddie Keizan]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[Dave Charlton]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Damien Magee]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Renzo Zorzi]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Brian Henton]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 16<br /> |<br /> | DNS<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|New Zealand}} [[John Nicholson (racing driver)|John Nicholson]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 17<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Dave Morgan (racing driver)|Dave Morgan]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 18<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Netherlands}} [[Roelof Wunderink]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[François Migault]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffff&quot;| DNS<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Mike Wilds]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Australia}} [[Vern Schuppan]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Ian Ashley]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffff&quot;| DNS<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Switzerland}} [[Jo Vonlanthen]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[Michel Leclère]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Japan}} [[Hiroshi Fushida]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |DNS<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Tony Trimmer]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> |- valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Pos<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Driver<br /> ! [[1975 Argentine Grand Prix|ARG]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Argentina}}<br /> ! [[1975 Brazilian Grand Prix|BRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Brazil}}<br /> ! [[1975 South African Grand Prix|RSA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|South Africa|1928}}<br /> ! [[1975 Spanish Grand Prix|ESP]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Spain|1945}}<br /> ! [[1975 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Monaco}}<br /> ! [[1975 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Belgium}}<br /> ! [[1975 Swedish Grand Prix|SWE]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Sweden}}<br /> ! [[1975 Dutch Grand Prix|NED]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Netherlands}}<br /> ! [[1975 French Grand Prix|FRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|France}}<br /> ! [[1975 British Grand Prix|GBR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|UK}}<br /> ! [[1975 German Grand Prix|GER]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|West Germany}}<br /> ! [[1975 Austrian Grand Prix|AUT]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Austria}}<br /> ! [[1975 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Italy}}<br /> ! [[1975 United States Grand Prix|USA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|United States}}<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Pts<br /> |}<br /> |valign=&quot;top&quot;|<br /> {{F1 driver results legend 2}}<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==1975 International Cup for F1 Manufacturers - final standings==<br /> [[File:Ferrari 312T 1975.jpg|thumb|Ferrari won the 1975 International Cup for F1 Manufacturers with the 312B3 and the 312T (pictured)]]<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 85%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |- valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;|Pos<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;|Constructor<br /> ! [[1975 Argentine Grand Prix|ARG]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Argentina}}<br /> ! [[1975 Brazilian Grand Prix|BRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Brazil}}<br /> ! [[1975 South African Grand Prix|RSA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|South Africa|1928}}<br /> ! [[1975 Spanish Grand Prix|ESP]]‡&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Spain|1945}}<br /> ! [[1975 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Monaco}}<br /> ! [[1975 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Belgium}}<br /> ! [[1975 Swedish Grand Prix|SWE]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Sweden}}<br /> ! [[1975 Dutch Grand Prix|NED]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Netherlands}}<br /> ! [[1975 French Grand Prix|FRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|France}}<br /> ! [[1975 British Grand Prix|GBR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|UK}}<br /> ! [[1975 German Grand Prix|GER]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|West Germany}}<br /> ! [[1975 Austrian Grand Prix|AUT]]‡&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Austria}}<br /> ! [[1975 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Italy}}<br /> ! [[1975 United States Grand Prix|USA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|United States}}<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;|Pts&lt;ref name=&quot;points&quot;&gt;Only the best 6 results from the first 7 races and the best 6 results from the last 7 races counted towards the Championship. Numbers without parentheses are Championship points; numbers in parentheses are total points scored.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> ! 1<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''4'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''4'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''5'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''6'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''72.5'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 2<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Brabham]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''4'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''4'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''54 (56)'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 3<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[McLaren]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''6'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''4'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''53'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 4<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Hesketh Racing|Hesketh]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''6'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''4'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''5'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''4'''<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''33'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 5<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''5'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''5'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''6'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''6'''<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''25'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 6<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Shadow Racing Cars|Shadow]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''4'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''6'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''6'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''4'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''6'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''9.5'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 7<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''4'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 15<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 16<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''5'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''5'''<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''9'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 8<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[March Engineering|March]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''5'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 18<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''5'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''7.5'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 9<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Frank Williams Racing Cars|Williams]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffff&quot;| DNS<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''6'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 10<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Parnelli]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 17<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''4'''<br /> | <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''5'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''5'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 11<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Hill (constructor)|Hill]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | <br /> | <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7 <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''6'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''5'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 15<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 12<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Penske Racing|Penske]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''5'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 13<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Ensign (racing team)|Ensign]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> | WD<br /> | WD<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 15<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''6'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Surtees]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#000000&quot; style=&quot;color: white&quot;| DSQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 16<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> | <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> | <br /> | <br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[British Racing Motors|BRM]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 15<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 17<br /> | WD<br /> | WD<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | <br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Fittipaldi Automotive|Fittipaldi]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffff&quot;| DNS<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 17<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 19<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffff&quot;| DNS<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Lola Racing Cars|Lola]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |<br /> | <br /> | WD<br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Lyncar]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 17<br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Shadow Racing Cars|Shadow]]-[[Matra]]<br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Maki Engineering|Maki]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffff&quot;| DNS<br /> | <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> | <br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |- valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;|Pos<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;|Constructor<br /> ! [[1975 Argentine Grand Prix|ARG]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Argentina}}<br /> ! [[1975 Brazilian Grand Prix|BRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Brazil}}<br /> ! [[1975 South African Grand Prix|RSA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|South Africa|1928}}<br /> ! [[1975 Spanish Grand Prix|ESP]]‡&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Spain|1945}}<br /> ! [[1975 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Monaco}}<br /> ! [[1975 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Belgium}}<br /> ! [[1975 Swedish Grand Prix|SWE]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Sweden}}<br /> ! [[1975 Dutch Grand Prix|NED]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Netherlands}}<br /> ! [[1975 French Grand Prix|FRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|France}}<br /> ! [[1975 British Grand Prix|GBR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|UK}}<br /> ! [[1975 German Grand Prix|GER]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|West Germany}}<br /> ! [[1975 Austrian Grand Prix|AUT]]‡&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Austria}}<br /> ! [[1975 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Italy}}<br /> ! [[1975 United States Grand Prix|USA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|United States}}<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;|Pts<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> * '''Bold''' results counted to championship.<br /> * ‡ Half points awarded.<br /> <br /> ==Non-Championship race results==<br /> Other Formula One races were also held in 1975, which did not count towards the World Championship. <br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:95%&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Race Name<br /> ! Circuit<br /> ! Date<br /> ! Winning driver<br /> ! Constructor<br /> ! Report<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} X [[Race of Champions (Brands Hatch)|Race of Champions]]<br /> | [[Brands Hatch]]<br /> | March 16<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Tom Pryce]]<br /> | {{flagicon|USA}} [[Shadow Racing Cars|Shadow]]-[[Cosworth]]<br /> | [[1975 Race of Champions|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} XXVII [[BRDC International Trophy]]<br /> | [[Silverstone Circuit|Silverstone]]<br /> | April 13<br /> | {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Niki Lauda]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> | [[1975 BRDC International Trophy|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} XV [[Swiss Grand Prix]]<br /> | [[Dijon-Prenois]]<br /> | August 24<br /> | {{flagicon|Switzerland}} [[Clay Regazzoni]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> | [[1975 Swiss Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===South African Formula One Championship===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:95%&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Race Name<br /> ! Circuit<br /> ! Date<br /> ! Winning driver<br /> ! Constructor<br /> ! Report<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[Cape South Easter Trophy]]<br /> | [[Killarney Circuit|Killarney]]<br /> | February 8<br /> | {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[Dave Charlton]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[McLaren]]-[[Cosworth]]<br /> | [[1975 Cape South Easter Trophy|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[Goldfields 100]]<br /> | [[Goldfields Circuit|Goldfields]]<br /> | March 22<br /> | {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[Ian Scheckter]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell]]-[[Cosworth]]<br /> | [[1975 Goldfields 100|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[Natal Mercury 100]]<br /> | [[Roy Hesketh]]<br /> | March 29<br /> | {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[Ian Scheckter]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell]]-[[Cosworth]]<br /> | [[1975 Natal Mercury 100|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[Brandkop Winter Trophy]]<br /> | [[Brandkop]]<br /> | May 3<br /> | {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[Ian Scheckter]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell]]-[[Cosworth]]<br /> | [[1975 Brandkop Winter Trophy|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[South African Republic Trophy]]<br /> | [[Kyalami]]<br /> | May 31<br /> | {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[Ian Scheckter]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell]]-[[Cosworth]]<br /> | [[1975 South African Republic Trophy|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[False Bay 100]]<br /> | [[Killarney Circuit|Killarney]]<br /> | July 5<br /> | {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[Guy Tunmer]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[Cosworth]]<br /> | [[1975 False Bay 100|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[Rand Winter Trophy]]<br /> | [[Kyalami]]<br /> | July 26<br /> | {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[Ian Scheckter]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell]]-[[Cosworth]]<br /> | [[1975 Rand Winter Trophy|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[Natal Spring Trophy]]<br /> | [[Roy Hesketh]]<br /> | September 1<br /> | {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[Dave Charlton]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[McLaren]]-[[Cosworth]]<br /> | [[1975 Natal Spring Trophy|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[Rand Spring Trophy]]<br /> | [[Kyalami]]<br /> | October 4<br /> | {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[Ian Scheckter]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell]]-[[Cosworth]]<br /> | [[1975 Rand Spring Trophy|Report]]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Notes==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> {{Formula One Championship}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Formula One seasons]]<br /> [[Category:1975 in Formula One| ]]</div> Tulumino https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1975_Formula_One_season&diff=543248622 1975 Formula One season 2013-03-10T17:21:12Z <p>Tulumino: /* Drivers and constructors */ see http://www.formula1.com/results/driver/1975/339.html</p> <hr /> <div>{{F1 season | year = 1975}}<br /> [[File:Anefo 928-0040, Niki Lauda, Zandvoort, 20-06-1975.jpg|thumb|Austrian Niki Lauda won the 1975 World Championship of F1 Drivers]]<br /> [[File:Emerson Fittipaldi McLaren M23 1974 Britain.jpg|thumb|Emerson Fittipaldi (McLaren M23 Ford)placed second in the 1975 World Championship of F1 Drivers]]<br /> The '''1975 Formula One season''' was the 26th season of [[FIA]] [[Formula One]] motor racing. It featured the 1975 World Championship of F1 Drivers &lt;ref&gt;1976 FIA Yearbook, Grey section, page 90&lt;/ref&gt; and the 1975 International Cup for F1 Manufacturers &lt;ref&gt;1976 FIA Yearbook, Grey section, page 91&lt;/ref&gt; which were contested concurrently from January 12 to October 5 over fourteen races. The season also included three non-championship Formula One races and a nine race South African Formula One Championship.<br /> <br /> After a strong finish to the 1974 season, many observers felt the Brabham team were favourites to win the 1975 title. The year started well, with an emotional first win for [[José Carlos Pace|Carlos Pace]] at the [[Autódromo José Carlos Pace|Interlagos]] circuit in his native [[São Paulo]]. However, over the season tyre wear frequently slowed the cars, and the initial promise was not maintained.&lt;ref&gt;Gill, Barrie (1976) &quot;The World Championship 1975&quot; ''[[John Player &amp; Sons|John Player]] Motorsport yearbook 1976'' p. 103 Queen Anne Press Ltd. ISBN 0-362-00254-1&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Niki Lauda]] often refers to 1975 as &quot;the unbelievable year&quot;. In his second year with [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]], the team provided him with the [[Ferrari 312T]] - a car that was technically far superior to any of the competition. He won his first world title with 5 wins and a huge margin over second place in the championship.<br /> <br /> American [[Mark Donohue]] died during practice for the [[1975 Austrian Grand Prix|Austrian Grand Prix]].<br /> <br /> ==Drivers and constructors==<br /> The following drivers and constructors and contested the 1975 World Championship of F1 Drivers and the 1975 International Cup for F1 Manufacturers. <br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 85%&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Entrant<br /> ! Constructor<br /> ! Chassis<br /> ! Engine<br /> ! Tyre<br /> ! No<br /> ! Driver<br /> ! Rounds<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[McLaren|Marlboro Team McLaren]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[McLaren]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[McLaren M23|M23]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 1<br /> | {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Emerson Fittipaldi]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> | 2<br /> | {{flagicon|FRG}} [[Jochen Mass]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Tyrrell Racing|Elf Team Tyrrell]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| [[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| [[Tyrrell 007|007]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 3<br /> | {{flagicon|RSA|1928}} [[Jody Scheckter]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> | 4<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Patrick Depailler]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 15<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Jean-Pierre Jabouille]]<br /> | 9<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Michel Leclère]]<br /> | 14<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;6&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Team Lotus|John Player Team Lotus]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;6&quot;| [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;6&quot;| [[Lotus 72E|72E]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;6&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;6&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> |5<br /> | {{flagicon|SWE}} [[Ronnie Peterson]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| 6<br /> | {{flagicon|BEL}} [[Jacky Ickx]]<br /> | 1-9<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Jim Crawford (racing driver)|Jim Crawford]]<br /> | 10, 13<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[John Watson (racing driver)|John Watson]]<br /> | 11<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Brian Henton]]<br /> | 12, 14<br /> |-<br /> |15<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Brian Henton]]<br /> | 10<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Martini Racing]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Brabham]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Brabham BT44B|BT44B]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 7<br /> | {{flagicon|ARG}} [[Carlos Reutemann]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> | 8<br /> | {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Carlos Pace]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} Beta [[March Engineering|Team March]]&lt;br&gt;{{flagicon|GBR}} [[Lavazza]] [[March Engineering|March]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| [[March Engineering|March]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| [[March 741|741]]&lt;br&gt;[[March 751|751]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 9<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Vittorio Brambilla]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|10<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Lella Lombardi]]<br /> | 3-9<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|FRG}} [[Hans-Joachim Stuck]]<br /> | 10-14<br /> |-<br /> | 29<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Lella Lombardi]]<br /> | 10-13<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Scuderia Ferrari SpA SEFAC]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Ferrari 312B3|312B3]]&lt;br&gt;[[Ferrari 312T|312T]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]] 001/11 3.0 [[Flat-12|F12]]&lt;br&gt;[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]] 015 3.0 [[Flat-12|F12]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 11<br /> | {{flagicon|SUI}} [[Clay Regazzoni]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> | 12<br /> | {{flagicon|AUT}} [[Niki Lauda]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[BRM|Stanley BRM]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[BRM]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[BRM P201|P201]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[BRM]] P200 3.0 [[V12 engine|V12]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 14<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Mike Wilds]]<br /> | 1-2<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Bob Evans (race driver)|Bob Evans]]<br /> | 3-9, 12-13<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Shadow Racing Cars|UOP Shadow Racing Team]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Shadow Racing Cars|Shadow]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Shadow DN3|DN3B]]&lt;br&gt;[[Shadow DN5|DN5]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 16<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Tom Pryce]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 17<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Jean-Pierre Jarier]]<br /> | 1-11, 14<br /> |-<br /> ! [[Shadow Racing Cars|Shadow]]-[[Matra]]<br /> | [[Shadow DN7|DN7]]<br /> | [[Matra]] MS75 3.0 [[V12 engine|V12]]<br /> | 12-13<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Surtees|Team Surtees]]&lt;br&gt;{{flagicon|GBR}} [[Surtees|National Organs Team Surtees]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Surtees]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Surtees TS16|TS16]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> |18<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[John Watson (racing driver)|John Watson]]<br /> | 1-10, 12<br /> |-<br /> | 19<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Dave Morgan (racing driver)|Dave Morgan]]<br /> | 10<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;11&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Frank Williams Racing Cars]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;11&quot;| [[Frank Williams Racing Cars|Williams]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;11&quot;| [[Williams FW|FW]]&lt;br&gt;[[Williams FW04|FW04]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;11&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;11&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> |rowspan=&quot;8&quot;| 20<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Arturo Merzario]]<br /> | 1-6<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Damien Magee]]<br /> | 7<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|RSA|1928}} [[Ian Scheckter]]<br /> | 8<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[François Migault]]<br /> | 9<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Ian Ashley]]<br /> | 11<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|CH}} [[Jo Vonlanthen]]<br /> | 12<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Renzo Zorzi]]<br /> | 13<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Lella Lombardi]]<br /> | 14<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| 21<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Jacques Laffite]]<br /> | 1-3, 5-6, 8-14<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Tony Brise]]<br /> | 4<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|RSA|1928}} [[Ian Scheckter]]<br /> | 7<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;9&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Embassy Hill|Embassy Racing with Graham Hill]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Lola Cars|Lola]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Lola T370|T370]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;9&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;9&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 22<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Graham Hill]]<br /> | 1-3<br /> |-<br /> | 23<br /> | {{flagicon|FRG}} [[Rolf Stommelen]]<br /> | 1-2<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=&quot;7&quot;| [[Embassy Hill|Hill]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;7&quot;| [[Hill GH1|GH1]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| 22<br /> | {{flagicon|FRG}} [[Rolf Stommelen]]<br /> | 3-4, 12-13<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[François Migault]]<br /> | 6<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Vern Schuppan]]<br /> | 7<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Alan Jones (racing driver)|Alan Jones]]<br /> | 8-11<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=3| 23<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[François Migault]]<br /> | 4<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Graham Hill]]<br /> | 5<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Tony Brise]]<br /> | 6-14<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;7&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Hesketh Racing]]&lt;br&gt;{{flagicon|GBR}} [[Hesketh Racing|Warsteiner Brewery]]&lt;br&gt;{{flagicon|GBR}} [[Hesketh Racing|Polar Caravans]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;7&quot;| [[Hesketh Racing|Hesketh]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;7&quot;| [[Hesketh 308|308]]&lt;br&gt;[[Hesketh 308B|308B]]&lt;br&gt;[[Hesketh 308C|308C]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;7&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;7&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 24<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[James Hunt]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=3| 25<br /> | {{flagicon|SWE}} [[Torsten Palm]]<br /> | 5<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|AUT}} [[Harald Ertl]]<br /> | 11 <br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|USA}} [[Brett Lunger]]<br /> | 12-14<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=2| 32<br /> | {{flagicon|SWE}} [[Torsten Palm]]<br /> | 7<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|AUT}} [[Harald Ertl]]<br /> | 12 <br /> |-<br /> | 34<br /> | {{flagicon|AUT}} [[Harald Ertl]]<br /> | 13 <br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} Custom Made Harry Stiller Racing<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Hesketh Racing|Hesketh]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Hesketh 308B|308B]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 25<br /> | {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Alan Jones (racing driver)|Alan Jones]]<br /> | 4<br /> |-<br /> | 26<br /> | {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Alan Jones (racing driver)|Alan Jones]]<br /> | 5-7<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|USA}} [[Vel's Parnelli Jones Racing]]<br /> ! [[Parnelli]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | [[Parnelli VPJ4|VPJ4]]<br /> | [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> | {{Firestone}}&lt;br&gt;{{Goodyear}}<br /> | 27<br /> | {{flagicon|USA}} [[Mario Andretti]]<br /> | 1-5, 7, 9-14<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Penske Racing|Penske Cars]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Penske Racing|Penske]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Penske PC1|PC1]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| 28<br /> | {{flagicon|USA}} [[Mark Donohue]]<br /> | 1-9<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[John Watson (racing driver)|John Watson]]<br /> | 14<br /> |-<br /> ! [[March Engineering|March]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | [[March 751|751]]<br /> | {{flagicon|USA}} [[Mark Donohue]]<br /> | 10-12<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Fittipaldi Automotive|Copersucar-Fittipaldi]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Fittipaldi Automotive|Fittipaldi]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Fittipaldi FD01|FD01]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 30<br /> | {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Wilson Fittipaldi Júnior|Wilson Fittipaldi]]<br /> | 1-12, 14<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Arturo Merzario]]<br /> | 13<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|RSA|1928}} [[Alex Blignaut|Lucky Strike Racing]]<br /> ! [[McLaren]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | [[McLaren M23|M23]]<br /> | [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> | {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 31<br /> | {{flagicon|RSA|1928}} [[Dave Charlton]]<br /> | 3<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;5&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Ensign Racing|HB Bewaking Team Ensign]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;5&quot;| [[Ensign Racing|Ensign]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;5&quot;| [[Ensign N174|N174]]&lt;br&gt;[[Ensign N175|N175]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;5&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;5&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> |rowspan=3| 31<br /> | {{flagicon|NED}} [[Roelof Wunderink]]<br /> | 4-5, 10, 13-14<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|NED}} [[Gijs van Lennep]]<br /> | 8-9, 11<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|NZL}} [[Chris Amon]]<br /> | 12 <br /> |-<br /> | 32<br /> | {{flagicon|NZL}} [[Chris Amon]]<br /> | 13 <br /> |-<br /> | 33<br /> | {{flagicon|NED}} [[Roelof Wunderink]]<br /> | 12<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|RSA|1928}} Lexington Racing<br /> ! [[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | [[Tyrrell 007|007]]<br /> | [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> | {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 32<br /> | {{flagicon|RSA|1928}} [[Ian Scheckter]]<br /> | 3<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} Pinch Plant (Ltd)<br /> ! [[Lyncar]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | [[Lyncar 006|006]]<br /> | [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> | {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 32<br /> | {{flagicon|NZL}} [[John Nicholson (racing driver)|John Nicholson]]<br /> | 10<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|RSA|1928}} Team Gunston<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Lotus 72|72D]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 33<br /> | {{flagicon|RSA|1928}} [[Eddie Keizan]]<br /> | 3<br /> |-<br /> | 34<br /> | {{flagicon|RSA|1928}} [[Guy Tunmer]]<br /> | 3<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Maki Engineering]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Maki Engineering|Maki]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Maki F101|F101B]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 35<br /> | {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Hiroshi Fushida]]<br /> | 8, 10<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Tony Trimmer]]<br /> | 11-13<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Race-by-Race==<br /> <br /> ===Race One: Argentina===<br /> The drivers went to Argentina to start the season, and it was [[Jean-Pierre Jarier]] in the [[Shadow Racing Cars|Shadow]] who took pole position with the [[Brabham]]s of [[Carlos Pace]] and [[Carlos Reutemann]] second and third on the grid. However, poleman Jarier could not even start the race because his transmission failed on the parade lap. Home hero Reutemann took the led from teammate Pace, with [[Niki Lauda]]'s [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]] third. <br /> <br /> Pace passed teammate Reutemann to take the lead but then spun off and dropped to seventh. [[James Hunt]] in his [[Hesketh Racing|Hesketh]] soon overtook Lauda and then Reutemann, much to the chagrin of the crowd. By then, reigning world champion [[Emerson Fittipaldi]] in his [[McLaren]] was past Lauda and up to third, and soon took Reutemann for second as well. Fittipaldi closed in on Hunt and took the lead with 18 laps left. Pace recovered to fourth after his spin, but it was to no avail as his engine blew up. Fittipaldi started his title defence with a win, Hunt was a superb second, and Reutemann third in front of his home crowd.<br /> <br /> ===Race Two: Brazil===<br /> The second round was in Brazil, and Jarier took pole position again with Fittipaldi alongside and Reutemann third. Reutemann, just like in Argentina, took the lead at the start from Jarier and Pace was up to third, whereas home driver Fittipaldi dropped to seventh. Jarier retook the lead from Reutemann on lap 5 and then pulled away. Reutemann struggled with handling issues and dropped well down the order then, with Pace up to second, [[Clay Regazzoni]]'s [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]] third and Fittipaldi recovering to fourth. Jarier's engine stopped with seven laps left and Pace took the lead. Regazzoni was up to second but dropped behind Fittipaldi and [[Jochen Mass]] in the second [[McLaren]] as he too suffered handling issues. Pace took a home victory, with countryman Fittipaldi second and Mass third.<br /> <br /> ===Race Three: South Africa===<br /> A month after the Brazilian race, the field went to South Africa and Pace followed up his win with pole, with Reutemann alongside as Braham locked out the front row, and home hero [[Jody Scheckter]] was third in the [[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell]]. Pace led at the start, with Scheckter second, and [[Ronnie Peterson]] in his [[Team Lotus|Lotus]] jumped up from eighth to take third. However, the Swede did not have the pace of the front runners and dropped back down the order. Scheckter took the lead from Pace on the third lap, to the delight to the fans. Pace kept second until he struggled with tyres and was passed by Reutemann and the second Tyrrell of [[Patrick Depailler]]. Scheckter took an emotional home victory, with Reutemann and Depailler completing the podium.<br /> <br /> ===Race Four: Spain===<br /> Nearly two months after the third round, the European season began in Spain. The Grand Prix Drivers Association was not happy with the state of the barriers, which were not bolted properly, and the drivers threatened not to take part. Mechanics from the teams went around the entire circuit to attempt to repair/fasten down the barriers. After work was done on the circuit, the drivers agreed that the circuit was still not safe enough. Reigning world champion and championship leader Emerson Fittipaldi had no intention to race because of the condition of the barriers, and went home on Sunday morning. The organisers of the event then locked the cars and motorhomes inside the circuit confines for breach of contract and threatened to keep them there. This being incompatible with the timeschedule for the next race at Monaco, the teams decided to cater for the organisers wishes and raced anyway.<br /> <br /> The rest of the drivers were there for qualifying, and Ferrari took the front row, with Lauda on pole from Regazzoni, and Hunt third in the Hesketh. There was chaos at the start when [[Mario Andretti]] in his [[Parnelli]] tapped the car of polesitter Lauda, sending it into the sister car of Regazzoni and knocking both Ferraris out of contention. Hunt gratefully took the lead, and Andretti, whose car was undamaged was second. Hunt led until he crashed after spinning on oil on the track, leaving Andretti leading from [[John Watson (racing driver)|John Watson]] in the [[Surtees]] and [[Rolf Stommelen]]'s [[Embassy Hill|Hill]]. Watson then had to pit with a vibration and the leader Andretti retired after a suspension failure sent him into the guardrail. This promoted Pace to second and Peterson to third, but the Swede retired after colliding with backmarker [[François Migault]] while lapping him.<br /> <br /> On lap 26, Stommelen's rear wing broke, and the car bounced into the barriers and flew back onto the road, hitting the barrier on the other side but the momentum of the car was enough for it to fly over the barrier where spectators were watching. The car hit some of them, and five spectators were killed, and Stommelen and other spectators were injured. Pace also crashed while trying to avoid the Hill as it bounced back off the road. The race went on for the moment, with [[Jochen Mass]] passing [[Jacky Ickx]]'s [[Team Lotus|Lotus]] to lead. The organizers stopped the race on lap 30 due to the debris on the track caused my Stommelen's crash. Mass was declared the winner, with Ickx second and Reutemann third. Only half points were awarded as the race was stopped before it had run 75% of its full course.<br /> <br /> ===Race Five: Monaco===<br /> After the chaotic Spanish GP, the race at the streets of Monaco was next. Lauda took pole ahead of the Shadow of [[Tom Pryce]], with Pryce's teammate Jarier third. Rain before the race meant that the it was started on a damp track. Lauda took off into the lead and Jarier climbed up to second but crashed on the first lap. Peterson was up to second, and Pryce was third. Pryce spun off after 20 laps, giving third to Scheckter. The field soon pitted for dry weather tyres and this shuffled up the order, with Scheckter dropping back after pitting too late. Fittipaldi was up to second behind Lauda, and Pace jumped up to third. That is how it stayed, with Lauda winning, Fittipaldi second and Pace third.<br /> <br /> ===Race Six: Belgium===<br /> The next race took place in Belgium, and Lauda was on pole with Pace with him on the front row, and [[Vittorio Brambilla]] in the [[March Engineering|March]] a surprising third. It was Pace who got the better of Lauda at the start, to lead into the first corner. Pace was leading from Lauda and Brambilla at the end of the first lap, but Brambilla was on the move, and shocked everyone by overtaking both the front-row starters to lead. But this spurred Lauda into action, and after almost immediately passing Pace, he took the lead from Brambilla on the sixth lap. Scheckter was also on the move and was up to second, after passing Brambilla on lap 9. Brambilla held third until he was forced to pit with tyre troubles. Lauda won, becoming the first driver to take two wins this season, with Scheckter second and Reutemann third.<br /> <br /> ===Race Seven: Sweden===<br /> In Sweden, it was Brambilla who took his first career pole, with Depailler second and Jarier third on the grid. The order was unchanged at the start, with Brambilla leading but Reutemann was up to third after three laps. Brambilla continued to lead, whereas second-placed Depailler dropped out of contention with brake problems. Reutemann was up to second, and now took the lead from Brambilla. Brambilla had to pit for new tyres almost immediately. Jarier ran second now, but his engine blew up and this gave the position to Pace until he spun off and retired. Lauda was now second, and towards the end of the race Reutemann began to suffer from oversteer, allowing Lauda to take the lead with 10 laps left. Lauda went on to win, with Reutemann and Regazzoni completing the podium.<br /> <br /> ===Race Eight: Holland===<br /> The first race in the second half of the season took place in Holland, and pole went to Lauda as usual, with teammate Regazzoni alongside, and Hunt's Hesketh third. The race started on a damp track and Lauda took the lead, with Scheckter up to second ahead of Regazzoni. The order was unchanged until the drivers had to pit for dry tyres. Hunt and Jarier pitted early, and their gamble paid off as they were first and second, with Lauda, Scheckter and Regazzoni third, fourth and fifth respectively. Lauda passed Jarier for second midway through the race, and started closing on Hunt. Jarier almost immediately retired with a tyre failure, and Scheckter who inherited third had his engine blow up with just 12 laps left. Hunt held off Lauda to take his first career win, with Regazzoni completing the podium.<br /> <br /> ===Race Nine: France===<br /> France was host to the 9th round of the season, and it was Lauda on pole ahead of Scheckter and Hunt. The top three maintained their starting positions into the first corner. In the early laps, Regazzoni was on a charge, and got up to second on the sixth lap but his engine blew up and he had to retire. Scheckter soon faded away, giving Hunt second. That was how it ended, with Lauda winning to take a large championship lead, Hunt finishing second and Mass third.<br /> <br /> ===Race Ten: Great Britain===<br /> The tenth round was held in Great Britain, and [[Tom Pryce]] took a home pole position, with Pace second and championship leader Lauda third. Pace beat Pryce into the first corner, with Regazzoni third ahead of Lauda. After 10 laps, Regazzoni passed Pryce for second, and soon both of them passed Pace. It soon began to rain, and Regazzoni was pulling away until he spun off, hit a barrier and damaged his rear wing. He rejoined two laps down. Pryce now led, but he crashed out as well, two laps later. Scheckter had meanwhile passed both Lauda and Pace, and he was now leading.<br /> <br /> Scheckter pitted for wet tyres from the lead, and most drivers followed suit. Hunt (after passing Pace) was the leader from Pace and [[Emerson Fittipaldi]] as they had not pitted for dries. Scheckter and Jarier both caught and passed the trio, but the track was drying out, and both had to pit for dries soon after. Hunt began to lose power in his engine, and was passed by Fittipaldi, and then Pace, and even a recovering Scheckter. On lap 56 out of 70, the rain fell again, in a massive shower with the whole field on dries. Nearly all the drivers spun off and crashed, and race was stopped. Only 6 drivers were left (notably Fittipaldi). The race was stopped, and the results were declared on the lap before the storm struck. Fittipaldi was the winner, and Pace and Scheckter, despite crashing out, were given second and third.<br /> <br /> The result meant that Fittipaldi closed within 14 points of Lauda with five races left.<br /> <br /> ===Race Eleven: West Germany===<br /> The drivers had to go to West Germany, in the legendary Nordschleife track, for round 11, and as usual Lauda was on pole, and it was Pace also on the front row, and Scheckter third. At the start, Lauda led from Pace, with Depailler getting third from his teammate Scheckter. Depailler was past Pace early on, but by midway through the race, both drivers were out of contention, Pace retiring with a puncture, and Depailler having to pit after a suspension failure. Lauda continued to lead with Regazzoni up to second, until the latter's engine failed. Lauda then suffered a puncture and had to pit, leaving Reutemann to lead from Hunt and Pryce. Hunt was next to retire, with a wheel hub failure, Pryce took second, but only briefly as he had to back off towards the end with fuel-feed troubles. At the front, Reutemann took his first win of the season, with [[Jacques Laffite]]'s [[Frank Williams Racing Cars|Williams]] second, and Lauda recovering to third.<br /> <br /> ===Race Twelve: Austria===<br /> The Austrian GP had a very large attendance, as Lauda had a chance of getting close to the championship at his home race. Lauda did not disappoint them, as he took pole position, with Hunt second and Fittipaldi third. His chief rival, Reutemann, was only 11th. On one of the warm-up laps, [[Mark Donohue]]'s [[March Engineering|March]] slid off the track after a tyre failure, and hit two marshals. Donohue died two days later, and one of the marshals also died.<br /> <br /> It began to rain just before the race started, but it did not deter Lauda, who led from Hunt and Depailler. Depailler soon dropped back, and it was [[Vittorio Brambilla]] who was up to third. Lauda also began to struggle as the rain became hevier, and Hunt took the lead and Brambilla second on lap 15. Brambilla went to take the lead from Hunt four laps later when they were lapping a backmarker, whereas Pryce passed Lauda for third. Conditions became so bad that the organizers showed the chequered flag early, with Brambilla the winner (he spun off on the slowing down lap and crashed, and drove around to the pits waving to the fans with a badly damaged car), Hunt second and Pryce completing the podium. Only half points were given, as the race was stopped early, just like in Spain.<br /> <br /> ===Race Thirteen: Italy===<br /> The penultimate round was in Italy, and after the cancellation of the Canadian GP, Lauda needed only half a point to be the 1975 world champion. The Ferrari fans were very happy as their team locked out the front row, with Lauda on pole from Regazzoni, and Fittipaldi third. Regazzoni took the lead at the start, with Lauda and Mass following. Soon Reutemann was up to third, but he needed to win to keep any faint hopes alive. However, he was passed by Fittipaldi, and towards the end, Lauda backed off and let Fittipaldi through. It was Regazzoni who won the race, with Fittipaldi second, and Lauda's third was enough to seal the championship.<br /> <br /> ===Race Fourteen: United States===<br /> The final round took place in the US, and it was no surprise that new World Champion Lauda took pole again, with Fittipaldi alongside and Reutemann third. Lauda led into the first corner from Fittipaldi, and it was Jarier in third. Lauda and Fittipaldi drove away from the rest of the field, whereas Jarier retired with a wheel failure one-third into the race. This left Hunt in third, but Mass had other ideas and took the place midway through the race. Lauda went on to win, his fifth of the season, as he signed off in style, with Fittipaldi close behind in second, and Mass also on the podium.<br /> <br /> ==Season review==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 85%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Rnd<br /> ! Race<br /> ! Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Pole Position<br /> ! Fastest Lap<br /> ! Race Winner<br /> ! Constructor<br /> ! Report<br /> |-<br /> ! 1<br /> | {{flagicon|Argentina}} [[Argentine Grand Prix]]<br /> | January 12<br /> | [[Autódromo Oscar Alfredo Gálvez|Buenos Aires]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Jean-Pierre Jarier]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[James Hunt]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Emerson Fittipaldi]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[McLaren]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | [[1975 Argentine Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 2<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Brazilian Grand Prix]]<br /> | January 26<br /> | [[Autódromo José Carlos Pace|Interlagos]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Jean-Pierre Jarier]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Jean-Pierre Jarier]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[José Carlos Pace|Carlos Pace]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Brabham]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | [[1975 Brazilian Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 3<br /> | {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[South African Grand Prix]]<br /> | March 1<br /> | [[Kyalami]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[José Carlos Pace|Carlos Pace]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[José Carlos Pace|Carlos Pace]]<br /> | {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[Jody Scheckter]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | [[1975 South African Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 4<br /> | {{flagicon|Spain|1945}} [[Spanish Grand Prix]]<br /> | April 27<br /> | [[Montjuïc circuit|Montjuïc]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Niki Lauda]]<br /> | {{flagicon|USA}} [[Mario Andretti]]<br /> | {{flagicon|West Germany}} [[Jochen Mass]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[McLaren]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | [[1975 Spanish Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 5<br /> | {{flagicon|Monaco}} [[Monaco Grand Prix]]<br /> | May 11<br /> | [[Circuit de Monaco|Monaco]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Niki Lauda]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Patrick Depailler]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Niki Lauda]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> | [[1975 Monaco Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 6<br /> | {{flagicon|Belgium}} [[Belgian Grand Prix]]<br /> | May 25<br /> | [[Zolder]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Niki Lauda]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Switzerland}} [[Clay Regazzoni]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Niki Lauda]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> | [[1975 Belgian Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 7<br /> | {{flagicon|Sweden}} [[Swedish Grand Prix]]<br /> | June 8<br /> | [[Scandinavian Raceway|Anderstorp]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Vittorio Brambilla]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Niki Lauda]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Niki Lauda]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> | [[1975 Swedish Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 8<br /> | {{flagicon|Netherlands}} [[Dutch Grand Prix]]<br /> | June 22<br /> | [[Circuit Zandvoort|Zandvoort]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Niki Lauda]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Niki Lauda]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[James Hunt]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Hesketh Racing|Hesketh]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | [[1975 Dutch Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 9<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[French Grand Prix]]<br /> | July 6<br /> | [[Paul Ricard Circuit|Paul Ricard]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Niki Lauda]]<br /> | {{flagicon|West Germany}} [[Jochen Mass]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Niki Lauda]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> | [[1975 French Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 10<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[British Grand Prix]]<br /> | July 19<br /> | [[Silverstone Circuit|Silverstone]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Tom Pryce]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Switzerland}} [[Clay Regazzoni]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Emerson Fittipaldi]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[McLaren]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | [[1975 British Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 11<br /> | {{flagicon|West Germany}} [[German Grand Prix]]<br /> | August 3<br /> | [[Nürburgring]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Niki Lauda]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Switzerland}} [[Clay Regazzoni]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Argentina}} [[Carlos Reutemann]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Brabham]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | [[1975 German Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 12<br /> | {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Austrian Grand Prix]]<br /> | August 17<br /> | [[Österreichring]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Niki Lauda]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Vittorio Brambilla]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Vittorio Brambilla]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[March Engineering|March]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | [[1975 Austrian Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 13<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Italian Grand Prix]]<br /> | September 7<br /> | [[Autodromo Nazionale Monza|Monza]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Niki Lauda]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Switzerland}} [[Clay Regazzoni]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Switzerland}} [[Clay Regazzoni]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> | [[1975 Italian Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 14<br /> | {{flagicon|United States}} [[United States Grand Prix]]<br /> | October 5<br /> | [[Watkins Glen International|Watkins Glen]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Niki Lauda]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Emerson Fittipaldi]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Niki Lauda]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> | [[1975 United States Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==1975 World Championship of F1 Drivers - final standings==<br /> {|<br /> |- valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> |<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 85%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |- valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Pos<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Driver<br /> ! [[1975 Argentine Grand Prix|ARG]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Argentina}}<br /> ! [[1975 Brazilian Grand Prix|BRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Brazil}}<br /> ! [[1975 South African Grand Prix|RSA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|South Africa|1928}}<br /> ! [[1975 Spanish Grand Prix|ESP]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Spain|1945}}<br /> ! [[1975 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Monaco}}<br /> ! [[1975 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Belgium}}<br /> ! [[1975 Swedish Grand Prix|SWE]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Sweden}}<br /> ! [[1975 Dutch Grand Prix|NED]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Netherlands}}<br /> ! [[1975 French Grand Prix|FRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|France}}<br /> ! [[1975 British Grand Prix|GBR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|UK}}<br /> ! [[1975 German Grand Prix|GER]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|West Germany}}<br /> ! [[1975 Austrian Grand Prix|AUT]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Austria}}<br /> ! [[1975 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Italy}}<br /> ! [[1975 United States Grand Prix|USA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|United States}}<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Pts<br /> |-<br /> ! 1<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Niki Lauda]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| ''1''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''''2'''''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''6'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''64.5'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 2<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Emerson Fittipaldi]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffff&quot;| DNS<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| ''2''<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''45'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 3<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Argentina}} [[Carlos Reutemann]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''37'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 4<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[James Hunt]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| ''2''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''33'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 5<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Switzerland}} [[Clay Regazzoni]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 16<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| ''5''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| ''13''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| ''Ret''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| ''1''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''25'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 6<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[José Carlos Pace|Carlos Pace]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''''4'''''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''24'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 7<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[Jody Scheckter]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 16<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''20'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 8<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|West Germany}} [[Jochen Mass]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| ''3''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''20'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 9<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[Patrick Depailler]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| ''5''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffff&quot;| DNS<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''12'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 10<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Tom Pryce]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''8'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 11<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Vittorio Brambilla]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| ''1''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''6.5'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 12<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[Jacques Laffite]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''6'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 13<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Sweden}} [[Ronnie Peterson]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 15<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 15<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''6'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 14<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Mario Andretti]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 17<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| ''Ret''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''5'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 15<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Mark Donohue]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffff&quot;| DNS<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''4'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 16<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Belgium}} [[Jacky Ickx]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 15<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 17<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Australia}} [[Alan Jones (racing driver)|Alan Jones]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 16<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 18<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[Jean-Pierre Jarier]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffff&quot;| '''DNS'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''''Ret'''''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''1.5'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 19<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Tony Brise]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 15<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 15<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 20<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Netherlands}} [[Gijs van Lennep]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 15<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 21<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Lella Lombardi]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 18<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 17<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffff&quot;| DNS <br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0.5'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|West Germany}} [[Rolf Stommelen]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 16<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[John Watson (racing driver)|John Watson]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#000000&quot; style=&quot;color: white&quot;| DSQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 16<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Harald Ertl]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|West Germany}} [[Hans-Joachim Stuck]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Bob Evans (race driver)|Bob Evans]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 15<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 17<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Wilson Fittipaldi]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 17<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 19<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Graham Hill]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Brett Lunger]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Sweden}} [[Torsten Palm]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |<br /> |<br /> | <br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Arturo Merzario]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[Guy Tunmer]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|New Zealand}} [[Chris Amon]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[Ian Scheckter]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[Jean-Pierre Jabouille]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Jim Crawford (driver)|Jim Crawford]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[Eddie Keizan]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[Dave Charlton]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Damien Magee]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Renzo Zorzi]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Brian Henton]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 16<br /> |<br /> | DNS<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|New Zealand}} [[John Nicholson (racing driver)|John Nicholson]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 17<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Dave Morgan (racing driver)|Dave Morgan]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 18<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Netherlands}} [[Roelof Wunderink]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[François Migault]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffff&quot;| DNS<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Mike Wilds]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Australia}} [[Vern Schuppan]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Ian Ashley]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffff&quot;| DNS<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Switzerland}} [[Jo Vonlanthen]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[Michel Leclère]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Japan}} [[Hiroshi Fushida]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |DNS<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Tony Trimmer]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> |- valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Pos<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Driver<br /> ! [[1975 Argentine Grand Prix|ARG]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Argentina}}<br /> ! [[1975 Brazilian Grand Prix|BRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Brazil}}<br /> ! [[1975 South African Grand Prix|RSA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|South Africa|1928}}<br /> ! [[1975 Spanish Grand Prix|ESP]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Spain|1945}}<br /> ! [[1975 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Monaco}}<br /> ! [[1975 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Belgium}}<br /> ! [[1975 Swedish Grand Prix|SWE]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Sweden}}<br /> ! [[1975 Dutch Grand Prix|NED]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Netherlands}}<br /> ! [[1975 French Grand Prix|FRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|France}}<br /> ! [[1975 British Grand Prix|GBR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|UK}}<br /> ! [[1975 German Grand Prix|GER]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|West Germany}}<br /> ! [[1975 Austrian Grand Prix|AUT]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Austria}}<br /> ! [[1975 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Italy}}<br /> ! [[1975 United States Grand Prix|USA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|United States}}<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Pts<br /> |}<br /> |valign=&quot;top&quot;|<br /> {{F1 driver results legend 2}}<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==1975 International Cup for F1 Manufacturers - final standings==<br /> [[File:Ferrari 312T 1975.jpg|thumb|Ferrari won the 1975 International Cup for F1 Manufacturers with the 312B3 and the 312T (pictured)]]<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 85%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |- valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;|Pos<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;|Constructor<br /> ! [[1975 Argentine Grand Prix|ARG]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Argentina}}<br /> ! [[1975 Brazilian Grand Prix|BRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Brazil}}<br /> ! [[1975 South African Grand Prix|RSA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|South Africa|1928}}<br /> ! [[1975 Spanish Grand Prix|ESP]]‡&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Spain|1945}}<br /> ! [[1975 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Monaco}}<br /> ! [[1975 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Belgium}}<br /> ! [[1975 Swedish Grand Prix|SWE]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Sweden}}<br /> ! [[1975 Dutch Grand Prix|NED]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Netherlands}}<br /> ! [[1975 French Grand Prix|FRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|France}}<br /> ! [[1975 British Grand Prix|GBR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|UK}}<br /> ! [[1975 German Grand Prix|GER]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|West Germany}}<br /> ! [[1975 Austrian Grand Prix|AUT]]‡&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Austria}}<br /> ! [[1975 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Italy}}<br /> ! [[1975 United States Grand Prix|USA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|United States}}<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;|Pts&lt;ref name=&quot;points&quot;&gt;Only the best 6 results from the first 7 races and the best 6 results from the last 7 races counted towards the Championship. Numbers without parentheses are Championship points; numbers in parentheses are total points scored.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> ! 1<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''4'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''4'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''5'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''6'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''72.5'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 2<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Brabham]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''4'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''4'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''54 (56)'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 3<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[McLaren]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''6'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''4'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''53'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 4<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Hesketh Racing|Hesketh]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''6'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''4'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''5'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''4'''<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''33'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 5<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''5'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''5'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''6'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''6'''<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''25'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 6<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Shadow Racing Cars|Shadow]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''4'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''6'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''6'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''4'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''6'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''9.5'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 7<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''4'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 15<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 16<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''5'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''5'''<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''9'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 8<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[March Engineering|March]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''5'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 18<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''5'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''7.5'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 9<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Frank Williams Racing Cars|Williams]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffff&quot;| DNS<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''6'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 10<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Parnelli]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 17<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''4'''<br /> | <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''5'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''5'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 11<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Hill (constructor)|Hill]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''6'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''5'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 15<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 12<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Penske Racing|Penske]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''5'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 13<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Ensign (racing team)|Ensign]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> | WD<br /> | WD<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 15<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''6'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Surtees]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#000000&quot; style=&quot;color: white&quot;| DSQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 16<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> | <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> | <br /> | <br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[British Racing Motors|BRM]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 15<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 17<br /> | WD<br /> | WD<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | <br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Fittipaldi Automotive|Fittipaldi]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffff&quot;| DNS<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 17<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 19<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffff&quot;| DNS<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Lola Racing Cars|Lola]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> | <br /> | WD<br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Lyncar]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 17<br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Shadow Racing Cars|Shadow]]-[[Matra]]<br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Maki Engineering|Maki]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffff&quot;| DNS<br /> | <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> | <br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |- valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;|Pos<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;|Constructor<br /> ! [[1975 Argentine Grand Prix|ARG]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Argentina}}<br /> ! [[1975 Brazilian Grand Prix|BRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Brazil}}<br /> ! [[1975 South African Grand Prix|RSA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|South Africa|1928}}<br /> ! [[1975 Spanish Grand Prix|ESP]]‡&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Spain|1945}}<br /> ! [[1975 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Monaco}}<br /> ! [[1975 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Belgium}}<br /> ! [[1975 Swedish Grand Prix|SWE]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Sweden}}<br /> ! [[1975 Dutch Grand Prix|NED]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Netherlands}}<br /> ! [[1975 French Grand Prix|FRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|France}}<br /> ! [[1975 British Grand Prix|GBR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|UK}}<br /> ! [[1975 German Grand Prix|GER]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|West Germany}}<br /> ! [[1975 Austrian Grand Prix|AUT]]‡&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Austria}}<br /> ! [[1975 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Italy}}<br /> ! [[1975 United States Grand Prix|USA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|United States}}<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;|Pts<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> * '''Bold''' results counted to championship.<br /> * ‡ Half points awarded.<br /> <br /> ==Non-Championship race results==<br /> Other Formula One races were also held in 1975, which did not count towards the World Championship. <br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:95%&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Race Name<br /> ! Circuit<br /> ! Date<br /> ! Winning driver<br /> ! Constructor<br /> ! Report<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} X [[Race of Champions (Brands Hatch)|Race of Champions]]<br /> | [[Brands Hatch]]<br /> | March 16<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Tom Pryce]]<br /> | {{flagicon|USA}} [[Shadow Racing Cars|Shadow]]-[[Cosworth]]<br /> | [[1975 Race of Champions|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} XXVII [[BRDC International Trophy]]<br /> | [[Silverstone Circuit|Silverstone]]<br /> | April 13<br /> | {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Niki Lauda]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> | [[1975 BRDC International Trophy|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} XV [[Swiss Grand Prix]]<br /> | [[Dijon-Prenois]]<br /> | August 24<br /> | {{flagicon|Switzerland}} [[Clay Regazzoni]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> | [[1975 Swiss Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===South African Formula One Championship===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:95%&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Race Name<br /> ! Circuit<br /> ! Date<br /> ! Winning driver<br /> ! Constructor<br /> ! Report<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[Cape South Easter Trophy]]<br /> | [[Killarney Circuit|Killarney]]<br /> | February 8<br /> | {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[Dave Charlton]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[McLaren]]-[[Cosworth]]<br /> | [[1975 Cape South Easter Trophy|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[Goldfields 100]]<br /> | [[Goldfields Circuit|Goldfields]]<br /> | March 22<br /> | {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[Ian Scheckter]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell]]-[[Cosworth]]<br /> | [[1975 Goldfields 100|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[Natal Mercury 100]]<br /> | [[Roy Hesketh]]<br /> | March 29<br /> | {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[Ian Scheckter]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell]]-[[Cosworth]]<br /> | [[1975 Natal Mercury 100|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[Brandkop Winter Trophy]]<br /> | [[Brandkop]]<br /> | May 3<br /> | {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[Ian Scheckter]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell]]-[[Cosworth]]<br /> | [[1975 Brandkop Winter Trophy|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[South African Republic Trophy]]<br /> | [[Kyalami]]<br /> | May 31<br /> | {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[Ian Scheckter]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell]]-[[Cosworth]]<br /> | [[1975 South African Republic Trophy|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[False Bay 100]]<br /> | [[Killarney Circuit|Killarney]]<br /> | July 5<br /> | {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[Guy Tunmer]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[Cosworth]]<br /> | [[1975 False Bay 100|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[Rand Winter Trophy]]<br /> | [[Kyalami]]<br /> | July 26<br /> | {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[Ian Scheckter]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell]]-[[Cosworth]]<br /> | [[1975 Rand Winter Trophy|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[Natal Spring Trophy]]<br /> | [[Roy Hesketh]]<br /> | September 1<br /> | {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[Dave Charlton]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[McLaren]]-[[Cosworth]]<br /> | [[1975 Natal Spring Trophy|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[Rand Spring Trophy]]<br /> | [[Kyalami]]<br /> | October 4<br /> | {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[Ian Scheckter]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell]]-[[Cosworth]]<br /> | [[1975 Rand Spring Trophy|Report]]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Notes==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> {{Formula One Championship}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Formula One seasons]]<br /> [[Category:1975 in Formula One| ]]</div> Tulumino https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1962_Formula_One_season&diff=542424074 1962 Formula One season 2013-03-06T19:41:08Z <p>Tulumino: /* 1962 Drivers Championship final standings */ M Gregory started but withdraw</p> <hr /> <div>{{F1 season | year = 1962}}<br /> The '''1962 Formula One season''' was the 13th season of [[FIA]] [[Formula One]] motor racing. It featured the 1962 World Championship of Drivers and the 1962 International Cup for F1 Manufacturers &lt;ref&gt;FIA Yearbook 1974, Grey Section, pages 118–121&lt;/ref&gt; which were contested concurrently over a nine race series that commenced on May 20 and ended on December 29. The season also included a number of non-championship races for Formula One cars.<br /> <br /> ==Season summary==<br /> Ferrari were completely eclipsed in 1962, partly as a result of internal upheavals, partly because the British teams had made great progress. BRM finally came good with [[Graham Hill]] taking the championship after a season long battle with the revolutionary monocoque Lotus 25 driven by Jim Clark. [[Dan Gurney]] gave Porsche their only grand prix win at Rouen, and Cooper won their last race until 1966. Lola made their first of their sporadic forays into Grand Prix racing, and [[Jack Brabham]] emerged as a constructor, scoring his first points in his own car. [[Stirling Moss]], one of the great drivers, crashed heavily before the championship season began and never raced in a Grand Prix again. Ricardo Rodriguez, age 20 years 123 days, became the youngest driver to score championship points with his fourth place in Belgium, a record which stood for 38 years before [[Jenson Button]], age 20 years 67 days, broke it at the [[2000 Brazilian Grand Prix]].<br /> <br /> Two drivers were to die during this season. Mexican Ricardo Rodriguez during the non-championship Mexican Grand Prix at the Mixhuca circuit, and noted Rhodesian motorcycle rider Gary Hocking during the non-championship Natal Grand Prix at the Westmead Circuit in South Africa.<br /> <br /> ==Season review==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:85%&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Rnd<br /> ! Race<br /> ! Circuit<br /> ! Date<br /> ! Pole position<br /> ! Fastest lap<br /> ! Winning driver<br /> ! Constructor<br /> ! Tyre<br /> ! Report<br /> |-<br /> ! 1<br /> | {{flagicon|Netherlands}} [[Dutch Grand Prix]]<br /> | [[Circuit Zandvoort|Zandvoort]]<br /> | May 20<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[John Surtees]]<br /> | {{flagicon|NZL}} [[Bruce McLaren]]<br /> | {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Graham Hill]]<br /> | {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[BRM]]<br /> | {{Dunlop}}<br /> | [[1962 Dutch Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 2<br /> | {{flagicon|Monaco}} [[Monaco Grand Prix]]<br /> | [[Circuit de Monaco|Monaco]]<br /> | June 3<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Jim Clark]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Jim Clark]]<br /> | {{flagicon|New Zealand}} [[Bruce McLaren]]<br /> | {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Cooper Car Company|Cooper]]-[[Coventry Climax|Climax]]<br /> | {{Dunlop}}<br /> | [[1962 Monaco Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 3<br /> | {{flagicon|Belgium}} [[Belgian Grand Prix]]<br /> | [[Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps|Spa-Francorchamps]]<br /> | June 17<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Graham Hill]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Jim Clark]]<br /> | {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Jim Clark]]<br /> | {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[Coventry Climax|Climax]]<br /> | {{Dunlop}}<br /> | [[1962 Belgian Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 4<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[French Grand Prix]]<br /> | [[Rouen-Les-Essarts]]<br /> | July 8<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Jim Clark]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Graham Hill]]<br /> | {{flagicon|USA}} [[Dan Gurney]]<br /> | {{flagicon|FRG}} [[Porsche in Formula One|Porsche]]<br /> | {{Dunlop}}<br /> | [[1962 French Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 5<br /> | {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[British Grand Prix]]<br /> | [[Aintree Motor Racing Circuit|Aintree]]<br /> | July 21<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Jim Clark]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Jim Clark]]<br /> | {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Jim Clark]]<br /> | {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[Coventry Climax|Climax]]<br /> | {{Dunlop}}<br /> | [[1962 British Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 6<br /> | {{flagicon|West Germany}} [[German Grand Prix]]<br /> | [[Nürburgring]]<br /> | August 5<br /> | {{flagicon|USA}} [[Dan Gurney]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Graham Hill]]<br /> | {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Graham Hill]]<br /> | {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[BRM]]<br /> | {{Dunlop}}<br /> | [[1962 German Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 7<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Italian Grand Prix]]<br /> | [[Autodromo Nazionale Monza|Monza]]<br /> | September 16<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Jim Clark]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Graham Hill]]<br /> | {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Graham Hill]]<br /> | {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[BRM]]<br /> | {{Dunlop}}<br /> | [[1962 Italian Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 8<br /> | {{flagicon|USA}} [[United States Grand Prix]]<br /> | [[Watkins Glen International|Watkins Glen]]<br /> | October 7<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Jim Clark]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Jim Clark]]<br /> | {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Jim Clark]]<br /> | {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[Coventry Climax|Climax]]<br /> | {{Dunlop}}<br /> | [[1962 United States Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 9<br /> | {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[South African Grand Prix]]<br /> | [[Prince George Circuit|Prince George]]<br /> | December 29<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Jim Clark]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Jim Clark]]<br /> | {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Graham Hill]]<br /> | {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[BRM]]<br /> | {{Dunlop}}<br /> | [[1962 South African Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Teams and drivers==<br /> [[File:G._Hill_at_1963_Dutch_Grand_Prix_(2).jpg|thumb|Briton Graham Hill (pictured in 1963) won his 1st driver's championship, driving for BRM]]<br /> [[File:ClarkJim-Lotus19620805.jpg|thumb|Jim Clark (Lotus 25 Coventry Climax) contesting the 1962 German Grand Prix]][[File:HillPhil1962.jpg|thumb|Reigning champion Phil Hill placed sixth in the 1962 World Championship of Drivers]]<br /> The following [[List of Formula One constructors|teams]] and [[List of Formula One drivers|drivers]] competed in the 1962 [[FIA]] [[List of Formula One World Champions|World Championship]].<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 85%&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Entrant<br /> ! Constructor<br /> ! Chassis<br /> ! Engine<br /> ! Tyre<br /> ! Driver<br /> ! Rounds<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;5&quot;| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Scuderia Ferrari]] SpA SEFAC<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;5&quot;| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;5&quot;| [[Ferrari 156|156]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;5&quot;| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]] 178 1.5 [[V6]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;5&quot;| {{Dunlop}}<br /> | {{flagicon|USA}} [[Phil Hill]]<br /> | 1–3, 5–7<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Giancarlo Baghetti]]<br /> | 1, 3, 6–7<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|MEX|1934}} [[Ricardo Rodríguez (racing driver)|Ricardo Rodríguez]]<br /> | 1–3, 6–7<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Lorenzo Bandini]]<br /> | 2, 6–7<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|BEL}} [[Willy Mairesse]]<br /> | 2–3, 7<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Team Lotus]]<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[Coventry Climax|Climax]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Lotus 25|25]]&lt;br&gt;[[Lotus 24|24]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Coventry Climax|Climax]] FWMV 1.5 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Dunlop}}<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Jim Clark]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Trevor Taylor]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Cooper Car Company]]<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[Cooper Car Company|Cooper]]-[[Coventry Climax|Climax]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[Cooper T60|T60]]&lt;br&gt;[[Cooper T55|T55]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[Coventry Climax|Climax]] FWMV 1.5 [[V8 engine|V8]]&lt;br&gt;[[Coventry Climax|Climax]] FPF 1.5 [[Straight-4|L4]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| {{Dunlop}}<br /> | {{flagicon|NZL}} [[Bruce McLaren]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|RSA|1928}} [[Tony Maggs]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|USA}} [[Timmy Mayer]]<br /> | 8<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Brabham|Brabham Racing Organisation]]<br /> ! [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[Coventry Climax|Climax]]<br /> | [[Lotus 24|24]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[Coventry Climax|Climax]] FWMV 1.5 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | {{Dunlop}}<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Jack Brabham]]<br /> | 1–5<br /> |-<br /> ! [[Brabham]]-[[Coventry Climax|Climax]]<br /> | [[Brabham BT3|BT3]]<br /> | 6, 8–9<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[British Racing Partnership|UDT Laystall Racing Team]]<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[Coventry Climax|Climax]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Lotus 24|24]]&lt;br&gt;[[Lotus 18/21|18/21]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Coventry Climax|Climax]] FWMV 1.5 [[V8 engine|V8]]&lt;br&gt;[[Coventry Climax|Climax]] FPF 1.5 [[Straight-4|L4]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| {{Dunlop}}<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Innes Ireland]]<br /> | 1–5, 7–9<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|USA}} [[Masten Gregory]]<br /> | 1, 5<br /> |-<br /> ! [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[British Racing Motors|BRM]]<br /> | [[Lotus 24|24]]<br /> | [[British Racing Motors|BRM]] P56 1.5 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> | {{flagicon|USA}} [[Masten Gregory]]<br /> | 2–4, 7–8<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| {{flagicon|FRG}} [[Porsche|Porsche System Engineering]]<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[Porsche]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[Porsche 804|804]]&lt;br&gt;[[Porsche 718|718]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[Porsche]] 753 1.5 [[Flat-8|F8]]&lt;br&gt;[[Porsche]] 547/6 1.5 [[Flat-4|F4]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| {{Dunlop}}<br /> | {{flagicon|SWE}} [[Jo Bonnier]]<br /> | 1–2, 4–8<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|USA}} [[Dan Gurney]]<br /> | 1–2, 5–8<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|USA}} [[Phil Hill]]<br /> | 8<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| {{flagicon|NED}} [[Ecurie Maarsbergen]]<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Porsche]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Porsche 718|718]]&lt;br&gt;[[Porsche 787|787]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Porsche]] 547/6 1.5 [[Flat-4|F4]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| {{Dunlop}}<br /> | {{flagicon|NED}} [[Carel Godin de Beaufort]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|NED}} [[Ben Pon]]<br /> | 1<br /> |-<br /> ! [[Emeryson]]-[[Coventry Climax|Climax]]<br /> | [[Emeryson 61|61]]<br /> | [[Coventry Climax|Climax]] FPF 1.5 [[Straight-4|L4]]<br /> | {{flagicon|FRG}} [[Wolfgang Seidel]]<br /> | 1<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[British Racing Motors|Owen Racing Organisation]]<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[British Racing Motors|BRM]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[BRM P57|P57]]&lt;br&gt;[[BRM P48/57|P48/57]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[British Racing Motors|BRM]] P56 1.5 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Dunlop}}<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Graham Hill]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|USA}} [[Richie Ginther]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Yeoman Credit Racing|Bowmaker-Yeoman Racing Team]]<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Lola Racing Cars|Lola]]-[[Coventry Climax|Climax]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Lola Mk 4|Mk 4]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Coventry Climax|Climax]] FWMV 1.5 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Dunlop}}<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[John Surtees]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Roy Salvadori]]<br /> | 1–2, 4–9<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} Ecurie Galloise<br /> ! [[Cooper Car Company|Cooper]]-[[Coventry Climax|Climax]]<br /> | [[Cooper T53|T53]]<br /> | [[Coventry Climax|Climax]] FPF 1.5 [[Straight-4|L4]]<br /> | {{Dunlop}}<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Jackie Lewis]]<br /> | 1–2, 4–6<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Rob Walker Racing Team|R.R.C. Walker Racing Team]]<br /> ! [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[Coventry Climax|Climax]]<br /> | [[Lotus 24|24]]<br /> | [[Coventry Climax|Climax]] FWMV 1.5 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> | {{Dunlop}}<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Maurice Trintignant]]<br /> | 2–4, 6–8<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Scuderia Serenissima|Scuderia SSS Republica di Venezia]]<br /> ! [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[Coventry Climax|Climax]]<br /> | [[Lotus 18/21|18/21]]&lt;br&gt;[[Lotus 24|24]]<br /> | [[Coventry Climax|Climax]] FPF 1.5 [[Straight-4|L4]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Dunlop}}<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Nino Vaccarella]]<br /> | 2, 7<br /> |-<br /> ! [[Porsche]]<br /> | [[Porsche 718|718]]<br /> | [[Porsche]] 547/3 1.5 [[Flat-4|F4]]<br /> | 6<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|SUI}} Ecurie Nationale Suisse<br /> ! [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[Coventry Climax|Climax]]<br /> | [[Lotus 21|21]]<br /> | [[Coventry Climax|Climax]] FPF 1.5 [[Straight-4|L4]]<br /> | {{Dunlop}}<br /> | {{flagicon|SUI}} [[Jo Siffert]]<br /> | 2<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Emeryson|Emeryson Cars]]<br /> ! [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[Coventry Climax|Climax]]<br /> | [[Lotus 18|18]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Coventry Climax|Climax]] FPF 1.5 [[Straight-4|L4]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Dunlop}}<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[John Campbell-Jones]]<br /> | 3<br /> |-<br /> ! [[Emeryson]]-[[Coventry Climax|Climax]]<br /> | [[Emeryson 61|61]]<br /> | {{flagicon|USA}} [[Tony Settember]]<br /> | 5, 7<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|BEL}} [[Equipe Nationale Belge]]<br /> ! [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[Coventry Climax|Climax]]<br /> | [[Lotus 18/21|18/21]]<br /> | [[Coventry Climax|Climax]] FPF 1.5 [[Straight-4|L4]]<br /> | {{Dunlop}}<br /> | {{flagicon|BEL}} [[Lucien Bianchi]]<br /> | 3, 6<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| {{flagicon|SUI}} [[Ecurie Filipinetti]]<br /> ! [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[Coventry Climax|Climax]]<br /> | [[Lotus 21|21]]<br /> | [[Coventry Climax|Climax]] FPF 1.5 [[Straight-4|L4]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| {{Dunlop}}<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|SUI}} [[Jo Siffert]]<br /> | 3, 6<br /> |-<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[British Racing Motors|BRM]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Lotus 24|24]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[British Racing Motors|BRM]] P56 1.5 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> | 4, 7<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|SUI}} [[Heinz Schiller]]<br /> | 6<br /> |-<br /> ! [[Porsche]]<br /> | [[Porsche 718|718]]<br /> | [[Porsche]] 547/3 1.5 [[Flat-4|F4]]<br /> | {{flagicon|SUI}} [[Heini Walter]]<br /> | 6<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| {{flagicon|FRG}} [[Wolfgang Seidel|Autosport Team Wolfgang Seidel]]<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[British Racing Motors|BRM]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| [[Lotus 24|24]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| [[British Racing Motors|BRM]] P56 1.5 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> | rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| {{Dunlop}}<br /> | {{flagicon|USA}} [[Dan Gurney]]<br /> | 3<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|FRG}} [[Wolfgang Seidel]]<br /> | 5–6<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|FRG}} [[Gunther Seiffert]]<br /> | 6<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|NZL}} [[Tony Shelly]]<br /> | 7<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} Anglo-American Equipe<br /> ! [[Cooper Car Company|Cooper]]-[[Coventry Climax|Climax]]<br /> | [[Cooper T59|T59]]<br /> | [[Coventry Climax|Climax]] FPF 1.5 [[Straight-4|L4]]<br /> | {{Dunlop}}<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Ian Burgess]]<br /> | 5–7<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|USA}} Ecurie Excelsior<br /> ! [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[Coventry Climax|Climax]]<br /> | [[Lotus 18|18]]<br /> | [[Coventry Climax|Climax]] FPF 1.5 [[Straight-4|L4]]<br /> | {{Dunlop}}<br /> | {{flagicon|USA}} [[Jay Chamberlain]]<br /> | 5–7<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} John Dalton<br /> ! [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[Coventry Climax|Climax]]<br /> | [[Lotus 18/21|18/21]]<br /> | [[Coventry Climax|Climax]] FPF 1.5 [[Straight-4|L4]]<br /> | {{Dunlop}}<br /> | {{flagicon|NZL}} [[Tony Shelly]]<br /> | 5–6<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Gilby Engineering]]<br /> ! [[Gilby Engineering|Gilby]]-[[British Racing Motors|BRM]]<br /> | [[Gilby 62|62]]<br /> | [[British Racing Motors|BRM]] P56 1.5 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> | {{Dunlop}}<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Keith Greene]]<br /> | 6–7<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Bernard Collomb]]<br /> ! [[Cooper Car Company|Cooper]]-[[Coventry Climax|Climax]]<br /> | [[Cooper T53|T53]]<br /> | [[Coventry Climax|Climax]] FPF 1.5 [[Straight-4|L4]]<br /> | {{Dunlop}}<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Bernard Collomb]]<br /> | 6<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[De Tomaso|Scuderia de Tomaso]]<br /> ! [[De Tomaso]]<br /> | [[De Tomaso F1|F1]]<br /> | [[De Tomaso]] 1.5 [[Flat-8|F8]]<br /> | {{Dunlop}}<br /> | {{flagicon|ARG}} [[Nasif Estéfano]]<br /> | 7<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} Scuderia Settecolli<br /> ! [[De Tomaso]]-[[O.S.C.A.|OSCA]]<br /> | [[De Tomaso F1|F1]]<br /> | [[O.S.C.A.|OSCA]] 372 1.5 [[Straight-4|L4]]<br /> | {{Dunlop}}<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Roberto Lippi]]<br /> | 7<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Gerry Ashmore]]<br /> ! [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[Coventry Climax|Climax]]<br /> | [[Lotus 18/21|18/21]]<br /> | [[Coventry Climax|Climax]] FPF 1.5 [[Straight-4|L4]]<br /> | {{Dunlop}}<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Gerry Ashmore]]<br /> | 7<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} Scuderia Jolly Club<br /> ! [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[Coventry Climax|Climax]]<br /> | [[Lotus 18|18]]<br /> | [[Coventry Climax|Climax]] FPF 1.5 [[Straight-4|L4]]<br /> | {{Dunlop}}<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Ernesto Prinoth]]<br /> | 7<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|USA}} [[Penske Racing|Dupont Team Zerex]]<br /> ! [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[Coventry Climax|Climax]]<br /> | [[Lotus 24|24]]<br /> | [[Coventry Climax|Climax]] FWMV 1.5 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> | {{Dunlop}}<br /> | {{flagicon|USA}} [[Roger Penske]]<br /> | 8<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|USA}} [[Hap Sharp]]<br /> ! [[Cooper Car Company|Cooper]]-[[Coventry Climax|Climax]]<br /> | [[Cooper T53|T53]]<br /> | [[Coventry Climax|Climax]] FPF 1.5 [[Straight-4|L4]]<br /> | {{Dunlop}}<br /> | {{flagicon|USA}} [[Hap Sharp]]<br /> | 8<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|USA}} [[Jim Hall (racing driver)|Jim Hall]]<br /> ! [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[Coventry Climax|Climax]]<br /> | [[Lotus 21|21]]<br /> | [[Coventry Climax|Climax]] FPF 1.5 [[Straight-4|L4]]<br /> | {{Dunlop}}<br /> | {{flagicon|USA}} [[Jim Hall (racing driver)|Jim Hall]]<br /> | 8<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|USA}} [[Mecom Racing Team|John Mecom]]<br /> ! [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[Coventry Climax|Climax]]<br /> | [[Lotus 24|24]]<br /> | [[Coventry Climax|Climax]] FPF 1.5 [[Straight-4|L4]]<br /> | {{Dunlop}}<br /> | {{flagicon|USA}} [[Rob Schroeder]]<br /> | 8<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|RSA|1928}} [[Bruce Johnstone (racing driver)|Bruce Johnstone]]<br /> ! [[British Racing Motors|BRM]]<br /> | [[BRM P48/57|P48/57]]<br /> | [[British Racing Motors|BRM]] P56 1.5 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> | {{Dunlop}}<br /> | {{flagicon|RSA|1928}} [[Bruce Johnstone (racing driver)|Bruce Johnstone]]<br /> | 9<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|RSA|1928}} [[Ernie Pieterse]]<br /> ! [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[Coventry Climax|Climax]]<br /> | [[Lotus 21|21]]<br /> | [[Coventry Climax|Climax]] FPF 1.5 [[Straight-4|L4]]<br /> | {{Dunlop}}<br /> | {{flagicon|RSA|1928}} [[Ernie Pieterse]]<br /> | 9<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|Rhodesia and Nyasaland}} [[John Love (racing driver)|John Love]]<br /> ! [[Cooper Car Company|Cooper]]-[[Coventry Climax|Climax]]<br /> | [[Cooper T55|T55]]<br /> | [[Coventry Climax|Climax]] FPF 1.5 [[Straight-4|L4]]<br /> | {{Dunlop}}<br /> | {{flagicon|Rhodesia and Nyasaland}} [[John Love (racing driver)|John Love]]<br /> | 9<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|RSA|1928}} [[Neville Lederle]]<br /> ! [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[Coventry Climax|Climax]]<br /> | [[Lotus 21|21]]<br /> | [[Coventry Climax|Climax]] FPF 1.5 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> | {{Dunlop}}<br /> | {{flagicon|RSA|1928}} [[Neville Lederle]]<br /> | 9<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|RSA|1928}} Otello Nucci<br /> ! [[LDS (automobile)|LDS]]-[[Alfa Romeo in Formula One|Alfa Romeo]]<br /> | [[LDS Mk 1|Mk 1]]<br /> | [[Alfa Romeo in Formula One|Alfa Romeo]] Giulietta 1.5 [[Straight-4|L4]]<br /> | {{Dunlop}}<br /> | {{flagicon|RSA|1928}} [[Doug Serrurier]]<br /> | 9<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|Rhodesia and Nyasaland}} [[Mike Harris (racing driver)|Mike Harris]]<br /> ! [[Cooper Car Company|Cooper]]-[[Alfa Romeo in Formula One|Alfa Romeo]]<br /> | [[Cooper T53|T53]]<br /> | [[Alfa Romeo in Formula One|Alfa Romeo]] Giulietta 1.5 [[Straight-4|L4]]<br /> | {{Dunlop}}<br /> | {{flagicon|Rhodesia and Nyasaland}} [[Mike Harris (racing driver)|Mike Harris]]<br /> | 9<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==1962 Drivers Championship final standings==<br /> <br /> Points towards the 1962 World Championship of Drivers were awarded on a 9–6–4–3–2–1 basis to the first six finishers in each race with the best five race results retained by each driver.<br /> {|<br /> |- valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> |<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 85%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |- valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Pos.<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Driver<br /> ! [[1962 Dutch Grand Prix|NED]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Netherlands}}<br /> ! [[1962 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Monaco}}<br /> ! [[1962 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Belgium}}<br /> ! [[1962 French Grand Prix|FRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|France}}<br /> ! [[1962 British Grand Prix|GBR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|UK}}<br /> ! [[1962 German Grand Prix|GER]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|West Germany}}<br /> ! [[1962 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Italy}}<br /> ! [[1962 United States Grand Prix|USA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|United States}}<br /> ! [[1962 South African Grand Prix|RSA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|South Africa|1928}}<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Pts.<br /> |-<br /> ! 1<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Graham Hill]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| ''9''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| ''1''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| ''1''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''42 (52)'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 2<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Jim Clark]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''''Ret'''''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| ''1''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''''1'''''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''''1'''''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''''Ret'''''<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''30'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 3<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|New Zealand}} [[Bruce McLaren]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| ''Ret''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''27 (32)'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 4<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[John Surtees]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''19'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 5<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Dan Gurney]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffff&quot;| DNS<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''15'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 6<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Phil Hill]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> | <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffff&quot;| DNS<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''14'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 7<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[Tony Maggs]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''13'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 8<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Richie Ginther]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''10'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 9<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Australia}} [[Jack Brabham]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''9'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 10<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Trevor Taylor]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''6'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 11<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Giancarlo Baghetti]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''5'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 12<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Lorenzo Bandini]]<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''4'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 13<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Mexico|1934}} [[Ricardo Rodríguez (Formula One)|Ricardo Rodríguez]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffff&quot;| DNS<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''4'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 14<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Belgium}} [[Willy Mairesse]]<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 15<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Sweden}} [[Joakim Bonnier]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> | <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 16<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Innes Ireland]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 16<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 17<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Netherlands}} [[Carel Godin de Beaufort]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 18<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Masten Gregory]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 19<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[Neville Lederle]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[Maurice Trintignant]]<br /> | <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> | <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Jackie Lewis]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Rhodesia and Nyasaland}} [[John Love (racing driver)|John Love]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Nino Vaccarella]]<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 15<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Belgium}} [[Lucien Bianchi]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 16<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Roger Penske]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[Bruce Johnstone (racing driver)|Bruce Johnstone]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Switzerland}} [[Jo Siffert]]<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Rob Schroeder]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[Ernie Pieterse]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Ian Burgess]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> | <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Tony Settember]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> | <br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[John Campbell-Jones]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |<br /> | <br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Hap Sharp]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Switzerland}} [[Heini Walter]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Jay Chamberlain]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 15<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|West Germany}} [[Wolfgang Seidel]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Roy Salvadori]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffff&quot;| DNS<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|New Zealand}} [[Tony Shelly]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Keith Greene]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffff&quot;| DNS<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Netherlands}} [[Ben Pon]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Switzerland}} [[Heinz Schiller]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[Bernard Collomb]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Timmy Mayer]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[Doug Serrurier]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[Mike Harris (race car driver)|Mike Harris]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|West Germany}} [[Günther Seiffert]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Gerry Ashmore]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Ernesto Prinoth]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Roberto Lippi]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Argentina}} [[Nasif Estéfano]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Jim Hall (racing driver)|Jim Hall]]<br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffff&quot;| DNS<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |- valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Pos.<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Driver<br /> ! [[1962 Dutch Grand Prix|NED]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Netherlands}}<br /> ! [[1962 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Monaco}}<br /> ! [[1962 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Belgium}}<br /> ! [[1962 French Grand Prix|FRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|France}}<br /> ! [[1962 British Grand Prix|GBR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|UK}}<br /> ! [[1962 German Grand Prix|GER]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|West Germany}}<br /> ! [[1962 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Italy}}<br /> ! [[1962 United States Grand Prix|USA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|United States}}<br /> ! [[1962 South African Grand Prix|RSA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|South Africa|1928}}<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Pts.<br /> |}<br /> |valign=&quot;top&quot;|<br /> {{F1 driver results legend 2}}<br /> |}<br /> * Only the best 5 results counted towards the Championship. Numbers without parentheses are Championship points; numbers in parentheses are total points scored.<br /> * ''Italics'' indicate fastest lap <br /> * '''Bold''' indicates pole position<br /> <br /> ==1962 International Cup for F1 Manufacturers – final standings==<br /> Points towards the 1962 International Cup for F1 Manufacturers were awarded on a 9–6–4–3–2–1 basis for the first six places in each race, however only the best placed car from each manufacturer was eligible to score points and only the best five results could be retained by each manufacturer.<br /> [[File:1962-08-05 Joakim Bonnier, Porsche F1-804 (sw).jpg|thumb|Porsche placed fifth in the 1962 International Cup for F1 Manufacturers]]<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 85%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |- valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> ! valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Pos.<br /> ! valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Manufacturer<br /> ! [[1962 Dutch Grand Prix|NED]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Netherlands}}<br /> ! [[1962 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Monaco}}<br /> ! [[1962 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Belgium}}<br /> ! [[1962 French Grand Prix|FRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|France}}<br /> ! [[1962 British Grand Prix|GBR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|UK}}<br /> ! [[1962 German Grand Prix|GER]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|West Germany}}<br /> ! [[1962 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Italy}}<br /> ! [[1962 United States Grand Prix|USA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|USA}}<br /> ! [[1962 South African Grand Prix|RSA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|South Africa|1928}}<br /> ! valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Pts.&lt;ref name=&quot;points&quot;&gt;Only the best 5 results counted towards the Championship. Numbers without parentheses are Championship points; numbers in parentheses are total points scored.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> ! 1<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[British Racing Motors|BRM]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''42 (56)'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 2<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[Coventry Climax|Climax]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''4'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''36 (38)'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 3<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Cooper Car Company|Cooper]]-[[Coventry Climax|Climax]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''29 (37)'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 4<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Lola Racing Cars|Lola]]-[[Coventry Climax|Climax]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''4'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''5'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''5'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''19'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 5<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|FRG}} [[Porsche in Formula One|Porsche]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''6'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''5'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''5'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''18 (19)'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 6<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| '''3'''<br /> | WD<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''6'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''4'''<br /> | WD<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''18'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 7<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Brabham]]-[[Coventry Climax|Climax]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''4'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''4'''<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''6'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 8<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[British Racing Motors|BRM]]<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''6'''<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Emeryson]]-[[Coventry Climax|Climax]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> | WD<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|BEL}} [[Ecurie Nationale Belge|ENB]]-[[Maserati in motorsport|Maserati]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> | <br /> | <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 16<br /> | <br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Gilby Engineering|Gilby]]-[[British Racing Motors|BRM]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> | WD<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[LDS (automobile)|LDS]]-[[Alfa Romeo (Formula One)|Alfa Romeo]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Cooper Car Company|Cooper]]-[[Alfa Romeo (Formula One)|Alfa Romeo]]<br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[De Tomaso]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[De Tomaso]]-[[O.S.C.A|Osca]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> | <br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |- valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> ! valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Pos.<br /> ! valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Manufacturer<br /> ! [[1962 Dutch Grand Prix|NED]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Netherlands}}<br /> ! [[1962 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Monaco}}<br /> ! [[1962 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Belgium}}<br /> ! [[1962 French Grand Prix|FRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|France}}<br /> ! [[1962 British Grand Prix|GBR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|UK}}<br /> ! [[1962 German Grand Prix|GER]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|West Germany}}<br /> ! [[1962 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Italy}}<br /> ! [[1962 United States Grand Prix|USA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|USA}}<br /> ! [[1962 South African Grand Prix|RSA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|South Africa|1928}}<br /> ! valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Pts.<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> * Only the best 5 results counted towards the championship. Numbers without parentheses are championship points; numbers in parentheses are total points scored.<br /> *'''Bold''' results counted to championship totals.<br /> <br /> ==Non-Championship race results==<br /> The following Formula One races which did not count towards the World Championship of Drivers or the International Cup for F1 Manufacturers were also held in 1962.<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:95%&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Race Name<br /> ! Circuit<br /> ! Date<br /> ! Winning driver<br /> ! Constructor<br /> ! Report<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} V [[Cape Grand Prix]]<br /> | [[Killarney Circuit|Killarney]]<br /> | January 2<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Trevor Taylor]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[Coventry Climax|Climax]]<br /> | [[1962 Cape Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|Belgium}} IV [[Brussels Grand Prix]]<br /> | [[Heysel Park|Heysel]]<br /> | April 1<br /> | {{flagicon|BEL}} [[Willy Mairesse]]<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> | [[1962 Brussels Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} III [[Lombank Trophy]]<br /> | [[Snetterton Motor Racing Circuit|Snetterton]]<br /> | April 14<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Jim Clark]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[Coventry Climax|Climax]]<br /> | [[1962 Lombank Trophy|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} XIV [[Lavant Cup]]<br /> | [[Goodwood Circuit|Goodwood]]<br /> | April 23<br /> | {{flagicon|NZL}} [[Bruce McLaren]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Cooper Car Company|Cooper]]-[[Coventry Climax|Climax]]<br /> | [[1962 Lavant Cup|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} X [[Glover Trophy]]<br /> | [[Goodwood Circuit|Goodwood]]<br /> | April 23<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Graham Hill]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[BRM]]<br /> | [[1962 Glover Trophy|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} XXII [[Pau Grand Prix]]<br /> | [[Pau, Pyrénées-Atlantiques|Pau]]<br /> | April 23<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Maurice Trintignant]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[Coventry Climax|Climax]]<br /> | [[1962 Pau Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} VII [[Aintree 200]]<br /> | [[Aintree Motor Racing Circuit|Aintree]]<br /> | April 29<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Jim Clark]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[Coventry Climax|Climax]]<br /> | [[1962 Aintree 200|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} XV [[BRDC International Trophy]]<br /> | [[Silverstone Circuit|Silverstone]]<br /> | May 12<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Graham Hill]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[BRM]]<br /> | [[1962 BRDC International Trophy|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} XX [[Naples Grand Prix]]<br /> | [[Posillipo]]<br /> | May 20<br /> | {{flagicon|BEL}} [[Willy Mairesse]]<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> | [[1962 Naples Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} I [[International 2000 Guineas]]<br /> | [[Mallory Park]]<br /> | June 11<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[John Surtees]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Lola Racing Cars|Lola]]-[[Coventry Climax|Climax]]<br /> | [[1962 International 2000 Guineas|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} XIII [[Crystal Palace Trophy]]<br /> | [[Crystal Palace (circuit)|Crystal Palace]]<br /> | June 11<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Innes Ireland]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[BRM]]<br /> | [[1962 Crystal Palace Trophy|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} III [[Reims Grand Prix]]<br /> | [[Reims-Gueux]]<br /> | July 1<br /> | {{flagicon|NZL}} [[Bruce McLaren]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Cooper Car Company|Cooper]]-[[Coventry Climax|Climax]]<br /> | [[1962 Reims Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|FRG}} XII [[Solitude Grand Prix]]<br /> | [[Solitudering]]<br /> | July 15<br /> | {{flagicon|USA}} [[Dan Gurney]]<br /> | {{flagicon|FRG}} [[Porsche in Formula One|Porsche]]<br /> | [[1962 Solitude Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|SWE}} VIII [[Kanonloppet]]<br /> | [[Karlskoga Motorstadion|Karlskoga]]<br /> | August 12<br /> | {{flagicon|USA}} [[Masten Gregory]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[BRM]]<br /> | [[1962 Kanonloppet|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} I [[Mediterranean Grand Prix]]<br /> | [[Enna-Pergusa]]<br /> | August 19<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Lorenzo Bandini]]<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> | [[1962 Mediterranean Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|Denmark}} III [[Danish Grand Prix]]<br /> | [[Roskildering]]<br /> | August 25–26<br /> | {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Jack Brabham]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[Coventry Climax|Climax]]<br /> | [[1962 Danish Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} IX [[Oulton Park International Gold Cup|Gold Cup]]<br /> | [[Oulton Park]]<br /> | September 1<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Jim Clark]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[Coventry Climax|Climax]]<br /> | [[1962 International Gold Cup|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|Mexico|1934}} I [[Mexican Grand Prix]]<br /> | [[Autódromo Hermanos Rodríguez|Magdalena Mixhuca]]<br /> | November 4<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Jim Clark]] &lt;br&gt; {{flagicon|UK}} [[Trevor Taylor]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[Coventry Climax|Climax]]<br /> | [[1962 Mexican Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} V [[Rand Grand Prix]]<br /> | [[Kyalami]]<br /> | December 15<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Jim Clark]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[Coventry Climax|Climax]]<br /> | [[1962 Rand Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} II [[Natal Grand Prix]]<br /> | [[Westmead Circuit|Westmead]]<br /> | December 22<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Trevor Taylor]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[Coventry Climax|Climax]]<br /> | [[1962 Natal Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Notes==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * [http://www.f1-facts.com/results/season/1962 1962 F1 Results &amp; image galleries at www.f1-facts.com]<br /> * [http://www.sovren.org/competition/rules/fia/FIA%201962.html#Formula%20I 1962 FIA Regulations at www.sovren.org]<br /> <br /> {{Formula One Championship}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:1962 Formula One Season}}<br /> [[Category:1962 in Formula One| ]]<br /> [[Category:Formula One seasons]]</div> Tulumino https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1983_Formula_One_World_Championship&diff=542267394 1983 Formula One World Championship 2013-03-05T21:37:28Z <p>Tulumino: /* 1983 Drivers Championship final standings */ Fabi not qualified</p> <hr /> <div>{{F1 season | year = 1983}}<br /> The '''1983 Formula One season''' was the 34th season of [[FIA]] [[Formula One]] motor racing. It featured the 1983 FIA Formula One World Championship, which commenced on March 13, and ended on October 15 after fifteen races. [[Nelson Piquet]] won the Drivers' Championship,&lt;ref&gt;1983 F1 World Championship for Drivers, 1984 FIA Yearbook, grey section, page 76&lt;/ref&gt; his second Formula One title and the first to be won by a driver using a [[turbocharger|turbocharged]] engine. The Manufacturers Championship was won by [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]].&lt;ref&gt;1983 F1 Manufacturers World Championship, 1984 FIA Yearbook, grey section, page 77&lt;/ref&gt; The season also included a single non-championship Formula One race, the [[Race of Champions (Brands Hatch)|Race of Champions]], which was held at [[Brands Hatch]] and won by defending World Champion [[Keke Rosberg]] in a [[WilliamsF1|Williams]] [[Cosworth DFV|Cosworth]]. This was to be the last Formula One season to include a non-championship race. <br /> <br /> ==Formula One World Championship - Drivers and constructors==<br /> The following drivers and constructors contested the 1983 FIA Formula One World Championship.<br /> [[File:Piquet a Monza 1983.JPG|thumb|Brazilian Nelson Piquet won his 2nd driver's championship, driving for Brabham]]<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 85%&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Entrant<br /> ! Constructor<br /> ! Chassis<br /> ! Engine<br /> ! Tyres<br /> ! No<br /> ! Driver<br /> ! Rounds<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;5&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[WilliamsF1|TAG Williams Racing Team]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[WilliamsF1|Williams]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[Williams FW08C|FW08C]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;5&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 1<br /> | {{flagicon|FIN}} [[Keke Rosberg]]<br /> | 1-14<br /> |-<br /> | 2<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Jacques Laffite]]<br /> | 1-14<br /> |-<br /> | 42<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Jonathan Palmer]]<br /> | 14<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[WilliamsF1|Williams]]-[[Honda Racing F1|Honda]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Williams FW09|FW09]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Honda Racing F1|Honda]] RA163-E 1.5 [[V6]][[Turbocharger|t]]<br /> | 1<br /> | {{flagicon|FIN}} [[Keke Rosberg]]<br /> | 15<br /> |-<br /> | 2<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Jacques Laffite]]<br /> | 15<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Tyrrell Racing|Benetton Tyrrell Team]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Tyrrell 011B|011B]]&lt;br&gt;[[Tyrrell 012|012]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 3<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Michele Alboreto]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> | 4<br /> | {{flagicon|USA}} [[Danny Sullivan]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Brabham|Fila Sport]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Brabham]]-[[BMW in Formula One|BMW]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Brabham BT52|BT52]]&lt;br&gt;[[Brabham BT52B|BT52B]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[BMW M12]]/13 1.5 [[Straight-4|L4]][[Turbocharger|t]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Michelin}}<br /> | 5<br /> | {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Nelson Piquet]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> | 6<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Riccardo Patrese]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[McLaren|Marlboro McLaren International]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[McLaren]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[McLaren MP4/1C|MP4/1C]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| {{Michelin}}<br /> | 7<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[John Watson (racing driver)|John Watson]]<br /> | 1-12<br /> |-<br /> | 8<br /> | {{flagicon|AUT}} [[Niki Lauda]]<br /> | 1-11<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[McLaren]]-[[Techniques d'Avant Garde|TAG]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[McLaren MP4/1E|MP4/1E]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Techniques d'Avant Garde|TAG]] TTE PO1 1.5 [[V6]][[Turbocharger|t]]<br /> | 7<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[John Watson (racing driver)|John Watson]]<br /> | 13-15<br /> |-<br /> | 8<br /> | {{flagicon|AUT}} [[Niki Lauda]]<br /> | 12-15<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|FRG}} [[ATS (wheels)|Team ATS]]<br /> ! [[ATS (wheels)|ATS]]-[[BMW in Formula One|BMW]]<br /> | [[ATS D6|D6]]<br /> | [[BMW M12]]/13 1.5 [[Straight-4|L4]][[Turbocharger|t]]<br /> | {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 9<br /> | {{flagicon|FRG}} [[Manfred Winkelhock]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Team Lotus|John Player Team Lotus]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Lotus 92|92]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| {{Pirelli}}<br /> | 11<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Elio de Angelis]]<br /> | 1<br /> |-<br /> | 12<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Nigel Mansell]]<br /> | 1-8<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[Renault F1|Renault]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Lotus 93T|93T]]&lt;br&gt;[[Lotus 94T|94T]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Renault F1|Renault-Gordini]] EF1 1.5 [[V6]][[Turbocharger|t]]<br /> | 11<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Elio de Angelis]]<br /> | 2-15<br /> |-<br /> | 12<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Nigel Mansell]]<br /> | 9-15<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Renault F1|Equipe Renault Elf]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Renault F1|Renault]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Renault RE30B|RE30B]]&lt;br&gt;[[Renault RE30C|RE30C]]&lt;br&gt;[[Renault RE40|RE40]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Renault F1|Renault-Gordini]] EF1 1.5 [[V6]][[Turbocharger|t]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Michelin}}<br /> | 15<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Alain Prost]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> | 16<br /> | {{flagicon|USA}} [[Eddie Cheever]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[RAM Racing|RAM Racing Team March]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| [[RAM Racing|RAM]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| [[RAM 01|01]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| {{Pirelli}}<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| 17<br /> | {{flagicon|CHL}} [[Eliseo Salazar]]<br /> | 1-6<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|CAN}} [[Jacques Villeneuve (elder)|Jacques Villeneuve, Sr.]]<br /> | 8<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Kenny Acheson]]<br /> | 9-15<br /> |-<br /> | 18<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Jean-Louis Schlesser]]<br /> | 3<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Alfa Romeo in Formula One|Marlboro Team Alfa Romeo]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Alfa Romeo in Formula One|Alfa Romeo]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Alfa Romeo 183T|183T]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Alfa Romeo in Formula One|Alfa Romeo]] 890T 1.5 [[V8 engine|V8]][[Turbocharger|t]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Michelin}}<br /> | 22<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Andrea de Cesaris]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> | 23<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Mauro Baldi]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Equipe Ligier|Equipe Ligier Gitanes]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Equipe Ligier|Ligier]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Ligier JS21|JS21]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Michelin}}<br /> | 25<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Jean-Pierre Jarier]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> | 26<br /> | {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Raul Boesel]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Scuderia Ferrari SpA SEFAC]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Ferrari 126C2B|126C2B]]&lt;br&gt;[[Ferrari 126C3|126C3]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]] 021 1.5 [[V6]][[Turbocharger|t]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 27<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Patrick Tambay]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> | 28<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[René Arnoux]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Arrows Grand Prix International|Arrows Racing Team]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| [[Arrows Grand Prix International|Arrows]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| [[Arrows A6|A6]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 29<br /> | {{flagicon|SUI}} [[Marc Surer]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| 30<br /> | {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Chico Serra]]<br /> | 1, 3-5<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Alan Jones (racing driver)|Alan Jones]]<br /> | 2<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|BEL}} [[Thierry Boutsen]]<br /> | 6-15<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Osella|Osella Squadra Corse]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Osella]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Osella FA1D|FA1D]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| {{Pirelli}}<br /> | 31<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Corrado Fabi]]<br /> | 1-8<br /> |-<br /> | 32<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Piercarlo Ghinzani]]<br /> | 1-4<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Osella]]-[[Alfa Romeo in Formula One|Alfa Romeo]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Osella FA1E|FA1E]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Alfa Romeo in Formula One|Alfa Romeo]] 1260 3.0 [[V12 engine|V12]]<br /> | 31<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Corrado Fabi]]<br /> | 9-15<br /> |-<br /> | 32<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Piercarlo Ghinzani]]<br /> | 5-15<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Theodore Racing|Theodore Racing Team]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Theodore Racing|Theodore]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Theodore N183|N183]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 33<br /> | {{flagicon|COL}} [[Roberto Guerrero]]<br /> | 1-14<br /> |-<br /> | 34<br /> | {{flagicon|VEN|1930}} [[Johnny Cecotto]]<br /> | 1-13<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Toleman|Candy Toleman Motorsport]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Toleman]]-[[Brian Hart Ltd.|Hart]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Toleman TG183B|TG183B]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Brian Hart Ltd.|Hart]] 415T 1.5 [[Straight-4|L4]][[Turbocharger|t]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Pirelli}}<br /> | 35<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Derek Warwick]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> | 36<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Bruno Giacomelli]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Spirit Racing]]<br /> ! [[Spirit Racing|Spirit]]-[[Honda Racing F1|Honda]]<br /> | [[Spirit 201|201]]&lt;br&gt;[[Spirit 201C|201C]]<br /> | [[Honda Racing F1|Honda]] RA163-E 1.5 [[V6]][[Turbocharger|t]]<br /> | {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 40<br /> | {{flagicon|SWE}} [[Stefan Johansson]]<br /> | 9-14<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==FIA World Championship season review==<br /> ===Pre season===<br /> <br /> [[WilliamsF1|Williams]] retained defending world champion [[Keke Rosberg]], but their number two seat, which had been occupied on a temporary basis by both [[Mario Andretti]] and [[Derek Daly]] in {{f1|1982}} after the departure of [[Carlos Reutemann]], was filled for 1983 by [[Equipe Ligier|Ligier]]'s [[Jacques Laffite]]. Ligier also lost [[Eddie Cheever]] to [[Renault F1|Renault]], and replaced them with [[Jean-Pierre Jarier]], signed from [[Osella]], and [[Raul Boesel]], formerly of [[March Engineering|March]].<br /> <br /> Osella filled Jarier's seat with [[Corrado Fabi]], brother of [[Teo Fabi|Teo]], who had raced for [[Toleman]] in 1982. Fabi was joined by fellow Italian debutante [[Piercarlo Ghinzani]], who filled the seat which had been vacant since [[Riccardo Paletti]]'s death in [[1982 Canadian Grand Prix|Canada]].<br /> <br /> The March team united with [[RAM Racing]] and became [[RAM Racing|RAM]] [[March Engineering|March]]. As well as Boesel, [[Rupert Keegan]] was also replaced by the team, who shrunk to just one car, for [[Eliseo Salazar]] of [[ATS (wheels)|ATS]]. The German team were also reduced to one car, run for [[Manfred Winkelhock]] who had driven alongside Salazar in 1982.<br /> <br /> [[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell]] kept [[Michele Alboreto]] as their team leader after the Italian won for the first time at [[1982 Caesars Palace Grand Prix|the last race]] of 1982. They replaced [[Brian Henton]] in the other car with American rookie [[Danny Sullivan]].<br /> <br /> The [[Brabham]], [[McLaren]] and [[Team Lotus|Lotus]] teams all retained both of their 1982 drivers - [[Nelson Piquet]] and [[Riccardo Patrese]] for Brabham, [[John Watson (racing driver)|John Watson]] and [[Niki Lauda]] with McLaren and [[Elio de Angelis]] and [[Nigel Mansell]] at Lotus.<br /> <br /> Lotus would be without team founder [[Colin Chapman]] in 1983 after the legendary team boss' sudden death from a [[Myocardial infarction|heart attack]] on 16 December 1982 at the age of 54. Chapman's right hand man [[Peter Warr]] took over as team manager. Lotus would also change from using the [[Cosworth DFV]] engine to the turbocharged Renault engine during the season after Chapman had secured use of the French engines in late 1982.<br /> <br /> Renault held on to team leader [[Alain Prost]] but lost [[René Arnoux]] to [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]], and poached Cheever from Ligier to replace him. [[Alfa Romeo in Formula One|Alfa Romeo]] also kept their team leader, [[Andrea de Cesaris]], but replaced [[Bruno Giacomelli]] with [[Mauro Baldi]], signed from [[Arrows Grand Prix International|Arrows]].<br /> <br /> Arrows replaced the Italian with [[Chico Serra]], signed from the remnants of the now defunct [[Fittipaldi Automotive|Fittipaldi]] team. [[Marc Surer]] remained as the lead driver.<br /> <br /> Ferrari retained [[Patrick Tambay]], who had replaced [[Gilles Villeneuve]] after his death in [[1982 Belgian Grand Prix|Belgium]], but [[Mario Andretti]] as a replacement for the injured [[Didier Pironi]] was never a permanent solution. That seat was filled by Tambay's compatriot [[René Arnoux]], signed from Renault.<br /> <br /> [[Theodore Racing|Theodore]] broke the trend by expanding from one car to two, but [[Tommy Byrne (racing driver)|Tommy Byrne]], the last of four drivers to drive their car in 1982, was not retained and the seats were filled with two South Americans. Debutante Venezuelan [[Johnny Cecotto]] was joined by [[Roberto Guerrero]], a refugee from the defunct [[Ensign (racing team)|Ensign]] outfit. Toleman, meanwhile, retained [[Derek Warwick]] as their lead driver, but replaced [[Teo Fabi]] with Alfa Romeo's Bruno Giacomelli.<br /> <br /> ===Early season===<br /> <br /> The [[South African Grand Prix]] which had started the 1982 season had been moved to the end of the year, and so the season began in [[1983 Brazilian Grand Prix|Brazil]]. Defending champion [[Keke Rosberg]] did something he had done only once in 1982 and took pole position for the race. However, his race gradually deteriorated from there as he lost the lead early on to [[Nelson Piquet]] and then caught fire during his pitstop. With the fire extinguished, the Finn valiantly fought his way back from ninth to finish second behind Piquet, but was subsequently disqualified for receiving a push start in the pits. This left an unprecedented situation, as the organisers decided not to award second to [[Niki Lauda]], who finished third, as was convention, but to leave the position vacant. As such, only five drivers scored points, and other than Piquet and Lauda, these were Rosberg's teammate [[Jacques Laffite]], whose presence in fourth was a surprise given his 18th place grid slot. [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]] had a difficult race and had a best finish of only fifth with [[Patrick Tambay]], who had started a promising third. The final point went to [[Marc Surer]], whose charge from 20th was equally as impressive as Laffite's, and could well be attributed to his magnificent start, which left him 14th at the end of the first lap.<br /> <br /> The next race was the first of two to be held in the USA, the [[1983 United States Grand Prix West|United States Grand Prix West]], held at [[Long Beach, California]]. Tambay started the race from pole, and he led until lap 25 from Rosberg, who had made easy work early in the race of both the other Ferrari of [[René Arnoux]] and his own teammate. With all of the top six in very close attendance, Rosberg found that he had to pass Tambay or else be passed by Laffite. In a moment of desperation, the Finn charged down the inside of the Ferrari and put both cars into a spin. Tambay was out on the spot, while Rosberg was able to continue, relatively undamaged, and in the lead. However, this did not last long, as Laffite, now even closer than before, attempted to pass his teammate later on the same lap. His attempt punted Rosberg into the wall, and he too was out. [[Jean-Pierre Jarier]]'s [[Equipe Ligier|Ligier]] was also caught up in the trouble, and he was forced into retirement a lap later. Laffite, meanwhile, was able to continue in the lead, and was left to battle with [[Riccardo Patrese]] for the victory. However, by the time the race reached lap 40, the [[McLaren]] pair of [[John Watson (racing driver)|John Watson]] and [[Niki Lauda]] were looking extremely dangerous, despite having started from 22nd and 23rd on the grid. Both Laffite and Patrese were struggling with worn tyres, and were being caught at a vast rate of knots by the McLarens. Patrese attempted to pass Laffite on lap 44 but slid wide, and was passed by both McLarens. They also both found a way past Laffite on the next lap. From there Watson was left to lead home his teammate for a 1-2 victory, and one that still stands as the most places climbed from a lowly grid position to win the race. Patrese looked as though he would hold on for third, but an engine failure three laps from home gifted this position to Arnoux, with Laffite following home, a lap down in fourth. The points were rounded out by Surer, consistent in his Arrows, and the presence of [[Johnny Cecotto]]'s [[Theodore Racing|Theodore]].<br /> <br /> [[Chico Serra]] had been booted out of the second Arrows in order to give a chance to 1980 world champion [[Alan Jones (racing driver)|Alan Jones]], but the Australian's return to F1 was unsuccessful, and Serra would be back in the car for the next race.<br /> <br /> ===European Spring===<br /> <br /> As the F1 circus headed to Europe, Lauda led the championship despite not having yet won a race. The two winners, Piquet and Watson, were joint second, just one point behind. This meant that McLaren held a commanding lead in the constructors' championship, ten points ahead of Brabham.<br /> <br /> To the great delight of the French fans, the [[1983 French Grand Prix|French Grand Prix]] was dominated by [[Alain Prost]]. The French hero took pole position, victory and fastest lap and led all but three laps of the race. These three were led by Piquet during the pitstops, and he eventually finished second to reclaim his championship lead. [[Eddie Cheever]] came home third in the second [[Renault F1|Renault]] to complete a brilliant day for the home fans. Tambay was fourth in front of his home crowd, and Rosberg finally managed to get some points on the board with fifth place, followed home by teammate Laffite. Piquet now led the championship by five points from Lauda, with Watson and Prost just one further point behind. McLaren's lead in the constructors' championship had been severely narrowed by their failure to score, and Brabham were now just four points behind, with Renault also in close attendance.<br /> <br /> The only driver change was at [[RAM Racing|RAM]], who decided to run a second car for local boy [[Jean-Louis Schlesser]], just for his home race. The Frenchman failed to qualify.<br /> <br /> The [[1983 San Marino Grand Prix|San Marino Grand Prix]] was much better than the previous year's race, a farcical result of the [[FISA&amp;ndash;FOCA war]]. In 1983, all the teams were present, but it was still Ferrari that were most at home in their own back yard, and Arnoux took pole, to the delight of the fans. Even better, Tambay surged up from the second row to join him at the head of the pack in the opening laps. The delight for Ferrari was short lived, however, as a local driver, [[Riccardo Patrese]], fought past them both to put his Brabham in the lead. Despite the best efforts of first Arnoux and then Tambay after they swapped places during the pitstops, he stayed there. However, on lap 34, Tambay finally found a way past, and he remained in the lead until the chequered flag, giving Ferrari a win on home ground. Patrese looked set to come home second, but more wretched luck saw him fail to finish once again after an accident in the closing stages. To add to the Italian heartbreak, Prost passed Arnoux in the last five laps to prevent a Ferrari 1-2 finish. Arnoux came home third, however, to make it an all-French podium, leading home the last points scorers: Rosberg, Watson and Surer yet again. Piquet's failure to score due to an engine failure, an all too common occurrence for the Brabham-BMWs, meant that he and Prost were now tied at the top of the standings with Tambay only one point behind. The McLaren pair of Watson and Lauda were also in close attendance. Ferrari seized the lead in the constructors' championship, but were only separated from McLaren and Renault by a total of three points. Brabham's inconsistency saw them slip to fourth, some way behind.<br /> <br /> Prost took his second pole of the year in [[1983 Monaco Grand Prix|Monaco]], almost a second home race for the high number of French drivers in the field. Arnoux completed an all French front row. However, both were passed at the start by a fast starting Keke Rosberg, and as Prost dropped back through the field after a few laps the Finn was left with no serious challengers. Despite the rain, and multiple collisions further down the field, the most notable victim being Arnoux early on, the race was somewhat uneventful for the leaders, and Rosberg led every lap to record his first victory of the year. Jacques Laffite had looked set to record a Williams 1-2, but a gearbox failure continued the Frenchman's run of bad luck. This gave the two remaining podium spots to Piquet and Prost, allowing Piquet to open up a two point lead in the championship. Tambay was fourth, ahead of [[Danny Sullivan]]'s [[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell]] and [[Mauro Baldi]]'s [[Alfa Romeo in Formula One|Alfa Romeo]], neither of whom were frequent visitors to the points. Patrese's bad luck also continued, as he suffered from an electrics problem ten laps from home. Prost remained second in the championship, with Tambay only two further points behind. Rosberg's victory moved him up to fourth, while Ferrari retained their lead in the constructors' championship, two points ahead of Renault, who were in turn two points ahead of Brabham, McLaren and Williams, all on 21.<br /> <br /> Prost took pole yet again at [[Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps|Spa]] for the [[1983 Belgian Grand Prix|Belgian Grand Prix]], although his qualifying performances were not reflected in his points tally at that point in the season. [[Andrea de Cesaris]] leapt into a surprise lead from the second row of the grid, and spent the first twenty laps pulling away from Prost, and looked set for a maiden victory before engine trouble cruelly slowed and finally stopped his Alfa Romeo. This left Prost free to record a victory only briefly challenged by Piquet, who slipped away at the end to fourth. Tambay was second with Cheever third, making it two Renaults on the podium again, while Rosberg and Laffite rounded out the points. This gave Prost a four point lead over Piquet, with Tambay only one further point behind. Renault also assumed the lead in the constructors' championship by five points from Ferrari, with Brabham, Williams and McLaren slipping farther behind.<br /> <br /> Arrows, seemingly determined to get rid of Chico Serra, replaced him for a second time, this time with local rookie [[Thierry Boutsen]]. The Belgian performed well, and kept his drive for the rest of the season.<br /> <br /> ===North American tour===<br /> <br /> The teams then travelled to [[1983 Detroit Grand Prix|Detroit]] for their customary mid season stop off in North America. René Arnoux took pole for what was effectively the US Grand Prix East. This was his second pole of the year, but he was yet to record a victory. This record looked to continue as Piquet jumped into the lead at the start. However, the Frenchman found a way back past the Brabham on lap 10. He held off both Piquet and Rosberg to maintain the lead on the tight track, and looked set for victory when the electrics failed on the Ferrari, leaving Piquet back in the lead again. He wasted no time in moving away from [[Michele Alboreto]]'s Tyrrell, which was well suited to the twisty circuit. However, the Italian was more than happy to inherit Piquet's lead when the Brazilian developed a slow rear puncture, dropping him to fourth. This was Alboreto's second career victory, both of which had come in the United States. Rosberg came home second with Watson third, while Piquet recovered to finish fourth. Laffite was fifth and [[Nigel Mansell]] came home 6th to score [[Team Lotus|Lotus's]] first point of 1983. Prost's failure to score left him just one point ahead of Piquet with Tambay and Rosberg both in close attendance. Renault's lead in the constructors' championship was narrowed to four points, with Williams overtaking Ferrari for second, with only one point separating them.<br /> <br /> The [[1983 Canadian Grand Prix|Canadian Grand Prix]] saw the debut of [[Jacques Villeneuve (elder)|Jacques Villeneuve, Sr.]], brother of the late [[Gilles Villeneuve]]. He was given a debut by RAM at his home Grand Prix, replacing [[Eliseo Salazar]]. He failed to qualify for the race.<br /> <br /> Arnoux took pole again and led for most of the race, his lead only being surrendered during the pit stops. He became the year's seventh victor in eight races as he won for Ferrari for the first time. Patrese had looked set for second before yet another technical failure, this time a gearbox failure, saw him continue to fail to score points in 1983. This left Cheever free to come home second, his best result of the year, with Tambay putting the second Ferrari on the podium in third place. Rosberg, Prost and Watson rounded out the points. Prost held on to his championship lead, now just three points, with Tambay and Piquet joint second. Rosberg was just two farther points behind. Renault and Ferrari now held a joint lead in the constructors' championship, with Williams, Brabham and McLaren all slipping off the pace.<br /> <br /> ===European Summer===<br /> <br /> The teams returned to Europe for the [[1983 British Grand Prix|British Grand Prix]], and Arnoux took his third successive pole position in the Ferrari. He lost the lead to teammate Tambay at the start, and with Prost in third all the top three were French. Prost was the fastest of the three, however, and had passed both Arnoux and Tambay by lap 20. But for pitstops, he remained in the lead until the finish. Piquet also overcame the Ferraris before the end to finish second, with Tambay in third. Mansell took his best result of the year to be the highest home driver in fourth ahed of Arnoux and Lauda. This allowed both Prost and Renault to extend their championship leads. Piquet was now six points behind, with Tambay two points further back. Rosberg was now more than a victory behind. The constructors' championship was becoming a two horse race, with Renault leading Ferrari by three points.<br /> <br /> Although Salazar had been expected to return to the RAM in place of Villeneuve, it was actually Brit [[Kenny Acheson]] who made his debut in the car. He performed well enough to retain the seat for the rest of the season. The race also saw the debut of the [[Honda Racing F1|Honda]]-funded [[Spirit (racing team)|Spirit]] team. The team would run a limited programme in 1983 with a view to running a full season in [[1984 Formula One season|1984]]. [[Stefan Johansson]] would drive the car.<br /> <br /> The next race was the [[1983 German Grand Prix|German Grand Prix]], and Tambay secured Ferrari's fourth consecutive pole position. He lost the lead to Arnoux early on however, and later suffered an engine failure to promote Piquet to second. The Brazilian inherited the lead briefly during Arnoux's pitstop, but the Frenchman could not be stopped and recorded his second victory of the year. A dramatic fire three laps from home prevented Piquet from picking up second, which instead went to a delighted Andrea de Cesaris, collecting some badly needed points for Alfa Romeo. Patrese was third, finally scoring his first points of the year ahead of Prost, Lauda and Watson. Prost therefore extended his points lead to nine points over Piquet, but both Tambay and Arnoux were joining the fight with the Brazilian. Ferrari also reassumed their points lead, three ahead of Renault.<br /> <br /> It was another pole for Tambay and Ferrari in [[1983 Austrian Grand Prix|Austria]], but this time he did manage to hold on to the lead, at least until around the time of the first pitstops, when low oil pressure brought his race to a premature end. This should have allowed teammate Arnoux to pick up the victory, but he was passed by Prost in the closing stages, giving the Renault man a crucial boost in the standings. Piquet came home third with Cheever fourth, Mansell sixth and Lauda rounding out the points. Prost now held a commanding lead over Piquet, with 51 points to 37. Arnoux and Tambay were still just clinging on to the fight. Renault went back into the lead of the constructors' championship, three points ahead of Ferrari.<br /> <br /> Piquet took his first pole of the season at the [[1983 Dutch Grand Prix|Dutch Grand Prix]], and led until lap 41, when Prost attempted to pass his championship rival for the lead. The two collided, and both were out on the spot. This left Arnoux to cruise and collect an easy victory for Ferrari, which surprisingly turned into a 1-2 when Brabham's woes continued and Patrese suffered a problem near the end which dropped him to an eventual 9th. Watson was third, but a race of high attrition allowed for a very unusual top six, with [[Derek Warwick]], [[Mauro Baldi]] and Michele Alboreto rounding out the points. Johansson came home 7th in a very good result for the new Spirit team. Arnoux now moved into second in the championship, eight points behind Prost. Tambay and Piquet were now joint third, 13 points behind the leader. Ferrari's lead in the constructors' championship, however was now 12 points over Renault.<br /> <br /> Piquet's pole ended a run of pole positions by French drivers, which extended back to Tambay's at Long Beach, ten races previous.<br /> <br /> ===Season finale===<br /> <br /> With three races left to run, the teams headed to [[1983 Italian Grand Prix|Italy]] in mid September. [[Autodromo Nazionale Monza|Monza]], ever a Ferrari heartland, saw them lose pole to Patrese, although they were second and third. Piquet jumped both Ferraris to run second behind his teammate in the opening laps, but it did not last long, as electric problems claimed Patrese on lap 3, reliability proving the undoing of Brabham once again. Piquet was then unchallenged for the rest of the race, and came home to record his first victory since the opening race in Brazil, some six months before. Arnoux took second with Cheever third and Tambay fourth. [[Elio de Angelis]] scored his first points of the year with fifth, with Derek Warwick surprisingly scoring points for the second time in a row in sixth. The strong performances of Piquet and Arnoux, coupled with Prost's failure to score, left the championship in a very interesting position with two races left. Prost still led with 51, Arnoux had 49, Piquet 46 and Tambay 40 with 18 points left on the board. Ferrari maintained their lead in front of their home fans, now with 17 points back to Renault.<br /> <br /> [[Theodore Racing|Theodore]] travelled to [[Brands Hatch]] with just one car, with their funds not stretching far enough to allow Johnny Cecotto to race in the last two races. After the race, the team folded completely, and did not appear at all at the last race. The Spirit team would also announced they would not travel to the last race, in preparation for their first full season in 1984.<br /> <br /> The action for the [[1983 European Grand Prix|European Grand Prix]], the second that year to be held in Britain, saw de Angelis take a surprise pole for Lotus. The Italian was jumped at the start by compatriot Patrese, who led until the first pitstops. After this, he slipped away from the pace, and an engine failure for de Angelis gave the lead to Piquet. He led until the finish, becoming the first driver all season to win two consecutive races. Prost fought through for second, with Mansell taking Lotus's first podium of the year with third. De Cesaris was fourth, and Toleman continued their strong finish to the season with both cars in the points, with Warwick ahead of [[Bruno Giacomelli]]. This left both championships in the balance with just one race left. Prost still led, but now by only two points from Piquet. Given extraordinary circumstances, Arnoux could also be champion, but it would require him to win with Prost not scoring and Piquet no higher than fifth. Renault were still 11 points behind Ferrari, but with 15 points available for a 1-2 finish, the championship was still up for grabs.<br /> <br /> Williams had run a third car in the Brands Hatch race, for [[Jonathan Palmer]]. The local boy finished 13th, the only Williams to finish after Rosberg retired with an engine failure and Laffite failed to qualify.<br /> <br /> The season finale was the [[1983 South African Grand Prix|South African Grand Prix]], and Tambay took pole with Piquet the best positioned of the title contenders, in second. Arnoux was fourth with Prost fifth. If the race finished like that, Piquet would be champion. Piquet assumed the lead at the start to further enhance his chances. Prost fought his way up to third, while an early engine failure for Arnoux put him out of the running. With Prost in third and Patrese in second, Piquet's teammate did well to keep Prost behind him and stop him from challenging the Brazilian. However, when Prost's turbo failed on lap 44, Piquet knew all he had to do was finish in the top four. He backed off, and eventually surrendered the lead to Patrese, who was free to take his first win of the season, becoming the season's eighth winner. Piquet also allowed Lauda through into second place, but the Austrian's electrics failed three laps later. De Cesaris also found his way through before the end, though, and was able to secure his second podium of the year for Alfa Romeo. Third for Piquet was enough to secure him his second world championship, while Warwick once again was in the points for Toleman in fourth. Rosberg and Cheever rounded out the points. Only two points separated Piquet and Prost at the end, but the Frenchman was furious, having led the title for most of season. Renault also lost the constructors' championship, with Ferrari securing that title for the second year in succession.<br /> <br /> ==Season review==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 85%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Rnd<br /> ! Race<br /> ! Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Pole Position<br /> ! Fastest Lap<br /> ! Race Winner<br /> ! Constructor<br /> ! Report<br /> |-<br /> ! 1<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Brazilian Grand Prix]]<br /> | March 13<br /> | [[Autódromo Internacional Nelson Piquet|Jacarepaguá]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Finland}} [[Keke Rosberg]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Nelson Piquet]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Nelson Piquet]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Brabham]]-[[BMW in Formula One|BMW]]<br /> | [[1983 Brazilian Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 2<br /> | {{flagicon|United States}} [[United States Grand Prix West]]<br /> | March 27<br /> | [[Long Beach, California|Long Beach]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Patrick Tambay]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Niki Lauda]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[John Watson (racing driver)|John Watson]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[McLaren]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | [[1983 United States Grand Prix West|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 3<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[French Grand Prix]]<br /> | April 17<br /> | [[Paul Ricard Circuit|Paul Ricard]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Alain Prost]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Alain Prost]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Alain Prost]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Renault F1|Renault]]<br /> | [[1983 French Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 4<br /> | {{flagicon|San Marino}} [[San Marino Grand Prix]]<br /> | May 1<br /> | [[Autodromo Enzo e Dino Ferrari|Imola]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[René Arnoux]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Riccardo Patrese]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Patrick Tambay]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> | [[1983 San Marino Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 5<br /> | {{flagicon|Monaco}} [[Monaco Grand Prix]]<br /> | May 15<br /> | [[Circuit de Monaco|Monaco]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Alain Prost]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Nelson Piquet]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Finland}} [[Keke Rosberg]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[WilliamsF1|Williams]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | [[1983 Monaco Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 6<br /> | {{flagicon|Belgium}} [[Belgian Grand Prix]]<br /> | May 22<br /> | [[Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps|Spa-Francorchamps]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Alain Prost]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Andrea de Cesaris]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Alain Prost]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Renault F1|Renault]]<br /> | [[1983 Belgian Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 7<br /> | {{flagicon|United States}} [[Detroit Grand Prix]]<br /> | June 5<br /> | [[Detroit Street Circuit|Detroit]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[René Arnoux]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[John Watson (racing driver)|John Watson]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Michele Alboreto]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | [[1983 Detroit Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 8<br /> | {{flagicon|Canada}} [[Canadian Grand Prix]]<br /> | June 12<br /> | [[Circuit Gilles Villeneuve]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[René Arnoux]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Patrick Tambay]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[René Arnoux]]<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> | [[1983 Canadian Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 9<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[British Grand Prix]]<br /> | July 16<br /> | [[Silverstone Circuit|Silverstone]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[René Arnoux]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Alain Prost]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Alain Prost]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Renault F1|Renault]]<br /> | [[1983 British Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 10<br /> | {{flagicon|West Germany}} [[German Grand Prix]]<br /> | August 7<br /> | [[Hockenheimring]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Patrick Tambay]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[René Arnoux]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[René Arnoux]]<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> | [[1983 German Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 11<br /> | {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Austrian Grand Prix]]<br /> | August 14<br /> | [[Österreichring]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Patrick Tambay]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Alain Prost]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Alain Prost]]<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Renault F1|Renault]]<br /> | [[1983 Austrian Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 12<br /> | {{flagicon|Netherlands}} [[Dutch Grand Prix]]<br /> | August 28<br /> | [[Circuit Zandvoort|Zandvoort]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Nelson Piquet]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[René Arnoux]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[René Arnoux]]<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> | [[1983 Dutch Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 13<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Italian Grand Prix]]<br /> | September 11<br /> | [[Autodromo Nazionale Monza|Monza]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Riccardo Patrese]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Nelson Piquet]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Nelson Piquet]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Brabham]]-[[BMW in Formula One|BMW]]<br /> | [[1983 Italian Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 14<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[European Grand Prix]]<br /> | September 25<br /> | [[Brands Hatch]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Elio de Angelis]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Nigel Mansell]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Nelson Piquet]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Brabham]]-[[BMW in Formula One|BMW]]<br /> | [[1983 European Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 15<br /> | {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[South African Grand Prix]]<br /> | October 15<br /> | [[Kyalami]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Patrick Tambay]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Nelson Piquet]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Riccardo Patrese]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Brabham]]-[[BMW in Formula One|BMW]]<br /> | [[1983 South African Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> *There was originally a race on the calendar called the New York Grand Prix, which was supposed to be held in September. It was to be held on a temporary circuit in Flushing Meadow in the Queens borough of the city; but after certain problems, the event was cancelled 10 weeks before it was due to be held and the European Grand Prix at Brands Hatch replaced it.<br /> <br /> ==1983 Drivers Championship final standings==<br /> {|<br /> |- valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> |<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 85%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |- valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Pos<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Driver<br /> ! [[1983 Brazilian Grand Prix|BRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Brazil}}<br /> ! [[1983 United States Grand Prix West|USW]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|United States}}<br /> ! [[1983 French Grand Prix|FRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|France}}<br /> ! [[1983 San Marino Grand Prix|SMR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|San Marino}}<br /> ! [[1983 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Monaco}}<br /> ! [[1983 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Belgium}}<br /> ! [[1983 Detroit Grand Prix|DET]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|United States}}<br /> ! [[1983 Canadian Grand Prix|CAN]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Canada}}<br /> ! [[1983 British Grand Prix|GBR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|UK}}<br /> ! [[1983 German Grand Prix|GER]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|West Germany}}<br /> ! [[1983 Austrian Grand Prix|AUT]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Austria}}<br /> ! [[1983 Dutch Grand Prix|NED]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Netherlands}}<br /> ! [[1983 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Italy}}<br /> ! [[1983 European Grand Prix|EUR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|UK}}<br /> ! [[1983 South African Grand Prix|RSA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|South Africa|1928}}<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Points<br /> |-<br /> ! 1<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Nelson Piquet]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| ''1''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| ''2''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| ''1''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| ''3''<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''59'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 2<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[Alain Prost]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''''1'''''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| ''1''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| ''1''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''57'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 3<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[René Arnoux]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''5'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| ''1''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| ''1''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''49'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 4<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[Patrick Tambay]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| ''3''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''40'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 5<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Finland}} [[Keke Rosberg]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#000000&quot; style=&quot;color: white&quot;| '''DSQ'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''27'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 6<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[John Watson (racing driver)|John Watson]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| ''3''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#000000&quot; style=&quot;color: white&quot;| DSQ<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''22'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 7<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Eddie Cheever]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''22'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 8<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Andrea de Cesaris]]<br /> | EX<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| ''Ret''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''15'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 9<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Riccardo Patrese]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| ''Ret''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''13'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 10<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Niki Lauda]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| ''2''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#000000&quot; style=&quot;color: white&quot;| DSQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''12'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 11<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[Jacques Laffite]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''11'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 12<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Michele Alboreto]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''10'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 13<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Nigel Mansell]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| ''3''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''10'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 14<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Derek Warwick]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''9'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 15<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Switzerland}} [[Marc Surer]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 17<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''4'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 16<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Mauro Baldi]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 17<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Danny Sullivan]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#000000&quot; style=&quot;color: white&quot;| DSQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |-<br /> ! = &lt;ref&gt;Drivers Championship classifications published in the 1984 FIA Yearbook rank Sullivan and de Angelis equally, in 17th position&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Elio de Angelis]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#000000&quot; style=&quot;color: white&quot;| DSQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 19<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Venezuela}} [[Johnny Cecotto]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNPQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |-<br /> ! = &lt;ref&gt;Drivers Championship classifications published in the 1984 FIA Yearbook rank Cecotto and Giacomelli equally, in 19th position&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Bruno Giacomelli]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Belgium}} [[Thierry Boutsen]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 15<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[Jean-Pierre Jarier]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Chico Serra]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Raul Boesel]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 15<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Sweden}} [[Stefan Johansson]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|West Germany}} [[Manfred Winkelhock]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 15<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#000000&quot; style=&quot;color: white&quot;| DSQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Corrado Fabi]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Piercarlo Ghinzani]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Colombia}} [[Roberto Guerrero]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNPQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 16<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Kenny Acheson]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Jonathan Palmer]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Chile}} [[Eliseo Salazar]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Australia}} [[Alan Jones (racing driver)|Alan Jones]]<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[Jean-Louis Schlesser]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Canada}} [[Jacques Villeneuve (elder)|Jacques Villeneuve, Sr.]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |- valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Pos<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Driver<br /> ! [[1983 Brazilian Grand Prix|BRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Brazil}}<br /> ! [[1983 United States Grand Prix West|USW]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|United States}}<br /> ! [[1983 French Grand Prix|FRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|France}}<br /> ! [[1983 San Marino Grand Prix|SMR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|San Marino}}<br /> ! [[1983 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Monaco}}<br /> ! [[1983 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Belgium}}<br /> ! [[1983 Detroit Grand Prix|DET]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|United States}}<br /> ! [[1983 Canadian Grand Prix|CAN]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Canada}}<br /> ! [[1983 British Grand Prix|GBR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|UK}}<br /> ! [[1983 German Grand Prix|GER]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|West Germany}}<br /> ! [[1983 Austrian Grand Prix|AUT]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Austria}}<br /> ! [[1983 Dutch Grand Prix|NED]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Netherlands}}<br /> ! [[1983 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Italy}}<br /> ! [[1983 European Grand Prix|EUR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|UK}}<br /> ! [[1983 South African Grand Prix|RSA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|South Africa|1928}}<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Points<br /> |}<br /> |<br /> {{F1 driver results legend 2}}<br /> |}<br /> <br /> Championship points were awarded on a 9-6-4-3-2-1 basis to the top six finishers &lt;ref name=Higham&gt;Peter Higham, The Guinness Guide to International Motor Racing, 1995, page 6&lt;/ref&gt; in each race.<br /> <br /> ==1983 Constructors Championship final standings==<br /> [[File:Ferrari 126.JPG|thumb|Ferrari won the Constructor's championship with the [[Ferrari 126C|126C3]]]]<br /> [[File:Renault RE 40 1983 Mulhouse FRA 001.JPG|thumb|Renault placed second with the RE40]]<br /> [[File:BRABHAM BMW BT52 1983.jpg|thumb|Brabham placed third with the [[Brabham BT52|BT52]]-[[BMW]]]]<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 85%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |- valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;|Pos<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;|Constructor<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Car&lt;br /&gt;no.<br /> ! [[1983 Brazilian Grand Prix|BRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Brazil}}<br /> ! [[1983 United States Grand Prix West|USW]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|United States}}<br /> ! [[1983 French Grand Prix|FRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|France}}<br /> ! [[1983 San Marino Grand Prix|SMR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|San Marino}}<br /> ! [[1983 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Monaco}}<br /> ! [[1983 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Belgium}}<br /> ! [[1983 Detroit Grand Prix|DET]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|United States}}<br /> ! [[1983 Canadian Grand Prix|CAN]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Canada}}<br /> ! [[1983 British Grand Prix|GBR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|UK}}<br /> ! [[1983 German Grand Prix|GER]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|West Germany}}<br /> ! [[1983 Austrian Grand Prix|AUT]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Austria}}<br /> ! [[1983 Dutch Grand Prix|NED]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Netherlands}}<br /> ! [[1983 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Italy}}<br /> ! [[1983 European Grand Prix|EUR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|UK}}<br /> ! [[1983 South African Grand Prix|RSA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|South Africa|1928}}<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;|Pts<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=2| 1<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 27<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| ''3''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;right&quot;| '''89'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 28<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''5'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| ''1''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| ''1''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=2| 2<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Renault F1|Renault]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 15<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''''1'''''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| ''1''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| ''1''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;right&quot;| '''79'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 16<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=2| 3<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Brabham]]-[[BMW in Formula One|BMW]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| ''1''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| ''2''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| ''1''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| ''3''<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;right&quot;| '''72'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| ''Ret''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=3| 4<br /> |rowspan=3 align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[WilliamsF1|Williams]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#000000&quot; style=&quot;color: white&quot;| '''DSQ'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |rowspan=3 align=&quot;right&quot;| '''36'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 42<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=2| 5<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[McLaren]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| ''3''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;right&quot;| '''34'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| ''2''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#000000&quot; style=&quot;color: white&quot;| DSQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=2| 6<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Alfa Romeo in Formula One|Alfa Romeo]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 22<br /> | EX<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| ''Ret''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;right&quot;| '''18'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 23<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=2| 7<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;right&quot;| '''12'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#000000&quot; style=&quot;color: white&quot;| DSQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=2| 8<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[Renault F1|Renault]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 11<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;right&quot;| '''11'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 12<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| ''3''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=2| 9<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Toleman]]-[[Hart (racing)|Hart]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 35<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;right&quot;| '''10'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 36<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=2| 10<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Arrows Grand Prix International|Arrows]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 29<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 17<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;right&quot;| '''4'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 30<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 15<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=2| 11<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[WilliamsF1|Williams]]-[[Honda F1|Honda]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 1<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;right&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 2<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=2| 12<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Hong Kong|1959}} [[Theodore Racing|Theodore]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 33<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNPQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 16<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;right&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 34<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNPQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=2| = &lt;ref&gt;Manufacturers Championship classifications published in the 1984 FIA Yearbook rank Theodore and Lotus Ford Cosworth equally, in 12th position&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#000000&quot; style=&quot;color: white&quot;| DSQ<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;right&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=2| —<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Equipe Ligier|Ligier]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 25<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 26<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 15<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=1| —<br /> |rowspan=1 align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Spirit Racing|Spirit]]-[[Honda F1|Honda]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 40<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |<br /> |rowspan=1 align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=1| —<br /> |rowspan=1 align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|FRG}} [[ATS (wheels)|ATS]]-[[BMW in Formula One|BMW]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 15<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#000000&quot; style=&quot;color: white&quot;| DSQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |rowspan=1 align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=2| —<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Osella]]-[[Alfa Romeo in Formula One|Alfa Romeo]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 31<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 32<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=2| —<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[McLaren]]-[[Techniques d'Avant Garde|TAG]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 7<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#000000&quot; style=&quot;color: white&quot;| DSQ<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 8<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=2| —<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[RAM Racing|RAM]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 17<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 18<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=2| —<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Osella]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 31<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 32<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |- valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;|Pos<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;|Constructor<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Car&lt;br /&gt;no.<br /> ! [[1983 Brazilian Grand Prix|BRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Brazil}}<br /> ! [[1983 United States Grand Prix West|USW]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|United States}}<br /> ! [[1983 French Grand Prix|FRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|France}}<br /> ! [[1983 San Marino Grand Prix|SMR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|San Marino}}<br /> ! [[1983 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Monaco}}<br /> ! [[1983 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Belgium}}<br /> ! [[1983 Detroit Grand Prix|DET]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|United States}}<br /> ! [[1983 Canadian Grand Prix|CAN]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Canada}}<br /> ! [[1983 British Grand Prix|GBR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|UK}}<br /> ! [[1983 German Grand Prix|GER]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|West Germany}}<br /> ! [[1983 Austrian Grand Prix|AUT]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Austria}}<br /> ! [[1983 Dutch Grand Prix|NED]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Netherlands}}<br /> ! [[1983 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Italy}}<br /> ! [[1983 European Grand Prix|EUR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|UK}}<br /> ! [[1983 South African Grand Prix|RSA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|South Africa|1928}}<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;|Pts<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> Championship points were awarded on a 9-6-4-3-2-1 basis to the top six finishers &lt;ref name=Higham/&gt; in each race.<br /> <br /> ==Non-championship race results==<br /> The 1983 season also include a single Formula One race which did not count towards the Formula One World Championship. This event, the [[1983 Race of Champions]], was to be the last Formula One event to be held outside of an FIA World Championship.&lt;ref&gt;[http://8w.forix.com/roc83.html Mattijs Diepraam &amp; Felix Muelas, The last of the non-championship races, 8w.forix.com] Retrieved on 11 January 2012&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:95%&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Race Name<br /> ! Circuit<br /> ! Date<br /> ! Winning driver<br /> ! Constructor<br /> ! Report<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Race of Champions (Brands Hatch)|Race of Champions]]<br /> | [[Brands Hatch]]<br /> | April 10<br /> | {{flagicon|Finland}} [[Keke Rosberg]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[WilliamsF1|Williams]]-[[Cosworth]]<br /> | [[1983 Race of Champions|Report]]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Notes and references==<br /> &lt;references/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * [http://www.4mula1.ro/history/article/article8.html 1983 Formula 1 review]<br /> <br /> {{Formula One Championship}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Formula One seasons]]<br /> [[Category:1983 in Formula One| ]]</div> Tulumino https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1988_Formula_One_World_Championship&diff=541940900 1988 Formula One World Championship 2013-03-03T20:44:51Z <p>Tulumino: /* 1988 Drivers Championship final standings */ defect in warm-up</p> <hr /> <div>{{Refimprove|date=January 2007}}<br /> {{F1 season | year = 1988}}<br /> The '''1988 Formula One season''' was the 39th season of [[FIA]] [[Formula One]] motor racing. It featured the 1988 FIA Formula One World Championship which commenced on April 3, 1988 and ended on November 13 after sixteen races. Two titles were awarded: the Formula One World Championship for Drivers, won by [[Ayrton Senna]], and the Formula One World Championship for Constructors, easily taken by [[McLaren|McLaren-Honda]].<br /> <br /> ==Season summary==<br /> [[File:Ayrton Senna 1988 Canada.jpg|thumb|right|[[Ayrton Senna]] won his first world championship in his first season driving for [[McLaren]].]]<br /> [[File:Alain Prost 1988 Canada 2.jpg|thumb|right|In a year dominated by McLaren, [[Alain Prost]] was narrowly beaten by his team-mate.]]<br /> [[File:Gerhard Berger 1988 Canada.jpg|thumb|right|[[Gerhard Berger]] finished third in the Drivers' Championship, and [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]] were runners-up in the Constructors' Championship, but both were a long way behind McLaren and its drivers.]]<br /> <br /> The pre-season was a very contentious time, with many theories of the championship flying around. Would the Honda engines prove successful with [[McLaren]]? Would [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]] be able to continue the trend set by the last two rounds of 1987, where [[Gerhard Berger]] took successive victories? Would [[Williams F1|Williams]] be able to continue their success without Honda and [[Nelson Piquet]]? Could World Champion Piquet succeed in defending his title with the Honda-powered [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]?<br /> <br /> The [[Jim Clark]] and [[Colin Chapman]] cups, awarded the previous year for drivers and constructors, respectively, who were using [[naturally aspirated engines]], had been withdrawn as such engines would become mandatory from 1989 onwards, with severe restrictions on [[Turbocharger|turbocharged units]] for this season. Of the eighteen teams on the grid, twelve - including Williams and [[Benetton Formula|Benetton]] - took the gamble of using either [[Judd (engine)|Judd]] or [[Cosworth]] V8 engines, to give themselves an extra year to get used to the new regulations. The other six - McLaren, Ferrari, Lotus, [[Arrows Grand Prix International|Arrows]], [[Osella]] and [[Zakspeed]] - decided to build one last turbo car to make the most out of their experience using such engines, despite the aforementioned restrictions.<br /> <br /> There were three new teams on the grid this year - [[BMS Scuderia Italia]] (using a [[Dallara]] chassis), [[Rial Racing|Rial]] and [[EuroBrun]] - while [[Enzo Coloni Racing Car Systems|Coloni]] was embarking on its first full season after entering two races towards the end of 1987. Between them, these four teams entered five cars, thus increasing the number of participants at each race to 31. It was decided that only 30 cars should be allowed to participate in the qualifying sessions, and so pre-qualifying, which had been used in several races during the late 1970s and early 1980s, was re-introduced. For 1988, this consisted of the aforementioned five cars taking part in an extra session on Friday morning before the first session of qualifying proper, with the slowest car to miss out on the rest of the weekend.<br /> <br /> For the first race of the season in Brazil, with Ferrari being the only completely stable option, many agreed that Gerhard Berger would be in serious contention, and this was supported in his second place behind [[Alain Prost]]'s McLaren as well as setting the fastest race lap for the [[Scuderia Ferrari|Scuderia]]. Remarkable also, was [[Nigel Mansell]]'s recovery from his accident in Japan to score a front row position for his non-turbo Judd-powered Williams on his first race back. Ayrton Senna suffered from a failure at the race's beginning, eventually being disqualified after switching to the spare car. At the time he had risen up to second place after starting from the pits.<br /> <br /> At [[1988 San Marino Grand Prix|Imola]] however, it was plain to see what all the teams had feared. [[Gordon Murray]]'s [[McLaren MP4/4|MP4/4]], combined with the championship winning [[Honda Racing F1|Honda]] turbo, made a mockery of the rest of the grid. In qualifying both Senna and Prost were 3 seconds faster than the Lotus-Honda of Piquet in 3rd. At the end of the race Senna and Prost had lapped the entire field, with team-mate Prost only 2.3 seconds behind Senna at the finish. Indeed both McLarens set faster race laps than anyone else had qualified. Former [[List of Formula One World Drivers' Champions|World Champion]] [[Keke Rosberg]] said in an interview at Imola, if you ignored the McLarens it was quite a competitive race between the turbo's and the 'atmos'. Considering that the [[Autodromo Enzo e Dino Ferrari|Imola circuit]] had always been considered a power track that spelled good news for the FIA's turbo restriction rules.<br /> <br /> Despite what many expected, the championship would hardly be considered boring with the McLaren onslaught peaking with the drivers fighting in several feuds. At [[1988 Monaco Grand Prix|Monaco]], after Alain Prost set the fastest lap, Ayrton refused to accept that his team-mate could be driving faster than he was, especially after Senna out qualified Prost by over a second. Senna pushed and after scoring the fastest lap, he had a lapse in concentration and hit the wall. Berger picked up second place behind Prost.<br /> <br /> In Mexico, it was nearly a repeat of San Marino: McLaren 1-2, with this time only one other driver on the lead lap. Gerhard Berger had picked up his third podium in four races, giving him the edge on Piquet and [[Michele Alboreto|Alboreto]] for the title of &quot;Best of the Rest&quot; - the race for third.<br /> <br /> Canada again proved a repeat of the McLaren onslaught, this time [[Thierry Boutsen|Boutsen]]'s [[Benetton Formula|Benetton]] being the only other car on the lead lap, and 50 seconds behind. This was repeated in Detroit, however this time Boutsen failed to stay on the lead lap as Senna took his second victory in a row, making it six out of six for McLaren and Honda.<br /> <br /> The following race at [[Circuit Paul Ricard|Paul Ricard]] saw another 1-2 for McLaren, this time with Prost at the helm for his home Grand Prix, followed by the Ferraris of Alboreto and Berger, with only the former on the lead lap. Piquet raced a brilliant race, despite losing second gear, to come through for a fifth place.<br /> <br /> At the wet British Grand Prix at Silverstone, [[Nigel Mansell]] surprised all by scoring a second place for an atmos car for his first finish of the season after seven races of DNFs, a result which definitely pleased the hordes of British fans who were still gripped in Mansell-mania despite the driver's (or rather, the car's) lacklustre performance through the year. Senna won, with the podium rounded off by [[Alessandro Nannini|Nannini]], proving that Silverstone was an unusually good race for the atmos cars.<br /> <br /> Germany proved a return to the year's trend, with the long straights of [[Hockenheimring|Hockenheim]] showcasing the brute strength of the turbos, with the only atmos car on the lead lap behind both McLarens and Ferraris respectively being [[Ivan Capelli|Capelli's]] [[March Engineering|March]]. Senna took the win to Prost, with Berger taking the bottom step of the rostrum. At the following grand prix at Hungary, Senna secured his 24th pole position, securing the third highest total after legendary champions [[Jim Clark]] and [[Fangio]], backing his qualifying effort up with a victory, less than a second in front of team-mate Prost. This was Senna's sixth win of the season, and third on the trot, with Prost on just four wins.<br /> <br /> The [[1988 Belgian Grand Prix]] showed Prost one thing: to not change his set-up at the last minute. All through the year, Prost's better feel at setting up a car was not only noticed by his team-mate, but mimicked. Senna had used Prost's set-ups for every race thus far, and the race at Spa was no different. This annoyed Prost, and he changed his aero-settings at the last minute, hoping to give himself an edge over the pole-sitting Senna. At the start, Prost took the lead after Senna suffered wheel spin but was caught and passed half way around the track.<br /> <br /> Senna went on to secure the victory to Prost, a distant second. Third and fourth was filled by the two Benettons, however they were both disqualified from the results&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.grandprix.com/gpe/rr463.html Grand Prix Results: Belgian GP, 1988] Retrieved from www.grandprix.com on 2 December 2009&lt;/ref&gt; long after the race had ended, for using illegal fuel, giving Capelli his first podium of the year. The 1-2 for McLaren signified the end of any statistical hope of Ferrari catching them in constructors championship, securing McLaren one of the earliest recorded constructors victories.<br /> <br /> Before the [[1988 Italian Grand Prix|Italian Grand Prix]], Prost was quoted as saying that, as it was very possible that McLaren would take out a perfect sixteen out of sixteen victories, the winner would be determined between which McLaren driver would take the most wins, and on the chance they both took eight, it would be determined on their second places, which at the time Prost had more of despite having fewer wins. This meant Prost could only let Senna win one more time.<br /> <br /> Monza, being another high speed circuit, would prove to be another McLaren dominated race, with both sitting on the front row, again with both Ferraris behind. The race fell into regular routine as Senna lead from the start and Prost close behind. However, on lap 35 of 51, Prost's championship hopes seemed to evaporate in a cloud of smoke, leaking from his engine. The [[tifosi]] cheered as their drivers were shifted to second and third, and Honda were left embarrassed with their engine expiring on a track that was being dominated by the turbo cars.<br /> <br /> Senna looked set to secure another victory, and albeit seal his championship hopes, when lapping [[Jean-Louis Schlesser|Schlesser]], filling in for the still ill Mansell, decided it was wise to do so on one of the track's corners, instead of waiting for the long straight that would follow. Senna accidentally hit Schlesser and was livid, whilst the tifosi erupted; Gerhard Berger and Michele Alboreto sat first and second, where they remained at the finish. The victory was made poignant by the fact that it was the first race since [[Enzo Ferrari]]'s death. Both drivers and team dedicated the victory to him. This race would prove to be the only chink in McLaren's perfect year and their only double retirement.<br /> <br /> The following grand prix at Portugal proved to be an exciting affair, for all but Ayrton Senna who suffered race long with handling troubles. He ended sixth while Prost kept his championship hopes alive to secure his fifth race of the year. Then at Spain, he secured his sixth, again in an attempt to delay an almost inevitable eighth race for Senna - a race that would secure his first of three championships. Senna suffered from fuel gauge and was lucky to secure fourth whilst Mansell doubled his British Grand Prix efforts and scored another six points.<br /> <br /> The penultimate round in Japan was, once again, where the title was decided. This time it was the end of the weekend, and not the beginning. Prost made a superb start to the lead, whilst Senna stalled, lucky in the fact that Suzuka had a sloping grid, helping to start his car. Senna knew he had nothing to lose and everything to gain in this race, and knew he could seal the championship here. By the end of the lap he had already made up six positions, and by the fourth lap he was sitting in fourth position. The top six cars were all sitting very close and when the rain started to fall, so did Prost. Capelli took this chance to become the first naturally aspirated car to lead a Grand Prix in over 4 years, thrilling the March team. Unfortunately, this was not to last as his electronics would eventually fail.<br /> By then, Senna was hot on the tail of Prost. Prost hated the wet, and his failing gearbox only added to the Brazilian's chances. When the pair came round to lap some back-markers, as Prost was caught up with [[Andrea de Cesaris|de Cesaris]], Ayrton went past to take the lead, and set three consecutive fastest laps and setting a new lap record. As he was now out on a wet track with dry tires, as many other drivers were, he signaled to stop the race. However, the race ran its full distance and Honda were reveling in their 1-2 finish, whilst Prost was bitter. He would go on to win in Adelaide, and score eleven more points in total than Senna, but only the eleven highest scores counted, with Senna's eight wins and three seconds giving him a total of 90 points to Prost's 87. Prost went on to be a proponent of the 90's scoring system - all results counting to the final results with the winner scoring 10, not 9, points.<br /> <br /> ==Drivers and constructors==<br /> The following drivers and constructors competed in the 1988 season.<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 85%&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Entrant<br /> ! Constructor<br /> ! Chassis<br /> ! Engine<br /> ! Tyre<br /> ! No<br /> ! Driver<br /> ! Rounds<br /> ! Test driver(s)<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|Great Britain}} [[Team Lotus|Camel Team Lotus Honda]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[Honda Racing F1|Honda]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Lotus 100T|100T]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Honda Racing F1|Honda]] RA168E 1.5 [[V6]][[Turbocharger|t]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 1<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Nelson Piquet]]<br /> | All<br /> | rowspan=2 align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:87%;&quot;&gt;{{flagicon|UK}} [[Martin Donnelly (racing driver)|Martin Donnelly]]<br /> |-<br /> | 2<br /> | {{flagicon|Japan}} [[Satoru Nakajima]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|Great Britain}} [[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell Racing Organisation]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Tyrrell 017|017]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV#DFZ|Ford Cosworth DFZ]] 3.5 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 3<br /> | {{flagicon|Great Britain}} [[Jonathan Palmer]]<br /> | All<br /> | rowspan=2 align=&quot;center&quot; | &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:87%;&quot;&gt;''n/a''<br /> |-<br /> | 4<br /> | {{flagicon|Great Britain}} [[Julian Bailey]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| {{flagicon|Great Britain}} [[WilliamsF1|Canon Williams Team]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| [[WilliamsF1|Williams]]-[[Judd (engine)|Judd]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| [[Williams FW12|FW12]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| [[Judd (engine)#CV|Judd CV]] 3.5 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| 5<br /> | {{flagicon|Great Britain}} [[Nigel Mansell]]<br /> | 1-10, 13-16<br /> | rowspan=4 align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:87%;&quot;&gt;{{flagicon|France}} [[Jean-Louis Schlesser]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|Great Britain}} [[Martin Brundle]]<br /> | 11<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Jean-Louis Schlesser]]<br /> | 12<br /> |-<br /> | 6<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Riccardo Patrese]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|West Germany}} [[Zakspeed|West Zakspeed Racing]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Zakspeed]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Zakspeed 881|881]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Zakspeed]] 1500/4 1.5 [[Straight-4|L4]][[Turbocharger|t]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 9<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Piercarlo Ghinzani]]<br /> | All<br /> | rowspan=2 align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:87%;&quot;&gt;{{flagicon|West Germany}} [[Christian Danner]]<br /> |-<br /> | 10<br /> | {{flagicon|West Germany}} [[Bernd Schneider (racing driver)|Bernd Schneider]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|Great Britain}} [[McLaren|Honda Marlboro McLaren]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[McLaren]]-[[Honda Racing F1|Honda]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[McLaren MP4/4|MP4/4]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Honda Racing F1|Honda]] RA168E 1.5 [[V6]][[Turbocharger|t]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 11<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Alain Prost]]<br /> | All<br /> | rowspan=2 align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:87%;&quot;&gt;{{flagicon|Italy}} [[Emanuele Pirro]]<br /> |-<br /> | 12<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Ayrton Senna]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Automobiles Gonfaronnaises Sportives|Automobiles Gonfaronaise Sportive]]<br /> ! [[Automobiles Gonfaronnaises Sportives|AGS]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | [[AGS JH22|JH22]]&lt;br&gt;[[AGS JH23|JH23]]<br /> | [[Cosworth DFV#DFZ|Ford Cosworth DFZ]] 3.5 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> | {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 14<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Philippe Streiff]]<br /> | All<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:87%;&quot;&gt;''n/a''<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|Great Britain}} [[March Engineering|Leyton House March Racing Team]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[March Engineering|March]]-[[Judd (engine)|Judd]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[March 881|881]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Judd (engine)#CV|Judd CV]] 3.5 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 15<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Maurício Gugelmin]]<br /> | All<br /> | rowspan=2 align=&quot;center&quot; | &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:87%;&quot;&gt;''n/a''<br /> |-<br /> | 16<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Ivan Capelli]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|Great Britain}} [[Arrows Grand Prix International|USF&amp;G Arrows Megatron]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Arrows Grand Prix International|Arrows]]-[[Megatron (engine)|Megatron]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Arrows A10|A10B]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Megatron (engine)|Megatron]] M12/13 1.5 [[Straight-4|L4]][[Turbocharger|t]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 17<br /> | {{flagicon|Great Britain}} [[Derek Warwick]]<br /> | All<br /> | rowspan=2 align=&quot;center&quot; | &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:87%;&quot;&gt;''n/a''<br /> |-<br /> | 18<br /> | {{flagicon|United States}} [[Eddie Cheever]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|Great Britain}} [[Benetton Formula|Benetton Formula Ltd]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Benetton Formula|Benetton]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Benetton B188|B188]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV#DFR|Ford Cosworth DFR]] 3.5 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 19<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Alessandro Nannini]]<br /> | All<br /> | rowspan=2 align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:87%;&quot;&gt;{{flagicon|UK}} [[Johnny Dumfries]] &lt;br&gt;{{flagicon|Australia}} [[Gary Brabham]]<br /> |-<br /> | 20<br /> | {{flagicon|Belgium}} [[Thierry Boutsen]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Osella|Osella Squadra Corse]]<br /> ! [[Osella]]<br /> | [[Osella FA1I|FA1I]]&lt;br&gt;[[Osella FA1L|FA1L]]<br /> | [[Osella]] 890T 1.5 [[V8 engine|V8]][[Turbocharger|t]]<br /> | {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 21<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Nicola Larini]]<br /> | All<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:87%;&quot;&gt;''n/a''<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|West Germany}} [[Rial Racing]]<br /> ! [[Rial Racing|Rial]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | [[Rial ARC1|ARC1]]<br /> | [[Cosworth DFV#DFZ|Ford Cosworth DFZ]] 3.5 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> | {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 22<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Andrea de Cesaris]]<br /> | All<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:87%;&quot;&gt;''n/a''<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Minardi|Lois Minardi Team SpA]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[Minardi]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[Minardi M188|M188]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV#DFZ|Ford Cosworth DFZ]] 3.5 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 23<br /> | {{flagicon|Spain}} [[Adrián Campos]]<br /> | 1-5<br /> | rowspan=3 align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:87%;&quot;&gt;{{flagicon|Italy}} [[Pierluigi Martini]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Pierluigi Martini]]<br /> | 6-16<br /> |-<br /> | 24<br /> | {{flagicon|Spain}} [[Luis Perez-Sala]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[Equipe Ligier|Ligier Loto]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Equipe Ligier|Ligier]]-[[Judd (engine)|Judd]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Ligier JS31|JS31]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Judd (engine)#CV|Judd CV]] 3.5 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 25<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[René Arnoux]]<br /> | All<br /> | rowspan=2 align=&quot;center&quot; | &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:87%;&quot;&gt;''n/a''<br /> |-<br /> | 26<br /> | {{flagicon|Sweden}} [[Stefan Johansson]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Scuderia Ferrari SpA SEFAC]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Ferrari F1/87/88C|F1/87/88C]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]] 033E 1.5 [[V6]][[Turbocharger|t]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 27<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Michele Alboreto]]<br /> | All<br /> | rowspan=2 align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:87%;&quot;&gt;{{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Roberto Moreno]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Monza to Suzuka - 6. From Left Field and Beyond|url=http://www.f1rejects.com/centrale/ferrari/leftfield.html|publisher=F1 Rejects|accessdate=26 February 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;br&gt;{{flagicon|Italy}} [[Gianni Morbidelli]] &lt;br&gt;{{flagicon|Italy}} [[Dario Benuzzi]]<br /> |-<br /> | 28<br /> | {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Gerhard Berger]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[Larrousse|Larrousse Calmels]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| [[Lola Cars|Lola]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| [[Lola LC88|LC88]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV#DFZ|Ford Cosworth DFZ]] 3.5 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| 29<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Yannick Dalmas]]<br /> | 1-14<br /> | rowspan=4 align=&quot;center&quot; | &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:87%;&quot;&gt;''n/a''<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|Japan}} [[Aguri Suzuki]]<br /> | 15<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Pierre-Henri Raphanel]]<br /> | 16<br /> |-<br /> | 30<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Philippe Alliot]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Enzo Coloni Racing Car Systems|Coloni SpA]]<br /> ! [[Enzo Coloni Racing Car Systems|Coloni]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | [[Coloni FC188|FC188]]&lt;br&gt;[[Coloni FC188B|FC188B]]<br /> | [[Cosworth DFV#DFZ|Ford Cosworth DFZ]] 3.5 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> | {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 31<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Gabriele Tarquini]]<br /> | All<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:87%;&quot;&gt;''n/a''<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[EuroBrun|EuroBrun Racing]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[EuroBrun]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[EuroBrun ER188|ER188]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV#DFZ|Ford Cosworth DFZ]] 3.5 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 32<br /> | {{flagicon|Argentina}} [[Oscar Larrauri]]<br /> | All<br /> | rowspan=2 align=&quot;center&quot; | &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:87%;&quot;&gt;''n/a''<br /> |-<br /> | 33<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Stefano Modena]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[BMS Scuderia Italia]]<br /> ! [[Dallara]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | [[Dallara 3087|3087]]&lt;br&gt;[[Dallara 188|188]]<br /> | [[Cosworth DFV#DFZ|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]&lt;br&gt;[[Cosworth DFV#DFZ|Ford Cosworth DFZ]] 3.5 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> | {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 36<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Alex Caffi]]<br /> | All<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:87%;&quot;&gt;''n/a''<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Season review==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 85%&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Rd.<br /> ! Grand Prix<br /> ! Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Pole Position<br /> ! Fastest Lap<br /> ! Winning Driver<br /> ! Constructor<br /> ! Report<br /> |-<br /> ! 1<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Brazilian Grand Prix]]<br /> | April 3<br /> | [[Autódromo Internacional Nelson Piquet|Jacarepaguá]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Ayrton Senna]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Gerhard Berger]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Alain Prost]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Team McLaren|McLaren]]-[[Honda Racing F1|Honda]]<br /> | [[1988 Brazilian Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 2<br /> | {{flagicon|San Marino}} [[San Marino Grand Prix]]<br /> | May 1<br /> | [[Autodromo Enzo e Dino Ferrari|Imola]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Ayrton Senna]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Alain Prost]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Ayrton Senna]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Team McLaren|McLaren]]-[[Honda Racing F1|Honda]]<br /> | [[1988 San Marino Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 3<br /> | {{flagicon|Monaco}} [[Monaco Grand Prix]]<br /> | May 15<br /> | [[Circuit de Monaco|Monaco]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Ayrton Senna]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Ayrton Senna]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Alain Prost]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Team McLaren|McLaren]]-[[Honda Racing F1|Honda]]<br /> | [[1988 Monaco Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 4<br /> | {{flagicon|Mexico}} [[Mexican Grand Prix]]<br /> | May 29<br /> | [[Autódromo Hermanos Rodríguez|Hermanos Rodríguez]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Ayrton Senna]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Alain Prost]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Alain Prost]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Team McLaren|McLaren]]-[[Honda Racing F1|Honda]]<br /> | [[1988 Mexican Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 5<br /> | {{flagicon|Canada}} [[Canadian Grand Prix]]<br /> | June 12<br /> | [[Circuit Gilles Villeneuve]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Ayrton Senna]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Ayrton Senna]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Ayrton Senna]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Team McLaren|McLaren]]-[[Honda Racing F1|Honda]]<br /> | [[1988 Canadian Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 6<br /> | {{flagicon|United States}} [[Detroit Grand Prix]]<br /> | June 19<br /> | [[Detroit street circuit|Detroit]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Ayrton Senna]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Alain Prost]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Ayrton Senna]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Team McLaren|McLaren]]-[[Honda Racing F1|Honda]]<br /> | [[1988 Detroit Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 7<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[French Grand Prix]]<br /> | July 3<br /> | [[Circuit Paul Ricard|Paul Ricard]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Alain Prost]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Alain Prost]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Alain Prost]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Team McLaren|McLaren]]-[[Honda Racing F1|Honda]]<br /> | [[1988 French Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 8<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[British Grand Prix]]<br /> | July 10<br /> | [[Silverstone Circuit|Silverstone]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Gerhard Berger]]<br /> | {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Nigel Mansell]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Ayrton Senna]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Team McLaren|McLaren]]-[[Honda Racing F1|Honda]]<br /> | [[1988 British Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 9<br /> | {{flagicon|West Germany}} [[German Grand Prix]]<br /> | July 24<br /> | [[Hockenheimring]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Ayrton Senna]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Alessandro Nannini]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Ayrton Senna]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Team McLaren|McLaren]]-[[Honda Racing F1|Honda]]<br /> | [[1988 German Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 10<br /> | {{flagicon|Hungary}} [[Hungarian Grand Prix]]<br /> | August 7<br /> | [[Hungaroring]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Ayrton Senna]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Alain Prost]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Ayrton Senna]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Team McLaren|McLaren]]-[[Honda Racing F1|Honda]]<br /> | [[1988 Hungarian Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 11<br /> | {{flagicon|Belgium}} [[Belgian Grand Prix]]<br /> | August 28<br /> | [[Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps|Spa-Francorchamps]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Ayrton Senna]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Gerhard Berger]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Ayrton Senna]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Team McLaren|McLaren]]-[[Honda Racing F1|Honda]]<br /> | [[1988 Belgian Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 12<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Italian Grand Prix]]<br /> | September 11<br /> | [[Autodromo Nazionale Monza|Monza]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Ayrton Senna]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Michele Alboreto]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Gerhard Berger]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> | [[1988 Italian Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 13<br /> | {{flagicon|Portugal}} [[Portuguese Grand Prix]]<br /> | September 25<br /> | [[Autódromo do Estoril|Estoril]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Alain Prost]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Gerhard Berger]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Alain Prost]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Team McLaren|McLaren]]-[[Honda Racing F1|Honda]]<br /> | [[1988 Portuguese Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 14<br /> | {{flagicon|Spain}} [[Spanish Grand Prix]]<br /> | October 2<br /> | [[Circuito de Jerez|Jerez]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Ayrton Senna]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Alain Prost]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Alain Prost]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Team McLaren|McLaren]]-[[Honda Racing F1|Honda]]<br /> | [[1988 Spanish Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 15<br /> | {{flagicon|Japan}} [[Japanese Grand Prix]]<br /> | October 30<br /> | [[Suzuka Circuit|Suzuka]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Ayrton Senna]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Ayrton Senna]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Ayrton Senna]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Team McLaren|McLaren]]-[[Honda Racing F1|Honda]]<br /> | [[1988 Japanese Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 16<br /> | {{flagicon|Australia}} [[Australian Grand Prix]]<br /> | November 13<br /> | [[Adelaide Street Circuit|Adelaide]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Ayrton Senna]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Alain Prost]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Alain Prost]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Team McLaren|McLaren]]-[[Honda Racing F1|Honda]]<br /> | [[1988 Australian Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==1988 Drivers Championship final standings==<br /> {|<br /> |- valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> |<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 85%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |- valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Pos<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Driver<br /> ! [[1988 Brazilian Grand Prix|BRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Brazil}}<br /> ! [[1988 San Marino Grand Prix|SMR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|San Marino}}<br /> ! [[1988 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Monaco}}<br /> ! [[1988 Mexican Grand Prix|MEX]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Mexico}}<br /> ! [[1988 Canadian Grand Prix|CAN]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Canada}}<br /> ! [[1988 Detroit Grand Prix|DET]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|United States}}<br /> ! [[1988 French Grand Prix|FRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|France}}<br /> ! [[1988 British Grand Prix|GBR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|UK}}<br /> ! [[1988 German Grand Prix|GER]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|West Germany}}<br /> ! [[1988 Hungarian Grand Prix|HUN]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Hungary}}<br /> ! [[1988 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Belgium}}<br /> ! [[1988 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Italy}}<br /> ! [[1988 Portuguese Grand Prix|POR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Portugal}}<br /> ! [[1988 Spanish Grand Prix|ESP]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Spain}}<br /> ! [[1988 Japanese Grand Prix|JPN]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Japan}}<br /> ! [[1988 Australian Grand Prix|AUS]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Australia}}<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Points&lt;ref name=&quot;points&quot;&gt;Only the best 11 results counted towards the Drivers' Championship. Numbers without parentheses are Championship points; numbers in parentheses are total points scored.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> ! 1<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Ayrton Senna]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#000000&quot; style=&quot;color: white&quot;| '''DSQ'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''''Ret'''''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''''1'''''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| '''10'''&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''4'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''''1'''''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''90 (94)*'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 2<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[Alain Prost]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| ''2''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| ''1''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| ''2''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''''1'''''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| ''2''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| ''1''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| ''1''<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''87 (105)*'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 3<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Gerhard Berger]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| ''2''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| '''9'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| ''Ret''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| ''Ret''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''41'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 4<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Belgium}} [[Thierry Boutsen]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#000000&quot; style=&quot;color: white&quot;| DSQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''27'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 5<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Michele Alboreto]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 18&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 17&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| ''2''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''24'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 6<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Nelson Piquet]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''22'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 7<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Ivan Capelli]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 16<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffff&quot;| DNS<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''17'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 8<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Derek Warwick]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''17'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 9<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Nigel Mansell]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| ''2''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''12'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 10<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Alessandro Nannini]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| ''18''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#000000&quot; style=&quot;color: white&quot;| DSQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''12'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 11<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Riccardo Patrese]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''8'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 12<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Eddie Cheever]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''6'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 13<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Maurício Gugelmin]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 15<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''5'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 14<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Jonathan Palmer]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''5'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 15<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Andrea de Cesaris]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 16<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Japan}} [[Satoru Nakajima]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 17<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Pierluigi Martini]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 15<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 15<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[Yannick Dalmas]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 19&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Alex Caffi]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNPQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNPQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 15<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Martin Brundle]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[Philippe Streiff]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Spain}} [[Luis Perez-Sala]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 15<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Gabriele Tarquini]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNPQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNPQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNPQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNPQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNPQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[Philippe Alliot]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 17<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Sweden}} [[Stefan Johansson]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Julian Bailey]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 16<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Nicola Larini]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> | EX<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 19&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNPQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNPQ<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[René Arnoux]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 18<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 17<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 17<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Stefano Modena]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#000000&quot; style=&quot;color: white&quot;| DSQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#000000&quot; style=&quot;color: white&quot;| DSQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[Jean-Louis Schlesser]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|West Germany}} [[Bernd Schneider (racecar driver)|Bernd Schneider]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Argentina}} [[Oscar Larrauri]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| DNS<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 16<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNPQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNPQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNPQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Piercarlo Ghinzani]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 15<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> | EX<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Spain}} [[Adrián Campos]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 16<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Japan}} [[Aguri Suzuki]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 16<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[Pierre-Henri Raphanel]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |- valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Pos<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Driver<br /> ! [[1988 Brazilian Grand Prix|BRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Brazil}}<br /> ! [[1988 San Marino Grand Prix|SMR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|San Marino}}<br /> ! [[1988 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Monaco}}<br /> ! [[1988 Mexican Grand Prix|MEX]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Mexico}}<br /> ! [[1988 Canadian Grand Prix|CAN]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Canada}}<br /> ! [[1988 Detroit Grand Prix|DET]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|United States}}<br /> ! [[1988 French Grand Prix|FRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|France}}<br /> ! [[1988 British Grand Prix|GBR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|UK}}<br /> ! [[1988 German Grand Prix|GER]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|West Germany}}<br /> ! [[1988 Hungarian Grand Prix|HUN]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Hungary}}<br /> ! [[1988 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Belgium}}<br /> ! [[1988 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Italy}}<br /> ! [[1988 Portuguese Grand Prix|POR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Portugal}}<br /> ! [[1988 Spanish Grand Prix|ESP]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Spain}}<br /> ! [[1988 Japanese Grand Prix|JPN]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Japan}}<br /> ! [[1988 Australian Grand Prix|AUS]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Australia}}<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Points<br /> |}<br /> |<br /> {{F1 driver results legend 2}}<br /> |}<br /> {{sup|†}} Drivers did not finish the Grand Prix, but were classified as they completed over 90% of the race distance.<br /> <br /> &amp;#42; Drivers Championship points were awarded on a 9-6-4-3-2-1 basis to the first six finishers in each race.&lt;ref&gt;Peter Higham, The Guinness Guide to International Motor Racing, 1995, page 6&lt;/ref&gt; Only best 11 results counted toward the championship.&lt;ref&gt;Peter Higham, The Guinness Guide to International Motor Racing, 1995, page 126&lt;/ref&gt; Prost scored 105 points during the year, but only 87 points were counted toward the championship. Senna scored 94 points, with 90 points counted toward the championship by virtue of winning more races. Thus, Senna became the World Champion, although he did not score most points over the course of the year.<br /> <br /> ==1988 Constructors Championship final standings==<br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 85%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |- valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;|Pos<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;|Constructor<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Car&lt;br /&gt;no.<br /> ! [[1988 Brazilian Grand Prix|BRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Brazil}}<br /> ! [[1988 San Marino Grand Prix|SMR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|San Marino}}<br /> ! [[1988 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Monaco}}<br /> ! [[1988 Mexican Grand Prix|MEX]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Mexico}}<br /> ! [[1988 Canadian Grand Prix|CAN]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Canada}}<br /> ! [[1988 Detroit Grand Prix|DET]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|United States}}<br /> ! [[1988 French Grand Prix|FRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|France}}<br /> ! [[1988 British Grand Prix|GBR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|UK}}<br /> ! [[1988 German Grand Prix|GER]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|West Germany}}<br /> ! [[1988 Hungarian Grand Prix|HUN]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Hungary}}<br /> ! [[1988 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Belgium}}<br /> ! [[1988 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Italy}}<br /> ! [[1988 Portuguese Grand Prix|POR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Portugal}}<br /> ! [[1988 Spanish Grand Prix|ESP]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Spain}}<br /> ! [[1988 Japanese Grand Prix|JPN]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Japan}}<br /> ! [[1988 Australian Grand Prix|AUS]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Australia}}<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;|Pts<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=2| 1<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[McLaren]]-[[Honda Racing F1|Honda]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| ''2''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| ''1''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| ''2''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''''1'''''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| ''2''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| ''1''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| ''1''<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;right&quot;| '''199'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#000000&quot; style=&quot;color: white&quot;| '''DSQ'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''''Ret'''''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''''1'''''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| '''10'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''4'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''''1'''''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=2| 2<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 27<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 18<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 17<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| ''2''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;right&quot;| '''65'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 28<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| ''2''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| '''9'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| ''Ret''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| ''Ret''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=2| 3<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Benetton Formula|Benetton]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 19<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| ''18''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#000000&quot; style=&quot;color: white&quot;| DSQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;right&quot;| '''39'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 20<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#000000&quot; style=&quot;color: white&quot;| DSQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=2| 4<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[Honda Racing F1|Honda]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;right&quot;| '''23'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=2| 5<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Arrows Grand Prix International|Arrows]]-[[Megatron (engine)|Megatron]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 17<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;right&quot;| '''23'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 18<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=2| 6<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[March Engineering|March]]-[[Judd (engine)|Judd]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 15<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 15<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;right&quot;| '''22'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 16<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 16<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffff&quot;| DNS<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=2| 7<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[WilliamsF1|Williams]]-[[Judd (engine)|Judd]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| ''2''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;right&quot;| '''20'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=2| 8<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;right&quot;| '''5'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 16<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=1| 9<br /> |rowspan=1 align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|FRG}} [[Rial Racing|Rial]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 22<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |rowspan=1 align=&quot;right&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=2| 10<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Minardi]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 23<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 16<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 15<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 15<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;right&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 24<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 15<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=2| —<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Lola Cars|Lola]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 29<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 19<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 16<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 30<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 17<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=1| —<br /> |rowspan=1 align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Dallara]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 36<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNPQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNPQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 15<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |rowspan=1 align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=1| —<br /> |rowspan=1 align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Automobiles Gonfaronnaises Sportives|AGS]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 14<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |rowspan=1 align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=1| —<br /> |rowspan=1 align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Enzo Coloni Racing Car Systems|Coloni]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 31<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNPQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNPQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNPQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNPQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNPQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |rowspan=1 align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=2| —<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Equipe Ligier|Ligier]]-[[Judd (engine)|Judd]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 25<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 18<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 17<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 17<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 26<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=1| —<br /> |rowspan=1 align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Osella]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 21<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> | EX<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 19<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNPQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNPQ<br /> |rowspan=1 align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=2| —<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Euro Brun]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 32<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 16<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNPQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNPQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNPQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 33<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#000000&quot; style=&quot;color: white&quot;| DSQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#000000&quot; style=&quot;color: white&quot;| DSQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=2| —<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|FRG}} [[Zakspeed]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 15<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> | EX<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |- valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;|Pos<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;|Constructor<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Car&lt;br /&gt;no.<br /> ! [[1988 Brazilian Grand Prix|BRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Brazil}}<br /> ! [[1988 San Marino Grand Prix|SMR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|San Marino}}<br /> ! [[1988 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Monaco}}<br /> ! [[1988 Mexican Grand Prix|MEX]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Mexico}}<br /> ! [[1988 Canadian Grand Prix|CAN]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Canada}}<br /> ! [[1988 Detroit Grand Prix|DET]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|United States}}<br /> ! [[1988 French Grand Prix|FRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|France}}<br /> ! [[1988 British Grand Prix|GBR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|UK}}<br /> ! [[1988 German Grand Prix|GER]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|West Germany}}<br /> ! [[1988 Hungarian Grand Prix|HUN]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Hungary}}<br /> ! [[1988 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Belgium}}<br /> ! [[1988 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Italy}}<br /> ! [[1988 Portuguese Grand Prix|POR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Portugal}}<br /> ! [[1988 Spanish Grand Prix|ESP]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Spain}}<br /> ! [[1988 Japanese Grand Prix|JPN]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Japan}}<br /> ! [[1988 Australian Grand Prix|AUS]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Australia}}<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;|Pts<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> Points towards the 1988 FIA Formula One World Championship for Constructors were awarded on a 9-6-4-3-2-1 basis for the first six places at each round.<br /> <br /> ==Notes and references==<br /> &lt;references/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * [http://www.f1-facts.com/results/season/1988 1988 Formula One results and images] Retrieved from www.f1-facts.com on 23 November 2008<br /> <br /> {{Formula One Championship}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Formula One seasons]]<br /> [[Category:1988 in Formula One| ]]<br /> <br /> {{Link GA|fi}}</div> Tulumino https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1964_Formula_One_season&diff=540127777 1964 Formula One season 2013-02-24T20:16:04Z <p>Tulumino: /* 1964 World Championship of Drivers final standings */ add R1</p> <hr /> <div>{{F1 season | year = 1964}}<br /> The '''1964 Formula One season''' was the 15th season of [[FIA]] [[Formula One]] motor racing. It included the 1964 World Championship of Drivers &lt;ref&gt;1974 FIA Yearbook, grey section, page 118&lt;/ref&gt; and the 1964 International Cup for F1 Manufacturers,&lt;ref&gt;1974 FIA Yearbook, grey section, page 120&lt;/ref&gt; which were contested concurrently over a series which commenced on May 10 and ended on October 25 after ten races. The season also included eight non-championship races for Formula One cars.<br /> <br /> ==Season summary==<br /> <br /> The World Championship of Drivers, fiercely contested by [[Jim Clark]], [[John Surtees]] and [[Graham Hill]], was decided at the Mexican Grand Prix when Hill was delayed after a collision with [[Lorenzo Bandini]]'s Ferrari. Clark was forced to stop with an oil leak on the last lap, and Ferrari signalled Bandini to let Surtees through into the second place which gave him the championship by one point from Hill. Honda made a low-key debut in grand prix racing with the American driver [[Ronnie Bucknum]], and [[Maurice Trintignant]] retired at the age of 47 after one of the longest world championship careers.<br /> [[Ferrari]] won the International Cup for F1 Manufacturers.&lt;ref&gt;1974 FIA Yearbook, grey section, pages 120–121&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Dutchman Carel Godin de Beaufort died during practice for the German Grand Prix at the Nürburgring, driving a privately entered [[Porsche 718]].<br /> {{-}}.<br /> <br /> ==Season review==<br /> The following races counted towards the 1964 World Championship of Drivers and the International Cup for F1 Manufacturers.<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:85%&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Rnd<br /> ! Race<br /> ! Circuit<br /> ! Date<br /> ! Pole position<br /> ! Fastest lap<br /> ! Winning driver<br /> ! Constructor<br /> ! Tyre<br /> ! Report<br /> |-<br /> ! 1<br /> | {{flagicon|Monaco}} [[Monaco Grand Prix]]<br /> | [[Circuit de Monaco|Monaco]]<br /> | May 10<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Jim Clark]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Graham Hill]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Graham Hill]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[BRM]]<br /> | {{Dunlop}}<br /> | [[1964 Monaco Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 2<br /> | {{flagicon|Netherlands}} [[Dutch Grand Prix]]<br /> | [[Circuit Zandvoort|Zandvoort]]<br /> | May 24<br /> | {{flagicon|USA}} [[Dan Gurney]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Jim Clark]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Jim Clark]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[Coventry Climax|Climax]]<br /> | {{Dunlop}}<br /> | [[1964 Dutch Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 3<br /> | {{flagicon|Belgium}} [[Belgian Grand Prix]]<br /> | [[Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps|Spa-Francorchamps]]<br /> | June 14<br /> | {{flagicon|USA}} [[Dan Gurney]]<br /> | {{flagicon|USA}} [[Dan Gurney]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Jim Clark]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[Coventry Climax|Climax]]<br /> | {{Dunlop}}<br /> | [[1964 Belgian Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 4<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[French Grand Prix]]<br /> | [[Rouen-Les-Essarts]]<br /> | June 28<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Jim Clark]]<br /> | {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Jack Brabham]]<br /> | {{flagicon|USA}} [[Dan Gurney]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Brabham]]-[[Coventry Climax|Climax]]<br /> | {{Dunlop}}<br /> | [[1964 French Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 5<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[British Grand Prix]]<br /> | [[Brands Hatch]]<br /> | July 11<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Jim Clark]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Jim Clark]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Jim Clark]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[Coventry Climax|Climax]]<br /> | {{Dunlop}}<br /> | [[1964 British Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 6<br /> | {{flagicon|West Germany}} [[German Grand Prix]]<br /> | [[Nürburgring]]<br /> | August 2<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[John Surtees]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[John Surtees]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[John Surtees]]<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> | {{Dunlop}}<br /> | [[1964 German Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 7<br /> | {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Austrian Grand Prix]]<br /> | [[Zeltweg Airfield|Zeltweg]]<br /> | August 23<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Graham Hill]]<br /> | {{flagicon|USA}} [[Dan Gurney]]<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Lorenzo Bandini]]<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> | {{Dunlop}}<br /> | [[1964 Austrian Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 8<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Italian Grand Prix]]<br /> | [[Autodromo Nazionale Monza|Monza]]<br /> | September 6<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[John Surtees]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[John Surtees]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[John Surtees]]<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> | {{Dunlop}}<br /> | [[1964 Italian Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 9<br /> | {{flagicon|United States}} [[United States Grand Prix]]<br /> | [[Watkins Glen International|Watkins Glen]]<br /> | October 4<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Jim Clark]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Jim Clark]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Graham Hill]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[BRM]]<br /> | {{Dunlop}}<br /> | [[1964 United States Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 10<br /> | {{flagicon|Mexico|1934}} [[Mexican Grand Prix]]<br /> | [[Autodromo Hermanos Rodriguez|Hermanos Rodriguez]]<br /> | October 25<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Jim Clark]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Jim Clark]]<br /> | {{flagicon|USA}} [[Dan Gurney]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Brabham]]-[[Coventry Climax|Climax]]<br /> | {{Dunlop}}<br /> | [[1964 Mexican Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Teams and drivers==<br /> [[File:John Surtees.JPG|thumb|Briton John Surtees won the driver's championship, driving for Ferrari]]<br /> The following [[List of Formula One constructors|teams]] and [[List of Formula One drivers|drivers]] competed in the 1964 [[Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile|FIA]] [[List of Formula One World Champions|World Championship]].<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 85%&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Entrant<br /> ! Constructor<br /> ! Chassis<br /> ! Engine<br /> ! Tyre<br /> ! Driver<br /> ! Rounds<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|USA}} [[Peter Revson|Revson Racing]]<br /> ! [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[British Racing Motors|BRM]]<br /> | [[Lotus 24|24]]<br /> | [[British Racing Motors|BRM]] P56 1.5 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> | {{Dunlop}}<br /> | {{flagicon|USA}} [[Peter Revson]]<br /> | 1, 6, 8<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Bernard Collomb]]<br /> ! [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[Coventry Climax|Climax]]<br /> | [[Lotus 24|24]]<br /> | [[Coventry Climax|Climax]] FWMV 1.5 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> | {{Dunlop}}<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Bernard Collomb]]<br /> | 1<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Maurice Trintignant]]<br /> ! [[British Racing Motors|BRM]]<br /> | [[BRM P57|P57]]<br /> | [[British Racing Motors|BRM]] P56 1.5 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> | {{Dunlop}}<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Maurice Trintignant]]<br /> | 1, 4–6, 8<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=2| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Brabham|Brabham Racing Organisation]]<br /> ! rowspan=2| [[Brabham]]-[[Coventry Climax|Climax]]<br /> | rowspan=2| [[Brabham BT7|BT7]]&lt;br&gt;[[Brabham BT11|BT11]]<br /> | rowspan=2| [[Coventry Climax|Climax]] FWMV 1.5 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> | rowspan=2| {{Dunlop}}<br /> | {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Jack Brabham]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|USA}} [[Dan Gurney]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=3| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[British Racing Motors|Owen Racing Organisation]]<br /> ! rowspan=3| [[British Racing Motors|BRM]]<br /> | rowspan=3| [[BRM P261|P261]]&lt;br&gt;[[BRM P67|P67]]<br /> | rowspan=3| [[British Racing Motors|BRM]] P60 1.5 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> | rowspan=3| {{Dunlop}}<br /> | {{flagicon|USA}} [[Richie Ginther]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Graham Hill]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Richard Attwood|Dickie Attwood]]<br /> | 5<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=2| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Cooper Car Company]]<br /> ! rowspan=2| [[Cooper Car Company|Cooper]]-[[Coventry Climax|Climax]]<br /> | rowspan=2| [[Cooper T73|T73]]&lt;br&gt;[[Cooper T66|T66]]<br /> | rowspan=2| [[Coventry Climax|Climax]] FWMV 1.5 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> | rowspan=2| {{Dunlop}}<br /> | {{flagicon|USA}} [[Phil Hill]]<br /> | 1–7, 9–10<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|NZL}} [[Bruce McLaren]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=6| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Team Lotus]]<br /> ! rowspan=6| [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[Coventry Climax|Climax]]<br /> | rowspan=6| [[Lotus 25|25]]&lt;br&gt;[[Lotus 33|33]]<br /> | rowspan=6| [[Coventry Climax|Climax]] FWMV 1.5 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> | rowspan=6| {{Dunlop}}<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Peter Arundell]]<br /> | 1–4<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Jim Clark]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Mike Spence]]<br /> | 5–10<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|FRG}} [[Gerhard Mitter]]<br /> | 6<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|USA}} [[Walt Hansgen]]<br /> | 9<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|MEX|1934}} [[Moisés Solana]]<br /> | 10<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=4| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[British Racing Partnership]]<br /> ! rowspan=2| [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[British Racing Motors|BRM]]<br /> | rowspan=2| [[Lotus 24|24]]<br /> | rowspan=2| [[British Racing Motors|BRM]] P56 1.5 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> | rowspan=4| {{Dunlop}}<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Innes Ireland]]<br /> | 1<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Trevor Taylor]]<br /> | 5<br /> |-<br /> ! rowspan=2| [[British Racing Partnership|BRP]]-[[British Racing Motors|BRM]]<br /> | rowspan=2| [[BRP Mk 1|Mk 1]]&lt;br&gt;[[BRP Mk 2|Mk 2]]<br /> | rowspan=2| [[British Racing Motors|BRM]] P56 1.5 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Innes Ireland]]<br /> | 3–5, 7–10<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Trevor Taylor]]<br /> | 1, 3–4, 7–10<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} DW Racing Enterprises<br /> ! [[Brabham]]-[[Coventry Climax|Climax]]<br /> | [[Brabham BT11|BT11]]<br /> | [[Coventry Climax|Climax]] FWMV 1.5 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> | {{Dunlop}}<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Bob Anderson (racing driver)|Bob Anderson]]<br /> | 1–8<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=3| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Reg Parnell|Reg Parnell Racing]]<br /> ! rowspan=3| [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[British Racing Motors|BRM]]<br /> | rowspan=3| [[Lotus 25|25]]&lt;br&gt;[[Lotus 24|24]]<br /> | rowspan=3| [[British Racing Motors|BRM]] P56 1.5 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> | rowspan=3| {{Dunlop}}<br /> | {{flagicon|NZL}} [[Chris Amon]]<br /> | 1–7, 9–10<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Mike Hailwood]]<br /> | 1–2, 4–10<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|USA}} [[Peter Revson]]<br /> | 3–5<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=8| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Rob Walker Racing Team|R.R.C. Walker Racing Team]]<br /> ! rowspan=2| [[Cooper Car Company|Cooper]]-[[Coventry Climax|Climax]]<br /> | rowspan=2| [[Cooper T66|T66]]<br /> | rowspan=2| [[Coventry Climax|Climax]] FWMV 1.5 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> | rowspan=8| {{Dunlop}}<br /> | {{flagicon|SWE}} [[Jo Bonnier]]<br /> | 1<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|FRG}} [[Edgar Barth]]<br /> | 6<br /> |-<br /> ! rowspan=5| [[Brabham]]-[[British Racing Motors|BRM]]<br /> | rowspan=5| [[Brabham BT11|BT11]]<br /> | rowspan=5| [[British Racing Motors|BRM]] P56 1.5 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> | {{flagicon|SWE}} [[Jo Bonnier]]<br /> | 2–3, 5–6<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|AUT}} [[Jochen Rindt]]<br /> | 7<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Geki (driver)|Geki]]<br /> | 8<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|SUI}} [[Jo Siffert]]<br /> | 9–10<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|USA}} [[Hap Sharp]]<br /> | 9–10<br /> |-<br /> ! [[Brabham]]-[[Coventry Climax|Climax]]<br /> | [[Brabham BT7|BT7]]<br /> | [[Coventry Climax|Climax]] FWMV 1.5 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> | {{flagicon|SWE}} [[Jo Bonnier]]<br /> | 7–10<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=4| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Scuderia Ferrari]] SpA SEFAC&lt;br&gt;{{flagicon|USA}} [[North American Racing Team]]<br /> ! rowspan=4| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> | rowspan=4| [[Ferrari 156|156]]&lt;br&gt;[[Ferrari 158|158]]&lt;br&gt;[[Ferrari 1512|1512]]<br /> | rowspan=4| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]] 178 1.5 [[V6 engine|V6]]&lt;br&gt;[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]] 205B 1.5 [[V8 engine|V8]]&lt;br&gt;[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]] 207 1.5 [[Flat-12|F12]]<br /> | rowspan=4| {{Dunlop}}<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Lorenzo Bandini]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[John Surtees]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Ludovico Scarfiotti]]<br /> | 8<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|MEX|1934}} [[Pedro Rodríguez (racing driver)|Pedro Rodríguez]]<br /> | 10<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=2 | {{flagicon|SUI}} [[Jo Siffert|Siffert Racing Team]]<br /> ! [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[British Racing Motors|BRM]]<br /> | [[Lotus 24|24]]<br /> | rowspan=2 | [[British Racing Motors|BRM]] P56 1.5 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> | rowspan=2 | {{Dunlop}}<br /> | rowspan=2 | {{flagicon|SUI}} [[Jo Siffert]]<br /> | 1<br /> |-<br /> ! [[Brabham]]-[[British Racing Motors|BRM]]<br /> | [[Brabham BT11|BT11]]<br /> | 2–8<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|NED}} [[Ecurie Maarsbergen]]<br /> ! [[Porsche]]<br /> | [[Porsche 718|718]]<br /> | [[Porsche]] 547/6 1.5 [[Flat-4|F4]]<br /> | {{Dunlop}}<br /> | {{flagicon|NED}} [[Carel Godin de Beaufort]]<br /> | 2, 6<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=2| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Scuderia Centro Sud]]<br /> ! rowspan=2| [[British Racing Motors|BRM]]<br /> | rowspan=2| [[BRM P57|P57]]<br /> | rowspan=2| [[British Racing Motors|BRM]] P56 1.5 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> | rowspan=2| {{Dunlop}}<br /> | {{flagicon|RSA|1928}} [[Tony Maggs]]<br /> | 2–3, 5–7<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Giancarlo Baghetti]]<br /> | 2–3, 5–8<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|BEL}} [[Scirocco-Powell|Equipe Scirocco Belge]]<br /> ! [[Scirocco-Powell|Scirocco]]-[[Coventry Climax|Climax]]<br /> | [[Scirocco SP|SP]]<br /> | [[Coventry Climax|Climax]] FWMV 1.5 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> | {{Dunlop}}<br /> | {{flagicon|BEL}} [[André Pilette]]<br /> | 3, 6<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Bob Gerard|Bob Gerard Racing]]<br /> ! [[Cooper Car Company|Cooper]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | [[Cooper T73|T73]]<br /> | [[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] 109E 1.5 [[Straight-4|L4]]<br /> | {{Dunlop}}<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[John Taylor (racing driver)|John Taylor]]<br /> | 5<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Ian Raby|Ian Raby Racing]]<br /> ! [[Brabham]]-[[British Racing Motors|BRM]]<br /> | [[Brabham BT3|BT3]]<br /> | [[British Racing Motors|BRM]] P56 1.5 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> | {{Dunlop}}<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Ian Raby]]<br /> | 5, 8<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} John Willment Automobiles<br /> ! [[Brabham]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | [[Brabham BT10|BT10]]<br /> | [[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] 109E 1.5 [[Straight-4|L4]]<br /> | {{Dunlop}}<br /> | {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Frank Gardner (racing driver)|Frank Gardner]]<br /> | 5<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Honda Racing F1|Honda R &amp; D Company]]<br /> ! [[Honda Racing F1|Honda]]<br /> | [[Honda RA271|RA271]]<br /> | [[Honda Racing F1|Honda]] RA271E 1.5 [[V12 engine|V12]]<br /> | {{Dunlop}}<br /> | {{flagicon|USA}} [[Ronnie Bucknum]]<br /> | 6, 8–9<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Derrington-Francis|Derrington-Francis Racing Team]]<br /> ! [[Derrington-Francis]]-[[Automobili Turismo e Sport|ATS]]<br /> | [[Derrington-Francis|DF]]<br /> | [[Automobili Turismo e Sport|ATS]] 100 1.5 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> | {{Goodyear}}<br /> | {{flagicon|POR}} [[Mário de Araújo Cabral]]<br /> | 8<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|SUI}} Fabre Urbain<br /> ! [[Cooper Car Company|Cooper]]-[[Coventry Climax|Climax]]<br /> | [[Cooper T60|T60]]<br /> | [[Coventry Climax|Climax]] FWMV 1.5 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> | {{Dunlop}}<br /> | {{flagicon|SUI}} [[Jean-Claude Rudaz]]<br /> | 8<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==1964 World Championship of Drivers final standings==<br /> {|<br /> |- valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> |<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 85%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |- valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Pos.<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Driver<br /> ! [[1964 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Monaco}}<br /> ! [[1964 Dutch Grand Prix|NED]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Netherlands}}<br /> ! [[1964 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Belgium}}<br /> ! [[1964 French Grand Prix|FRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|France}}<br /> ! [[1964 British Grand Prix|GBR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|UK}}<br /> ! [[1964 German Grand Prix|GER]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|West Germany}}<br /> ! [[1964 Austrian Grand Prix|AUT]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Austria}}<br /> ! [[1964 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Italy}}<br /> ! [[1964 United States Grand Prix|USA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|USA}}<br /> ! [[1964 Mexican Grand Prix|MEX]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Mexico|1934}}<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Pts.<br /> |-<br /> ! 1<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[John Surtees]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''''1'''''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;|'' '''1'''''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''40'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 2<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Graham Hill]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| ''1''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| (5)<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''39 (41)'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 3<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Jim Clark]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''4'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| ''1''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;|''' Ret'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''''1'''''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| '''''7'''''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''''5'''''<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''32'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 4<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Lorenzo Bandini]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''23'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 5<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Richie Ginther]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''23'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 6<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Dan Gurney]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''''6'''''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| ''Ret''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''19'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 7<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|New Zealand}} [[Bruce McLaren]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''13'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 8<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Australia}} [[Jack Brabham]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| ''3''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 15<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''11'''<br /> |-<br /> ! =<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Peter Arundell]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''11'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 10<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Switzerland}} [[Jo Siffert]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 17<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''7'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 11<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Bob Anderson (racing driver)|Bob Anderson]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;white&quot;| DNS<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''5'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 12<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Mike Spence]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''4'''<br /> |-<br /> ! =<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[Tony Maggs]]<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;white&quot;| DNS<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''4'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 14<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Innes Ireland]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;white&quot;|DNS<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''4'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 15<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Sweden}} [[Jo Bonnier]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 18<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 16<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|New Zealand}} [[Chris Amon]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#FFCFCF&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |-<br /> ! =<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[Maurice Trintignant]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#FFCFCF&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 18<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Walt Hansgen]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 19<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Phil Hill]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |-<br /> ! =<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Trevor Taylor]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#FFCFCF&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 19<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |-<br /> ! =<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Mike Hailwood]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 16<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |-<br /> ! =<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Mexico|1934}} [[Pedro Rodriguez (racing driver)|Pedro Rodriguez]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Giancarlo Baghetti]]<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|West Germany}} [[Gerhard Mitter]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Ludovico Scarfiotti]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Mexico|1934}} [[Moisés Solana]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Peter Revson]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#FFCFCF&quot;| DNQ<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#000000&quot; style=&quot;color: #ffffff&quot;| DSQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;white&quot;| DNS<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Ronnie Bucknum]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Hap Sharp]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[John Taylor (racer)|John Taylor]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Netherlands}} [[Carel Godin de Beaufort]]<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;white&quot;| DNS<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Belgium}} [[André Pilette]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#FFCFCF&quot;| DNQ<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Ian Raby]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#FFCFCF&quot;| DNQ<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Australia}} [[Frank Gardner (driver)|Frank Gardner]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|West Germany}} [[Edgar Barth]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Jochen Rindt]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Portugal}} [[Mario de Araujo Cabral]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Switzerland}} [[Jean-Claude Rudaz]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;white&quot;| DNS<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[Bernard Collomb]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#FFCFCF&quot;| DNQ<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Rhodesia|1964}} [[John Love (racing driver)|John Love]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#FFCFCF&quot;| DNQ<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Geki (driver)|Geki]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#FFCFCF&quot;| DNQ<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |- valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Pos.<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Driver<br /> ! [[1964 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Monaco}}<br /> ! [[1964 Dutch Grand Prix|NED]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Netherlands}}<br /> ! [[1964 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Belgium}}<br /> ! [[1964 French Grand Prix|FRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|France}}<br /> ! [[1964 British Grand Prix|GBR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|UK}}<br /> ! [[1964 German Grand Prix|GER]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|West Germany}}<br /> ! [[1964 Austrian Grand Prix|AUT]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Austria}}<br /> ! [[1964 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Italy}}<br /> ! [[1964 United States Grand Prix|USA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|USA}}<br /> ! [[1964 Mexican Grand Prix|MEX]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Mexico|1934}}<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Pts.<br /> |}<br /> |<br /> {{F1 driver results legend 2}}<br /> |}<br /> <br /> * Championship points were awarded on a 9–6–4–3–2–1 basis for the first six positions in each race.<br /> * Only the best 6 results counted toward the championship. Hill scored 41 points during the year, but only 39 points were counted toward the championship. Surtees scored 40 points, all of which counted toward the championship. Thus, Surtees became the World Champion, although he did not score the most points over the course of the year.<br /> <br /> ==1964 International Cup for F1 Manufacturers – final standings==<br /> [[File:Surtees Ferrari 158 Goodwood July 2010.jpg|thumb|Ferrari won the 1964 World Constructor's Championship, with the [[Ferrari 158|158]].]] <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 85%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |- valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> ! valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Pos.<br /> ! valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Manufacturer<br /> ! [[1964 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Monaco}}<br /> ! [[1964 Dutch Grand Prix|NED]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Netherlands}}<br /> ! [[1964 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Belgium}}<br /> ! [[1964 French Grand Prix|FRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|France}}<br /> ! [[1964 British Grand Prix|GBR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|UK}}<br /> ! [[1964 German Grand Prix|GER]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|West Germany}}<br /> ! [[1964 Austrian Grand Prix|AUT]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Austria}}<br /> ! [[1964 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Italy}}<br /> ! [[1964 United States Grand Prix|USA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|USA}}<br /> ! [[1964 Mexican Grand Prix|MEX]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Mexico|1934}}<br /> ! valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Pts.<br /> |-<br /> ! 1<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| (3)<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''45 (49)'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 2<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[British Racing Motors|BRM]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| (4)<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| (4)<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| (4)<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''42 (51)'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 3<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[Coventry Climax|Climax]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''4'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| (6)<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| (5)<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''4'''<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''37 (40)'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 4<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Brabham]]-[[Coventry Climax|Climax]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''6'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''4'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''30'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 5<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Cooper Car Company|Cooper]]-[[Coventry Climax|Climax]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''5'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''6'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''6'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''16'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 6<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Brabham]]-[[British Racing Motors|BRM]]<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''4'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''7'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 7<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[British Racing Partnership|BRP]]-[[British Racing Motors|BRM]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> | <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''5'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''5'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''6'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''5'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 8<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[British Racing Motors|BRM]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''6'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''5'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Japan}} [[Honda]]<br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> | <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Scirocco-Powell|Scirocco]]-[[Coventry Climax|Climax]]<br /> | WD<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|FRG}} [[Porsche in Formula One|Porsche]]<br /> | <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | <br /> |<br /> | <br /> | DNS<br /> | <br /> |<br /> | <br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Brabham]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |<br /> | <br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> | <br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Derrington-Francis]]-[[Automobili Turismo e Sport|ATS]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |- valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> ! valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Pos.<br /> ! valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Manufacturer<br /> ! [[1964 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Monaco}}<br /> ! [[1964 Dutch Grand Prix|NED]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Netherlands}}<br /> ! [[1964 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Belgium}}<br /> ! [[1964 French Grand Prix|FRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|France}}<br /> ! [[1964 British Grand Prix|GBR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|UK}}<br /> ! [[1964 German Grand Prix|GER]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|West Germany}}<br /> ! [[1964 Austrian Grand Prix|AUT]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Austria}}<br /> ! [[1964 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Italy}}<br /> ! [[1964 United States Grand Prix|USA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|USA}}<br /> ! [[1964 Mexican Grand Prix|MEX]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Mexico|1934}}<br /> ! valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Pts.<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> * Points were awarded on a 9–6–4–3–2–1 basis for the first six positions at each round with only the best six round results retained. Only the best placed car from each manufacturer at each round was eligible to score points.<br /> <br /> ==Non-Championship race results==<br /> Eight other races which did not count towards the World Championship of Drivers and the International Cup for F1 Manufacturers were held for Formula One cars during the season. <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:95%&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Race Name<br /> ! Circuit<br /> ! Date<br /> ! Winning driver<br /> ! Constructor<br /> ! Report<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} II [[Daily Mirror Trophy]]<br /> | [[Snetterton Motor Racing Circuit|Snetterton]]<br /> | March 14<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Innes Ireland]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[British Racing Partnership|BRP]]-[[BRM]]<br /> | [[1964 Daily Mirror Trophy|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} I [[News of the World]] [[Glover Trophy|Trophy]]<br /> | [[Goodwood Circuit|Goodwood]]<br /> | March 30<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Jim Clark]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[Coventry Climax|Climax]]<br /> | [[1964 News of the World Trophy|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} XIII [[Syracuse Grand Prix]]<br /> | [[Syracuse Circuit|Syracuse]]<br /> | April 12<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[John Surtees]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> | [[1964 Syracuse Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} IX [[Aintree 200]]<br /> | [[Aintree Motor Racing Circuit|Aintree]]<br /> | April 18<br /> | {{flagicon|Australia}} [[Jack Brabham]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Brabham]]-[[Coventry Climax|Climax]]<br /> | [[1964 Aintree 200|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} XVI [[BRDC International Trophy]]<br /> | [[Silverstone Circuit|Silverstone]]<br /> | May 2<br /> | {{flagicon|Australia}} [[Jack Brabham]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Brabham]]-[[Coventry Climax|Climax]]<br /> | [[1964 BRDC International Trophy|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|West Germany}} XIV [[Solituderennen|Solitude Grand Prix]]<br /> | [[Solitudering]]<br /> | July 19<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Jim Clark]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[Coventry Climax|Climax]]<br /> | [[1964 Solitude Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} III [[Mediterranean Grand Prix]]<br /> | [[Autodromo di Pergusa|Pergusa]]<br /> | August 16<br /> | {{flagicon|Switzerland}} [[Jo Siffert]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Brabham]]-[[BRM]]<br /> | [[1964 Mediterranean Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} VII [[Rand Grand Prix]]<br /> | [[Kyalami]]<br /> | December 12<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Graham Hill]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Brabham]]-[[BRM]]<br /> | [[1964 Rand Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> &lt;references/&gt;<br /> <br /> {{Formula One Championship}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Formula One seasons]]<br /> [[Category:1964 in Formula One| ]]</div> Tulumino https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1967_Formula_One_season&diff=538924917 1967 Formula One season 2013-02-18T20:15:29Z <p>Tulumino: /* 1967 World Championship of Drivers - final standings */ Hahne added, DSQ before DNQ</p> <hr /> <div>{{F1 season | year = 1967}}<br /> The '''1967 Formula One season''' was the 18th season of [[Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile|FIA]] [[Formula One]] motor racing. It featured the 1967 World Championship of Drivers and the 1967 International Cup for F1 Manufacturers,&lt;ref&gt;FIA Yearbook, 1974, Grey Section, pages 117-118&lt;/ref&gt; contested concurrently over an eleven race series which commenced on January 2, 1967, and ended on October 22. The season also included a number of non-championship races for Fomula One cars.<br /> <br /> ==Season summary==<br /> At the Dutch Grand Prix, Lotus unveiled the new Ford-sponsored [[Cosworth DFV]] engine which was to be one of the outstanding racing engines of all time, winning 155 Grands Prix, Le Mans and Indianapolis. Although [[Jim Clark]] won four races, [[Denny Hulme]] took the title by virtue of his greater consistency. At Monza, Clark pitted to replace a tyre, made up a lap to retake the lead, only to run out of fuel on the last lap; a drive that confirmed his status as one of the all-time greats. [[Dan Gurney]]'s Eagle won its only victory, and [[Pedro Rodríguez (racing driver)|Pedro Rodríguez]] gave Cooper their last win in a dramatic South African Grand Prix in which local driver [[John Love (racing driver)|John Love]] came close to victory in his outdated Cooper-Climax.<br /> <br /> Historically, Denny Hulme is the first of only two drivers to have ever won the title without achieving a single pole position in the season. Only [[Niki Lauda]] managed to repeat this feat in {{F1|1984}}.<br /> <br /> Two drivers died in Formula One related events in 1967. Lorenzo Bandini died in a fiery accident during the Monaco Grand Prix, driving a works Ferrari, and Bob Anderson during a test at Silverstone driving a Brabham.<br /> <br /> ==Season review==<br /> [[File:Hulme seitenrichtig.jpg|thumb|150px|New Zealander Denny Hulme (pictured in 1973) won the driver's championship, driving for Brabham]]<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:85%&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Rnd<br /> ! Race<br /> ! Circuit<br /> ! Date<br /> ! Pole position<br /> ! Fastest lap<br /> ! Winning driver<br /> ! Constructor<br /> ! Tyre<br /> ! Report<br /> |-<br /> ! 1<br /> | {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[South African Grand Prix]]<br /> | [[Kyalami]]<br /> | January 2<br /> | {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Jack Brabham]]<br /> | {{flagicon|NZL}} [[Denny Hulme]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Mexico|1934}} [[Pedro Rodríguez (racing driver)|Pedro Rodríguez]]<br /> | {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Cooper Car Company|Cooper]]-[[Maserati in motorsport|Maserati]]<br /> | {{Firestone}}<br /> | [[1967 South African Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 2<br /> | {{flagicon|Monaco}} [[Monaco Grand Prix]]<br /> | [[Circuit de Monaco|Monaco]]<br /> | May 7<br /> | {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Jack Brabham]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Jim Clark]]<br /> | {{flagicon|New Zealand}} [[Denny Hulme]]<br /> | {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Brabham]]-[[Repco]]<br /> | {{Goodyear}}<br /> | [[1967 Monaco Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 3<br /> | {{flagicon|Netherlands}} [[Dutch Grand Prix]]<br /> | [[Circuit Park Zandvoort|Zandvoort]]<br /> | June 4<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Graham Hill]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Jim Clark]]<br /> | {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Jim Clark]]<br /> | {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | {{Firestone}}<br /> | [[1967 Dutch Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 4<br /> | {{flagicon|Belgium}} [[Belgian Grand Prix]]<br /> | [[Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps|Spa-Francorchamps]]<br /> | June 18<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Jim Clark]]<br /> | {{flagicon|USA}} [[Dan Gurney]]<br /> | {{flagicon|USA}} [[Dan Gurney]]<br /> | {{flagicon|USA}} [[Anglo American Racers|Eagle]]-[[Weslake]]<br /> | {{Goodyear}}<br /> | [[1967 Belgian Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 5<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[French Grand Prix]]<br /> | [[Circuit de la Sarthe#Bugatti Circuit|Le Mans Bugatti ]]<br /> | July 2<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Graham Hill]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Graham Hill]]<br /> | {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Jack Brabham]]<br /> | {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Brabham]]-[[Repco]]<br /> | {{Goodyear}}<br /> | [[1967 French Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 6<br /> | {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[British Grand Prix]]<br /> | [[Silverstone Circuit|Silverstone]]<br /> | July 15<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Jim Clark]]<br /> | {{flagicon|NZL}} [[Denny Hulme]]<br /> | {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Jim Clark]]<br /> | {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | {{Firestone}}<br /> | [[1967 British Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 7<br /> | {{flagicon|West Germany}} [[German Grand Prix]]<br /> | [[Nürburgring]]<br /> | August 6<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Jim Clark]]<br /> | {{flagicon|USA}} [[Dan Gurney]]<br /> | {{flagicon|New Zealand}} [[Denny Hulme]]<br /> | {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Brabham]]-[[Repco]]<br /> | {{Goodyear}}<br /> | [[1967 German Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 8<br /> | {{flagicon|Canada}} [[Canadian Grand Prix]]<br /> | [[Mosport International Raceway|Mosport Park]]<br /> | August 27<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Jim Clark]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Jim Clark]]<br /> | {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Jack Brabham]]<br /> | {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Brabham]]-[[Repco]]<br /> | {{Goodyear}}<br /> | [[1967 Canadian Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 9<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Italian Grand Prix]]<br /> | [[Autodromo Nazionale Monza|Monza]]<br /> | September 10<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Jim Clark]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Jim Clark]]<br /> | {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[John Surtees]]<br /> | {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Honda F1|Honda]]<br /> | {{Firestone}}<br /> | [[1967 Italian Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 10<br /> | {{flagicon|United States}} [[United States Grand Prix]]<br /> | [[Watkins Glen International|Watkins Glen]]<br /> | October 1<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Graham Hill]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Graham Hill]]<br /> | {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Jim Clark]]<br /> | {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | {{Firestone}}<br /> | [[1967 United States Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 11<br /> | {{flagicon|Mexico|1934}} [[Mexican Grand Prix]]<br /> | [[Autódromo Hermanos Rodríguez|Hermanos Rodríguez]]<br /> | October 22<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Jim Clark]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Jim Clark]]<br /> | {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Jim Clark]]<br /> | {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | {{Firestone}}<br /> | [[1967 Mexican Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Teams and drivers==<br /> <br /> The following [[List of Formula One constructors|teams]] and [[List of Formula One drivers|drivers]] competed in the 1967 [[Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile|FIA]] [[List of Formula One World Champions|World Championship]].<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 85%&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Entrant<br /> ! Constructor<br /> ! Chassis<br /> ! Engine<br /> ! Tyre<br /> ! Driver<br /> ! Rounds<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=2| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Brabham|Brabham Racing Organisation]]<br /> ! rowspan=2| [[Brabham]]-[[Repco]]<br /> | rowspan=2| [[Brabham BT20|BT20]]&lt;br&gt;[[Brabham BT19|BT19]]&lt;br&gt;[[Brabham BT24|BT24]]<br /> | rowspan=2| [[Repco]] 740 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> | rowspan=2| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Jack Brabham]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|NZL}} [[Denny Hulme]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=5| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Cooper Car Company]]<br /> ! rowspan=5| [[Cooper Car Company|Cooper]]-[[Maserati in motorsport|Maserati]]<br /> | rowspan=5| [[Cooper T81|T81]]&lt;br&gt;[[Cooper T81B|T81B]]&lt;br&gt;[[Cooper T86|T86]]<br /> | rowspan=5| [[Maserati in motorsport|Maserati]] 9/F1 3.0 [[V12 engine|V12]]&lt;br&gt;[[Maserati in motorsport|Maserati]] 10/F1 3.0 [[V12 engine|V12]]<br /> | rowspan=5| {{Firestone}}<br /> | {{flagicon|AUT}} [[Jochen Rindt]]<br /> | 1-10<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|MEX|1934}} [[Pedro Rodríguez (racing driver)|Pedro Rodríguez]]<br /> | 1-7, 11<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Alan Rees]]<br /> | 6<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Richard Attwood]]<br /> | 8<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|BEL}} [[Jacky Ickx]]<br /> | 9-10<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=2| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[British Racing Motors|Owen Racing Organisation]]<br /> ! rowspan=2| [[British Racing Motors|BRM]]<br /> | rowspan=2| [[BRM P83|P83]]&lt;br&gt;[[BRM P261|P261]]&lt;br&gt;[[BRM P115|P115]]<br /> | rowspan=2| [[British Racing Motors|BRM]] P75 3.0 [[H engine|H16]]&lt;br&gt;[[British Racing Motors|BRM]] P60 2.1 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> | rowspan=2| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Jackie Stewart]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Mike Spence]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=9| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Team Lotus]]<br /> ! rowspan=2| [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[British Racing Motors|BRM]]<br /> | rowspan=2| [[Lotus 43|43]]&lt;br&gt;[[Lotus 33|33]]<br /> | rowspan=2| [[British Racing Motors|BRM]] P75 3.0 [[H engine|H16]]&lt;br&gt;[[British Racing Motors|BRM]] P60 2.1 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> | rowspan=8| {{Firestone}}<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Jim Clark]]<br /> | 1<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Graham Hill]]<br /> | 1-2<br /> |-<br /> ! [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[Coventry Climax|Climax]]<br /> | [[Lotus 33|33]]<br /> | [[Coventry Climax|Climax]] FWMV 2.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Jim Clark]]<br /> | 2<br /> |-<br /> ! rowspan=6| [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | rowspan=5| [[Lotus 49|49]]<br /> | rowspan=5| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Jim Clark]]<br /> | 3-11<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Graham Hill]]<br /> | 3-11<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|CAN}} [[Eppie Wietzes]]<br /> | 8<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Giancarlo Baghetti]]<br /> | 9<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|MEX|1934}} [[Moisés Solana]]<br /> | 10-11<br /> |-<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffcccc&quot;| [[Lotus 48|48]]<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffcccc&quot;| [[Ford Cosworth FVA]] 1.6 [[Straight-4|L4]]<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffcccc&quot;| {{Firestone}}<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffcccc&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Jackie Oliver]]<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffcccc&quot;| 7<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=5| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Anglo American Racers]]<br /> ! [[Anglo American Racers|Eagle]]-[[Coventry Climax|Climax]]<br /> | [[Eagle Mk1|T1F]]<br /> | [[Coventry Climax|Climax]] FPF 2.8 [[Straight-4|L4]]<br /> | rowspan=5| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | {{flagicon|USA}} [[Dan Gurney]]<br /> | 1<br /> |-<br /> ! rowspan=4| [[Anglo American Racers|Eagle]]-[[Weslake]]<br /> | rowspan=4| [[Eagle Mk1|T1G]]<br /> | rowspan=4| [[Weslake]] 58 3.0 [[V12 engine|V12]]<br /> | {{flagicon|USA}} [[Dan Gurney]]<br /> | 2-11<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|USA}} [[Richie Ginther]]<br /> | 2<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|NZL}} [[Bruce McLaren]]<br /> | 5-7<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Ludovico Scarfiotti]]<br /> | 9<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Honda F1|Honda Racing]]<br /> ! [[Honda F1|Honda]]<br /> | [[Honda RA273|RA273]]&lt;br&gt;[[Honda RA300|RA300]]<br /> | [[Honda F1|Honda]] RA273E 3.0 [[V12 engine|V12]]<br /> | {{Firestone}}<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[John Surtees]]<br /> | 1-4, 6-7, 9-11<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Rob Walker Racing Team|Rob Walker]]/Jack Durlacher [[Rob Walker Racing Team|Racing Team]]<br /> ! [[Cooper Car Company|Cooper]]-[[Maserati in motorsport|Maserati]]<br /> | [[Cooper T81|T81]]<br /> | [[Maserati in motorsport|Maserati]] 9/F1 3.0 [[V12 engine|V12]]<br /> | {{Firestone}}<br /> | {{flagicon|SUI}} [[Jo Siffert]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} DW Racing Enterprises<br /> ! [[Brabham]]-[[Coventry Climax|Climax]]<br /> | [[Brabham BT11|BT11]]<br /> | [[Coventry Climax|Climax]] FPF 2.8 [[Straight-4|L4]]<br /> | {{Firestone}}&lt;br&gt;{{Dunlop}}<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Bob Anderson (racing driver)|Bob Anderson]]<br /> | 1-6<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|SWE}} [[Ecurie Bonnier|Joakim Bonnier Racing Team]]<br /> ! [[Cooper Car Company|Cooper]]-[[Maserati in motorsport|Maserati]]<br /> | [[Cooper T81|T81]]<br /> | [[Maserati in motorsport|Maserati]] 9/F1 3.0 [[V12 engine|V12]]<br /> | {{Firestone}}<br /> | {{flagicon|SWE}} [[Joakim Bonnier]]<br /> | 1, 4, 6-11<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=4| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Reg Parnell|Reg Parnell Racing]]<br /> ! rowspan=2| [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[British Racing Motors|BRM]]<br /> | rowspan=2| [[Lotus 25|25]]<br /> | rowspan=2| [[British Racing Motors|BRM]] P56 2.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> | rowspan=4| {{Firestone}}<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Piers Courage]]<br /> | 1<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Chris Irwin]]<br /> | 3<br /> |-<br /> ! rowspan=2| [[British Racing Motors|BRM]]<br /> | rowspan=2| [[BRM P261|P261]]&lt;br&gt;[[BRM P83|P83]]<br /> | rowspan=2| [[British Racing Motors|BRM]] P56 2.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]&lt;br&gt;[[British Racing Motors|BRM]] P75 3.0 [[H engine|H16]]<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Piers Courage]]<br /> | 2, 6<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Chris Irwin]]<br /> | 4-11<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|Rhodesia|1964}} [[John Love (racing driver)|John Love]]<br /> ! [[Cooper Car Company|Cooper]]-[[Coventry Climax|Climax]]<br /> | [[Cooper T79|T79]]<br /> | [[Coventry Climax|Climax]] FPF 2.8 [[Straight-4|L4]]<br /> | {{Firestone}}<br /> | {{flagicon|Rhodesia|1964}} [[John Love (racing driver)|John Love]]<br /> | 1<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|Rhodesia|1964}} [[Sam Tingle]]<br /> ! [[LDS (automobile)|LDS]]-[[Coventry Climax|Climax]]<br /> | [[LDS Mk 3|Mk 3]]<br /> | [[Coventry Climax|Climax]] FPF 2.8 [[Straight-4|L4]]<br /> | {{Firestone}}<br /> | {{flagicon|Rhodesia|1964}} [[Sam Tingle]]<br /> | 1<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|RSA|1928}} Scuderia Scribante<br /> ! [[Brabham]]-[[Coventry Climax|Climax]]<br /> | [[Brabham BT11|BT11]]<br /> | [[Coventry Climax|Climax]] FPF 2.8 [[Straight-4|L4]]<br /> | ?<br /> | {{flagicon|RSA|1928}} [[Dave Charlton]]<br /> | 1<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|RSA|1928}} [[Luki Botha]]<br /> ! [[Brabham]]-[[Coventry Climax|Climax]]<br /> | [[Brabham BT11|BT11]]<br /> | [[Coventry Climax|Climax]] FPF 2.8 [[Straight-4|L4]]<br /> | ?<br /> | {{flagicon|RSA|1928}} [[Luki Botha]]<br /> | 1<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=2| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Matra|Matra Sports]]<br /> ! rowspan=2| [[Matra]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | rowspan=2| [[Matra MS7|MS7]]<br /> | rowspan=2|[[Ford Cosworth FVA]] 1.6 [[Straight-4|L4]]<br /> | rowspan=2| {{Dunlop}}<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Jean-Pierre Beltoise]]<br /> | 2, 10-11<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Johnny Servoz-Gavin]]<br /> | 2<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[McLaren|Bruce McLaren Motor Racing]]<br /> ! [[McLaren]]-[[British Racing Motors|BRM]]<br /> | [[McLaren M4B|M4B]]&lt;br&gt;[[McLaren M5A|M5A]]<br /> | [[British Racing Motors|BRM]] P56 2.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]&lt;br&gt;[[British Racing Motors|BRM]] P142 3.0 [[V12 engine|V12]]<br /> | {{Goodyear}}<br /> | {{flagicon|NZL}} [[Bruce McLaren]]<br /> | 2-3, 8-11<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=5| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Scuderia Ferrari SpA SEFAC]]<br /> ! rowspan=5| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> | rowspan=5| [[Ferrari 312|312]]<br /> | rowspan=5| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]] 242 3.0 [[V12 engine|V12]]&lt;br&gt;[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]] 218 3.0 [[V12 engine|V12]]<br /> | rowspan=5| {{Firestone}}<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Lorenzo Bandini]]<br /> | 2<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|NZL}} [[Chris Amon]]<br /> | 2-11<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Mike Parkes]]<br /> | 3-4<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Ludovico Scarfiotti]]<br /> | 3-4<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Jonathan Williams (racing driver)|Jonathan Williams]]<br /> | 11<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=2| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Guy Ligier]]<br /> ! [[Cooper Car Company|Cooper]]-[[Maserati in motorsport|Maserati]]<br /> | [[Cooper T81|T81]]<br /> | [[Maserati in motorsport|Maserati]] 9/F1 3.0 [[V12 engine|V12]]<br /> | rowspan=2| {{Dunlop}}&lt;br&gt;{{Firestone}}<br /> | rowspan=2| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Guy Ligier]]<br /> | 4-5<br /> |-<br /> ! [[Brabham]]-[[Repco]]<br /> | [[Brabham BT20|BT20]]<br /> | [[Repco]] 620 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> | 6-7, 9-11<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Bernard White Racing]]<br /> ! [[British Racing Motors|BRM]]<br /> | [[BRM P261|P261]]<br /> | [[British Racing Motors|BRM]] P60 2.1 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> | {{Goodyear}}<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[David Hobbs (racing driver)|David Hobbs]]<br /> | 6, 8<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|SUI}} Charles Vögele Racing<br /> ! [[Cooper Car Company|Cooper]]-[[Automobili Turismo e Sport|ATS]]<br /> | [[Cooper T77|T77]]<br /> | [[Automobili Turismo e Sport|ATS]] 2.7 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> | {{Dunlop}}<br /> | {{flagicon|SUI}} [[Silvio Moser]]<br /> | 6<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|FRG}} [[BMW in Formula One|Bayerische Motoren Werke AG]]<br /> ! [[Lola Cars|Lola]]-[[BMW in Formula One|BMW]]<br /> | [[Lola T100|T100]]<br /> | [[BMW in Formula One|BMW]] M10 2.0 [[Straight-4|L4]]<br /> | {{Dunlop}}<br /> | {{flagicon|FRG}} [[Hubert Hahne]]<br /> | 7<br /> |-<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffcccc&quot;| {{flagicon|FRG}} [[Gerhard Mitter]]<br /> ! [[Brabham]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffcccc&quot;| [[Brabham BT23|BT23]]<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffcccc&quot;| [[Ford Cosworth FVA]] 1.6 [[Straight-4|L4]]<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffcccc&quot;| {{Dunlop}}<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffcccc&quot;| {{flagicon|FRG}} [[Gerhard Mitter]]<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffcccc&quot;| 7<br /> |-<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffcccc&quot;| {{flagicon|USA}} Roy Winkelmann Racing<br /> ! [[Brabham]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffcccc&quot;| [[Brabham BT23|BT23]]<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffcccc&quot;| [[Ford Cosworth FVA]] 1.6 [[Straight-4|L4]]<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffcccc&quot;| ?<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffcccc&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Alan Rees]]<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffcccc&quot;| 7<br /> |-<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffcccc&quot;| {{flagicon|FRA}} Ecurie Ford-France<br /> ! [[Matra]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffcccc&quot;| [[Matra MS5|MS5]]<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffcccc&quot;| [[Ford Cosworth FVA]] 1.6 [[Straight-4|L4]]<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffcccc&quot;| {{Dunlop}}<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffcccc&quot;| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Jo Schlesser]]<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffcccc&quot;| 7<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=2 bgcolor=&quot;#ffcccc&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} Ron Harris Racing Team<br /> ! rowspan=2| [[Protos (constructor)|Protos]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | rowspan=2 bgcolor=&quot;#ffcccc&quot;| [[Protos F2|F2]]<br /> | rowspan=2 bgcolor=&quot;#ffcccc&quot;| [[Ford Cosworth FVA]] 1.6 [[Straight-4|L4]]<br /> | rowspan=2 bgcolor=&quot;#ffcccc&quot;| ?<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffcccc&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Brian Hart]]<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffcccc&quot;| 7<br /> |-<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffcccc&quot;| {{flagicon|FRG}} [[Kurt Ahrens, Jr.]]<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffcccc&quot;| 7<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=2 bgcolor=&quot;#ffcccc&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Lola Cars]]<br /> ! [[Lola Cars|Lola]]-[[BMW in Formula One|BMW]]<br /> | rowspan=2 bgcolor=&quot;#ffcccc&quot;| [[Lola T100|T100]]<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffcccc&quot;| [[BMW in Formula One|BMW]] M10 2.0 [[Straight-4|L4]]<br /> | rowspan=2 bgcolor=&quot;#ffcccc&quot;| {{Firestone}}<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffcccc&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[David Hobbs (racing driver)|David Hobbs]]<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffcccc&quot;| 7<br /> |-<br /> ! [[Lola Cars|Lola]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffcccc&quot;| [[Ford Cosworth FVA]] 1.6 [[Straight-4|L4]]<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffcccc&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Brian Redman]]<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffcccc&quot;| 7<br /> |-<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffcccc&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell Racing Organisation]]<br /> ! [[Matra]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffcccc&quot;| [[Matra MS7|MS7]]<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffcccc&quot;| [[Ford Cosworth FVA]] 1.6 [[Straight-4|L4]]<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffcccc&quot;| {{Dunlop}}<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffcccc&quot;| {{flagicon|BEL}} [[Jacky Ickx]]<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffcccc&quot;| 7<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|USA}} [[Mike Fisher (driver)|Mike Fisher]]<br /> ! [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[British Racing Motors|BRM]]<br /> | [[Lotus 33|33]]<br /> | [[British Racing Motors|BRM]] P60 2.1 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> | {{Firestone}}<br /> | {{flagicon|USA}} [[Mike Fisher (driver)|Mike Fisher]]<br /> | 8, 11<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|CAN}} [[Castrol|Castrol Oils Ltd]]<br /> ! [[Anglo American Racers|Eagle]]-[[Coventry Climax|Climax]]<br /> | [[Eagle Mk1|T1F]]<br /> | [[Coventry Climax|Climax]] FPF 2.8 [[Straight-4|L4]]<br /> | {{Goodyear}}<br /> | {{flagicon|CAN}} [[Al Pease]]<br /> | 8<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|USA}} [[Tom Jones (racing driver)|Tom Jones]]<br /> ! [[Cooper Car Company|Cooper]]-[[Coventry Climax|Climax]]<br /> | [[Cooper T82|T82]]<br /> | [[Coventry Climax|Climax]] FWMV 2.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> | ?<br /> | {{flagicon|USA}} [[Tom Jones (racing driver)|Tom Jones]]<br /> | 8<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> * Pink background denotes F2 entrants to the German Grand Prix<br /> <br /> ==1967 World Championship of Drivers - final standings==<br /> [[File:Clark67.jpg|thumb|Jim Clark won the 1967 United States Grand Prix at Watkins Glen]]<br /> <br /> Championship points were awarded on a 9-6-4-3-2-1 basis to the first six finishers in each round. Only the best five results from the first six races and the best four results from the last five races could be retained by each driver.<br /> {|<br /> |- valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> |<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 85%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |- valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Pos.<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Driver<br /> ! [[1967 South African Grand Prix|RSA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|South Africa|1928}}<br /> ! [[1967 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Monaco}}<br /> ! [[1967 Dutch Grand Prix|NED]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Netherlands}}<br /> ! [[1967 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Belgium}}<br /> ! [[1967 French Grand Prix|FRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|France}}<br /> ! [[1967 British Grand Prix|GBR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|UK}}<br /> ! [[1967 German Grand Prix|GER]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|West Germany}}<br /> ! [[1967 Canadian Grand Prix|CAN]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Canada}}<br /> ! [[1967 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Italy}}<br /> ! [[1967 United States Grand Prix|USA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|USA}}<br /> ! [[1967 Mexican Grand Prix|MEX]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Mexico|1934}}<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Pts.&lt;ref name=&quot;points&quot;/&gt;<br /> |-<br /> ! 1<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|New Zealand}} [[Denny Hulme]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| ''4''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| ''2''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''51'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 2<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Australia}} [[Jack Brabham]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''6'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''46 (48)'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 3<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Jim Clark]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| ''Ret''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| ''1''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''6'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''''Ret'''''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| '''''3'''''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''''1'''''<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''41'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 4<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[John Surtees]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''20'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 5<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|New Zealand}} [[Chris Amon]]<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''20'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 6<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Mexico|1934}} [[Pedro Rodríguez (racing driver)|Pedro Rodríguez]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''15'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 7<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Graham Hill]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''''Ret'''''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''''2'''''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''15'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 8<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Dan Gurney]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| ''1''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| ''Ret''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''13'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 9<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Jackie Stewart]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''10'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 10<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Mike Spence]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''9'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 11<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Rhodesia|1964}} [[John Love (racing driver)|John Love]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''6'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 12<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Switzerland}} [[Jo Siffert]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;white&quot;| DNS<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''6'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 13<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Jochen Rindt]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''6'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 14<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|New Zealand}} [[Bruce McLaren]]<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 15<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Sweden}} [[Jo Bonnier]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 16<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Chris Irwin]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 17<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Bob Anderson (racing driver)|Bob Anderson]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 18<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Mike Parkes]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 19<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[Guy Ligier]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 20<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Ludovico Scarfiotti]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 21<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Belgium}} [[Jacky Ickx]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[Jean-Pierre Beltoise]]<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[David Hobbs (racing driver)|David Hobbs]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Jonathan Williams (racing driver)|Jonathan Williams]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Alan Rees]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Richard Attwood]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Mike Fisher (driver)|Mike Fisher]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[Dave Charlton]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[Luki Botha]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Canada}} [[Al Pease]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Piers Courage]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;white&quot;|DNS<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Mexico|1934}} [[Moisés Solana]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Rhodesia|1964}} [[Sam Tingle]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Lorenzo Bandini]]†<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret†<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[Johnny Servoz-Gavin]]<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Switzerland}} [[Silvio Moser]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Germany}} [[Hubert Hahne]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Giancarlo Baghetti]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Canada}} [[Eppie Wietzes]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#000000&quot; style=&quot;color: #ffffff&quot;| DSQ<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Tom Jones (auto racer)|Tom Jones]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Richie Ginther]]<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |- valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Pos.<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Driver<br /> ! [[1967 South African Grand Prix|RSA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|South Africa|1928}}<br /> ! [[1967 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Monaco}}<br /> ! [[1967 Dutch Grand Prix|NED]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Netherlands}}<br /> ! [[1967 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Belgium}}<br /> ! [[1967 French Grand Prix|FRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|France}}<br /> ! [[1967 British Grand Prix|GBR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|UK}}<br /> ! [[1967 German Grand Prix|GER]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|West Germany}}<br /> ! [[1967 Canadian Grand Prix|CAN]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Canada}}<br /> ! [[1967 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Italy}}<br /> ! [[1967 United States Grand Prix|USA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|USA}}<br /> ! [[1967 Mexican Grand Prix|MEX]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Mexico|1934}}<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Pts.<br /> |}<br /> |<br /> {{F1 driver results legend 2}}<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==1967 International Cup for F1 Manufacturers - final standings==<br /> Points were awarded on a 9-6-4-3-2-1 basis to the first six finishers at each round, however only the best placed car from each manufacturer was eligible to score points. The best five results from the first six rounds and the best four results from the last five rounds were retained.<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 85%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |- valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> ! valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Pos.<br /> ! valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Manufacturer<br /> ! [[1967 South African Grand Prix|RSA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|South Africa|1928}}<br /> ! [[1967 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Monaco}}<br /> ! [[1967 Dutch Grand Prix|NED]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Netherlands}}<br /> ! [[1967 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Belgium}}<br /> ! [[1967 French Grand Prix|FRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|France}}<br /> ! [[1967 British Grand Prix|GBR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|UK}}<br /> ! [[1967 German Grand Prix|GER]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|West Germany}}<br /> ! [[1967 Canadian Grand Prix|CAN]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Canada}}<br /> ! [[1967 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Italy}}<br /> ! [[1967 United States Grand Prix|USA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|USA}}<br /> ! [[1967 Mexican Grand Prix|MEX]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Mexico|1934}}<br /> ! valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Pts.&lt;ref name=&quot;points&quot;&gt;Only the best 5 results from the first 6 rounds and the best 4 results from the last 5 rounds counted towards the Championship. Numbers without parentheses are Championship points; numbers in parentheses are total points scored.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> ! 1<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Brabham]]-[[Repco]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''4'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2''' <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2''' <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2''' <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2''' <br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''63 (67)'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 2<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |<br /> | <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''6'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''4'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1''' <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1''' <br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''44'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 3<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Cooper Car Company|Cooper]]-[[Maserati in motorsport|Maserati]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''5'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''4'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''4'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''5'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''5'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''4'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''4'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''6'''<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''28'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 4<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Japan}} [[Honda]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| '''3''' <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret <br /> | <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''6''' <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''4'''<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''4'''<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''20'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 5<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''4'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''6'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''20'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 6<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[British Racing Motors|BRM]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''6'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''5'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''5'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''5'''<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''17'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 7<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Anglo American Racers|Eagle]]-[[Weslake]]<br /> | <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret <br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''13'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 8<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[British Racing Motors|BRM]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> | <br /> | <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''6'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 9<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Cooper Car Company|Cooper]]-[[Coventry Climax|Climax]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''6'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 10<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Team McLaren|McLaren]]-[[British Racing Motors|BRM]]<br /> | <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''4'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 11<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Brabham]]-[[Coventry Climax|Climax]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''5'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Matra]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret <br /> | <br /> | <br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7 <br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Anglo American Racers|Eagle]]-[[Coventry Climax|Climax]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC <br /> | <br /> | <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret <br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[LDS (automobile)|LDS]]-[[Coventry Climax|Climax]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret <br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[Coventry Climax|Climax]]<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> | <br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Cooper Car Company|Cooper]]-[[Automobili Turismo e Sport|ATS]]<br /> | <br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret <br /> |<br /> | <br /> |<br /> |<br /> | <br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |- valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> ! valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Pos.<br /> ! valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Manufacturer<br /> ! [[1967 South African Grand Prix|RSA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|South Africa|1928}}<br /> ! [[1967 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Monaco}}<br /> ! [[1967 Dutch Grand Prix|NED]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Netherlands}}<br /> ! [[1967 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Belgium}}<br /> ! [[1967 French Grand Prix|FRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|France}}<br /> ! [[1967 British Grand Prix|GBR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|UK}}<br /> ! [[1967 German Grand Prix|GER]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|West Germany}}<br /> ! [[1967 Canadian Grand Prix|CAN]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Canada}}<br /> ! [[1967 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Italy}}<br /> ! [[1967 United States Grand Prix|USA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|USA}}<br /> ! [[1967 Mexican Grand Prix|MEX]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Mexico|1934}}<br /> ! valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Pts.<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> *'''Bold''' results counted to championship totals.<br /> <br /> ==Non-Championship race results==<br /> Other Formula One races held in 1967, which did not count towards the World Championship.<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:95%&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Race Name<br /> ! Circuit<br /> ! Date<br /> ! Winning driver<br /> ! Constructor<br /> ! Report<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} II [[Race of Champions (Brands Hatch)|Race of Champions]]<br /> | [[Brands Hatch]]<br /> | March 12<br /> | {{flagicon|USA}} [[Dan Gurney]]<br /> | {{flagicon|USA}} [[Anglo American Racers|Eagle]]-[[Weslake]]<br /> | [[1967 Race of Champions|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} I [[Spring Cup]]<br /> | [[Oulton Park]]<br /> | April 15<br /> | {{flagicon|Australia}} [[Jack Brabham]]<br /> | {{Flagicon|UK}} [[Brabham]]-[[Repco]]<br /> | [[1967 Spring Cup|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} XIX [[BRDC International Trophy]]<br /> | [[Silverstone Circuit|Silverstone]]<br /> | April 29<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Mike Parkes]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> | [[1967 BRDC International Trophy|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} XVI [[Syracuse Grand Prix|Gran Premio di Siracusa]]<br /> | [[Syracuse, Sicily|Syracuse]]<br /> | May 21<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Mike Parkes]] &lt;br&gt; {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Ludovico Scarfiotti]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> | [[1967 Syracuse Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} XIV [[Oulton Park Gold Cup|International Gold Cup]]<br /> | [[Oulton Park]]<br /> | September 16<br /> | {{flagicon|Australia}} [[Jack Brabham]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Brabham]]-[[Repco]]<br /> | [[1967 International Gold Cup|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|Spain|1945}} XV [[Spanish Grand Prix]]<br /> | [[Circuito Permanente Del Jarama|Jarama]]<br /> | November 12<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Jim Clark]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | [[1967 Spanish Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Notes &amp; references==<br /> &lt;references/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * [http://www.f1-facts.com/results/season/1967 Results and images from the 1967 World Championship] Retrieved from www.f1-facts.com on 30 August 2009<br /> * [http://www.f1-geschiedenis.be/FORMULE%201/1967/Programma_Covers_1967.htm Official Program covers from the 1967 World Championship] Retrieved from www.f1-geschiedenis.be on 31 August 2009<br /> <br /> {{Formula One Championship}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:1967 Formula One Season}}<br /> [[Category:Formula One seasons]]<br /> [[Category:1967 in Formula One| ]]<br /> <br /> [[ar:بطولة العالم لسباقات الفورمولا واحد موسم 1967]]<br /> [[bg:Световен шампионат на Формула 1 (1967)]]<br /> [[ca:Temporada 1967 de Fórmula 1]]<br /> [[cs:Formule 1 v roce 1967]]<br /> [[de:Formel-1-Saison 1967]]<br /> [[es:Anexo:Temporada 1967 de Fórmula 1]]<br /> [[eu:1967ko 1 Formulako denboraldia]]<br /> [[fa:مسابقات فرمول یک فصل ۱۹۶۷]]<br /> [[fr:Championnat du monde de Formule 1 1967]]<br /> [[gl:Campionato Mundial de Fórmula 1 de 1967]]<br /> [[id:Formula Satu musim 1967]]<br /> [[it:Campionato mondiale di Formula 1 1967]]<br /> [[lt:1967 m. Formulės 1 sezonas]]<br /> [[hu:1967-es Formula–1 világbajnokság]]<br /> [[mr:१९६७ फॉर्म्युला वन हंगाम]]<br /> [[mzn:فصل ۱۹۶۷ فرمول یک مسابقات]]<br /> [[nl:Formule 1 in 1967]]<br /> [[ja:1967年のF1世界選手権]]<br /> [[no:Formel 1-sesongen 1967]]<br /> [[pl:Formuła 1 Sezon 1967]]<br /> [[pt:Temporada de Fórmula 1 de 1967]]<br /> [[ru:Формула-1 в сезоне 1967]]<br /> [[sq:Rezultatet e F1 1967]]<br /> [[simple:1967 Formula One season]]<br /> [[sl:Formula 1 sezona 1967]]<br /> [[fi:Formula 1 -kausi 1967]]<br /> [[sv:Formel 1-VM 1967]]</div> Tulumino https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1968_Formula_One_season&diff=538586596 1968 Formula One season 2013-02-16T17:52:31Z <p>Tulumino: /* 1968 Drivers Championship final standings */ Result Al Pease</p> <hr /> <div>{{F1 season | year = 1968}}<br /> The '''1968 Formula One season''' included the 19th [[Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile|FIA]] [[Formula One]] World Championship season, which commenced on January 1, 1968, and ended on November 3 after twelve races.<br /> <br /> ==Season summary==<br /> Although they had failed to win the title in 1967, by the end of the season the Lotus 49 and the [[Cosworth DFV|DFV]] engine were mature enough to make the Lotus team dominant again. For 1968 Lotus lost its exclusive right to use the DFV. McLaren built a new DFV-powered car and a new force appeared on the scene when [[Ken Tyrrell]] entered his own team using a Cosworth-powered car built by French aeronautics company [[Matra]] and driven by ex-BRM driver [[Jackie Stewart]].<br /> <br /> Unsurprisingly the season-opening 1968 South African Grand Prix confirmed Lotus' superiority, with Jim Clark and Graham Hill finishing 1–2. It would be Clark's last win. On 7 April 1968 Clark, one of the most successful and popular drivers of all time, was killed at Hockenheim in a non-championship Formula Two event.<br /> <br /> The season saw two significant innovations. The first was the arrival of unrestricted [[sponsor (commercial)|sponsorship]], which the FIA decided to permit that year after the withdrawal of support from automobile related firms like BP, Shell and Firestone. In May the Lotus Formula One team appeared at [[Circuito Permanente Del Jarama|Jarama]] in the Red, Gold and White colors of [[Imperial Tobacco]]'s Gold Leaf brand. The second innovation was the introduction of wings as seen previously on various cars including the [[Chaparral Cars|Chaparral]] 2F sports car. Colin Chapman introduced modest front wings and a spoiler on Graham Hill's [[Lotus 49]]B at Monaco. Brabham and Ferrari went one better at the Belgian Grand Prix with full width wings mounted on struts high above the driver. Lotus replied with a full width wing directly connected to the rear suspension that required a redesign of suspension wishbones and transmission shafts. Matra then produced a high mounted front wing connected to the front suspension. This last innovation was mostly used during practice as it required a lot of effort from the driver. By the end of the season most teams were using sophisticated wings.<br /> <br /> Despite the death of Jim Clark, Lotus won both titles in 1968 with [[Graham Hill]], but Stewart was a serious contender, winning several Grands Prix in the Tyrrell-run Matra MS10. Stewart's winning drive during the rain and fog of the [[1968 German Grand Prix]] at the [[Nürburgring]], where he won by a margin of four minutes, is considered as one of the finest ever, even though his rain tires were probably better than those of the competition. The car's most innovative feature was the use of aviation-inspired structural fuel tanks. These allowed the chassis to be around 15&amp;nbsp;kg lighter, while still being stronger than its competitors. The FIA considered the technology to be unsafe and decided to ban it for 1970, insisting on rubber bag-tanks (Which meant the effective end of spaceframe chassis in F1). Safety became a major issue in Formula One.<br /> <br /> [[McLaren]] fielded a pair of Cosworth powered M7s for reigning Formula One World Champion Denny Hulme and team founder Bruce McLaren. McLaren won the non-championship [[Race of Champions (Brands Hatch)|Brands Hatch Race of Champions]], then the [[1968 Belgian Grand Prix|Belgian Grand Prix]] was the scene of the team's first Championship win. In doing so, McLaren became only the third driver to win a race in a car manufactured by his own team - Jack Brabham having done it in 1966 and Dan Gurney in 1967 at Spa Francorchamps. Hulme won the [[1968 Italian Grand Prix|Italian Grand Prix]] and [[1968 Canadian Grand Prix|Canadian Grand Prix]] later in the year.<br /> <br /> Repco produced a more powerful version of their V8 to maintain competitiveness against Ford's new [[Cosworth DFV]], but it proved very unreliable. The Brabhams were fast — Rindt set [[pole position]] twice during the season — but Brabham and Rindt finished only three races between them, and ended the year having scored just ten points.&lt;ref&gt;Fearnley (May 2006) p. 41&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> 1968 turned out to be a turning point in the history of Formula One, in terms of technicalities and safety. Wings were used on Formula One cars and aerodynamics really played a part in terms of the cars' performance, and 5 Grand Prix drivers were killed in this year- including [[Jim Clark]], [[Mike Spence]], [[Jo Schlesser]] and [[Ludovico Scarfiotti]]- Clark at a Formula 2 race at Hockenheim in a Lotus in April, Spence during practice for the Indianapolis 500 in a Lotus in May, Scarfiotti during a hillclimb event in Germany driving a Porsche sportscar in June, and Schlesser during the [[1968 French Grand Prix|French Grand Prix]] driving a Honda in July. It was the last year where all the races were run on tracks with almost no safety modifications. The rather dubious events of the season included Schlesser's almost recklessly caused fatal accident at [[1968 French Grand Prix|Rouen Les Essarts]] and the [[1968 German Grand Prix|German Grand Prix]] run in atrocious rain and thick fog at the dangerous and long [[Nürburgring]], a race that was even questioned at the start to be run in the almost intolerable conditions.<br /> <br /> ==Season review==<br /> [[File:HillGraham1969Aug.jpg|thumb|160px|Graham Hill (pictured in 1969) won his 2nd and last driver's championship, driving for Lotus]]<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:85%&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Rnd<br /> ! Race<br /> ! Circuit<br /> ! Date<br /> ! Pole position<br /> ! Fastest lap<br /> ! Winning driver<br /> ! Constructor<br /> ! Tyre<br /> ! Report<br /> |-<br /> ! 1<br /> | {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[South African Grand Prix]]<br /> | [[Kyalami]]<br /> | January 1<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Jim Clark]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Jim Clark]]<br /> | {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Jim Clark]]<br /> | {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | {{Firestone}}<br /> | [[1968 South African Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 2<br /> | {{flagicon|Spain|1945}} [[Spanish Grand Prix]]<br /> | [[Circuito Permanente Del Jarama|Jarama]]<br /> | May 12<br /> | {{flagicon|NZL}} [[Chris Amon]]<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Jean-Pierre Beltoise]]<br /> | {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Graham Hill]]<br /> | {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | {{Firestone}}<br /> | [[1968 Spanish Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 3<br /> | {{flagicon|Monaco}} [[Monaco Grand Prix]]<br /> | [[Circuit de Monaco|Monaco]]<br /> | May 26<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Graham Hill]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Richard Attwood]]<br /> | {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Graham Hill]]<br /> | {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | {{Firestone}}<br /> | [[1968 Monaco Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 4<br /> | {{flagicon|Belgium}} [[Belgian Grand Prix]]<br /> | [[Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps|Spa-Francorchamps]]<br /> | June 9<br /> | {{flagicon|NZL}} [[Chris Amon]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[John Surtees]]<br /> | {{flagicon|New Zealand}} [[Bruce McLaren]]<br /> | {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[McLaren]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | {{Goodyear}}<br /> | [[1968 Belgian Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 5<br /> | {{flagicon|Netherlands}} [[Dutch Grand Prix]]<br /> | [[Circuit Zandvoort|Zandvoort]]<br /> | June 23<br /> | {{flagicon|NZL}} [[Chris Amon]]<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Jean-Pierre Beltoise]]<br /> | {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Jackie Stewart]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Matra]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | {{Dunlop}}<br /> | [[1968 Dutch Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 6<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[French Grand Prix]]<br /> | [[Rouen-Les-Essarts]]<br /> | July 7<br /> | {{flagicon|AUT}} [[Jochen Rindt]]<br /> | {{flagicon|MEX|1934}} [[Pedro Rodríguez (racing driver)|Pedro Rodríguez]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Belgium}} [[Jacky Ickx]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> | {{Firestone}}<br /> | [[1968 French Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 7<br /> | {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[British Grand Prix]]<br /> | [[Brands Hatch]]<br /> | July 20<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Graham Hill]]<br /> | {{flagicon|SUI}} [[Jo Siffert]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Switzerland}} [[Jo Siffert]]<br /> | {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | {{Firestone}}<br /> | [[1968 British Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 8<br /> | {{flagicon|West Germany}} [[German Grand Prix]]<br /> | [[Nürburgring]]<br /> | August 4<br /> | {{flagicon|BEL}} [[Jacky Ickx]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Jackie Stewart]]<br /> | {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Jackie Stewart]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Matra]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | {{Dunlop}}<br /> | [[1968 German Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 9<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Italian Grand Prix]]<br /> | [[Autodromo Nazionale Monza|Monza]]<br /> | September 8<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[John Surtees]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Jackie Oliver]]<br /> | {{flagicon|New Zealand}} [[Denny Hulme]]<br /> | {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[McLaren]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | {{Goodyear}}<br /> | [[1968 Italian Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 10<br /> | {{flagicon|Canada}} [[Canadian Grand Prix]]<br /> | [[Circuit Mont-Tremblant|Mont-Tremblant]]<br /> | September 22<br /> | {{flagicon|AUT}} [[Jochen Rindt]]<br /> | {{flagicon|SUI}} [[Jo Siffert]]<br /> | {{flagicon|New Zealand}} [[Denny Hulme]]<br /> | {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[McLaren]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | {{Goodyear}}<br /> | [[1968 Canadian Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 11<br /> | {{flagicon|United States}} [[United States Grand Prix]]<br /> | [[Watkins Glen International|Watkins Glen]]<br /> | October 6<br /> | {{flagicon|USA}} [[Mario Andretti]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Jackie Stewart]]<br /> | {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Jackie Stewart]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Matra]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | {{Dunlop}}<br /> | [[1968 United States Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 12<br /> | {{flagicon|Mexico}} [[Mexican Grand Prix]]<br /> | [[Autodromo Hermanos Rodriguez|Hermanos Rodriguez]]<br /> | November 3<br /> | {{flagicon|SUI}} [[Jo Siffert]]<br /> | {{flagicon|SUI}} [[Jo Siffert]]<br /> | {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Graham Hill]]<br /> | {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | {{Firestone}}<br /> | [[1968 Mexican Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Teams and drivers==<br /> <br /> The following [[List of Formula One constructors|teams]] and [[List of Formula One drivers|drivers]] competed in the 1968 [[Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile|FIA]] [[List of Formula One World Champions|World Championship]].<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 85%&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Entrant<br /> ! Constructor<br /> ! Chassis<br /> ! Engine<br /> ! Tyre<br /> ! Driver<br /> ! Rounds<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=3| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[McLaren|Bruce McLaren Motor Racing]]<br /> ! [[McLaren]]-[[British Racing Motors|BRM]]<br /> | [[McLaren M5A|M5A]]<br /> | [[British Racing Motors|BRM]] P142 3.0 [[V12 engine|V12]]<br /> | rowspan=3| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | {{flagicon|NZL}} [[Denny Hulme]]<br /> | 1<br /> |-<br /> ! rowspan=2| [[McLaren]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | rowspan=2| [[McLaren M7A|M7A]]<br /> | rowspan=2| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> | {{flagicon|NZL}} [[Denny Hulme]]<br /> | 2-12<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|NZL}} [[Bruce McLaren]]<br /> | 2-12<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=3| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Brabham|Brabham Racing Organisation]]<br /> ! rowspan=3| [[Brabham]]-[[Repco]]<br /> | rowspan=3| [[Brabham BT24|BT24]]&lt;br&gt;[[Brabham BT26|BT26]]<br /> | rowspan=3| [[Repco]] 740 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]&lt;br&gt;[[Repco]] 860 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> | rowspan=3| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Jack Brabham]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|AUT}} [[Jochen Rindt]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|USA}} [[Dan Gurney]]<br /> | 5<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=6| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Team Lotus]]&lt;br&gt;{{flagicon|GBR}} [[Team Lotus|Gold Leaf Team Lotus]]<br /> ! rowspan=6| [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | rowspan=6| [[Lotus 49|49]]&lt;br&gt;[[Lotus 49B|49B]]<br /> | rowspan=6| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> | rowspan=6| {{Firestone}}<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Jim Clark]]<br /> | 1<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Graham Hill]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Jackie Oliver]]<br /> | 3-12<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|USA}} [[Mario Andretti]]<br /> | 9, 11<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|CAN}} [[Bill Brack]]<br /> | 10<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|MEX}} [[Moisés Solana]]<br /> | 12<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=2| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Anglo American Racers]]<br /> ! [[Anglo American Racers|Eagle]]-[[Weslake]]<br /> | [[Eagle Mk1|T1G]]<br /> | [[Weslake]] 58 3.0 [[V12 engine|V12]]<br /> | rowspan=2| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | rowspan=2| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Dan Gurney]]<br /> | 1, 3, 7-9<br /> |-<br /> ! [[McLaren]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | [[McLaren M7A|M7A]]<br /> | [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> | 10-12<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=3| {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Honda Racing F1|Honda Racing]]<br /> ! rowspan=3| [[Honda Racing F1|Honda]]<br /> | rowspan=3| [[Honda RA300|RA300]]&lt;br&gt;[[Honda RA301|RA301]]&lt;br&gt;[[Honda RA302|RA302]]<br /> | rowspan=3| [[Honda Racing F1|Honda]] RA273E 3.0 [[V12 engine|V12]]&lt;br&gt;[[Honda Racing F1|Honda]] RA301E 3.0 [[V12 engine|V12]]&lt;br&gt;[[Honda Racing F1|Honda]] RA302E 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> | rowspan=3| {{Firestone}}<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[John Surtees]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Jo Schlesser]]<br /> | 6<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[David Hobbs (racing driver)|David Hobbs]]<br /> | 9<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=4| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Scuderia Ferrari SpA SEFAC]]<br /> ! rowspan=4| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> | rowspan=4| [[Ferrari 312|312]]<br /> | rowspan=4| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]] 242 3.0 [[V12 engine|V12]]&lt;br&gt;[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]] 242C 3.0 [[V12 engine|V12]]<br /> | rowspan=4| {{Firestone}}<br /> | {{flagicon|NZL}} [[Chris Amon]]<br /> | 1-2, 4-12<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|BEL}} [[Jacky Ickx]]<br /> | 1-2, 4-10, 12<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Andrea de Adamich]]<br /> | 1<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Derek Bell (auto racer)|Derek Bell]]<br /> | 9, 11<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=4| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[British Racing Motors|Owen Racing Organisation]]<br /> ! rowspan=4| [[British Racing Motors|BRM]]<br /> | rowspan=4| [[BRM P126|P126]]&lt;br&gt;[[BRM P115|P115]]&lt;br&gt;[[BRM P133|P133]]&lt;br&gt;[[BRM P138|P138]]<br /> | rowspan=4| [[British Racing Motors|BRM]] P142 3.0 [[V12 engine|V12]]&lt;br&gt;[[British Racing Motors|BRM]] P75 3.0 [[H engine|H16]]<br /> | rowspan=4| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | {{flagicon|MEX}} [[Pedro Rodríguez (racing driver)|Pedro Rodríguez]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Mike Spence]]<br /> | 1<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Richard Attwood]]<br /> | 3-8<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|USA}} [[Bobby Unser]]<br /> | 9, 11<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=8| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Cooper Car Company]]<br /> ! rowspan=2| [[Cooper Car Company|Cooper]]-[[Maserati in motorsport|Maserati]]<br /> | rowspan=2| [[Cooper T81B|T81B]]&lt;br&gt;[[Cooper T86|T86]]<br /> | rowspan=2| [[Maserati in motorsport|Maserati]] 10/F1 3.0 [[V12 engine|V12]]<br /> | rowspan=8| {{Firestone}}&lt;br&gt;{{Goodyear}}<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Brian Redman]]<br /> | 1<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Ludovico Scarfiotti]]<br /> | 1<br /> |-<br /> ! rowspan=6| [[Cooper Car Company|Cooper]]-[[British Racing Motors|BRM]]<br /> | rowspan=6| [[Cooper T86B|T86B]]&lt;br&gt;[[Cooper T86|T86]]<br /> | rowspan=6| [[British Racing Motors|BRM]] P142 3.0 [[V12 engine|V12]]<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Brian Redman]]<br /> | 2, 4<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Ludovico Scarfiotti]]<br /> | 2-3<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|BEL}} [[Lucien Bianchi]]<br /> | 3-5, 8, 10-12<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Vic Elford]]<br /> | 6-12<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Johnny Servoz-Gavin]]<br /> | 6<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Robin Widdows]]<br /> | 7<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=3| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Tyrrell Racing|Matra International]]<br /> ! rowspan=3| [[Matra]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | rowspan=3| [[Matra MS9|MS9]]&lt;br&gt;[[Matra MS10|MS10]]<br /> | rowspan=3| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> | rowspan=3| {{Dunlop}}<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Jackie Stewart]]<br /> | 1, 4-12<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Jean-Pierre Beltoise]]<br /> | 2<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Johnny Servoz-Gavin]]<br /> | 3, 9-10, 12<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=2| {{flagicon|RSA|1928}} Team Gunston<br /> ! [[Brabham]]-[[Repco]]<br /> | [[Brabham BT20|BT20]]<br /> | rowspan=2| [[Repco]] 620 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> | rowspan=2| {{Firestone}}<br /> | {{flagicon|Rhodesia|1968}} [[John Love (racing driver)|John Love]]<br /> | 1<br /> |-<br /> ! [[LDS (automobile)|LDS]]-[[Repco]]<br /> | [[LDS Mk 3|Mk 3]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Rhodesia|1968}} [[Sam Tingle]]<br /> | 1<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=2| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Rob Walker Racing Team|Rob Walker/Jack Durlacher Racing Team]]<br /> ! [[Cooper Car Company|Cooper]]-[[Maserati in motorsport|Maserati]]<br /> | [[Cooper T81|T81]]<br /> | [[Maserati in motorsport|Maserati]] 9/F1 3.0 [[V12 engine|V12]]<br /> | rowspan=2| {{Firestone}}<br /> | rowspan=2| {{flagicon|SUI}} [[Jo Siffert]]<br /> | 1<br /> |-<br /> ! [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | [[Lotus 49|49]]&lt;br&gt;[[Lotus 49B|49B]]<br /> | [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> | 2-12<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=3| {{flagicon|SWE}} [[Ecurie Bonnier|Joakim Bonnier Racing Team]]<br /> ! [[Cooper Car Company|Cooper]]-[[Maserati in motorsport|Maserati]]<br /> | [[Cooper T81|T81]]<br /> | [[Maserati in motorsport|Maserati]] 9/F1 3.0 [[V12 engine|V12]]<br /> | rowspan=3| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | rowspan=3| {{flagicon|SWE}} [[Joakim Bonnier]]<br /> | 1<br /> |-<br /> ! [[McLaren]]-[[British Racing Motors|BRM]]<br /> | [[McLaren M5A|M5A]]<br /> | [[British Racing Motors|BRM]] P142 3.0 [[V12 engine|V12]]<br /> | 3-5, 7, 9-11<br /> |-<br /> ! [[Honda Racing F1|Honda]]<br /> | [[Honda RA301|RA301]]<br /> | [[Honda Racing F1|Honda]] RA301E 3.0 [[V12 engine|V12]]<br /> | 12<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=3| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Matra|Matra Sports]]<br /> ! [[Matra]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | [[Matra MS7|MS7]]<br /> | [[Cosworth FVA|Ford Cosworth FVA]] 1.6 [[Straight-4|L4]]<br /> | rowspan=3| {{Dunlop}}<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Jean-Pierre Beltoise]]<br /> | 1<br /> |-<br /> ! rowspan=2| [[Matra]]<br /> | rowspan=2| [[Matra MS11|MS11]]<br /> | rowspan=2| [[Matra]] MS9 3.0 [[V12 engine|V12]]<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Jean-Pierre Beltoise]]<br /> | 3-12<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Henri Pescarolo]]<br /> | 10-12<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|RSA|1928}} Scuderia Scribante<br /> ! [[Brabham]]-[[Repco]]<br /> | [[Brabham BT11|BT11]]<br /> | [[Repco]] 620 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> | {{Firestone}}<br /> | {{flagicon|RSA|1928}} [[Dave Charlton]]<br /> | 1<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|RSA|1928}} Team Pretoria<br /> ! [[Brabham]]-[[Coventry Climax|Climax]]<br /> | [[Brabham BT11|BT11]]<br /> | [[Coventry Climax|Climax]] FPF 2.8 [[Straight-4|L4]]<br /> | {{Firestone}}<br /> | {{flagicon|RSA|1928}} [[Jackie Pretorius]]<br /> | 1<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|Rhodesia|1968}} [[John Love (racing driver)|John Love]]<br /> ! [[Cooper Car Company|Cooper]]-[[Coventry Climax|Climax]]<br /> | [[Cooper T79|T79]]<br /> | [[Coventry Climax|Climax]] FPF 2.8 [[Straight-4|L4]]<br /> | {{Firestone}}<br /> | {{flagicon|RSA|1928}} [[Basil van Rooyen]]<br /> | 1<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Reg Parnell|Reg Parnell Racing]]<br /> ! [[British Racing Motors|BRM]]<br /> | [[BRM P126|P126]]<br /> | [[British Racing Motors|BRM]] P142 3.0 [[V12 engine|V12]]<br /> | {{Goodyear}}<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Piers Courage]]<br /> | 2-12<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|SUI}} Charles Vögele Racing<br /> ! [[Brabham]]-[[Repco]]<br /> | [[Brabham BT20|BT20]]<br /> | [[Repco]] 620 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> | {{Goodyear}}<br /> | {{flagicon|SUI}} [[Silvio Moser]]<br /> | 3, 5, 7-9<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|FRG}} [[Kurt Ahrens, Jr.|Caltex Racing Team]]<br /> ! [[Brabham]]-[[Repco]]<br /> | [[Brabham BT24|BT24]]<br /> | [[Repco]] 740 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> | {{Dunlop}}<br /> | {{flagicon|FRG}} [[Kurt Ahrens, Jr.]]<br /> | 8<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|FRG}} [[BMW in Formula One|Bayerische Motoren Werke AG]]<br /> ! [[Lola Cars|Lola]]-[[BMW in Formula One|BMW]]<br /> | [[Lola T100|T100]]<br /> | [[BMW in Formula One|BMW]] M12/1 1.6 [[Straight-4|L4]]<br /> | {{Dunlop}}<br /> | {{flagicon|FRG}} [[Hubert Hahne]]<br /> | 8<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Bernard White Racing]]<br /> ! [[British Racing Motors|BRM]]<br /> | [[BRM P261|P261]]<br /> | [[British Racing Motors|BRM]] P142 3.0 [[V12 engine|V12]]<br /> | {{Goodyear}}<br /> | {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Frank Gardner (racing driver)|Frank Gardner]]<br /> | 9<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|CAN}} [[Castrol|Castrol Oils Ltd]]<br /> ! [[Anglo American Racers|Eagle]]-[[Coventry Climax|Climax]]<br /> | [[Eagle Mk1|T1F]]<br /> | [[Coventry Climax|Climax]] FPF 2.8 [[Straight-4|L4]]<br /> | {{Goodyear}}<br /> | {{flagicon|CAN}} [[Al Pease]]<br /> | 10<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==1968 Drivers Championship final standings==<br /> <br /> Championship points were awarded on a 9-6-4-3-2-1 basis to the top six placegetters in each race. Only the best five results from the first six races and the best five results from the remaining six races were counted towards a driver's total.&lt;ref&gt;Mike Kettlewell, The Champion Book of World Championship Facts and Figures, 1982, Page 25&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {|<br /> |- valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> |<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 85%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |- valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Pos.<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Driver<br /> ! [[1968 South African Grand Prix|RSA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|South Africa|1928}}<br /> ! [[1968 Spanish Grand Prix|ESP]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Spain|1945}}<br /> ! [[1968 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Monaco}}<br /> ! [[1968 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Belgium}}<br /> ! [[1968 Dutch Grand Prix|NED]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Netherlands}}<br /> ! [[1968 French Grand Prix|FRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|France}}<br /> ! [[1968 British Grand Prix|GBR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|UK}}<br /> ! [[1968 German Grand Prix|GER]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|West Germany}}<br /> ! [[1968 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Italy}}<br /> ! [[1968 Canadian Grand Prix|CAN]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Canada}}<br /> ! [[1968 United States Grand Prix|USA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|USA}}<br /> ! [[1968 Mexican Grand Prix|MEX]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Mexico}}<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Pts.<br /> |-<br /> ! 1<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Graham Hill]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;|''' Ret'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''48'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 2<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Jackie Stewart]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| ''1''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| ''1''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''36'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 3<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|New Zealand}} [[Denny Hulme]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''33'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 4<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Belgium}} [[Jacky Ickx]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''4'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;white&quot;| DNS<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''27'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 5<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|New Zealand}} [[Bruce McLaren]]<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''22'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 6<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Mexico}} [[Pedro Rodríguez (racing driver)|Pedro Rodríguez]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| ''NC''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''18'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 7<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Switzerland}} [[Jo Siffert]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| ''1''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| ''Ret''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''''6'''''<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''12'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 8<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[John Surtees]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| ''Ret''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''12'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 9<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[Jean-Pierre Beltoise]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| ''5''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| ''2''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''11'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 10<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|New Zealand}} [[Chris Amon]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''6'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''10'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 11<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Jim Clark]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''''1'''''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''9'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 12<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Jochen Rindt]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''8'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 13<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Richard Attwood]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| ''2''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''6'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 14<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[Johnny Servoz-Gavin]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''6'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 15<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Jackie Oliver]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| ''Ret''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;white&quot;| DNS<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''6'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 16<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Ludovico Scarfiotti]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''6'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 17<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Belgium}} [[Lucien Bianchi]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''5'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 18<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Vic Elford]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''5'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 19<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Brian Redman]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''4'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 20<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Piers Courage]]<br /> !<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''4'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 21<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Dan Gurney]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 22<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Sweden}} [[Jo Bonnier]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#FFCFCF&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 23<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Australia}} [[Jack Brabham]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;white&quot;| DNS<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 24<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Switzerland}} [[Silvio Moser]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#FFCFCF&quot;| DNQ<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#FFCFCF&quot;| DNQ<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[Henri Pescarolo]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;white&quot;| DNS<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Rhodesia|1968}} [[John Love (racing driver)|John Love]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|West Germany}} [[Hubert Hahne]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|West Germany}} [[Kurt Ahrens, Jr.]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[Jackie Pretorius]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Derek Bell (auto racer)|Derek Bell]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Mario Andretti]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;white&quot;| DNS<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Bobby Unser]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;white&quot;| DNS<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Andrea de Adamich]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[Dave Charlton]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Mike Spence]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[Basil van Rooyen]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Rhodesia|1968}} [[Sam Tingle]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Jo Schlesser]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | <br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Robin Widdows]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[David Hobbs (racing driver)|David Hobbs]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Canada}} [[Bill Brack]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Mexico}} [[Moisés Solana]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Canada}} [[Al Pease]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffff&quot;| DNS<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Australia}} [[Frank Gardner (driver)|Frank Gardner]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#FFCFCF&quot;| DNQ<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |- valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Pos.<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Driver<br /> ! [[1968 South African Grand Prix|RSA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|South Africa|1928}}<br /> ! [[1968 Spanish Grand Prix|ESP]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Spain|1945}}<br /> ! [[1968 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Monaco}}<br /> ! [[1968 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Belgium}}<br /> ! [[1968 Dutch Grand Prix|NED]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Netherlands}}<br /> ! [[1968 French Grand Prix|FRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|France}}<br /> ! [[1968 British Grand Prix|GBR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|UK}}<br /> ! [[1968 German Grand Prix|GER]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|West Germany}}<br /> ! [[1968 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Italy}}<br /> ! [[1968 Canadian Grand Prix|CAN]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Canada}}<br /> ! [[1968 United States Grand Prix|USA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|USA}}<br /> ! [[1968 Mexican Grand Prix|MEX]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Mexico}}<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Pts.<br /> |}<br /> |<br /> {{F1 driver results legend 2}}<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==1968 Constructors Championship final standings==<br /> Points were awarded on a 9-6-4-3-2-1 basis to the first six finishers at each round, however only the best placed car from each manufacturer was eligible to score points. The best five results from the first six rounds and the best five results from the last six rounds were retained.<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 85%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |- valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> ! valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Pos.<br /> ! valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Manufacturer<br /> ! [[1968 South African Grand Prix|RSA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|South Africa|1928}}<br /> ! [[1968 Spanish Grand Prix|ESP]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Spain|1945}}<br /> ! [[1968 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Monaco}}<br /> ! [[1968 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Belgium}}<br /> ! [[1968 Dutch Grand Prix|NED]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Netherlands}}<br /> ! [[1968 French Grand Prix|FRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|France}}<br /> ! [[1968 British Grand Prix|GBR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|UK}}<br /> ! [[1968 German Grand Prix|GER]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|West Germany}}<br /> ! [[1968 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Italy}}<br /> ! [[1968 Canadian Grand Prix|CAN]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Canada}}<br /> ! [[1968 United States Grand Prix|USA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|USA}}<br /> ! [[1968 Mexican Grand Prix|MEX]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Mexico}}<br /> ! valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Pts.&lt;ref name=&quot;points&quot;&gt;Only the best 5 results from the first 6 rounds and the best 5 results from the last 6 rounds counted towards the Championship. Numbers without parentheses are Championship points; numbers in parentheses are total points scored.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> ! 1<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''5'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''4'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1''' <br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''62'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 2<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[McLaren]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''5'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1''' <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''5'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''4'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1''' <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1''' <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''4'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2''' <br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''49'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 3<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Matra]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''6'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''5'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''4'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1''' <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''6'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1''' <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''6'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1''' <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7 <br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''45'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 4<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''4'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''4'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1''' <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''4'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''32'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 5<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[British Racing Motors|BRM]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''6'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''6'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''4'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''4'''<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''28'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 6<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Japan}} [[Honda in Formula One|Honda]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''5''' <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''5''' <br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''14'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 7<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Cooper Car Company|Cooper]]-[[British Racing Motors|BRM]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''6'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''4'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''5''' <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''14'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 8<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Brabham]]-[[Repco]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''5'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''10'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 9<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Matra]]<br /> | <br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2''' <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''5'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9 <br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''8'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 10<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[McLaren]]-[[British Racing Motors|BRM]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''5'''<br /> | <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#FFCFCF&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''6'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Cooper Car Company|Cooper]]-[[Maserati in motorsport|Maserati]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Anglo American Racers|Eagle]]-[[Weslake]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret <br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Lola Cars|Lola]]-[[BMW]]<br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Brabham]]-[[Coventry Climax|Climax]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[LDS (automobile)|LDS]]-[[Repco]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret <br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Cooper Car Company|Cooper]]-[[Coventry Climax|Climax]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret <br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |- valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> ! valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Pos.<br /> ! valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Manufacturer<br /> ! [[1968 South African Grand Prix|RSA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|South Africa|1928}}<br /> ! [[1968 Spanish Grand Prix|ESP]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Spain|1945}}<br /> ! [[1968 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Monaco}}<br /> ! [[1968 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Belgium}}<br /> ! [[1968 Dutch Grand Prix|NED]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Netherlands}}<br /> ! [[1968 French Grand Prix|FRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|France}}<br /> ! [[1968 British Grand Prix|GBR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|UK}}<br /> ! [[1968 German Grand Prix|GER]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|West Germany}}<br /> ! [[1968 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Italy}}<br /> ! [[1968 Canadian Grand Prix|CAN]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Canada}}<br /> ! [[1968 United States Grand Prix|USA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|USA}}<br /> ! [[1968 Mexican Grand Prix|MEX]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Mexico}}<br /> ! valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Pts.<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> *'''Bold''' results counted to championship totals.<br /> <br /> ==Non-Championship race results==<br /> Other Formula One races held in 1968, which did not count towards the World Championship.<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:95%&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Race Name<br /> ! Circuit<br /> ! Date<br /> ! Winning driver<br /> ! Constructor<br /> ! Report<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} III [[Race of Champions (Brands Hatch)|Race of Champions]]<br /> | [[Brands Hatch]]<br /> | March 17<br /> | {{flagicon|New Zealand}} [[Bruce McLaren]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[McLaren]]-[[Cosworth]]<br /> | [[1968 Race of Champions|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} XX [[BRDC International Trophy]]<br /> | [[Silverstone Circuit|Silverstone]]<br /> | April 25<br /> | {{flagicon|New Zealand}} [[Denny Hulme]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[McLaren]]-[[Cosworth]]<br /> | [[1968 BRDC International Trophy|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} XV [[Oulton Park Gold Cup|International Gold Cup]]<br /> | [[Oulton Park]]<br /> | August 17<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Jackie Stewart]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Matra]]-[[Cosworth]]<br /> | [[1968 International Gold Cup|Report]]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> {{Formula One Championship}}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * [http://www.f1-facts.com/results/season/1968 1968 Formula One season at www.f1-facts.com]<br /> <br /> [[Category:Formula One seasons]]<br /> [[Category:1968 in Formula One| ]]<br /> <br /> [[ar:بطولة العالم لسباقات الفورمولا واحد موسم 1968]]<br /> [[bg:Световен шампионат на Формула 1 (1968)]]<br /> [[ca:Temporada 1968 de Fórmula 1]]<br /> [[cs:Formule 1 v roce 1968]]<br /> [[de:Formel-1-Saison 1968]]<br /> [[es:Anexo:Temporada 1968 de Fórmula 1]]<br /> [[eu:1968ko 1 Formulako denboraldia]]<br /> [[fa:مسابقات فرمول یک فصل ۱۹۶۸]]<br /> [[fr:Championnat du monde de Formule 1 1968]]<br /> [[gl:Campionato Mundial de Fórmula 1 de 1968]]<br /> [[id:Formula Satu musim 1968]]<br /> [[it:Campionato mondiale di Formula 1 1968]]<br /> [[lt:1968 m. Formulės 1 sezonas]]<br /> [[hu:1968-as Formula–1 világbajnokság]]<br /> [[mr:१९६८ फॉर्म्युला वन हंगाम]]<br /> [[mzn:فصل ۱۹۶۸ فرمول یک مسابقات]]<br /> [[nl:Formule 1 in 1968]]<br /> [[ja:1968年のF1世界選手権]]<br /> [[no:Formel 1-sesongen 1968]]<br /> [[pl:Formuła 1 Sezon 1968]]<br /> [[pt:Temporada de Fórmula 1 de 1968]]<br /> [[ru:Формула-1 в сезоне 1968]]<br /> [[sq:Rezultatet e F1 1968]]<br /> [[simple:1968 Formula One season]]<br /> [[sl:Formula 1 sezona 1968]]<br /> [[fi:Formula 1 -kausi 1968]]<br /> [[sv:Formel 1-VM 1968]]</div> Tulumino https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1968_Formula_One_season&diff=538585311 1968 Formula One season 2013-02-16T17:43:18Z <p>Tulumino: /* Teams and drivers */ Brabham : Gurney</p> <hr /> <div>{{F1 season | year = 1968}}<br /> The '''1968 Formula One season''' included the 19th [[Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile|FIA]] [[Formula One]] World Championship season, which commenced on January 1, 1968, and ended on November 3 after twelve races.<br /> <br /> ==Season summary==<br /> Although they had failed to win the title in 1967, by the end of the season the Lotus 49 and the [[Cosworth DFV|DFV]] engine were mature enough to make the Lotus team dominant again. For 1968 Lotus lost its exclusive right to use the DFV. McLaren built a new DFV-powered car and a new force appeared on the scene when [[Ken Tyrrell]] entered his own team using a Cosworth-powered car built by French aeronautics company [[Matra]] and driven by ex-BRM driver [[Jackie Stewart]].<br /> <br /> Unsurprisingly the season-opening 1968 South African Grand Prix confirmed Lotus' superiority, with Jim Clark and Graham Hill finishing 1–2. It would be Clark's last win. On 7 April 1968 Clark, one of the most successful and popular drivers of all time, was killed at Hockenheim in a non-championship Formula Two event.<br /> <br /> The season saw two significant innovations. The first was the arrival of unrestricted [[sponsor (commercial)|sponsorship]], which the FIA decided to permit that year after the withdrawal of support from automobile related firms like BP, Shell and Firestone. In May the Lotus Formula One team appeared at [[Circuito Permanente Del Jarama|Jarama]] in the Red, Gold and White colors of [[Imperial Tobacco]]'s Gold Leaf brand. The second innovation was the introduction of wings as seen previously on various cars including the [[Chaparral Cars|Chaparral]] 2F sports car. Colin Chapman introduced modest front wings and a spoiler on Graham Hill's [[Lotus 49]]B at Monaco. Brabham and Ferrari went one better at the Belgian Grand Prix with full width wings mounted on struts high above the driver. Lotus replied with a full width wing directly connected to the rear suspension that required a redesign of suspension wishbones and transmission shafts. Matra then produced a high mounted front wing connected to the front suspension. This last innovation was mostly used during practice as it required a lot of effort from the driver. By the end of the season most teams were using sophisticated wings.<br /> <br /> Despite the death of Jim Clark, Lotus won both titles in 1968 with [[Graham Hill]], but Stewart was a serious contender, winning several Grands Prix in the Tyrrell-run Matra MS10. Stewart's winning drive during the rain and fog of the [[1968 German Grand Prix]] at the [[Nürburgring]], where he won by a margin of four minutes, is considered as one of the finest ever, even though his rain tires were probably better than those of the competition. The car's most innovative feature was the use of aviation-inspired structural fuel tanks. These allowed the chassis to be around 15&amp;nbsp;kg lighter, while still being stronger than its competitors. The FIA considered the technology to be unsafe and decided to ban it for 1970, insisting on rubber bag-tanks (Which meant the effective end of spaceframe chassis in F1). Safety became a major issue in Formula One.<br /> <br /> [[McLaren]] fielded a pair of Cosworth powered M7s for reigning Formula One World Champion Denny Hulme and team founder Bruce McLaren. McLaren won the non-championship [[Race of Champions (Brands Hatch)|Brands Hatch Race of Champions]], then the [[1968 Belgian Grand Prix|Belgian Grand Prix]] was the scene of the team's first Championship win. In doing so, McLaren became only the third driver to win a race in a car manufactured by his own team - Jack Brabham having done it in 1966 and Dan Gurney in 1967 at Spa Francorchamps. Hulme won the [[1968 Italian Grand Prix|Italian Grand Prix]] and [[1968 Canadian Grand Prix|Canadian Grand Prix]] later in the year.<br /> <br /> Repco produced a more powerful version of their V8 to maintain competitiveness against Ford's new [[Cosworth DFV]], but it proved very unreliable. The Brabhams were fast — Rindt set [[pole position]] twice during the season — but Brabham and Rindt finished only three races between them, and ended the year having scored just ten points.&lt;ref&gt;Fearnley (May 2006) p. 41&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> 1968 turned out to be a turning point in the history of Formula One, in terms of technicalities and safety. Wings were used on Formula One cars and aerodynamics really played a part in terms of the cars' performance, and 5 Grand Prix drivers were killed in this year- including [[Jim Clark]], [[Mike Spence]], [[Jo Schlesser]] and [[Ludovico Scarfiotti]]- Clark at a Formula 2 race at Hockenheim in a Lotus in April, Spence during practice for the Indianapolis 500 in a Lotus in May, Scarfiotti during a hillclimb event in Germany driving a Porsche sportscar in June, and Schlesser during the [[1968 French Grand Prix|French Grand Prix]] driving a Honda in July. It was the last year where all the races were run on tracks with almost no safety modifications. The rather dubious events of the season included Schlesser's almost recklessly caused fatal accident at [[1968 French Grand Prix|Rouen Les Essarts]] and the [[1968 German Grand Prix|German Grand Prix]] run in atrocious rain and thick fog at the dangerous and long [[Nürburgring]], a race that was even questioned at the start to be run in the almost intolerable conditions.<br /> <br /> ==Season review==<br /> [[File:HillGraham1969Aug.jpg|thumb|160px|Graham Hill (pictured in 1969) won his 2nd and last driver's championship, driving for Lotus]]<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:85%&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Rnd<br /> ! Race<br /> ! Circuit<br /> ! Date<br /> ! Pole position<br /> ! Fastest lap<br /> ! Winning driver<br /> ! Constructor<br /> ! Tyre<br /> ! Report<br /> |-<br /> ! 1<br /> | {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[South African Grand Prix]]<br /> | [[Kyalami]]<br /> | January 1<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Jim Clark]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Jim Clark]]<br /> | {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Jim Clark]]<br /> | {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | {{Firestone}}<br /> | [[1968 South African Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 2<br /> | {{flagicon|Spain|1945}} [[Spanish Grand Prix]]<br /> | [[Circuito Permanente Del Jarama|Jarama]]<br /> | May 12<br /> | {{flagicon|NZL}} [[Chris Amon]]<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Jean-Pierre Beltoise]]<br /> | {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Graham Hill]]<br /> | {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | {{Firestone}}<br /> | [[1968 Spanish Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 3<br /> | {{flagicon|Monaco}} [[Monaco Grand Prix]]<br /> | [[Circuit de Monaco|Monaco]]<br /> | May 26<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Graham Hill]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Richard Attwood]]<br /> | {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Graham Hill]]<br /> | {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | {{Firestone}}<br /> | [[1968 Monaco Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 4<br /> | {{flagicon|Belgium}} [[Belgian Grand Prix]]<br /> | [[Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps|Spa-Francorchamps]]<br /> | June 9<br /> | {{flagicon|NZL}} [[Chris Amon]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[John Surtees]]<br /> | {{flagicon|New Zealand}} [[Bruce McLaren]]<br /> | {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[McLaren]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | {{Goodyear}}<br /> | [[1968 Belgian Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 5<br /> | {{flagicon|Netherlands}} [[Dutch Grand Prix]]<br /> | [[Circuit Zandvoort|Zandvoort]]<br /> | June 23<br /> | {{flagicon|NZL}} [[Chris Amon]]<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Jean-Pierre Beltoise]]<br /> | {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Jackie Stewart]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Matra]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | {{Dunlop}}<br /> | [[1968 Dutch Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 6<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[French Grand Prix]]<br /> | [[Rouen-Les-Essarts]]<br /> | July 7<br /> | {{flagicon|AUT}} [[Jochen Rindt]]<br /> | {{flagicon|MEX|1934}} [[Pedro Rodríguez (racing driver)|Pedro Rodríguez]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Belgium}} [[Jacky Ickx]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> | {{Firestone}}<br /> | [[1968 French Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 7<br /> | {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[British Grand Prix]]<br /> | [[Brands Hatch]]<br /> | July 20<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Graham Hill]]<br /> | {{flagicon|SUI}} [[Jo Siffert]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Switzerland}} [[Jo Siffert]]<br /> | {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | {{Firestone}}<br /> | [[1968 British Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 8<br /> | {{flagicon|West Germany}} [[German Grand Prix]]<br /> | [[Nürburgring]]<br /> | August 4<br /> | {{flagicon|BEL}} [[Jacky Ickx]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Jackie Stewart]]<br /> | {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Jackie Stewart]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Matra]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | {{Dunlop}}<br /> | [[1968 German Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 9<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Italian Grand Prix]]<br /> | [[Autodromo Nazionale Monza|Monza]]<br /> | September 8<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[John Surtees]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Jackie Oliver]]<br /> | {{flagicon|New Zealand}} [[Denny Hulme]]<br /> | {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[McLaren]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | {{Goodyear}}<br /> | [[1968 Italian Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 10<br /> | {{flagicon|Canada}} [[Canadian Grand Prix]]<br /> | [[Circuit Mont-Tremblant|Mont-Tremblant]]<br /> | September 22<br /> | {{flagicon|AUT}} [[Jochen Rindt]]<br /> | {{flagicon|SUI}} [[Jo Siffert]]<br /> | {{flagicon|New Zealand}} [[Denny Hulme]]<br /> | {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[McLaren]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | {{Goodyear}}<br /> | [[1968 Canadian Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 11<br /> | {{flagicon|United States}} [[United States Grand Prix]]<br /> | [[Watkins Glen International|Watkins Glen]]<br /> | October 6<br /> | {{flagicon|USA}} [[Mario Andretti]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Jackie Stewart]]<br /> | {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Jackie Stewart]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Matra]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | {{Dunlop}}<br /> | [[1968 United States Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 12<br /> | {{flagicon|Mexico}} [[Mexican Grand Prix]]<br /> | [[Autodromo Hermanos Rodriguez|Hermanos Rodriguez]]<br /> | November 3<br /> | {{flagicon|SUI}} [[Jo Siffert]]<br /> | {{flagicon|SUI}} [[Jo Siffert]]<br /> | {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Graham Hill]]<br /> | {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | {{Firestone}}<br /> | [[1968 Mexican Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Teams and drivers==<br /> <br /> The following [[List of Formula One constructors|teams]] and [[List of Formula One drivers|drivers]] competed in the 1968 [[Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile|FIA]] [[List of Formula One World Champions|World Championship]].<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 85%&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Entrant<br /> ! Constructor<br /> ! Chassis<br /> ! Engine<br /> ! Tyre<br /> ! Driver<br /> ! Rounds<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=3| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[McLaren|Bruce McLaren Motor Racing]]<br /> ! [[McLaren]]-[[British Racing Motors|BRM]]<br /> | [[McLaren M5A|M5A]]<br /> | [[British Racing Motors|BRM]] P142 3.0 [[V12 engine|V12]]<br /> | rowspan=3| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | {{flagicon|NZL}} [[Denny Hulme]]<br /> | 1<br /> |-<br /> ! rowspan=2| [[McLaren]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | rowspan=2| [[McLaren M7A|M7A]]<br /> | rowspan=2| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> | {{flagicon|NZL}} [[Denny Hulme]]<br /> | 2-12<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|NZL}} [[Bruce McLaren]]<br /> | 2-12<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=3| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Brabham|Brabham Racing Organisation]]<br /> ! rowspan=3| [[Brabham]]-[[Repco]]<br /> | rowspan=3| [[Brabham BT24|BT24]]&lt;br&gt;[[Brabham BT26|BT26]]<br /> | rowspan=3| [[Repco]] 740 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]&lt;br&gt;[[Repco]] 860 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> | rowspan=3| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Jack Brabham]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|AUT}} [[Jochen Rindt]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|USA}} [[Dan Gurney]]<br /> | 5<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=6| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Team Lotus]]&lt;br&gt;{{flagicon|GBR}} [[Team Lotus|Gold Leaf Team Lotus]]<br /> ! rowspan=6| [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | rowspan=6| [[Lotus 49|49]]&lt;br&gt;[[Lotus 49B|49B]]<br /> | rowspan=6| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> | rowspan=6| {{Firestone}}<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Jim Clark]]<br /> | 1<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Graham Hill]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Jackie Oliver]]<br /> | 3-12<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|USA}} [[Mario Andretti]]<br /> | 9, 11<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|CAN}} [[Bill Brack]]<br /> | 10<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|MEX}} [[Moisés Solana]]<br /> | 12<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=2| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Anglo American Racers]]<br /> ! [[Anglo American Racers|Eagle]]-[[Weslake]]<br /> | [[Eagle Mk1|T1G]]<br /> | [[Weslake]] 58 3.0 [[V12 engine|V12]]<br /> | rowspan=2| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | rowspan=2| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Dan Gurney]]<br /> | 1, 3, 7-9<br /> |-<br /> ! [[McLaren]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | [[McLaren M7A|M7A]]<br /> | [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> | 10-12<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=3| {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Honda Racing F1|Honda Racing]]<br /> ! rowspan=3| [[Honda Racing F1|Honda]]<br /> | rowspan=3| [[Honda RA300|RA300]]&lt;br&gt;[[Honda RA301|RA301]]&lt;br&gt;[[Honda RA302|RA302]]<br /> | rowspan=3| [[Honda Racing F1|Honda]] RA273E 3.0 [[V12 engine|V12]]&lt;br&gt;[[Honda Racing F1|Honda]] RA301E 3.0 [[V12 engine|V12]]&lt;br&gt;[[Honda Racing F1|Honda]] RA302E 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> | rowspan=3| {{Firestone}}<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[John Surtees]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Jo Schlesser]]<br /> | 6<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[David Hobbs (racing driver)|David Hobbs]]<br /> | 9<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=4| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Scuderia Ferrari SpA SEFAC]]<br /> ! rowspan=4| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> | rowspan=4| [[Ferrari 312|312]]<br /> | rowspan=4| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]] 242 3.0 [[V12 engine|V12]]&lt;br&gt;[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]] 242C 3.0 [[V12 engine|V12]]<br /> | rowspan=4| {{Firestone}}<br /> | {{flagicon|NZL}} [[Chris Amon]]<br /> | 1-2, 4-12<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|BEL}} [[Jacky Ickx]]<br /> | 1-2, 4-10, 12<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Andrea de Adamich]]<br /> | 1<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Derek Bell (auto racer)|Derek Bell]]<br /> | 9, 11<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=4| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[British Racing Motors|Owen Racing Organisation]]<br /> ! rowspan=4| [[British Racing Motors|BRM]]<br /> | rowspan=4| [[BRM P126|P126]]&lt;br&gt;[[BRM P115|P115]]&lt;br&gt;[[BRM P133|P133]]&lt;br&gt;[[BRM P138|P138]]<br /> | rowspan=4| [[British Racing Motors|BRM]] P142 3.0 [[V12 engine|V12]]&lt;br&gt;[[British Racing Motors|BRM]] P75 3.0 [[H engine|H16]]<br /> | rowspan=4| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | {{flagicon|MEX}} [[Pedro Rodríguez (racing driver)|Pedro Rodríguez]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Mike Spence]]<br /> | 1<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Richard Attwood]]<br /> | 3-8<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|USA}} [[Bobby Unser]]<br /> | 9, 11<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=8| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Cooper Car Company]]<br /> ! rowspan=2| [[Cooper Car Company|Cooper]]-[[Maserati in motorsport|Maserati]]<br /> | rowspan=2| [[Cooper T81B|T81B]]&lt;br&gt;[[Cooper T86|T86]]<br /> | rowspan=2| [[Maserati in motorsport|Maserati]] 10/F1 3.0 [[V12 engine|V12]]<br /> | rowspan=8| {{Firestone}}&lt;br&gt;{{Goodyear}}<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Brian Redman]]<br /> | 1<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Ludovico Scarfiotti]]<br /> | 1<br /> |-<br /> ! rowspan=6| [[Cooper Car Company|Cooper]]-[[British Racing Motors|BRM]]<br /> | rowspan=6| [[Cooper T86B|T86B]]&lt;br&gt;[[Cooper T86|T86]]<br /> | rowspan=6| [[British Racing Motors|BRM]] P142 3.0 [[V12 engine|V12]]<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Brian Redman]]<br /> | 2, 4<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Ludovico Scarfiotti]]<br /> | 2-3<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|BEL}} [[Lucien Bianchi]]<br /> | 3-5, 8, 10-12<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Vic Elford]]<br /> | 6-12<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Johnny Servoz-Gavin]]<br /> | 6<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Robin Widdows]]<br /> | 7<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=3| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Tyrrell Racing|Matra International]]<br /> ! rowspan=3| [[Matra]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | rowspan=3| [[Matra MS9|MS9]]&lt;br&gt;[[Matra MS10|MS10]]<br /> | rowspan=3| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> | rowspan=3| {{Dunlop}}<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Jackie Stewart]]<br /> | 1, 4-12<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Jean-Pierre Beltoise]]<br /> | 2<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Johnny Servoz-Gavin]]<br /> | 3, 9-10, 12<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=2| {{flagicon|RSA|1928}} Team Gunston<br /> ! [[Brabham]]-[[Repco]]<br /> | [[Brabham BT20|BT20]]<br /> | rowspan=2| [[Repco]] 620 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> | rowspan=2| {{Firestone}}<br /> | {{flagicon|Rhodesia|1968}} [[John Love (racing driver)|John Love]]<br /> | 1<br /> |-<br /> ! [[LDS (automobile)|LDS]]-[[Repco]]<br /> | [[LDS Mk 3|Mk 3]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Rhodesia|1968}} [[Sam Tingle]]<br /> | 1<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=2| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Rob Walker Racing Team|Rob Walker/Jack Durlacher Racing Team]]<br /> ! [[Cooper Car Company|Cooper]]-[[Maserati in motorsport|Maserati]]<br /> | [[Cooper T81|T81]]<br /> | [[Maserati in motorsport|Maserati]] 9/F1 3.0 [[V12 engine|V12]]<br /> | rowspan=2| {{Firestone}}<br /> | rowspan=2| {{flagicon|SUI}} [[Jo Siffert]]<br /> | 1<br /> |-<br /> ! [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | [[Lotus 49|49]]&lt;br&gt;[[Lotus 49B|49B]]<br /> | [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> | 2-12<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=3| {{flagicon|SWE}} [[Ecurie Bonnier|Joakim Bonnier Racing Team]]<br /> ! [[Cooper Car Company|Cooper]]-[[Maserati in motorsport|Maserati]]<br /> | [[Cooper T81|T81]]<br /> | [[Maserati in motorsport|Maserati]] 9/F1 3.0 [[V12 engine|V12]]<br /> | rowspan=3| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | rowspan=3| {{flagicon|SWE}} [[Joakim Bonnier]]<br /> | 1<br /> |-<br /> ! [[McLaren]]-[[British Racing Motors|BRM]]<br /> | [[McLaren M5A|M5A]]<br /> | [[British Racing Motors|BRM]] P142 3.0 [[V12 engine|V12]]<br /> | 3-5, 7, 9-11<br /> |-<br /> ! [[Honda Racing F1|Honda]]<br /> | [[Honda RA301|RA301]]<br /> | [[Honda Racing F1|Honda]] RA301E 3.0 [[V12 engine|V12]]<br /> | 12<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=3| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Matra|Matra Sports]]<br /> ! [[Matra]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | [[Matra MS7|MS7]]<br /> | [[Cosworth FVA|Ford Cosworth FVA]] 1.6 [[Straight-4|L4]]<br /> | rowspan=3| {{Dunlop}}<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Jean-Pierre Beltoise]]<br /> | 1<br /> |-<br /> ! rowspan=2| [[Matra]]<br /> | rowspan=2| [[Matra MS11|MS11]]<br /> | rowspan=2| [[Matra]] MS9 3.0 [[V12 engine|V12]]<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Jean-Pierre Beltoise]]<br /> | 3-12<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Henri Pescarolo]]<br /> | 10-12<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|RSA|1928}} Scuderia Scribante<br /> ! [[Brabham]]-[[Repco]]<br /> | [[Brabham BT11|BT11]]<br /> | [[Repco]] 620 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> | {{Firestone}}<br /> | {{flagicon|RSA|1928}} [[Dave Charlton]]<br /> | 1<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|RSA|1928}} Team Pretoria<br /> ! [[Brabham]]-[[Coventry Climax|Climax]]<br /> | [[Brabham BT11|BT11]]<br /> | [[Coventry Climax|Climax]] FPF 2.8 [[Straight-4|L4]]<br /> | {{Firestone}}<br /> | {{flagicon|RSA|1928}} [[Jackie Pretorius]]<br /> | 1<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|Rhodesia|1968}} [[John Love (racing driver)|John Love]]<br /> ! [[Cooper Car Company|Cooper]]-[[Coventry Climax|Climax]]<br /> | [[Cooper T79|T79]]<br /> | [[Coventry Climax|Climax]] FPF 2.8 [[Straight-4|L4]]<br /> | {{Firestone}}<br /> | {{flagicon|RSA|1928}} [[Basil van Rooyen]]<br /> | 1<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Reg Parnell|Reg Parnell Racing]]<br /> ! [[British Racing Motors|BRM]]<br /> | [[BRM P126|P126]]<br /> | [[British Racing Motors|BRM]] P142 3.0 [[V12 engine|V12]]<br /> | {{Goodyear}}<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Piers Courage]]<br /> | 2-12<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|SUI}} Charles Vögele Racing<br /> ! [[Brabham]]-[[Repco]]<br /> | [[Brabham BT20|BT20]]<br /> | [[Repco]] 620 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> | {{Goodyear}}<br /> | {{flagicon|SUI}} [[Silvio Moser]]<br /> | 3, 5, 7-9<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|FRG}} [[Kurt Ahrens, Jr.|Caltex Racing Team]]<br /> ! [[Brabham]]-[[Repco]]<br /> | [[Brabham BT24|BT24]]<br /> | [[Repco]] 740 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> | {{Dunlop}}<br /> | {{flagicon|FRG}} [[Kurt Ahrens, Jr.]]<br /> | 8<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|FRG}} [[BMW in Formula One|Bayerische Motoren Werke AG]]<br /> ! [[Lola Cars|Lola]]-[[BMW in Formula One|BMW]]<br /> | [[Lola T100|T100]]<br /> | [[BMW in Formula One|BMW]] M12/1 1.6 [[Straight-4|L4]]<br /> | {{Dunlop}}<br /> | {{flagicon|FRG}} [[Hubert Hahne]]<br /> | 8<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Bernard White Racing]]<br /> ! [[British Racing Motors|BRM]]<br /> | [[BRM P261|P261]]<br /> | [[British Racing Motors|BRM]] P142 3.0 [[V12 engine|V12]]<br /> | {{Goodyear}}<br /> | {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Frank Gardner (racing driver)|Frank Gardner]]<br /> | 9<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|CAN}} [[Castrol|Castrol Oils Ltd]]<br /> ! [[Anglo American Racers|Eagle]]-[[Coventry Climax|Climax]]<br /> | [[Eagle Mk1|T1F]]<br /> | [[Coventry Climax|Climax]] FPF 2.8 [[Straight-4|L4]]<br /> | {{Goodyear}}<br /> | {{flagicon|CAN}} [[Al Pease]]<br /> | 10<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==1968 Drivers Championship final standings==<br /> <br /> Championship points were awarded on a 9-6-4-3-2-1 basis to the top six placegetters in each race. Only the best five results from the first six races and the best five results from the remaining six races were counted towards a driver's total.&lt;ref&gt;Mike Kettlewell, The Champion Book of World Championship Facts and Figures, 1982, Page 25&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {|<br /> |- valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> |<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 85%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |- valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Pos.<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Driver<br /> ! [[1968 South African Grand Prix|RSA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|South Africa|1928}}<br /> ! [[1968 Spanish Grand Prix|ESP]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Spain|1945}}<br /> ! [[1968 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Monaco}}<br /> ! [[1968 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Belgium}}<br /> ! [[1968 Dutch Grand Prix|NED]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Netherlands}}<br /> ! [[1968 French Grand Prix|FRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|France}}<br /> ! [[1968 British Grand Prix|GBR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|UK}}<br /> ! [[1968 German Grand Prix|GER]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|West Germany}}<br /> ! [[1968 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Italy}}<br /> ! [[1968 Canadian Grand Prix|CAN]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Canada}}<br /> ! [[1968 United States Grand Prix|USA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|USA}}<br /> ! [[1968 Mexican Grand Prix|MEX]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Mexico}}<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Pts.<br /> |-<br /> ! 1<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Graham Hill]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;|''' Ret'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''48'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 2<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Jackie Stewart]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| ''1''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| ''1''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''36'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 3<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|New Zealand}} [[Denny Hulme]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''33'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 4<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Belgium}} [[Jacky Ickx]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''4'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;white&quot;| DNS<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''27'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 5<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|New Zealand}} [[Bruce McLaren]]<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''22'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 6<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Mexico}} [[Pedro Rodríguez (racing driver)|Pedro Rodríguez]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| ''NC''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''18'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 7<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Switzerland}} [[Jo Siffert]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| ''1''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| ''Ret''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''''6'''''<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''12'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 8<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[John Surtees]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| ''Ret''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''12'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 9<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[Jean-Pierre Beltoise]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| ''5''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| ''2''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''11'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 10<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|New Zealand}} [[Chris Amon]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''6'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''10'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 11<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Jim Clark]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''''1'''''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''9'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 12<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Jochen Rindt]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''8'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 13<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Richard Attwood]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| ''2''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''6'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 14<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[Johnny Servoz-Gavin]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''6'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 15<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Jackie Oliver]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| ''Ret''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;white&quot;| DNS<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''6'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 16<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Ludovico Scarfiotti]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''6'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 17<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Belgium}} [[Lucien Bianchi]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''5'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 18<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Vic Elford]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''5'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 19<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Brian Redman]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''4'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 20<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Piers Courage]]<br /> !<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''4'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 21<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Dan Gurney]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 22<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Sweden}} [[Jo Bonnier]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#FFCFCF&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 23<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Australia}} [[Jack Brabham]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;white&quot;| DNS<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 24<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Switzerland}} [[Silvio Moser]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#FFCFCF&quot;| DNQ<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#FFCFCF&quot;| DNQ<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[Henri Pescarolo]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;white&quot;| DNS<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Rhodesia|1968}} [[John Love (racing driver)|John Love]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|West Germany}} [[Hubert Hahne]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|West Germany}} [[Kurt Ahrens, Jr.]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[Jackie Pretorius]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Derek Bell (auto racer)|Derek Bell]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Mario Andretti]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;white&quot;| DNS<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Bobby Unser]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;white&quot;| DNS<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Andrea de Adamich]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[Dave Charlton]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Mike Spence]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[Basil van Rooyen]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Rhodesia|1968}} [[Sam Tingle]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Jo Schlesser]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | <br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Robin Widdows]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[David Hobbs (racing driver)|David Hobbs]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Canada}} [[Bill Brack]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Mexico}} [[Moisés Solana]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Australia}} [[Frank Gardner (driver)|Frank Gardner]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#FFCFCF&quot;| DNQ<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |- valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Pos.<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Driver<br /> ! [[1968 South African Grand Prix|RSA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|South Africa|1928}}<br /> ! [[1968 Spanish Grand Prix|ESP]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Spain|1945}}<br /> ! [[1968 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Monaco}}<br /> ! [[1968 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Belgium}}<br /> ! [[1968 Dutch Grand Prix|NED]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Netherlands}}<br /> ! [[1968 French Grand Prix|FRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|France}}<br /> ! [[1968 British Grand Prix|GBR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|UK}}<br /> ! [[1968 German Grand Prix|GER]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|West Germany}}<br /> ! [[1968 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Italy}}<br /> ! [[1968 Canadian Grand Prix|CAN]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Canada}}<br /> ! [[1968 United States Grand Prix|USA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|USA}}<br /> ! [[1968 Mexican Grand Prix|MEX]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Mexico}}<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Pts.<br /> |}<br /> |<br /> {{F1 driver results legend 2}}<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==1968 Constructors Championship final standings==<br /> Points were awarded on a 9-6-4-3-2-1 basis to the first six finishers at each round, however only the best placed car from each manufacturer was eligible to score points. The best five results from the first six rounds and the best five results from the last six rounds were retained.<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 85%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |- valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> ! valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Pos.<br /> ! valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Manufacturer<br /> ! [[1968 South African Grand Prix|RSA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|South Africa|1928}}<br /> ! [[1968 Spanish Grand Prix|ESP]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Spain|1945}}<br /> ! [[1968 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Monaco}}<br /> ! [[1968 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Belgium}}<br /> ! [[1968 Dutch Grand Prix|NED]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Netherlands}}<br /> ! [[1968 French Grand Prix|FRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|France}}<br /> ! [[1968 British Grand Prix|GBR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|UK}}<br /> ! [[1968 German Grand Prix|GER]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|West Germany}}<br /> ! [[1968 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Italy}}<br /> ! [[1968 Canadian Grand Prix|CAN]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Canada}}<br /> ! [[1968 United States Grand Prix|USA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|USA}}<br /> ! [[1968 Mexican Grand Prix|MEX]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Mexico}}<br /> ! valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Pts.&lt;ref name=&quot;points&quot;&gt;Only the best 5 results from the first 6 rounds and the best 5 results from the last 6 rounds counted towards the Championship. Numbers without parentheses are Championship points; numbers in parentheses are total points scored.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> ! 1<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''5'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''4'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1''' <br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''62'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 2<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[McLaren]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''5'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1''' <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''5'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''4'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1''' <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1''' <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''4'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2''' <br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''49'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 3<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Matra]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''6'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''5'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''4'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1''' <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''6'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1''' <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''6'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1''' <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7 <br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''45'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 4<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''4'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''4'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1''' <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''4'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''32'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 5<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[British Racing Motors|BRM]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''6'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''6'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''4'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''4'''<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''28'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 6<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Japan}} [[Honda in Formula One|Honda]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''5''' <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''5''' <br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''14'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 7<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Cooper Car Company|Cooper]]-[[British Racing Motors|BRM]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''6'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''4'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''5''' <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''14'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 8<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Brabham]]-[[Repco]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''5'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''10'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 9<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Matra]]<br /> | <br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2''' <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''5'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9 <br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''8'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 10<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[McLaren]]-[[British Racing Motors|BRM]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''5'''<br /> | <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#FFCFCF&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''6'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Cooper Car Company|Cooper]]-[[Maserati in motorsport|Maserati]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Anglo American Racers|Eagle]]-[[Weslake]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret <br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Lola Cars|Lola]]-[[BMW]]<br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Brabham]]-[[Coventry Climax|Climax]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[LDS (automobile)|LDS]]-[[Repco]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret <br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Cooper Car Company|Cooper]]-[[Coventry Climax|Climax]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret <br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |- valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> ! valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Pos.<br /> ! valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Manufacturer<br /> ! [[1968 South African Grand Prix|RSA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|South Africa|1928}}<br /> ! [[1968 Spanish Grand Prix|ESP]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Spain|1945}}<br /> ! [[1968 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Monaco}}<br /> ! [[1968 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Belgium}}<br /> ! [[1968 Dutch Grand Prix|NED]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Netherlands}}<br /> ! [[1968 French Grand Prix|FRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|France}}<br /> ! [[1968 British Grand Prix|GBR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|UK}}<br /> ! [[1968 German Grand Prix|GER]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|West Germany}}<br /> ! [[1968 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Italy}}<br /> ! [[1968 Canadian Grand Prix|CAN]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Canada}}<br /> ! [[1968 United States Grand Prix|USA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|USA}}<br /> ! [[1968 Mexican Grand Prix|MEX]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Mexico}}<br /> ! valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Pts.<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> *'''Bold''' results counted to championship totals.<br /> <br /> ==Non-Championship race results==<br /> Other Formula One races held in 1968, which did not count towards the World Championship.<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:95%&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Race Name<br /> ! Circuit<br /> ! Date<br /> ! Winning driver<br /> ! Constructor<br /> ! Report<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} III [[Race of Champions (Brands Hatch)|Race of Champions]]<br /> | [[Brands Hatch]]<br /> | March 17<br /> | {{flagicon|New Zealand}} [[Bruce McLaren]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[McLaren]]-[[Cosworth]]<br /> | [[1968 Race of Champions|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} XX [[BRDC International Trophy]]<br /> | [[Silverstone Circuit|Silverstone]]<br /> | April 25<br /> | {{flagicon|New Zealand}} [[Denny Hulme]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[McLaren]]-[[Cosworth]]<br /> | [[1968 BRDC International Trophy|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} XV [[Oulton Park Gold Cup|International Gold Cup]]<br /> | [[Oulton Park]]<br /> | August 17<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Jackie Stewart]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Matra]]-[[Cosworth]]<br /> | [[1968 International Gold Cup|Report]]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> {{Formula One Championship}}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * [http://www.f1-facts.com/results/season/1968 1968 Formula One season at www.f1-facts.com]<br /> <br /> [[Category:Formula One seasons]]<br /> [[Category:1968 in Formula One| ]]<br /> <br /> [[ar:بطولة العالم لسباقات الفورمولا واحد موسم 1968]]<br /> [[bg:Световен шампионат на Формула 1 (1968)]]<br /> [[ca:Temporada 1968 de Fórmula 1]]<br /> [[cs:Formule 1 v roce 1968]]<br /> [[de:Formel-1-Saison 1968]]<br /> [[es:Anexo:Temporada 1968 de Fórmula 1]]<br /> [[eu:1968ko 1 Formulako denboraldia]]<br /> [[fa:مسابقات فرمول یک فصل ۱۹۶۸]]<br /> [[fr:Championnat du monde de Formule 1 1968]]<br /> [[gl:Campionato Mundial de Fórmula 1 de 1968]]<br /> [[id:Formula Satu musim 1968]]<br /> [[it:Campionato mondiale di Formula 1 1968]]<br /> [[lt:1968 m. Formulės 1 sezonas]]<br /> [[hu:1968-as Formula–1 világbajnokság]]<br /> [[mr:१९६८ फॉर्म्युला वन हंगाम]]<br /> [[mzn:فصل ۱۹۶۸ فرمول یک مسابقات]]<br /> [[nl:Formule 1 in 1968]]<br /> [[ja:1968年のF1世界選手権]]<br /> [[no:Formel 1-sesongen 1968]]<br /> [[pl:Formuła 1 Sezon 1968]]<br /> [[pt:Temporada de Fórmula 1 de 1968]]<br /> [[ru:Формула-1 в сезоне 1968]]<br /> [[sq:Rezultatet e F1 1968]]<br /> [[simple:1968 Formula One season]]<br /> [[sl:Formula 1 sezona 1968]]<br /> [[fi:Formula 1 -kausi 1968]]<br /> [[sv:Formel 1-VM 1968]]</div> Tulumino https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1985_Formula_One_World_Championship&diff=537453043 1985 Formula One World Championship 2013-02-09T22:44:15Z <p>Tulumino: /* 1985 Manufacturers Championship final standings */ see drivers</p> <hr /> <div>{{F1 season | year = 1985}}<br /> [[File:Alain Prost 2008.jpg|thumb|250px|right|[[Alain Prost]] won his first of four titles by a 23-point margin.]]<br /> The '''1985 Formula One season''' was the 36th season of [[FIA]] [[Formula One]] motor racing. It featured the 1985 Formula 1 World Championship &lt;ref name=FIA&gt;1986 FIA Yearbook, Red Section, Results of 1985 FIA International Championships, pages 78-79&lt;/ref&gt; which commenced on 7 April 1985 and ended on 3 November 1985 after sixteen races. World Championship titles were awarded for both Drivers and Manufacturers.&lt;ref name=FIA/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Season summary==<br /> The 1985 Formula One season saw continued success for the McLaren-TAG team. After missing out on the Drivers Championship by just half a point the previous year, [[Alain Prost]] would ultimately secure his first of four titles by a 23-point margin. The Formula One writer Koen Vergeer remarks that &quot;it was about time, everyone knew he was the best&quot;, reflecting a general feeling that Prost had been unlucky to finish runner-up in {{f1|1983}} to [[Nelson Piquet]] and in {{f1|1984}} to [[Niki Lauda]].<br /> <br /> The reigning Drivers Champion Lauda competed in his final season of Formula One but was unable to match Prost for results, winning just once at [[Circuit Park Zandvoort|Zandvoort]] despite being close to his team-mate in terms of pace. For most of the season the points table was headed by [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]'s [[Michele Alboreto]], who enjoyed his best season in F1. He won the Canadian and German Grands Prix, and was on the podium eight times. Ferrari's results faded badly in the second half of the season as other emerging drivers took the fight to Prost.<br /> <br /> Among these were [[Ayrton Senna]] and [[Nigel Mansell]], both of whom scored their first victories in 1985. [[Team Lotus|Lotus]] team manager [[Peter Warr]] had replaced Mansell with Senna going into the season, a decision which initially seemed justified when Senna took a superb win in the wet at [[Estoril Circuit|Estoril]] in Round 2. However Mansell fought back with Williams, and chalked up two victories near the season's end, including his famous breakthrough win at [[Brands Hatch]]. Mansell would go on to mount a serious title challenge in 1986. Perhaps the fastest combination of the year was [[Keke Rosberg]] in the other Williams, who used the powerful Honda engine to set a new lap record around [[silverstone circuit|Silverstone]] in qualifying for the [[1985 British Grand Prix|British Grand Prix]] - becoming the first man to lap at an average speed of over {{convert|160|mph|km/h|0|abbr=on}}. He finished third in the standings after wins on the street circuits of [[Detroit street circuit|Detroit]] and [[Adelaide Street Circuit|Adelaide]], but lacked the reliability to overcome Prost.<br /> <br /> 1.5-litre turbocharged engines had become universal during 1985, heralding the extinction of the 3.0-litre naturally aspirated [[Ford Cosworth DFV]] engine. Between 1985 and 1986 Formula One engines would achieve the highest levels of power ever seen in the sport (the specially built [[Renault F1|Renault]] qualifying engine was reportedly putting out over {{Convert|1150|bhp|kW PS|0|abbr=on}} by the end of 1985), before serious restrictions and their 'phasing out' began in 1987. The power output of the engines was controlled in racing conditions by means of a strict fuel limit; however in qualifying trim teams were commonly able to increase the boost of their engines for optimum power. This fuel economy was key to successful race strategy in 1985; Mansell recalls the added interest of planning his fuel use in his autobiography. It also proved costly for Ayrton Senna, who lost victory just four laps from home at Imola when he ran out of fuel. After Prost was disqualified for an underweight McLaren, victory fell to Senna's Lotus team mate [[Elio de Angelis]] in what would prove to be his second and last Grand Prix win.<br /> <br /> 1985 also saw a return to the calendar of the [[Spa-Francorchamps]] circuit in Belgium after the [[Belgian Grand Prix]] had been held there in 1983 and at [[Circuit Zolder|Zolder]] in 1984. Although shortened from its dangerous 1947-1978 14 kilometer form, it remained a challenge for the drivers. It also caused one of the few cancellations of Grands Prix in the sport's history, when the new all-weather track surface melted during the summer conditions in practice. The race was originally scheduled between Monaco and Canada, and extensive repairs were needed and the race was rescheduled for later in the year; Senna was the winner, with Prost finishing on the podium again to take a big step towards his first championship.<br /> <br /> [[Image:Bellof, Stefan am 1985-08-02.jpg|thumb|left|Bellof at the [[1985 German Grand Prix]].]]<br /> <br /> The [[Dutch Grand Prix]] was the last Grand Prix for [[Stefan Bellof]], who died in the [[World Sports Car Championship|World Endurance Championship]] race at [[Spa Francorchamps]] at Eau Rouge corner. He was the reigning World Endurance Champion, but decided against driving for the [[Porsche]] factory team in 1985, to concentrate on Formula 1, but was still driving in various WEC races for the private Brun team. Until his death [[Stefan Bellof]] was one of the rising stars in racing, being rumored to having an offer to drive for Ferrari in 1986. The summer of 1985 was remembered as the saddest weeks for German racing, as both German formula one drivers, [[Manfred Winkelhock]] and [[Stefan Bellof]] died within three weeks in WEC races.<br /> <br /> 1985 also saw the [[Australian Grand Prix]] added to the Formula One World Championship. The race was held in [[Adelaide]], [[South Australia]] on a street circuit on 3 November, as the last race of the season. The Adelaide Street Circuit was praised by the Formula One fraternity and event won the [[List of Formula One Promotional Trophy winners|Formula One Promotional Trophy for Race Promoter]] as the best race meeting of the year.<br /> <br /> The 1985 season is widely considered by the F1 community to be one of the best and most exciting Formula One seasons of all time.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=spEIzu8MLd4 ]{{dead link|date=November 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; In a season full of excitement, it was the first and last of many things. The 1985 season was affirmation of Senna as one of the best drivers in the world in only his 2nd season of Formula One, the first championship win of 4 for Prost and the first and second race wins of 31 for Mansell and first and second race wins of 41 for Senna. This season was also the last full season for Alfa Romeo as a factory effort, the last for Renault as a factory effort until 2002, and the last to include a Dutch Grand Prix, which was the last ever Formula One race at Zandvoort. It also saw the last race at the original [[Kyalami]] circuit, and the last [[South African Grand Prix]] until 1992. 1985 Also saw the last race at the full Paul Ricard Circuit, the last European Grand Prix to be held at Brands Hatch, the last race with Monaco's infamous dog leg corner and the last British Grand Prix at Silverstone with the Woodcote chicane and the permanent addition of the Spa-Francorchamps as the venue for the Belgian Grand Prix, and the last win of 25 for Niki Lauda in his final season in Formula One. Even though Formula One had tragically lost rising stars Stefan Bellof and Manfred Winkelhock in separate [[World Sports Car Championship|World Endurance Championship]] races at Spa-Francorchamps and [[Mosport]] (Canada), it was still a season to remember.<br /> <br /> ==Drivers and constructors==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 85%&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Entrant<br /> ! Constructor<br /> ! Chassis<br /> ! Engine<br /> ! Tyres<br /> ! No<br /> ! Driver<br /> ! Rounds<br /> ! Test driver(s)<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[McLaren|Marlboro McLaren International]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[McLaren]]-[[Techniques d'Avant Garde|TAG]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[McLaren MP4/2B|MP4/2B]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[Techniques d'Avant Garde|TAG]] TTE PO1 1.5 [[V6]][[Turbocharger|t]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 1<br /> | {{flagicon|AUT}} [[Niki Lauda]]<br /> | 1-13, 15-16<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:87%;&quot;&gt;''n/a''<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[John Watson (racing driver)|John Watson]]<br /> | 14<br /> |-<br /> | 2<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Alain Prost]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;8&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell Racing Organisation]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| [[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| [[Tyrrell 012|012]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;8&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 3<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Martin Brundle]]<br /> | 1-6<br /> | rowspan=&quot;8&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:87%;&quot;&gt;''n/a''<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;|4<br /> | {{flagicon|SWE}} [[Stefan Johansson]]<br /> | 1<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|FRG}} [[Stefan Bellof]]<br /> | 2-8<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Martin Brundle]]<br /> | 9-10<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| [[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell]]-[[Renault in Formula One|Renault]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| [[Tyrrell 014|014]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| [[Renault in Formula One|Renault]] EF4B 1.5 [[V6]][[Turbocharger|t]]<br /> | 3<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Martin Brundle]]<br /> | 7-8, 11-16<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;|4<br /> | {{flagicon|FRG}} [[Stefan Bellof]]<br /> | 11<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Ivan Capelli]]<br /> | 14, 16<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Philippe Streiff]]<br /> | 15<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[WilliamsF1|Canon Williams Honda Team]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[WilliamsF1|Williams]]-[[Honda Racing F1|Honda]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Williams FW10|FW10]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Honda Racing F1|Honda]] RA164E 1.5 [[V6]][[Turbocharger|t]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 5<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Nigel Mansell]]<br /> | All<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:87%;&quot;&gt;{{flagicon|NZL}} [[Mike Thackwell]]<br /> |-<br /> | 6<br /> | {{flagicon|FIN}} [[Keke Rosberg]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Brabham|Motor Racing Developments]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[Brabham]]-[[BMW in Formula One|BMW]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[Brabham BT54|BT54]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[BMW M12|BMW M12/13]] 1.5 [[Straight-4|L4]][[Turbocharger|t]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| {{Pirelli}}<br /> | 7<br /> | {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Nelson Piquet]]<br /> | All<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:87%;&quot;&gt;''n/a''<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 8<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[François Hesnault]]<br /> | 1-4<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|SUI}} [[Marc Surer]]<br /> | 5-16<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[RAM Racing|Skoal Bandit Formula 1 Team]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| [[RAM Racing|RAM]]-[[Brian Hart Ltd.|Hart]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| [[RAM 03|03]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| [[Brian Hart Ltd.|Hart]] 415T 1.5 [[Straight-4|L4]][[Turbocharger|t]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| {{Pirelli}}<br /> |rowspan=2| 9<br /> | {{flagicon|FRG}} [[Manfred Winkelhock]]<br /> | 1-9<br /> | rowspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:87%;&quot;&gt;''n/a''<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=2|{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Philippe Alliot]]<br /> | 10-14<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=2| 10<br /> | 1-9<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Kenny Acheson]]<br /> | 10-12<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Team Lotus|John Player Special Team Lotus]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[Renault in Formula One|Renault]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Lotus 97T|97T]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Renault in Formula One|Renault]] EF15 1.5 [[V6]][[Turbocharger|t]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 11<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Elio de Angelis]]<br /> | All<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:87%;&quot;&gt;''n/a''<br /> |-<br /> | 12<br /> | {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Ayrton Senna]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Renault F1|Equipe Renault Elf]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[Renault F1|Renault]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[Renault RE60|RE60]]&lt;br&gt;[[Renault RE60B|RE60B]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[Renault F1|Renault]] EF4B 1.5 [[V6]][[Turbocharger|t]]&lt;br&gt;[[Renault F1|Renault]] EF15 1.5 [[V6]][[Turbocharger|t]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 14<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[François Hesnault]]<br /> | 9<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:87%;&quot;&gt;''n/a''<br /> |-<br /> | 15<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Patrick Tambay]]<br /> | 1-14, 16<br /> |-<br /> | 16<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Derek Warwick]]<br /> | 1-14, 16<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Arrows Grand Prix International|Barclay Arrows BMW]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Arrows Grand Prix International|Arrows]]-[[BMW in Formula One|BMW]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Arrows A8|A8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[BMW M12|BMW M12/13]] 1.5 [[Straight-4|L4]][[Turbocharger|t]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 17<br /> | {{flagicon|AUT}} [[Gerhard Berger]]<br /> | All<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:87%;&quot;&gt;''n/a''<br /> |-<br /> | 18<br /> | {{flagicon|BEL}} [[Thierry Boutsen]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Toleman|Toleman Group Motorsport]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Toleman]]-[[Brian Hart Ltd.|Hart]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Toleman TG185|TG185]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Brian Hart Ltd.|Hart]] 415T 1.5 [[Straight-4|L4]][[Turbocharger|t]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Pirelli}}<br /> | 19<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Teo Fabi]]<br /> | 4-16<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:87%;&quot;&gt;''n/a''<br /> |-<br /> | 20<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Piercarlo Ghinzani]]<br /> | 10-16<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Spirit Racing|Spirit Enterprises Ltd]]<br /> ! [[Spirit Racing|Spirit]]-[[Brian Hart Ltd.|Hart]]<br /> | [[Spirit 101D|101D]]<br /> | [[Brian Hart Ltd.|Hart]] 415T 1.5 [[Straight-4|L4]][[Turbocharger|t]]<br /> | {{Pirelli}}<br /> | 21<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Mauro Baldi]]<br /> | 1-3<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:87%;&quot;&gt;''n/a''<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Alfa Romeo in Formula One|Benetton Team Alfa Romeo]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Alfa Romeo in Formula One|Alfa Romeo]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Alfa Romeo 184TB|184TB]]&lt;br&gt;[[Alfa Romeo 185T|185T]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Alfa Romeo in Formula One|Alfa Romeo]] 890T 1.5 [[V8 engine|V8]][[Turbocharger|t]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 22<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Riccardo Patrese]]<br /> | All<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:87%;&quot;&gt;{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Giorgio Francia]]<br /> |-<br /> | 23<br /> | {{flagicon|USA}} [[Eddie Cheever]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Osella|Osella Squadra Corse]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Osella]]-[[Alfa Romeo in Formula One|Alfa Romeo]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Osella FA1F|FA1F]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Alfa Romeo in Formula One|Alfa Romeo]] 890T 1.5 [[V8 engine|V8]][[Turbocharger|t]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Pirelli}}<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 24<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Piercarlo Ghinzani]]<br /> | 1-8<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:87%;&quot;&gt;{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Giorgio Francia]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|NED}} [[Huub Rothengatter]]<br /> | 9-16<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Equipe Ligier]]&lt;br&gt;{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Equipe Ligier]] [[Gitanes]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[Equipe Ligier|Ligier]]-[[Renault in Formula One|Renault]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[Ligier JS25|JS25]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[Renault in Formula One|Renault]] EF4B 1.5 [[V6]][[Turbocharger|t]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| {{Pirelli}}<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 25<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Andrea de Cesaris]]<br /> | 1-11<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:87%;&quot;&gt;{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Michel Ferté]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Philippe Streiff]]<br /> | 12-14, 16<br /> |-<br /> | 26<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Jacques Laffite]]<br /> | 1-14, 16<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Scuderia Ferrari]] SpA SEFAC<br /> !rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[Ferrari 156/85|156/85]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]] 031 1.5 [[V6]][[Turbocharger|t]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 27<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Michele Alboreto]]<br /> | All<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:87%;&quot;&gt;{{flagicon|GBR}} [[Johnny Dumfries]]<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 28<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[René Arnoux]]<br /> | 1<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|SWE}} [[Stefan Johansson]]<br /> | 2-16<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Minardi|Minardi Team SpA]]<br /> ! [[Minardi]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Minardi M185|M185]]<br /> | [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Pirelli}}<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 29<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Pierluigi Martini]]<br /> | 1-2<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:87%;&quot;&gt;{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Michele Alboreto]]<br /> |-<br /> ! [[Minardi]]-[[Motori Moderni]]<br /> | [[Motori Moderni]] Tipo 615-90 1.5 [[V6]][[Turbocharger|t]]<br /> | 3-16<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|FRG}} [[Zakspeed|West Zakspeed Racing]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Zakspeed]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Zakspeed 841|841]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Zakspeed]] 1500/4 1.5 [[Straight-4|L4]][[Turbocharger|t]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 30<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Jonathan Palmer]]<br /> | 2-4, 7-11<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:87%;&quot;&gt;''n/a''<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|FRG}} [[Christian Danner]]<br /> | 13-14<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|USA}} [[Haas Lola|Team Haas (USA) Ltd]]<br /> ! [[Lola Cars|Lola]]-[[Brian Hart Ltd.|Hart]]<br /> | [[Lola THL1|THL1]]<br /> | [[Brian Hart Ltd.|Hart]] 415T 1.5 [[Straight-4|L4]][[Turbocharger|t]]<br /> | {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 33<br /> | {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Alan Jones (racing driver)|Alan Jones]]<br /> | 12, 14-16<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:87%;&quot;&gt;''n/a''<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Season review==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 85%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Rnd<br /> ! Race<br /> ! Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Pole Position<br /> ! Fastest Lap<br /> ! Race Winner<br /> ! Constructor<br /> ! Report<br /> |-<br /> ! 1<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Brazilian Grand Prix]]<br /> | April 7<br /> | [[Autódromo Internacional Nelson Piquet|Jacarepaguá]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Michele Alboreto]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Alain Prost]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Alain Prost]]<br /> | [[McLaren]]-[[Techniques d'Avant Garde|TAG]]<br /> | [[1985 Brazilian Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 2<br /> | {{flagicon|Portugal}} [[Portuguese Grand Prix]]<br /> | April 21<br /> | [[Autódromo do Estoril|Estoril]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Ayrton Senna]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Ayrton Senna]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Ayrton Senna]]<br /> | [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[Renault F1|Renault]]<br /> | [[1985 Portuguese Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 3<br /> | {{flagicon|San Marino}} [[San Marino Grand Prix]]<br /> | May 5<br /> | [[Autodromo Enzo e Dino Ferrari|Imola]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Ayrton Senna]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Michele Alboreto]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Elio de Angelis]]<br /> | [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[Renault F1|Renault]]<br /> | [[1985 San Marino Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 4<br /> | {{flagicon|Monaco}} [[Monaco Grand Prix]]<br /> | May 19<br /> | [[Circuit de Monaco|Monaco]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Ayrton Senna]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Michele Alboreto]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Alain Prost]]<br /> | [[McLaren]]-[[Techniques d'Avant Garde|TAG]]<br /> | [[1985 Monaco Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 5<br /> | {{flagicon|Canada}} [[Canadian Grand Prix]]<br /> | June 16<br /> | [[Circuit Gilles Villeneuve]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Elio de Angelis]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Ayrton Senna]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Michele Alboreto]]<br /> | [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> | [[1985 Canadian Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 6<br /> | {{flagicon|United States}} [[Detroit Grand Prix]]<br /> | June 23<br /> | [[Detroit Street Circuit|Detroit]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Ayrton Senna]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Ayrton Senna]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Finland}} [[Keke Rosberg]]<br /> | [[WilliamsF1|Williams]]-[[Honda F1|Honda]]<br /> | [[1985 Detroit Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 7<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[French Grand Prix]]<br /> | July 7<br /> | [[Paul Ricard Circuit|Paul Ricard]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Finland}} [[Keke Rosberg]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Finland}} [[Keke Rosberg]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Nelson Piquet]]<br /> | [[Brabham]]-[[BMW in Formula One|BMW]]<br /> | [[1985 French Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 8<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[British Grand Prix]]<br /> | July 21<br /> | [[Silverstone Circuit|Silverstone]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Finland}} [[Keke Rosberg]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Alain Prost]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Alain Prost]]<br /> | [[McLaren]]-[[Techniques d'Avant Garde|TAG]]<br /> | [[1985 British Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 9<br /> | {{flagicon|West Germany}} [[German Grand Prix]]<br /> | August 4<br /> | [[Nürburgring]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Teo Fabi]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Niki Lauda]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Michele Alboreto]]<br /> | [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> | [[1985 German Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 10<br /> | {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Austrian Grand Prix]]<br /> | August 18<br /> | [[Österreichring]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Alain Prost]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Alain Prost]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Alain Prost]]<br /> | [[McLaren]]-[[Techniques d'Avant Garde|TAG]]<br /> | [[1985 Austrian Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 11<br /> | {{flagicon|Netherlands}} [[Dutch Grand Prix]]<br /> | August 25<br /> | [[Circuit Zandvoort|Zandvoort]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Nelson Piquet]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Alain Prost]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Niki Lauda]]<br /> | [[McLaren]]-[[Techniques d'Avant Garde|TAG]]<br /> | [[1985 Dutch Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 12<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Italian Grand Prix]]<br /> | September 8<br /> | [[Autodromo Nazionale Monza|Monza]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Ayrton Senna]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Nigel Mansell]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Alain Prost]]<br /> | [[McLaren]]-[[Techniques d'Avant Garde|TAG]]<br /> | [[1985 Italian Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 13<br /> | {{flagicon|Belgium}} [[Belgian Grand Prix]]<br /> | September 15<br /> | [[Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps|Spa-Francorchamps]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Alain Prost]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Alain Prost]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Ayrton Senna]]<br /> | [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[Renault F1|Renault]]<br /> | [[1985 Belgian Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 14<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[European Grand Prix]]<br /> | October 6<br /> | [[Brands Hatch]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Ayrton Senna]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Jacques Laffite]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Nigel Mansell]]<br /> | [[WilliamsF1|Williams]]-[[Honda F1|Honda]]<br /> | [[1985 European Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 15<br /> | {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[South African Grand Prix]]<br /> | October 19<br /> | [[Kyalami]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Nigel Mansell]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Finland}} [[Keke Rosberg]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Nigel Mansell]]<br /> | [[WilliamsF1|Williams]]-[[Honda F1|Honda]]<br /> | [[1985 South African Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 16<br /> | {{flagicon|Australia}} [[Australian Grand Prix]]<br /> | November 3<br /> | [[Adelaide Street Circuit|Adelaide]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Ayrton Senna]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Finland}} [[Keke Rosberg]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Finland}} [[Keke Rosberg]]<br /> | [[WilliamsF1|Williams]]-[[Honda F1|Honda]]<br /> | [[1985 Australian Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==1985 Drivers Championship final standings==<br /> {|<br /> |- valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> |<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 85%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |- valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Pos &lt;ref name=FIA/&gt;<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Driver &lt;ref name=FIA/&gt;<br /> ! [[1985 Brazilian Grand Prix|BRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Brazil}}<br /> ! [[1985 Portuguese Grand Prix|POR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Portugal}}<br /> ! [[1985 San Marino Grand Prix|SMR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|San Marino}}<br /> ! [[1985 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Monaco}}<br /> ! [[1985 Canadian Grand Prix|CAN]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Canada}}<br /> ! [[1985 Detroit Grand Prix|DET]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|United States}}<br /> ! [[1985 French Grand Prix|FRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|France}}<br /> ! [[1985 British Grand Prix|GBR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|UK}}<br /> ! [[1985 German Grand Prix|GER]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|West Germany}}<br /> ! [[1985 Austrian Grand Prix|AUT]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Austria}}<br /> ! [[1985 Dutch Grand Prix|NED]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Netherlands}}<br /> ! [[1985 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Italy}}<br /> ! [[1985 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Belgium}}<br /> ! [[1985 European Grand Prix|EUR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|UK}}<br /> ! [[1985 South African Grand Prix|RSA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|South Africa|1928}}<br /> ! [[1985 Australian Grand Prix|AUS]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Australia}}<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Points&lt;ref name=&quot;points&quot;&gt;Only the best 11 results counted towards the Drivers' Championship. Numbers without parentheses are Championship points; numbers in parentheses are total points scored.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> ! 1<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[Alain Prost]]<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffffbf;&quot;| ''1''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#000; color:white;&quot;| DSQ<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffffbf;&quot;| 1<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffdf9f;&quot;| 3<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffdf9f;&quot;| 3<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffffbf;&quot;| ''1''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfdfdf;&quot;| 2<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffffbf;&quot;| '''''1'''''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfdfdf;&quot;| ''2''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffffbf;&quot;| 1<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffdf9f;&quot;| '''''3'''''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 4<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffdf9f;&quot;| 3<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''73 (76)'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 2<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Michele Alboreto]]<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfdfdf;&quot;| '''2'''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfdfdf;&quot;| 2<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| ''Ret''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfdfdf;&quot;| ''2''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffffbf;&quot;| 1<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffdf9f;&quot;| 3<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfdfdf;&quot;| 2<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffffbf;&quot;| 1<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffdf9f;&quot;| 3<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 4<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 13&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''53'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 3<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Finland}} [[Keke Rosberg]]<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 8<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 4<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffffbf;&quot;| 1<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfdfdf;&quot;| '''''2'''''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 12&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 4<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffdf9f;&quot;| 3<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfdfdf;&quot;| ''2''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffffbf;&quot;| ''1''<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''40'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 4<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Ayrton Senna]]<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffffbf;&quot;| '''''1'''''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| '''7'''&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| ''16''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| '''''Ret'''''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 10&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfdfdf;&quot;| 2<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffdf9f;&quot;| 3<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffdf9f;&quot;| '''3'''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffffbf;&quot;| 1<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfdfdf;&quot;| '''2'''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''38'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 5<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Elio de Angelis]]<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffdf9f;&quot;| 3<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 4<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffffbf;&quot;| 1<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffdf9f;&quot;| 3<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| '''5'''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 5<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 5<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| NC<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 5<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 5<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 6<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 5<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#000; color:white;&quot;| DSQ<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''33'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 6<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Nigel Mansell]]<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 5<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 5<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 7<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 6<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#fff;&quot;| DNS<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 6<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 6<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| ''11''&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfdfdf;&quot;| 2<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffffbf;&quot;| 1<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffffbf;&quot;| '''1'''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''31'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 7<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Sweden}} [[Stefan Johansson]]<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 7<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 8<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 6&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfdfdf;&quot;| 2<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfdfdf;&quot;| 2<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 4<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 9<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 4<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 5<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 4<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 5<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''26'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 8<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Nelson Piquet]]<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 8&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 6<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffffbf;&quot;| 1<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 4<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| '''8'''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfdfdf;&quot;| 2<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 5<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''21'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 9<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[Jacques Laffite]]<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 6<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 6<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 8<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 12<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffdf9f;&quot;| 3<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffdf9f;&quot;| 3<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 11&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| ''Ret''<br /> |<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfdfdf;&quot;| 2<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''16'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 10<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Niki Lauda]]<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 4<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| ''5''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffffbf;&quot;| 1<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#fff;&quot;| DNS<br /> |<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''14'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 11<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Belgium}} [[Thierry Boutsen]]<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 11<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfdfdf;&quot;| 2<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 9<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 9<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 7<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 9<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 4<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 8<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 9<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 10<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 6<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 6<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''11'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 12<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[Patrick Tambay]]<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 5<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffdf9f;&quot;| 3<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffdf9f;&quot;| 3<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 7<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 6<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 10&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 7<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 12<br /> |<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''11'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 13<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Switzerland}} [[Marc Surer]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 15<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 8<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 8<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 6<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 6<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 10&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 4<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 8<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 13&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''5'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 14<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Derek Warwick]]<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 10<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 7<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 10&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 5<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 7<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 5<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 6<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''5'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 15<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[Philippe Streiff]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 10<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 9<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 8<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffdf9f;&quot;| 3<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''4'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 16<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|West Germany}} [[Stefan Bellof]]<br /> |<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 6<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffcfcf;&quot;| DNQ<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 11<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 4<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 13<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 11<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 8<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 7&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''4'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 17 &lt;ref name=FIA/&gt;<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Ivan Capelli]] &lt;ref name=FIA/&gt;<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 4<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |-<br /> ! = &lt;ref name=FIA/&gt;<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[René Arnoux]] &lt;ref name=FIA/&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 4<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |-<br /> ! = &lt;ref name=FIA/&gt;<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Andrea de Cesaris]] &lt;ref name=FIA/&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 4<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 14<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 10<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 20<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Gerhard Berger]]<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 13<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 11<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 8<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 7<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 9<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 7<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 10<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 5<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 6<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Martin Brundle]]<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 8<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 9&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 10<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 12<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 7<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 10<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffcfcf;&quot;| DNQ<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 7<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 8<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 13<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 7<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| NC<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Netherlands}} [[Huub Rothengatter]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 9<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| NC<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| NC<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffcfcf;&quot;| DNQ<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 7<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[John Watson (racing driver)|John Watson]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 7<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Pierluigi Martini]]<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffcfcf;&quot;| DNQ<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 11&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 12<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 8<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Riccardo Patrese]]<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 10<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 11<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 9<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 9<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Eddie Cheever]]<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 17<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 9<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 10<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 11<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Piercarlo Ghinzani]]<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 12<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 9<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| NC<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffcfcf;&quot;| DNQ<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 15<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> | style=&quot;background:#fff;&quot;| DNS<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#fff;&quot;| DNS<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[Philippe Alliot]]<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 9<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffcfcf;&quot;| DNQ<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Jonathan Palmer]]<br /> |<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffffff;&quot;| DNS<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 11<br /> |<br /> |<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|West Germany}} [[Manfred Winkelhock]]<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 13<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| NC<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffcfcf;&quot;| DNQ<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 12<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Teo Fabi]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 14&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 12<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[François Hesnault]]<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffcfcf;&quot;| DNQ<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Australia}} [[Alan Jones (racing driver)|Alan Jones]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#fff;&quot;| DNS<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Mauro Baldi]]<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|West Germany}} [[Christian Danner]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Kenny Acheson]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffcfcf;&quot;| DNQ<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |- valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Pos<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Driver<br /> ! [[1985 Brazilian Grand Prix|BRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Brazil}}<br /> ! [[1985 Portuguese Grand Prix|POR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Portugal}}<br /> ! [[1985 San Marino Grand Prix|SMR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|San Marino}}<br /> ! [[1985 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Monaco}}<br /> ! [[1985 Canadian Grand Prix|CAN]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Canada}}<br /> ! [[1985 Detroit Grand Prix|DET]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|United States}}<br /> ! [[1985 French Grand Prix|FRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|France}}<br /> ! [[1985 British Grand Prix|GBR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|UK}}<br /> ! [[1985 German Grand Prix|GER]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|West Germany}}<br /> ! [[1985 Austrian Grand Prix|AUT]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Austria}}<br /> ! [[1985 Dutch Grand Prix|NED]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Netherlands}}<br /> ! [[1985 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Italy}}<br /> ! [[1985 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Belgium}}<br /> ! [[1985 European Grand Prix|EUR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|UK}}<br /> ! [[1985 South African Grand Prix|RSA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|South Africa|1928}}<br /> ! [[1985 Australian Grand Prix|AUS]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Australia}}<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Points<br /> |}<br /> |<br /> {{F1 driver results legend 2}}<br /> |}<br /> {{sup|†}} Drivers did not finish the Grand Prix, but were classified as they completed over 90% of the race distance.<br /> <br /> Championship points were awarded on a 9-6-4-3-2-1 basis for the first six positions at each race.&lt;ref name=HighamP6&gt;Peter Higham, The Guinness Guide to International Motor Racing, 1995, page 6&lt;/ref&gt; The best eleven results could be retained.&lt;ref&gt;Peter Higham, The Guinness Guide to International Motor Racing, 1995, page 117&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Only drivers who scored points were classified by the FIA in the final championship results.&lt;ref name=FIA/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==1985 Manufacturers Championship final standings==<br /> [[File:ProstAlain McLarenMP4-2B 1985.jpg|thumb|McLaren won the 1985 Manufacturers Championship]]<br /> [[File:Alboreto 1985-08-02.jpg|thumb|Ferrari placed 2nd in the 1985 Manufacturers Championship]]<br /> [[File:Keke Rosberg Williams FW10 1985 German GP.jpg|thumb|Williams finished 3rd in the 1985 Manufacturers Championship]]<br /> <br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 85%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |- valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;|Pos<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;|Manufacturer<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Car&lt;br /&gt;no.<br /> ! [[1985 Brazilian Grand Prix|BRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Brazil}}<br /> ! [[1985 Portuguese Grand Prix|POR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Portugal}}<br /> ! [[1985 San Marino Grand Prix|SMR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|San Marino}}<br /> ! [[1985 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Monaco}}<br /> ! [[1985 Canadian Grand Prix|CAN]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Canada}}<br /> ! [[1985 Detroit Grand Prix|DET]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|United States}}<br /> ! [[1985 French Grand Prix|FRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|France}}<br /> ! [[1985 British Grand Prix|GBR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|UK}}<br /> ! [[1985 German Grand Prix|GER]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|West Germany}}<br /> ! [[1985 Austrian Grand Prix|AUT]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Austria}}<br /> ! [[1985 Dutch Grand Prix|NED]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Netherlands}}<br /> ! [[1985 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Italy}}<br /> ! [[1985 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Belgium}}<br /> ! [[1985 European Grand Prix|EUR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|UK}}<br /> ! [[1985 South African Grand Prix|RSA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|South Africa|1928}}<br /> ! [[1985 Australian Grand Prix|AUS]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Australia}}<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;|Pts<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=2| 1<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[McLaren]]-[[Techniques d'Avant Garde|TAG]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 1<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 4<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| ''5''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffffbf;&quot;| 1<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#fff;&quot;| DNS<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 7<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| '''90'''<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 2<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffffbf;&quot;| ''1''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#000; color:white;&quot;| DSQ<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffffbf;&quot;| 1<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffdf9f;&quot;| 3<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffdf9f;&quot;| 3<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffffbf;&quot;| ''1''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfdfdf;&quot;| 2<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffffbf;&quot;| '''''1'''''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfdfdf;&quot;| ''2''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffffbf;&quot;| 1<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffdf9f;&quot;| '''''3'''''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 4<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffdf9f;&quot;| 3<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=2| 2<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 27<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfdfdf;&quot;| '''2'''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfdfdf;&quot;| 2<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| ''Ret''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfdfdf;&quot;| ''2''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffffbf;&quot;| 1<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffdf9f;&quot;| 3<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfdfdf;&quot;| 2<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffffbf;&quot;| 1<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffdf9f;&quot;| 3<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 4<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 13<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| '''82'''<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 28<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 4<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 8<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 6<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfdfdf;&quot;| 2<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfdfdf;&quot;| 2<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 4<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 9<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 4<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 5<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 4<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 5<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=2| 3<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[WilliamsF1|Williams]]-[[Honda F1|Honda]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 5<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 5<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 5<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 7<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 6<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#fff;&quot;| DNS<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 6<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 6<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| ''11''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfdfdf;&quot;| 2<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffffbf;&quot;| 1<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffffbf;&quot;| '''1'''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| '''71'''<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 6<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 8<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 4<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffffbf;&quot;| 1<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfdfdf;&quot;| '''''2'''''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 12<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 4<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffdf9f;&quot;| 3<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfdfdf;&quot;| ''2''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffffbf;&quot;| ''1''<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=2| 4<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[Renault F1|Renault]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 11<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffdf9f;&quot;| 3<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 4<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffffbf;&quot;| 1<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffdf9f;&quot;| 3<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| '''5'''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 5<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 5<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| NC<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 5<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 5<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 6<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 5<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#000; color:white;&quot;| DSQ<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| '''71'''<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 12<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffffbf;&quot;| '''''1'''''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| '''7'''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| ''16''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| '''''Ret'''''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 10<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfdfdf;&quot;| 2<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffdf9f;&quot;| 3<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffdf9f;&quot;| '''3'''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffffbf;&quot;| 1<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfdfdf;&quot;| '''2'''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=2| 5<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Brabham]]-[[BMW in Formula One|BMW]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 7<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 8<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 6<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffffbf;&quot;| 1<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 4<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| '''8'''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfdfdf;&quot;| 2<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 5<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| '''26'''<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 8<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffcfcf;&quot;| DNQ<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 15<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 8<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 8<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 6<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 6<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 10<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 4<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 8<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 13<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=2| 6<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Equipe Ligier|Ligier]]-[[Renault F1|Renault]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 25<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 4<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 14<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 10<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 10<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 9<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 8<br /> |<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffdf9f;&quot;| 3<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| '''23'''<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 26<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 6<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 6<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 8<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 12<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffdf9f;&quot;| 3<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffdf9f;&quot;| 3<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 11<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| ''Ret''<br /> |<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfdfdf;&quot;| 2<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=3| 7<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Renault F1|Renault]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 14<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| '''16'''<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 15<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 5<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffdf9f;&quot;| 3<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffdf9f;&quot;| 3<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 7<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 6<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 10<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 7<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 12<br /> |<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 16<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 10<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 7<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 10<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 5<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 7<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 5<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 6<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=2| 8<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Arrows Grand Prix International|Arrows]]-[[BMW in Formula One|BMW]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 17<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 13<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 11<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 8<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 7<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 9<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 7<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 10<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 5<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 6<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| '''14'''<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 18<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 11<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfdfdf;&quot;| 2<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 9<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 9<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 7<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 9<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 4<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 8<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 9<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 10<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 6<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 6<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=2| 9<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 3<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 8<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 9<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 10<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 12<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| '''4'''<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 4<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 7<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 6<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffcfcf;&quot;| DNQ<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 11<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 4<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 13<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 11<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 10<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffcfcf;&quot;| DNQ<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=2| 10<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell]]-[[Renault F1|Renault]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 3<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 7<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 8<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 7<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 7<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 8<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 13<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 7<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| NC<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 4<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 4<br /> |-<br /> !| —<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Osella]]-[[Alfa Romeo in Formula One|Alfa Romeo]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 24<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 12<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 9<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| NC<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffcfcf;&quot;| DNQ<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 15<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 9<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| NC<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| NC<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffcfcf;&quot;| DNQ<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 7<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> !| —<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Minardi]]-[[Motori Moderni]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 29<br /> |<br /> |<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffcfcf;&quot;| DNQ<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 11<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 12<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 8<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=2| —<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Alfa Romeo in Formula One|Alfa Romeo]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 22<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 10<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 11<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 9<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 9<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 23<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 17<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 9<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 10<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 11<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=2| —<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[RAM Racing|RAM]]-[[Hart (racing)|Hart]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 9<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 13<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| NC<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffcfcf;&quot;| DNQ<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 12<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 10<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 9<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffcfcf;&quot;| DNQ<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffcfcf;&quot;| DNQ<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | WD<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> !| —<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flagicon|FRG}} [[Zakspeed]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 30<br /> |<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffffff;&quot;| DNS<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 11<br /> |<br /> |<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=2| —<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Toleman]]-[[Hart (racing)|Hart]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 19<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 14<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 12<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 20<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> | style=&quot;background:#fff;&quot;| DNS<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#fff;&quot;| DNS<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> |-<br /> !| —<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Minardi]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 29<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> !| —<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Spirit Racing|Spirit]]-[[Hart (racing)|Hart]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 21<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> !| —<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Lola Cars|Lola]]-[[Hart (racing)|Hart]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 33<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#fff;&quot;| DNS<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |- valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;|Pos<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;|Manufacturer<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Car&lt;br /&gt;no.<br /> ! [[1985 Brazilian Grand Prix|BRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Brazil}}<br /> ! [[1985 Portuguese Grand Prix|POR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Portugal}}<br /> ! [[1985 San Marino Grand Prix|SMR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|San Marino}}<br /> ! [[1985 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Monaco}}<br /> ! [[1985 Canadian Grand Prix|CAN]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Canada}}<br /> ! [[1985 Detroit Grand Prix|DET]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|United States}}<br /> ! [[1985 French Grand Prix|FRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|France}}<br /> ! [[1985 British Grand Prix|GBR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|UK}}<br /> ! [[1985 German Grand Prix|GER]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|West Germany}}<br /> ! [[1985 Austrian Grand Prix|AUT]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Austria}}<br /> ! [[1985 Dutch Grand Prix|NED]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Netherlands}}<br /> ! [[1985 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Italy}}<br /> ! [[1985 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Belgium}}<br /> ! [[1985 European Grand Prix|EUR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|UK}}<br /> ! [[1985 South African Grand Prix|RSA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|South Africa|1928}}<br /> ! [[1985 Australian Grand Prix|AUS]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Australia}}<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;|Pts<br /> |}<br /> <br /> Championship points were awarded on a 9-6-4-3-2-1 basis for the first six positions at each race.&lt;ref name=HighamP6/&gt;<br /> <br /> Only manufacturers that scored points were classified by the FIA in the final championship results.&lt;ref name=FIA/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Notes==<br /> &lt;references/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> *[http://www.4mula1.ro/history/article/article10.html 1985 Formula 1 review]<br /> <br /> {{Formula One Championship}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Formula One seasons]]<br /> [[Category:1985 in Formula One| ]]<br /> <br /> [[ar:بطولة العالم لسباقات الفورمولا واحد موسم 1985]]<br /> [[bg:Световен шампионат на Формула 1 (1985)]]<br /> [[ca:Temporada 1985 de Fórmula 1]]<br /> [[cs:Formule 1 v roce 1985]]<br /> [[de:Formel-1-Saison 1985]]<br /> [[es:Anexo:Temporada 1985 de Fórmula 1]]<br /> [[eu:1985eko 1 Formulako denboraldia]]<br /> [[fa:مسابقات فرمول یک فصل ۱۹۸۵]]<br /> [[fr:Championnat du monde de Formule 1 1985]]<br /> [[gl:Campionato Mundial de Fórmula 1 de 1985]]<br /> [[hr:Formula 1 - sezona 1985.]]<br /> [[id:Formula Satu musim 1985]]<br /> [[it:Campionato mondiale di Formula 1 1985]]<br /> [[he:פורמולה 1 עונת 1985]]<br /> [[lt:1985 m. Formulės 1 sezonas]]<br /> [[hu:1985-ös Formula–1 világbajnokság]]<br /> [[mr:१९८५ फॉर्म्युला वन हंगाम]]<br /> [[mzn:فصل ۱۹۸۵ فرمول یک مسابقات]]<br /> [[nl:Formule 1 in 1985]]<br /> [[ja:1985年のF1世界選手権]]<br /> [[no:Formel 1-sesongen 1985]]<br /> [[pl:Formuła 1 Sezon 1985]]<br /> [[pt:Temporada de Fórmula 1 de 1985]]<br /> [[ru:Формула-1 в сезоне 1985]]<br /> [[simple:1985 Formula One season]]<br /> [[sl:Formula 1 sezona 1985]]<br /> [[sr:Формула 1 (1985)]]<br /> [[fi:Formula 1 -kausi 1985]]<br /> [[sv:Formel 1-VM 1985]]</div> Tulumino https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1985_Formula_One_World_Championship&diff=537452861 1985 Formula One World Championship 2013-02-09T22:42:59Z <p>Tulumino: /* 1985 Drivers Championship final standings */ defect in warm-up</p> <hr /> <div>{{F1 season | year = 1985}}<br /> [[File:Alain Prost 2008.jpg|thumb|250px|right|[[Alain Prost]] won his first of four titles by a 23-point margin.]]<br /> The '''1985 Formula One season''' was the 36th season of [[FIA]] [[Formula One]] motor racing. It featured the 1985 Formula 1 World Championship &lt;ref name=FIA&gt;1986 FIA Yearbook, Red Section, Results of 1985 FIA International Championships, pages 78-79&lt;/ref&gt; which commenced on 7 April 1985 and ended on 3 November 1985 after sixteen races. World Championship titles were awarded for both Drivers and Manufacturers.&lt;ref name=FIA/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Season summary==<br /> The 1985 Formula One season saw continued success for the McLaren-TAG team. After missing out on the Drivers Championship by just half a point the previous year, [[Alain Prost]] would ultimately secure his first of four titles by a 23-point margin. The Formula One writer Koen Vergeer remarks that &quot;it was about time, everyone knew he was the best&quot;, reflecting a general feeling that Prost had been unlucky to finish runner-up in {{f1|1983}} to [[Nelson Piquet]] and in {{f1|1984}} to [[Niki Lauda]].<br /> <br /> The reigning Drivers Champion Lauda competed in his final season of Formula One but was unable to match Prost for results, winning just once at [[Circuit Park Zandvoort|Zandvoort]] despite being close to his team-mate in terms of pace. For most of the season the points table was headed by [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]'s [[Michele Alboreto]], who enjoyed his best season in F1. He won the Canadian and German Grands Prix, and was on the podium eight times. Ferrari's results faded badly in the second half of the season as other emerging drivers took the fight to Prost.<br /> <br /> Among these were [[Ayrton Senna]] and [[Nigel Mansell]], both of whom scored their first victories in 1985. [[Team Lotus|Lotus]] team manager [[Peter Warr]] had replaced Mansell with Senna going into the season, a decision which initially seemed justified when Senna took a superb win in the wet at [[Estoril Circuit|Estoril]] in Round 2. However Mansell fought back with Williams, and chalked up two victories near the season's end, including his famous breakthrough win at [[Brands Hatch]]. Mansell would go on to mount a serious title challenge in 1986. Perhaps the fastest combination of the year was [[Keke Rosberg]] in the other Williams, who used the powerful Honda engine to set a new lap record around [[silverstone circuit|Silverstone]] in qualifying for the [[1985 British Grand Prix|British Grand Prix]] - becoming the first man to lap at an average speed of over {{convert|160|mph|km/h|0|abbr=on}}. He finished third in the standings after wins on the street circuits of [[Detroit street circuit|Detroit]] and [[Adelaide Street Circuit|Adelaide]], but lacked the reliability to overcome Prost.<br /> <br /> 1.5-litre turbocharged engines had become universal during 1985, heralding the extinction of the 3.0-litre naturally aspirated [[Ford Cosworth DFV]] engine. Between 1985 and 1986 Formula One engines would achieve the highest levels of power ever seen in the sport (the specially built [[Renault F1|Renault]] qualifying engine was reportedly putting out over {{Convert|1150|bhp|kW PS|0|abbr=on}} by the end of 1985), before serious restrictions and their 'phasing out' began in 1987. The power output of the engines was controlled in racing conditions by means of a strict fuel limit; however in qualifying trim teams were commonly able to increase the boost of their engines for optimum power. This fuel economy was key to successful race strategy in 1985; Mansell recalls the added interest of planning his fuel use in his autobiography. It also proved costly for Ayrton Senna, who lost victory just four laps from home at Imola when he ran out of fuel. After Prost was disqualified for an underweight McLaren, victory fell to Senna's Lotus team mate [[Elio de Angelis]] in what would prove to be his second and last Grand Prix win.<br /> <br /> 1985 also saw a return to the calendar of the [[Spa-Francorchamps]] circuit in Belgium after the [[Belgian Grand Prix]] had been held there in 1983 and at [[Circuit Zolder|Zolder]] in 1984. Although shortened from its dangerous 1947-1978 14 kilometer form, it remained a challenge for the drivers. It also caused one of the few cancellations of Grands Prix in the sport's history, when the new all-weather track surface melted during the summer conditions in practice. The race was originally scheduled between Monaco and Canada, and extensive repairs were needed and the race was rescheduled for later in the year; Senna was the winner, with Prost finishing on the podium again to take a big step towards his first championship.<br /> <br /> [[Image:Bellof, Stefan am 1985-08-02.jpg|thumb|left|Bellof at the [[1985 German Grand Prix]].]]<br /> <br /> The [[Dutch Grand Prix]] was the last Grand Prix for [[Stefan Bellof]], who died in the [[World Sports Car Championship|World Endurance Championship]] race at [[Spa Francorchamps]] at Eau Rouge corner. He was the reigning World Endurance Champion, but decided against driving for the [[Porsche]] factory team in 1985, to concentrate on Formula 1, but was still driving in various WEC races for the private Brun team. Until his death [[Stefan Bellof]] was one of the rising stars in racing, being rumored to having an offer to drive for Ferrari in 1986. The summer of 1985 was remembered as the saddest weeks for German racing, as both German formula one drivers, [[Manfred Winkelhock]] and [[Stefan Bellof]] died within three weeks in WEC races.<br /> <br /> 1985 also saw the [[Australian Grand Prix]] added to the Formula One World Championship. The race was held in [[Adelaide]], [[South Australia]] on a street circuit on 3 November, as the last race of the season. The Adelaide Street Circuit was praised by the Formula One fraternity and event won the [[List of Formula One Promotional Trophy winners|Formula One Promotional Trophy for Race Promoter]] as the best race meeting of the year.<br /> <br /> The 1985 season is widely considered by the F1 community to be one of the best and most exciting Formula One seasons of all time.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=spEIzu8MLd4 ]{{dead link|date=November 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; In a season full of excitement, it was the first and last of many things. The 1985 season was affirmation of Senna as one of the best drivers in the world in only his 2nd season of Formula One, the first championship win of 4 for Prost and the first and second race wins of 31 for Mansell and first and second race wins of 41 for Senna. This season was also the last full season for Alfa Romeo as a factory effort, the last for Renault as a factory effort until 2002, and the last to include a Dutch Grand Prix, which was the last ever Formula One race at Zandvoort. It also saw the last race at the original [[Kyalami]] circuit, and the last [[South African Grand Prix]] until 1992. 1985 Also saw the last race at the full Paul Ricard Circuit, the last European Grand Prix to be held at Brands Hatch, the last race with Monaco's infamous dog leg corner and the last British Grand Prix at Silverstone with the Woodcote chicane and the permanent addition of the Spa-Francorchamps as the venue for the Belgian Grand Prix, and the last win of 25 for Niki Lauda in his final season in Formula One. Even though Formula One had tragically lost rising stars Stefan Bellof and Manfred Winkelhock in separate [[World Sports Car Championship|World Endurance Championship]] races at Spa-Francorchamps and [[Mosport]] (Canada), it was still a season to remember.<br /> <br /> ==Drivers and constructors==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 85%&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Entrant<br /> ! Constructor<br /> ! Chassis<br /> ! Engine<br /> ! Tyres<br /> ! No<br /> ! Driver<br /> ! Rounds<br /> ! Test driver(s)<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[McLaren|Marlboro McLaren International]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[McLaren]]-[[Techniques d'Avant Garde|TAG]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[McLaren MP4/2B|MP4/2B]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[Techniques d'Avant Garde|TAG]] TTE PO1 1.5 [[V6]][[Turbocharger|t]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 1<br /> | {{flagicon|AUT}} [[Niki Lauda]]<br /> | 1-13, 15-16<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:87%;&quot;&gt;''n/a''<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[John Watson (racing driver)|John Watson]]<br /> | 14<br /> |-<br /> | 2<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Alain Prost]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;8&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell Racing Organisation]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| [[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| [[Tyrrell 012|012]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;8&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 3<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Martin Brundle]]<br /> | 1-6<br /> | rowspan=&quot;8&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:87%;&quot;&gt;''n/a''<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;|4<br /> | {{flagicon|SWE}} [[Stefan Johansson]]<br /> | 1<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|FRG}} [[Stefan Bellof]]<br /> | 2-8<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Martin Brundle]]<br /> | 9-10<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| [[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell]]-[[Renault in Formula One|Renault]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| [[Tyrrell 014|014]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| [[Renault in Formula One|Renault]] EF4B 1.5 [[V6]][[Turbocharger|t]]<br /> | 3<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Martin Brundle]]<br /> | 7-8, 11-16<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;|4<br /> | {{flagicon|FRG}} [[Stefan Bellof]]<br /> | 11<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Ivan Capelli]]<br /> | 14, 16<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Philippe Streiff]]<br /> | 15<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[WilliamsF1|Canon Williams Honda Team]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[WilliamsF1|Williams]]-[[Honda Racing F1|Honda]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Williams FW10|FW10]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Honda Racing F1|Honda]] RA164E 1.5 [[V6]][[Turbocharger|t]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 5<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Nigel Mansell]]<br /> | All<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:87%;&quot;&gt;{{flagicon|NZL}} [[Mike Thackwell]]<br /> |-<br /> | 6<br /> | {{flagicon|FIN}} [[Keke Rosberg]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Brabham|Motor Racing Developments]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[Brabham]]-[[BMW in Formula One|BMW]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[Brabham BT54|BT54]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[BMW M12|BMW M12/13]] 1.5 [[Straight-4|L4]][[Turbocharger|t]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| {{Pirelli}}<br /> | 7<br /> | {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Nelson Piquet]]<br /> | All<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:87%;&quot;&gt;''n/a''<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 8<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[François Hesnault]]<br /> | 1-4<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|SUI}} [[Marc Surer]]<br /> | 5-16<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[RAM Racing|Skoal Bandit Formula 1 Team]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| [[RAM Racing|RAM]]-[[Brian Hart Ltd.|Hart]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| [[RAM 03|03]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| [[Brian Hart Ltd.|Hart]] 415T 1.5 [[Straight-4|L4]][[Turbocharger|t]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| {{Pirelli}}<br /> |rowspan=2| 9<br /> | {{flagicon|FRG}} [[Manfred Winkelhock]]<br /> | 1-9<br /> | rowspan=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:87%;&quot;&gt;''n/a''<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=2|{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Philippe Alliot]]<br /> | 10-14<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=2| 10<br /> | 1-9<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Kenny Acheson]]<br /> | 10-12<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Team Lotus|John Player Special Team Lotus]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[Renault in Formula One|Renault]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Lotus 97T|97T]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Renault in Formula One|Renault]] EF15 1.5 [[V6]][[Turbocharger|t]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 11<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Elio de Angelis]]<br /> | All<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:87%;&quot;&gt;''n/a''<br /> |-<br /> | 12<br /> | {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Ayrton Senna]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Renault F1|Equipe Renault Elf]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[Renault F1|Renault]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[Renault RE60|RE60]]&lt;br&gt;[[Renault RE60B|RE60B]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[Renault F1|Renault]] EF4B 1.5 [[V6]][[Turbocharger|t]]&lt;br&gt;[[Renault F1|Renault]] EF15 1.5 [[V6]][[Turbocharger|t]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 14<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[François Hesnault]]<br /> | 9<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:87%;&quot;&gt;''n/a''<br /> |-<br /> | 15<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Patrick Tambay]]<br /> | 1-14, 16<br /> |-<br /> | 16<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Derek Warwick]]<br /> | 1-14, 16<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Arrows Grand Prix International|Barclay Arrows BMW]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Arrows Grand Prix International|Arrows]]-[[BMW in Formula One|BMW]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Arrows A8|A8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[BMW M12|BMW M12/13]] 1.5 [[Straight-4|L4]][[Turbocharger|t]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 17<br /> | {{flagicon|AUT}} [[Gerhard Berger]]<br /> | All<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:87%;&quot;&gt;''n/a''<br /> |-<br /> | 18<br /> | {{flagicon|BEL}} [[Thierry Boutsen]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Toleman|Toleman Group Motorsport]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Toleman]]-[[Brian Hart Ltd.|Hart]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Toleman TG185|TG185]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Brian Hart Ltd.|Hart]] 415T 1.5 [[Straight-4|L4]][[Turbocharger|t]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Pirelli}}<br /> | 19<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Teo Fabi]]<br /> | 4-16<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:87%;&quot;&gt;''n/a''<br /> |-<br /> | 20<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Piercarlo Ghinzani]]<br /> | 10-16<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Spirit Racing|Spirit Enterprises Ltd]]<br /> ! [[Spirit Racing|Spirit]]-[[Brian Hart Ltd.|Hart]]<br /> | [[Spirit 101D|101D]]<br /> | [[Brian Hart Ltd.|Hart]] 415T 1.5 [[Straight-4|L4]][[Turbocharger|t]]<br /> | {{Pirelli}}<br /> | 21<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Mauro Baldi]]<br /> | 1-3<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:87%;&quot;&gt;''n/a''<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Alfa Romeo in Formula One|Benetton Team Alfa Romeo]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Alfa Romeo in Formula One|Alfa Romeo]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Alfa Romeo 184TB|184TB]]&lt;br&gt;[[Alfa Romeo 185T|185T]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Alfa Romeo in Formula One|Alfa Romeo]] 890T 1.5 [[V8 engine|V8]][[Turbocharger|t]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 22<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Riccardo Patrese]]<br /> | All<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:87%;&quot;&gt;{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Giorgio Francia]]<br /> |-<br /> | 23<br /> | {{flagicon|USA}} [[Eddie Cheever]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Osella|Osella Squadra Corse]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Osella]]-[[Alfa Romeo in Formula One|Alfa Romeo]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Osella FA1F|FA1F]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Alfa Romeo in Formula One|Alfa Romeo]] 890T 1.5 [[V8 engine|V8]][[Turbocharger|t]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Pirelli}}<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 24<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Piercarlo Ghinzani]]<br /> | 1-8<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:87%;&quot;&gt;{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Giorgio Francia]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|NED}} [[Huub Rothengatter]]<br /> | 9-16<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Equipe Ligier]]&lt;br&gt;{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Equipe Ligier]] [[Gitanes]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[Equipe Ligier|Ligier]]-[[Renault in Formula One|Renault]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[Ligier JS25|JS25]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[Renault in Formula One|Renault]] EF4B 1.5 [[V6]][[Turbocharger|t]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| {{Pirelli}}<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 25<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Andrea de Cesaris]]<br /> | 1-11<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:87%;&quot;&gt;{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Michel Ferté]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Philippe Streiff]]<br /> | 12-14, 16<br /> |-<br /> | 26<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Jacques Laffite]]<br /> | 1-14, 16<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Scuderia Ferrari]] SpA SEFAC<br /> !rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[Ferrari 156/85|156/85]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]] 031 1.5 [[V6]][[Turbocharger|t]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 27<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Michele Alboreto]]<br /> | All<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:87%;&quot;&gt;{{flagicon|GBR}} [[Johnny Dumfries]]<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 28<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[René Arnoux]]<br /> | 1<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|SWE}} [[Stefan Johansson]]<br /> | 2-16<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Minardi|Minardi Team SpA]]<br /> ! [[Minardi]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Minardi M185|M185]]<br /> | [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Pirelli}}<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 29<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Pierluigi Martini]]<br /> | 1-2<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:87%;&quot;&gt;{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Michele Alboreto]]<br /> |-<br /> ! [[Minardi]]-[[Motori Moderni]]<br /> | [[Motori Moderni]] Tipo 615-90 1.5 [[V6]][[Turbocharger|t]]<br /> | 3-16<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|FRG}} [[Zakspeed|West Zakspeed Racing]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Zakspeed]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Zakspeed 841|841]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Zakspeed]] 1500/4 1.5 [[Straight-4|L4]][[Turbocharger|t]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 30<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Jonathan Palmer]]<br /> | 2-4, 7-11<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:87%;&quot;&gt;''n/a''<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|FRG}} [[Christian Danner]]<br /> | 13-14<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|USA}} [[Haas Lola|Team Haas (USA) Ltd]]<br /> ! [[Lola Cars|Lola]]-[[Brian Hart Ltd.|Hart]]<br /> | [[Lola THL1|THL1]]<br /> | [[Brian Hart Ltd.|Hart]] 415T 1.5 [[Straight-4|L4]][[Turbocharger|t]]<br /> | {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 33<br /> | {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Alan Jones (racing driver)|Alan Jones]]<br /> | 12, 14-16<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:87%;&quot;&gt;''n/a''<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Season review==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 85%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Rnd<br /> ! Race<br /> ! Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Pole Position<br /> ! Fastest Lap<br /> ! Race Winner<br /> ! Constructor<br /> ! Report<br /> |-<br /> ! 1<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Brazilian Grand Prix]]<br /> | April 7<br /> | [[Autódromo Internacional Nelson Piquet|Jacarepaguá]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Michele Alboreto]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Alain Prost]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Alain Prost]]<br /> | [[McLaren]]-[[Techniques d'Avant Garde|TAG]]<br /> | [[1985 Brazilian Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 2<br /> | {{flagicon|Portugal}} [[Portuguese Grand Prix]]<br /> | April 21<br /> | [[Autódromo do Estoril|Estoril]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Ayrton Senna]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Ayrton Senna]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Ayrton Senna]]<br /> | [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[Renault F1|Renault]]<br /> | [[1985 Portuguese Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 3<br /> | {{flagicon|San Marino}} [[San Marino Grand Prix]]<br /> | May 5<br /> | [[Autodromo Enzo e Dino Ferrari|Imola]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Ayrton Senna]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Michele Alboreto]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Elio de Angelis]]<br /> | [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[Renault F1|Renault]]<br /> | [[1985 San Marino Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 4<br /> | {{flagicon|Monaco}} [[Monaco Grand Prix]]<br /> | May 19<br /> | [[Circuit de Monaco|Monaco]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Ayrton Senna]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Michele Alboreto]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Alain Prost]]<br /> | [[McLaren]]-[[Techniques d'Avant Garde|TAG]]<br /> | [[1985 Monaco Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 5<br /> | {{flagicon|Canada}} [[Canadian Grand Prix]]<br /> | June 16<br /> | [[Circuit Gilles Villeneuve]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Elio de Angelis]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Ayrton Senna]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Michele Alboreto]]<br /> | [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> | [[1985 Canadian Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 6<br /> | {{flagicon|United States}} [[Detroit Grand Prix]]<br /> | June 23<br /> | [[Detroit Street Circuit|Detroit]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Ayrton Senna]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Ayrton Senna]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Finland}} [[Keke Rosberg]]<br /> | [[WilliamsF1|Williams]]-[[Honda F1|Honda]]<br /> | [[1985 Detroit Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 7<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[French Grand Prix]]<br /> | July 7<br /> | [[Paul Ricard Circuit|Paul Ricard]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Finland}} [[Keke Rosberg]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Finland}} [[Keke Rosberg]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Nelson Piquet]]<br /> | [[Brabham]]-[[BMW in Formula One|BMW]]<br /> | [[1985 French Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 8<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[British Grand Prix]]<br /> | July 21<br /> | [[Silverstone Circuit|Silverstone]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Finland}} [[Keke Rosberg]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Alain Prost]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Alain Prost]]<br /> | [[McLaren]]-[[Techniques d'Avant Garde|TAG]]<br /> | [[1985 British Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 9<br /> | {{flagicon|West Germany}} [[German Grand Prix]]<br /> | August 4<br /> | [[Nürburgring]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Teo Fabi]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Niki Lauda]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Michele Alboreto]]<br /> | [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> | [[1985 German Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 10<br /> | {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Austrian Grand Prix]]<br /> | August 18<br /> | [[Österreichring]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Alain Prost]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Alain Prost]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Alain Prost]]<br /> | [[McLaren]]-[[Techniques d'Avant Garde|TAG]]<br /> | [[1985 Austrian Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 11<br /> | {{flagicon|Netherlands}} [[Dutch Grand Prix]]<br /> | August 25<br /> | [[Circuit Zandvoort|Zandvoort]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Nelson Piquet]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Alain Prost]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Niki Lauda]]<br /> | [[McLaren]]-[[Techniques d'Avant Garde|TAG]]<br /> | [[1985 Dutch Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 12<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Italian Grand Prix]]<br /> | September 8<br /> | [[Autodromo Nazionale Monza|Monza]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Ayrton Senna]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Nigel Mansell]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Alain Prost]]<br /> | [[McLaren]]-[[Techniques d'Avant Garde|TAG]]<br /> | [[1985 Italian Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 13<br /> | {{flagicon|Belgium}} [[Belgian Grand Prix]]<br /> | September 15<br /> | [[Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps|Spa-Francorchamps]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Alain Prost]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Alain Prost]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Ayrton Senna]]<br /> | [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[Renault F1|Renault]]<br /> | [[1985 Belgian Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 14<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[European Grand Prix]]<br /> | October 6<br /> | [[Brands Hatch]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Ayrton Senna]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Jacques Laffite]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Nigel Mansell]]<br /> | [[WilliamsF1|Williams]]-[[Honda F1|Honda]]<br /> | [[1985 European Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 15<br /> | {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[South African Grand Prix]]<br /> | October 19<br /> | [[Kyalami]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Nigel Mansell]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Finland}} [[Keke Rosberg]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Nigel Mansell]]<br /> | [[WilliamsF1|Williams]]-[[Honda F1|Honda]]<br /> | [[1985 South African Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 16<br /> | {{flagicon|Australia}} [[Australian Grand Prix]]<br /> | November 3<br /> | [[Adelaide Street Circuit|Adelaide]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Ayrton Senna]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Finland}} [[Keke Rosberg]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Finland}} [[Keke Rosberg]]<br /> | [[WilliamsF1|Williams]]-[[Honda F1|Honda]]<br /> | [[1985 Australian Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==1985 Drivers Championship final standings==<br /> {|<br /> |- valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> |<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 85%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |- valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Pos &lt;ref name=FIA/&gt;<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Driver &lt;ref name=FIA/&gt;<br /> ! [[1985 Brazilian Grand Prix|BRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Brazil}}<br /> ! [[1985 Portuguese Grand Prix|POR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Portugal}}<br /> ! [[1985 San Marino Grand Prix|SMR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|San Marino}}<br /> ! [[1985 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Monaco}}<br /> ! [[1985 Canadian Grand Prix|CAN]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Canada}}<br /> ! [[1985 Detroit Grand Prix|DET]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|United States}}<br /> ! [[1985 French Grand Prix|FRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|France}}<br /> ! [[1985 British Grand Prix|GBR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|UK}}<br /> ! [[1985 German Grand Prix|GER]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|West Germany}}<br /> ! [[1985 Austrian Grand Prix|AUT]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Austria}}<br /> ! [[1985 Dutch Grand Prix|NED]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Netherlands}}<br /> ! [[1985 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Italy}}<br /> ! [[1985 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Belgium}}<br /> ! [[1985 European Grand Prix|EUR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|UK}}<br /> ! [[1985 South African Grand Prix|RSA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|South Africa|1928}}<br /> ! [[1985 Australian Grand Prix|AUS]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Australia}}<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Points&lt;ref name=&quot;points&quot;&gt;Only the best 11 results counted towards the Drivers' Championship. Numbers without parentheses are Championship points; numbers in parentheses are total points scored.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> ! 1<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[Alain Prost]]<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffffbf;&quot;| ''1''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#000; color:white;&quot;| DSQ<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffffbf;&quot;| 1<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffdf9f;&quot;| 3<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffdf9f;&quot;| 3<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffffbf;&quot;| ''1''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfdfdf;&quot;| 2<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffffbf;&quot;| '''''1'''''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfdfdf;&quot;| ''2''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffffbf;&quot;| 1<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffdf9f;&quot;| '''''3'''''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 4<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffdf9f;&quot;| 3<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''73 (76)'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 2<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Michele Alboreto]]<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfdfdf;&quot;| '''2'''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfdfdf;&quot;| 2<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| ''Ret''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfdfdf;&quot;| ''2''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffffbf;&quot;| 1<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffdf9f;&quot;| 3<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfdfdf;&quot;| 2<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffffbf;&quot;| 1<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffdf9f;&quot;| 3<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 4<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 13&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''53'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 3<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Finland}} [[Keke Rosberg]]<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 8<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 4<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffffbf;&quot;| 1<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfdfdf;&quot;| '''''2'''''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 12&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 4<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffdf9f;&quot;| 3<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfdfdf;&quot;| ''2''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffffbf;&quot;| ''1''<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''40'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 4<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Ayrton Senna]]<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffffbf;&quot;| '''''1'''''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| '''7'''&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| ''16''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| '''''Ret'''''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 10&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfdfdf;&quot;| 2<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffdf9f;&quot;| 3<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffdf9f;&quot;| '''3'''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffffbf;&quot;| 1<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfdfdf;&quot;| '''2'''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''38'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 5<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Elio de Angelis]]<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffdf9f;&quot;| 3<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 4<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffffbf;&quot;| 1<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffdf9f;&quot;| 3<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| '''5'''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 5<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 5<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| NC<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 5<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 5<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 6<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 5<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#000; color:white;&quot;| DSQ<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''33'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 6<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Nigel Mansell]]<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 5<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 5<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 7<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 6<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#fff;&quot;| DNS<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 6<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 6<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| ''11''&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfdfdf;&quot;| 2<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffffbf;&quot;| 1<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffffbf;&quot;| '''1'''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''31'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 7<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Sweden}} [[Stefan Johansson]]<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 7<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 8<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 6&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfdfdf;&quot;| 2<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfdfdf;&quot;| 2<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 4<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 9<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 4<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 5<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 4<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 5<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''26'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 8<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Nelson Piquet]]<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 8&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 6<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffffbf;&quot;| 1<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 4<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| '''8'''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfdfdf;&quot;| 2<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 5<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''21'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 9<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[Jacques Laffite]]<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 6<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 6<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 8<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 12<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffdf9f;&quot;| 3<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffdf9f;&quot;| 3<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 11&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| ''Ret''<br /> |<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfdfdf;&quot;| 2<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''16'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 10<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Niki Lauda]]<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 4<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| ''5''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffffbf;&quot;| 1<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#fff;&quot;| DNS<br /> |<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''14'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 11<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Belgium}} [[Thierry Boutsen]]<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 11<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfdfdf;&quot;| 2<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 9<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 9<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 7<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 9<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 4<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 8<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 9<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 10<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 6<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 6<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''11'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 12<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[Patrick Tambay]]<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 5<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffdf9f;&quot;| 3<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffdf9f;&quot;| 3<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 7<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 6<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 10&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 7<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 12<br /> |<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''11'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 13<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Switzerland}} [[Marc Surer]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 15<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 8<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 8<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 6<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 6<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 10&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 4<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 8<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 13&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''5'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 14<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Derek Warwick]]<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 10<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 7<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 10&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 5<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 7<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 5<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 6<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''5'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 15<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[Philippe Streiff]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 10<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 9<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 8<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffdf9f;&quot;| 3<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''4'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 16<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|West Germany}} [[Stefan Bellof]]<br /> |<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 6<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffcfcf;&quot;| DNQ<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 11<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 4<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 13<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 11<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 8<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 7&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''4'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 17 &lt;ref name=FIA/&gt;<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Ivan Capelli]] &lt;ref name=FIA/&gt;<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 4<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |-<br /> ! = &lt;ref name=FIA/&gt;<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[René Arnoux]] &lt;ref name=FIA/&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 4<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |-<br /> ! = &lt;ref name=FIA/&gt;<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Andrea de Cesaris]] &lt;ref name=FIA/&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 4<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 14<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 10<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 20<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Gerhard Berger]]<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 13<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 11<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 8<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 7<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 9<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 7<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 10<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 5<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 6<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Martin Brundle]]<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 8<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 9&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 10<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 12<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 7<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 10<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffcfcf;&quot;| DNQ<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 7<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 8<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 13<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 7<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| NC<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Netherlands}} [[Huub Rothengatter]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 9<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| NC<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| NC<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffcfcf;&quot;| DNQ<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 7<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[John Watson (racing driver)|John Watson]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 7<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Pierluigi Martini]]<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffcfcf;&quot;| DNQ<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 11&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 12<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 8<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Riccardo Patrese]]<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 10<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 11<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 9<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 9<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Eddie Cheever]]<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 17<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 9<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 10<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 11<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Piercarlo Ghinzani]]<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 12<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 9<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| NC<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffcfcf;&quot;| DNQ<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 15<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> | style=&quot;background:#fff;&quot;| DNS<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#fff;&quot;| DNS<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[Philippe Alliot]]<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 9<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffcfcf;&quot;| DNQ<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Jonathan Palmer]]<br /> |<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffffff;&quot;| DNS<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 11<br /> |<br /> |<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|West Germany}} [[Manfred Winkelhock]]<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 13<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| NC<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffcfcf;&quot;| DNQ<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 12<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Teo Fabi]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 14&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 12<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[François Hesnault]]<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffcfcf;&quot;| DNQ<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Australia}} [[Alan Jones (racing driver)|Alan Jones]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#fff;&quot;| DNS<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Mauro Baldi]]<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|West Germany}} [[Christian Danner]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Kenny Acheson]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffcfcf;&quot;| DNQ<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |- valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Pos<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Driver<br /> ! [[1985 Brazilian Grand Prix|BRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Brazil}}<br /> ! [[1985 Portuguese Grand Prix|POR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Portugal}}<br /> ! [[1985 San Marino Grand Prix|SMR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|San Marino}}<br /> ! [[1985 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Monaco}}<br /> ! [[1985 Canadian Grand Prix|CAN]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Canada}}<br /> ! [[1985 Detroit Grand Prix|DET]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|United States}}<br /> ! [[1985 French Grand Prix|FRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|France}}<br /> ! [[1985 British Grand Prix|GBR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|UK}}<br /> ! [[1985 German Grand Prix|GER]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|West Germany}}<br /> ! [[1985 Austrian Grand Prix|AUT]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Austria}}<br /> ! [[1985 Dutch Grand Prix|NED]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Netherlands}}<br /> ! [[1985 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Italy}}<br /> ! [[1985 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Belgium}}<br /> ! [[1985 European Grand Prix|EUR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|UK}}<br /> ! [[1985 South African Grand Prix|RSA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|South Africa|1928}}<br /> ! [[1985 Australian Grand Prix|AUS]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Australia}}<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Points<br /> |}<br /> |<br /> {{F1 driver results legend 2}}<br /> |}<br /> {{sup|†}} Drivers did not finish the Grand Prix, but were classified as they completed over 90% of the race distance.<br /> <br /> Championship points were awarded on a 9-6-4-3-2-1 basis for the first six positions at each race.&lt;ref name=HighamP6&gt;Peter Higham, The Guinness Guide to International Motor Racing, 1995, page 6&lt;/ref&gt; The best eleven results could be retained.&lt;ref&gt;Peter Higham, The Guinness Guide to International Motor Racing, 1995, page 117&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Only drivers who scored points were classified by the FIA in the final championship results.&lt;ref name=FIA/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==1985 Manufacturers Championship final standings==<br /> [[File:ProstAlain McLarenMP4-2B 1985.jpg|thumb|McLaren won the 1985 Manufacturers Championship]]<br /> [[File:Alboreto 1985-08-02.jpg|thumb|Ferrari placed 2nd in the 1985 Manufacturers Championship]]<br /> [[File:Keke Rosberg Williams FW10 1985 German GP.jpg|thumb|Williams finished 3rd in the 1985 Manufacturers Championship]]<br /> <br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 85%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |- valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;|Pos<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;|Manufacturer<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Car&lt;br /&gt;no.<br /> ! [[1985 Brazilian Grand Prix|BRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Brazil}}<br /> ! [[1985 Portuguese Grand Prix|POR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Portugal}}<br /> ! [[1985 San Marino Grand Prix|SMR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|San Marino}}<br /> ! [[1985 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Monaco}}<br /> ! [[1985 Canadian Grand Prix|CAN]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Canada}}<br /> ! [[1985 Detroit Grand Prix|DET]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|United States}}<br /> ! [[1985 French Grand Prix|FRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|France}}<br /> ! [[1985 British Grand Prix|GBR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|UK}}<br /> ! [[1985 German Grand Prix|GER]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|West Germany}}<br /> ! [[1985 Austrian Grand Prix|AUT]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Austria}}<br /> ! [[1985 Dutch Grand Prix|NED]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Netherlands}}<br /> ! [[1985 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Italy}}<br /> ! [[1985 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Belgium}}<br /> ! [[1985 European Grand Prix|EUR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|UK}}<br /> ! [[1985 South African Grand Prix|RSA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|South Africa|1928}}<br /> ! [[1985 Australian Grand Prix|AUS]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Australia}}<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;|Pts<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=2| 1<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[McLaren]]-[[Techniques d'Avant Garde|TAG]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 1<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 4<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| ''5''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffffbf;&quot;| 1<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#fff;&quot;| DNS<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 7<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| '''90'''<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 2<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffffbf;&quot;| ''1''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#000; color:white;&quot;| DSQ<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffffbf;&quot;| 1<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffdf9f;&quot;| 3<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffdf9f;&quot;| 3<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffffbf;&quot;| ''1''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfdfdf;&quot;| 2<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffffbf;&quot;| '''''1'''''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfdfdf;&quot;| ''2''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffffbf;&quot;| 1<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffdf9f;&quot;| '''''3'''''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 4<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffdf9f;&quot;| 3<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=2| 2<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 27<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfdfdf;&quot;| '''2'''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfdfdf;&quot;| 2<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| ''Ret''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfdfdf;&quot;| ''2''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffffbf;&quot;| 1<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffdf9f;&quot;| 3<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfdfdf;&quot;| 2<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffffbf;&quot;| 1<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffdf9f;&quot;| 3<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 4<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 13<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| '''82'''<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 28<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 4<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 8<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 6<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfdfdf;&quot;| 2<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfdfdf;&quot;| 2<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 4<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 9<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 4<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 5<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 4<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 5<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=2| 3<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[WilliamsF1|Williams]]-[[Honda F1|Honda]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 5<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 5<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 5<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 7<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 6<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#fff;&quot;| DNS<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 6<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 6<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| ''11''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfdfdf;&quot;| 2<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffffbf;&quot;| 1<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffffbf;&quot;| '''1'''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| '''71'''<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 6<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 8<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 4<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffffbf;&quot;| 1<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfdfdf;&quot;| '''''2'''''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 12<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 4<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffdf9f;&quot;| 3<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfdfdf;&quot;| ''2''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffffbf;&quot;| ''1''<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=2| 4<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[Renault F1|Renault]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 11<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffdf9f;&quot;| 3<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 4<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffffbf;&quot;| 1<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffdf9f;&quot;| 3<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| '''5'''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 5<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 5<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| NC<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 5<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 5<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 6<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 5<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#000; color:white;&quot;| DSQ<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| '''71'''<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 12<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffffbf;&quot;| '''''1'''''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| '''7'''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| ''16''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| '''''Ret'''''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 10<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfdfdf;&quot;| 2<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffdf9f;&quot;| 3<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffdf9f;&quot;| '''3'''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffffbf;&quot;| 1<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfdfdf;&quot;| '''2'''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=2| 5<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Brabham]]-[[BMW in Formula One|BMW]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 7<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 8<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 6<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffffbf;&quot;| 1<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 4<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| '''8'''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfdfdf;&quot;| 2<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 5<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| '''26'''<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 8<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffcfcf;&quot;| DNQ<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 15<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 8<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 8<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 6<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 6<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 10<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 4<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 8<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 13<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=2| 6<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Equipe Ligier|Ligier]]-[[Renault F1|Renault]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 25<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 4<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 14<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 10<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 10<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 9<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 8<br /> |<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffdf9f;&quot;| 3<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| '''23'''<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 26<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 6<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 6<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 8<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 12<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffdf9f;&quot;| 3<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffdf9f;&quot;| 3<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 11<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| ''Ret''<br /> |<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfdfdf;&quot;| 2<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=3| 7<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Renault F1|Renault]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 14<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| '''16'''<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 15<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 5<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffdf9f;&quot;| 3<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffdf9f;&quot;| 3<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 7<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 6<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 10<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 7<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 12<br /> |<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 16<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 10<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 7<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 10<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 5<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 7<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 5<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 6<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=2| 8<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Arrows Grand Prix International|Arrows]]-[[BMW in Formula One|BMW]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 17<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 13<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 11<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 8<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 7<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 9<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 7<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 10<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 5<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 6<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| '''14'''<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 18<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 11<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfdfdf;&quot;| 2<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 9<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 9<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 7<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 9<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 4<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 8<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 9<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 10<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 6<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 6<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=2| 9<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 3<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 8<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 9<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 10<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 12<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| '''4'''<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 4<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 7<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 6<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffcfcf;&quot;| DNQ<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 11<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 4<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 13<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 11<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 10<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffcfcf;&quot;| DNQ<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=2| 10<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell]]-[[Renault F1|Renault]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 3<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 7<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 8<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 7<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 7<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 8<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 13<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 7<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| NC<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 4<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#dfffdf;&quot;| 4<br /> |-<br /> !| —<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Osella]]-[[Alfa Romeo in Formula One|Alfa Romeo]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 24<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 12<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 9<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| NC<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffcfcf;&quot;| DNQ<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 15<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 9<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| NC<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| NC<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffcfcf;&quot;| DNQ<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 7<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> !| —<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Minardi]]-[[Motori Moderni]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 29<br /> |<br /> |<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffcfcf;&quot;| DNQ<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 11<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 12<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 8<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=2| —<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Alfa Romeo in Formula One|Alfa Romeo]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 22<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 10<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 11<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 9<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 9<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 23<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 17<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 9<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 10<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 11<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=2| —<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[RAM Racing|RAM]]-[[Hart (racing)|Hart]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 9<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 13<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| NC<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffcfcf;&quot;| DNQ<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 12<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 10<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 9<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffcfcf;&quot;| DNQ<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#ffcfcf;&quot;| DNQ<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | WD<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> !| —<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flagicon|FRG}} [[Zakspeed]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 30<br /> |<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 11<br /> |<br /> |<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=2| —<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Toleman]]-[[Hart (racing)|Hart]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 19<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 14<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#cfcfff;&quot;| 12<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 20<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> | style=&quot;background:#fff;&quot;| DNS<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#fff;&quot;| DNS<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> |-<br /> !| —<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Minardi]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 29<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> !| —<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Spirit Racing|Spirit]]-[[Hart (racing)|Hart]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 21<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> !| —<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Lola Cars|Lola]]-[[Hart (racing)|Hart]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 33<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;background:#fff;&quot;| DNS<br /> | style=&quot;background:#efcfff;&quot;| Ret<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |- valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;|Pos<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;|Manufacturer<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Car&lt;br /&gt;no.<br /> ! [[1985 Brazilian Grand Prix|BRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Brazil}}<br /> ! [[1985 Portuguese Grand Prix|POR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Portugal}}<br /> ! [[1985 San Marino Grand Prix|SMR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|San Marino}}<br /> ! [[1985 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Monaco}}<br /> ! [[1985 Canadian Grand Prix|CAN]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Canada}}<br /> ! [[1985 Detroit Grand Prix|DET]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|United States}}<br /> ! [[1985 French Grand Prix|FRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|France}}<br /> ! [[1985 British Grand Prix|GBR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|UK}}<br /> ! [[1985 German Grand Prix|GER]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|West Germany}}<br /> ! [[1985 Austrian Grand Prix|AUT]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Austria}}<br /> ! [[1985 Dutch Grand Prix|NED]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Netherlands}}<br /> ! [[1985 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Italy}}<br /> ! [[1985 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Belgium}}<br /> ! [[1985 European Grand Prix|EUR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|UK}}<br /> ! [[1985 South African Grand Prix|RSA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|South Africa|1928}}<br /> ! [[1985 Australian Grand Prix|AUS]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Australia}}<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;|Pts<br /> |}<br /> <br /> Championship points were awarded on a 9-6-4-3-2-1 basis for the first six positions at each race.&lt;ref name=HighamP6/&gt;<br /> <br /> Only manufacturers that scored points were classified by the FIA in the final championship results.&lt;ref name=FIA/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Notes==<br /> &lt;references/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> *[http://www.4mula1.ro/history/article/article10.html 1985 Formula 1 review]<br /> <br /> {{Formula One Championship}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Formula One seasons]]<br /> [[Category:1985 in Formula One| ]]<br /> <br /> [[ar:بطولة العالم لسباقات الفورمولا واحد موسم 1985]]<br /> [[bg:Световен шампионат на Формула 1 (1985)]]<br /> [[ca:Temporada 1985 de Fórmula 1]]<br /> [[cs:Formule 1 v roce 1985]]<br /> [[de:Formel-1-Saison 1985]]<br /> [[es:Anexo:Temporada 1985 de Fórmula 1]]<br /> [[eu:1985eko 1 Formulako denboraldia]]<br /> [[fa:مسابقات فرمول یک فصل ۱۹۸۵]]<br /> [[fr:Championnat du monde de Formule 1 1985]]<br /> [[gl:Campionato Mundial de Fórmula 1 de 1985]]<br /> [[hr:Formula 1 - sezona 1985.]]<br /> [[id:Formula Satu musim 1985]]<br /> [[it:Campionato mondiale di Formula 1 1985]]<br /> [[he:פורמולה 1 עונת 1985]]<br /> [[lt:1985 m. Formulės 1 sezonas]]<br /> [[hu:1985-ös Formula–1 világbajnokság]]<br /> [[mr:१९८५ फॉर्म्युला वन हंगाम]]<br /> [[mzn:فصل ۱۹۸۵ فرمول یک مسابقات]]<br /> [[nl:Formule 1 in 1985]]<br /> [[ja:1985年のF1世界選手権]]<br /> [[no:Formel 1-sesongen 1985]]<br /> [[pl:Formuła 1 Sezon 1985]]<br /> [[pt:Temporada de Fórmula 1 de 1985]]<br /> [[ru:Формула-1 в сезоне 1985]]<br /> [[simple:1985 Formula One season]]<br /> [[sl:Formula 1 sezona 1985]]<br /> [[sr:Формула 1 (1985)]]<br /> [[fi:Formula 1 -kausi 1985]]<br /> [[sv:Formel 1-VM 1985]]</div> Tulumino https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1975_Formula_One_season&diff=537448669 1975 Formula One season 2013-02-09T22:09:54Z <p>Tulumino: /* 1975 World Championship of F1 Drivers - final standings */ did not start</p> <hr /> <div>{{F1 season | year = 1975}}<br /> [[File:Lauda, Niki 1973-07-06.jpg|thumb|Austrian Niki Lauda won the 1975 World Championship of F1 Drivers]]<br /> [[File:Emerson Fittipaldi McLaren M23 1974 Britain.jpg|thumb|Emerson Fittipaldi (McLaren M23 Ford)placed second in the 1975 World Championship of F1 Drivers]]<br /> The '''1975 Formula One season''' was the 26th season of [[FIA]] [[Formula One]] motor racing. It featured the 1975 World Championship of F1 Drivers &lt;ref&gt;1976 FIA Yearbook, Grey section, page 90&lt;/ref&gt; and the 1975 International Cup for F1 Manufacturers &lt;ref&gt;1976 FIA Yearbook, Grey section, page 91&lt;/ref&gt; which were contested concurrently from January 12 to October 5 over fourteen races. The season also included three non-championship Formula One races and a nine race South African Formula One Championship.<br /> <br /> After a strong finish to the 1974 season, many observers felt the Brabham team were favourites to win the 1975 title. The year started well, with an emotional first win for [[José Carlos Pace|Carlos Pace]] at the [[Autódromo José Carlos Pace|Interlagos]] circuit in his native [[São Paulo]]. However, over the season tyre wear frequently slowed the cars, and the initial promise was not maintained.&lt;ref&gt;Gill, Barrie (1976) &quot;The World Championship 1975&quot; ''[[John Player &amp; Sons|John Player]] Motorsport yearbook 1976'' p. 103 Queen Anne Press Ltd. ISBN 0-362-00254-1&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Niki Lauda]] often refers to 1975 as &quot;the unbelievable year&quot;. In his second year with [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]], the team provided him with the [[Ferrari 312T]] - a car that was technically far superior to any of the competition. He won his first world title with 5 wins and a huge margin over second place in the championship.<br /> <br /> American [[Mark Donohue]] died during practice for the [[1975 Austrian Grand Prix|Austrian Grand Prix]].<br /> <br /> ==Drivers and constructors==<br /> The following drivers and constructors and contested the 1975 World Championship of F1 Drivers and the 1975 International Cup for F1 Manufacturers. <br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 85%&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Entrant<br /> ! Constructor<br /> ! Chassis<br /> ! Engine<br /> ! Tyre<br /> ! No<br /> ! Driver<br /> ! Rounds<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[McLaren|Marlboro Team McLaren]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[McLaren]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[McLaren M23|M23]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 1<br /> | {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Emerson Fittipaldi]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> | 2<br /> | {{flagicon|FRG}} [[Jochen Mass]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Tyrrell Racing|Elf Team Tyrrell]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| [[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| [[Tyrrell 007|007]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 3<br /> | {{flagicon|RSA|1928}} [[Jody Scheckter]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> | 4<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Patrick Depailler]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 15<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Jean-Pierre Jabouille]]<br /> | 9<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Michel Leclère]]<br /> | 14<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;6&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Team Lotus|John Player Team Lotus]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;6&quot;| [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;6&quot;| [[Lotus 72E|72E]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;6&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;6&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> |5<br /> | {{flagicon|SWE}} [[Ronnie Peterson]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| 6<br /> | {{flagicon|BEL}} [[Jacky Ickx]]<br /> | 1-9<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Jim Crawford (racing driver)|Jim Crawford]]<br /> | 10, 13<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[John Watson (racing driver)|John Watson]]<br /> | 11<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Brian Henton]]<br /> | 12, 14<br /> |-<br /> |15<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Brian Henton]]<br /> | 10<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Martini Racing]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Brabham]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Brabham BT44B|BT44B]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 7<br /> | {{flagicon|ARG}} [[Carlos Reutemann]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> | 8<br /> | {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Carlos Pace]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} Beta [[March Engineering|Team March]]&lt;br&gt;{{flagicon|GBR}} [[Lavazza]] [[March Engineering|March]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| [[March Engineering|March]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| [[March 741|741]]&lt;br&gt;[[March 751|751]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 9<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Vittorio Brambilla]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|10<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Lella Lombardi]]<br /> | 3-9<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|FRG}} [[Hans-Joachim Stuck]]<br /> | 10-14<br /> |-<br /> | 29<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Lella Lombardi]]<br /> | 10-13<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Scuderia Ferrari SpA SEFAC]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Ferrari 312B3|312B3]]&lt;br&gt;[[Ferrari 312T|312T]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]] 001/11 3.0 [[Flat-12|F12]]&lt;br&gt;[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]] 015 3.0 [[Flat-12|F12]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 11<br /> | {{flagicon|SUI}} [[Clay Regazzoni]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> | 12<br /> | {{flagicon|AUT}} [[Niki Lauda]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[BRM|Stanley BRM]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[BRM]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[BRM P201|P201]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[BRM]] P200 3.0 [[V12 engine|V12]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 14<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Mike Wilds]]<br /> | 1-2<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Bob Evans (race driver)|Bob Evans]]<br /> | 3-9, 12-13<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Shadow Racing Cars|UOP Shadow Racing Team]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Shadow Racing Cars|Shadow]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Shadow DN3|DN3B]]&lt;br&gt;[[Shadow DN5|DN5]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 16<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Tom Pryce]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 17<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Jean-Pierre Jarier]]<br /> | 1-11, 14<br /> |-<br /> ! [[Shadow Racing Cars|Shadow]]-[[Matra]]<br /> | [[Shadow DN7|DN7]]<br /> | [[Matra]] MS75 3.0 [[V12 engine|V12]]<br /> | 12-13<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Surtees|Team Surtees]]&lt;br&gt;{{flagicon|GBR}} [[Surtees|National Organs Team Surtees]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Surtees]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Surtees TS16|TS16]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> |18<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[John Watson (racing driver)|John Watson]]<br /> | 1-10, 12<br /> |-<br /> | 19<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Dave Morgan (racing driver)|Dave Morgan]]<br /> | 10<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;11&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Frank Williams Racing Cars]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;11&quot;| [[Frank Williams Racing Cars|Williams]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;11&quot;| [[Williams FW|FW]]&lt;br&gt;[[Williams FW04|FW04]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;11&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;11&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> |rowspan=&quot;8&quot;| 20<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Arturo Merzario]]<br /> | 1-6<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Damien Magee]]<br /> | 7<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|RSA|1928}} [[Ian Scheckter]]<br /> | 8<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[François Migault]]<br /> | 9<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Ian Ashley]]<br /> | 11<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|CH}} [[Jo Vonlanthen]]<br /> | 12<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Renzo Zorzi]]<br /> | 13<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Lella Lombardi]]<br /> | 14<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| 21<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Jacques Laffite]]<br /> | 1-3, 5-6, 8-14<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Tony Brise]]<br /> | 4<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|RSA|1928}} [[Ian Scheckter]]<br /> | 7<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;9&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Embassy Hill|Embassy Racing with Graham Hill]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Lola Cars|Lola]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Lola T370|T370]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;9&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;9&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 22<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Graham Hill]]<br /> | 1-3<br /> |-<br /> | 23<br /> | {{flagicon|FRG}} [[Rolf Stommelen]]<br /> | 1-3<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=&quot;7&quot;| [[Embassy Hill|Hill]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;7&quot;| [[Hill GH1|GH1]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| 22<br /> | {{flagicon|FRG}} [[Rolf Stommelen]]<br /> | 4, 12-13<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[François Migault]]<br /> | 6<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Vern Schuppan]]<br /> | 7<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Alan Jones (racing driver)|Alan Jones]]<br /> | 8-11<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=3| 23<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[François Migault]]<br /> | 4<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Graham Hill]]<br /> | 5<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Tony Brise]]<br /> | 6-14<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;7&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Hesketh Racing]]&lt;br&gt;{{flagicon|GBR}} [[Hesketh Racing|Warsteiner Brewery]]&lt;br&gt;{{flagicon|GBR}} [[Hesketh Racing|Polar Caravans]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;7&quot;| [[Hesketh Racing|Hesketh]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;7&quot;| [[Hesketh 308|308]]&lt;br&gt;[[Hesketh 308B|308B]]&lt;br&gt;[[Hesketh 308C|308C]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;7&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;7&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 24<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[James Hunt]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=3| 25<br /> | {{flagicon|SWE}} [[Torsten Palm]]<br /> | 5<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|AUT}} [[Harald Ertl]]<br /> | 11 <br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|USA}} [[Brett Lunger]]<br /> | 12-14<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=2| 32<br /> | {{flagicon|SWE}} [[Torsten Palm]]<br /> | 7<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|AUT}} [[Harald Ertl]]<br /> | 12 <br /> |-<br /> | 34<br /> | {{flagicon|AUT}} [[Harald Ertl]]<br /> | 13 <br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} Custom Made Harry Stiller Racing<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Hesketh Racing|Hesketh]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Hesketh 308B|308B]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 25<br /> | {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Alan Jones (racing driver)|Alan Jones]]<br /> | 4<br /> |-<br /> | 26<br /> | {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Alan Jones (racing driver)|Alan Jones]]<br /> | 5-7<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|USA}} [[Vel's Parnelli Jones Racing]]<br /> ! [[Parnelli]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | [[Parnelli VPJ4|VPJ4]]<br /> | [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> | {{Firestone}}&lt;br&gt;{{Goodyear}}<br /> | 27<br /> | {{flagicon|USA}} [[Mario Andretti]]<br /> | 1-5, 7, 9-14<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Penske Racing|Penske Cars]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Penske Racing|Penske]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Penske PC1|PC1]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| 28<br /> | {{flagicon|USA}} [[Mark Donohue]]<br /> | 1-9<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[John Watson (racing driver)|John Watson]]<br /> | 14<br /> |-<br /> ! [[March Engineering|March]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | [[March 751|751]]<br /> | {{flagicon|USA}} [[Mark Donohue]]<br /> | 10-12<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Fittipaldi Automotive|Copersucar-Fittipaldi]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Fittipaldi Automotive|Fittipaldi]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Fittipaldi FD01|FD01]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 30<br /> | {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Wilson Fittipaldi Júnior|Wilson Fittipaldi]]<br /> | 1-12, 14<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Arturo Merzario]]<br /> | 13<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|RSA|1928}} [[Alex Blignaut|Lucky Strike Racing]]<br /> ! [[McLaren]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | [[McLaren M23|M23]]<br /> | [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> | {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 31<br /> | {{flagicon|RSA|1928}} [[Dave Charlton]]<br /> | 3<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;5&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Ensign Racing|HB Bewaking Team Ensign]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;5&quot;| [[Ensign Racing|Ensign]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;5&quot;| [[Ensign N174|N174]]&lt;br&gt;[[Ensign N175|N175]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;5&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;5&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> |rowspan=3| 31<br /> | {{flagicon|NED}} [[Roelof Wunderink]]<br /> | 4-5, 10, 13-14<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|NED}} [[Gijs van Lennep]]<br /> | 8-9, 11<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|NZL}} [[Chris Amon]]<br /> | 12 <br /> |-<br /> | 32<br /> | {{flagicon|NZL}} [[Chris Amon]]<br /> | 13 <br /> |-<br /> | 33<br /> | {{flagicon|NED}} [[Roelof Wunderink]]<br /> | 12<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|RSA|1928}} Lexington Racing<br /> ! [[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | [[Tyrrell 007|007]]<br /> | [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> | {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 32<br /> | {{flagicon|RSA|1928}} [[Ian Scheckter]]<br /> | 3<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} Pinch Plant (Ltd)<br /> ! [[Lyncar]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | [[Lyncar 006|006]]<br /> | [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> | {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 32<br /> | {{flagicon|NZL}} [[John Nicholson (racing driver)|John Nicholson]]<br /> | 10<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|RSA|1928}} Team Gunston<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Lotus 72|72D]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 33<br /> | {{flagicon|RSA|1928}} [[Eddie Keizan]]<br /> | 3<br /> |-<br /> | 34<br /> | {{flagicon|RSA|1928}} [[Guy Tunmer]]<br /> | 3<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Maki Engineering]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Maki Engineering|Maki]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Maki F101|F101B]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 35<br /> | {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Hiroshi Fushida]]<br /> | 8, 10<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Tony Trimmer]]<br /> | 11-13<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Race-by-Race==<br /> <br /> ===Race One: Argentina===<br /> The drivers went to Argentina to start the season, and it was [[Jean-Pierre Jarier]] in the [[Shadow Racing Cars|Shadow]] who took pole position with the [[Brabham]]s of [[Carlos Pace]] and [[Carlos Reutemann]] second and third on the grid. However, poleman Jarier could not even start the race because his transmission failed on the parade lap. Home hero Reutemann took the led from teammate Pace, with [[Niki Lauda]]'s [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]] third. <br /> <br /> Pace passed teammate Reutemann to take the lead but then spun off and dropped to seventh. [[James Hunt]] in his [[Hesketh Racing|Hesketh]] soon overtook Lauda and then Reutemann, much to the chagrin of the crowd. By then, reigning world champion [[Emerson Fittipaldi]] in his [[McLaren]] was past Lauda and up to third, and soon took Reutemann for second as well. Fittipaldi closed in on Hunt and took the lead with 18 laps left. Pace recovered to fourth after his spin, but it was to no avail as his engine blew up. Fittipaldi started his title defence with a win, Hunt was a superb second, and Reutemann third in front of his home crowd.<br /> <br /> ===Race Two: Brazil===<br /> The second round was in Brazil, and Jarier took pole position again with Fittipaldi alongside and Reutemann third. Reutemann, just like in Argentina, took the lead at the start from Jarier and Pace was up to third, whereas home driver Fittipaldi dropped to seventh. Jarier retook the lead from Reutemann on lap 5 and then pulled away. Reutemann struggled with handling issues and dropped well down the order then, with Pace up to second, [[Clay Regazzoni]]'s [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]] third and Fittipaldi recovering to fourth. Jarier's engine stopped with seven laps left and Pace took the lead. Regazzoni was up to second but dropped behind Fittipaldi and [[Jochen Mass]] in the second [[McLaren]] as he too suffered handling issues. Pace took a home victory, with countryman Fittipaldi second and Mass third.<br /> <br /> ===Race Three: South Africa===<br /> A month after the Brazilian race, the field went to South Africa and Pace followed up his win with pole, with Reutemann alongside as Braham locked out the front row, and home hero [[Jody Scheckter]] was third in the [[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell]]. Pace led at the start, with Scheckter second, and [[Ronnie Peterson]] in his [[Team Lotus|Lotus]] jumped up from eighth to take third. However, the Swede did not have the pace of the front runners and dropped back down the order. Scheckter took the lead from Pace on the third lap, to the delight to the fans. Pace kept second until he struggled with tyres and was passed by Reutemann and the second Tyrrell of [[Patrick Depailler]]. Scheckter took an emotional home victory, with Reutemann and Depailler completing the podium.<br /> <br /> ===Race Four: Spain===<br /> Nearly two months after the third round, the European season began in Spain. The Grand Prix Drivers Association was not happy with the state of the barriers, which were not bolted properly, and the drivers threatened not to take part. Mechanics from the teams went around the entire circuit to attempt to repair/fasten down the barriers. After work was done on the circuit, the drivers agreed that the circuit was still not safe enough. Reigning world champion and championship leader Emerson Fittipaldi had no intention to race because of the condition of the barriers, and went home on Sunday morning. The organisers of the event then locked the cars and motorhomes inside the circuit confines for breach of contract and threatened to keep them there. This being incompatible with the timeschedule for the next race at Monaco, the teams decided to cater for the organisers wishes and raced anyway.<br /> <br /> The rest of the drivers were there for qualifying, and Ferrari took the front row, with Lauda on pole from Regazzoni, and Hunt third in the Hesketh. There was chaos at the start when [[Mario Andretti]] in his [[Parnelli]] tapped the car of polesitter Lauda, sending it into the sister car of Regazzoni and knocking both Ferraris out of contention. Hunt gratefully took the lead, and Andretti, whose car was undamaged was second. Hunt led until he crashed after spinning on oil on the track, leaving Andretti leading from [[John Watson (racing driver)|John Watson]] in the [[Surtees]] and [[Rolf Stommelen]]'s [[Embassy Hill|Hill]]. Watson then had to pit with a vibration and the leader Andretti retired after a suspension failure sent him into the guardrail. This promoted Pace to second and Peterson to third, but the Swede retired after colliding with backmarker [[François Migault]] while lapping him.<br /> <br /> On lap 26, Stommelen's rear wing broke, and the car bounced into the barriers and flew back onto the road, hitting the barrier on the other side but the momentum of the car was enough for it to fly over the barrier where spectators were watching. The car hit some of them, and five spectators were killed, and Stommelen and other spectators were injured. Pace also crashed while trying to avoid the Hill as it bounced back off the road. The race went on for the moment, with [[Jochen Mass]] passing [[Jacky Ickx]]'s [[Team Lotus|Lotus]] to lead. The organizers stopped the race on lap 30 due to the debris on the track caused my Stommelen's crash. Mass was declared the winner, with Ickx second and Reutemann third. Only half points were awarded as the race was stopped before it had run 75% of its full course.<br /> <br /> ===Race Five: Monaco===<br /> After the chaotic Spanish GP, the race at the streets of Monaco was next. Lauda took pole ahead of the Shadow of [[Tom Pryce]], with Pryce's teammate Jarier third. Rain before the race meant that the it was started on a damp track. Lauda took off into the lead and Jarier climbed up to second but crashed on the first lap. Peterson was up to second, and Pryce was third. Pryce spun off after 20 laps, giving third to Scheckter. The field soon pitted for dry weather tyres and this shuffled up the order, with Scheckter dropping back after pitting too late. Fittipaldi was up to second behind Lauda, and Pace jumped up to third. That is how it stayed, with Lauda winning, Fittipaldi second and Pace third.<br /> <br /> ===Race Six: Belgium===<br /> The next race took place in Belgium, and Lauda was on pole with Pace with him on the front row, and [[Vittorio Brambilla]] in the [[March Engineering|March]] a surprising third. It was Pace who got the better of Lauda at the start, to lead into the first corner. Pace was leading from Lauda and Brambilla at the end of the first lap, but Brambilla was on the move, and shocked everyone by overtaking both the front-row starters to lead. But this spurred Lauda into action, and after almost immediately passing Pace, he took the lead from Brambilla on the sixth lap. Scheckter was also on the move and was up to second, after passing Brambilla on lap 9. Brambilla held third until he was forced to pit with tyre troubles. Lauda won, becoming the first driver to take two wins this season, with Scheckter second and Reutemann third.<br /> <br /> ===Race Seven: Sweden===<br /> In Sweden, it was Brambilla who took his first career pole, with Depailler second and Jarier third on the grid. The order was unchanged at the start, with Brambilla leading but Reutemann was up to third after three laps. Brambilla continued to lead, whereas second-placed Depailler dropped out of contention with brake problems. Reutemann was up to second, and now took the lead from Brambilla. Brambilla had to pit for new tyres almost immediately. Jarier ran second now, but his engine blew up and this gave the position to Pace until he spun off and retired. Lauda was now second, and towards the end of the race Reutemann began to suffer from oversteer, allowing Lauda to take the lead with 10 laps left. Lauda went on to win, with Reutemann and Regazzoni completing the podium.<br /> <br /> ===Race Eight: Holland===<br /> The first race in the second half of the season took place in Holland, and pole went to Lauda as usual, with teammate Regazzoni alongside, and Hunt's Hesketh third. The race started on a damp track and Lauda took the lead, with Scheckter up to second ahead of Regazzoni. The order was unchanged until the drivers had to pit for dry tyres. Hunt and Jarier pitted early, and their gamble paid off as they were first and second, with Lauda, Scheckter and Regazzoni third, fourth and fifth respectively. Lauda passed Jarier for second midway through the race, and started closing on Hunt. Jarier almost immediately retired with a tyre failure, and Scheckter who inherited third had his engine blow up with just 12 laps left. Hunt held off Lauda to take his first career win, with Regazzoni completing the podium.<br /> <br /> ===Race Nine: France===<br /> France was host to the 9th round of the season, and it was Lauda on pole ahead of Scheckter and Hunt. The top three maintained their starting positions into the first corner. In the early laps, Regazzoni was on a charge, and got up to second on the sixth lap but his engine blew up and he had to retire. Scheckter soon faded away, giving Hunt second. That was how it ended, with Lauda winning to take a large championship lead, Hunt finishing second and Mass third.<br /> <br /> ===Race Ten: Great Britain===<br /> The tenth round was held in Great Britain, and [[Tom Pryce]] took a home pole position, with Pace second and championship leader Lauda third. Pace beat Pryce into the first corner, with Regazzoni third ahead of Lauda. After 10 laps, Regazzoni passed Pryce for second, and soon both of them passed Pace. It soon began to rain, and Regazzoni was pulling away until he spun off, hit a barrier and damaged his rear wing. He rejoined two laps down. Pryce now led, but he crashed out as well, two laps later. Scheckter had meanwhile passed both Lauda and Pace, and he was now leading.<br /> <br /> Scheckter pitted for wet tyres from the lead, and most drivers followed suit. Hunt (after passing Pace) was the leader from Pace and [[Emerson Fittipaldi]] as they had not pitted for dries. Scheckter and Jarier both caught and passed the trio, but the track was drying out, and both had to pit for dries soon after. Hunt began to lose power in his engine, and was passed by Fittipaldi, and then Pace, and even a recovering Scheckter. On lap 56 out of 70, the rain fell again, in a massive shower with the whole field on dries. Nearly all the drivers spun off and crashed, and race was stopped. Only 6 drivers were left (notably Fittipaldi). The race was stopped, and the results were declared on the lap before the storm struck. Fittipaldi was the winner, and Pace and Scheckter, despite crashing out, were given second and third.<br /> <br /> The result meant that Fittipaldi closed within 14 points of Lauda with five races left.<br /> <br /> ===Race Eleven: West Germany===<br /> The drivers had to go to West Germany, in the legendary Nordschleife track, for round 11, and as usual Lauda was on pole, and it was Pace also on the front row, and Scheckter third. At the start, Lauda led from Pace, with Depailler getting third from his teammate Scheckter. Depailler was past Pace early on, but by midway through the race, both drivers were out of contention, Pace retiring with a puncture, and Depailler having to pit after a suspension failure. Lauda continued to lead with Regazzoni up to second, until the latter's engine failed. Lauda then suffered a puncture and had to pit, leaving Reutemann to lead from Hunt and Pryce. Hunt was next to retire, with a wheel hub failure, Pryce took second, but only briefly as he had to back off towards the end with fuel-feed troubles. At the front, Reutemann took his first win of the season, with [[Jacques Laffite]]'s [[Frank Williams Racing Cars|Williams]] second, and Lauda recovering to third.<br /> <br /> ===Race Twelve: Austria===<br /> The Austrian GP had a very large attendance, as Lauda had a chance of getting close to the championship at his home race. Lauda did not disappoint them, as he took pole position, with Hunt second and Fittipaldi third. His chief rival, Reutemann, was only 11th. On one of the warm-up laps, [[Mark Donohue]]'s [[March Engineering|March]] slid off the track after a tyre failure, and hit two marshals. Donohue died two days later, and one of the marshals also died.<br /> <br /> It began to rain just before the race started, but it did not deter Lauda, who led from Hunt and Depailler. Depailler soon dropped back, and it was [[Vittorio Brambilla]] who was up to third. Lauda also began to struggle as the rain became hevier, and Hunt took the lead and Brambilla second on lap 15. Brambilla went to take the lead from Hunt four laps later when they were lapping a backmarker, whereas Pryce passed Lauda for third. Conditions became so bad that the organizers showed the chequered flag early, with Brambilla the winner (he spun off on the slowing down lap and crashed, and drove around to the pits waving to the fans with a badly damaged car), Hunt second and Pryce completing the podium. Only half points were given, as the race was stopped early, just like in Spain.<br /> <br /> ===Race Thirteen: Italy===<br /> The penultimate round was in Italy, and after the cancellation of the Canadian GP, Lauda needed only half a point to be the 1975 world champion. The Ferrari fans were very happy as their team locked out the front row, with Lauda on pole from Regazzoni, and Fittipaldi third. Regazzoni took the lead at the start, with Lauda and Mass following. Soon Reutemann was up to third, but he needed to win to keep any faint hopes alive. However, he was passed by Fittipaldi, and towards the end, Lauda backed off and let Fittipaldi through. It was Regazzoni who won the race, with Fittipaldi second, and Lauda's third was enough to seal the championship.<br /> <br /> ===Race Fourteen: United States===<br /> The final round took place in the US, and it was no surprise that new World Champion Lauda took pole again, with Fittipaldi alongside and Reutemann third. Lauda led into the first corner from Fittipaldi, and it was Jarier in third. Lauda and Fittipaldi drove away from the rest of the field, whereas Jarier retired with a wheel failure one-third into the race. This left Hunt in third, but Mass had other ideas and took the place midway through the race. Lauda went on to win, his fifth of the season, as he signed off in style, with Fittipaldi close behind in second, and Mass also on the podium.<br /> <br /> ==Season review==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 85%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Rnd<br /> ! Race<br /> ! Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Pole Position<br /> ! Fastest Lap<br /> ! Race Winner<br /> ! Constructor<br /> ! Report<br /> |-<br /> ! 1<br /> | {{flagicon|Argentina}} [[Argentine Grand Prix]]<br /> | January 12<br /> | [[Autódromo Oscar Alfredo Gálvez|Buenos Aires]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Jean-Pierre Jarier]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[James Hunt]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Emerson Fittipaldi]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[McLaren]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | [[1975 Argentine Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 2<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Brazilian Grand Prix]]<br /> | January 26<br /> | [[Autódromo José Carlos Pace|Interlagos]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Jean-Pierre Jarier]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Jean-Pierre Jarier]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[José Carlos Pace|Carlos Pace]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Brabham]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | [[1975 Brazilian Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 3<br /> | {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[South African Grand Prix]]<br /> | March 1<br /> | [[Kyalami]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[José Carlos Pace|Carlos Pace]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[José Carlos Pace|Carlos Pace]]<br /> | {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[Jody Scheckter]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | [[1975 South African Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 4<br /> | {{flagicon|Spain|1945}} [[Spanish Grand Prix]]<br /> | April 27<br /> | [[Montjuïc circuit|Montjuïc]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Niki Lauda]]<br /> | {{flagicon|USA}} [[Mario Andretti]]<br /> | {{flagicon|West Germany}} [[Jochen Mass]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[McLaren]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | [[1975 Spanish Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 5<br /> | {{flagicon|Monaco}} [[Monaco Grand Prix]]<br /> | May 11<br /> | [[Circuit de Monaco|Monaco]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Niki Lauda]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Patrick Depailler]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Niki Lauda]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> | [[1975 Monaco Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 6<br /> | {{flagicon|Belgium}} [[Belgian Grand Prix]]<br /> | May 25<br /> | [[Zolder]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Niki Lauda]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Switzerland}} [[Clay Regazzoni]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Niki Lauda]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> | [[1975 Belgian Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 7<br /> | {{flagicon|Sweden}} [[Swedish Grand Prix]]<br /> | June 8<br /> | [[Scandinavian Raceway|Anderstorp]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Vittorio Brambilla]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Niki Lauda]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Niki Lauda]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> | [[1975 Swedish Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 8<br /> | {{flagicon|Netherlands}} [[Dutch Grand Prix]]<br /> | June 22<br /> | [[Circuit Zandvoort|Zandvoort]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Niki Lauda]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Niki Lauda]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[James Hunt]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Hesketh Racing|Hesketh]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | [[1975 Dutch Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 9<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[French Grand Prix]]<br /> | July 6<br /> | [[Paul Ricard Circuit|Paul Ricard]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Niki Lauda]]<br /> | {{flagicon|West Germany}} [[Jochen Mass]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Niki Lauda]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> | [[1975 French Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 10<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[British Grand Prix]]<br /> | July 19<br /> | [[Silverstone Circuit|Silverstone]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Tom Pryce]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Switzerland}} [[Clay Regazzoni]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Emerson Fittipaldi]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[McLaren]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | [[1975 British Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 11<br /> | {{flagicon|West Germany}} [[German Grand Prix]]<br /> | August 3<br /> | [[Nürburgring]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Niki Lauda]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Switzerland}} [[Clay Regazzoni]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Argentina}} [[Carlos Reutemann]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Brabham]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | [[1975 German Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 12<br /> | {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Austrian Grand Prix]]<br /> | August 17<br /> | [[Österreichring]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Niki Lauda]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Vittorio Brambilla]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Vittorio Brambilla]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[March Engineering|March]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | [[1975 Austrian Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 13<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Italian Grand Prix]]<br /> | September 7<br /> | [[Autodromo Nazionale Monza|Monza]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Niki Lauda]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Switzerland}} [[Clay Regazzoni]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Switzerland}} [[Clay Regazzoni]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> | [[1975 Italian Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 14<br /> | {{flagicon|United States}} [[United States Grand Prix]]<br /> | October 5<br /> | [[Watkins Glen International|Watkins Glen]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Niki Lauda]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Emerson Fittipaldi]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Niki Lauda]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> | [[1975 United States Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==1975 World Championship of F1 Drivers - final standings==<br /> {|<br /> |- valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> |<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 85%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |- valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Pos<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Driver<br /> ! [[1975 Argentine Grand Prix|ARG]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Argentina}}<br /> ! [[1975 Brazilian Grand Prix|BRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Brazil}}<br /> ! [[1975 South African Grand Prix|RSA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|South Africa|1928}}<br /> ! [[1975 Spanish Grand Prix|ESP]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Spain|1945}}<br /> ! [[1975 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Monaco}}<br /> ! [[1975 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Belgium}}<br /> ! [[1975 Swedish Grand Prix|SWE]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Sweden}}<br /> ! [[1975 Dutch Grand Prix|NED]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Netherlands}}<br /> ! [[1975 French Grand Prix|FRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|France}}<br /> ! [[1975 British Grand Prix|GBR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|UK}}<br /> ! [[1975 German Grand Prix|GER]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|West Germany}}<br /> ! [[1975 Austrian Grand Prix|AUT]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Austria}}<br /> ! [[1975 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Italy}}<br /> ! [[1975 United States Grand Prix|USA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|United States}}<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Pts<br /> |-<br /> ! 1<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Niki Lauda]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| ''1''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''''2'''''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''6'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''64.5'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 2<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Emerson Fittipaldi]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffff&quot;| DNS<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| ''2''<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''45'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 3<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Argentina}} [[Carlos Reutemann]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''37'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 4<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[James Hunt]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| ''2''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''33'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 5<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Switzerland}} [[Clay Regazzoni]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 16<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| ''5''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| ''13''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| ''Ret''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| ''1''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''25'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 6<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[José Carlos Pace|Carlos Pace]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''''4'''''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''24'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 7<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[Jody Scheckter]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 16<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''20'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 8<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|West Germany}} [[Jochen Mass]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| ''3''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''20'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 9<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[Patrick Depailler]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| ''5''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffff&quot;| DNS<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''12'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 10<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Tom Pryce]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''8'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 11<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Vittorio Brambilla]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| ''1''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''6.5'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 12<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[Jacques Laffite]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''6'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 13<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Sweden}} [[Ronnie Peterson]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 15<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 15<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''6'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 14<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Mario Andretti]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 17<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| ''Ret''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''5'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 15<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Mark Donohue]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffff&quot;| DNS<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''4'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 16<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Belgium}} [[Jacky Ickx]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 15<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 17<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Australia}} [[Alan Jones (racing driver)|Alan Jones]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 16<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 18<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[Jean-Pierre Jarier]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffff&quot;| '''DNS'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''''Ret'''''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''1.5'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 19<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Tony Brise]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 15<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 15<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 20<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Netherlands}} [[Gijs van Lennep]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 15<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 21<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Lella Lombardi]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 18<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 17<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffff&quot;| DNS <br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0.5'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|West Germany}} [[Rolf Stommelen]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 16<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[John Watson (racing driver)|John Watson]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#000000&quot; style=&quot;color: white&quot;| DSQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 16<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Harald Ertl]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|West Germany}} [[Hans-Joachim Stuck]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Bob Evans (race driver)|Bob Evans]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 15<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 17<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Wilson Fittipaldi]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 17<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 19<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Graham Hill]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Brett Lunger]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Sweden}} [[Torsten Palm]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |<br /> |<br /> | <br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Arturo Merzario]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[Guy Tunmer]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|New Zealand}} [[Chris Amon]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[Ian Scheckter]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[Jean-Pierre Jabouille]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Jim Crawford (driver)|Jim Crawford]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[Eddie Keizan]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[Dave Charlton]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Damien Magee]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Renzo Zorzi]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Brian Henton]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 16<br /> |<br /> | DNS<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|New Zealand}} [[John Nicholson (racing driver)|John Nicholson]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 17<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Dave Morgan (racing driver)|Dave Morgan]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 18<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Netherlands}} [[Roelof Wunderink]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[François Migault]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffff&quot;| DNS<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Mike Wilds]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Australia}} [[Vern Schuppan]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Ian Ashley]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffff&quot;| DNS<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Switzerland}} [[Jo Vonlanthen]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[Michel Leclère]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Japan}} [[Hiroshi Fushida]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |DNS<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Tony Trimmer]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> |- valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Pos<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Driver<br /> ! [[1975 Argentine Grand Prix|ARG]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Argentina}}<br /> ! [[1975 Brazilian Grand Prix|BRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Brazil}}<br /> ! [[1975 South African Grand Prix|RSA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|South Africa|1928}}<br /> ! [[1975 Spanish Grand Prix|ESP]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Spain|1945}}<br /> ! [[1975 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Monaco}}<br /> ! [[1975 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Belgium}}<br /> ! [[1975 Swedish Grand Prix|SWE]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Sweden}}<br /> ! [[1975 Dutch Grand Prix|NED]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Netherlands}}<br /> ! [[1975 French Grand Prix|FRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|France}}<br /> ! [[1975 British Grand Prix|GBR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|UK}}<br /> ! [[1975 German Grand Prix|GER]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|West Germany}}<br /> ! [[1975 Austrian Grand Prix|AUT]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Austria}}<br /> ! [[1975 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Italy}}<br /> ! [[1975 United States Grand Prix|USA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|United States}}<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Pts<br /> |}<br /> |valign=&quot;top&quot;|<br /> {{F1 driver results legend 2}}<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==1975 International Cup for F1 Manufacturers - final standings==<br /> [[File:Ferrari 312T 1975.jpg|thumb|Ferrari won the 1975 International Cup for F1 Manufacturers with the 312B3 and the 312T (pictured)]]<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 85%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |- valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;|Pos<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;|Constructor<br /> ! [[1975 Argentine Grand Prix|ARG]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Argentina}}<br /> ! [[1975 Brazilian Grand Prix|BRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Brazil}}<br /> ! [[1975 South African Grand Prix|RSA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|South Africa|1928}}<br /> ! [[1975 Spanish Grand Prix|ESP]]‡&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Spain|1945}}<br /> ! [[1975 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Monaco}}<br /> ! [[1975 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Belgium}}<br /> ! [[1975 Swedish Grand Prix|SWE]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Sweden}}<br /> ! [[1975 Dutch Grand Prix|NED]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Netherlands}}<br /> ! [[1975 French Grand Prix|FRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|France}}<br /> ! [[1975 British Grand Prix|GBR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|UK}}<br /> ! [[1975 German Grand Prix|GER]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|West Germany}}<br /> ! [[1975 Austrian Grand Prix|AUT]]‡&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Austria}}<br /> ! [[1975 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Italy}}<br /> ! [[1975 United States Grand Prix|USA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|United States}}<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;|Pts&lt;ref name=&quot;points&quot;&gt;Only the best 6 results from the first 7 races and the best 6 results from the last 7 races counted towards the Championship. Numbers without parentheses are Championship points; numbers in parentheses are total points scored.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> ! 1<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''4'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''4'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''5'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''6'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''72.5'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 2<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Brabham]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''4'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''4'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''54 (56)'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 3<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[McLaren]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''6'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''4'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''53'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 4<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Hesketh Racing|Hesketh]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''6'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''4'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''5'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''4'''<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''33'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 5<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''5'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''5'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''6'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''6'''<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''25'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 6<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Shadow Racing Cars|Shadow]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''4'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''6'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''6'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''4'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''6'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''9.5'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 7<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''4'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 15<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 16<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''5'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''5'''<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''9'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 8<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[March Engineering|March]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''5'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 18<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''5'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''7.5'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 9<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Frank Williams Racing Cars|Williams]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffff&quot;| DNS<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''6'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 10<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Parnelli]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 17<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''4'''<br /> | <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''5'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''5'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 11<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Hill (constructor)|Hill]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''6'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''5'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 15<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 12<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Penske Racing|Penske]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''5'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 13<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Ensign (racing team)|Ensign]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> | WD<br /> | WD<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 15<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''6'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Surtees]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#000000&quot; style=&quot;color: white&quot;| DSQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 16<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> | <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> | <br /> | <br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[British Racing Motors|BRM]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 15<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 17<br /> | WD<br /> | WD<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | <br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Fittipaldi Automotive|Fittipaldi]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffff&quot;| DNS<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 17<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 19<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffff&quot;| DNS<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Lola Racing Cars|Lola]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> | <br /> | WD<br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Lyncar]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 17<br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Shadow Racing Cars|Shadow]]-[[Matra]]<br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Maki Engineering|Maki]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffff&quot;| DNS<br /> | <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> | <br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |- valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;|Pos<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;|Constructor<br /> ! [[1975 Argentine Grand Prix|ARG]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Argentina}}<br /> ! [[1975 Brazilian Grand Prix|BRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Brazil}}<br /> ! [[1975 South African Grand Prix|RSA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|South Africa|1928}}<br /> ! [[1975 Spanish Grand Prix|ESP]]‡&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Spain|1945}}<br /> ! [[1975 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Monaco}}<br /> ! [[1975 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Belgium}}<br /> ! [[1975 Swedish Grand Prix|SWE]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Sweden}}<br /> ! [[1975 Dutch Grand Prix|NED]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Netherlands}}<br /> ! [[1975 French Grand Prix|FRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|France}}<br /> ! [[1975 British Grand Prix|GBR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|UK}}<br /> ! [[1975 German Grand Prix|GER]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|West Germany}}<br /> ! [[1975 Austrian Grand Prix|AUT]]‡&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Austria}}<br /> ! [[1975 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Italy}}<br /> ! [[1975 United States Grand Prix|USA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|United States}}<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;|Pts<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> * '''Bold''' results counted to championship.<br /> * ‡ Half points awarded.<br /> <br /> ==Non-Championship race results==<br /> Other Formula One races were also held in 1975, which did not count towards the World Championship. <br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:95%&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Race Name<br /> ! Circuit<br /> ! Date<br /> ! Winning driver<br /> ! Constructor<br /> ! Report<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} X [[Race of Champions (Brands Hatch)|Race of Champions]]<br /> | [[Brands Hatch]]<br /> | March 16<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Tom Pryce]]<br /> | {{flagicon|USA}} [[Shadow Racing Cars|Shadow]]-[[Cosworth]]<br /> | [[1975 Race of Champions|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} XXVII [[BRDC International Trophy]]<br /> | [[Silverstone Circuit|Silverstone]]<br /> | April 13<br /> | {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Niki Lauda]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> | [[1975 BRDC International Trophy|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} XV [[Swiss Grand Prix]]<br /> | [[Dijon-Prenois]]<br /> | August 24<br /> | {{flagicon|Switzerland}} [[Clay Regazzoni]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> | [[1975 Swiss Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===South African Formula One Championship===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:95%&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Race Name<br /> ! Circuit<br /> ! Date<br /> ! Winning driver<br /> ! Constructor<br /> ! Report<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[Cape South Easter Trophy]]<br /> | [[Killarney Circuit|Killarney]]<br /> | February 8<br /> | {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[Dave Charlton]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[McLaren]]-[[Cosworth]]<br /> | [[1975 Cape South Easter Trophy|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[Goldfields 100]]<br /> | [[Goldfields Circuit|Goldfields]]<br /> | March 22<br /> | {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[Ian Scheckter]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell]]-[[Cosworth]]<br /> | [[1975 Goldfields 100|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[Natal Mercury 100]]<br /> | [[Roy Hesketh]]<br /> | March 29<br /> | {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[Ian Scheckter]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell]]-[[Cosworth]]<br /> | [[1975 Natal Mercury 100|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[Brandkop Winter Trophy]]<br /> | [[Brandkop]]<br /> | May 3<br /> | {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[Ian Scheckter]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell]]-[[Cosworth]]<br /> | [[1975 Brandkop Winter Trophy|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[South African Republic Trophy]]<br /> | [[Kyalami]]<br /> | May 31<br /> | {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[Ian Scheckter]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell]]-[[Cosworth]]<br /> | [[1975 South African Republic Trophy|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[False Bay 100]]<br /> | [[Killarney Circuit|Killarney]]<br /> | July 5<br /> | {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[Guy Tunmer]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[Cosworth]]<br /> | [[1975 False Bay 100|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[Rand Winter Trophy]]<br /> | [[Kyalami]]<br /> | July 26<br /> | {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[Ian Scheckter]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell]]-[[Cosworth]]<br /> | [[1975 Rand Winter Trophy|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[Natal Spring Trophy]]<br /> | [[Roy Hesketh]]<br /> | September 1<br /> | {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[Dave Charlton]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[McLaren]]-[[Cosworth]]<br /> | [[1975 Natal Spring Trophy|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[Rand Spring Trophy]]<br /> | [[Kyalami]]<br /> | October 4<br /> | {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[Ian Scheckter]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell]]-[[Cosworth]]<br /> | [[1975 Rand Spring Trophy|Report]]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Notes==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> &lt;br&gt;<br /> {{Formula One Championship}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Formula One seasons]]<br /> [[Category:1975 in Formula One| ]]<br /> <br /> [[ar:بطولة العالم لسباقات الفورمولا واحد موسم 1975]]<br /> [[bg:Световен шампионат на Формула 1 (1975)]]<br /> [[ca:Temporada 1975 de Fórmula 1]]<br /> [[cs:Formule 1 v roce 1975]]<br /> [[de:Formel-1-Saison 1975]]<br /> [[es:Anexo:Temporada 1975 de Fórmula 1]]<br /> [[eu:1975eko 1 Formulako denboraldia]]<br /> [[fa:مسابقات فرمول یک فصل ۱۹۷۵]]<br /> [[fr:Championnat du monde de Formule 1 1975]]<br /> [[gl:Campionato Mundial de Fórmula 1 de 1975]]<br /> [[id:Formula Satu musim 1975]]<br /> [[it:Campionato mondiale di Formula 1 1975]]<br /> [[hu:1975-ös Formula–1 világbajnokság]]<br /> [[mr:१९७५ फॉर्म्युला वन हंगाम]]<br /> [[mzn:فصل ۱۹۷۵ فرمول یک مسابقات]]<br /> [[nl:Formule 1 in 1975]]<br /> [[ja:1975年のF1世界選手権]]<br /> [[no:Formel 1-sesongen 1975]]<br /> [[pl:Formuła 1 Sezon 1975]]<br /> [[pt:Temporada de Fórmula 1 de 1975]]<br /> [[ru:Формула-1 в сезоне 1975]]<br /> [[simple:1975 Formula One season]]<br /> [[sl:Formula 1 sezona 1975]]<br /> [[fi:Formula 1 -kausi 1975]]<br /> [[sv:Formel 1-VM 1975]]</div> Tulumino https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1974_Formula_One_season&diff=537416913 1974 Formula One season 2013-02-09T18:27:00Z <p>Tulumino: /* 1974 World Championship of F1 Drivers - final standings */ qualified with Ensign</p> <hr /> <div>{{F1 season | year = 1974}}<br /> [[File:Emerson Fittipaldi McLaren M23 1974 Britain.jpg|thumb|[[Emerson Fittipaldi]] (McLaren M23 [[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]) won the 1974 World Championship of F1 Drivers]]<br /> The '''1974 Formula One season''' was the 25th season of [[Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile|FIA]] [[Formula One]] motor racing. It featured the 1974 World Championship of F1 Drivers &lt;ref name=FIA&gt;Results of 1974 FIA International Championships, 1975 FIA Yearbook, Grey section, pages 88-89&lt;/ref&gt; and the 1974 International Cup for F1 Manufacturers,&lt;ref name=FIA/&gt; contested concurrently over a fifteen race series which commenced on 13 January and ended on 6 October. The season also included three non-championship races.<br /> <br /> [[Emerson Fittipaldi]] and [[Clay Regazzoni]] went into the last race of the World Championship level on points, but Regazzoni dropped down the field with handling problems, so Fittipaldi's fourth place gave him the championship. Fittipaldi, [[Ronnie Peterson]] and [[Carlos Reutemann]] each won three races, [[Jody Scheckter]] and [[Niki Lauda]] two each, Regazzoni and [[Denny Hulme]], who retired at the end of the season, one each. [[Graham Hill]] ran a new team of Lolas, the larger-than-life [[Hesketh Racing|Hesketh]] team entered its own car after running [[James Hunt]] in a March, and Americans [[Roger Penske]] and [[Parnelli Jones]] entered their own cars late in the season. [[Chris Amon]]'s own car, like the Token and the Trojan, was not a success. Two F1 drivers died over the course of the season, [[Peter Revson]] in a practice session accident at the South African GP in March, then Austrian newcomer [[Helmuth Koinigg]] at the US GP in October.<br /> <br /> The 1974 season was the first in which drivers had permanent racing numbers from race to race, after the system had been instituted in the middle of the previous season.<br /> <br /> ==World Championship - Race-by-Race==<br /> ===Race One: Argentina===<br /> In qualifying for the opening round in Argentina, [[Ronnie Peterson]] took pole in his [[Team Lotus|Lotus]] ahead of [[Clay Regazzoni]]'s [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]] and [[Emerson Fittipaldi]]'s [[Team McLaren|McLaren]]. Peterson led at the start, whereas fellow front-row starter Regazzoni spun, causing chaos. Fittipaldi was hit by teammate [[Mike Hailwood]] and lost two laps while repairing his car, and [[James Hunt]] inhereited second whereas [[Peter Revson]], who started fourth, retired in the chaos. Hunt spun before the first lap was over, and second place went to [[Carlos Reutemann]]'s [[Brabham]].<br /> <br /> Reutemann passed Peterson on the third lap, and soon the Swede began to fade badly with brake problems. As a result, [[Mike Hailwood]] and [[Denny Hulme]] in their [[Team McLaren|McLaren]]s were second and third, ahead of [[Jacky Ickx]] and [[Niki Lauda]] in the second Lotus and Ferrari. Hulme, Ickx and Lauda all passed Hailwood and then Ickx suffered a puncture mid-race and had to pit. Regazzoni was recovering from his spin, and passed Hailwood soon after. Reutemann continued to lead until his engine bgan to misfire, with Hulme closing in and taking the lead on the penultimate lap. Hulme went on to win, with Lauda and Regazzoni completing the podium after Reutemann ran out of fuel on the last lap.<br /> <br /> ===Race Two: Brazil===<br /> Fittipaldi took a popular home pole in Brazil, beating Reutemann and Lauda. Reutemann, eager to make up after his bad luck in Argentina, took the lead at the start, with Peterson up to second. Reutemann led early on, but was passed by both Peterson and Fittipaldi on lap 4. Peterson battled with former Lotus teammate Fittipaldi for the next 12 laps, until he suffered a slow puncture. Fittipaldi passed him and took the lead, whereas Peterson dropped backwards. Fittipaldi went on to take a home victory, with Regazzoni getting second and Ickx third.<br /> <br /> ===Race Three: South Africa===<br /> The field went to South Africa after a two-month break. Lauda took pole position, with [[Carlos Pace]]'s [[Surtees]] also on the front row. [[Arturo Merzario]] in the [[Frank Williams Racing Cars|Iso-Marlboro]] team was an amazing third on the grid. At the start, Lauda took the lead, whereas surprise packages Pace and Merzario were soon swamped by the field. Reutemann was up to second, and he took the lead from Lauda on the tenth lap, and he would remain ahead for the rest of the afternoon. Regazzoni was third ahead of Fittipaldi and Hailwood, but soon [[Jean-Pierre Beltoise]]'s [[BRM]] soon passed the two McLarens, as Fittipaldi began to drop back. Lauda and Regazzoni both retired very late in the race when their engines blew up, and thus Beltoise and Hailwood completed the podium behind Reutemann.<br /> <br /> ===Race Four: Spain===<br /> The first European round of the championship was in Spain, and it was Lauda who took pole ahead of Peterson and Regazzoni. On race day, the track was wet but drying, and Peterson was able to beat Lauda off the line. Regazzoni and Ickx followed. The Lotuses and the Ferraris battled until Peterson's engine failed and Ickx lost a wheel which was not fastened properly after the stop for slicks. This left Lauda to take his first career win, and Regazzoni to complete a Ferrari 1-2, with Fittipaldi third.<br /> <br /> ===Race Five: Belgium===<br /> The next race was in Belgium, and Regazzoni continued Ferrari's streak of poles, and [[Jody Scheckter]]'s [[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell]] taking second with Lauda third. Regazzoni led in the early stages, with Fittipaldi climbing up to second in the first lap. Later, Lauda passed Scheckter for third, and this became second when Regazzoni went to the grass after an incident with a backmarker. Fittipaldi thus won the race, from Lauda, with Scheckter third after Regazzoni suffered fuel feed problems on the last lap.<br /> <br /> ===Race Six: Monaco===<br /> In the streets of Monaco, Lauda and Regazzoni took the front row for Ferrari, with Peterson's Lotus behind them in third. The Ferraris motored away, with Regazzoni leading after beating his teammate off the line, with Peterson down in sixth. Regazzoni led until he made a mistake and spun off, rejoining fifth. Lauda was now leading [[Jean-Pierre Jarier]]'s [[Shadow Racing Cars|Shadow]], Peterson and Scheckter. Peterson disposed of Jarier, and took the lead when Lauda's engine blew up. Peterson went on to win, with Scheckter taking second from Jarier.<br /> <br /> ===Race Seven: Sweden===<br /> The Tyrrells were dominant in qualifying, with [[Patrick Depailler]] taking the pole from [[Jody Scheckter]], with the Ferraris of Lauda and Regazzoni on the second row. Scheckter passed his teammate to take the lead at the start, with Peterson gaining three places to jump up to second. It was all to no avail, because he retired in the opening laps with a driveshaft failure. The Tyrrells were now up front, with the Ferraris behind them. The gearboxes of both Ferraris failed and both retired, promoting [[James Hunt]] in the [[Hesketh Racing|Hesketh]] to third. Scheckther duly won, with Depailler completing a dominant 1-2 for Tyrrell, with Hunt third.<br /> <br /> ===Race Eight: Holland===<br /> Holland was host to the eighth round, and Lauda took his fourth pole of the year, with teammate Regazzoni alongside, and the McLarens of Fittipaldi and Hailwood next up. Lauda led from the start, will Hailwood jumping up to second. But Regaazzoni took only two laps to regain second, and Hailwood was soon passed by Depailler and Fittipaldi. Depailler held third until he struggled with oversteer, and so Fittipaldi was through. Lauda won, with Regazzoni making it a 1-2 for Ferrari, with Fittipaldi getting third.<br /> <br /> ===Race Nine: France===<br /> Lauda took pole again in France, with Peterson in second, and [[Tom Pryce]] in the Shadow a surprising third. Lauda and Peterson maintained their positions at the start, whereas Pryce collided with Hunt and [[Carlos Reutemann]], with all three retiring as Regazzoni took third. Lauda and Peterson battled it out in the early stages, but soon Lauda began to suffer from a vibration and Peterson was able to pass him and pull away. Peterson went on to win, with Lauda managing second, and Regazzoni third.<br /> <br /> ===Race Ten: Great Britain===<br /> Great Britain was host to the tenth round of the championship, and Lauda surprised no one by taking pole, with Peterson again alongside and Scheckter third. At the start, Lauda led, whereas Peterson dropped behind Scheckter and Regazzoni. The order of Lauda, Scheckter, Regazzoni and Peterson remained unchanged for the first half of the race until Regazzoni and Peterson had to pit for new tyres after running over debris. Late in the race, leader Lauda suffered a puncture, and the lead went to Scheckter. Scheckter duly won, with Fittipaldi getting second and [[Jacky Ickx]] third. <br /> <br /> As a result, with exactly two-thirds of the championship gone, the championship was an extremely close four-way battle. Lauda led with 38 points, but he was only a point ahead of Fittipadi, with Regazzoni and Scheckter lurking three points behind.<br /> <br /> ===Race Eleven: Germany===<br /> The third part of the championship started in Germany, and Lauda took pole as usual, and Regazzoni ensured that Ferrari locked out the front row, with other contenders Fittipaldi third and Scheckter fourth. Regazzoni took the lead at the start, whereas Lauda and Scheckter collided on the first lap with the former retiring, and the latter continuing unscathed in second. Fittipaldi suffered a puncture and had to pit. Regazzoni went on to win and take the championship lead, with Scheckter second and Reutemann third.<br /> <br /> ===Race Twelve: Austria===<br /> Lauda took his eighth pole position of the championship, and fifth consecutive, in his home round in Austria with Reutemann and Fittipaldi second and third on the grid. Reutemann got the better of Lauda at the start, with Regazzoni fourth behind the second Brabham of [[Carlos Pace]], and Fittipaldi down to seventh behind Scheckter. Scheckter retired with a blown engine, whereas Regazzoni soon passed Pace. Lauda soon dropped down the order with a misfiring engine and soon retired. Regazzoni was second, and Fittipaldi was third after passing Pace. However. Fittipaldi's engine also blew up, and Regazzoni dropped back and ultimately had to bit with a slow puncture. Reutemann took the victory, with [[Denny Hulme]] second and [[James Hunt]] third. Regazzoni recovered to finish fifth and get two points, whereas his other rivals scored none.<br /> <br /> ===Race Thirteen: Italy===<br /> The Ferrari fans were happy to see Lauda take pole for the Italian GP, with the Brabhams of Reutemann and Pace following him on the grid. The start did not change the positions, with Lauda leading Reutemann and Pace. Soon, Regazzoni passed both the Brabhams to and then Reutemann reited with a gearbox failure and Pace had to pit with tyre troubles. This left Lauda leading Regazzoni for the perfect Ferrari 1-2, a long way ahead of third-placed Peterson. That was not to last as Lauda retired with a water leak, handing the lead to Regazzoni but Regazzoni's engine failed 10 laps later. Peterson took the lead and won, holding off Fittipaldi and Scheckter finished third to close up the championship.<br /> <br /> ===Race Fourteen: Canada===<br /> The penultimate round of the championship was in Canada, and Fittipaldi took pole, just beating Lauda with Scheckter third. Lauda took Fittipaldi off the line and led, with Regazzoni up to third ahead of Scheckter, but Scheckter retook the position on the second lap. The four contenders were occupying the first four spots - Lauda leading Fittipaldi, Scheckter and Regazzoni. But Scheckter crashed after suffering a brake failure, and then Lauda crashed out late in the race after running over debris, ending his championship hopes. Fittipaldi won the race from Regazzoni, with Peterson completing the podium.<br /> <br /> This meant that Fittipaldi and Regazzoni were level on points into the last race, with Scheckter the outsider seven points behind.<br /> <br /> ===Race Fifteen: United States===<br /> The championship decider was to be held at the United States. Reutemann took pole with Hunt alongside on the front row, with home hero [[Mario Andretti]] third in a [[Parnelli]]. Scheckter was sixth, whereas Fittipaldi and Regazzoni were eighth and ninth. Reutemann converted his pole to a lead at the start, with Hunt second and Pace third after Andretti stalled. Behind Lauda was Scheckter, Fittipaldi and Regazzoni running together. The front three quickly pulled away, as Lauda held up Scheckter and Fittipaldi in an attempt to help Regazzoni. However, Regazzoni was struggling with handling problems and dropping back down the field. He pitted for tyres twice but found it to be no avail, and he was two laps down. Lauda and Scheckter both retired in the latter half of the race, promoting Fittipaldi to fourth. Pace took second from Hunt with four laps left, as the Englishman was suffering from fading brakes. The race was won by Reutemann, with Pace ensuring that Brabham cap off the season with a 1-2, and Hunt was third.<br /> <br /> Emerson Fittipaldi finished fourth to ensure that he was the World Champion, beating Regazzoni by three points.<br /> <br /> The race was marred by the death of young Austrian [[Helmut Koinigg]] when his car crashed into the wall after a puncture on the 10th lap. The barrier which the car hit split on impact, and Koinigg was decapitated.<br /> <br /> ==Championship review==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 85%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Rnd<br /> ! Race<br /> ! Circuit<br /> ! Date<br /> ! Pole position<br /> ! Fastest lap<br /> ! Winning driver<br /> ! Constructor<br /> ! Tyre<br /> ! Report<br /> |-<br /> ! 1<br /> | {{flagicon|ARG}} [[Argentine Grand Prix]]<br /> | [[Autódromo Oscar Alfredo Gálvez|Buenos Aires]]<br /> | January 13<br /> | {{flagicon|Sweden}} [[Ronnie Peterson]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Switzerland}} [[Clay Regazzoni]]<br /> | {{flagicon|New Zealand}} [[Denny Hulme]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[McLaren]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | {{Goodyear}}<br /> | [[1974 Argentine Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 2<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Brazilian Grand Prix]]<br /> | [[Autódromo José Carlos Pace|Interlagos]]<br /> | January 27<br /> | {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Emerson Fittipaldi]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Switzerland}} [[Clay Regazzoni]]<br /> | {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Emerson Fittipaldi]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[McLaren]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | {{Goodyear}}<br /> | [[1974 Brazilian Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 3<br /> | {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[South African Grand Prix]]<br /> | [[Kyalami]]<br /> | March 30<br /> | {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Niki Lauda]]<br /> | {{flagicon|ARG}} [[Carlos Reutemann]]<br /> | {{flagicon|ARG}} [[Carlos Reutemann]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Brabham]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | {{Goodyear}}<br /> | [[1974 South African Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 4<br /> | {{flagicon|Spain|1945}} [[Spanish Grand Prix]]<br /> | [[Circuito Permanente Del Jarama|Jarama]]<br /> | April 28<br /> | {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Niki Lauda]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Niki Lauda]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Niki Lauda]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> | {{Goodyear}}<br /> | [[1974 Spanish Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 5<br /> | {{flagicon|Belgium}} [[Belgian Grand Prix]]<br /> | [[Nivelles-Baulers]]<br /> | May 12<br /> | {{flagicon|Switzerland}} [[Clay Regazzoni]]<br /> | {{flagicon|New Zealand}} [[Denny Hulme]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Emerson Fittipaldi]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[McLaren]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | {{Goodyear}}<br /> | [[1974 Belgian Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 6<br /> | {{flagicon|Monaco}} [[Monaco Grand Prix]]<br /> | [[Circuit de Monaco|Monaco]]<br /> | May 26<br /> | {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Niki Lauda]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Sweden}} [[Ronnie Peterson]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Sweden}} [[Ronnie Peterson]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | {{Goodyear}}<br /> | [[1974 Monaco Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 7<br /> | {{flagicon|Sweden}} [[Swedish Grand Prix]]<br /> | [[Scandinavian Raceway|Anderstorp]]<br /> | June 9<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Patrick Depailler]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Patrick Depailler]]<br /> | {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[Jody Scheckter]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | {{Goodyear}}<br /> | [[1974 Swedish Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 8<br /> | {{flagicon|Netherlands}} [[Dutch Grand Prix]]<br /> | [[Circuit Zandvoort|Zandvoort]]<br /> | June 23<br /> | {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Niki Lauda]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Sweden}} [[Ronnie Peterson]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Niki Lauda]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> | {{Goodyear}}<br /> | [[1974 Dutch Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 9<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[French Grand Prix]]<br /> | [[Dijon-Prenois]]<br /> | July 7<br /> | {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Niki Lauda]]<br /> | {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[Jody Scheckter]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Sweden}} [[Ronnie Peterson]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | {{Goodyear}}<br /> | [[1974 French Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 10<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[British Grand Prix]]<br /> | [[Brands Hatch]]<br /> | July 20<br /> | {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Niki Lauda]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Niki Lauda]]<br /> | {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[Jody Scheckter]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | {{Goodyear}}<br /> | [[1974 British Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 11<br /> | {{flagicon|West Germany}} [[German Grand Prix]]<br /> | [[Nürburgring]]<br /> | August 4<br /> | {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Niki Lauda]]<br /> | {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[Jody Scheckter]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Switzerland}} [[Clay Regazzoni]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> | {{Goodyear}}<br /> | [[1974 German Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 12<br /> | {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Austrian Grand Prix]]<br /> | [[Österreichring]]<br /> | August 18<br /> | {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Niki Lauda]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Switzerland}} [[Clay Regazzoni]]<br /> | {{flagicon|ARG}} [[Carlos Reutemann]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Brabham]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | {{Goodyear}}<br /> | [[1974 Austrian Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 13<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Italian Grand Prix]]<br /> | [[Autodromo Nazionale Monza|Monza]]<br /> | September 8<br /> | {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Niki Lauda]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[José Carlos Pace|Carlos Pace]]<br /> | {{flagicon|SWE}} [[Ronnie Peterson]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | {{Goodyear}}<br /> | [[1974 Italian Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 14<br /> | {{flagicon|Canada}} [[Canadian Grand Prix]]<br /> | [[Mosport Park]]<br /> | September 22<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Emerson Fittipaldi]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Niki Lauda]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Emerson Fittipaldi]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[McLaren]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | {{Goodyear}}<br /> | [[1974 Canadian Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 15<br /> | {{flagicon|United States}} [[United States Grand Prix]]<br /> | [[Watkins Glen International|Watkins Glen]]<br /> | October 6<br /> | {{flagicon|ARG}} [[Carlos Reutemann]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[José Carlos Pace|Carlos Pace]]<br /> | {{flagicon|ARG}} [[Carlos Reutemann]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Brabham]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | {{Goodyear}}<br /> | [[1974 United States Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Championship teams and drivers==<br /> The following teams and drivers contested the 1974 World Championship.<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 85%&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Entrant<br /> ! Constructor<br /> ! Chassis<br /> ! Engine<br /> ! Tyre<br /> ! No<br /> ! Driver<br /> ! Rounds<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Team Lotus|John Player Team Lotus]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[Lotus 72|72E]]&lt;br&gt;[[Lotus 76|76]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 1<br /> | {{flagicon|SWE}} [[Ronnie Peterson]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> | 2<br /> | {{flagicon|BEL}} [[Jacky Ickx]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> | 31<br /> | {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Tim Schenken]]<br /> | 15<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Tyrrell Racing|Elf Team Tyrrell]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Tyrrell 005|005]]&lt;br&gt;[[Tyrrell 006|006]]&lt;br&gt;[[Tyrrell 007|007]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 3<br /> | {{flagicon|RSA|1928}} [[Jody Scheckter]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> | 4<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Patrick Depailler]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;5&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[McLaren|Marlboro Team Texaco]]&lt;br&gt;{{flagicon|GBR}} [[McLaren|Yardley Team McLaren]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;5&quot;| [[McLaren]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;5&quot;| [[McLaren M23|M23]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;5&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;5&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 5<br /> | {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Emerson Fittipaldi]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> | 6<br /> | {{flagicon|NZL}} [[Denny Hulme]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| 33<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Mike Hailwood]]<br /> | 1-11<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[David Hobbs (racing driver)|David Hobbs]]<br /> | 12-13<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|FRG}} [[Jochen Mass]]<br /> | 14-15<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;5&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Motor Racing Developments]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;5&quot;| [[Brabham]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;5&quot;| [[Brabham BT42|BT42]]&lt;br&gt;[[Brabham BT44|BT44]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;5&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;5&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> |7<br /> | {{flagicon|ARG|alt}} [[Carlos Reutemann]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| 8<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Richard Robarts]]<br /> | 1-3<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|LIE}} [[Rikky von Opel]]<br /> | 4-9<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Carlos Pace]]<br /> | 10-15<br /> |-<br /> |34<br /> | {{flagicon|BEL}} [[Teddy Pilette]]<br /> | 5<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[March Engineering]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| [[March Engineering|March]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| [[March 741|741]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 9<br /> | {{flagicon|FRG}} [[Hans-Joachim Stuck]]<br /> | 1-6, 8-15<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|SWE}} [[Reine Wisell]]<br /> | 7<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 10<br /> | {{flagicon|NZL}} [[Howden Ganley]]<br /> | 1-2<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Vittorio Brambilla]]<br /> | 3-15<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Scuderia Ferrari SpA SEFAC]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Ferrari 312B|312B3]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]] 001/11 3.0 [[flat-12|F12]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 11<br /> | {{flagicon|SUI}} [[Clay Regazzoni]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> | 12<br /> | {{flagicon|AUT}} [[Niki Lauda]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[BRM|Team Motul BRM]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| [[BRM]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| [[BRM P160|P160E]]&lt;br&gt;[[BRM P201|P201]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| [[BRM]] P142 3.0 [[V12 engine|V12]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| {{Firestone}}<br /> | 14<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Jean-Pierre Beltoise]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 15<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Henri Pescarolo]]<br /> | 1-11, 13<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|NZL}} [[Chris Amon]]<br /> | 14-15<br /> |-<br /> | 37<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[François Migault]]<br /> | 1-6, 8-11, 13<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;5&quot;| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Shadow Racing Cars|UOP Shadow Racing Team]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;5&quot;| [[Shadow Racing Cars|Shadow]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;5&quot;| [[Shadow DN1|DN1]]&lt;br&gt;[[Shadow DN3|DN3]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;5&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;5&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| 16<br /> | {{flagicon|USA}} [[Peter Revson]]<br /> | 1-2<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Brian Redman]]<br /> | 4-6<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|SWE}} [[Bertil Roos]]<br /> | 7<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Tom Pryce]]<br /> | 8-15<br /> |-<br /> | 17<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Jean-Pierre Jarier]]<br /> | 1-2, 4-15<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;7&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Surtees|Team Surtees]]&lt;br&gt;{{flagicon|GBR}} [[Surtees|Bang &amp; Olufsen Team Surtees]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;7&quot;| [[Surtees]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;7&quot;| [[Surtees TS16|TS16]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;7&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;7&quot;| {{Firestone}}<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| 18<br /> | {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Carlos Pace]]<br /> | 1-7<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[José Dolhem]]<br /> | 9, 15<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Derek Bell (auto racer)|Derek Bell]]<br /> | 10-14<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| 19<br /> | {{flagicon|FRG}} [[Jochen Mass]]<br /> | 1-11<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Jean-Pierre Jabouille]]<br /> | 12<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[José Dolhem]]<br /> | 13<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|AUT}} [[Helmuth Koinigg]]<br /> | 14-15<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;5&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Frank Williams Racing Cars]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;5&quot;| [[Frank Williams Racing Cars|Iso-Marlboro]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;5&quot;| [[Williams FW|FW]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;5&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;5&quot;| {{Firestone}}<br /> | 20<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Arturo Merzario]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| 21<br /> | {{flagicon|DEN}} [[Tom Belsø]]<br /> | 3-4, 7, 10<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|NED}} [[Gijs van Lennep]]<br /> | 5, 8<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Jean-Pierre Jabouille]]<br /> | 9<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Jacques Laffite]]<br /> | 11-15<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Ensign Racing|Team Ensign]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[Ensign Racing|Ensign]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[Ensign N174|N174]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| {{Firestone}}<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| 22<br /> | {{flagicon|LIE}} [[Rikky von Opel]]<br /> | 1<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Vern Schuppan]]<br /> | 5-11<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Mike Wilds]]<br /> | 12-15<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|RSA|1928}} Scribante [[Lucky Strike|Lucky Strike Racing]]<br /> ! [[McLaren]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | [[McLaren M23|M23]]<br /> | [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> | {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 23<br /> | {{flagicon|RSA|1928}} [[Dave Charlton]]<br /> | 3<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Trojan-Tauranac Racing]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[Trojan-Tauranac Racing|Trojan]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[Trojan T103|T103]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| {{Firestone}}<br /> | 23<br /> | {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Tim Schenken]]<br /> | 4, 6, 8, 10-12<br /> |-<br /> | 29<br /> | {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Tim Schenken]]<br /> | 13<br /> |-<br /> | 41<br /> | {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Tim Schenken]]<br /> | 5<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| {{flagicon|FIN}} AAW Racing Team<br /> !rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[Surtees]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[Surtees TS16|TS16]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| {{Firestone}}<br /> | 23<br /> | {{flagicon|FIN}} [[Leo Kinnunen]]<br /> | 7, 9, 13<br /> |-<br /> | 43<br /> | {{flagicon|FIN}} [[Leo Kinnunen]]<br /> | 10, 12<br /> |-<br /> | 44<br /> | {{flagicon|FIN}} [[Leo Kinnunen]]<br /> | 5<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Hesketh Racing]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[March Engineering|March]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]&lt;br&gt;[[Hesketh Racing|Hesketh]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[March 731|731]] &lt;br&gt;[[Hesketh 308|308]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Firestone}}&lt;br&gt;{{Goodyear}}<br /> | 24<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[James Hunt]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> | 31<br /> | {{flagicon|RSA|1928}} [[Ian Scheckter]]<br /> | 12<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Maki Engineering]]<br /> ! [[Maki Engineering|Maki]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | [[Maki F101|F101]]<br /> | [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> | {{Firestone}}<br /> | 25<br /> | {{flagicon|NZL}} [[Howden Ganley]]<br /> | 10-11<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Embassy Hill|Embassy Racing with Graham Hill]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| [[Lola Cars|Lola]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| [[Lola T370|T370]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| {{Firestone}}<br /> | 26<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Graham Hill]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| 27<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Guy Edwards]]<br /> | 1-2, 4-9, 11<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Peter Gethin]]<br /> | 10<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|FRG}} [[Rolf Stommelen]]<br /> | 12-15<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Goldie Hexagon Racing|John Goldie Racing with Hexagon]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Brabham]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Brabham BT42|BT42]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Firestone}}<br /> | 28<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[John Watson (racing driver)|John Watson]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> | 34<br /> | {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Carlos Pace]]<br /> | 9<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|RSA|1928}} Team Gunston<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Lotus 72|72E]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 29<br /> | {{flagicon|RSA|1928}} [[Ian Scheckter]]<br /> | 3<br /> |-<br /> | 30<br /> | {{flagicon|RSA|1928}} [[Paddy Driver]]<br /> | 3<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Chris Amon Racing]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Chris Amon Racing|Amon]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Amon AF101|AF101]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Firestone}}<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 30<br /> | {{flagicon|NZL}} [[Chris Amon]]<br /> | 4, 6, 11, 13<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Larry Perkins]]<br /> | 11<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} Pinch Plant Ltd<br /> ! [[Lyncar]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | [[Lyncar 006|006]]<br /> | [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> | {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 30<br /> | {{flagicon|NZL}} [[John Nicholson (racing driver)|John Nicholson]]<br /> | 10<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} Dempster Internacional Team Surtees&lt;br&gt;{{flagicon|GBR}} Dempster Internacional Racing Team<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Surtees]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]&lt;br&gt;[[March Engineering|March]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Surtees TS16|TS16]]&lt;br&gt;[[March 731|731]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Firestone}}<br /> | 30<br /> | {{flagicon|AUT}} [[Dieter Quester]]<br /> | 12<br /> |-<br /> | 35<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Mike Wilds]]<br /> | 10<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Scuderia Finotto]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[Brabham]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[Brabham BT42|BT42]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| {{Firestone}}<br /> | 31<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Carlo Facetti]]<br /> | 13<br /> |-<br /> | 32<br /> | {{flagicon|AUT}} [[Helmuth Koinigg]]<br /> | 12<br /> |-<br /> | 43<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Gérard Larrousse]]<br /> | 5, 9<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|RSA|1928}} [[Alex Blignaut|Blignaut Embassy Racing]]<br /> ! [[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | [[Tyrrell 004|004]]<br /> | [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> | {{Firestone}}<br /> | 32<br /> | {{flagicon|RSA|1928}} [[Eddie Keizan]]<br /> | 3<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Token Racing]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| [[Token Racing|Token]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| [[Token RJ02|RJ02]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| {{Firestone}}<br /> | 32<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Ian Ashley]]<br /> | 11<br /> |-<br /> | 35<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Ian Ashley]]<br /> | 12<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 42<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Tom Pryce]]<br /> | 5<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[David Purley]]<br /> | 10<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} The Chequered Flag<br /> ! [[Brabham]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | [[Brabham BT42|BT42]]<br /> | [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> | {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 42<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Ian Ashley]]<br /> | 14-15<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|CAN}} Team Canada F1 Racing<br /> ! [[Brabham]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | [[Brabham BT42|BT42]]<br /> | [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> | {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 50<br /> | {{flagicon|CAN}} [[Eppie Wietzes]]<br /> | 14<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|USA}} [[Vel's Parnelli Jones Racing]]<br /> ! [[Vel's Parnelli Jones Racing|Parnelli]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | [[Parnelli VPJ4|VPJ4]]<br /> | [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> | {{Firestone}}<br /> | 55<br /> | {{flagicon|USA}} [[Mario Andretti]]<br /> | 14-15<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|USA}} [[Penske Racing|Penske Cars]]<br /> ! [[Penske Racing|Penske]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | [[Penske PC1|PC1]]<br /> | [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> | {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 66<br /> | {{flagicon|USA}} [[Mark Donohue]]<br /> | 14-15<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} Allied Polymer Group<br /> ! [[Brabham]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | [[Brabham BT42|BT42]]<br /> | [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> | {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 208<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Lella Lombardi]]<br /> | 10<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==1974 World Championship of F1 Drivers - final standings==<br /> {|<br /> |- valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> |<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 85%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |- valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Pos<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Driver<br /> ! [[1974 Argentine Grand Prix|ARG]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Argentina|alt}}<br /> ! [[1974 Brazilian Grand Prix|BRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Brazil}}<br /> ! [[1974 South African Grand Prix|RSA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|South Africa|1928}}<br /> ! [[1974 Spanish Grand Prix|ESP]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Spain|1945}}<br /> ! [[1974 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Belgium}}<br /> ! [[1974 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Monaco}}<br /> ! [[1974 Swedish Grand Prix|SWE]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Sweden}}<br /> ! [[1974 Dutch Grand Prix|NED]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Netherlands}}<br /> ! [[1974 French Grand Prix|FRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|France}}<br /> ! [[1974 British Grand Prix|GBR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|UK}}<br /> ! [[1974 German Grand Prix|GER]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|West Germany}}<br /> ! [[1974 Austrian Grand Prix|AUT]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Austria}}<br /> ! [[1974 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Italy}}<br /> ! [[1974 Canadian Grand Prix|CAN]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Canada}}<br /> ! [[1974 United States Grand Prix|USA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|United States}}<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Pts<br /> |-<br /> ! 1<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Emerson Fittipaldi]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''55'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 2<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Switzerland}} [[Clay Regazzoni]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| ''3''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| ''2''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''4'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| ''5''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''52'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 3<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[Jody Scheckter]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| ''4''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| ''2''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''45'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 4<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Niki Lauda]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| '''16'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''''1'''''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''''5'''''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| ''Ret''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''38'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 5<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Sweden}} [[Ronnie Peterson]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| '''13'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| ''1''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| ''8''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''35'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 6<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Argentina|alt}} [[Carlos Reutemann]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| ''1''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''32'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 7<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|New Zealand}} [[Denny Hulme]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| ''6''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#000000&quot; style=&quot;color: white&quot;| DSQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''20'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 8<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[James Hunt]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''15'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 9<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[Patrick Depailler]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''''2'''''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''14'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 10<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Mike Hailwood]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 15<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''12'''<br /> |-<br /> ! =<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Belgium}} [[Jacky Ickx]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''12'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 12<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[José Carlos Pace|Carlos Pace]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| ''5''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| ''2''<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''11'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 13<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[Jean-Pierre Beltoise]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''10'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 14<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[Jean-Pierre Jarier]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''6'''<br /> |-<br /> ! =<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[John Watson (driver)|John Watson]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 16<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''6'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 16<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|West Germany}} [[Hans-Joachim Stuck]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''5'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 17<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Arturo Merzario]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | DNS<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''4'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 18<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Vittorio Brambilla]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |-<br /> ! =<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Graham Hill]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |-<br /> ! =<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Tom Pryce]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Guy Edwards]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 15<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[David Hobbs (racing driver)|David Hobbs]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|West Germany}} [[Jochen Mass]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 17<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 16<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Brian Redman]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 18<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Mario Andretti]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#000000&quot; style=&quot;color: white&quot;| DSQ<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|New Zealand}} [[Howden Ganley]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Denmark}} [[Tom Belsø]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Liechtenstein}} [[Rikky von Opel]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffff&quot;|DNS<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[Henri Pescarolo]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 18<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|New Zealand}} [[Chris Amon]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> | DNS<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Dieter Quester]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Australia}} [[Tim Schenken]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#000000&quot; style=&quot;color: white&quot;| DSQ<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Helmuth Koinigg]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|West Germany}} [[Rolf Stommelen]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Derek Bell (auto racer)|Derek Bell]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Mark Donohue]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[Ian Scheckter]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[François Migault]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 16<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 15<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 16<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Ian Ashley]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Netherlands}} [[Gijs van Lennep]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[Eddie Keizan]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Richard Robarts]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 15<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 17<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> | DNS<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Australia}} [[Vern Schuppan]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 15<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#000000&quot; style=&quot;color: white&quot;| DSQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#000000&quot; style=&quot;color: white&quot;| DSQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[Jacques Laffite]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 15<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Belgium}} [[Teddy Pilette]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 17<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[Dave Charlton]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 19<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Peter Revson]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Finland}} [[Leo Kinnunen]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Mike Wilds]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[Gérard Larrousse]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[Paddy Driver]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Sweden}} [[Reine Wisell]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Sweden}} [[Bertil Roos]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Peter Gethin]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Canada}} [[Eppie Wietzes]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[José Dolhem]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[Jean-Pierre Jabouille]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[David Purley]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Lella Lombardi]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|New Zealand}} [[John Nicholson (racing driver)|John Nicholson]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Australia}} [[Larry Perkins]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Carlo Facetti]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |- valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Pos<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Driver<br /> ! [[1974 Argentine Grand Prix|ARG]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Argentina|alt}}<br /> ! [[1974 Brazilian Grand Prix|BRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Brazil}}<br /> ! [[1974 South African Grand Prix|RSA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|South Africa|1928}}<br /> ! [[1974 Spanish Grand Prix|ESP]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Spain|1945}}<br /> ! [[1974 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Belgium}}<br /> ! [[1974 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Monaco}}<br /> ! [[1974 Swedish Grand Prix|SWE]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Sweden}}<br /> ! [[1974 Dutch Grand Prix|NED]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Netherlands}}<br /> ! [[1974 French Grand Prix|FRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|France}}<br /> ! [[1974 British Grand Prix|GBR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|UK}}<br /> ! [[1974 German Grand Prix|GER]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|West Germany}}<br /> ! [[1974 Austrian Grand Prix|AUT]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Austria}}<br /> ! [[1974 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Italy}}<br /> ! [[1974 Canadian Grand Prix|CAN]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Canada}}<br /> ! [[1974 United States Grand Prix|USA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|United States}}<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Pts<br /> |}<br /> |valign=&quot;top&quot;|<br /> {{F1 driver results legend 2}}<br /> |}<br /> <br /> Points towards the World Championship of F1 Drivers were awarded on a 9-6-4-3-2-1 basis for the first six finishers in each race.&lt;ref&gt;Peter Higham, The Guinness Guide Guide to International Motor Racing, 1995, page 6&lt;/ref&gt; For classification, only the 7 best results from the first 8 races and the best 6 results from the remaining 7 races could be retained.&lt;ref name=AutomobileYear&gt;Automobile Year, 1974/75, page 185&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The [[FIA]] did not award a championship classification to drivers who did not score championship points &lt;ref name=FIA/&gt; and did not apply a classification tiebreaker system to drivers gaining an equal number of championship points.&lt;ref name=FIA/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==1974 International Cup for F1 Manufacturers - final standings==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 85%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |- valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;|Pos<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;|Manufacturer<br /> ! [[1974 Argentine Grand Prix|ARG]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Argentina|alt}}<br /> ! [[1974 Brazilian Grand Prix|BRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Brazil}}<br /> ! [[1974 South African Grand Prix|RSA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|South Africa|1928}}<br /> ! [[1974 Spanish Grand Prix|ESP]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Spain|1945}}<br /> ! [[1974 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Belgium}}<br /> ! [[1974 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Monaco}}<br /> ! [[1974 Swedish Grand Prix|SWE]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Sweden}}<br /> ! [[1974 Dutch Grand Prix|NED]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Netherlands}}<br /> ! [[1974 French Grand Prix|FRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|France}}<br /> ! [[1974 British Grand Prix|GBR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|UK}}<br /> ! [[1974 German Grand Prix|GER]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|West Germany}}<br /> ! [[1974 Austrian Grand Prix|AUT]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Austria}}<br /> ! [[1974 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Italy}}<br /> ! [[1974 Canadian Grand Prix|CAN]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Canada}}<br /> ! [[1974 United States Grand Prix|USA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|United States}}<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;|Pts&lt;ref name=&quot;points&quot;&gt;Only the best 7 results from the first 8 races and the best 6 results from the last 7 races counted towards the Championship. Numbers without parentheses are Championship points; numbers in parentheses are total points scored.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> ! 1<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[McLaren]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| (5)<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''4'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''6'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 15<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''4'''<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''73 (75)'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 2<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 16<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''4'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''4'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''5'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''65'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 3<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''6'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''4'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''5'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''5'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''4'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''5'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''6'''<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''52'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 4<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''4'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''42'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 5<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Brabham]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''6'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 16<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''6'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''5'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''35'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 6<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Hesketh Racing|Hesketh]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | <br /> | <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''4'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''15'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 7<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[British Racing Motors|BRM]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''5'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''5'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''10'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 8<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Shadow Racing Cars|Shadow]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | WD<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''5'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''6'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''7'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 9<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[March Engineering|March]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''5'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''4'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''6'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''6'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 10<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Frank Williams Racing Cars|Iso Marlboro]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''6'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''4'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 15<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''4'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 11<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Surtees]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''4'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 12<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Lola Cars|Lola]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''6'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Vel's Parnelli Jones Racing|Parnelli]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | <br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#000000&quot; style=&quot;color: white&quot;| DSQ<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Trojan-Tauranac Racing|Trojan]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | <br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> | <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | <br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Penske Racing|Penske]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Token Racing|Token]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Ensign Racing|Ensign]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffff&quot;| DNS<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 15<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#000000&quot; style=&quot;color: white&quot;| DSQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#000000&quot; style=&quot;color: white&quot;| DSQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|NZL}} [[Chris Amon Racing|Amon]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffff&quot;| DNS<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Maki Engineering|Maki]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Lyncar]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |- valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;|Pos<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;|Constructor<br /> ! [[1974 Argentine Grand Prix|ARG]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Argentina|alt}}<br /> ! [[1974 Brazilian Grand Prix|BRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Brazil}}<br /> ! [[1974 South African Grand Prix|RSA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|South Africa|1928}}<br /> ! [[1974 Spanish Grand Prix|ESP]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Spain|1945}}<br /> ! [[1974 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Belgium}}<br /> ! [[1974 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Monaco}}<br /> ! [[1974 Swedish Grand Prix|SWE]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Sweden}}<br /> ! [[1974 Dutch Grand Prix|NED]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Netherlands}}<br /> ! [[1974 French Grand Prix|FRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|France}}<br /> ! [[1974 British Grand Prix|GBR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|UK}}<br /> ! [[1974 German Grand Prix|GER]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|West Germany}}<br /> ! [[1974 Austrian Grand Prix|AUT]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Austria}}<br /> ! [[1974 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Italy}}<br /> ! [[1974 Canadian Grand Prix|CAN]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Canada}}<br /> ! [[1974 United States Grand Prix|USA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|United States}}<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;|Pts<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> Points towards the International Cup for F1 Manufacturers were awarded on a 9-6-4-3-2-1 basis for the first six places in each race, however only the best placed car of each manufacturer was eligible to score points.&lt;ref name=Kettlewell&gt;Mike Kettlewell, The Champion Book of World Championship Facts &amp; Figures, 1982, page 40&lt;/ref&gt; For classification, only the 7 best results from the first 8 races and the best 6 results from the remaining 7 races could be retained.&lt;ref name=Kettlewell/&gt; <br /> <br /> Race results shown in '''Bold''' in the above table indicate that points were awarded and retained. Race results shown within brackets indicate that points were awarded but not retained.<br /> <br /> The FIA did not award a championship classification to a manufacturer that did not score championship points.&lt;ref name=FIA/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Non-Championship race results==<br /> The following races were open to [[Formula One]] cars, but did not count towards the World Championship of F1 Drivers or the International Cup for F1 Manufacturers. <br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:95%&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Race Name<br /> ! Circuit<br /> ! Date<br /> ! Winning driver<br /> ! Constructor<br /> ! Report<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} I [[Presidente Medici Grand Prix]]<br /> | [[Autódromo Internacional Nelson Piquet (Brasília)|Brasília]]<br /> | February 3<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Emerson Fittipaldi]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[McLaren]]-[[Cosworth]]<br /> | [[1974 Presidente Medici Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} IX [[Race of Champions (Brands Hatch)|Race of Champions]]<br /> | [[Brands Hatch]]<br /> | March 17<br /> | {{flagicon|Belgium}} [[Jacky Ickx]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[Cosworth]]<br /> | [[1974 Race of Champions|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} XXVI [[BRDC International Trophy]]<br /> | [[Silverstone Circuit|Silverstone]]<br /> | April 7<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[James Hunt]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Hesketh Racing|Hesketh]]-[[Cosworth]]<br /> | [[1974 BRDC International Trophy|Report]]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Notes==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Formula One Championship}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Formula One seasons]]<br /> [[Category:1974 in Formula One| ]]<br /> <br /> [[ar:بطولة العالم لسباقات الفورمولا واحد موسم 1974]]<br /> [[bg:Световен шампионат на Формула 1 (1974)]]<br /> [[ca:Temporada 1974 de Fórmula 1]]<br /> [[cs:Formule 1 v roce 1974]]<br /> [[de:Formel-1-Saison 1974]]<br /> [[es:Anexo:Temporada 1974 de Fórmula 1]]<br /> [[eu:1974ko 1 Formulako denboraldia]]<br /> [[fa:مسابقات فرمول یک فصل ۱۹۷۴]]<br /> [[fr:Championnat du monde de Formule 1 1974]]<br /> [[gl:Campionato Mundial de Fórmula 1 de 1974]]<br /> [[id:Formula Satu musim 1974]]<br /> [[it:Campionato mondiale di Formula 1 1974]]<br /> [[hu:1974-es Formula–1 világbajnokság]]<br /> [[mr:१९७४ फॉर्म्युला वन हंगाम]]<br /> [[mzn:فصل ۱۹۷۴ فرمول یک مسابقات]]<br /> [[nl:Formule 1 in 1974]]<br /> [[ja:1974年のF1世界選手権]]<br /> [[no:Formel 1-sesongen 1974]]<br /> [[pl:Formuła 1 Sezon 1974]]<br /> [[pt:Temporada de Fórmula 1 de 1974]]<br /> [[ru:Формула-1 в сезоне 1974]]<br /> [[sq:Rezultatet e F1 1974]]<br /> [[simple:1974 Formula One season]]<br /> [[sl:Formula 1 sezona 1974]]<br /> [[fi:Formula 1 -kausi 1974]]<br /> [[sv:Formel 1-VM 1974]]</div> Tulumino https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=DAX&diff=537278319 DAX 2013-02-08T20:29:18Z <p>Tulumino: new figures</p> <hr /> <div>{{Other uses|Dax (disambiguation)}}<br /> {{Infobox Index<br /> |name = DAX<br /> |logo = <br /> |image = [[File:DAX.png|200px]]<br /> |caption = DAX performance between 1959 and 2012<br /> |foundation = 1 July 1988<br /> |operator = [[Deutsche Börse]]<br /> |exchanges = [[Frankfurt Stock Exchange]]<br /> |constituents = 30<br /> |cap_level = Large cap<br /> |mcap = [[Euro|€]]598 billion &lt;small&gt;(Aug 2012)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://http://dax-indices.com/EN/MediaLibrary/Document/Factsheets/20120824_FS%20DAX.pdf|title=Factsheet DAX|date=24 August 2012|publisher=[[Deutsche Börse]]|accessdate=2013-02-08}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |weighting = [[Market value-weighted index|Market value-weighted]]<br /> |related = [[MDAX]], [[SDAX]], [[TecDAX]], [[ÖkoDAX]]<br /> |homepage = [http://deutsche-boerse.com/dbag/dispatch/en/isg/gdb_navigation/private_investors/20_Equities/20_Indices/10_DAX?module=InOverview_Index&amp;wp=DE0008469008&amp;wplist=DE0008469008&amp;foldertype=_Index DAX homepage]<br /> }}<br /> <br /> The '''DAX''' (''Deutscher Aktien IndeX'', formerly ''Deutscher Aktien-Index'' (German stock index)) is a [[Blue chip (stock market)|blue chip]] [[stock market index]] consisting of the 30 major [[Germany|German]] companies trading on the [[Frankfurt Stock Exchange]]. Prices are taken from the electronic [[Xetra (trading system)|Xetra]] trading system. According to [[Deutsche Börse]], the operator of Xetra, DAX measures the performance of the [[Prime Standard]]’s 30 largest German companies in terms of order book volume and market capitalization.&lt;ref&gt;[http://deutsche-boerse.com/dbag/dispatch/en/isg/gdb_navigation/private_investors/20_Equities/20_Indices/10_DAX?module=InOverview_Index&amp;wp=DE0008469008&amp;wplist=DE0008469008&amp;foldertype=_Index DAX]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The L-DAX Index is an indicator of the German benchmark DAX index's performance after the Xetra electronic-trading system closes based on the [[floor trading]] at the Frankfurt Stock Exchange. The L-DAX Index basis is the &quot;floor&quot; trade (''Parketthandel'') at the Frankfurt stock exchange; it is computed daily between 09:00 and 17:30 Hours CET. The L-DAX index (Late DAX) is calculated from 17:30 to 20:00 CET. The [[Eurex]], a European electronic futures and options exchange based in [[Zurich]], [[Switzerland]] with a subsidiary in [[Frankfurt]], Germany, offers options (ODAX) and Futures (FDAX) on the DAX from 08:00 to 22:00 CET.<br /> <br /> The Base date for the DAX is 30 December 1987 and it was started from a base value of 1,000. The Xetra system calculates the index after every 1 second since January 1, 2006.<br /> <br /> == Components ==<br /> A list of the current DAX companies, as of the quarterly review effective on 24 September 2012.<br /> <br /> [[File:Boerse Frankfurt inside.jpg|thumb|DAX 30 chart in the Frankfurt Stock Exchange.]]<br /> [[File:72571483 dd24f0e5f6.jpg|thumb|A display of Adidas shoes.]]<br /> [[File:BMW Z4 M 1.jpg|thumb|A [[BMW Z4]].]]<br /> [[File:Real wuerzburg.jpg|thumb|Inside a branch of Metro's [[Real (hypermarket)|Real]] hypermarket chain in [[Würzburg]].]]<br /> [[File:Rwegewerbegebiet.jpg|thumb|The RWE-owned [[Niederaussem Power Station]].]]<br /> [[File:Dax-Unternehmen Maerz 2009 english.png|thumb|The headquarters of the DAX companies.]]<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; font-size: 100%;&quot; cellpadding=2 cellspacing=2<br /> |-<br /> ! Company !! [[Prime Standard]] industry group !! Ticker symbol !! Index weighting (%){{ref|1|1}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[Adidas]] || clothing and footwear || {{FWB link|ADS}} || 2.04<br /> |-<br /> | [[Allianz]] || insurance || {{FWB link|ALV}} || 6.66<br /> |-<br /> | [[BASF]] || speciality chemicals || {{FWB link|BAS}} || 9.62<br /> |-<br /> | [[Bayer]] || speciality chemicals || {{FWB link|BAYN}} || 7.55<br /> |-<br /> | [[Beiersdorf]] || personal products || {{FWB link|BEI}} || 0.86<br /> |-<br /> | [[BMW]] || automobile manufacturers || {{FWB link|BMW}} || 3.26<br /> |-<br /> | [[Commerzbank]] || credit banks || {{FWB link|CBK}} || 1.01<br /> |-<br /> | [[Continental AG|Continental]] || car parts manufacturers || {{FWB link|CON}} || 0.79<br /> |-<br /> | [[Daimler AG|Daimler]] || automobile manufacturers || {{FWB link|DAI}} || 5.77<br /> |-<br /> | [[Deutsche Bank]] || credit banks || {{FWB link|DBK}} || 5.05<br /> |-<br /> | [[Deutsche Börse]] || securities brokers || {{FWB link|DB1}} || 1.47<br /> |- <br /> | [[Lufthansa|Deutsche Lufthansa]] || airlines || {{FWB link|LHA}} || 0.83<br /> |-<br /> | [[Deutsche Post]] || logistics || {{FWB link|DPW}} || 1.90<br /> |-<br /> | [[Deutsche Telekom]] || fixed-line telecommunication || {{FWB link|DTE}} || 5.38<br /> |-<br /> | [[E.ON]] || multi-utilities || {{FWB link|EOAN}} || 6.24<br /> |-<br /> | [[Fresenius SE|Fresenius]] || health care || {{FWB link|FRE}} || 1.63<br /> |-<br /> | [[Fresenius Medical Care]] || health care || {{FWB link|FME}} || 2.16<br /> |-<br /> | [[HeidelbergCement]] || building materials || {{FWB link|HEI}} || 0.86<br /> |-<br /> | [[Henkel]] || personal products || {{FWB link|HEN3}} || 1.53<br /> |-<br /> | [[Infineon Technologies]] || semiconductors || {{FWB link|IFX}} || 1.27<br /> |-<br /> | [[K+S]] || commodity chemicals || {{FWB link|SDF}} || 1.18<br /> |-<br /> | [[Lanxess]] || specialty chemicals || {{FWB link|LXS}} || 0.73<br /> |-<br /> | [[The Linde Group|Linde]] || industrial gases || {{FWB link|LIN}} || 3.81<br /> |-<br /> | [[Merck KGaA|Merck]] || pharmaceuticals || {{FWB link|MRK}} || 0.97<br /> |-<br /> | [[Munich Re]] || re-insurance || {{FWB link|MUV2}} || 2.92<br /> |-<br /> | [[RWE]] || multi-utilities || {{FWB link|RWE}} || 2.19<br /> |-<br /> | [[SAP AG|SAP]] || software || {{FWB link|SAP}} || 7.70<br /> |-<br /> | [[Siemens]] || diversified industrials || {{FWB link|SIE}} || 9.96<br /> |-<br /> | [[ThyssenKrupp]] || diversified industrials || {{FWB link|TKA}} || 1.33<br /> |-<br /> | [[Volkswagen Group]] || automobile manufacturers || {{FWB link|VOW3}} || 3.36<br /> |}<br /> <br /> &lt;small&gt;{{note|1|Note 1}}: Weightings accurate on 24 September 2012. Source: [http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/DAX]].&lt;/small&gt;<br /> <br /> == Former components of DAX ==<br /> <br /> Following table lists the former components of DAX and the ones replaced them.<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> !bgcolor=&quot;silver&quot;|Date<br /> !bgcolor=&quot;silver&quot;|Component excluded<br /> !bgcolor=&quot;silver&quot;|Component included<br /> !bgcolor=&quot;silver&quot;|Reason for exclusion/ ''Comments''<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=2|03.09.1990<br /> |Feldmühle Nobel<br /> |[[Metallgesellschaft]]<br /> |Takeover of Feldmühle Nobel by [[Stora Enso]]<br /> |-<br /> |Nixdorf Germany<br /> |[[Preussag]] ''(now [[TUI]]{{Disambiguation needed|date=March 2012}})''<br /> |Merged with Siemens to form [[Siemens-Nixdorf]]<br /> |-<br /> |18.09.1995<br /> |Deutsche Babcock<br /> |[[SAP AG|SAP]]<br /> |Replaced by SAP because of lower market capitalisation<br /> |-<br /> |22.07.1996<br /> |Kaufhof<br /> |[[Metro AG|METRO]]<br /> |Merger of Kaufhof and Metro Cash &amp; Carry<br /> |-<br /> |23.09.1996<br /> |Continental<br /> |[[Münchener Rück]]<br /> |''Continental was added back to the DAX on 22 September 2003, though it was demoted again in 2008 and added back again in 2012''<br /> |-<br /> |18.11.1996<br /> |Metallgesellschaft<br /> |[[Deutsche Telekom]]<br /> |IPO of Deutsche Telekom<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|22.06.1998<br /> |Bayerische&amp;nbsp;Hypotheken-&lt;br /&gt;und&amp;nbsp;Wechselbank<br /> |[[adidas]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|Merger of Vereinsbank and Hypobank to form HypoVereinsbank<br /> |-<br /> |Bayerische Vereinsbank<br /> |[[HypoVereinsbank]]<br /> |-<br /> |21.12.1998<br /> |Daimler-Benz<br /> |DaimlerChrysler &lt;br/&gt;''(now [[Daimler AG|Daimler]])''<br /> |Merger of Daimler-Benz with [[Chrysler]]<br /> |-<br /> |22.03.1999<br /> |Degussa<br /> |Degussa-Hüls<br /> |Merger of Degussa AG with [[Hüls AG]] and renaming to Degussa-Hüls AG<br /> |-<br /> |25.03.1999<br /> |Thyssen<br /> |[[ThyssenKrupp]]<br /> |Merger of Thyssen and [[Friedrich Krupp AG|Krupp]]<br /> |-<br /> |20.09.1999<br /> |Hoechst<br /> |[[Fresenius Medical Care|Fresenius&amp;nbsp;Medical&amp;nbsp;Care]]<br /> |Merger of Hoechst and [[Rhône-Poulenc]] with [[Aventis]]<br /> |-<br /> |14.02.2000<br /> |Mannesmann<br /> |[[Epcos]]<br /> |Takeover of Mannesmann by [[Vodafone]]<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|19.06.2000<br /> |Veba<br /> |[[E.ON]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;|Merger of Veba and Viag to form E.ON<br /> |-<br /> |VIAG<br /> |[[Infineon]]<br /> |-<br /> |18.12.2000<br /> |Degussa-Hüls<br /> |Degussa<br /> |Merger of Degussa-Hüls AG and SKW Trostberg AG to new Degussa AG<br /> |-<br /> |19.03.2001<br /> |KarstadtQuelle<br /> |[[Deutsche Post]]<br /> |IPO of Deutsche Post<br /> |-<br /> |23.07.2001<br /> |Dresdner Bank<br /> |[[MLP AG|MLP Vz.]]<br /> |Takeover of Dresdner Bank by Allianz<br /> |-<br /> |23.09.2002<br /> |Degussa<br /> |[[Altana]]<br /> |Inadequate market capitalisation<br /> |-<br /> |23.12.2002<br /> |Epcos<br /> |[[Deutsche Börse]]<br /> |Fast-exit of Epcos, as Epcos' market capitalisation became inadequate.&lt;ref&gt;Deutsche Börse: [http://deutsche-boerse.com/dbag/dispatch/de/notescontent/gdb_navigation/press/10_Latest_Press_Releases/10_All/INTEGRATE/mr_pressreleases?notesDoc=92B7DA7B354D09EAC12573D5004E4579&amp;newstitle=deutscheboerseabdem23.dezember&amp;location=press Deutsche Börse ab dem 23. Dezember im DAX] Pressemitteilung, 12. November 2002&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> |-<br /> |22.09.2003<br /> |MLP <br /> |Continental<br /> |Inadequate free float and market capitalisation.<br /> |-<br /> |31.01.2005<br /> |<br /> |[[Lanxess]]<br /> |rowspan=2 | Lanxess was spun off from Bayer. In 2012 Lanxess was added back in DAX again.<br /> |-<br /> |01.02.2005<br /> |Lanxess<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |19.12.2005<br /> |HypoVereinsbank<br /> |[[Hypo Real Estate]]<br /> |Takeover of HypoVereinsbank by [[UniCredit]]<br /> |-<br /> |18.09.2006<br /> |Schering<br /> |[[Deutsche Postbank|Postbank]]<br /> |Takeover of Schering by Bayer<br /> |-<br /> |18.06.2007<br /> |Altana<br /> |[[Merck KGaA|Merck]]<br /> |After the sale of [[Nycomed]], inadequate market capitalisation&lt;ref&gt;Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung: [http://www.faz.net/s/RubC8BA5576CDEE4A05AF8DFEC92E288D64/Doc~E3978D7E828BC40709D96F5A2B3076A86~ATpl~Ecommon~Scontent.html Merck ersetzt Altana im DAX]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |22.09.2008<br /> |TUI<br /> |[[K+S]]<br /> |Fast-entry of K+S, inadequate market capitalisation of TUI&lt;ref&gt;Deutsche Börse: [http://deutsche-boerse.com/dbag/dispatch/de/notescontent/gdb_navigation/press/10_Latest_Press_Releases/INTEGRATE/mr_pressreleases?notesDoc=B34593A00B1F173CC12574B900704103&amp;newstitle=k+sersetzttuiindax&amp;location=press K+S ersetzt TUI in DAX] Pressemitteilung, 3rd September 2008&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> |-<br /> |22.12.2008<br /> |Continental<br /> |[[Beiersdorf AG|Beiersdorf]]<br /> |Fast-exit of Continental because of inadequate free-float market capitalisation after the acquisition by [[Schaeffler Group]]<br /> |-<br /> |22.12.2008<br /> |Hypo Real Estate<br /> |[[Salzgitter AG|Salzgitter]]<br /> |Fast-exit of Hypo Real Estate because of inadequate free-float market capitalisation after a stake by American investor [[JC Flowers]], as well as huge decline in market capitalisation during the [[Financial crisis of 2007–2010]]<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=2 |23.03.2009<br /> |Deutsche Postbank<br /> |[[Hannover Re]]<br /> |rowspan=2 |Fast-exit due to inadequate market capitalisation&lt;ref&gt;Deutsche Börse: [http://deutsche-boerse.com/dbag/dispatch/de/notescontent/gdb_navigation/press/10_Latest_Press_Releases/10_All/INTEGRATE/mr_pressreleases?notesDoc=C1FE03E5595BB30DC125757D00270C0D&amp;newstitle=vorlaeufigeszenariorechnungfue&amp;location=press] Pressemitteilung, 18th March 2009&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |Infineon Technologies<br /> |Fresenius Vz<br /> |-<br /> |21.09.2009<br /> |Hannover Re<br /> |Infineon Technologies<br /> |Inadequate market capitalisation<br /> |-<br /> |21.06.2010<br /> |Salzgitter<br /> |[[HeidelbergCement]]<br /> |Inadequate market capitalisation<br /> |-<br /> |24.09.2012<br /> |MAN<br /> |Continental<br /> |Inadequate free-float capitalisation after acquisition by Volkswagen<br /> |-<br /> |24.09.2012<br /> |Metro<br /> |Lanxess<br /> |Inadequate market capitalisation<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == See also ==<br /> * [[CDAX]]<br /> * [[HDAX]]<br /> * [[MDAX]]<br /> * [[SDAX]]<br /> * [[TecDAX]]<br /> * [[ÖkoDAX]]<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> == External links ==<br /> * [http://deutsche-boerse.com/dbag/dispatch/en/isg/gdb_navigation/private_investors/20_Equities/20_Indices/10_DAX?module=InOverview_Index&amp;wp=DE0008469008&amp;wplist=DE0008469008&amp;foldertype=_Index DAX homepage]<br /> * [http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/quote?ticker=DAX:IND Bloomberg page for DAX:IND]<br /> * [http://www.dax-prognose.de/ DAX Fourier Components]<br /> * [[Wikinvest:Deutscher Aktien Index 30|DAX 30 Profle at Wikinvest]]<br /> <br /> {{DAX companies}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:German stock market indices]]<br /> [[Category:Companies listed on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange| ]]<br /> <br /> [[af:DAX]]<br /> [[ar:داكس 30]]<br /> [[az:DAX]]<br /> [[ca:DAX]]<br /> [[cy:DAX]]<br /> [[da:DAX]]<br /> [[de:DAX]]<br /> [[es:DAX]]<br /> [[fr:DAX]]<br /> [[ko:DAX]]<br /> [[hr:DAX]]<br /> [[id:DAX]]<br /> [[is:DAX]]<br /> [[it:DAX 30]]<br /> [[la:DAX]]<br /> [[lt:DAX]]<br /> [[hu:DAX]]<br /> [[nl:DAX-index]]<br /> [[ja:ドイツ株価指数]]<br /> [[no:DAX]]<br /> [[pl:DAX]]<br /> [[pt:DAX-30]]<br /> [[ro:DAX (indice)]]<br /> [[ru:DAX]]<br /> [[simple:DAX]]<br /> [[fi:DAX-indeksi]]<br /> [[sv:Deutscher Aktienindex]]<br /> [[tr:DAX]]<br /> [[vi:DAX]]<br /> [[zh:德国DAX指数]]</div> Tulumino https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MDAX&diff=537276555 MDAX 2013-02-08T20:16:03Z <p>Tulumino: /* Companies */ Talanx came in December</p> <hr /> <div>{{Infobox Index<br /> |name = MDAX<br /> |logo = [[Image:MDAX.svg|220px]]<br /> |foundation = 19 January 1996<br /> |operator = [[Deutsche Börse]]<br /> |exchanges = [[Frankfurt Stock Exchange]]<br /> |constituents = 50<br /> |cap_level = Mid-cap, non-technology sectors<br /> |mcap = [[Euro|€]]42.9 billion &lt;small&gt;(end 2008)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://deutsche-boerse.com/INTERNET/IP/ip_stats.nsf/(KIR+Kennzahlen+MDAX+E)/686C772B4DBFBD4AC125752F00626E72/$FILE/MDAX_Weighting_File.20081230.xls?OpenElement|title=MDAX Weighting 30.12.2008|date=30 December 2008|publisher=[[Deutsche Börse]]|accessdate=2009-03-21}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |weighting = [[Market value-weighted index|Market value-weighted]]<br /> |related = [[DAX]], [[TecDAX]], [[SDAX]]<br /> |homepage = [http://deutsche-boerse.com/dbag/dispatch/en/kir/gdb_navigation/home?wp=DE0008467416 MDAX homepage]<br /> }}<br /> <br /> The '''MDAX''' is a stock index which lists German companies. The index is calculated by [[Deutsche Börse]].<br /> <br /> It includes the 50 [[Prime Standard]] shares from sectors excluding [[technology]] that rank immediately below the companies included in the [[DAX]] index. The company size is based on terms of [[order book]] volume and [[market capitalization]].<br /> <br /> The index is based on prices generated in the electronic trading system [[Xetra (trading system)|Xetra]].<br /> <br /> ==Companies==<br /> The following 50 companies make up the index as of the quarterly review effective on 12 December 2012.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Unscheduled component change in MDAX |url=http://dax-indices.com/EN/index.aspx?pageID=21&amp;NewsID=1241|publisher=[[Deutsche Börse]]|accessdate=8 February 2013|date=7 December 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> *[[Aareal Bank]]<br /> *[[Aurubis]]<br /> *[[Axel Springer AG|Axel Springer]]<br /> *[[BayWa]]<br /> *[[Bilfinger Berger]]<br /> *[[Brenntag]]<br /> *[[Celesio]]<br /> *[[Deutsche EuroShop]]<br /> *[[Deutsche Wohnen]]<br /> *[[Dürr AG|Dürr]]<br /> *[[EADS]]<br /> *[[ElringKlinger]]<br /> *[[Fielmann]]<br /> *[[Fraport]]<br /> *[[Fuchs Petrolub]]<br /> *[[GAGFAH]]<br /> *[[GEA Group]]<br /> *[[Gerresheimer]]<br /> *[[Gerry Weber International]]<br /> *[[Gildemeister AG|Gildemeister]]<br /> *[[GSW Immobilien]]<br /> *[[Hannover Re]]<br /> *[[HHLA]]<br /> *[[Hochtief]]<br /> *[[Hugo Boss]]<br /> *[[Kabel Deutschland]]<br /> *[[Klöckner]]<br /> *[[Krones]]<br /> *[[KUKA]]<br /> *[[Leoni AG|Leoni]]<br /> *[[MAN SE|MAN]]<br /> *[[Metro AG|Metro]]<br /> *[[MTU Aero Engines|MTU]]<br /> *[[ProSiebenSat.1 Media]]<br /> *[[Puma SE|Puma]]<br /> *[[Rational AG|Rational]]<br /> *[[Rheinmetall]]<br /> *[[Rhön-Klinikum]]<br /> *[[SGL Carbon]]<br /> *[[Salzgitter AG|Salzgitter]]<br /> *[[Sky Deutschland]]<br /> *[[Stada Arzneimittel|Stada]]<br /> *[[Südzucker]]<br /> *[[Symrise]]<br /> *[[TAG Tegernsee Immobilien und Beteiligung|TAG]]<br /> *[[Talanx]]<br /> *[[TUI AG|TUI]]<br /> *[[Vossloh]]<br /> *[[Wacker Chemie]]<br /> *[[Wincor Nixdorf]]<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[DAX]]<br /> * [[SDAX]]<br /> * [[TecDAX]]<br /> * [[ÖkoDAX]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> *[http://deutsche-boerse.com/dbag/dispatch/en/kir/gdb_navigation/home?wp=DE0008467416 MDAX]<br /> <br /> {{MDAX companies}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:German stock market indices]]<br /> [[Category:Companies listed on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange| ]]<br /> <br /> [[de:MDAX]]<br /> [[es:MDAX]]<br /> [[fr:MDAX]]<br /> [[it:MDAX]]<br /> [[nl:MDAX]]<br /> [[no:MDAX]]<br /> [[pl:MDAX]]<br /> [[vi:MDAX]]</div> Tulumino https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MDAX&diff=537275217 MDAX 2013-02-08T20:06:48Z <p>Tulumino: /* Companies */ References adjusted</p> <hr /> <div>{{Infobox Index<br /> |name = MDAX<br /> |logo = [[Image:MDAX.svg|220px]]<br /> |foundation = 19 January 1996<br /> |operator = [[Deutsche Börse]]<br /> |exchanges = [[Frankfurt Stock Exchange]]<br /> |constituents = 50<br /> |cap_level = Mid-cap, non-technology sectors<br /> |mcap = [[Euro|€]]42.9 billion &lt;small&gt;(end 2008)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://deutsche-boerse.com/INTERNET/IP/ip_stats.nsf/(KIR+Kennzahlen+MDAX+E)/686C772B4DBFBD4AC125752F00626E72/$FILE/MDAX_Weighting_File.20081230.xls?OpenElement|title=MDAX Weighting 30.12.2008|date=30 December 2008|publisher=[[Deutsche Börse]]|accessdate=2009-03-21}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |weighting = [[Market value-weighted index|Market value-weighted]]<br /> |related = [[DAX]], [[TecDAX]], [[SDAX]]<br /> |homepage = [http://deutsche-boerse.com/dbag/dispatch/en/kir/gdb_navigation/home?wp=DE0008467416 MDAX homepage]<br /> }}<br /> <br /> The '''MDAX''' is a stock index which lists German companies. The index is calculated by [[Deutsche Börse]].<br /> <br /> It includes the 50 [[Prime Standard]] shares from sectors excluding [[technology]] that rank immediately below the companies included in the [[DAX]] index. The company size is based on terms of [[order book]] volume and [[market capitalization]].<br /> <br /> The index is based on prices generated in the electronic trading system [[Xetra (trading system)|Xetra]].<br /> <br /> ==Companies==<br /> The following 50 companies make up the index as of the quarterly review effective on 24 September 2012.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Continental and Lanxess to be included in DAX |url=http://dax-indices.com/EN/index.aspx?pageID=21&amp;NewsID=1191|publisher=[[Deutsche Börse]]|accessdate=8 February 2013|date=5 September 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; The index was left unchanged at the quarterly review of December 2012.<br /> <br /> *[[Aareal Bank]]<br /> *[[Aurubis]]<br /> *[[Axel Springer AG|Axel Springer]]<br /> *[[BayWa]]<br /> *[[Bilfinger Berger]]<br /> *[[Brenntag]]<br /> *[[Celesio]]<br /> *[[Deutsche EuroShop]]<br /> *[[Deutsche Wohnen]]<br /> *[[Dürr AG|Dürr]]<br /> *[[EADS]]<br /> *[[ElringKlinger]]<br /> *[[Fielmann]]<br /> *[[Fraport]]<br /> *[[Fuchs Petrolub]]<br /> *[[GAGFAH]]<br /> *[[GEA Group]]<br /> *[[Gerresheimer]]<br /> *[[Gerry Weber International]]<br /> *[[Gildemeister AG|Gildemeister]]<br /> *[[GSW Immobilien]]<br /> *[[Hannover Re]]<br /> *[[HHLA]]<br /> *[[Hochtief]]<br /> *[[Hugo Boss]]<br /> *[[Kabel Deutschland]]<br /> *[[Klöckner]]<br /> *[[Krones]]<br /> *[[KUKA]]<br /> *[[Leoni AG|Leoni]]<br /> *[[MAN SE|MAN]]<br /> *[[Metro AG|Metro]]<br /> *[[MTU Aero Engines|MTU]]<br /> *[[ProSiebenSat.1 Media]]<br /> *[[Puma SE|Puma]]<br /> *[[Rational AG|Rational]]<br /> *[[Rheinmetall]]<br /> *[[Rhön-Klinikum]]<br /> *[[SGL Carbon]]<br /> *[[Salzgitter AG|Salzgitter]]<br /> *[[Sky Deutschland]]<br /> *[[Stada Arzneimittel|Stada]]<br /> *[[Südzucker]]<br /> *[[Symrise]]<br /> *[[TAG Tegernsee Immobilien und Beteiligung|TAG]]<br /> *[[Talanx]]<br /> *[[TUI AG|TUI]]<br /> *[[Vossloh]]<br /> *[[Wacker Chemie]]<br /> *[[Wincor Nixdorf]]<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[DAX]]<br /> * [[SDAX]]<br /> * [[TecDAX]]<br /> * [[ÖkoDAX]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> *[http://deutsche-boerse.com/dbag/dispatch/en/kir/gdb_navigation/home?wp=DE0008467416 MDAX]<br /> <br /> {{MDAX companies}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:German stock market indices]]<br /> [[Category:Companies listed on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange| ]]<br /> <br /> [[de:MDAX]]<br /> [[es:MDAX]]<br /> [[fr:MDAX]]<br /> [[it:MDAX]]<br /> [[nl:MDAX]]<br /> [[no:MDAX]]<br /> [[pl:MDAX]]<br /> [[vi:MDAX]]</div> Tulumino https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ludwigshafen&diff=537129004 Ludwigshafen 2013-02-07T23:14:32Z <p>Tulumino: /* Industry and growth of population */ WL</p> <hr /> <div>:''For Ludwigshafen am Bodensee, see [[Bodman-Ludwigshafen]].''<br /> {{POV-check|date=August 2008}}<br /> {{Infobox German Location<br /> |Art = Stadt<br /> |Name = Ludwigshafen am Rhein<br /> |image_photo = Hauptbahnhof Ludwigshafen mit Pylon.jpg<br /> |imagesize = &lt;!-- Photo size. Default is 250px --&gt;<br /> |image_caption = Railway station with elevated highway in background<br /> |Wappen = Wappen Ludwigshafen.svg<br /> |lat_deg = 49 | lat_min = 28 | lat_sec = 52<br /> |lon_deg = 8 | lon_min = 26 | lon_sec = 07<br /> |Lageplan = <br /> |Lageplanbeschreibung = <br /> |Bundesland = Rheinland-Pfalz<br /> |Landkreis = Kreisfreie Stadt<br /> |Höhe = 96<br /> |Fläche = 77.68<br /> |Einwohner = 163560 &lt;!-- Quelle: Statistisches Landesamt R-P. (keine anderen Quellen!) --&gt;<br /> |Stand = 2006-12-31<br /> |PLZ = 67059 - 67071<br /> |PLZ-alt = 6700<br /> |Vorwahl = 0621, 06237<br /> |Kfz = LU<br /> |Gemeindeschlüssel = 07 3 14 000<br /> |NUTS =<br /> |LOCODE =<br /> |Gliederung = 10 districts<br /> |Adresse = Rathausplatz 20&lt;br /&gt;67059 Ludwigshafen am Rhein<br /> |Website = [http://www.ludwigshafen.de www.ludwigshafen.de]<br /> |Bürgermeister = Eva Lohse<br /> |Bürgermeistertitel = Oberbürgermeisterin<br /> |Partei = CDU<br /> }}<br /> '''Ludwigshafen am Rhein''' ({{IPA-de|ˈluːdvɪçsˌhafn̩ am ʁaɪ̯n}}) is a [[city]] in [[Rhineland-Palatinate]], [[Germany]]. It is located on the [[Rhine]] river opposite [[Mannheim]]. With Mannheim, [[Heidelberg]] and the surrounding region, it forms the [[Rhine Neckar Area]].<br /> <br /> Known primarily as an industrial city, Ludwigshafen is the home of chemical giant [[BASF]], as well as other companies. Among its cultural facilities are the [[Staatsphilharmonie Rheinland-Pfalz]]. It is the birthplace of the former [[Germany|German]] [[chancellor]] [[Helmut Kohl]] and the philosopher [[Ernst Bloch]].<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> <br /> ===Early history===<br /> In [[ancient history|antiquity]], [[Celt]]ic and [[Germanic peoples|Germanic]] tribes settled in the Rhine Neckar area. During the 1st century B.C. the [[Ancient Rome|Romans]] conquered the region, and a Roman [[Auxiliaries (Roman military)|auxiliary]] fort was constructed near the present suburb of Rheingönheim.<br /> <br /> The [[Middle Ages]] saw the foundation of some of Ludwigshafen's future suburbs, including [[Oggersheim]], Maudach, [[Oppau]] and Mundenheim; most of the area, however, remained swampland, its development hindered by seasonal flooding of the Rhine river.<br /> <br /> ===The Rheinschanze===<br /> [[Image:RheinschanzeMannheim.jpg|thumb|Rheinschanze c. 1750]]<br /> The Rhine Neckar region was part of the territory of the [[Prince-elector]] of the ''Kurpfalz'', or [[Electorate of the Palatinate]], one of the larger states within the [[Holy Roman Empire]]. The foundation of the new capital of the Kurpfalz, Mannheim, was a decisive influence on the development of the area as a whole. Parallel to the foundation of Mannheim in 1606, a fortress (''die Rheinschanze'') was built by [[Frederick IV, Elector Palatine]] on the other side of the River Rhine to protect the City of Mannheim, thus forming the nucleus of the city of Ludwigshafen itself.<br /> <br /> In the 17th century the region was devastated and depopulated during the [[Thirty Years' War]], and also in King [[Louis XIV of France]]´s wars of conquest in the later part of the century.<br /> <br /> It was only in the 18th century that the settlements around the Rheinschanze began to prosper, profiting from the proximity of the capital Mannheim. Oggersheim in particular gained some importance, after the construction of both a small palace serving as secondary residence for the Elector, and the famous pilgrimage church, [[Wallfahrtskirche]]. For some weeks in 1782, the great German writer and playwright [[Friedrich Schiller]] lived in Oggersheim, on flight from his native [[Württemberg]]).<br /> <br /> War returned to the Ludwigshafen area with the armies of the [[French Revolution]]. The palace at Oggersheim was burned down, Mannheim besieged several times, and all the area west of the Rhine annexed by [[France]] from 1798 to 1813. The [[Electorate of the Palatinate]] was split up. The eastern bank of the Rhine with Mannheim and [[Heidelberg]] was given to [[Baden]], while the western bank (including the Ludwigshafen area) was granted to [[Bavaria]], following the [[War of the Sixth Coalition|Wars of Liberation]] (1813-1815), in which the French were expelled. The Rhine had become a frontier and the Rheinschanze, cut off politically from Mannheim, lost its function as the neighbouring city's military bulwark.<br /> <br /> ===Foundation of Ludwigshafen===<br /> [[Image:Ludwig I..jpg|thumb|[[Ludwig I of Bavaria]]]]<br /> In 1808, during the French occupation, Carl Hornig of Mannheim had purchased the fortress from the French authorities and turned it into a way station for passing river traffic. Later, the Rheinschanze with its winter-proof harbour basin (created by a flood in 1824) was used as trading post. Hornig died in 1819, but [[Johann Heinrich Scharpff]], a businessman from [[Speyer]], continued Hornig's plans, which were then turned over to his son-in-law, [[Philipp Markus Lichtenberger]], in 1830. Their activities marked the beginning of the civilian use of the Rheinschanze.<br /> <br /> The year 1844 was the official birth of Ludwigshafen, when Lichtenberger sold this property to the state of Bavaria (Bayern), and the military title of the fortress was finally removed. The Bavarian king, [[Ludwig I]], set forth plans to rename the settlement after himself and to start construction of an urban area as a Bavarian rival to Mannheim on the opposite bank.<br /> <br /> During the failed German revolution of 1848 rebels captured Ludwigshafen, but they were bombarded from Mannheim (rumours said the Mannheimers didn't aim at the revolutionaries, but on the rival harbour's infrastructure), and [[Kingdom of Prussia|Prussian]] troops quickly expelled the revolutionaries. On December 27, 1852, [[Maximilian II of Bavaria|King Maximilian II]] granted Ludwigshafen am Rhein political freedom and as on November 8, 1859, the settlement gained town status.<br /> <br /> ===Industry and growth of population===<br /> [[Image:BASF Werk Ludwigshafen 1866.JPG|thumb|BASF, 1866]]<br /> At its founding Ludwigshafen was still a very modest settlement with just 1,500 inhabitants. Real growth began with [[industrialization]], and gained enormous momentum in Ludwigshafen due to its ideal transport facilities. In addition to its excellent position and harbor facilities on the Rhine, a railway connecting Ludwigshafen with the [[Saar (river)|Saar]] coalfields was completed in 1849.<br /> <br /> The year 1865 was an important date in the history of independent Ludwigshafen. After several discussions, [[BASF]] decided to move its factories from Mannheim to the [[Hemshof]] district, which belonged to Ludwigshafen. From then on, the city's rapid growth and wealth were linked to BASF's success and its expansion into becoming one of the world's most important chemical companies.<br /> In addition to BASF, Ludwigshafen became home to several other rapidly growing chemical companies, including [[Friedrich Raschig]] GmbH, the [[Reckitt Benckiser#Benckiser|Benckiser]] company (founded by Johann Benckiser), Giulini Brothers, Grünzweig&amp;Hartmann AG, and the Knoll AG.<br /> <br /> With more jobs available, the population of Ludwigshafen increased rapidly. In 1899 the city was governing more than 62,000 residents (compared to 1,500 in 1852).<br /> <br /> This population explosion looked quite “[[United States|American]]” to contemporaries; it determined Ludwigshafen's character as a “worker's town”, and created problematic shortages of housing and real estate. The solution was the expansion of the municipal area and the incorporation of the two nearest villages, [[Friesenheim, Rhineland-Palatinate|Friesenheim]] and Mundenheim, in the years 1892 and 1899. In the area between the town centre and those two suburbs new quarters (“North” and “South”) were built after (then) modern urban development plans. Because the ground was marshy and too low to be protected from Rhine floods, all the new houses were built on raised ground, sometimes as high as 5 meters above the original ground. Visitors can see the original ground level in many backyards of Ludwigshafen, which are sometimes two floors below street level.<br /> <br /> {|<br /> |+ '''Population of Ludwigshafen'''<br /> | <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; border=&quot;1&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Year<br /> |Population total<br /> |-<br /> ! 1840<br /> |ca. 90<br /> |-<br /> ! 1848<br /> |ca. 600<br /> |-<br /> ! 1852<br /> |ca. 1,400<br /> |-<br /> ! 1858<br /> |ca. 2,800<br /> |-<br /> ! 1871<br /> |ca. 7,900<br /> |-<br /> ! 1885<br /> |ca. 21,000<br /> |-<br /> ! 1895<br /> |ca. 40,000<br /> |-<br /> ! 1900<br /> |ca. 62,000<br /> |-<br /> ! 1914<br /> |ca. 94,000<br /> |-<br /> ! 1925<br /> |ca. 102,000<br /> |-<br /> ! 1939<br /> |ca. 144,000<br /> |-<br /> ! 1945<br /> |ca. 61,000<br /> |-<br /> ! 1950<br /> |ca. 124,000<br /> |-<br /> ! 1956<br /> |ca. 147,000<br /> |-<br /> ! 1970<br /> |ca. 180,000<br /> |-<br /> ! 1985<br /> |ca. 161,000<br /> |-<br /> ! 1995<br /> |ca. 171,000<br /> |-<br /> ! 2000<br /> |ca. 165,000<br /> |-<br /> ! 2004<br /> |ca. 166,000<br /> |-<br /> ! 2006<br /> |ca. 163,000<br /> |}<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===World War I through World War II===<br /> During [[World War I]] (1914-1918), Ludwigshafen's industrial plants played a key role in Germany's war economy, producing chemical ingredients for munitions, as well as much of the [[poison gas]] used on the [[Western Front (World War I)|Western Front]]. This contributed to Ludwigshafen having the dubious honour, on May 27, 1915, of being the target of the world's first strategic aerial bombardment. French aircraft attacked the BASF plants, killing twelve people and setting the precedent for the age to come.<br /> <br /> When the war was lost by Germany in 1918, the left bank of the Rhine was occupied by French troops, in accordance with the terms of the peace agreement. The French occupation lasted until 1930, and some of Ludwigshafen's most elegant houses were erected for the officers of the French garrison.<br /> <br /> The economic recovery of the 1920s was marred by one of the worst [[Oppau explosion|industrial explosion]]s in history when, on Sept. 21, 1921, a BASF storage silo in Oppau blew up, killing more than 500 people, injuring a further 2,000, and destroying countless buildings.<br /> <br /> Despite this setback, Ludwigshafen reached a population of 100,000 in 1922, thus gaining “[[town privileges|City]]” status. It prospered until the worldwide economic crisis of 1929, which brought unemployment, labor trouble, political strife, and the rise of the [[Nazis]].<br /> <br /> Initially, the Nazi party had few followers and votes in working-class-dominated Ludwigshafen, but after 1933, when they had come to power in Germany, the Nazis succeeded in enforcing their policies in Ludwigshafen. The Ludwigshafen [[synagogue]] was destroyed in 1938 and its [[Jewish]] population of 1,400 &lt;ref&gt;''[[Where Once We Walked]]'', first edition, p. 194&lt;/ref&gt; was deported in 1940.<br /> <br /> The Nazis also interfered with Ludwigshafen's development as city. According to their ideology, many small houses with gardens were built, especially in the [[Gartenstadt]]. Further, similar to Nazi plans in other cities (e.g. [[Hamburg]]), they aimed at creating a ”Greater Ludwigshafen” by agglomerating smaller towns and villages in the vicinity. Thus Oggersheim, Oppau, [[Edigheim]], Rheingönheim, and Maudach became suburbs of Ludwigshafen, raising its population to 135,000.<br /> <br /> During the [[Oil Campaign of World War II]], the Allies conducted [[Bombing of Ludwigshafen and Oppau in World War II|bombing of Ludwigshafen and Oppau]]. Thirteen thousand Allied bombers hit the city in 121 separate raids during the war, of which 56 succeeded in hitting the Farben plant. Those 56 raids dropped 53,000 bombs each containing 250 to 4,000 pounds of high explosives, plus 2.5 million 4-pound magnesium incendiary bombs. (The bombers also dropped millions of leaflets warning the civilians to evacuate the city, plus counterfeit ration coupons.) Repairs took longer and longer as spare parts became more difficult to find. By December 1944, so much damage had been done to vital utilities that output dropped to nearly zero. Follow-up raids every week ended production permanently. By war's end most dwellings were destroyed or damaged; 1,800 people had died, and 3,000 were injured.&lt;ref&gt;United States Strategic Bombing Survey, Physical Damage Division, &quot;IG Farbenindustrie Ludwigshafen, Germany,&quot; vol. I, 2nd ed. (April 1947)&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The Allied ground advance into Germany reached Ludwigshafen in March 1945. The US [[12th Armored Division (United States)|12th Armored Division]] and [[94th Infantry Division (United States)|94th Infantry Division]] captured Ludwigshafen against determined German resistance in house-to-house and block-to-block urban combat during 21–24 March 1945.&lt;ref&gt;Stanton, Shelby, ''World War II Order of Battle: An Encyclopedic Reference to U.S. Army Ground Forces from Battalion through Division, 1939-1946'', Stackpole Books (Revised Edition 2006), pp. 65, 170&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Post-war rebuilding===<br /> [[Post-war]], Ludwigshafen was part of the French occupation zone, becoming part of the newly founded [[States of Germany|Bundesland]] (state) of Rheinland-Pfalz and thus part of the [[Federal Republic of Germany]]. Reconstruction of the devastated city and revival of the economy was supported by the Allies, especially by American aid. In 1948, the “Pasadena Shares Committee” sent packages of blankets, clothing, food, and medicines to help the residents of post-war Ludwigshafen. Many friendships started to form, so that in 1956, Ludwigshafen am Rhein and [[Pasadena, California|Pasadena]], [[California]] became sister cities.<br /> <br /> Large parts of the city were literally ruined, but because the BASF soon made enormous profits again, the city administration was wealthy enough to rebuild Ludwigshafen according to the architectural taste of the 1950s and 1960s. The most important projects were the Hochstraßen (highways on stilts), the revolutionary new main station (then the most modern station in [[Europe]]), today almost closed and not connected with important railway traffic, several tower blocks and a whole new suburb, the satellite quarter [[Pfingstweide]] north of Edigheim.<br /> <br /> The city's trade tax profits also allowed a lot of social benefits and institutions to be introduced. Many other cities were jealous of Ludwigshafen's wealth and the population number reached its all-time climax in 1970 with more than 180,000 inhabitants, thus surpassing even the capital of Rheinland-Pfalz, [[Mainz]], for a while.<br /> <br /> ===Financial crisis===<br /> In the early 1970s, a plan to reform the composition of the German Bundesländer, which would have created a new state around a united Mannheim-Ludwigshafen as capital with more than half a million inhabitants, failed.<br /> <br /> Nevertheless, further ambitious projects were financed in Ludwigshafen, first of all the 15-floor city hall with its linked-up shopping centre ([[Rathaus Center]]). The last (up to now) new incorporated suburb was [[Ruchheim]] in 1974.<br /> <br /> But then a process began that accelerated during the 1980s and 1990s and caused the financial near-collapse of Ludwigshafen. The enormous maintenance costs of the buildings and institutions introduced during the “fat time”, new tax regulations that cut down the [[trade tax]] profits from the local industries, and thousands of dismissals in BASF were the main causes for the city's crisis. Loss of population due to the loss of working places and general economic trends, such as the oil crises, further worsened Ludwigshafen's financial situation at the end of the 20th century.<br /> <br /> The negative aspects of industrial success became obvious when examinations revealed the bad state of air and the Rhine due to [[pollution]]. There had always been some stench or dirt all over the city, caused by BASF and other plants, and as long as the industry had prospered, people had accepted it. Besides that, the concrete constructions that had been so modern after the war and had a formative influence on today's townscape were increasingly considered as obsolete.<br /> <br /> ===Contemporary Ludwigshafen===<br /> In recent years, many efforts have been made to enhance Ludwigshafen's image in the media. The city administration has cut down its deficit by cutting down social payments and maintenance, pollution has been (not least by BASF) restricted, the formerly rotten Hemshof quarter has been restored.<br /> <br /> In 2008, a fire broke out in a building where many ethnic Turks lived.&lt;ref&gt;http://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/0,1518,533293,00.html&lt;/ref&gt; 9 people died, all of them Turks and 5 of them children. It was believed to be an arsonist attack, however this was found to be not true.&lt;ref&gt;http://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/0,1518,538341,00.html&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> One of the most annoying faults of Ludwigshafen – at least for many of the city's inhabitants - was its comparative lack of high-quality shopping possibilities. It has attempted to repair this deficiency by creating a second large shopping mall on the southern tip of the city centre (the [[Walzmühle]] near [[Berliner Platz]]) with affiliated railway station ([[Ludwigshafen-Mitte]]). In addition, another shopping mall on the banks of the Rhine, the Rhein-Galerie, was completed in September 2010.<br /> <br /> Ludwigshafen has enormous importance as an industrial city.<br /> <br /> ==Districts==<br /> <br /> ===Center===<br /> &lt;gallery&gt;<br /> Image:Ludwigshafen Mitte.png|<br /> Image:Miro-Wand in Ludwigshafen 13.jpg|Wilhelm Hack Museum of Art. &quot;Miró-Wand&quot; mural (1971) by [[Joan Miró]], in collaboration with the Catalan ceramist Joan Gardy Artigas.<br /> Image:Ludwigshafen Pfalzbau Pfalzsäule 2005.jpg| Pfalzbau concert hall and theater. In the foreground: &quot;Pfalzsäule&quot; (Palatinate Column, 1968), by the Munich artist Blasius Spreng and the local artist Ernst W. Kunz.<br /> Image:Brunnen am Berliner Platz in Ludwigshafen.jpg|Berliner Platz. In the foreground: &quot;Conversation II&quot; (1999), kinetic sculpture by the American sculptor, [[George Rickey]].<br /> &lt;/gallery&gt;<br /> The city center of Ludwigshafen is comparatively small and dominated by post-war buildings. Its northern and southern boundaries are the Hochstraßen (highways on stilts), the Rhine is in the East and the [[Ludwigshafen (Rhein) Hauptbahnhof|main station]] is located in the West of downtown Ludwigshafen, at a walking distance of about 15 minutes from the central pedestrian precinct ''Bismarckstraße'' that forms, together with the shopping mile ''Ludwigsstraße'', the main North-South Axis, connecting the so-called “North Pole” with the Rathaus Center and the “South Pole” with Berliner Platz, the Walzmühle shopping centre and [[Ludwigshafen (Rhein) Mitte station]]. The main East-West connections are the ''Bahnhofsstraße'' and ''Kaiser-Wilhelm-Straße''. The Pfalzbau, Staatsphilharmonie, Wilhelm-Hack-Museum and the half-destroyed monument [[Lutherkirche]] are main features of downtown Ludwigshafen.<br /> <br /> ===South===<br /> &lt;gallery&gt;<br /> Image:Ludwigshafen Sued.png|position<br /> Image:Ludwigshafen Pegeluhr Norden.jpg|Pegeluhr<br /> Image:Ludwigshafen Parkinsel Luitpoldhafen.jpg|harbour<br /> Image:Suedwest Ludwigshafen Platz.jpg|Südwestplatz<br /> &lt;/gallery&gt;<br /> The ''Südliche Innenstadt'' or “southern city centre” (ca. 29,000 inhabitants) includes the real city center as described above and the ''Stadtteil Süd'' or “South” quarter. “South” has some of the most attractive residential areas, especially the ''Parkinsel'' area. Other sub-quarters of “South” are the ''Musikantenviertel'' or the ''Malerviertel''. In a few years, there will be one more highly prized residential area (“''Rheinufer Süd''”) on the River Rhine near the Walzmühle on former industrial estates.<br /> <br /> ===North===<br /> &lt;gallery&gt;<br /> Image:Ludwigshafen Hemshof.png|position<br /> Image:Europaplatz in Ludwigshafen.jpg|Europaplatz<br /> Image:RheinPfalzKreisLandratsamt.jpg|Landratsamt<br /> Image:Ludwigshafen Friesenheim Kllinikum Ring des Seyns2.jpg|Municipal Clinic (Städtisches Klinikum), with the sculpture &quot;Ring des Seyns&quot; (The Ring of Being, 1998) by the Japanese conceptual artist, Kazuo Katase.<br /> &lt;/gallery&gt;<br /> The ''Nördliche Innenstadt'' (ca. 22,000 inhabitants) includes the Hemshof, “North” and “West” districts. Hemshof and “North” represent the “old town” of Ludwigshafen, they are known for their very high proportion of foreign inhabitants, making them culturally diverse and “colourful”. ”West” (also called ''Valentin-Bauer-Siedlung'') is located between main station and main cemetery.<br /> <br /> ===Friesenheim===<br /> &lt;gallery&gt;<br /> Image:Ludwigshafen Friesenheim.png|position<br /> Image:Ludwigshafen Friesenheim Eberthalle3.jpg|Detail of the Eberthalle, an exhibition and concert hall dating from 1965.<br /> Image:Ludwigshafen Friesenheim Eberthalle2.jpg|The Friedrich-Ebert-Halle (Eberthalle for short), general view, built by the Viennese architect, Roland Rainer, in 1965.<br /> Image:Ludwigshafen Friesenheim Ebertpark1.jpg|Ebertpark<br /> &lt;/gallery&gt;<br /> ''Friesenheim'' (ca. 18,000 inhabitants) is located north of Hemshof and is one of the two (the other one being Mundenheim) “mother villages” of Ludwigshafen, because they were responsible for the administration of Ludwigshafen prior to its independence. Helmut Kohl was born in Friesenheim. Its western district, the ''Froschlache'', boasts four impressive tower blocks.<br /> <br /> ===Oppau===<br /> &lt;gallery&gt;<br /> Image:Ludwigshafen Oppau.png|position<br /> Image:Ludwigshafen-Oppau katholische Kirche.jpg|catholic church<br /> Image:Ludwigshafen-Oppau BASF-Parkplatz.jpg|BASF-Bicycles<br /> Image:Ludwigshafen-Oppau Gedenkstaette 1921.jpg|1921 Memorial<br /> &lt;/gallery&gt;<br /> ''Oppau'' (ca. 10,000 inhabitants) in the North is dominated by the nearby BASF and had once been a town of its own prior to its incorporation into Ludwigshafen. In its history, it has been afflicted by several catastrophes like the explosion of 1921 and the flood of 1882.<br /> <br /> ===Edigheim===<br /> &lt;gallery&gt;<br /> Image:Ludwigshafen Edigheim.png|position<br /> Image:Ludwigshafen-Edigheim Kirche.jpg|church<br /> Image:Ludwigshafen-Edigheim Wasserturm Norden.jpg|water tower<br /> Image:Strasse in Edigheim 01.JPG|street<br /> &lt;/gallery&gt;<br /> ''Edigheim'' (ca. 9,000 inhabitants) had once been a part of Oppau in the South, today ist almost as large as Oppau.<br /> <br /> The ''Pfingstweide'' (ca. 6,000 inhabitants) is Ludwigshafen's northernmost district; it is dominated by tower blocks and is located in close vicinity to Frankenthal.<br /> <br /> ===Gartenstadt===<br /> &lt;gallery&gt;<br /> Image:Ludwigshafen Gartenstadt.png|position<br /> Image:Marienkrankenhaus Ludwigshafen Eingang.jpg|hospital<br /> Image:Hedwigs-Kindergarten Ludwigshafen-Gartenstadt.jpg|kindergarten<br /> Image:KircheGartenstadtLudwigshafen.jpg|church<br /> &lt;/gallery&gt;<br /> The ''Gartenstadt'' (ca. 18,000 inhabitants), west of Mundenheim, is (as the name “garden city” suggests) a very green suburb, dominated by flat roofed houses and some tower blocks. Its sub-districts are ''Niederfeld'', ''Hochfeld'' and ''Ernst-Reuter-Siedlung''.<br /> <br /> ===Mundenheim===<br /> &lt;gallery&gt;<br /> Image:Ludwigshafen Mundenheim.png|position<br /> Image:Triport Ludwigshafen 2.jpg|Triport<br /> Image:Mundeheim Friedhofkapelle.jpg|cemetery chapel<br /> Image:Josefspflege Mundenheim Ludwigshafen.jpg|nursing home<br /> &lt;/gallery&gt;<br /> ''Mundenheim'' (ca. 13,000 inhabitants) is a very old suburb, it boasts its own railway station, an extensive industrial area near the harbour. A sub-district is the ''Herderviertel'' in Mundenheim's North.<br /> <br /> ===Oggersheim===<br /> &lt;gallery&gt;<br /> Image:Ludwigshafen Oggersheim.png|position<br /> Image:Ludwigshafen Oggersheim Wallfahrtskirche Sueden.jpg|Wallfahrtskirche<br /> Image:Ludwigshafen-Oggersheim Brauerei.jpg|The &quot;Privatbrauerei Gebrüder Mayer&quot; (Meyer Brother's Private Brewery), founded in 1846 and still going strong.<br /> Image:Schillerdenkmal Oggersheim 2.jpg|[[Friedrich Schiller]]<br /> &lt;/gallery&gt;<br /> ''Oggersheim'' (ca. 23,000 inhabitants) is one of the most important suburbs, being much like a town for itself (which it was in the Middle Ages). Helmut Kohl owns a bungalow in southern Oggersheim. The Wallfahrtskirche, a railway station, the important Unfallklinik (“accident hospital”), and several large residential blocks are to be found in Oggersheim. For the last few years, the northern subdistricts of ''Notwende'' and ''Melm'' have seen a large amount of building activities in their new housing estates.<br /> <br /> ===Rheingönheim===<br /> &lt;gallery&gt;<br /> Image:Ludwigshafen Rheingoenheim.png|position<br /> Image:Ludwigshafen-Rheingoenheim Wildpark Eingang.jpg|Wildpark<br /> Image:Ludwigshafen-Rheingoenheim Wildpark .jpg|Wildpark<br /> Image:Katholische Kirche von Rheingoenheim.jpg|catholic church<br /> &lt;/gallery&gt;<br /> ''Rheingönheim'' (ca 7,000 inhabitants), as the southernmost suburb of Ludwigshafen, is known mainly for its industry ([[Woellner]]) and its game enclosure Wildpark.<br /> <br /> ===Maudach===<br /> &lt;gallery&gt;<br /> Image:Ludwigshafen Maudach.png|position<br /> Image:Ortsmitte von Maudach 02.JPG|center<br /> Image:MaudacherSchloss.jpg|castle<br /> Image:Weg im Maudacher Bruch 01.JPG|Maudacher Bruch<br /> &lt;/gallery&gt;<br /> ''Maudach'' (ca. 7,000 inhabitants), in Ludwigshafen's South-West, is a popular residential area, closely associated with the Maudacher Bruch park.<br /> <br /> ===Ruchheim===<br /> &lt;gallery&gt;<br /> Image:Ludwigshafen Ruchheim.png|position<br /> Image:Ludwigshafen-Ruchheim Paul-Muench-Brunnen.jpg|Paul Münch<br /> Image:Ludwigshafen-Ruchheim Rathaus.jpg|former townhall<br /> &lt;/gallery&gt;<br /> ''Ruchheim'' (ca. 6,000 inhabitants), as the westernmost suburb, has long been a small agricultural village, but now it is growing rapidly due to new housing estates.<br /> <br /> ==Transport==<br /> [[Image:Mh RHB GT6 mit gelenkbeiwagen.jpg||thumb|Tramway from the 60`s in regular service]]<br /> [[Image:2008.07.20.113310 Haltestelle Hauptbahnhof Heidelberg.jpg||thumb|Tramway since 2003 in regular service]]<br /> Although Ludwigshafen itself has no airfield, it is well connected with several airports in the region. There are small airfields near [[Speyer]], [[Bad Dürkheim]] and [[Worms, Germany|Worms]], a medium-sized regional [[airport]] in Mannheim and the [[Frankfurt International Airport]] in about an hour driving distance.<br /> <br /> Ludwigshafen is the most important German harbour west of the Rhine. The local industry depends on shipping their raw materials and products on the river. The harbour of Ludwigshafen consists of several basins in the South of the city near Mundenheim ([[Luitpoldhafen]], [[Kaiserwörthhafen]], [[Mundenheimer Altrheinhafen]]), the wharfs along the river parallel to the city centre and the BASF, and, finally, of the [[Landeshafen]] basin in the North that connects the BASF.<br /> <br /> Ludwigshafen has excellent [[Autobahn]] (motorway/highway) connections to all directions. Most important are the A 650 in West-East direction, the A 61 in North-South direction. But there are also A 6, A 65 and B 9 to be mentioned.<br /> <br /> [[Ludwigshafen Hauptbahnhof]] is a huge station, its impressive pylon bridge pier serving as the city's landmark. The extraordinary architecture of the station complex is caused by the need to connect three joining tracks (to [[Frankenthal]]/Worms/Mainz, to [[Neustadt an der Weinstraße|Neustadt]]/Speyer and to Mannheim) and to work in the underground [[Straßenbahn]] station and the massive road bridge above the concourse. Other railway stations are at Oggersheim, Mundenheim, Rheingönheim, and, the new more central [[Ludwigshafen (Rhein) Mitte station|Ludwigshafen (Rhein) Mitte]], near Berliner Platz. Since 2003, the [[S-Bahn Rhein-Neckar]] suburban train system runs successfully in the region.<br /> <br /> Ludwigshafen's public transport system is run by the VBL ([[Verkehrsbetriebe Ludwigshafen]]) and the holding companies RNV and VRN. The Straßenbahn (tram/streetcar) network is closely connected with Mannheim, four lines (4,6,7,8) cross the Rhine bridges between the two cities and one other line (10) runs through Ludwigshafen only. In late 2008 Line 4 was extended and replaced Line 14 (also known as &quot;Rhein-Haardt-Bahn&quot;). Line 4 now serves as a long-distance tram, which runs from Bad Dürkheim to Ludwigshafen, Mannheim and [[Heddesheim]]. The bus network consists of about ten municipal lines and further regional lines.<br /> <br /> A rather strange feature of Ludwigshafen's public transport system is the existence of four underground stations for the Straßenbahn (Rathaus, Danziger Platz (closed since late 2008), Hauptbahnhof, Hemshofstraße). They go back to the 1970s, when a common underground network in Mannheim and Ludwigshafen was planned. The rash construction of these first stations in Ludwigshafen became superfluous when Mannheim cancelled the project due to its enormous costs.<br /> <br /> ==Region and neighbours==<br /> <br /> The twin cities of Mannheim and Ludwigshafen closely cooperate in many areas; although they are separated by the [[Baden-Württemberg]]/Rhineland Palatinate boundary, this frontier is mainly an administrative one. Many Ludwigshafeners shop and go out in Mannheim's inner city, as it is within easy reach. In the reverse case, some Mannheimers work in Ludwigshafen and many [[University of Mannheim]] students choose Ludwigshafen as residence because of its cheaper rents.<br /> <br /> The surroundings of Ludwigshafen on the left bank of the Rhine are called Pfalz and are the easternmost part of the [[Palatinate (region)|Palatinate region]]. The administrative district around Ludwigshafen is called [[Rhein-Pfalz-Kreis]]. North of Ludwigshafen, there is the industrial town of Frankenthal. In the western vicinity of Ludwigshafen, there are several villages producing enormous amounts of vegetables, thus securing the Rheinpfalz the title of “Germany's vegetable garden”. The district south of Ludwigshafen is dominated by the Rhine and the [[Altrhein]] arms (lakes marking the earlier course of the river) and the ancient town of [[Speyer]] with its magnificent imperial cathedral, a noteworthy and remarkable city.<br /> <br /> The regions with some more distance to Ludwigshafen include the beautiful [[German Wine Route]] region with Germany's biggest coherent winegrowing area and the [[Palatinate forest]], the biggest coherent forest of Europe 50&amp;nbsp;km in the West, the French region [[Alsace]] and the German Schwarzwald ([[Black Forest]]) hills in the South, [[Heidelberg]] and the [[Odenwald]] hills in the East and the [[Frankfurt Rhine Main Area|Rhein-Main]] region with the city of Frankfurt about 100&amp;nbsp;km in the North.<br /> <br /> ==Culture==<br /> [[Image:Miro-Wand in Ludwigshafen 07.jpg|thumb|Miró mural, known as the Miró-Wand, on the Wilhelm-Hack-Museum.]]<br /> The Pfalzbau as a theatre and concert hall has regional importance, the Staatsphilharmonie Rheinland-Pfalz keeps its own symphonic orchestra. In the Hemshof district, there are smaller theatres playing regional dialect plays.<br /> <br /> The Wilhelm-Hack-Museum is the municipal art museum, with collections spanning from ancient to contemporary art. It is known for the emblematic [[Joan Miró|Miró]] mural covering an entire façade, called the &quot;[[Miró Wall]]&quot; (Miró-Wand in German). The mural is a work of art by the Spanish artist [[Joan Miró]], with the collaboration of his long-time colleague, the ceramist, [[Joan Gardy Artigas]], and is made of 7,200 ceramic tiles. It has been subject to degradation due to air pollution since it was installed in 1979.<br /> <br /> Several small museums in Ludwigshafen focus on the city's history, first of all the Stadtmuseum in the Rathaus Center, but also the Schillerhaus Oggersheim, K.O. Braun-Museum in Oppau or the Frankenthaler Kanal Museum in the North.<br /> <br /> The Fachhochschule Ludwigshafen (technical college) specialises in economics and has an affiliated Ostasieninstitut (East Asia Institute). There is also the Evangelische Fachhochschule Ludwigshafen, specialising in social sciences.<br /> <br /> ==Economy==<br /> Although [[BASF]] is by far the most important industrial company in Ludwigshafen, there are many other firms. Trade and industry in Ludwigshafen have about 90,000 employees in total, with an annual total turnover of nearly 17 billion euros.<br /> <br /> BASF is the world's leading chemical company, employing 80,000 people at all and about 35,000 (a few years ago, the employee total was about 55,000) of them in the Ludwigshafen plant, which is also the largest chemical plant in the world. The company's main products are fertilizers, dye, coolants and many other chemical substances..<br /> Among the other chemical companies with plants in Ludwigshafen rank BK Giulini, [[Abbott Laboratories|Abbott]], Raschig and [[Reckitt &amp; Colman|Benckiser]].<br /> Other important branches of industry are mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, IT and brewery (Mayerbräu Oggersheim).<br /> <br /> ==Sports==<br /> [[Image:Suedweststadion Ludwigshafen 05.JPG|thumb|[[Südweststadion]]]]<br /> Ludwigshafen is one of the German cities that has never had a professional football club. This is all the more surprising, because Ludwigshafen is a typical &quot;workers' city&quot; and has quite a large stadium, the [[Südweststadion]], built from debris from World War II with a capacity of around 40,000. Several international matches and some [[Fußball-Bundesliga|Bundesliga]] matches when [[1. FC Kaiserslautern]] or [[Waldhof Mannheim]] used it as alternative stadium during the past decades have been held there.<br /> <br /> [[Huddersfield Town F.C.|Huddersfield Town]] left-back [[Dominik Werling]] was born in Ludwigshafen.<br /> <br /> Currently, the most successful Ludwigshafen football club is [[FSV Oggersheim]], whose team successfully marked the last place in the [[Regionalliga]] (3rd Division) throughout the whole season and is therefore playing in the 4th division in 2008.<br /> <br /> An athletics hall has been constructed near the Stadium a few years ago.<br /> <br /> The [[TSG Friesenheim]] plays in the German 1st handball division since summer 2010.<br /> <br /> ==Nature==<br /> [[Image:Ludwigshafen Parkinsel Weg.jpg|thumb|Parkinsel]]<br /> There are several municipal parks in Ludwigshafen: First of all the Ebertpark in the North quarter and Friesenheim. It was created for the South German Horticulture Exhibition in 1925 with the Friedrich-Ebert-Halle, a multi-purpose hall.<br /> <br /> The official Stadtpark, or municipal park, is somewhat remote from the city centre (yet easy to reach by the #10 tram), because it is situated on the Parkinsel, or park island, on a bank of the Rhine.<br /> <br /> The Friedenspark is closer to the city centre, being located just north of the main station and west of the city hall. It is the youngest of Ludwigshafen's parks, having been created on a former industrial area.<br /> <br /> Further, there are numerous smaller parks that are just a bit larger than a towel in the suburbs, for example the Stadtpark Oggersheim, Riedsaumpark, Alwin-Mittasch-Platz and Friesenpark in Friesenheim, Stadtpark Oppau, Bürgerpark Pfingstweide or Zedtwitzpark Mundenheim.<br /> <br /> The Maudacher Bruch in the West between Maudach, Gartenstadt and Oggersheim, is a very extensive, horse-shoe shaped area, including the Michaelsberg (126m), a mountain built of debris and wreckage after World War II. Due to excessive extraction of ground water from chemical companies the ground water level drops and the diversity of nature is no longer preserved.<br /> The Kief´scher Weiher in the South is connected with the River Rhine and serves as yacht harbour, being surrounded by weekend camping areas.<br /> <br /> ==Notable natives==<br /> * [[Kurt Biedenkopf]], former [[Ministerpräsident]] of [[Saxony]] (1990–2002)<br /> * [[Ernst Bloch]] (Ludwigshafen, 1885 - Tübingen, 1977), philosopher<br /> * [[William Dieterle]], [[Hollywood]] director<br /> * [[Wolfgang Güllich]], rock climber<br /> * [[Helmut Kohl]], former German chancellor (1982–1998)<br /> * [[Ernst Lehmann]], [[Zeppelin]] captain of the ''[[LZ 129 Hindenburg|Hindenburg]]''<br /> * Ernst W. Kunz, sculptor<br /> * [[Eugen Roth]], sculptor and painter<br /> * [[Robert Franz Schmidt]], physiologist<br /> * [[Andre Schürrle]], football player for [[Fußball-Bundesliga|Bundesliga]] club [[Bayer Leverkusen]] and [[Germany national football team|Germany]]<br /> * [[Rudolf Kortokraks]], painter<br /> <br /> ==International relations==<br /> {{Main|List of twin towns and sister cities in Germany}}<br /> <br /> Ludwigshafen is [[town twinning|twinned]] with:<br /> * {{flagicon|Belgium}} [[Antwerp]], [[Belgium]]<br /> * {{flagicon|Germany}} [[Dessau]], [[Germany]]<br /> * {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[London Borough of Havering|Havering]], [[United Kingdom]]<br /> * {{flagicon|France}} [[Lorient]], [[France]]<br /> * {{flagicon|USA}} [[Pasadena, California]], [[United States|U.S.]]<br /> * {{flagicon|Azerbaijan}} [[Sumgait]], [[Azerbaijan]]<br /> [[#Friesenheim|Friesenheim]] is twinned with:<br /> * {{flagicon|Hungary}} [[Tiszaújváros]], [[Hungary]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.reisen-in-ungarn.de/grafix/ref/ref_gemeindeamt_ludwigshafen_saxl.pdf Brief des Ortsvorstehers von Ludwigshafen-Friesenheim].&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> &lt;references/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> {{Commons category|Ludwigshafen am Rhein}}<br /> * [http://www.ludwigshafen.de/ Official City Website] {{de icon}}<br /> * [http://www.wilhelm-hack-museum.de/ Wilhelm-Hack-Museum] {{de icon}}<br /> <br /> {{Cities in Germany}}<br /> {{Germany tourism Heidelberg area}}<br /> {{Germany districts rhineland-palatinate}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Ludwigshafen| ]]<br /> [[Category:Cities in Rhineland-Palatinate]]<br /> <br /> [[af:Ludwigshafen am Rhein]]<br /> [[ar:لودفيغسهافن]]<br /> [[az:Lüdviqshafen]]<br /> [[zh-min-nan:Ludwigshafen am Rhein]]<br /> [[bg:Лудвигсхафен]]<br /> [[br:Ludwigshafen am Rhein]]<br /> [[ca:Ludwigshafen]]<br /> [[cs:Ludwigshafen]]<br /> [[cy:Ludwigshafen]]<br /> [[da:Ludwigshafen am Rhein]]<br /> [[de:Ludwigshafen am Rhein]]<br /> [[et:Ludwigshafen]]<br /> [[el:Λουντβιχσχάφεν]]<br /> [[es:Ludwigshafen am Rhein]]<br /> [[eo:Ludwigshafen]]<br /> [[eu:Ludwigshafen]]<br /> [[fa:لودویگسهافن]]<br /> [[fr:Ludwigshafen]]<br /> [[ko:루트비히스하펜]]<br /> [[hr:Ludwigshafen]]<br /> [[id:Ludwigshafen am Rhein]]<br /> [[is:Ludwigshafen]]<br /> [[it:Ludwigshafen am Rhein]]<br /> [[he:לודוויגסהאפן]]<br /> [[ka:რაინის ლუდვიგსჰაფენი]]<br /> [[sw:Ludwigshafen am Rhein]]<br /> [[la:Ludovici Portus Rhenanus]]<br /> [[lt:Liudvigshafenas prie Reino]]<br /> [[mr:लुडविक्सहाफेन]]<br /> [[nl:Ludwigshafen am Rhein]]<br /> [[ja:ルートヴィヒスハーフェン]]<br /> [[frr:Ludwigshafen]]<br /> [[no:Ludwigshafen]]<br /> [[nn:Ludwigshafen am Rhein]]<br /> [[uz:Ludwigshafen am Rhein]]<br /> [[pfl:Ludwichshafe]]<br /> [[pnb:لڈوگشافن]]<br /> [[pl:Ludwigshafen am Rhein]]<br /> [[pt:Ludwigshafen am Rhein]]<br /> [[ro:Ludwigshafen am Rhein]]<br /> [[ru:Людвигсхафен-на-Рейне]]<br /> [[sq:Ludwigshafen am Rhein]]<br /> [[simple:Ludwigshafen am Rhein]]<br /> [[sk:Ludwigshafen am Rhein]]<br /> [[sr:Лудвигсхафен на Рајни]]<br /> [[fi:Ludwigshafen am Rhein]]<br /> [[sv:Ludwigshafen am Rhein]]<br /> [[tr:Ludwigshafen]]<br /> [[uk:Людвіґсгафен-на-Рейні]]<br /> [[vi:Ludwigshafen am Rhein]]<br /> [[vo:Ludwigshafen am Rhein]]<br /> [[war:Ludwigshafen]]<br /> [[zh:路德维希港]]</div> Tulumino https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Polystyrene&diff=537128247 Polystyrene 2013-02-07T23:08:37Z <p>Tulumino: /* History */ WL</p> <hr /> <div>{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2013}}<br /> {{Other uses}}<br /> {{Chembox<br /> | verifiedrevid =<br /> | ImageFile = Polystyrene.svg<br /> | ImageFile_Ref =<br /> | ImageName = Repeating unit of PS polymer chain<br /> | ImageSize = 150px<br /> | IUPACName = Poly(1-phenylethane-1,2-diyl) <br /> | PIN =<br /> | SystematicName =<br /> | OtherNames = Thermocole<br /> | Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers<br /> | Abbreviations = PS<br /> | CASNo =<br /> | CASNo_Ref =<br /> | ChemSpiderID =<br /> | ChemSpiderID_Ref =<br /> | UNII =<br /> | UNII_Ref =<br /> | EINECS =<br /> | UNNumber =<br /> | KEGG =<br /> | KEGG_Ref =<br /> | MeSHName =<br /> | ChEBI =<br /> | ChEBI_Ref =<br /> | RTECS =<br /> | Gmelin =<br /> | SMILES =<br /> | StdInChI =<br /> | StdInChI_Ref =<br /> | InChI =<br /> | StdInChIKey =<br /> | StdInChIKey_Ref =<br /> | InChIKey =<br /> }}<br /> | Section2 = {{Chembox Properties<br /> | Formula = (C&lt;sub&gt;8&lt;/sub&gt;H&lt;sub&gt;8&lt;/sub&gt;)&lt;sub&gt;n<br /> | MolarMass =<br /> | ExactMass =<br /> | Appearance =<br /> | Odor =<br /> | Density =0.96-1.04 <br /> | MeltingPt =~240 °C&lt;ref name=&quot;Wunsch2000&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=J.R. Wunsch|title=Polystyrene – Synthesis, Production and Applications|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=9Oal8DG_7GAC&amp;pg=PA15|accessdate=25 July 2012|year=2000|publisher=iSmithers Rapra Publishing|isbn=978-1-85957-191-0|page=15}}&lt;/ref&gt; (decomposes at lower T)<br /> | ThermalConductivity = 0.033 W/(m·K) (foam, ρ 0.05 g/cm&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;)&lt;ref&gt;Haynes, p. 12-214&lt;!--not a range --&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | BoilingPtC =<br /> | Solubility =<br /> | Solvent1 =<br /> | Solubility1 =<br /> | Solvent2 =<br /> | Solubility2 =<br /> | VaporPressure =<br /> | pKa =<br /> | RefractIndex =1.6; [[dielectric constant]] 2.6 (1 KHz – 1 GHz)&lt;ref&gt;Haynes, p. 13-17&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> }}<br /> | Section4 = {{Chembox Thermochemistry<br /> | DeltaHf =<br /> | Entropy =<br /> }}<br /> | Section4 = {{Chembox Hazards<br /> | ExternalMSDS =<br /> | GHSPictograms =<br /> | EUIndex =<br /> | EUClass =<br /> | RPhrases =<br /> | SPhrases =<br /> | NFPA-H =<br /> | NFPA-F =<br /> | NFPA-R =<br /> | NFPA-O =<br /> }}<br /> | Section5 = {{Chembox Related<br /> | OtherCpds = [[Styrene]] (monomer)<br /> | OtherAnions =<br /> | OtherCations =<br /> }}<br /> }}<br /> [[File:Expanded polystyrene foam dunnage.jpg|thumb|Expanded polystyrene packaging]]<br /> [[File:Envase de yogur.jpg|thumb|A polystyrene yogurt container]]<br /> [[File:Ps6cup.jpg|thumb|Bottom of a cup showing the glass and fork [[food contact materials]] symbol and the [[resin identification code]] symbol]]<br /> <br /> '''Polystyrene''' ('''PS''') ({{IPAc-en|icon|ˌ|p|ɒ|l|i|ˈ|s|t|aɪ|r|iː|n}}) is a synthetic [[Aromaticity|aromatic]] [[polymer]] made from the [[monomer]] [[styrene]], a liquid [[petrochemical]]. Polystyrene can be rigid or foamed. General purpose polystyrene is clear, hard and brittle. It is a very inexpensive resin per unit weight. It is a rather poor barrier to oxygen and water vapor and has relatively low melting point.&lt;ref name=&quot;acc&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Common Plastic Resins Used in Packaging|url=http://plastics.americanchemistry.com/Education-Resources/Hands-on-Plastics/Introduction-to-Plastics-Science-Teaching-Resources/History-of-Polymers-Plastics-for-Teachers.html|work=Introduction to Plastics Science Teaching Resources|publisher=American Chemistry Council, Inc.|accessdate=24 December 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; Polystyrene is one of the most widely used [[plastic]]s, the scale of its production being several billion kilograms per year.&lt;ref name=Ullmann/&gt; Polystyrene can be naturally [[Transparency (optics)|transparent]], but can be colored with colorants. Uses include protective packaging (such as packing peanuts and CD and [[DVD]] cases), containers (such as &quot;clamshells&quot;), lids, bottles, trays, tumblers, and disposable [[cutlery]].&lt;ref name=&quot;acc&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> As a [[thermoplastic]] polymer, polystyrene is in a solid (glassy) state at room temperature but flows if heated above about 100 °C, its [[glass transition temperature]]. It becomes rigid again when cooled. This temperature behavior is exploited for [[Molding (process)|molding]] and [[extrusion]], since it can be cast into molds with fine detail. <br /> <br /> It is very slow to [[biodegrade]] and therefore a focus of controversy, since it is often abundant as a form of [[litter]] in the outdoor [[environment (biophysical)|environment]], particularly along shores and waterways especially in its foam form.<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> Polystyrene was discovered in 1839 by [[Eduard Simon]],&lt;ref&gt;[http://inventors.about.com/od/pstartinventions/a/plastics.htm The history of plastics]. Inventors.about.com (15 June 2010). Retrieved 25 December 2011.&lt;/ref&gt; an [[apothecary]] in Berlin. From [[storax]], the resin of the Turkish sweetgum tree ''[[Liquidambar orientalis]]'', he distilled an oily substance, a monomer that he named styrol. Several days later, Simon found that the styrol had thickened, presumably from oxidation, into a jelly he dubbed styrol oxide (&quot;Styroloxyd&quot;). By 1845 English chemist John Blyth and German chemist [[August Wilhelm von Hofmann]] showed that the same transformation of styrol took place in the absence of oxygen. They called their substance metastyrol. Analysis later showed that it was chemically identical to Styroloxyd. In 1866 [[Marcelin Berthelot]] correctly identified the formation of metastyrol from styrol as a [[polymerization]] process. About 80 years later it was realized that heating of styrol starts a chain reaction that produces [[macromolecule]]s, following the thesis of German organic chemist [[Hermann Staudinger]] (1881–1965). This eventually led to the substance receiving its present name, polystyrene.<br /> <br /> The company [[IG Farben|I. G. Farben]] began manufacturing polystyrene in [[Ludwigshafen]], about 1931, hoping it would be a suitable replacement for die-cast [[zinc]] in many applications. Success was achieved when they developed a reactor vessel that extruded polystyrene through a heated tube and cutter, producing polystyrene in pellet form.<br /> <br /> 1941, Dow Chemical invents a Styrofoam process.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Invention of STYROFOAM™|url=http://building.dow.com/about/invention.htm|publisher=Dow Chemical|accessdate=23 December 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Before 1949, the chemical engineer Fritz Stastny (1908–1985) developed pre-expanded PS beads by incorporating aliphatic hydrocarbons, such as pentane. These beads are the raw material for moulding parts or extruding sheets. [[BASF]] and Stastny applied for a patent that was issued in 1949. The moulding process was demonstrated at the Kunststoff Messe 1952 in Düsseldorf. Products were named Styropor.<br /> <br /> The crystal structure of isotactic polystyrene was reported by [[Giulio Natta]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|doi = 10.1007/BF02731861|author = G. Natta, P. Corradini, I.W. Bassi|journal = Il Nuovo Cimento|year = 1960|volume = 15|pages = 68–82|title = Crystal structure of isotactic polystyrene}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/center&gt;<br /> <br /> In 1954, the [[Koppers Company, Inc.]] in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, developed expanded polystyrene (EPS) foam.&lt;ref&gt;Page 207 of Rigid Plastics Foams 2nd edition by T.H. Ferrigno published in 1967.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 1960, [[Dart Container]], the largest manufacturer of foam cups, shipped their first order.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Celebrating 50 Years of Excellence in People and Products|url=http://www.dartcontainer.com/web/products.nsf/pages/celebrating50timeline.html|publisher=Dart Container Corporation|accessdate=23 December 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> 1988, first U.S. ban of general polystyrene foam in Berkeley, California.&lt;ref name=&quot;berkeley-1988&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=Berkeley Widens Ban on Foam Food Containers|url=http://articles.latimes.com/1988-06-16/news/mn-6881_1_foam-food-containers|accessdate=23 December 2012|newspaper=The Los Angeles Times|date=16 June 1988}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Structure==<br /> In chemical terms, polystyrene is a long chain hydrocarbon wherein alternating carbon centers are attached to [[phenyl group]]s (the name given to the aromatic ring [[benzene]]). Polystyrene's chemical formula is {{chem|(C|8|H|8|)|n}}; it contains the [[chemical elements]] [[carbon]] and [[hydrogen]].<br /> <br /> The material's properties are determined by short-range [[Van der Waals force|van der Waals]] attractions between polymers chains. Since the molecules are long hydrocarbon chains that consist of thousands of atoms, the total attractive force between the molecules is large. When heated (or deformed at a rapid rate, due to a combination of viscoelastic and thermal insulation properties), the chains are able to take on a higher degree of conformation and slide past each other. This [[intermolecular]] weakness (versus the high ''[[intramolecular]]'' strength due to the hydrocarbon backbone) confers flexibility and elasticity. The ability of the system to be readily deformed above its glass transition temperature allows polystyrene (and thermoplastic polymers in general) to be readily softened and molded upon heating.<br /> <br /> Extruded polystyrene is about as strong as an unalloyed [[aluminium]], but much more flexible and much lighter (1.05 g/cm&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; vs. 2.70 g/cm&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; for aluminium).{{Citation needed|date=September 2012}}<br /> <br /> ===Polymerization===<br /> Polystyrene results when styrene monomers interconnect. In the polymerization, the carbon-carbon pi bond (in the [[vinyl]] group) is broken and a new carbon-carbon single (sigma) bond is formed, attaching another styrene monomer to the chain. The newly formed sigma bond is much stronger than the pi bond that was broken, thus it is very difficult to depolymerize polystyrene. About a few thousand monomers typically comprise a chain of polystyrene, giving a [[number average molecular weight|molecular weight]] of 100,000–400,000.<br /> <br /> A 3-D model would show that each of the [[chirality (chemistry)|chiral]] backbone carbons lies at the center of a [[tetrahedron]], with its 4 [[chemical bond|bonds]] pointing toward the vertices. Consider that the -C-C- bonds rotated so that the backbone chain lies entirely in the plane of the diagram. From this flat schematic, it is not evident which of the [[phenyl]] (benzene) groups are angled outward from the plane of the diagram, and which ones are inward. The [[isomer]] where all of the phenyl groups are on the same side is called ''isotactic'' polystyrene, which is not produced commercially.<br /> <br /> &lt;center&gt;[[File:Polystyrene formation.PNG]]&lt;/center&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Atactic polystyrene====<br /> The only commercially important form of polystyrene is ''atactic'', in which the phenyl groups are [[randomness|randomly]] distributed on both sides of the polymer chain. This random positioning prevents the chains from aligning with sufficient regularity to achieve any [[crystallinity]]. The plastic has a glass transition temperature ''T''&lt;sub&gt;g&lt;/sub&gt; of ~90 °C. Polymerization is initiated with [[free radical]]s.&lt;ref name=Ullmann&gt;J. Maul, B. G. Frushour, J. R. Kontoff, H. Eichenauer, K.-H. Ott, C. Schade &quot;Polystyrene and Styrene Copolymers&quot; in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 2007 Wiley-VCH, Weinheim.{{DOI|10.1002/14356007.a21_615.pub2}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Syndiotactic polystyrene====<br /> [[Ziegler-Natta polymerization]] can produce an ordered ''syndiotactic'' polystyrene with the phenyl groups positioned on alternating sides of the hydrocarbon backbone. This form is highly crystalline with a ''T''&lt;sub&gt;m&lt;/sub&gt; of {{convert|270|C|F|abbr=on}}. Such materials are not commercially produced because the polymerization is slow.<br /> <br /> ==Degradation==<br /> Polystyrene is very chemically inert, being resistant to acids and bases. Because of its resilience and inertness, it is used to fabricate many objects of commerce. It is attacked by many organic solvents, which dissolve the polymer. Foamed polystyrene is used for packaging chemicals.<br /> <br /> Like all organic compounds, polystyrene burns to give [[carbon dioxide]] and [[water|water vapor]]. Polystyrene, being an [[aromatic hydrocarbon]], typically combusts incompletely as indicated by the sooty flame.<br /> <br /> ===Biodegradation===<br /> Methanogenic consortia have been shown to [[degrade]] [[styrene]] as sole carbon source (Grbić-Galić et al. 1990). In this case styrene degraded to a range of organic intermediates and carbon dioxide. Taking the carbon dioxide figures as a representation of the amount of styrene that had completely degraded to gas as is of interest here, rates of styrene degradation ranged from 0.14 to 0.4 a -1. This is an order of magnitude faster than the most rapid rate of polystyrene degradation identified (Kaplan et al. 1979, Sielicki et al. 1978). It is consistent with the T2GGM polystyrene degradation model (Quintessa and Geofirma 2011b), which considers the rate-limiting step for polystyrene degradation to be the breakup of polystyrene, rather than the degradation of styrene.<br /> <br /> ==Forms produced==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;float:right;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! colspan=2|Properties<br /> |-<br /> |Density of EPS<br /> |16–640&amp;nbsp;kg/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;ref name=pse1&gt;{{cite journal|journal=New Scientist |date=22 June 1961|url=http://books.google.com/?id=d_XOKdeyXrYC&amp;pg=PA706|page=706|volume=240|title=Making and using an expanded plastic|author=K. Goodier}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[Young's modulus]] (''E'')<br /> |3000–3600 [[Pascal (unit)|MPa]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[Tensile strength]] (''s''&lt;sub&gt;t&lt;/sub&gt;)<br /> |46–60 MPa<br /> |-<br /> |Elongation at break<br /> |3–4%<br /> |-<br /> |[[Charpy impact test|Notch]] test<br /> |2–5 [[kilojoules|kJ]]/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |Glass transition temperature<br /> |100 °C&lt;ref&gt;Mark, James E. (2009). Polymer Data Handbook (2nd Edition). Oxford University Press.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[Vicat softening point|Vicat B]]<br /> |90 °C&lt;ref&gt;A.K. van der Vegt &amp; L.E. Govaert, Polymeren, van keten tot kunstof, ISBN 90-407-2388-5&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |[[Coefficient of thermal expansion|Linear expansion coefficient (a)]]<br /> |8×10&lt;sup&gt;−5&lt;/sup&gt; /[[Kelvin|K]]<br /> |-<br /> |[[Specific heat capacity|Specific heat]] (''c'')<br /> |1.3 kJ/(kg·K)<br /> |-<br /> |[[Absorption (chemistry)|Water absorption]] (ASTM)<br /> |0.03–0.1<br /> |-<br /> |[[Decomposition]]<br /> |X years, still decaying<br /> |}<br /> <br /> Polystyrene is commonly injection molded or extruded, while expanded polystyrene is either extruded or molded in a special process.<br /> Polystyrene [[copolymers]] are also produced; these contain one or more other monomers in addition to styrene. In recent years the expanded polystyrene composites with cellulose&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|author=Doroudiani S, Kortschot MT|year=2004|title=Expanded Wood Fiber Polystyrene Composites: Processing-Structure-Mechanical Properties Relationships|journal=Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials|volume=17|pages=13–30|doi=10.1177/0892705704035405}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|doi=10.1002/polb.10129|title=Sorption and diffusion of carbon dioxide in wood-fiber/polystyrene composites|year=2002|last1=Doroudiani|first1=Saeed|last2=Chaffey|first2=Charles E.|last3=Kortschot|first3=Mark T.|journal=Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics|volume=40|page=723|issue=8}}&lt;/ref&gt; and starch&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|doi=10.1177/0021955X07076532|title=Foaming of Polystyrene/ Thermoplastic Starch Blends|year=2007|last1=Mihai|first1=M.|last2=Huneault|first2=M. A.|last3=Favis|first3=B. D.|journal=Journal of Cellular Plastics|volume=43|page=215|issue=3}}&lt;/ref&gt; have also been produced. Polystyrene is used in some [[polymer-bonded explosive]]s (PBX).<br /> <br /> ===Sheet or molded polystyrene===<br /> [[File:Caja de CD.jpg|thumb|CD case made from general purpose polystyrene (GPPS) and high impact polystyrene (HIPS)]]<br /> [[File:Maquinilla de afeitar desechable.JPG|thumb|Disposable polystyrene razor]]<br /> Polystyrene (PS) is used for producing disposable plastic cutlery and dinnerware, [[CD and DVD packaging|CD &quot;jewel&quot; cases]], [[smoke detector]] housings, [[license plate]] frames, [[plastic model]] assembly kits, and many other objects where a rigid, economical plastic is desired.{{citation needed|date=August 2012}} Production methods include [[thermoforming]] and [[injection molding]].<br /> <br /> Polystyrene [[Petri dish]]es and other [[laboratory]] containers such as [[test tubes]] and [[microplate]]s play an important role in biomedical research and science. For these uses, articles are almost always made by injection molding, and often sterilized post-molding, either by irradiation or by treatment with [[ethylene oxide]]. Post-mold surface modification, usually with [[oxygen]]-rich [[Plasma (physics)|plasma]]s, is often done to introduce polar groups. Much of modern biomedical research relies on the use of such products; they therefore play a critical role in pharmaceutical research.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|author=Jed Norton|title=Blue Foam, Pink Foam and Foam Board|publisher=Antenociti's Workshop|url=http://www.barrule.com/workshop/images/info/foams/index.htm|accessdate=29 January 2008 |archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20080226152632/http://barrule.com/workshop/images/info/foams/index.htm |archivedate = 26 February 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Foams===<br /> Polystyrene foams are good thermal insulators and are therefore often used as building insulation materials, such as in [[insulating concrete forms]] and structural insulated panel building systems. Polystyrene incorporating [[graphite]] has superior insulation properties.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.neotherm.ie/neographite_031_graphite_enhanced_polystyrene.html|title=Products: graphite enhanced polystyrene}}&lt;/ref&gt; They are also used for non-weight-bearing architectural structures (such as ornamental [[column|pillars]]).<br /> PS foams also exhibit good damping properties, therefore it is used widely in packaging.<br /> <br /> Extruded closed-cell polystyrene foam is sold under the [[trademark]] [[Styrofoam]] by [[Dow Chemical Company]]. This term is often used informally in North America for other foamed polystyrene products.<br /> <br /> ====Expanded polystyrene====<br /> Expanded polystyrene (EPS) is a rigid and tough, closed-cell foam. It is usually white and made of pre-expanded polystyrene beads. EPS is used for disposable trays, plates, bowls and cups; and for carry-out food packaging (including the hinged lid containers popularly know as &quot;clam shells&quot;). Other uses include molded sheets for building insulation and packing material ([[Foam peanut|&quot;peanuts&quot;]]) for [[cushioning]] fragile items inside boxes. Sheets are commonly packaged as [[rigid panel]]s (size 4 by 8 or 2 by 8 feet in the United States), which are also known as &quot;bead-board&quot;. <br /> <br /> Thermal conductivity is measured according to EN 12667. Typical values range from 0.032 to 0.038 W/(m·K) depending on the density of the EPS board. The value of 0.038 W/(m·K) was obtained at 15&amp;nbsp;kg/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; while the value of 0.032 W/(m·K) was obtained at 40&amp;nbsp;kg/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; according to the data sheet of K-710 from StyroChem Finland. Adding fillers (graphites, aluminium, or carbons) has recently allowed the thermal conductivity of EPS to reach around 0.030–0.034 (as low as 0.029) and as such has a grey/black color which distinguishes it from standard EPS. Several EPS producers have produced a variety of these increased thermal resistance EPS usage for this product in the UK &amp; EU.<br /> <br /> Water vapor diffusion resistance (μ) of EPS is around 30–70.<br /> <br /> ICC-ES (International Code Council Evaluation Service) requires EPS boards used in building construction meet ASTM C578 requirements. One of these requirements is that the oxygen index of EPS as measured by ASTM D2863 be greater than 24 volume %. Typical EPS has an oxygen index of around 18 volume %; thus, a flame retardant such as HBCD (hexabromocyclododecane), is added to styrene or polystyrene during the formation of EPS.<br /> <br /> The boards containing HBCD when tested in a tunnel using test method UL 723 or ASTM E84 will have a flame spread index of less than 25 and a smoke-developed index of less than 450. ICC-ES requires the use of a 15-minute thermal barrier when EPS boards are used inside of a building.<br /> <br /> According to EPS-IA ICF organization, the typical density of EPS used for insulated concrete forms is 1.35 to 1.80 pcf. This is either Type II or Type IX EPS according to ASTM C578. EPS blocks or boards used in building construction are commonly cut using hot wires.&lt;ref&gt;''[http://www.ceresana.com/en/insight/products/plastics/expandable-polystyrene/ Expandable Polystyrene]'', Insight database from Ceresana Research&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Extruded polystyrene foam====<br /> Extruded polystyrene foam (XPS) consists of closed cells, offers improved surface roughness and higher stiffness and reduced thermal conductivity. The density range is about 28–45&amp;nbsp;kg/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;.<br /> <br /> Extruded polystyrene material is also used in [[craft]]s and [[model (physical)|model]] building, in particular [[Architecture|architectural]] models. Because of the extrusion manufacturing process, XPS does not require facers to maintain its thermal or physical property performance. Thus, it makes a more uniform substitute for [[corrugated cardboard]]. Thermal resistivity is usually about 35 m·K/W{{citation needed|date=August 2012}} (or R-5 per inch in American customary units) but can range between 29 and 39 m·K/W{{citation needed|date=August 2012}} depending on bearing/density. Thermal ''conductivity'' varies between 0.029 and 0.039 W/(m·K) depending on bearing strength/density and the average value is ~0.035 W/(m·K).<br /> <br /> Water vapour diffusion resistance (μ) of XPS is around 80–250 and so makes it more suitable to wetter environments than EPS.<br /> <br /> ===Copolymers===<br /> Pure polystyrene is [[toughness|brittle]], but [[hardness|hard]] enough that a fairly high-performance product can be made by giving it some of the properties of a stretchier material, such as [[polybutadiene]] rubber. The two such materials can never normally be mixed because of the amplified effect of [[Polymer#Intermolecular forces|intermolecular forces]] on polymer [[insolubility]] (see [[plastic recycling]]), but if polybutadiene is added during polymerization it can become chemically bonded to the polystyrene, forming a [[graft copolymer]], which helps to incorporate normal polybutadiene into the final mix, resulting in '''high-impact polystyrene''' or '''HIPS''', often called &quot;high-impact plastic&quot; in advertisements. One commercial name for HIPS is Bextrene. Common applications of HIPS include toys and product casings. HIPS is usually injection molded in production. [[Autoclaving]] polystyrene can compress and harden the material.<br /> <br /> Several other copolymers are also used with styrene. [[Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene]] or ABS plastic is similar to HIPS: a copolymer of '''a'''crylonitrile and '''s'''tyrene, toughened with poly'''b'''utadiene. Most electronics cases are made of this form of polystyrene, as are many sewer pipes. [[Styrene-acrylonitrile resin|SAN]] is a copolymer of styrene with [[acrylonitrile]], and [[styrene maleic anhydride|SMA]] one with [[maleic anhydride]]. Styrene can be copolymerized with other monomers; for example, [[divinylbenzene]] can be used for cross-linking the polystyrene chains to give the polymer used in [[Solid phase peptide synthesis]].<br /> <br /> ===Oriented polystyrene===<br /> Oriented polystyrene (OPS) is produced by stretching extruded PS film, improving visibility through the material by reducing haziness and increasing stiffness. This is often used in packaging where the manufacturer would like the consumer to see the enclosed product. Some benefits to OPS are that it is less expensive to produce than other clear plastics such as PP, PET, and HIPS, and it is less hazy than HIPS or PP. The main disadvantage to OPS is that it's brittle. It will crack or tear easily.<br /> <br /> ==Environmental issues==<br /> <br /> ===Production===<br /> Polystyrene foams are produced using blowing agents that form bubbles and expand the foam. In expanded polystyrene, these are usually hydrocarbons such as [[pentane]], which may pose a flammability hazard in manufacturing or storage of newly manufactured material, but have relatively mild environmental impact. Extruded polystyrene is usually made with [[hydrofluorocarbon]]s ([[HFC-134a]]),&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.earthresource.org/campaigns/capp/capp-styrofoam.html Polystyrene Foam Report]. Earth Resource Foundation.&lt;/ref&gt; which have global warming potentials of approximately 1000–1300 times that of carbon dioxide.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.epa.gov/ozone/geninfo/gwps.html Global Warming Potentials of ODS Substitutes]. EPA.gov&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Non-biodegradable===<br /> [[File:Polystyrene salvaged from the sea - 02.jpg|thumb|right|Polystyrene salvaged from the sea off the north coast of [[Hainan]] Province, China. The pieces are mainly from seafood storage boxes.]]<br /> Discarded polystyrene does not biodegrade for hundreds of years and is resistant to [[photolysis]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Bandyopadhyay 2007 307–317&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Studies on photocatalytic degradation of polystyrene| first= Abhijit|last= Bandyopadhyay |first2= G.|last2=Chandra Basak|year=2007|journal = Materials Science and Technology|volume = 23|issue = 3|pages=307–317 |doi=10.1179/174328407X158640}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Litter===<br /> Polystyrene foam is a major component of plastic debris in the ocean, where it becomes hazardous to marine life and &quot;could lead to the transfer [of] toxic chemicals to the food chain&quot;.&lt;ref name=Kimo-20130103&gt;{{cite web|title=Marine Litter|url=http://www.kimointernational.org/MarineLitter.aspx|publisher=Kimo International|accessdate=3 January 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Animals do not recognize this artificial material and may even mistake it for food.&lt;ref name=Kimo-20130103 /&gt; Polystyrene foam blows in the wind and floats on water, and is abundant in the outdoor environment. It can be lethal to any bird or sea creature that swallows significant quantities.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=Hofer|first=Tobias N.|title=Marine pollution : new research|year=2008|publisher=Nova Science Publishers|location=New York|isbn=1-60456-242-0|page=59}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Reducing===<br /> Restricting the use of foamed polystyrene takeout food packaging is a priority of many solid waste [[environmental organization]]s. Efforts have been made to find alternatives to polystyrene, especially foam in restaurant settings. The original impetus was to eliminate [[Chlorofluorocarbon|chlorofluorocarbons]] (CFC), which was former component of foam. In 1987, Berkeley banned CFC food containers.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Berkeley Barring Use Of a Food Container|url=http://www.nytimes.com/1987/09/24/us/berkeley-barring-use-of-a-food-container.html?src=pm|accessdate=23 December 2012|newspaper=The New York Times|date=24 September 1987|author=Associated Press}}&lt;/ref&gt; In 1988, [[Suffolk County, New York]] became the first U.S. locality to ban polystyrene.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Suffolk Votes A Bill to Ban Plastic Bags|url=http://www.nytimes.com/1988/03/30/nyregion/suffolk-votes-a-bill-to-ban-plastic-bags.html|accessdate=23 December 2012|newspaper=New York Times|date=30 March 1988}}&lt;/ref&gt; However, legal challenges by the [[Society of the Plastics Industry]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Hevesi|first=Dennis|title=Ban on Plastics in Suffolk Is Overturned|url=http://www.nytimes.com/1990/03/04/nyregion/ban-on-plastics-in-suffolk-is-overturned.html?src=pm|accessdate=23 December 2012|newspaper=The New York Times|date=4 March 1990}}&lt;/ref&gt; kept it from going into effect until at last it was delayed when the Republican and Conservative parties became a majority of the county legislature.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Barbanel|first=Josh|title=Vote Blocks Plastics Ban For Suffolk|url=http://www.nytimes.com/1992/03/04/nyregion/vote-blocks-plastics-ban-for-suffolk.html|accessdate=23 December 2012|newspaper=The New York Times|date=4 March 1992}}&lt;/ref&gt; In the meantime, Berkeley became the first city to ban all foam food containers.&lt;ref name=&quot;berkeley-1988&quot;/&gt; As of 2006, about one hundred localities in the United States including [[Portland, Oregon]] and [[San Francisco]] currently have some sort of ban on polystyrene foam in restaurants. For instance, in 2007 Oakland, California required restaurants to switch to disposable food containers that will biodegrade if added to food compost.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Styrofoam food packaging banned in Oakland|url=http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Styrofoam-food-packaging-banned-in-Oakland-2516522.php|accessdate=23 December 2012|newspaper=San Francisco Chronicle|date=28 June 2006|author=Jim Herron Zamora}}&lt;/ref&gt; Some communities have implemented wide polystyrene bans, such as [[Freeport, Maine]], which did so in 1990.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=CHAPTER 33 STYROFOAM ORDINANCE|url=http://www.freeportmaine.com/inc/scripts/file.php?file_id=1060|work=Ordinances|publisher=Town of Freeport, Maine|accessdate=23 December 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> The U.S. Green Restaurant Association does not allow polystyrene foam to be used as part of their certification standard.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=RECYCLED AND BIOBASED DISPOSABLES|url=http://dinegreen.com/standards/Disposables.html|work=GREEN RESTAURANT CERTIFICATION 4.0 STANDARDS|publisher=Green Restaurant Association|accessdate=24 December 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; Several green leaders, from the Dutch Ministry of the Environment to Starbucks' Green Team, advise that individuals reduce their environmental impact by using reusable coffee cups.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|author=Dineen, Shauna|title=The Throwaway Generation: 25 Billion Styrofoam Cups a Year|publisher=E-The Environmental Magazine|date=Nov. – Dec. 2005|url=http://www.emagazine.com/view/?2933}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Recycling===<br /> [[File:Resin-identification-code-6-PS.svg|thumb|90px|The [[resin identification code]] symbol for polystyrene&lt;!--The [[Unicode]] character is U+2678, which will appear here if you have a suitable font installed: &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:250%;&quot;&gt;♸&lt;/span&gt;.--&gt;]]<br /> <br /> In general, polystyrene is not accepted in [[curbside collection]] recycling programs, and is not separated and recycled where it is accepted. In Germany, polystyrene is collected, as a consequence of the packaging law (Verpackungsverordnung) that requires manufacturers to take responsibility for recycling or disposing of any packaging material they sell.<br /> <br /> Most polystyrene products are currently not recycled due to the lack of incentive to invest in the compactors and logistical systems required. Due to the low density of polystyrene foam, it is not economical to collect. However, if the waste material goes through an initial compaction process, the material changes density from typically 30&amp;nbsp;kg/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; to 330&amp;nbsp;kg/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; and becomes a recyclable commodity of high value for producers of recycled plastic pellets. Expanded polystyrene scrap can be easily added to products such as EPS insulation sheets and other EPS materials for construction applications; many manufacturers cannot obtain sufficient scrap because of collection issues. When it is not used to make more EPS, foam scrap can be turned into clothes hangers, park benches, flower pots, toys, rulers, stapler bodies, seedling containers, picture frames, and architectural molding from recycled PS.&lt;ref&gt;[http://pspc.intoweb.co.za/index.php?page=recycle1 Polystyrene recycling.] Polystyrene packaging council. Retrieved 6 March 2009.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Recycled EPS is also used in many metal casting operations. [[Rastra]] is made from EPS that is combined with cement to be used as an insulating amendment in the making of concrete foundations and walls. American manufacturers have produced insulating concrete forms made with approximately 80% recycled EPS since 1993.<br /> <br /> ===Incineration===<br /> If polystyrene is properly incinerated at high temperatures, the chemicals generated are water, carbon dioxide, a complex mixture of volatile compounds, and carbon soot.&lt;ref name=burning&gt;[http://www.newton.dep.anl.gov/askasci/chem00/chem00053.htm Polystyrene Foam Burning Danger]. Newton.dep.anl.gov. Retrieved 25 December 2011.&lt;/ref&gt; According to the [[American Chemistry Council]], when polystyrene is incinerated in modern facilities, the final volume is 1% of the starting volume; most of the polystyrene is converted into carbon dioxide, water vapor, and heat. Because of the amount of heat released, it is sometimes used as a power source for [[steam]] or [[electricity generation]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title = Ease of Disposal|url = http://www.americanchemistry.com/s_plastics/sec_pfpg.asp?CID=1434&amp;did=5226|accessdate = 25 June 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> When polystyrene was burned at temperatures of 800–900 °C (the typical range of a modern incinerator), the products of combustion consisted of &quot;a complex mixture of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from alkyl benzenes to benzoperylene. Over 90 different compounds were identified in combustion effluents from polystyrene.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|url=http://www.ejnet.org/plastics/polystyrene/disposal.html|author=Hawley-Fedder, R.A.; Parsons, M.L. and Karasek, F.W.|journal=Products Obtained During Combustion of Polymers Under Simulated Incinerator Conditions, II Polystyrene|doi=10.1016/S0021-9673(01)90737-X|title=Products obtained during combustion of polymers under simulated incinerator conditions II. Polystyrene|year=1984|volume=315|page=201}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Safety==<br /> <br /> ===Health===<br /> According to a plastic food service products website of the [[American Chemistry Council]]:<br /> {{quote|Based on scientific tests over five decades, government safety agencies have determined that polystyrene is safe for use in foodservice products. For example, polystyrene meets the standards of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and the European Commission/European Food Safety Authority for use in packaging to store and serve food. The Hong Kong Food and Environmental Hygiene Department recently reviewed the safety of serving various foods in polystyrene foodservice products and reached the same conclusion as the U.S. FDA.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |author=Staff |title=Q &amp; A on the Safety of Polystyrene Foodservice Products |date=2010–2011 |url=http://plasticfoodservicefacts.com/main/Safety/Californias-Proposition-65/Q-A-on-the-Safety-of-Polystyrene-Foodservice-Products.GMEditor.html |publisher=[[American Chemistry Council]] |accessdate=2011-06-14 }}&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> <br /> From 1999 to 2002, a comprehensive review of the potential health risks associated with exposure to styrene was conducted by a 12 member international expert panel selected by the Harvard Center for Risk Assessment. The scientists had expertise in toxicology, epidemiology, medicine, risk analysis, pharmacokinetics, and exposure assessment.<br /> <br /> {{quote|The Harvard study reported that styrene is naturally present in foods such as strawberries, beef, and spices, and is naturally produced in the processing of foods such as wine and cheese. The study also reviewed all the published data on the quantity of styrene contributing to the diet due to migration of food packaging and disposable food contact articles, and concluded there is no cause for concern for the general public from exposure to styrene from foods or styrenic materials used in food-contact applications, such as polystyrene packaging and food service containers.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|doi=10.1080/10937400252972162|pmid=12012775|title=A comprehensive evaluation of the potential health risks associated with occupational and environmental exposure to styrene|year=2002|last1=Cohen|first1=Joshua T.|last2=Carlson|first2=Gary|last3=Charnley|first3=Gail|last4=Coggon|first4=David|last5=Delzell|first5=Elizabeth|last6=Graham|first6=John D.|last7=Greim|first7=Helmut|last8=Krewski|first8=Daniel|last9=Medinsky|first9=Michele|journal=Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Part B: Critical Reviews|volume=5|page=1}} The McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment has published a no-charge [http://www.mclaughlincentre.ca/publications/styrene.shtml summary].&lt;/ref&gt;}}<br /> <br /> Polystyrene is common container for food and drinks. The styrene monomer (from which polystyrene is made) is a cancer suspect agent; it is &quot;generally found in such low levels in consumer products that risks are low&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Harris&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last1=Harris |first1=Gardiner |title=Government Says 2 Common Materials Pose Risk of Cancer |date=10 June 2011 |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/11/health/11cancer.html |publisher=New York Times |accessdate=11 June 2011 }}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> Styrene in food or water can rapidly enter the body through the digestive tract and most of these chemicals are excreted in urine within a few days.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=ATSDR June 2012 Public Health Statement: Styrene|url=http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/ToxProfiles/tp53-c1-b.pdf|publisher=U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services|accessdate=24 September 2012|author=Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry|pages=8|month=June|year=2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; Styrene is highly metabolized in humans, with an estimated 97% eliminated through metabolic pathways.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=NTP-CERHR Monograph on the Potential Human Reproductive and Developmental Effects of Styrene|url=http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/ntp/ohat/styrene/Styrene_Monograph.pdf|publisher=NIH|accessdate=24 September 2012|author=Center for the Evaluation of Risks to Human Reproduction|page=Appendix II|month=Feb.|year=2006}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> Because of the pervasive use of polystyrene, these health related issues remain topical.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Entine|first=Jon|title=Styrene in the Crosshairs: Competing Standards Confuse Public, Regulators|url=http://stats.org/stories/2011/styrene_crosshairs_sept14_11.html|publisher=stats.org|accessdate=24 September 2012|date=14 September 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> Styrene oligomers in polystyrene containers used for food packaging have been found to migrate into the food.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|author=Sakamato H, Matsuzawa A, Itoh R, Tohyama Y|year=2000|title=Quantitative Analysis of Styrene Dimer and Trimers Migrated from Disposable Lunch Boxes|journal=J Food Hyg Soc Japan|volume=41|pages=200–205|doi=10.3358/shokueishi.41.200|issue=3}}&lt;/ref&gt; Another Japanese study conducted on wild-type and AhR-null mice found that the styrene trimer, which the authors detected in cooked polystyrene container-packed instant foods, may increase thyroid hormone levels.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|author=Yanagiba, Yukie ''et al.''|title=Styrene Trimer May Increase Thyroid Hormone Levels via Down-Regulation of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) Target Gene UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase|journal=Environmental Health Perspectives|volume=116|year=2008|pages=740–745|format=free text|pmid=18560529|doi=10.1289/ehp.10724|issue=6|pmc=2430229|last2=Ito|first2=Yuki|last3=Yamanoshita|first3=Osamu|last4=Zhang|first4=Shu-Yun|last5=Watanabe|first5=Gen|last6=Taya|first6=Kazuyoshi|last7=Li|first7=Chun Mei|last8=Inotsume|first8=Yuko|last9=Kamijima|first9=Michihiro}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Some containers may be safely used in a microwave, if labelled as such.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.health.harvard.edu/fhg/updates/update0706a.shtml &quot;Microwaving food in plastic: Dangerous or not?&quot;]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Fire hazards===<br /> Like other [[organic compound]]s, polystyrene is flammable. Polystyrene is classified according to [[DIN4102 A1|DIN4102]] as a &quot;B3&quot; product, meaning highly flammable or &quot;Easily Ignited.&quot; As a consequence, although it is an efficient insulator at low temperatures, its use is prohibited in any exposed installations in [[building construction]] if the material is not [[flame retardant|flame-retardant]].{{citation needed|date=June 2011}} It must be concealed behind [[drywall]], sheet metal, or concrete.{{citation needed|date=June 2011}} Foamed polystyrene plastic materials have been accidentally ignited and caused huge fires and losses, for example at the [[Düsseldorf International Airport]], the [[Channel tunnel]] (where polystyrene was inside a railcar that caught fire), and the [[Browns Ferry Nuclear Power Plant]] (where fire breached a fire retardant and reached the foamed plastic underneath, inside a [[firestop]] that had not been tested and certified in accordance with the final installation).{{citation needed|date=June 2011}}<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[Foam food container]]<br /> * [[Bioplastic]]<br /> * [[Geofoam]]<br /> * [[Structural insulated panel]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist|35em}}<br /> <br /> ==Bibliography==<br /> *{{cite book | editor= Haynes, William M. | year = 2011 | title = [[CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics]] | edition = 92nd<br /> | publisher = [[CRC Press]] | isbn = 1439855110}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> {{commons|Polystyrene}}<br /> *[http://www.pslc.ws/mactest/styrene.htm Polystyrene Composition] – The University of Southern Mississippi<br /> *[http://www.plasticsindustry.org/AboutPlastics/content.cfm?ItemNumber=825&amp;navItemNumber=1124 SPI resin identification code] – Society of the Plastics Industry<br /> *[http://www.sciam.com/article.cfm?chanID=sa003&amp;articleID=0007B0AE-88AF-13FF-88AF83414B7F0000 Bacteria Turns Styrofoam into Biodegradable Plastic] – Scientific American, 27 February 2006<br /> *[http://www.polystyrene.org/polystyrene_facts/facts.html Polystyrene (packaging) facts]<br /> * Lettieri, T.R., Hartman, A.W., Hembree, G.G., and Marx, E. [http://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/jres/096/6/V96-6.pdf &quot;Certification of SRM 1960: Nominal 10 micrometer Diameter Polystyrene Spheres (&quot;Space Beads&quot;),] ''Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology'' '''96''' (669–691) 1991.<br /> *[http://www.biosphereplastic.com/microbes-that-degrade-plastic/polystyrene-biodegradability-waste-management/ Polystyrene Biodegradation] - BioSphere Plastic<br /> <br /> {{HealthIssuesOfPlastics}}<br /> {{Plastics}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Insulators]]<br /> [[Category:Building insulation materials]]<br /> [[Category:Organic polymers]]<br /> [[Category:Packaging materials]]<br /> [[Category:Thermoplastics]]<br /> <br /> {{Link GA|es}}<br /> [[ar:متعدد الستيرين]]<br /> [[bg:Полистирен]]<br /> [[bs:Polistiren]]<br /> [[ca:Poliestirè]]<br /> [[cs:Polystyren]]<br /> [[da:Polystyren]]<br /> [[de:Polystyrol]]<br /> [[el:Πολυστυρένιο]]<br /> [[es:Poliestireno]]<br /> [[eu:Poliestireno]]<br /> [[fa:یونولیت]]<br /> [[fr:Polystyrène]]<br /> [[ga:Polaistiréin]]<br /> [[gl:Polistireno]]<br /> [[ko:폴리스타이렌]]<br /> [[hr:Polistiren]]<br /> [[id:Polistirena]]<br /> [[it:Polistirene]]<br /> [[he:פוליסטירן]]<br /> [[lv:Polistirols]]<br /> [[lt:Polistirenas]]<br /> [[mg:Pôlistirenina]]<br /> [[ms:Polistirena]]<br /> [[nl:Polystyreen]]<br /> [[ja:ポリスチレン]]<br /> [[no:Polystyren]]<br /> [[nn:Polystyren]]<br /> [[pl:Polistyren]]<br /> [[pt:Poliestireno]]<br /> [[ro:Polistiren]]<br /> [[ru:Полистирол]]<br /> [[simple:Polystyrene]]<br /> [[sk:Polystyrén]]<br /> [[sl:Polistiren]]<br /> [[fi:Polystyreeni]]<br /> [[sv:Polystyren]]<br /> [[th:โฟม]]<br /> [[tr:Polistiren]]<br /> [[uk:Полістирол]]<br /> [[vi:Polystyren]]<br /> [[vls:Isomo]]<br /> [[zh:聚苯乙烯]]</div> Tulumino https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1987_Formula_One_World_Championship&diff=536587646 1987 Formula One World Championship 2013-02-04T21:45:31Z <p>Tulumino: /* 1987 Constructors Championship final standings */ see before</p> <hr /> <div>{{F1 season | year = 1987}}<br /> [[File:Piquet a Monza 1983.JPG|thumb|right|[[Nelson Piquet]] won his third world title, driving for Williams.]]<br /> <br /> [[File:Nigelcropped.jpg|thumb|right|Piquet's team mate, [[Nigel Mansell]] was second, twelve points behind.]]<br /> <br /> [[File:Senna imola89.jpg|thumb|right|[[Ayrton Senna]] in the [[Team Lotus|Lotus]] finished the season ranked third.]]<br /> <br /> The '''1987 Formula One season''' was the 38th season of [[Formula One]] motor racing. It featured the 1987 [[FIA]] Formula One World Championship for Drivers and Constructors which commenced on April 12, 1987 and ended on November 15 after sixteen races. This championship also encompassed the [[Jim Clark]] Trophy and the [[Colin Chapman]] Trophy which were contested respectively by drivers and constructors of Formula One cars powered by [[naturally aspirated engine]]s.<br /> <br /> The 1987 World Championship featured a season long duel between the two [[WilliamsF1|Williams]] drivers: Brazilian two-time champion [[Nelson Piquet]] and British driver [[Nigel Mansell]]. The pair won nine of the seasons sixteen races in their [[Williams FW11B]]s, although they had only one win from the first five races. Their mid-season dominance eliminated all competition however. Mansell took six wins compared to the more consistent Piquet with three. The increasingly antagonistic duel came to a premature end at the [[1987 Japanese Grand Prix|Japanese Grand Prix]] when Mansell crashed heavily in practice incurring a back injury that put him out for the two races left in the season.<br /> <br /> The battle for third in the championship was also resolved late in the season, with Brazilian driver [[Ayrton Senna]] driving a [[Lotus 99T]] finished nine points clear of outgoing world champion Frenchman [[Alain Prost]] ([[McLaren MP4/3]]).<br /> <br /> Williams-Honda dominated the Constructors' Championship, claiming 137 points compared to McLaren-TAG on 76 points. [[Team Lotus|Lotus-Honda]] claimed third in the points resisting a late season charge from [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]] led by Austrian driver [[Gerhard Berger]] who won the final two races of the year in Japan and [[1987 Australian Grand Prix|Australia]].<br /> <br /> Two new sub-championships were created for the 1987 season. The [[Jim Clark]] Trophy for drivers of cars powered by naturally aspirated engines and its parallel championship for constructors, the [[Colin Chapman]] Trophy, helped encourage the teams who did not have access to turbocharged engines, while at the same time acknowledging the forthcoming ban on turbos for the [[1989 Formula One season]]. British driver [[Jonathan Palmer]] ([[Tyrrell DG016]]) won the championship, wrapping it up early in Japan and finishing 21 points ahead of his French teammate [[Philippe Streiff]]. As [[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell]] was the only two-car team in the Colin Chapman trophy, they dominated. [[Philippe Alliot]]'s results in the [[Larrousse]]-entered [[Lola LC87]] were sufficient to earn him third place in the Jim Clark Trophy and Lola second in the Colin Chapman Trophy.<br /> <br /> 1987 saw new rules introduced in an effort to not only make the returning [[Naturally aspirated engine|normally aspirated]] more competitive, but to reduce costs and also slow the cars down with a resultant increase in safety. As part of a two-year plan to phase turbos out of Formula One, the FIA introduced a mandatory pop-off valve to the turbo powered cars which restricted boost to 4.0 bar, thus limiting engine power (one unnamed mechanic was heard to remark at the season opener in [[1987 Brazilian Grand Prix|Brazil]] that the pop-off valve was &quot;the only crude piece of engineering on a modern Grand Prix car&quot;). However, advances in engine development, aerodynamics, tyres and suspension meant that, despite the turbo limit, the leading teams such as Williams, McLaren and Ferrari regularly recorded faster times than they had in 1986 when turbo boost was unrestricted. The FIA also banned the super soft (and sticky) qualifying tyres in 1987, which eliminated the unpopular practice of having to find a clear lap on tyres which were good for two flying laps at best.<br /> <br /> ==Drivers and constructors==<br /> The following drivers and constructors competed in the 1987 season.<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 85%&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Entrant<br /> ! Constructor<br /> ! Chassis<br /> ! Engine<br /> ! Tyres<br /> ! No<br /> ! Driver<br /> ! Rounds<br /> ! Test driver(s)<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[McLaren|Marlboro McLaren International]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[McLaren]]-[[Techniques d'Avant Garde|TAG]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[McLaren MP4/3|MP4/3]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Techniques d'Avant Garde|TAG]] TTE PO1 1.5 [[V6]][[Turbocharger|t]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 1<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Alain Prost]]<br /> | All<br /> | rowspan=2 align=&quot;center&quot; | &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:87%;&quot;&gt;''n/a''<br /> |-<br /> | 2<br /> | {{flagicon|SWE}} [[Stefan Johansson]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Tyrrell Racing|Data General Team Tyrrell]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Tyrrell DG016|DG016]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV#DFZ|Ford Cosworth DFZ]] 3.5 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 3<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Jonathan Palmer]]<br /> | All<br /> | rowspan=2 align=&quot;center&quot; | &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:87%;&quot;&gt;''n/a''<br /> |-<br /> | 4<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Philippe Streiff]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[WilliamsF1|Canon Williams Honda Team]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[WilliamsF1|Williams]]-[[Honda Racing F1|Honda]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[Williams FW11|FW11B]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[Honda Racing F1|Honda]] RA167E 1.5 [[V6]][[Turbocharger|t]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 5<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Nigel Mansell]]<br /> | 1-15<br /> | rowspan=3 align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:87%;&quot;&gt;{{flagicon|France}} [[Jean-Louis Schlesser]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Riccardo Patrese]]<br /> | 16<br /> |-<br /> | 6<br /> | {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Nelson Piquet]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Brabham|Motor Racing Developments]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[Brabham]]-[[BMW in Formula One|BMW]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[Brabham BT56|BT56]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[BMW M12]]/13 1.5 [[Straight-4|L4]][[Turbocharger|t]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 7<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Riccardo Patrese]]<br /> | 1-15<br /> | rowspan=3 align=&quot;center&quot; | &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:87%;&quot;&gt;''n/a''<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Stefano Modena]]<br /> | 16<br /> |-<br /> | 8<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Andrea de Cesaris]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|FRG}} [[Zakspeed|West Zakspeed Racing]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Zakspeed]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Zakspeed 861|861]]&lt;br&gt;[[Zakspeed 871|871]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Zakspeed]] 1500/4 1.5 [[Straight-4|L4]][[Turbocharger|t]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 9<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Martin Brundle]]<br /> | All<br /> | rowspan=2 align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:87%;&quot;&gt;{{flagicon|Hungary}} [[Csaba Kesjár]]&lt;ref name=&quot;test drivers&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.driverdb.com/standings/4-1987/|title=Formula 1 - Test driver 1987|publisher=driverdb.com|accessdate=22 August 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | 10<br /> | {{flagicon|FRG}} [[Christian Danner]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|Great Britain}} [[Team Lotus|Camel Team Lotus Honda]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[Honda Racing F1|Honda]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Lotus 99T|99T]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Honda Racing F1|Honda]] RA166E 1.5 [[V6]][[Turbocharger|t]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 11<br /> | {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Satoru Nakajima]]<br /> | All<br /> | rowspan=2 align=&quot;center&quot; | &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:87%;&quot;&gt;''n/a''<br /> |-<br /> | 12<br /> | {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Ayrton Senna]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Automobiles Gonfaronnaises Sportives|Team El Charro AGS]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Automobiles Gonfaronnaises Sportives|AGS]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[AGS JH22|JH22]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV#DFZ|Ford Cosworth DFZ]] 3.5 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 14<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Pascal Fabre]]<br /> | 1-14<br /> | rowspan=2 align=&quot;center&quot; | &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:87%;&quot;&gt;''n/a''<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Roberto Moreno]]<br /> | 15-16<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[March Engineering|Leyton House March Racing Team]]<br /> ! [[March Engineering|March]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | [[March 87P|87P]]&lt;br&gt;[[March 871|871]]<br /> | [[Cosworth DFV#DFZ|Ford Cosworth DFZ]] 3.5 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> | {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 16<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Ivan Capelli]]<br /> | All<br /> | align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:87%;&quot;&gt;{{flagicon|DEN}} [[Kris Nissen]]<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Arrows Grand Prix International|USF&amp;G Arrows Megatron]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Arrows Grand Prix International|Arrows]]-[[Megatron (engine)|Megatron]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Arrows A10|A10]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[BMW M12|Megatron M12/13]] 1.5 [[Straight-4|L4]][[Turbocharger|t]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 17<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Derek Warwick]]<br /> | All<br /> | rowspan=2 align=&quot;center&quot; | &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:87%;&quot;&gt;''n/a''<br /> |-<br /> | 18<br /> | {{flagicon|USA}} [[Eddie Cheever]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Benetton Formula|Benetton Formula Ltd]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Benetton Formula|Benetton]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Benetton B187|B187]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Cosworth#Other Formula One engines|Ford Cosworth GBA]] 1.5 [[V6]][[Turbocharger|t]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 19<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Teo Fabi]]<br /> | All<br /> | rowspan=2 align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:87%;&quot;&gt;{{flagicon|GBR}} [[Johnny Dumfries]]&lt;ref name=&quot;test drivers&quot;/&gt; &lt;br&gt;{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Emanuele Pirro]]<br /> |-<br /> | 20<br /> | {{flagicon|BEL}} [[Thierry Boutsen]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Osella|Osella Squadra Corse]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[Osella]]-[[Alfa Romeo in Formula One|Alfa Romeo]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[Osella FA1I|FA1I]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[Alfa Romeo in Formula One|Alfa Romeo]] 890T 1.5 [[V8 engine|V8]][[Turbocharger|t]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 21<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Alex Caffi]]<br /> | All<br /> | rowspan=3 align=&quot;center&quot; | &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:87%;&quot;&gt;''n/a''<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 22<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Gabriele Tarquini]]<br /> | 2<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|SUI}} [[Franco Forini]]<br /> | 11-13<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Minardi|Minardi Team SpA]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Minardi]]-[[Motori Moderni]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Minardi M187|M187]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Motori Moderni]] Tipo 615-90 1.5 [[V6]][[Turbocharger|t]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 23<br /> | {{flagicon|ESP}} [[Adrián Campos]]<br /> | All<br /> | rowspan=2 align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:87%;&quot;&gt;{{flagicon|Italy}} [[Franco Scapini]]<br /> |-<br /> | 24<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Alessandro Nannini]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Equipe Ligier|Ligier Loto]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Equipe Ligier|Ligier]]-[[Megatron (engine)|Megatron]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Ligier JS29|JS29]]&lt;br&gt;[[Ligier JS29B|JS29B]]&lt;br&gt;[[Ligier JS29C|JS29C]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[BMW M12|Megatron M12/13]] 1.5 [[Straight-4|L4]][[Turbocharger|t]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 25<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[René Arnoux]]<br /> | 2-16<br /> | rowspan=2 align=&quot;center&quot; | &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:87%;&quot;&gt;''n/a''<br /> |-<br /> | 26<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Piercarlo Ghinzani]]<br /> | 2-16<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Scuderia Ferrari SpA SEFAC]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Ferrari F1/87|F1/87]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]] 033D 1.5 [[V6]][[Turbocharger|t]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 27<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Michele Alboreto]]<br /> | All<br /> | rowspan=2 align=&quot;center&quot; | &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:87%;&quot;&gt;''n/a''<br /> |-<br /> | 28<br /> | {{flagicon|AUT}} [[Gerhard Berger]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Larrousse|Larrousse Calmels]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Lola Cars|Lola]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Lola LC87|LC87]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV#DFZ|Ford Cosworth DFZ]] 3.5 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 29<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Yannick Dalmas]]<br /> | 14-16<br /> | rowspan=2 align=&quot;center&quot; | &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:87%;&quot;&gt;''n/a''<br /> |-<br /> | 30<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Philippe Alliot]]<br /> | 2-16<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Middlebridge Racing]]<br /> ! [[Benetton Formula|Benetton]]-[[BMW]]<br /> | [[Benetton Formula|B186]]<br /> | [[BMW M12]]/13 1.5 [[Straight-4|L4]][[Turbocharger|t]]<br /> | {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 31<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Emanuele Pirro]]<br /> | None†<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:87%;&quot;&gt;''n/a''<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Enzo Coloni Racing Car Systems|Enzo Coloni Racing Car System]]<br /> ! [[Enzo Coloni Racing Car Systems|Coloni]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | [[Coloni FC187|FC187]]<br /> | [[Cosworth DFV#DFZ|Ford Cosworth DFZ]] 3.5 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> | {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 32<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Nicola Larini]]<br /> | 11, 13<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:87%;&quot;&gt;''n/a''<br /> |}<br /> <br /> {{sup|†}} Pirro's car was entered for Monza, but was refused due to the team not meeting the requirements of the Concorde Agreement.<br /> <br /> ==Season review==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 85%&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Rd.<br /> ! Grand Prix<br /> ! Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Pole Position<br /> ! Fastest Lap<br /> ! Winning Driver<br /> ! Constructor<br /> ! Report<br /> |-<br /> ! 1<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Brazilian Grand Prix]]<br /> | April 12<br /> | [[Autódromo Internacional Nelson Piquet|Jacarepaguá]]<br /> | {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Nigel Mansell]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Nelson Piquet]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Alain Prost]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[McLaren]]-[[Techniques d'Avant Garde|TAG]]<br /> | [[1987 Brazilian Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 2<br /> | {{flagicon|San Marino}} [[San Marino Grand Prix]]<br /> | May 3<br /> | [[Autodromo Enzo e Dino Ferrari|Imola]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Ayrton Senna]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Teo Fabi]]<br /> | {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Nigel Mansell]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[WilliamsF1|Williams]]-[[Honda Racing F1|Honda]]<br /> | [[1987 San Marino Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 3<br /> | {{flagicon|Belgium}} [[Belgian Grand Prix]]<br /> | May 17<br /> | [[Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps|Spa-Francorchamps]]<br /> | {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Nigel Mansell]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Alain Prost]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Alain Prost]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[McLaren]]-[[Techniques d'Avant Garde|TAG]]<br /> | [[1987 Belgian Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 4<br /> | {{flagicon|Monaco}} [[Monaco Grand Prix]]<br /> | May 31<br /> | [[Circuit de Monaco|Monaco]]<br /> | {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Nigel Mansell]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Ayrton Senna]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Ayrton Senna]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[Honda Racing F1|Honda]]<br /> | [[1987 Monaco Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 5<br /> | {{flagicon|United States}} [[Detroit Grand Prix]]<br /> | June 21<br /> | [[Detroit street circuit|Detroit]]<br /> | {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Nigel Mansell]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Ayrton Senna]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Ayrton Senna]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[Honda Racing F1|Honda]]<br /> | [[1987 Detroit Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 6<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[French Grand Prix]]<br /> | July 5<br /> | [[Paul Ricard Circuit|Paul Ricard]]<br /> | {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Nigel Mansell]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Nelson Piquet]]<br /> | {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Nigel Mansell]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[WilliamsF1|Williams]]-[[Honda Racing F1|Honda]]<br /> | [[1987 French Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 7<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[British Grand Prix]]<br /> | July 12<br /> | [[Silverstone Circuit|Silverstone]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Nelson Piquet]]<br /> | {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Nigel Mansell]]<br /> | {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Nigel Mansell]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[WilliamsF1|Williams]]-[[Honda Racing F1|Honda]]<br /> | [[1987 British Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 8<br /> | {{flagicon|West Germany}} [[German Grand Prix]]<br /> | July 26<br /> | [[Hockenheimring]]<br /> | {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Nigel Mansell]]<br /> | {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Nigel Mansell]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Nelson Piquet]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[WilliamsF1|Williams]]-[[Honda Racing F1|Honda]]<br /> | [[1987 German Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 9<br /> | {{flagicon|Hungary}} [[Hungarian Grand Prix]]<br /> | August 9<br /> | [[Hungaroring]]<br /> | {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Nigel Mansell]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Nelson Piquet]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Nelson Piquet]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[WilliamsF1|Williams]]-[[Honda Racing F1|Honda]]<br /> | [[1987 Hungarian Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 10<br /> | {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Austrian Grand Prix]]<br /> | August 16<br /> | [[Österreichring]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Nelson Piquet]]<br /> | {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Nigel Mansell]]<br /> | {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Nigel Mansell]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[WilliamsF1|Williams]]-[[Honda Racing F1|Honda]]<br /> | [[1987 Austrian Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 11<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Italian Grand Prix]]<br /> | September 6<br /> | [[Autodromo Nazionale Monza|Monza]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Nelson Piquet]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Ayrton Senna]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Nelson Piquet]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[WilliamsF1|Williams]]-[[Honda Racing F1|Honda]]<br /> | [[1987 Italian Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 12<br /> | {{flagicon|Portugal}} [[Portuguese Grand Prix]]<br /> | September 20<br /> | [[Autódromo do Estoril|Estoril]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Gerhard Berger]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Gerhard Berger]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Alain Prost]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[McLaren]]-[[Techniques d'Avant Garde|TAG]]<br /> | [[1987 Portuguese Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 13<br /> | {{flagicon|Spain}} [[Spanish Grand Prix]]<br /> | September 27<br /> | [[Circuito de Jerez|Jerez]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Nelson Piquet]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Gerhard Berger]]<br /> | {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Nigel Mansell]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[WilliamsF1|Williams]]-[[Honda Racing F1|Honda]]<br /> | [[1987 Spanish Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 14<br /> | {{flagicon|Mexico}} [[Mexican Grand Prix]]<br /> | October 18<br /> | [[Autódromo Hermanos Rodríguez|Hermanos Rodríguez]]<br /> | {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Nigel Mansell]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Nelson Piquet]]<br /> | {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Nigel Mansell]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[WilliamsF1|Williams]]-[[Honda Racing F1|Honda]]<br /> | [[1987 Mexican Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 15<br /> | {{flagicon|Japan}} [[Japanese Grand Prix]]<br /> | November 1<br /> | [[Suzuka Circuit|Suzuka]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Gerhard Berger]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Alain Prost]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Gerhard Berger]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> | [[1987 Japanese Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 16<br /> | {{flagicon|Australia}} [[Australian Grand Prix]]<br /> | November 15<br /> | [[Adelaide Street Circuit|Adelaide]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Gerhard Berger]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Gerhard Berger]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Gerhard Berger]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> | [[1987 Australian Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==1987 Drivers Championship final standings==<br /> Points towards the 1987 FIA Formula One World Championship for Drivers were awarded on a 9-6-4-3-2-1 basis to the top six placed drivers at each round. However only the best eleven round results were counted towards each driver's championship total.<br /> {|<br /> |- valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> |<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 85%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |- valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Pos<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Driver<br /> ! [[1987 Brazilian Grand Prix|BRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Brazil}}<br /> ! [[1987 San Marino Grand Prix|SMR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|San Marino}}<br /> ! [[1987 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Belgium}}<br /> ! [[1987 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Monaco}}<br /> ! [[1987 Detroit Grand Prix|DET]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|United States}}<br /> ! [[1987 French Grand Prix|FRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|France}}<br /> ! [[1987 British Grand Prix|GBR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|UK}}<br /> ! [[1987 German Grand Prix|GER]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|West Germany}}<br /> ! [[1987 Hungarian Grand Prix|HUN]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Hungary}}<br /> ! [[1987 Austrian Grand Prix|AUT]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Austria}}<br /> ! [[1987 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Italy}}<br /> ! [[1987 Portuguese Grand Prix|POR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Portugal}}<br /> ! [[1987 Spanish Grand Prix|ESP]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Spain}}<br /> ! [[1987 Mexican Grand Prix|MEX]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Mexico}}<br /> ! [[1987 Japanese Grand Prix|JPN]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Japan}}<br /> ! [[1987 Australian Grand Prix|AUS]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Australia}}<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Points&lt;ref name=&quot;points&quot;&gt;Only the best 11 results counted towards the Drivers' Championship. Numbers without parentheses are Championship points; numbers in parentheses are total points scored.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> ! 1<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Nelson Piquet]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| ''2''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffff&quot;| DNS<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| ''2''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| ''1''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''4'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| ''2''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 15&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''73 (76)'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 2<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Nigel Mansell]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''6'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''5'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| ''1''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''''Ret'''''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| '''14'''&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| ''1''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffff&quot;| DNS<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''61'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 3<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Ayrton Senna]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| ''1''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| ''1''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| ''2''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#000000&quot; style=&quot;color: white&quot;| DSQ<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''57'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 4<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[Alain Prost]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| ''1''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 15<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| ''7''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''46'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 5<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Gerhard Berger]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''''2'''''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| ''Ret''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''''1'''''<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''36'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 6<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Sweden}} [[Stefan Johansson]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''30'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 7<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Michele Alboreto]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 15&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''17'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 8<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Belgium}} [[Thierry Boutsen]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 16&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''16'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 9<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Teo Fabi]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| ''Ret''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''12'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 10<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Eddie Cheever]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''8'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 11<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Jonathan Palmer]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''7'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 12<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Japan}} [[Satoru Nakajima]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''7'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 13<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Riccardo Patrese]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''6'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 14<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Andrea de Cesaris]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''4'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 15<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[Philippe Streiff]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''4'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 16<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Derek Warwick]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 17<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[Philippe Alliot]]<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 18<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Martin Brundle]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#000000&quot; style=&quot;color: white&quot;| DSQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 19<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Ivan Capelli]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffff&quot;| DNS<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 20<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[René Arnoux]]<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffff&quot;| DNS<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 21<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Roberto Moreno]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[Yannick Dalmas]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''*<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|West Germany}} [[Christian Danner]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | EX<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Piercarlo Ghinzani]]<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffff&quot;| EX<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[Pascal Fabre]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Alessandro Nannini]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 16<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Alex Caffi]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffff&quot;| DNS<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Spain}} [[Adrián Campos]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#000000&quot; style=&quot;color: white&quot;| DSQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffff&quot;| DNS<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Switzerland}} [[Franco Forini]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Stefano Modena]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Gabriele Tarquini]]<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Nicola Larini]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |- valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Pos<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Driver<br /> ! [[1987 Brazilian Grand Prix|BRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Brazil}}<br /> ! [[1987 San Marino Grand Prix|SMR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|San Marino}}<br /> ! [[1987 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Belgium}}<br /> ! [[1987 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Monaco}}<br /> ! [[1987 Detroit Grand Prix|DET]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|United States}}<br /> ! [[1987 French Grand Prix|FRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|France}}<br /> ! [[1987 British Grand Prix|GBR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|UK}}<br /> ! [[1987 German Grand Prix|GER]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|West Germany}}<br /> ! [[1987 Hungarian Grand Prix|HUN]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Hungary}}<br /> ! [[1987 Austrian Grand Prix|AUT]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Austria}}<br /> ! [[1987 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Italy}}<br /> ! [[1987 Portuguese Grand Prix|POR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Portugal}}<br /> ! [[1987 Spanish Grand Prix|ESP]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Spain}}<br /> ! [[1987 Mexican Grand Prix|MEX]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Mexico}}<br /> ! [[1987 Japanese Grand Prix|JPN]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Japan}}<br /> ! [[1987 Australian Grand Prix|AUS]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Australia}}<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Points<br /> |}<br /> |<br /> {{F1 driver results legend 2}}<br /> |}<br /> {{sup|†}} Drivers did not finish the Grand Prix, but were classified as they completed over 90% of the race distance.<br /> <br /> ===[[Jim Clark]] Trophy (for drivers of cars equipped with [[naturally aspirated engine]]s)===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 85%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |- valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Pos<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Driver<br /> ! [[1987 Brazilian Grand Prix|BRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Brazil}}<br /> ! [[1987 San Marino Grand Prix|SMR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|San Marino}}<br /> ! [[1987 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Belgium}}<br /> ! [[1987 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Monaco}}<br /> ! [[1987 Detroit Grand Prix|DET]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|United States}}<br /> ! [[1987 French Grand Prix|FRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|France}}<br /> ! [[1987 British Grand Prix|GBR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|UK}}<br /> ! [[1987 German Grand Prix|GER]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|West Germany}}<br /> ! [[1987 Hungarian Grand Prix|HUN]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Hungary}}<br /> ! [[1987 Austrian Grand Prix|AUT]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Austria}}<br /> ! [[1987 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Italy}}<br /> ! [[1987 Portuguese Grand Prix|POR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Portugal}}<br /> ! [[1987 Spanish Grand Prix|ESP]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Spain}}<br /> ! [[1987 Mexican Grand Prix|MEX]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Mexico}}<br /> ! [[1987 Japanese Grand Prix|JPN]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Japan}}<br /> ! [[1987 Australian Grand Prix|AUS]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Australia}}<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Points<br /> |-<br /> ! 1<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Jonathan Palmer]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffff&quot;| DNS<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''95'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 2<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[Philippe Streiff]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''74'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 3<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[Philippe Alliot]]<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''43'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 4<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Ivan Capelli]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffff&quot;| DNS<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''38'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 5<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[Pascal Fabre]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''35'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 6<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Roberto Moreno]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''4'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[Yannick Dalmas]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0*'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Nicola Larini]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |- valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Pos<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Driver<br /> ! [[1987 Brazilian Grand Prix|BRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Brazil}}<br /> ! [[1987 San Marino Grand Prix|SMR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|San Marino}}<br /> ! [[1987 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Belgium}}<br /> ! [[1987 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Monaco}}<br /> ! [[1987 Detroit Grand Prix|DET]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|United States}}<br /> ! [[1987 French Grand Prix|FRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|France}}<br /> ! [[1987 British Grand Prix|GBR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|UK}}<br /> ! [[1987 German Grand Prix|GER]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|West Germany}}<br /> ! [[1987 Hungarian Grand Prix|HUN]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Hungary}}<br /> ! [[1987 Austrian Grand Prix|AUT]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Austria}}<br /> ! [[1987 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Italy}}<br /> ! [[1987 Portuguese Grand Prix|POR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Portugal}}<br /> ! [[1987 Spanish Grand Prix|ESP]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Spain}}<br /> ! [[1987 Mexican Grand Prix|MEX]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Mexico}}<br /> ! [[1987 Japanese Grand Prix|JPN]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Japan}}<br /> ! [[1987 Australian Grand Prix|AUS]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Australia}}<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Points<br /> |}<br /> '''*'''Ineligible for points.<br /> <br /> ==1987 Constructors Championship final standings==<br /> Points towards the 1987 FIA Formula One World Championship for Constructors were awarded on a 9-6-4-3-2-1 basis for the top six placed cars at each round. All results were counted (not just best eleven rounds).<br /> {|<br /> |- valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> |<br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 85%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |- valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;|Pos<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;|Constructor<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Car&lt;br /&gt;no.<br /> ! [[1987 Brazilian Grand Prix|BRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Brazil}}<br /> ! [[1987 San Marino Grand Prix|SMR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|San Marino}}<br /> ! [[1987 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Belgium}}<br /> ! [[1987 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Monaco}}<br /> ! [[1987 Detroit Grand Prix|DET]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|United States}}<br /> ! [[1987 French Grand Prix|FRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|France}}<br /> ! [[1987 British Grand Prix|GBR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|UK}}<br /> ! [[1987 German Grand Prix|GER]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|West Germany}}<br /> ! [[1987 Hungarian Grand Prix|HUN]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Hungary}}<br /> ! [[1987 Austrian Grand Prix|AUT]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Austria}}<br /> ! [[1987 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Italy}}<br /> ! [[1987 Portuguese Grand Prix|POR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Portugal}}<br /> ! [[1987 Spanish Grand Prix|ESP]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Spain}}<br /> ! [[1987 Mexican Grand Prix|MEX]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Mexico}}<br /> ! [[1987 Japanese Grand Prix|JPN]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Japan}}<br /> ! [[1987 Australian Grand Prix|AUS]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Australia}}<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;|Pts<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 1<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[WilliamsF1|Williams]]-[[Honda F1|Honda]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 5<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''6'''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''5'''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| ''1''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''''Ret'''''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| '''14'''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| ''1''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;white&quot;| DNS<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;right&quot;| '''137'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 6<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| ''2''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;white&quot;| DNS<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret <br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| ''2''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| ''1''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3 <br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''4''' <br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| ''2''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 15<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret <br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 2<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[McLaren]]-[[Techniques d'Avant Garde|TAG]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 1<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| ''1''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2 <br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| ''7''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret <br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;right&quot;| '''76'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 2<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret <br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 3<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[Honda F1|Honda]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 11<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret <br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;right&quot;| '''64'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 12<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| ''1''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| ''1''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| ''2''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#000000&quot; style=&quot;color: white&quot;| DSQ<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 4<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 27<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 15<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;right&quot;| '''53'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 28<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''''2'''''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| ''Ret''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''''1'''''<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 5<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Benetton Formula|Benetton]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 19<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| ''Ret''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;right&quot;| '''28'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 20<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 16<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 6<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 3<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret <br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;right&quot;| '''11'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 4<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 7<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Arrows Grand Prix International|Arrows]]-[[Megatron (engine)|Megatron]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 17<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;right&quot;| '''11'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 18<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 8<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Brabham]]-[[BMW in Formula One|BMW]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 7<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;right&quot;| '''10'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 8<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 9<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Lola Cars|Lola]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 29<br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> | <br /> | <br /> |<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 5&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;right&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 30<br /> |<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 10<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|FRG}} [[Zakspeed]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 9<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#000000&quot; style=&quot;color: white&quot;| DSQ<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;right&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 10<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | EX<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;white&quot;| DNS<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 11<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Equipe Ligier|Ligier]]-[[Megatron (engine)|Megatron]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 25<br /> |<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;white&quot;| DNS<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;right&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 26<br /> |<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7 <br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffffff&quot;| EX<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=&quot;1&quot;| 12<br /> |rowspan=&quot;1&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Automobiles Gonfaronnaises Sportives|AGS]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 14<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10 <br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |rowspan=&quot;1&quot; align=&quot;right&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=&quot;1&quot;| 13<br /> |rowspan=&quot;1&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[March Engineering|March]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 16<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;white&quot;| DNS<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |rowspan=&quot;1&quot; align=&quot;right&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| —<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Minardi]]-[[Motori Moderni]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 23<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#000000&quot; style=&quot;color: white&quot;| DSQ<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;white&quot;| DNS<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 24<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 16<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret <br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret <br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| —<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Osella]]-[[Alfa Romeo (Formula One)|Alfa Romeo]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 21<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffffff&quot;| DNS<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 22<br /> | <br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> |<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> | <br /> | <br /> |<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=&quot;1&quot;| —<br /> |rowspan=&quot;1&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Enzo Coloni Racing Car Systems|Coloni]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 32<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> | <br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> | <br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |rowspan=&quot;1&quot; align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;|Pos<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;|Constructor<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Car&lt;br /&gt;no.<br /> ! [[1987 Brazilian Grand Prix|BRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Brazil}}<br /> ! [[1987 San Marino Grand Prix|SMR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|San Marino}}<br /> ! [[1987 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Belgium}}<br /> ! [[1987 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Monaco}}<br /> ! [[1987 Detroit Grand Prix|DET]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|United States}}<br /> ! [[1987 French Grand Prix|FRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|France}}<br /> ! [[1987 British Grand Prix|GBR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|UK}}<br /> ! [[1987 German Grand Prix|GER]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|West Germany}}<br /> ! [[1987 Hungarian Grand Prix|HUN]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Hungary}}<br /> ! [[1987 Austrian Grand Prix|AUT]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Austria}}<br /> ! [[1987 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Italy}}<br /> ! [[1987 Portuguese Grand Prix|POR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Portugal}}<br /> ! [[1987 Spanish Grand Prix|ESP]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Spain}}<br /> ! [[1987 Mexican Grand Prix|MEX]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Mexico}}<br /> ! [[1987 Japanese Grand Prix|JPN]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Japan}}<br /> ! [[1987 Australian Grand Prix|AUS]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Australia}}<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;|Pts<br /> |}<br /> |<br /> {{F1 driver results legend 2}}<br /> |}<br /> <br /> {{sup|†}} Dalmas' Lola was ineligible for constructors points, as the team had entered only one car for the championship.<br /> <br /> ===[[Colin Chapman]] Trophy (for constructors of cars equipped with [[naturally aspirated engine]]s)===<br /> {|<br /> |- valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> |<br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 85%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |- valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;|Pos<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;|Constructor<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Car&lt;br /&gt;no.<br /> ! [[1987 Brazilian Grand Prix|BRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Brazil}}<br /> ! [[1987 San Marino Grand Prix|SMR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|San Marino}}<br /> ! [[1987 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Belgium}}<br /> ! [[1987 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Monaco}}<br /> ! [[1987 Detroit Grand Prix|DET]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|United States}}<br /> ! [[1987 French Grand Prix|FRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|France}}<br /> ! [[1987 British Grand Prix|GBR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|UK}}<br /> ! [[1987 German Grand Prix|GER]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|West Germany}}<br /> ! [[1987 Hungarian Grand Prix|HUN]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Hungary}}<br /> ! [[1987 Austrian Grand Prix|AUT]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Austria}}<br /> ! [[1987 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Italy}}<br /> ! [[1987 Portuguese Grand Prix|POR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Portugal}}<br /> ! [[1987 Spanish Grand Prix|ESP]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Spain}}<br /> ! [[1987 Mexican Grand Prix|MEX]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Mexico}}<br /> ! [[1987 Japanese Grand Prix|JPN]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Japan}}<br /> ! [[1987 Australian Grand Prix|AUS]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Australia}}<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;|Pts<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 1<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 3<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret <br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;right&quot;| '''169'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 4<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 2<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Lola Cars|Lola]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 29&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> | <br /> | <br /> |<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 4<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 3<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 2<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;right&quot;| '''43'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 30<br /> |<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=&quot;1&quot;| 3<br /> |rowspan=&quot;1&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Automobiles Gonfaronnaises Sportives|AGS]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 14<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3 <br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 3<br /> |rowspan=&quot;1&quot; align=&quot;right&quot;| '''41'''<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=&quot;1&quot;| 4<br /> |rowspan=&quot;1&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[March Engineering|March]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 16<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;white&quot;| DNS<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |rowspan=&quot;1&quot; align=&quot;right&quot;| '''38'''<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=&quot;1&quot;| —<br /> |rowspan=&quot;1&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Enzo Coloni Racing Car Systems|Coloni]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 32<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> | <br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> | <br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |rowspan=&quot;1&quot; align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;|Pos<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;|Constructor<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Car&lt;br /&gt;no.<br /> ! [[1987 Brazilian Grand Prix|BRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Brazil}}<br /> ! [[1987 San Marino Grand Prix|SMR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|San Marino}}<br /> ! [[1987 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Belgium}}<br /> ! [[1987 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Monaco}}<br /> ! [[1987 Detroit Grand Prix|DET]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|United States}}<br /> ! [[1987 French Grand Prix|FRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|France}}<br /> ! [[1987 British Grand Prix|GBR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|UK}}<br /> ! [[1987 German Grand Prix|GER]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|West Germany}}<br /> ! [[1987 Hungarian Grand Prix|HUN]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Hungary}}<br /> ! [[1987 Austrian Grand Prix|AUT]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Austria}}<br /> ! [[1987 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Italy}}<br /> ! [[1987 Portuguese Grand Prix|POR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Portugal}}<br /> ! [[1987 Spanish Grand Prix|ESP]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Spain}}<br /> ! [[1987 Mexican Grand Prix|MEX]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Mexico}}<br /> ! [[1987 Japanese Grand Prix|JPN]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Japan}}<br /> ! [[1987 Australian Grand Prix|AUS]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Australia}}<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;|Pts<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Notes==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> *[http://f1-facts.com/results/season/1987 Results and images from the 1987 Formula One World Championship] Retrieved from f1-facts.com on 26 April 2009<br /> <br /> {{Formula One Championship}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Formula One seasons]]<br /> [[Category:1987 in Formula One| ]]<br /> <br /> [[ar:بطولة العالم لسباقات الفورمولا واحد موسم 1987]]<br /> [[bg:Световен шампионат на Формула 1 (1987)]]<br /> [[ca:Temporada 1987 de Fórmula 1]]<br /> [[cs:Formule 1 v roce 1987]]<br /> [[de:Formel-1-Saison 1987]]<br /> [[es:Anexo:Temporada 1987 de Fórmula 1]]<br /> [[eu:1987ko 1 Formulako denboraldia]]<br /> [[fa:مسابقات فرمول یک فصل ۱۹۸۷]]<br /> [[fr:Championnat du monde de Formule 1 1987]]<br /> [[gl:Campionato Mundial de Fórmula 1 de 1987]]<br /> [[hr:Formula 1 - sezona 1987.]]<br /> [[id:Formula Satu musim 1987]]<br /> [[it:Campionato mondiale di Formula 1 1987]]<br /> [[he:פורמולה 1 עונת 1987]]<br /> [[lt:1987 m. Formulės 1 sezonas]]<br /> [[hu:1987-es Formula–1 világbajnokság]]<br /> [[mr:१९८७ फॉर्म्युला वन हंगाम]]<br /> [[mzn:فصل ۱۹۸۷ فرمول یک مسابقات]]<br /> [[nl:Formule 1 in 1987]]<br /> [[ja:1987年のF1世界選手権]]<br /> [[no:Formel 1-sesongen 1987]]<br /> [[pl:Formuła 1 Sezon 1987]]<br /> [[pt:Temporada de Fórmula 1 de 1987]]<br /> [[ru:Формула-1 в сезоне 1987]]<br /> [[simple:1987 Formula One season]]<br /> [[sl:Formula 1 sezona 1987]]<br /> [[sr:Формула 1 (1987)]]<br /> [[fi:Formula 1 -kausi 1987]]<br /> [[sv:Formel 1-VM 1987]]</div> Tulumino https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1987_Formula_One_World_Championship&diff=536587355 1987 Formula One World Championship 2013-02-04T21:43:47Z <p>Tulumino: /* 1987 Drivers Championship final standings */ Caffi - motor damage during warm up</p> <hr /> <div>{{F1 season | year = 1987}}<br /> [[File:Piquet a Monza 1983.JPG|thumb|right|[[Nelson Piquet]] won his third world title, driving for Williams.]]<br /> <br /> [[File:Nigelcropped.jpg|thumb|right|Piquet's team mate, [[Nigel Mansell]] was second, twelve points behind.]]<br /> <br /> [[File:Senna imola89.jpg|thumb|right|[[Ayrton Senna]] in the [[Team Lotus|Lotus]] finished the season ranked third.]]<br /> <br /> The '''1987 Formula One season''' was the 38th season of [[Formula One]] motor racing. It featured the 1987 [[FIA]] Formula One World Championship for Drivers and Constructors which commenced on April 12, 1987 and ended on November 15 after sixteen races. This championship also encompassed the [[Jim Clark]] Trophy and the [[Colin Chapman]] Trophy which were contested respectively by drivers and constructors of Formula One cars powered by [[naturally aspirated engine]]s.<br /> <br /> The 1987 World Championship featured a season long duel between the two [[WilliamsF1|Williams]] drivers: Brazilian two-time champion [[Nelson Piquet]] and British driver [[Nigel Mansell]]. The pair won nine of the seasons sixteen races in their [[Williams FW11B]]s, although they had only one win from the first five races. Their mid-season dominance eliminated all competition however. Mansell took six wins compared to the more consistent Piquet with three. The increasingly antagonistic duel came to a premature end at the [[1987 Japanese Grand Prix|Japanese Grand Prix]] when Mansell crashed heavily in practice incurring a back injury that put him out for the two races left in the season.<br /> <br /> The battle for third in the championship was also resolved late in the season, with Brazilian driver [[Ayrton Senna]] driving a [[Lotus 99T]] finished nine points clear of outgoing world champion Frenchman [[Alain Prost]] ([[McLaren MP4/3]]).<br /> <br /> Williams-Honda dominated the Constructors' Championship, claiming 137 points compared to McLaren-TAG on 76 points. [[Team Lotus|Lotus-Honda]] claimed third in the points resisting a late season charge from [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]] led by Austrian driver [[Gerhard Berger]] who won the final two races of the year in Japan and [[1987 Australian Grand Prix|Australia]].<br /> <br /> Two new sub-championships were created for the 1987 season. The [[Jim Clark]] Trophy for drivers of cars powered by naturally aspirated engines and its parallel championship for constructors, the [[Colin Chapman]] Trophy, helped encourage the teams who did not have access to turbocharged engines, while at the same time acknowledging the forthcoming ban on turbos for the [[1989 Formula One season]]. British driver [[Jonathan Palmer]] ([[Tyrrell DG016]]) won the championship, wrapping it up early in Japan and finishing 21 points ahead of his French teammate [[Philippe Streiff]]. As [[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell]] was the only two-car team in the Colin Chapman trophy, they dominated. [[Philippe Alliot]]'s results in the [[Larrousse]]-entered [[Lola LC87]] were sufficient to earn him third place in the Jim Clark Trophy and Lola second in the Colin Chapman Trophy.<br /> <br /> 1987 saw new rules introduced in an effort to not only make the returning [[Naturally aspirated engine|normally aspirated]] more competitive, but to reduce costs and also slow the cars down with a resultant increase in safety. As part of a two-year plan to phase turbos out of Formula One, the FIA introduced a mandatory pop-off valve to the turbo powered cars which restricted boost to 4.0 bar, thus limiting engine power (one unnamed mechanic was heard to remark at the season opener in [[1987 Brazilian Grand Prix|Brazil]] that the pop-off valve was &quot;the only crude piece of engineering on a modern Grand Prix car&quot;). However, advances in engine development, aerodynamics, tyres and suspension meant that, despite the turbo limit, the leading teams such as Williams, McLaren and Ferrari regularly recorded faster times than they had in 1986 when turbo boost was unrestricted. The FIA also banned the super soft (and sticky) qualifying tyres in 1987, which eliminated the unpopular practice of having to find a clear lap on tyres which were good for two flying laps at best.<br /> <br /> ==Drivers and constructors==<br /> The following drivers and constructors competed in the 1987 season.<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 85%&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Entrant<br /> ! Constructor<br /> ! Chassis<br /> ! Engine<br /> ! Tyres<br /> ! No<br /> ! Driver<br /> ! Rounds<br /> ! Test driver(s)<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[McLaren|Marlboro McLaren International]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[McLaren]]-[[Techniques d'Avant Garde|TAG]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[McLaren MP4/3|MP4/3]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Techniques d'Avant Garde|TAG]] TTE PO1 1.5 [[V6]][[Turbocharger|t]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 1<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Alain Prost]]<br /> | All<br /> | rowspan=2 align=&quot;center&quot; | &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:87%;&quot;&gt;''n/a''<br /> |-<br /> | 2<br /> | {{flagicon|SWE}} [[Stefan Johansson]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Tyrrell Racing|Data General Team Tyrrell]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Tyrrell DG016|DG016]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV#DFZ|Ford Cosworth DFZ]] 3.5 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 3<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Jonathan Palmer]]<br /> | All<br /> | rowspan=2 align=&quot;center&quot; | &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:87%;&quot;&gt;''n/a''<br /> |-<br /> | 4<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Philippe Streiff]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[WilliamsF1|Canon Williams Honda Team]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[WilliamsF1|Williams]]-[[Honda Racing F1|Honda]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[Williams FW11|FW11B]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[Honda Racing F1|Honda]] RA167E 1.5 [[V6]][[Turbocharger|t]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 5<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Nigel Mansell]]<br /> | 1-15<br /> | rowspan=3 align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:87%;&quot;&gt;{{flagicon|France}} [[Jean-Louis Schlesser]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Riccardo Patrese]]<br /> | 16<br /> |-<br /> | 6<br /> | {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Nelson Piquet]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Brabham|Motor Racing Developments]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[Brabham]]-[[BMW in Formula One|BMW]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[Brabham BT56|BT56]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[BMW M12]]/13 1.5 [[Straight-4|L4]][[Turbocharger|t]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 7<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Riccardo Patrese]]<br /> | 1-15<br /> | rowspan=3 align=&quot;center&quot; | &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:87%;&quot;&gt;''n/a''<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Stefano Modena]]<br /> | 16<br /> |-<br /> | 8<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Andrea de Cesaris]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|FRG}} [[Zakspeed|West Zakspeed Racing]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Zakspeed]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Zakspeed 861|861]]&lt;br&gt;[[Zakspeed 871|871]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Zakspeed]] 1500/4 1.5 [[Straight-4|L4]][[Turbocharger|t]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 9<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Martin Brundle]]<br /> | All<br /> | rowspan=2 align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:87%;&quot;&gt;{{flagicon|Hungary}} [[Csaba Kesjár]]&lt;ref name=&quot;test drivers&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.driverdb.com/standings/4-1987/|title=Formula 1 - Test driver 1987|publisher=driverdb.com|accessdate=22 August 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | 10<br /> | {{flagicon|FRG}} [[Christian Danner]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|Great Britain}} [[Team Lotus|Camel Team Lotus Honda]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[Honda Racing F1|Honda]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Lotus 99T|99T]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Honda Racing F1|Honda]] RA166E 1.5 [[V6]][[Turbocharger|t]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 11<br /> | {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Satoru Nakajima]]<br /> | All<br /> | rowspan=2 align=&quot;center&quot; | &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:87%;&quot;&gt;''n/a''<br /> |-<br /> | 12<br /> | {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Ayrton Senna]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Automobiles Gonfaronnaises Sportives|Team El Charro AGS]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Automobiles Gonfaronnaises Sportives|AGS]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[AGS JH22|JH22]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV#DFZ|Ford Cosworth DFZ]] 3.5 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 14<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Pascal Fabre]]<br /> | 1-14<br /> | rowspan=2 align=&quot;center&quot; | &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:87%;&quot;&gt;''n/a''<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Roberto Moreno]]<br /> | 15-16<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[March Engineering|Leyton House March Racing Team]]<br /> ! [[March Engineering|March]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | [[March 87P|87P]]&lt;br&gt;[[March 871|871]]<br /> | [[Cosworth DFV#DFZ|Ford Cosworth DFZ]] 3.5 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> | {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 16<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Ivan Capelli]]<br /> | All<br /> | align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:87%;&quot;&gt;{{flagicon|DEN}} [[Kris Nissen]]<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Arrows Grand Prix International|USF&amp;G Arrows Megatron]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Arrows Grand Prix International|Arrows]]-[[Megatron (engine)|Megatron]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Arrows A10|A10]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[BMW M12|Megatron M12/13]] 1.5 [[Straight-4|L4]][[Turbocharger|t]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 17<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Derek Warwick]]<br /> | All<br /> | rowspan=2 align=&quot;center&quot; | &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:87%;&quot;&gt;''n/a''<br /> |-<br /> | 18<br /> | {{flagicon|USA}} [[Eddie Cheever]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Benetton Formula|Benetton Formula Ltd]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Benetton Formula|Benetton]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Benetton B187|B187]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Cosworth#Other Formula One engines|Ford Cosworth GBA]] 1.5 [[V6]][[Turbocharger|t]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 19<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Teo Fabi]]<br /> | All<br /> | rowspan=2 align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:87%;&quot;&gt;{{flagicon|GBR}} [[Johnny Dumfries]]&lt;ref name=&quot;test drivers&quot;/&gt; &lt;br&gt;{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Emanuele Pirro]]<br /> |-<br /> | 20<br /> | {{flagicon|BEL}} [[Thierry Boutsen]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Osella|Osella Squadra Corse]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[Osella]]-[[Alfa Romeo in Formula One|Alfa Romeo]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[Osella FA1I|FA1I]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[Alfa Romeo in Formula One|Alfa Romeo]] 890T 1.5 [[V8 engine|V8]][[Turbocharger|t]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 21<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Alex Caffi]]<br /> | All<br /> | rowspan=3 align=&quot;center&quot; | &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:87%;&quot;&gt;''n/a''<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 22<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Gabriele Tarquini]]<br /> | 2<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|SUI}} [[Franco Forini]]<br /> | 11-13<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Minardi|Minardi Team SpA]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Minardi]]-[[Motori Moderni]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Minardi M187|M187]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Motori Moderni]] Tipo 615-90 1.5 [[V6]][[Turbocharger|t]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 23<br /> | {{flagicon|ESP}} [[Adrián Campos]]<br /> | All<br /> | rowspan=2 align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:87%;&quot;&gt;{{flagicon|Italy}} [[Franco Scapini]]<br /> |-<br /> | 24<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Alessandro Nannini]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Equipe Ligier|Ligier Loto]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Equipe Ligier|Ligier]]-[[Megatron (engine)|Megatron]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Ligier JS29|JS29]]&lt;br&gt;[[Ligier JS29B|JS29B]]&lt;br&gt;[[Ligier JS29C|JS29C]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[BMW M12|Megatron M12/13]] 1.5 [[Straight-4|L4]][[Turbocharger|t]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 25<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[René Arnoux]]<br /> | 2-16<br /> | rowspan=2 align=&quot;center&quot; | &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:87%;&quot;&gt;''n/a''<br /> |-<br /> | 26<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Piercarlo Ghinzani]]<br /> | 2-16<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Scuderia Ferrari SpA SEFAC]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Ferrari F1/87|F1/87]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]] 033D 1.5 [[V6]][[Turbocharger|t]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 27<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Michele Alboreto]]<br /> | All<br /> | rowspan=2 align=&quot;center&quot; | &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:87%;&quot;&gt;''n/a''<br /> |-<br /> | 28<br /> | {{flagicon|AUT}} [[Gerhard Berger]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Larrousse|Larrousse Calmels]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Lola Cars|Lola]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Lola LC87|LC87]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV#DFZ|Ford Cosworth DFZ]] 3.5 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 29<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Yannick Dalmas]]<br /> | 14-16<br /> | rowspan=2 align=&quot;center&quot; | &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:87%;&quot;&gt;''n/a''<br /> |-<br /> | 30<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Philippe Alliot]]<br /> | 2-16<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Middlebridge Racing]]<br /> ! [[Benetton Formula|Benetton]]-[[BMW]]<br /> | [[Benetton Formula|B186]]<br /> | [[BMW M12]]/13 1.5 [[Straight-4|L4]][[Turbocharger|t]]<br /> | {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 31<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Emanuele Pirro]]<br /> | None†<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:87%;&quot;&gt;''n/a''<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Enzo Coloni Racing Car Systems|Enzo Coloni Racing Car System]]<br /> ! [[Enzo Coloni Racing Car Systems|Coloni]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | [[Coloni FC187|FC187]]<br /> | [[Cosworth DFV#DFZ|Ford Cosworth DFZ]] 3.5 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> | {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 32<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Nicola Larini]]<br /> | 11, 13<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:87%;&quot;&gt;''n/a''<br /> |}<br /> <br /> {{sup|†}} Pirro's car was entered for Monza, but was refused due to the team not meeting the requirements of the Concorde Agreement.<br /> <br /> ==Season review==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 85%&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Rd.<br /> ! Grand Prix<br /> ! Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Pole Position<br /> ! Fastest Lap<br /> ! Winning Driver<br /> ! Constructor<br /> ! Report<br /> |-<br /> ! 1<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Brazilian Grand Prix]]<br /> | April 12<br /> | [[Autódromo Internacional Nelson Piquet|Jacarepaguá]]<br /> | {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Nigel Mansell]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Nelson Piquet]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Alain Prost]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[McLaren]]-[[Techniques d'Avant Garde|TAG]]<br /> | [[1987 Brazilian Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 2<br /> | {{flagicon|San Marino}} [[San Marino Grand Prix]]<br /> | May 3<br /> | [[Autodromo Enzo e Dino Ferrari|Imola]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Ayrton Senna]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Teo Fabi]]<br /> | {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Nigel Mansell]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[WilliamsF1|Williams]]-[[Honda Racing F1|Honda]]<br /> | [[1987 San Marino Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 3<br /> | {{flagicon|Belgium}} [[Belgian Grand Prix]]<br /> | May 17<br /> | [[Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps|Spa-Francorchamps]]<br /> | {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Nigel Mansell]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Alain Prost]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Alain Prost]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[McLaren]]-[[Techniques d'Avant Garde|TAG]]<br /> | [[1987 Belgian Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 4<br /> | {{flagicon|Monaco}} [[Monaco Grand Prix]]<br /> | May 31<br /> | [[Circuit de Monaco|Monaco]]<br /> | {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Nigel Mansell]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Ayrton Senna]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Ayrton Senna]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[Honda Racing F1|Honda]]<br /> | [[1987 Monaco Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 5<br /> | {{flagicon|United States}} [[Detroit Grand Prix]]<br /> | June 21<br /> | [[Detroit street circuit|Detroit]]<br /> | {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Nigel Mansell]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Ayrton Senna]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Ayrton Senna]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[Honda Racing F1|Honda]]<br /> | [[1987 Detroit Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 6<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[French Grand Prix]]<br /> | July 5<br /> | [[Paul Ricard Circuit|Paul Ricard]]<br /> | {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Nigel Mansell]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Nelson Piquet]]<br /> | {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Nigel Mansell]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[WilliamsF1|Williams]]-[[Honda Racing F1|Honda]]<br /> | [[1987 French Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 7<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[British Grand Prix]]<br /> | July 12<br /> | [[Silverstone Circuit|Silverstone]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Nelson Piquet]]<br /> | {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Nigel Mansell]]<br /> | {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Nigel Mansell]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[WilliamsF1|Williams]]-[[Honda Racing F1|Honda]]<br /> | [[1987 British Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 8<br /> | {{flagicon|West Germany}} [[German Grand Prix]]<br /> | July 26<br /> | [[Hockenheimring]]<br /> | {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Nigel Mansell]]<br /> | {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Nigel Mansell]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Nelson Piquet]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[WilliamsF1|Williams]]-[[Honda Racing F1|Honda]]<br /> | [[1987 German Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 9<br /> | {{flagicon|Hungary}} [[Hungarian Grand Prix]]<br /> | August 9<br /> | [[Hungaroring]]<br /> | {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Nigel Mansell]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Nelson Piquet]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Nelson Piquet]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[WilliamsF1|Williams]]-[[Honda Racing F1|Honda]]<br /> | [[1987 Hungarian Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 10<br /> | {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Austrian Grand Prix]]<br /> | August 16<br /> | [[Österreichring]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Nelson Piquet]]<br /> | {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Nigel Mansell]]<br /> | {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Nigel Mansell]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[WilliamsF1|Williams]]-[[Honda Racing F1|Honda]]<br /> | [[1987 Austrian Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 11<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Italian Grand Prix]]<br /> | September 6<br /> | [[Autodromo Nazionale Monza|Monza]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Nelson Piquet]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Ayrton Senna]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Nelson Piquet]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[WilliamsF1|Williams]]-[[Honda Racing F1|Honda]]<br /> | [[1987 Italian Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 12<br /> | {{flagicon|Portugal}} [[Portuguese Grand Prix]]<br /> | September 20<br /> | [[Autódromo do Estoril|Estoril]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Gerhard Berger]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Gerhard Berger]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Alain Prost]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[McLaren]]-[[Techniques d'Avant Garde|TAG]]<br /> | [[1987 Portuguese Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 13<br /> | {{flagicon|Spain}} [[Spanish Grand Prix]]<br /> | September 27<br /> | [[Circuito de Jerez|Jerez]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Nelson Piquet]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Gerhard Berger]]<br /> | {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Nigel Mansell]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[WilliamsF1|Williams]]-[[Honda Racing F1|Honda]]<br /> | [[1987 Spanish Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 14<br /> | {{flagicon|Mexico}} [[Mexican Grand Prix]]<br /> | October 18<br /> | [[Autódromo Hermanos Rodríguez|Hermanos Rodríguez]]<br /> | {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Nigel Mansell]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Nelson Piquet]]<br /> | {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[Nigel Mansell]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[WilliamsF1|Williams]]-[[Honda Racing F1|Honda]]<br /> | [[1987 Mexican Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 15<br /> | {{flagicon|Japan}} [[Japanese Grand Prix]]<br /> | November 1<br /> | [[Suzuka Circuit|Suzuka]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Gerhard Berger]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Alain Prost]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Gerhard Berger]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> | [[1987 Japanese Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 16<br /> | {{flagicon|Australia}} [[Australian Grand Prix]]<br /> | November 15<br /> | [[Adelaide Street Circuit|Adelaide]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Gerhard Berger]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Gerhard Berger]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Gerhard Berger]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> | [[1987 Australian Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==1987 Drivers Championship final standings==<br /> Points towards the 1987 FIA Formula One World Championship for Drivers were awarded on a 9-6-4-3-2-1 basis to the top six placed drivers at each round. However only the best eleven round results were counted towards each driver's championship total.<br /> {|<br /> |- valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> |<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 85%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |- valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Pos<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Driver<br /> ! [[1987 Brazilian Grand Prix|BRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Brazil}}<br /> ! [[1987 San Marino Grand Prix|SMR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|San Marino}}<br /> ! [[1987 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Belgium}}<br /> ! [[1987 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Monaco}}<br /> ! [[1987 Detroit Grand Prix|DET]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|United States}}<br /> ! [[1987 French Grand Prix|FRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|France}}<br /> ! [[1987 British Grand Prix|GBR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|UK}}<br /> ! [[1987 German Grand Prix|GER]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|West Germany}}<br /> ! [[1987 Hungarian Grand Prix|HUN]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Hungary}}<br /> ! [[1987 Austrian Grand Prix|AUT]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Austria}}<br /> ! [[1987 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Italy}}<br /> ! [[1987 Portuguese Grand Prix|POR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Portugal}}<br /> ! [[1987 Spanish Grand Prix|ESP]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Spain}}<br /> ! [[1987 Mexican Grand Prix|MEX]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Mexico}}<br /> ! [[1987 Japanese Grand Prix|JPN]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Japan}}<br /> ! [[1987 Australian Grand Prix|AUS]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Australia}}<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Points&lt;ref name=&quot;points&quot;&gt;Only the best 11 results counted towards the Drivers' Championship. Numbers without parentheses are Championship points; numbers in parentheses are total points scored.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> ! 1<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Nelson Piquet]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| ''2''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffff&quot;| DNS<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| ''2''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| ''1''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''4'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| ''2''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 15&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''73 (76)'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 2<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Nigel Mansell]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''6'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''5'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| ''1''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''''Ret'''''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| '''14'''&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| ''1''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffff&quot;| DNS<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''61'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 3<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Ayrton Senna]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| ''1''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| ''1''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| ''2''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#000000&quot; style=&quot;color: white&quot;| DSQ<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''57'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 4<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[Alain Prost]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| ''1''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 15<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| ''7''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''46'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 5<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Gerhard Berger]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''''2'''''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| ''Ret''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''''1'''''<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''36'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 6<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Sweden}} [[Stefan Johansson]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''30'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 7<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Michele Alboreto]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 15&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''17'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 8<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Belgium}} [[Thierry Boutsen]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 16&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''16'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 9<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Teo Fabi]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| ''Ret''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''12'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 10<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Eddie Cheever]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''8'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 11<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Jonathan Palmer]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''7'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 12<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Japan}} [[Satoru Nakajima]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''7'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 13<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Riccardo Patrese]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''6'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 14<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Andrea de Cesaris]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''4'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 15<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[Philippe Streiff]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''4'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 16<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Derek Warwick]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 17<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[Philippe Alliot]]<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 18<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Martin Brundle]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#000000&quot; style=&quot;color: white&quot;| DSQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 19<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Ivan Capelli]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffff&quot;| DNS<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 20<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[René Arnoux]]<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffff&quot;| DNS<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 21<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Roberto Moreno]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[Yannick Dalmas]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''*<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|West Germany}} [[Christian Danner]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | EX<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Piercarlo Ghinzani]]<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffff&quot;| EX<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[Pascal Fabre]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Alessandro Nannini]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 16<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Alex Caffi]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffff&quot;| DNS<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Spain}} [[Adrián Campos]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#000000&quot; style=&quot;color: white&quot;| DSQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffff&quot;| DNS<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Switzerland}} [[Franco Forini]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Stefano Modena]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Gabriele Tarquini]]<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Nicola Larini]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |- valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Pos<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Driver<br /> ! [[1987 Brazilian Grand Prix|BRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Brazil}}<br /> ! [[1987 San Marino Grand Prix|SMR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|San Marino}}<br /> ! [[1987 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Belgium}}<br /> ! [[1987 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Monaco}}<br /> ! [[1987 Detroit Grand Prix|DET]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|United States}}<br /> ! [[1987 French Grand Prix|FRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|France}}<br /> ! [[1987 British Grand Prix|GBR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|UK}}<br /> ! [[1987 German Grand Prix|GER]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|West Germany}}<br /> ! [[1987 Hungarian Grand Prix|HUN]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Hungary}}<br /> ! [[1987 Austrian Grand Prix|AUT]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Austria}}<br /> ! [[1987 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Italy}}<br /> ! [[1987 Portuguese Grand Prix|POR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Portugal}}<br /> ! [[1987 Spanish Grand Prix|ESP]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Spain}}<br /> ! [[1987 Mexican Grand Prix|MEX]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Mexico}}<br /> ! [[1987 Japanese Grand Prix|JPN]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Japan}}<br /> ! [[1987 Australian Grand Prix|AUS]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Australia}}<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Points<br /> |}<br /> |<br /> {{F1 driver results legend 2}}<br /> |}<br /> {{sup|†}} Drivers did not finish the Grand Prix, but were classified as they completed over 90% of the race distance.<br /> <br /> ===[[Jim Clark]] Trophy (for drivers of cars equipped with [[naturally aspirated engine]]s)===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 85%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |- valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Pos<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Driver<br /> ! [[1987 Brazilian Grand Prix|BRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Brazil}}<br /> ! [[1987 San Marino Grand Prix|SMR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|San Marino}}<br /> ! [[1987 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Belgium}}<br /> ! [[1987 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Monaco}}<br /> ! [[1987 Detroit Grand Prix|DET]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|United States}}<br /> ! [[1987 French Grand Prix|FRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|France}}<br /> ! [[1987 British Grand Prix|GBR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|UK}}<br /> ! [[1987 German Grand Prix|GER]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|West Germany}}<br /> ! [[1987 Hungarian Grand Prix|HUN]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Hungary}}<br /> ! [[1987 Austrian Grand Prix|AUT]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Austria}}<br /> ! [[1987 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Italy}}<br /> ! [[1987 Portuguese Grand Prix|POR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Portugal}}<br /> ! [[1987 Spanish Grand Prix|ESP]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Spain}}<br /> ! [[1987 Mexican Grand Prix|MEX]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Mexico}}<br /> ! [[1987 Japanese Grand Prix|JPN]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Japan}}<br /> ! [[1987 Australian Grand Prix|AUS]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Australia}}<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Points<br /> |-<br /> ! 1<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Jonathan Palmer]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffff&quot;| DNS<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''95'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 2<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[Philippe Streiff]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''74'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 3<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[Philippe Alliot]]<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''43'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 4<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Ivan Capelli]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffff&quot;| DNS<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''38'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 5<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[Pascal Fabre]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''35'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 6<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Roberto Moreno]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''4'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[Yannick Dalmas]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0*'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Nicola Larini]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |- valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Pos<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Driver<br /> ! [[1987 Brazilian Grand Prix|BRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Brazil}}<br /> ! [[1987 San Marino Grand Prix|SMR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|San Marino}}<br /> ! [[1987 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Belgium}}<br /> ! [[1987 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Monaco}}<br /> ! [[1987 Detroit Grand Prix|DET]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|United States}}<br /> ! [[1987 French Grand Prix|FRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|France}}<br /> ! [[1987 British Grand Prix|GBR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|UK}}<br /> ! [[1987 German Grand Prix|GER]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|West Germany}}<br /> ! [[1987 Hungarian Grand Prix|HUN]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Hungary}}<br /> ! [[1987 Austrian Grand Prix|AUT]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Austria}}<br /> ! [[1987 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Italy}}<br /> ! [[1987 Portuguese Grand Prix|POR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Portugal}}<br /> ! [[1987 Spanish Grand Prix|ESP]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Spain}}<br /> ! [[1987 Mexican Grand Prix|MEX]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Mexico}}<br /> ! [[1987 Japanese Grand Prix|JPN]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Japan}}<br /> ! [[1987 Australian Grand Prix|AUS]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Australia}}<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Points<br /> |}<br /> '''*'''Ineligible for points.<br /> <br /> ==1987 Constructors Championship final standings==<br /> Points towards the 1987 FIA Formula One World Championship for Constructors were awarded on a 9-6-4-3-2-1 basis for the top six placed cars at each round. All results were counted (not just best eleven rounds).<br /> {|<br /> |- valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> |<br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 85%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |- valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;|Pos<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;|Constructor<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Car&lt;br /&gt;no.<br /> ! [[1987 Brazilian Grand Prix|BRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Brazil}}<br /> ! [[1987 San Marino Grand Prix|SMR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|San Marino}}<br /> ! [[1987 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Belgium}}<br /> ! [[1987 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Monaco}}<br /> ! [[1987 Detroit Grand Prix|DET]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|United States}}<br /> ! [[1987 French Grand Prix|FRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|France}}<br /> ! [[1987 British Grand Prix|GBR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|UK}}<br /> ! [[1987 German Grand Prix|GER]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|West Germany}}<br /> ! [[1987 Hungarian Grand Prix|HUN]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Hungary}}<br /> ! [[1987 Austrian Grand Prix|AUT]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Austria}}<br /> ! [[1987 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Italy}}<br /> ! [[1987 Portuguese Grand Prix|POR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Portugal}}<br /> ! [[1987 Spanish Grand Prix|ESP]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Spain}}<br /> ! [[1987 Mexican Grand Prix|MEX]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Mexico}}<br /> ! [[1987 Japanese Grand Prix|JPN]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Japan}}<br /> ! [[1987 Australian Grand Prix|AUS]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Australia}}<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;|Pts<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 1<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[WilliamsF1|Williams]]-[[Honda F1|Honda]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 5<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''6'''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''5'''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| ''1''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''''Ret'''''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| '''14'''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| ''1''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;white&quot;| DNS<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;right&quot;| '''137'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 6<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| ''2''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;white&quot;| DNS<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret <br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| ''2''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| ''1''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3 <br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''4''' <br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| ''2''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 15<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret <br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 2<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[McLaren]]-[[Techniques d'Avant Garde|TAG]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 1<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| ''1''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2 <br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| ''7''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret <br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;right&quot;| '''76'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 2<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret <br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 3<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[Honda F1|Honda]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 11<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret <br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;right&quot;| '''64'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 12<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| ''1''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| ''1''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| ''2''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#000000&quot; style=&quot;color: white&quot;| DSQ<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 4<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 27<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 15<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;right&quot;| '''53'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 28<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''''2'''''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| ''Ret''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''''1'''''<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 5<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Benetton Formula|Benetton]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 19<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| ''Ret''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;right&quot;| '''28'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 20<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 16<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 6<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 3<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret <br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;right&quot;| '''11'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 4<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 7<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Arrows Grand Prix International|Arrows]]-[[Megatron (engine)|Megatron]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 17<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;right&quot;| '''11'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 18<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 8<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Brabham]]-[[BMW in Formula One|BMW]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 7<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;right&quot;| '''10'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 8<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 9<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Lola Cars|Lola]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 29<br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> | <br /> | <br /> |<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 5&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;right&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 30<br /> |<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 10<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|FRG}} [[Zakspeed]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 9<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#000000&quot; style=&quot;color: white&quot;| DSQ<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;right&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 10<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | EX<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;white&quot;| DNS<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 11<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Equipe Ligier|Ligier]]-[[Megatron (engine)|Megatron]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 25<br /> |<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;white&quot;| DNS<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;right&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 26<br /> |<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7 <br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffffff&quot;| EX<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=&quot;1&quot;| 12<br /> |rowspan=&quot;1&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Automobiles Gonfaronnaises Sportives|AGS]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 14<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10 <br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |rowspan=&quot;1&quot; align=&quot;right&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=&quot;1&quot;| 13<br /> |rowspan=&quot;1&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[March Engineering|March]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 16<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;white&quot;| DNS<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |rowspan=&quot;1&quot; align=&quot;right&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| —<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Minardi]]-[[Motori Moderni]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 23<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#000000&quot; style=&quot;color: white&quot;| DSQ<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;white&quot;| DNS<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 24<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 16<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret <br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret <br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| —<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Osella]]-[[Alfa Romeo (Formula One)|Alfa Romeo]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 21<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 22<br /> | <br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> |<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> | <br /> | <br /> |<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=&quot;1&quot;| —<br /> |rowspan=&quot;1&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Enzo Coloni Racing Car Systems|Coloni]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 32<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> | <br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> | <br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |rowspan=&quot;1&quot; align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;|Pos<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;|Constructor<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Car&lt;br /&gt;no.<br /> ! [[1987 Brazilian Grand Prix|BRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Brazil}}<br /> ! [[1987 San Marino Grand Prix|SMR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|San Marino}}<br /> ! [[1987 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Belgium}}<br /> ! [[1987 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Monaco}}<br /> ! [[1987 Detroit Grand Prix|DET]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|United States}}<br /> ! [[1987 French Grand Prix|FRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|France}}<br /> ! [[1987 British Grand Prix|GBR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|UK}}<br /> ! [[1987 German Grand Prix|GER]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|West Germany}}<br /> ! [[1987 Hungarian Grand Prix|HUN]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Hungary}}<br /> ! [[1987 Austrian Grand Prix|AUT]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Austria}}<br /> ! [[1987 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Italy}}<br /> ! [[1987 Portuguese Grand Prix|POR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Portugal}}<br /> ! [[1987 Spanish Grand Prix|ESP]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Spain}}<br /> ! [[1987 Mexican Grand Prix|MEX]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Mexico}}<br /> ! [[1987 Japanese Grand Prix|JPN]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Japan}}<br /> ! [[1987 Australian Grand Prix|AUS]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Australia}}<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;|Pts<br /> |}<br /> |<br /> {{F1 driver results legend 2}}<br /> |}<br /> <br /> {{sup|†}} Dalmas' Lola was ineligible for constructors points, as the team had entered only one car for the championship.<br /> <br /> ===[[Colin Chapman]] Trophy (for constructors of cars equipped with [[naturally aspirated engine]]s)===<br /> {|<br /> |- valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> |<br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 85%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |- valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;|Pos<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;|Constructor<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Car&lt;br /&gt;no.<br /> ! [[1987 Brazilian Grand Prix|BRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Brazil}}<br /> ! [[1987 San Marino Grand Prix|SMR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|San Marino}}<br /> ! [[1987 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Belgium}}<br /> ! [[1987 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Monaco}}<br /> ! [[1987 Detroit Grand Prix|DET]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|United States}}<br /> ! [[1987 French Grand Prix|FRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|France}}<br /> ! [[1987 British Grand Prix|GBR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|UK}}<br /> ! [[1987 German Grand Prix|GER]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|West Germany}}<br /> ! [[1987 Hungarian Grand Prix|HUN]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Hungary}}<br /> ! [[1987 Austrian Grand Prix|AUT]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Austria}}<br /> ! [[1987 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Italy}}<br /> ! [[1987 Portuguese Grand Prix|POR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Portugal}}<br /> ! [[1987 Spanish Grand Prix|ESP]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Spain}}<br /> ! [[1987 Mexican Grand Prix|MEX]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Mexico}}<br /> ! [[1987 Japanese Grand Prix|JPN]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Japan}}<br /> ! [[1987 Australian Grand Prix|AUS]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Australia}}<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;|Pts<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 1<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 3<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret <br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;right&quot;| '''169'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 4<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 2<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Lola Cars|Lola]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 29&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> | <br /> | <br /> |<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 4<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 3<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 2<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;right&quot;| '''43'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 30<br /> |<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=&quot;1&quot;| 3<br /> |rowspan=&quot;1&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Automobiles Gonfaronnaises Sportives|AGS]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 14<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3 <br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 3<br /> |rowspan=&quot;1&quot; align=&quot;right&quot;| '''41'''<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=&quot;1&quot;| 4<br /> |rowspan=&quot;1&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[March Engineering|March]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 16<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;white&quot;| DNS<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |rowspan=&quot;1&quot; align=&quot;right&quot;| '''38'''<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=&quot;1&quot;| —<br /> |rowspan=&quot;1&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Enzo Coloni Racing Car Systems|Coloni]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 32<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> | <br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> | <br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |rowspan=&quot;1&quot; align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;|Pos<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;|Constructor<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Car&lt;br /&gt;no.<br /> ! [[1987 Brazilian Grand Prix|BRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Brazil}}<br /> ! [[1987 San Marino Grand Prix|SMR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|San Marino}}<br /> ! [[1987 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Belgium}}<br /> ! [[1987 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Monaco}}<br /> ! [[1987 Detroit Grand Prix|DET]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|United States}}<br /> ! [[1987 French Grand Prix|FRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|France}}<br /> ! [[1987 British Grand Prix|GBR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|UK}}<br /> ! [[1987 German Grand Prix|GER]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|West Germany}}<br /> ! [[1987 Hungarian Grand Prix|HUN]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Hungary}}<br /> ! [[1987 Austrian Grand Prix|AUT]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Austria}}<br /> ! [[1987 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Italy}}<br /> ! [[1987 Portuguese Grand Prix|POR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Portugal}}<br /> ! [[1987 Spanish Grand Prix|ESP]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Spain}}<br /> ! [[1987 Mexican Grand Prix|MEX]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Mexico}}<br /> ! [[1987 Japanese Grand Prix|JPN]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Japan}}<br /> ! [[1987 Australian Grand Prix|AUS]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Australia}}<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;|Pts<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Notes==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> *[http://f1-facts.com/results/season/1987 Results and images from the 1987 Formula One World Championship] Retrieved from f1-facts.com on 26 April 2009<br /> <br /> {{Formula One Championship}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Formula One seasons]]<br /> [[Category:1987 in Formula One| ]]<br /> <br /> [[ar:بطولة العالم لسباقات الفورمولا واحد موسم 1987]]<br /> [[bg:Световен шампионат на Формула 1 (1987)]]<br /> [[ca:Temporada 1987 de Fórmula 1]]<br /> [[cs:Formule 1 v roce 1987]]<br /> [[de:Formel-1-Saison 1987]]<br /> [[es:Anexo:Temporada 1987 de Fórmula 1]]<br /> [[eu:1987ko 1 Formulako denboraldia]]<br /> [[fa:مسابقات فرمول یک فصل ۱۹۸۷]]<br /> [[fr:Championnat du monde de Formule 1 1987]]<br /> [[gl:Campionato Mundial de Fórmula 1 de 1987]]<br /> [[hr:Formula 1 - sezona 1987.]]<br /> [[id:Formula Satu musim 1987]]<br /> [[it:Campionato mondiale di Formula 1 1987]]<br /> [[he:פורמולה 1 עונת 1987]]<br /> [[lt:1987 m. Formulės 1 sezonas]]<br /> [[hu:1987-es Formula–1 világbajnokság]]<br /> [[mr:१९८७ फॉर्म्युला वन हंगाम]]<br /> [[mzn:فصل ۱۹۸۷ فرمول یک مسابقات]]<br /> [[nl:Formule 1 in 1987]]<br /> [[ja:1987年のF1世界選手権]]<br /> [[no:Formel 1-sesongen 1987]]<br /> [[pl:Formuła 1 Sezon 1987]]<br /> [[pt:Temporada de Fórmula 1 de 1987]]<br /> [[ru:Формула-1 в сезоне 1987]]<br /> [[simple:1987 Formula One season]]<br /> [[sl:Formula 1 sezona 1987]]<br /> [[sr:Формула 1 (1987)]]<br /> [[fi:Formula 1 -kausi 1987]]<br /> [[sv:Formel 1-VM 1987]]</div> Tulumino https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1979_Formula_One_season&diff=536111570 1979 Formula One season 2013-02-02T00:33:02Z <p>Tulumino: /* 1979 World Championship of F1 Drivers - final standings */ DNS</p> <hr /> <div>{{F1 season | year = 1979}}<br /> The '''1979 Formula One season''' was the 30th season of [[FIA]] [[Formula One]] motor racing. It featured the 1979 World Championship of F1 Drivers &lt;ref&gt;FIA Yearbook 1980, Grey Section, page 84&lt;/ref&gt; and the 1979 International Cup for F1 Constructors &lt;ref&gt;FIA Yearbook 1980, Grey Section, page 85&lt;/ref&gt; which were contested concurrently over a fifteen round series which commenced on January 21, 1979, and ended on October 7. The season also included three non-championship Formula One races.<br /> <br /> ==Drivers and constructors==<br /> [[File:Scheckter Monza 1979.jpg|thumb|200px|Jody Scheckter won the driver's championship, driving for Ferrari]]<br /> [[File:Gilles Villeneuve 1979 Imola.jpg|thumb|200px|Canadian Gilles Villeneuve placed second in the 1979 World Championship of F1 Drivers behind Ferrari teammate Jody Scheckter]] <br /> The following drivers and constructors contested the 1979 World Championship of F1 Drivers and the 1979 International Cup for F1 Constructors.<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 85%&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Entrant<br /> ! Constructor<br /> ! Chassis<br /> ! Engine<br /> ! Tyres<br /> ! No<br /> ! Driver<br /> ! Rounds<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Team Lotus|Martini Racing Team Lotus]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Lotus 79|79]]&lt;br&gt;[[Lotus 80|80]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 1<br /> | {{flagicon|USA}} [[Mario Andretti]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> | 2<br /> | {{flagicon|ARG}} [[Carlos Reutemann]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;5&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Tyrrell Racing|Team Tyrrell]]&lt;br&gt;{{flagicon|GBR}} [[Tyrrell Racing|Candy Team Tyrrell]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;5&quot;| [[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;5&quot;| [[Tyrrell 009|009]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;5&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;5&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 3<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Didier Pironi]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| 4<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Jean-Pierre Jarier]]<br /> | 1-9, 12-15<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Geoff Lees]]<br /> | 10<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|IRE}} [[Derek Daly]]<br /> | 11 <br /> |-<br /> | 33<br /> | {{flagicon|IRE}} [[Derek Daly]]<br /> | 14-15 <br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=4| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Brabham|Parmalat Racing Team]]<br /> !rowspan=2| [[Brabham]]-[[Alfa Romeo in Formula One|Alfa Romeo]]<br /> |rowspan=2| [[Brabham BT46|BT46]]&lt;br&gt;[[Brabham BT48|BT48]]<br /> |rowspan=2| [[Alfa Romeo in Formula One|Alfa Romeo]] 115-12 3.0 [[Flat-12|F12]]&lt;br&gt;[[Alfa Romeo in Formula One|Alfa Romeo]] 1260 3.0 [[V12 engine|V12]]<br /> |rowspan=4| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 5<br /> | {{flagicon|AUT}} [[Niki Lauda]]<br /> | 1-13<br /> |-<br /> | 6<br /> | {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Nelson Piquet]]<br /> | 1-13<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=2| [[Brabham]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=2| [[Brabham BT49|BT49]]<br /> |rowspan=2| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> | 5<br /> | {{flagicon|ARG}} [[Ricardo Zunino]]<br /> | 14-15<br /> |-<br /> | 6<br /> | {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Nelson Piquet]]<br /> | 14-15<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[McLaren|Marlboro Team McLaren]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[McLaren]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[McLaren M26|M26]]&lt;br&gt;[[McLaren M28|M28]]&lt;br&gt;[[McLaren M28B|M28B]]&lt;br&gt;[[McLaren M28C|M28C]]&lt;br&gt;[[McLaren M29|M29]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 7<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[John Watson (racing driver)|John Watson]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> | 8<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Patrick Tambay]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|FRG}} [[ATS (wheels)|ATS Wheels]]<br /> ! [[ATS (wheels)|ATS]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | [[ATS D2|D2]]&lt;br&gt;[[ATS D3|D3]]<br /> | [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> | {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 9<br /> | {{flagicon|FRG}} [[Hans-Joachim Stuck]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Scuderia Ferrari SpA SEFAC]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Ferrari 312T|312T3]]&lt;br&gt;[[Ferrari 312T|312T4]]&lt;br&gt;[[Ferrari 312T|312T4B]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]] 015 3.0 [[Flat-12|F12]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Michelin}}<br /> | 11<br /> | {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[Jody Scheckter]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> | 12<br /> | {{flagicon|CAN}} [[Gilles Villeneuve]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Fittipaldi Automotive]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Fittipaldi Automotive|Fittipaldi]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] &lt;ref name=FIA&gt;Official records of the 1979 International Cup as published in the 1980 FIA Yearbook use the name &quot;Copersucar&quot; rather than &quot;Fittipaldi&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Fittipaldi F5A|F5A]]&lt;br&gt;[[Fittipaldi F6|F6]]&lt;br&gt;[[Fittipaldi F6A|F6A]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 14<br /> | {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Emerson Fittipaldi]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> | 19<br /> | {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Alex Ribeiro]]<br /> | 14-15<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Renault F1|Equipe Renault Elf]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Renault F1|Renault]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Renault RS01|RS01]]&lt;br&gt;[[Renault RS10|RS10]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Renault F1|Renault-Gordini]] EF1 1.5 [[V6]][[Turbocharger|t]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Michelin}}<br /> | 15<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Jean-Pierre Jabouille]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> | 16<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[René Arnoux]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Shadow Racing Cars|Samson Shadow Racing Team]]&lt;br&gt;{{flagicon|GBR}} [[Shadow Racing Cars|Interscope Shadow Racing Team]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Shadow Racing Cars|Shadow]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Shadow DN9|DN9]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 17<br /> | {{flagicon|NED}} [[Jan Lammers]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> | 18<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Elio de Angelis]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Walter Wolf Racing|Olympus Cameras Wolf Racing]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Walter Wolf Racing|Wolf]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Wolf WR7|WR7-9]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 20<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[James Hunt]]<br /> | 1-7<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|FIN}} [[Keke Rosberg]]<br /> | 8-15<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Ensign Racing|Team Ensign]] <br /> !rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[Ensign Racing|Ensign]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[Ensign N177|N177]]&lt;br&gt;[[Ensign N179|N179]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| 22<br /> | {{flagicon|IRE}} [[Derek Daly]]<br /> | 1-7<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Patrick Gaillard]]<br /> | 8-12<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|SUI}} [[Marc Surer]]<br /> | 13-15<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Merzario|Team Merzario]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Merzario]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Merzario A1B|A1B]]&lt;br&gt;[[Merzario A2|A2]]&lt;br&gt;[[Merzario A4|A4]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 24<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Arturo Merzario]]<br /> | 1-6, 8-15<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Gianfranco Brancatelli]]<br /> | 7<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Equipe Ligier|Ligier Gitanes]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[Equipe Ligier|Ligier]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[Ligier JS11|JS11]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 25<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Patrick Depailler]]<br /> | 1-7<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|BEL}} [[Jacky Ickx]]<br /> | 8-15<br /> |-<br /> | 26<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Jacques Laffite]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[WilliamsF1|Albilad-Saudia Racing Team]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[WilliamsF1|Williams]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Williams FW06|FW06]]&lt;br&gt;[[Williams FW07|FW07]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 27<br /> | {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Alan Jones (racing driver)|Alan Jones]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> | 28<br /> | {{flagicon|SUI}} [[Clay Regazzoni]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Arrows Grand Prix International|Warsteiner Arrows Racing Team]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Arrows Grand Prix International|Arrows]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Arrows A1B|A1B]]&lt;br&gt;[[Arrows A2|A2]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 29<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Riccardo Patrese]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> | 30<br /> | {{flagicon|FRG}} [[Jochen Mass]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=2| {{flagicon|MEX}} [[Rebaque|Team Rebaque]]<br /> ! [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | [[Lotus 79|79]]<br /> |rowspan=2| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=2| {{Goodyear}}<br /> |rowspan=2| 31<br /> |rowspan=2| {{flagicon|MEX}} [[Héctor Rebaque]]<br /> | 1-12<br /> |-<br /> ! [[Rebaque]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | [[Rebaque HR100|HR100]]<br /> | 13-15<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Autodelta]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Alfa Romeo in Formula One|Alfa Romeo]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Alfa Romeo 177|177]]&lt;br&gt;[[Alfa Romeo 179|179]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Alfa Romeo in Formula One|Alfa Romeo]] 115-12 3.0 [[Flat-12|F12]]&lt;br&gt;[[Alfa Romeo in Formula One|Alfa Romeo]] 1260 3.0 [[V12 engine|V12]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 35<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Bruno Giacomelli]]<br /> | 6, 8, 13, 15<br /> |-<br /> | 36<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Vittorio Brambilla]]<br /> | 13-15<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|GER}} [[Kauhsen|Willi Kauhsen Racing Team]]<br /> ! [[Kauhsen]]<br /> | [[Kauhsen WK|WK]]<br /> | [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> | {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 36<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Gianfranco Brancatelli]]<br /> | 5-6<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Race-by-Race==<br /> ===Race One: Argentina===<br /> Like in previous years, the opening race of the season was in Argentina. Most people expected the [[Team Lotus|Lotus]] cars driven by defending champion [[Mario Andretti]], and his new teammate [[Carlos Reutemann]] to dominate but, to many people's surprise, it was the [[Equipe Ligier|Ligier]] team that dominated qualifying, with [[Jacques Laffite]] on pole ahead of [[Patrick Depailler]], leaving Reutemann to qualify third. Laffite led at the start with Depailler following, but the two men starting on the third row, [[John Watson (racing driver)|John Watson]] in the [[McLaren]] collided with [[Jody Scheckter]]'s [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]] creating chaos behind. Four other cars were collected and race was red-flagged, and none were injured.<br /> <br /> The race restarted after the mess was cleared, and this time Depailler set off into the lead with [[Jean-Pierre Jarier]]'s [[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell]] and Watson (in his spare car) following him. But soon Laffite was up to second, and a few laps later he took the lead from Depailler. The Ligiers drove away, whereas Jarier struggled and dropped down the order with engine troubles, leaving Watson third before he was passed a recovering Reutemann. Laffite went on and won comfortably, but teammate Depailler suffered a misfire and dropped to fourth, leaving Reutemann second and Watson third.<br /> <br /> ===Race Two: Brazil===<br /> The drivers stayed in South America for the second round which was held in Brazil, and the Ligiers were in top form again, Laffite taking pole comfortably with Depailler alongside, with the Lotuses led by Reutemann on the second row. This time, Laffite was able to lead right from the first corner with Reutemann taking second from Depailler, but Depailler regained the place soon after and Andretti also passed his teammate to take third. Andretti however soon retired with a misfire, and so Reutemann was back in third. Laffite dominated the race and again won easily, with Depailler making it a 1-2 for Ligier and Reutemann cimpleting the podium.<br /> <br /> ===Race Three: South Africa===<br /> There was a six-week break before the race in South Africa. In the high-altitude circuit, [[Jean-Pierre Jabouille]] took pole in the turbocharged [[Renault F1|Renault]] and home hero Jody Scheckter put his Ferrari second on grid, just in front of teammate [[Gilles Villeneuve]], and the Ligiers were only on the third row. Jabouille led at the start with Villeneuve and Scheckter following, but Villeneuve took the lead on second lap before the race was stopped by a rainshower.<br /> <br /> When the race restarted, most drivers were on wets, but Scheckter and a few others opted for slicks. Villeneuve led at the restart and built up a gap, but the track dried and he had to pit for slicks along with most of the field. This left Scheckter leading comfortably, and he looked well set for a home win until he had to pit for new tyres, handing the lead back to Villeneuve and in behind, [[Patrick Tambay]] briefly ran third in his McLaren, until he was passed by Jarier. It was Villeneuve who won the race with Scheckter close behind, and Jarier taking the final spot on the podium.<br /> <br /> ===Race Four: United States West===<br /> One month after the South Africa race, the field went to the Long Beach circuit in the US. Qualifying saw Villeneuve taking his first career pole position with Reutemann alongside him on the front row ahead of Scheckter. Before the race started, Reutemann suffered an electrical failure and had to start from the pits. After a string of failed attempts to start the race due to different reasons, the race finally started with Villeneuve leading Depailler and Scheckter, but soon Jarier was up to second. As Villeneuve set about building a gap, Jarier and Depailler battled for second but Scheckter passed both of them mid-race. Towards the end, Jarier began to drop back rapidly with a vibration, so Depailler finally got third but not for long as [[Alan Jones (racing driver)|Alan Jones]]'s [[WilliamsF1|Williams]] was past him. That was how the race finishing, Villeneuve winning ahead of Scheckter in another Ferrari 1-2, and Jones giving the Williams team their second ever podium with third.<br /> <br /> ===Race Five: Spain===<br /> After another long break, this time for three weeks, the Spanish GP took place and here the Ligiers struck back at Ferrari, with Laffite on pole again with Depailler ensuring a front-row lockout leaving Villeneuve third. At the start, Depailler took the lead from Laffite, and Reutemann who has a brilliant start was up to third ahead of Villeneuve. The Ligers ran 1-2 comfortably until Laffite's engine blew up, leaving Reutemann second, and Andretti third after Villeneuve spun attempting to pass Reutemann. With his teammate out, Depailler was able to cruise to victory ahead of Reutemann and Andretti who ensured a double podium for Lotus.<br /> <br /> ===Race Six: Belgium===<br /> The sixth race of the season was in Belgium, where Laffite surprised no one with pole, and Depailler surprised no one with second, but [[Nelson Piquet]] surprised many by qualifying his [[Brabham]] third. Once again, it was Depailler who got the best start, and led with Jones up to second ahead of Piquet with Laffite dropping down to fourth. In the early stages, Laffite was on the charge, as he passed first Piquet, then Jones and finally Depailler as he took the lead. As the race progressed, the Ligiers suffered from tyre trouble and so Jones took the lead until he retired with an electrical failure which handed the lead back to Depailler (who had repassed Laffite) until he crashed out, so Laffite inherited the lead until he was passed by Scheckter. Scheckter went on and took his first win for Ferrari ahead of Laffite, with [[Didier Pironi]] completing the podium in his Tyrrell.<br /> <br /> ===Race Seven: Monaco===<br /> The next race was the illustrious Monaco GP, and in qualifying, it was Scheckter who was on pole with teammate Villeneuve alongside, restricting Depailler to the second row. At the start, Scheckter kept the lead with double world champion [[Niki Lauda]] featuring at the front for the first time this year by jumping up to second ahead of Villeneuve, but it took only 3 laps for Villeneuve to get past and follow his teammate in driving away from the field. <br /> <br /> Lauda kept third until Pironi tried to pass him, which resulted in a collision and both retiring. This put Jones up to third until he retired with steering troubles which brielfy handed the place to [[Arrows Grand Prix International|Arrows]] driver [[Jochen Mass]], but soon Jones's Wiliams teammate, [[Clay Regazzoni]] took the place, which became second when Villeneuve retired with a transmission failure. With Villeneuve out, Scheckter had no more challengers to his lead and won comfortably, with Regazzoni finishing second and Reutemann taking third.<br /> <br /> ===Race Eight: France===<br /> With the Swedish GP cancelled due to a lack of funding, it was the French GP that was next up. The home fans did get an all-French front row, but instead of the usual Ligiers, it were the two turbocharged Renaults who were in dominant form, Jean-Pierre Jabouille on pole ahead of [[René Arnoux]] and Villeneuve. At the start, Villeneuve beat Jabouille into the first corner, with Scheckter third after Arnoux had a bad start. As the front two began to drive away from the field, Arnoux began a charge up the order, and by mid-race he was back in third. In the second half of the race, the two Renaults found another gear, and Jabouille drove past Villeneuve to take the lead, and Arnoux began to close him down and caught him with four laps left. Jabouille won much to the happiness of the fans, and they received much more entertainment behind as Villeneuve and Arnoux battled for second for four laps, banging wheels repeatedly, and ultimately it was Villeneuve who prevailed.<br /> <br /> ===Race Nine: Great Britain===<br /> The second half of the year started in Britain, and now the Williams had found new speed, and Jones qualified it on pole ahead of Jabouille who was continuing his good form with Nelson Piquet again qualifying his Brabham third. Jones led into the first corner ahead of Jabouille, with Regazzoni up to third. The front three ran in the same order until Jabouille ran into tyre trouble and had to pit, leaving Regazzoni second and Arnoux third. Jones looked set to win but he had to retire with an overheating engine, so Regazzoni took the lead and went on to win, giving the Williams team their first ever F1 victory, with Arnoux second and Jean-Pierre Jarier third.<br /> <br /> ===Race Ten: Germany===<br /> The tenth race of the year was held in Germany, and on the fast track, Jabouille took pole with Jones completing the front row, and Laffite next up. Jones got the jump on Jabouille at the start, which Scheckter briefly up to third until Laffite regained back the place. Jones held off intense pressure from Jabouille in the early stages of the race, until the latter tried too hard and spun off giving second to Laffite and third to Regazzoni. Regazzoni was soon past Laffite, and the two Williams cars dominated the rest of race, with Jones getting his first win of the season and Regazzoni completing the 1-2 leaving Laffite to take the final spot on the podium.<br /> <br /> ===Race Eleven: Austria===<br /> The field went to the high-speed Österreichring circuit in Austria, and in qualifying once again the Renault turbo was the car to beat, Arnoux taking his first career pole, with Jones forcing Jabouille to settle for the second row. The race saw a sensational start from Villeneuve who jumped into the lead ahead of Jones, with Niki Lauda up to third after a bad start for the Renaults.<br /> <br /> Villeneuve led for three laps before Jones passed him, and Arnoux was up to third after passing Lauda. Arnoux then took Villeneuve for second, before Jabouille set off on a charge and took second himself. The two Renaults set off after Jones, but Jabouille's gearbox failed. Arnoux continued to chase down Jones until he suffered fuel pressure problems and dropped down to sixth place, and handing second back to Villeneuve. With the Renault challenge finished, Jones was able to cruise to victory with Villeneuve second and Laffite completing the podium.<br /> <br /> ==Season review==<br /> The following races counted towards the 1979 World Championship of F1 Drivers and the 1979 International Cup for F1 Constructors.<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 85%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Rnd<br /> ! Race<br /> ! Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Pole Position<br /> ! Fastest Lap<br /> ! Race Winner<br /> ! Constructor<br /> ! Report<br /> |-<br /> ! 1<br /> | {{flagicon|Argentina}} [[Argentine Grand Prix]]<br /> | January 21<br /> | [[Autódromo Juan y Oscar Gálvez|Buenos Aires]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Jacques Laffite]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Jacques Laffite]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Jacques Laffite]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Equipe Ligier|Ligier]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | [[1979 Argentine Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 2<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Brazilian Grand Prix]]<br /> | February 4<br /> | [[Autódromo José Carlos Pace|Interlagos]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Jacques Laffite]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Jacques Laffite]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Jacques Laffite]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Equipe Ligier|Ligier]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | [[1979 Brazilian Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 3<br /> | {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[South African Grand Prix]]<br /> | March 3<br /> | [[Kyalami]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Jean-Pierre Jabouille]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Canada}} [[Gilles Villeneuve]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Canada}} [[Gilles Villeneuve]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> | [[1979 South African Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 4<br /> | {{flagicon|United States}} [[United States Grand Prix West]]<br /> | April 8<br /> | [[Long Beach, California|Long Beach]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Canada}} [[Gilles Villeneuve]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Canada}} [[Gilles Villeneuve]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Canada}} [[Gilles Villeneuve]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> | [[1979 United States Grand Prix West|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 5<br /> | {{flagicon|Spain|1977}} [[Spanish Grand Prix]]<br /> | April 29<br /> | [[Circuito del Jarama|Jarama]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Jacques Laffite]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Canada}} [[Gilles Villeneuve]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Patrick Depailler]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Equipe Ligier|Ligier]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | [[1979 Spanish Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 6<br /> | {{flagicon|Belgium}} [[Belgian Grand Prix]]<br /> | May 13<br /> | [[Circuit Zolder|Zolder]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Jacques Laffite]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Canada}} [[Gilles Villeneuve]]<br /> | {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[Jody Scheckter]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> | [[1979 Belgian Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 7<br /> | {{flagicon|Monaco}} [[Monaco Grand Prix]]<br /> | May 27<br /> | [[Circuit de Monaco|Monaco]]<br /> | {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[Jody Scheckter]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Patrick Depailler]]<br /> | {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[Jody Scheckter]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> | [[1979 Monaco Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 8<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[French Grand Prix]]<br /> | July 1<br /> | [[Dijon-Prenois]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Jean-Pierre Jabouille]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[René Arnoux]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Jean-Pierre Jabouille]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Renault F1|Renault]]<br /> | [[1979 French Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 9<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[British Grand Prix]]<br /> | July 14<br /> | [[Silverstone Circuit|Silverstone]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Australia}} [[Alan Jones (racing driver)|Alan Jones]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Switzerland}} [[Clay Regazzoni]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Switzerland}} [[Clay Regazzoni]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[WilliamsF1|Williams]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | [[1979 British Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 10<br /> | {{flagicon|West Germany}} [[German Grand Prix]]<br /> | July 29<br /> | [[Hockenheimring]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Jean-Pierre Jabouille]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Canada}} [[Gilles Villeneuve]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Australia}} [[Alan Jones (racing driver)|Alan Jones]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[WilliamsF1|Williams]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | [[1979 German Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 11<br /> | {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Austrian Grand Prix]]<br /> | August 12<br /> | [[Österreichring]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[René Arnoux]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[René Arnoux]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Australia}} [[Alan Jones (racing driver)|Alan Jones]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[WilliamsF1|Williams]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | [[1979 Austrian Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 12<br /> | {{flagicon|Netherlands}} [[Dutch Grand Prix]]<br /> | August 26<br /> | [[Circuit Park Zandvoort|Zandvoort]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[René Arnoux]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Canada}} [[Gilles Villeneuve]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Australia}} [[Alan Jones (racing driver)|Alan Jones]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[WilliamsF1|Williams]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | [[1979 Dutch Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 13<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Italian Grand Prix]]<br /> | September 9<br /> | [[Autodromo Nazionale Monza|Monza]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Jean-Pierre Jabouille]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Switzerland}} [[Clay Regazzoni]]<br /> | {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[Jody Scheckter]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> | [[1979 Italian Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 14<br /> | {{flagicon|Canada}} [[Canadian Grand Prix]]<br /> | September 30<br /> | [[Circuit Gilles Villeneuve|Île Notre-Dame]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Australia}} [[Alan Jones (racing driver)|Alan Jones]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Australia}} [[Alan Jones (racing driver)|Alan Jones]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Australia}} [[Alan Jones (racing driver)|Alan Jones]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[WilliamsF1|Williams]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | [[1979 Canadian Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 15<br /> | {{flagicon|United States}} [[United States Grand Prix]]<br /> | October 7<br /> | [[Watkins Glen International|Watkins Glen]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Australia}} [[Alan Jones (racing driver)|Alan Jones]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Nelson Piquet]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Canada}} [[Gilles Villeneuve]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> | [[1979 United States Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> -The Swedish Grand Prix was supposed to be held at Anderstorp between the Monaco and French Grands Prix, but because of Swedish drivers Ronnie Peterson and Gunnar Nilsson's deaths in 1978, Swedish enthusiasm for the sport faded and as a result, there was no money for the race to be held and the race was promptly cancelled.<br /> <br /> ==1979 World Championship of F1 Drivers - final standings==<br /> {|<br /> |- valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> |<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 85%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |- valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Pos<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Driver<br /> ! [[1979 Argentine Grand Prix|ARG]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|Argentina}}<br /> ! [[1979 Brazilian Grand Prix|BRA]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|Brazil}}<br /> ! [[1979 South African Grand Prix|RSA]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}}<br /> ! [[1979 United States Grand Prix West|USW]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|United States}}<br /> ! [[1979 Spanish Grand Prix|ESP]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|Spain|1977}}<br /> ! [[1979 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|Belgium}}<br /> ! [[1979 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|Monaco}}<br /> ! [[1979 French Grand Prix|FRA]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|France}}<br /> ! [[1979 British Grand Prix|GBR]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|UK}}<br /> ! [[1979 German Grand Prix|GER]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|West Germany}}<br /> ! [[1979 Austrian Grand Prix|AUT]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|Austria}}<br /> ! [[1979 Dutch Grand Prix|NED]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|Netherlands}}<br /> ! [[1979 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|Italy}}<br /> ! [[1979 Canadian Grand Prix|CAN]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|Canada}}<br /> ! [[1979 United States Grand Prix|USE]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|United States}}<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Pts&lt;ref name=&quot;points&quot;&gt;Only the best 4 results from the first 7 races and the best 4 results from the last 8 races counted towards the Drivers' Championship. Numbers without parentheses are Championship points; numbers in parentheses are total points scored.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> ! 1<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[Jody Scheckter]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''51 (60)'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 2<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Canada}} [[Gilles Villeneuve]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| ''1''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''''1'''''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| ''7''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| ''7''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| ''8''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| ''Ret''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''47 (53)'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 3<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Australia}} [[Alan Jones (racing driver)|Alan Jones]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''''1'''''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''40 (43)'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 4<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[Jacques Laffite]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''''1'''''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''''1'''''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''36'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 5<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Switzerland}} [[Clay Regazzoni]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 15<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| ''1''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| ''3''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''29 (32)'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 6<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Argentina}} [[Carlos Reutemann]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''20 (25)'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 7<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[Patrick Depailler]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| ''5''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''20 (22)'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 8<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[René Arnoux]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffff&quot;| DNS<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| ''3''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''''6'''''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''17'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 9<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[John Watson (racing driver)|John Watson]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''15'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 10<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[Didier Pironi]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#000000&quot; style=&quot;color: white&quot;| DSQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''14'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 11<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[Jean-Pierre Jarier]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''14'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 12<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|United States}} [[Mario Andretti]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''14'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 13<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[Jean-Pierre Jabouille]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffff&quot;| DNS<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| '''14'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''9'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 14<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Niki Lauda]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> | <br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''4'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 15<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Elio de Angelis]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 16<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 16<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Nelson Piquet]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| ''Ret''<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 17<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Belgium}} [[Jacky Ickx]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 18<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|West Germany}} [[Jochen Mass]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 15<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 19<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Riccardo Patrese]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffff&quot;| DNS<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 20<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|West Germany}} [[Hans Joachim Stuck]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffff&quot;| DNS<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#000000&quot; style=&quot;color: white&quot;| DSQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffff&quot;| DNS<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 21<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Emerson Fittipaldi]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Mexico}} [[Hector Rebaque]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[Patrick Tambay]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Argentina}} [[Ricardo Zunino]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Geoff Lees]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Ireland}} [[Derek Daly]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[James Hunt]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Netherlands}} [[Jan Lammers]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 18<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Finland}} [[Keke Rosberg]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Vittorio Brambilla]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[Patrick Gaillard]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Bruno Giacomelli]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 17<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Arturo Merzario]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Switzerland}} [[Marc Surer]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Gianfranco Brancatelli]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNPQ<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Alex Ribeiro]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |- valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Pos<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Driver<br /> ! [[1979 Argentine Grand Prix|ARG]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|Argentina}}<br /> ! [[1979 Brazilian Grand Prix|BRA]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|Brazil}}<br /> ! [[1979 South African Grand Prix|RSA]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}}<br /> ! [[1979 United States Grand Prix West|USW]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|United States}}<br /> ! [[1979 Spanish Grand Prix|ESP]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|Spain|1977}}<br /> ! [[1979 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|Belgium}}<br /> ! [[1979 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|Monaco}}<br /> ! [[1979 French Grand Prix|FRA]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|France}}<br /> ! [[1979 British Grand Prix|GBR]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|UK}}<br /> ! [[1979 German Grand Prix|GER]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|West Germany}}<br /> ! [[1979 Austrian Grand Prix|AUT]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|Austria}}<br /> ! [[1979 Dutch Grand Prix|NED]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|Netherlands}}<br /> ! [[1979 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|Italy}}<br /> ! [[1979 Canadian Grand Prix|CAN]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|Canada}}<br /> ! [[1979 United States Grand Prix|USE]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|United States}}<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Pts<br /> |}<br /> Here '''bold''' indicates a pole position while ''italic'' indicates a fastest lap.<br /> |valign=&quot;top&quot;|<br /> {{F1 driver results legend 2}}<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==1979 International Cup for F1 Constructors - final standings==<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 85%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |- valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;|Pos<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;|Constructor<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Car&lt;br /&gt;no.<br /> ! [[1979 Argentine Grand Prix|ARG]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|Argentina}}<br /> ! [[1979 Brazilian Grand Prix|BRA]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|Brazil}}<br /> ! [[1979 South African Grand Prix|RSA]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}}<br /> ! [[1979 United States Grand Prix West|USW]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|United States}}<br /> ! [[1979 Spanish Grand Prix|ESP]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|Spain|1977}}<br /> ! [[1979 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|Belgium}}<br /> ! [[1979 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|Monaco}}<br /> ! [[1979 French Grand Prix|FRA]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|France}}<br /> ! [[1979 British Grand Prix|GBR]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|UK}}<br /> ! [[1979 German Grand Prix|GER]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|West Germany}}<br /> ! [[1979 Austrian Grand Prix|AUT]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|Austria}}<br /> ! [[1979 Dutch Grand Prix|NED]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|Netherlands}}<br /> ! [[1979 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|Italy}}<br /> ! [[1979 Canadian Grand Prix|CAN]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|Canada}}<br /> ! [[1979 United States Grand Prix|USE]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|United States}}<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;|Pts<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=2| 1<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;right&quot;| '''113'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| ''1''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''''1'''''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| ''7''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| ''7''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| ''8''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| ''Ret''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=2| 2<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[WilliamsF1|Williams]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 27<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''''1'''''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;right&quot;| '''75'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 28<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 15<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| ''1''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| ''3''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=2| 3<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Equipe Ligier|Ligier]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 25<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| ''5''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;right&quot;| '''61'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 26<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''''1'''''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''''1'''''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=3| 4<br /> |rowspan=3 align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |rowspan=3 align=&quot;right&quot;| '''39'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 31<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=3| 5<br /> |rowspan=3 align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#000000&quot; style=&quot;color: white&quot;| DSQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |rowspan=3 align=&quot;right&quot;| '''28'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 33<br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=2| 6<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Renault F1|Renault]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 15<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffff&quot;| DNS<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| '''14'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;right&quot;| '''26'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 16<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffff&quot;| DNS<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| ''3''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''''6'''''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=2| 7<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[McLaren]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;right&quot;| '''15'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=2| 8<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Brabham]]-[[Alfa Romeo in Formula One|Alfa Romeo]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> | <br /> | <br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;right&quot;| '''7'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | <br /> | <br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=2| 9<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Arrows Grand Prix International|Arrows]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 29<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;right&quot;| '''5'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 30<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 15<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=2| 10<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Shadow Racing Cars|Shadow]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 17<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 18<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;right&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 18<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 16<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |-<br /> ! 11<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|FRG}} [[ATS (wheels)|ATS]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffff&quot;| DNS<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#000000&quot; style=&quot;color: white&quot;| DSQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffff&quot;| DNS<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=2| 12<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Fittipaldi Automotive|Fittipaldi]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] &lt;ref name=FIA /&gt;<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 14<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;right&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 19<br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=2| —<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Brabham]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 5<br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 6<br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| ''Ret''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Walter Wolf Racing|Wolf]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 20<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Ensign Racing|Ensign]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 22<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=2| —<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Alfa Romeo in Formula One|Alfa Romeo]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 35<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 17<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 36<br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Merzario]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 24<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNPQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|MEX}} [[Rebaque]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 31<br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|FRG}} [[Kauhsen]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 36<br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |- valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;|Pos<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;|Constructor<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Car&lt;br /&gt;no.<br /> ! [[1979 Argentine Grand Prix|ARG]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|Argentina}}<br /> ! [[1979 Brazilian Grand Prix|BRA]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|Brazil}}<br /> ! [[1979 South African Grand Prix|RSA]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}}<br /> ! [[1979 United States Grand Prix West|USW]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|United States}}<br /> ! [[1979 Spanish Grand Prix|ESP]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|Spain|1977}}<br /> ! [[1979 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|Belgium}}<br /> ! [[1979 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|Monaco}}<br /> ! [[1979 French Grand Prix|FRA]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|France}}<br /> ! [[1979 British Grand Prix|GBR]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|UK}}<br /> ! [[1979 German Grand Prix|GER]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|West Germany}}<br /> ! [[1979 Austrian Grand Prix|AUT]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|Austria}}<br /> ! [[1979 Dutch Grand Prix|NED]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|Netherlands}}<br /> ! [[1979 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|Italy}}<br /> ! [[1979 Canadian Grand Prix|CAN]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|Canada}}<br /> ! [[1979 United States Grand Prix|USE]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|United States}}<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;|Pts<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Non-Championship race results==<br /> Other Formula One races were also held in 1979, which did not count towards the World Championship.<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:95%&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Race Name<br /> ! Circuit<br /> ! Date<br /> ! Winning driver<br /> ! Constructor<br /> ! Report<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Race of Champions (Brands Hatch)|Marlboro / Daily Mail Race of Champions]]<br /> | [[Brands Hatch]]<br /> | April 15<br /> | {{flagicon|Canada}} [[Gilles Villeneuve]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> | [[1979 Race of Champions|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Gunnar Nilsson Memorial Trophy]]<br /> | [[Donington Park]]<br /> | June 3<br /> | {{flagicon|Australia}} [[Alan Jones (racing driver)|Alan Jones]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[WilliamsF1|Williams]]-[[Cosworth]]<br /> | [[Gunnar Nilsson Memorial Trophy|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[1979 Dino Ferrari Grand Prix|Dino Ferrari Grand Prix]]<br /> | [[Autodromo Enzo e Dino Ferrari|Imola]]<br /> | September 16<br /> | {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Niki Lauda]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Brabham]]-[[Alfa Romeo in Formula One|Alfa Romeo]]<br /> | [[1979 Dino Ferrari Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Notes &amp; references==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * [http://www.f1-facts.com/results/season/1979 1979 F1 Results and images from www.f1-facts.com]<br /> <br /> {{Formula One Championship}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Formula One seasons]]<br /> [[Category:1979 in Formula One| ]]<br /> <br /> [[ar:بطولة العالم لسباقات الفورمولا واحد موسم 1979]]<br /> [[bg:Световен шампионат на Формула 1 (1979)]]<br /> [[ca:Temporada 1979 de Fórmula 1]]<br /> [[cs:Formule 1 v roce 1979]]<br /> [[de:Formel-1-Saison 1979]]<br /> [[es:Anexo:Temporada 1979 de Fórmula 1]]<br /> [[eu:1979ko 1 Formulako denboraldia]]<br /> [[fa:مسابقات فرمول یک فصل ۱۹۷۹]]<br /> [[fr:Championnat du monde de Formule 1 1979]]<br /> [[gl:Campionato Mundial de Fórmula 1 de 1979]]<br /> [[hr:Formula 1 - sezona 1979.]]<br /> [[id:Formula Satu musim 1979]]<br /> [[it:Campionato mondiale di Formula 1 1979]]<br /> [[hu:1979-es Formula–1 világbajnokság]]<br /> [[mr:१९७९ फॉर्म्युला वन हंगाम]]<br /> [[mzn:فصل ۱۹۷۹ فرمول یک مسابقات]]<br /> [[nl:Formule 1 in 1979]]<br /> [[ja:1979年のF1世界選手権]]<br /> [[no:Formel 1-sesongen 1979]]<br /> [[pl:Formuła 1 Sezon 1979]]<br /> [[pt:Temporada de Fórmula 1 de 1979]]<br /> [[ru:Формула-1 в сезоне 1979]]<br /> [[simple:1979 Formula One season]]<br /> [[sl:Formula 1 sezona 1979]]<br /> [[sr:Формула 1 (1979)]]<br /> [[fi:Formula 1 -kausi 1979]]<br /> [[sv:Formel 1-VM 1979]]<br /> [[tr:1979 Formula 1 sezonu]]</div> Tulumino https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1986_Formula_One_World_Championship&diff=536110386 1986 Formula One World Championship 2013-02-02T00:21:42Z <p>Tulumino: /* 1986 Drivers Championship final standings */ accident in warm-up</p> <hr /> <div>{{F1 season | year = 1986}}<br /> [[File:Alain Prost 2008.jpg|thumb|right|[[Alain Prost]] won his second consecutive drivers championship.]]<br /> [[File:Nigelcropped.jpg|thumb|right|[[Nigel Mansell]] finished as runner-up.]]<br /> [[File:Piquet a Monza 1983.JPG|thumb|right|Mansell's team mate [[Nelson Piquet]] finished the season ranked third.]]<br /> The '''1986 Formula One season''' was the 37th [[FIA]] [[Formula One]] World Championship season. It commenced on March 23, 1986, and ended on October 26 after sixteen races.<br /> <br /> The season culminated in a points battle between the [[WilliamsF1|Williams]] duo of [[Nelson Piquet]] and [[Nigel Mansell]] versus [[Team McLaren|McLaren]]'s [[Alain Prost]] at the final race, the [[1986 Australian Grand Prix]]. Mansell's tyre blew in spectacular fashion and Piquet, in the lead at the time of the incident, was brought in for an unscheduled [[pit stop]] soon afterward by Williams to prevent the same happening to his tyres. This enabled Prost to take the lead and the race victory (his 4th of the season) and to secure his second consecutive drivers championship.&lt;ref&gt;ESPN coverage of the 1997 Japanese Grand Prix, end-of-year F1 championship battles segment narrated by [[Bob Varsha]]&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> For the first (and to date only) year, [[turbocharger|turbocharged]] engines were compulsory due to a ban on [[naturally-aspirated engine|naturally aspirated]] (atmospheric) engines. The law banning atmospheric engines was rescinded in 1987, in preparation for a ban on all [[forced induction]] engines for [[1989 Formula One Season|1989]]. <br /> <br /> There were still no limits on engine power, and some engines, including the [[BMW M12]] 1.5 single turbocharged straight-4 engine used by the Benetton, Brabham and Arrows teams could throw out 1,350+ hp at 5.5 bar boost (82.5 psi) during qualifying, this would happen when the engineers took the boost restrictors off the engine; although it would only last for 3 laps at full use. The boost of the engines would often be restricted to the point where they would only be producing around 900-1,000&amp;nbsp;hp during the race. But at many races, particularly at high speed circuits like Imola, Spa-Francorchamps, Hockenheim, the Österreichring and Monza fuel consumption was always a concern; as the FIA lessened the amount of allowable fuel from 220 liters in 1984 and 1985 to 195 liters for 1986. As a result, fuel consumption became a problem for most teams; as the engines were slightly more powerful than before. There were many races where a number of drivers ran out of fuel, most notably Alain Prost at Hockenheim, who so very nearly finished 3rd but ran out of fuel less than a quarter of a mile from the finishing line. He got out and desperately tried to push his stricken car across the finish line; he never made it and finished 6th. The Honda engines exclusively supplied to the Williams team had the edge on fuel consumption and reliability, but the TAG/Porsche, Renault and BMW engineers were able to gain some ground later in the season.<br /> <br /> Drivers who retired from F1 racing at the end on 1986 were [[Patrick Tambay]] as well as [[1980 Formula One season|1980]] World Champion [[Alan Jones (racing driver)|Alan Jones]] and [[1982 Formula One season|1982]] champion [[Keke Rosberg]] while injuries suffered at the [[1986 British Grand Prix|British Grand Prix]] forced the retirement of [[Jacques Laffite]]. Those who never drove in an F1 race again after 1986 were [[Johnny Dumfries]], [[Huub Rothengatter]] and [[Allen Berg]] while [[Marc Surer]] suffered a serious rally crash following his 9th place finish in the [[1986 Belgian Grand Prix|Belgian Grand Prix]] which forced his retirement from driving altogether. [[Elio de Angelis]] was killed in a testing accident at the [[Circuit Paul Ricard]] after the [[1986 Monaco Grand Prix|Monaco Grand Prix]] - the last driver to die in an F1 crash until [[Roland Ratzenberger]] in 1994.<br /> <br /> The 1986 Formula One calendar featured 2 new events, the [[Hungarian Grand Prix]] and the [[Mexican Grand Prix]], returning to the calendar after 16 years absence. The 2 exits were the [[Dutch Grand Prix]] after 33 years of being on the calendar and the [[South African Grand Prix]] after being on the calendar for 21 years.<br /> <br /> ==Drivers and constructors==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 85%&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Entrant<br /> ! Constructor<br /> ! Chassis<br /> ! Engine<br /> ! Tyres<br /> ! No<br /> ! Driver<br /> ! Rounds<br /> ! Test driver(s)<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[McLaren|Marlboro McLaren International]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[McLaren]]-[[Techniques d'Avant Garde|TAG]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[McLaren MP4/2C|MP4/2C]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Techniques d'Avant Garde|TAG]] TTE PO1 1.5 [[V6]][[Turbocharger|t]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 1<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Alain Prost]]<br /> | All<br /> | rowspan=2 align=&quot;center&quot; | &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:87%;&quot;&gt;''n/a''<br /> |-<br /> | 2<br /> | {{flagicon|FIN}} [[Keke Rosberg]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Tyrrell Racing|Data General Team Tyrrell]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell]]-[[Renault in Formula One|Renault]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Tyrrell 014|014]]&lt;br&gt;[[Tyrrell 015|015]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Renault in Formula One|Renault]] EF4B 1.5 [[V6]][[Turbocharger|t]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 3<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Martin Brundle]]<br /> | All<br /> | rowspan=2 align=&quot;center&quot; | &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:87%;&quot;&gt;''n/a''<br /> |-<br /> | 4<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Philippe Streiff]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[WilliamsF1|Canon Williams Honda Team]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[WilliamsF1|Williams]]-[[Honda Racing F1|Honda]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Williams FW11|FW11]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Honda Racing F1|Honda]] RA166E 1.5 [[V6]][[Turbocharger|t]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 5<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Nigel Mansell]]<br /> | All <br /> | rowspan=2 align=&quot;center&quot; | &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:87%;&quot;&gt;''n/a''<br /> |-<br /> | 6<br /> | {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Nelson Piquet]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Brabham|Motor Racing Developments]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[Brabham]]-[[BMW in Formula One|BMW]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[Brabham BT55|BT55]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[BMW M12]]/13/1 1.5 [[Straight-4|L4]][[Turbocharger|t]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| {{Pirelli}}<br /> | 7<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Riccardo Patrese]]<br /> | All<br /> | rowspan=3 align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:87%;&quot;&gt;{{flagicon|MEX}} [[Josele Garza]]<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 8<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Elio de Angelis]]<br /> | 1-4<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Derek Warwick]]<br /> | 6-16<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Team Lotus|John Player Special Team Lotus]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[Renault in Formula One|Renault]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Lotus 98T|98T]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Renault in Formula One|Renault]] EF15B 1.5 [[V6]][[Turbocharger|t]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 11<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Johnny Dumfries]]<br /> | All<br /> | rowspan=2 align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:87%;&quot;&gt;{{flagicon|GBR}} [[Derek Warwick]]<br /> |-<br /> | 12<br /> | {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Ayrton Senna]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|FRG}} [[Zakspeed|West Zakspeed Racing]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Zakspeed]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Zakspeed 861|861]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Zakspeed]] 1500/4 1.5 [[Straight-4|L4]][[Turbocharger|t]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 14<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Jonathan Palmer]]<br /> | All<br /> | rowspan=2 align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:87%;&quot;&gt;{{flagicon|Spain}} [[Luis Perez-Sala]]<br /> |-<br /> | 29<br /> | {{flagicon|NED}} [[Huub Rothengatter]]<br /> | 3-16<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;5&quot;| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Haas Lola|Team Haas (USA) Ltd]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Lola Cars|Lola]]-[[Hart (racing)|Hart]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Lola THL1|THL1]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Hart (racing)|Hart]] 415T 1.5 [[Straight-4|L4]][[Turbocharger|t]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;5&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 15<br /> | {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Alan Jones (racing driver)|Alan Jones]]<br /> | 1-2<br /> | rowspan=5 align=&quot;center&quot; | &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:87%;&quot;&gt;''n/a''<br /> |-<br /> | 16<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Patrick Tambay]]<br /> | 1-3<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[Lola Cars|Lola]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[Lola THL2|THL2]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[Cosworth#Other Formula One engines|Ford Cosworth GBA]] 1.5 [[V6]][[Turbocharger|t]]<br /> | 15<br /> | {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Alan Jones (racing driver)|Alan Jones]]<br /> | 3-16<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 16<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Patrick Tambay]]<br /> | 4-6, 8-16<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|USA}} [[Eddie Cheever]]<br /> | 7<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Arrows Grand Prix International|Barclay Arrows BMW]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[Arrows Grand Prix International|Arrows]]-[[BMW in Formula One|BMW]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[Arrows A8|A8]]&lt;br&gt;[[Arrows A9|A9]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[BMW M12]]/13 1.5 [[Straight-4|L4]][[Turbocharger|t]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 17<br /> | {{flagicon|SUI}} [[Marc Surer]]<br /> | 1-5<br /> | rowspan=3 align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:87%;&quot;&gt;{{flagicon|Finland}} [[Jari Nurminen]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|FRG}} [[Christian Danner]]<br /> | 7-16<br /> |-<br /> | 18<br /> | {{flagicon|BEL}} [[Thierry Boutsen]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Benetton Formula|Benetton Formula Ltd]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Benetton Formula|Benetton]]-[[BMW in Formula One|BMW]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Benetton B186|B186]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[BMW M12]]/13 1.5 [[Straight-4|L4]][[Turbocharger|t]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Pirelli}}<br /> | 19<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Teo Fabi]]<br /> | All<br /> | rowspan=2 align=&quot;left&quot; | &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:87%;&quot;&gt;{{flagicon|GBR}} [[Andy Wallace (racing driver)|Andy Wallace]] &lt;br&gt;{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Giovanna Amati]] &lt;br&gt;{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Paolo Barilla]]<br /> |-<br /> | 20<br /> | {{flagicon|AUT}} [[Gerhard Berger]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Osella|Osella Squadra Corse]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| [[Osella]]-[[Alfa Romeo in Formula One|Alfa Romeo]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| [[Osella FA1G|FA1G]]&lt;br&gt;[[Osella FA1F|FA1F]]&lt;br&gt;[[Osella FA1H|FA1H]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| [[Alfa Romeo in Formula One|Alfa Romeo]] 890T 1.5 [[V8 engine|V8]][[Turbocharger|t]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| {{Pirelli}}<br /> | 21<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Piercarlo Ghinzani]]<br /> | All<br /> | rowspan=4 align=&quot;center&quot; | &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:87%;&quot;&gt;''n/a''<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| 22<br /> | {{flagicon|FRG}} [[Christian Danner]]<br /> | 1-6<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|CAN}} [[Allen Berg]]<br /> | 7-12, 14-16<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Alex Caffi]]<br /> | 13<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Minardi|Minardi Team SpA]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Minardi]]-[[Motori Moderni]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Minardi M185B|M185B]]&lt;br&gt;[[Minardi M186|M186]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Motori Moderni]] Tipo 615-90 1.5 [[V6]][[Turbocharger|t]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Pirelli}}<br /> | 23<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Andrea de Cesaris]]<br /> | All<br /> | rowspan=2 align=&quot;center&quot; | &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:87%;&quot;&gt;''n/a''<br /> |-<br /> | 24<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Alessandro Nannini]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Equipe Ligier]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[Equipe Ligier|Ligier]]-[[Renault in Formula One|Renault]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[Ligier JS27|JS27]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[Renault in Formula One|Renault]] EF4B 1.5 [[V6]][[Turbocharger|t]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| {{Pirelli}}<br /> | 25<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[René Arnoux]]<br /> | All<br /> | rowspan=3 align=&quot;center&quot; | &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:87%;&quot;&gt;''n/a''<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 26<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Jacques Laffite]]<br /> | 1-9<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Philippe Alliot]]<br /> | 10-16<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Scuderia Ferrari SpA SEFAC]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Ferrari F1/86|F1/86]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]] 032 1.5 [[V6]][[Turbocharger|t]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 27<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Michele Alboreto]]<br /> | All<br /> | rowspan=2 align=&quot;center&quot; | &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:87%;&quot;&gt;''n/a''<br /> |-<br /> | 28<br /> | {{flagicon|SWE}} [[Stefan Johansson]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Automobiles Gonfaronnaises Sportives|Jolly Club SpA]]<br /> ! [[Automobiles Gonfaronnaises Sportives|AGS]]-[[Motori Moderni]]<br /> | [[AGS JH21C|JH21C]]<br /> | [[Motori Moderni]] Tipo 615-90 1.5 [[V6]][[Turbocharger|t]]<br /> | {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 31<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Ivan Capelli]]<br /> | 13-14<br /> | align=&quot;center&quot; | &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:87%;&quot;&gt;''n/a''<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Season review==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 85%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Rnd<br /> ! Race<br /> ! Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Pole Position<br /> ! Fastest Lap<br /> ! Race Winner<br /> ! Constructor<br /> ! Report<br /> |-<br /> ! 1<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Brazilian Grand Prix]]<br /> | March 23<br /> | [[Autódromo Internacional Nelson Piquet|Jacarepaguá]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Ayrton Senna]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Nelson Piquet]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Nelson Piquet]]<br /> | [[WilliamsF1|Williams]]-[[Honda F1|Honda]]<br /> | [[1986 Brazilian Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 2<br /> | {{flagicon|Spain}} [[Spanish Grand Prix]]<br /> | April 13<br /> | [[Circuito Permanente de Jerez|Jerez]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Ayrton Senna]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Nigel Mansell]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Ayrton Senna]]<br /> | [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[Renault F1|Renault]]<br /> | [[1986 Spanish Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 3<br /> | {{flagicon|San Marino}} [[San Marino Grand Prix]]<br /> | April 27<br /> | [[Autodromo Enzo e Dino Ferrari|Imola]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Ayrton Senna]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Nelson Piquet]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Alain Prost]]<br /> | [[Team McLaren|McLaren]]-[[Techniques d'Avant Garde|TAG]]<br /> | [[1986 San Marino Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 4<br /> | {{flagicon|Monaco}} [[Monaco Grand Prix]]<br /> | May 11<br /> | [[Circuit de Monaco|Monaco]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Alain Prost]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Alain Prost]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Alain Prost]]<br /> | [[Team McLaren|McLaren]]-[[Techniques d'Avant Garde|TAG]]<br /> | [[1986 Monaco Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 5<br /> | {{flagicon|Belgium}} [[Belgian Grand Prix]]<br /> | May 25<br /> | [[Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps|Spa-Francorchamps]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Nelson Piquet]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Alain Prost]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Nigel Mansell]]<br /> | [[WilliamsF1|Williams]]-[[Honda F1|Honda]]<br /> | [[1986 Belgian Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 6<br /> | {{flagicon|Canada}} [[Canadian Grand Prix]]<br /> | June 15<br /> | [[Circuit Gilles Villeneuve]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Nigel Mansell]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Nelson Piquet]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Nigel Mansell]]<br /> | [[WilliamsF1|Williams]]-[[Honda F1|Honda]]<br /> | [[1986 Canadian Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 7<br /> | {{flagicon|United States}} [[Detroit Grand Prix]]<br /> | June 22<br /> | [[Detroit street circuit|Detroit]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Ayrton Senna]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Nelson Piquet]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Ayrton Senna]]<br /> | [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[Renault F1|Renault]]<br /> | [[1986 Detroit Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 8<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[French Grand Prix]]<br /> | July 6<br /> | [[Paul Ricard Circuit|Paul Ricard]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Ayrton Senna]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Nigel Mansell]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Nigel Mansell]]<br /> | [[WilliamsF1|Williams]]-[[Honda F1|Honda]]<br /> | [[1986 French Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 9<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[British Grand Prix]]<br /> | July 13<br /> | [[Brands Hatch]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Nelson Piquet]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Nigel Mansell]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Nigel Mansell]]<br /> | [[WilliamsF1|Williams]]-[[Honda F1|Honda]]<br /> | [[1986 British Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 10<br /> | {{flagicon|West Germany}} [[German Grand Prix]]<br /> | July 27<br /> | [[Hockenheimring]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Finland}} [[Keke Rosberg]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Gerhard Berger]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Nelson Piquet]]<br /> | [[WilliamsF1|Williams]]-[[Honda F1|Honda]]<br /> | [[1986 German Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 11<br /> | {{flagicon|Hungary}} [[Hungarian Grand Prix]]<br /> | August 10<br /> | [[Hungaroring]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Ayrton Senna]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Nelson Piquet]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Nelson Piquet]]<br /> | [[WilliamsF1|Williams]]-[[Honda F1|Honda]]<br /> | [[1986 Hungarian Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 12<br /> | {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Austrian Grand Prix]]<br /> | August 17<br /> | [[Österreichring]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Teo Fabi]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Gerhard Berger]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Alain Prost]]<br /> | [[Team McLaren|McLaren]]-[[Techniques d'Avant Garde|TAG]]<br /> | [[1986 Austrian Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 13<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Italian Grand Prix]]<br /> | September 7<br /> | [[Autodromo Nazionale Monza|Monza]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Teo Fabi]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Teo Fabi]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Nelson Piquet]]<br /> | [[WilliamsF1|Williams]]-[[Honda F1|Honda]]<br /> | [[1986 Italian Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 14<br /> | {{flagicon|Portugal}} [[Portuguese Grand Prix]]<br /> | September 21<br /> | [[Autódromo do Estoril|Estoril]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Ayrton Senna]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Nigel Mansell]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Nigel Mansell]]<br /> | [[WilliamsF1|Williams]]-[[Honda F1|Honda]]<br /> | [[1986 Portuguese Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 15<br /> | {{flagicon|Mexico}} [[Mexican Grand Prix]]<br /> | October 12<br /> | [[Autodromo Hermanos Rodriguez|Hermanos Rodriguez]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Ayrton Senna]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Nelson Piquet]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Gerhard Berger]]<br /> | [[Benetton Formula|Benetton]]-[[BMW in Formula One|BMW]]<br /> | [[1986 Mexican Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 16<br /> | {{flagicon|Australia}} [[Australian Grand Prix]]<br /> | October 26<br /> | [[Adelaide Street Circuit|Adelaide]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Nigel Mansell]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Nelson Piquet]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Alain Prost]]<br /> | [[Team McLaren|McLaren]]-[[Techniques d'Avant Garde|TAG]]<br /> | [[1986 Australian Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==1986 Drivers Championship final standings==<br /> {|<br /> |- valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> |<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 85%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |- valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Pos<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Driver<br /> ! [[1986 Brazilian Grand Prix|BRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Brazil}}<br /> ! [[1986 Spanish Grand Prix|ESP]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Spain}}<br /> ! [[1986 San Marino Grand Prix|SMR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|San Marino}}<br /> ! [[1986 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Monaco}}<br /> ! [[1986 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Belgium}}<br /> ! [[1986 Canadian Grand Prix|CAN]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Canada}}<br /> ! [[1986 Detroit Grand Prix|DET]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|United States}}<br /> ! [[1986 French Grand Prix|FRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|France}}<br /> ! [[1986 British Grand Prix|GBR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|UK}}<br /> ! [[1986 German Grand Prix|GER]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|West Germany}}<br /> ! [[1986 Hungarian Grand Prix|HUN]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Hungary}}<br /> ! [[1986 Austrian Grand Prix|AUT]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Austria}}<br /> ! [[1986 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Italy}}<br /> ! [[1986 Portuguese Grand Prix|POR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Portugal}}<br /> ! [[1986 Mexican Grand Prix|MEX]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Mexico}}<br /> ! [[1986 Australian Grand Prix|AUS]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Australia}}<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Points&lt;ref name=&quot;points&quot;&gt;Only the best 11 results counted towards the Drivers' Championship. Numbers without parentheses are Championship points; numbers in parentheses are total points scored.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> ! 1<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[Alain Prost]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''''1'''''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| ''6''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#000000&quot; style=&quot;color: white&quot;| DSQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''72 (74)'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 2<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Nigel Mansell]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| ''2''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| ''1''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| ''1''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| ''1''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''70 (72)'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 3<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Nelson Piquet]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| ''1''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| ''2''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| ''3''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| ''Ret''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| ''1''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| ''4''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| ''2''<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''69'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 4<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Ayrton Senna]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''4'''&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''55'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 5<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Sweden}} [[Stefan Johansson]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''23'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 6<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Finland}} [[Keke Rosberg]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''5'''&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''22'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 7<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Gerhard Berger]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| ''10''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| ''7''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''17'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 8<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[Jacques Laffite]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''14'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 9<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Michele Alboreto]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''14'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 10<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[René Arnoux]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 15&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''14'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 11<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Martin Brundle]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''8'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 12<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Australia}} [[Alan Jones (racing driver)|Alan Jones]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''4'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 13<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Johnny Dumfries]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 14<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[Philippe Streiff]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 15<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[Patrick Tambay]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffff&quot;| DNS<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 16<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Teo Fabi]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''''Ret'''''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 17<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Riccardo Patrese]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 18<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|West Germany}} [[Christian Danner]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 19<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[Philippe Alliot]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Belgium}} [[Thierry Boutsen]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Derek Warwick]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;white&quot;| DNS<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Jonathan Palmer]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Netherlands}} [[Huub Rothengatter]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffff&quot;| DNS<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffff&quot;| DNS<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Andrea de Cesaris]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Elio de Angelis]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Switzerland}} [[Marc Surer]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Piercarlo Ghinzani]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Canada}} [[Allen Berg]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 16<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Alessandro Nannini]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Alex Caffi]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Ivan Capelli]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Eddie Cheever]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |- valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Pos<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Driver<br /> ! [[1986 Brazilian Grand Prix|BRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Brazil}}<br /> ! [[1986 Spanish Grand Prix|ESP]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Spain}}<br /> ! [[1986 San Marino Grand Prix|SMR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|San Marino}}<br /> ! [[1986 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Monaco}}<br /> ! [[1986 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Belgium}}<br /> ! [[1986 Canadian Grand Prix|CAN]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Canada}}<br /> ! [[1986 Detroit Grand Prix|DET]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|United States}}<br /> ! [[1986 French Grand Prix|FRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|France}}<br /> ! [[1986 British Grand Prix|GBR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|UK}}<br /> ! [[1986 German Grand Prix|GER]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|West Germany}}<br /> ! [[1986 Hungarian Grand Prix|HUN]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Hungary}}<br /> ! [[1986 Austrian Grand Prix|AUT]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Austria}}<br /> ! [[1986 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Italy}}<br /> ! [[1986 Portuguese Grand Prix|POR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Portugal}}<br /> ! [[1986 Mexican Grand Prix|MEX]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Mexico}}<br /> ! [[1986 Australian Grand Prix|AUS]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Australia}}<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Points<br /> |}<br /> |<br /> {{F1 driver results legend 2}}<br /> |}<br /> {{sup|†}} Drivers did not finish the Grand Prix, but were classified as they completed over 90% of the race distance.<br /> <br /> Drivers' Championship points were awarded on a 9-6-4-3-2-1 basis to the top six finishers in each round.&lt;ref&gt;Peter Higham, The Guinness Guide To International Motor Racing, 1995, page 6&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==1986 Constructors Championship final standings==<br /> {|<br /> |- valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> |<br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 85%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |- valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;|Pos<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;|Constructor<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Car&lt;br /&gt;no.<br /> ! [[1986 Brazilian Grand Prix|BRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Brazil}}<br /> ! [[1986 Spanish Grand Prix|ESP]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Spain}}<br /> ! [[1986 San Marino Grand Prix|SMR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|San Marino}}<br /> ! [[1986 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Monaco}}<br /> ! [[1986 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Belgium}}<br /> ! [[1986 Canadian Grand Prix|CAN]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Canada}}<br /> ! [[1986 Detroit Grand Prix|DET]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|United States}}<br /> ! [[1986 French Grand Prix|FRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|France}}<br /> ! [[1986 British Grand Prix|GBR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|UK}}<br /> ! [[1986 German Grand Prix|GER]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|West Germany}}<br /> ! [[1986 Hungarian Grand Prix|HUN]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Hungary}}<br /> ! [[1986 Austrian Grand Prix|AUT]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Austria}}<br /> ! [[1986 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Italy}}<br /> ! [[1986 Portuguese Grand Prix|POR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Portugal}}<br /> ! [[1986 Mexican Grand Prix|MEX]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Mexico}}<br /> ! [[1986 Australian Grand Prix|AUS]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Australia}}<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;|Pts<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 1<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[WilliamsF1|Williams]]-[[Honda F1|Honda]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 5<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| ''2''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| ''1''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| ''1''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| ''1''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;right&quot;| '''141'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 6<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| ''1''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| ''2''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''Ret''' <br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| ''3''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| ''Ret''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| ''1''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| ''4''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| ''2''<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 2<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[McLaren]]-[[Techniques d'Avant Garde|TAG]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 1<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''''1''''' <br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| ''6''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#000000&quot; style=&quot;color: white&quot;| DSQ<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;right&quot;| '''96'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 2<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''5&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;'''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 3<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[Renault F1|Renault]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 11<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;right&quot;| '''58'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 12<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''4&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;'''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| '''3'''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 4<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 27<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;right&quot;| '''37'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 28<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 5<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Equipe Ligier|Ligier]]-[[Renault F1|Renault]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 25<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 15&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;right&quot;| '''29'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 26<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 6<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Benetton Formula|Benetton]]-[[BMW in Formula One|BMW]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 19<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret <br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''''Ret'''''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;right&quot;| '''19'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 20<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| ''10''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| ''7''<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 7<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell]]-[[Renault F1|Renault]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 3<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;right&quot;| '''11'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 4<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 8<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Lola Cars|Lola]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 15<br /> |<br /> | <br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret <br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;right&quot;| '''6'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 16<br /> | <br /> | <br /> |<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 9<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Brabham]]-[[BMW in Formula One|BMW]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 7<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;right&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 8<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | <br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;white&quot;| DNS<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 10<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Arrows Grand Prix International|Arrows]]-[[BMW in Formula One|BMW]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 17<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> | <br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;right&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 18<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| —<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|FRG}} [[Zakspeed]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 14<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10&lt;sup&gt;†&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 29<br /> |<br /> | <br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;white&quot;| DNS<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;white&quot;| DNS<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| —<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Minardi]]-[[Motori Moderni]] <br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 23 <br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;|24 <br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| —<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Lola Cars|Lola]]-[[Hart (racing)|Hart]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 15 <br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 16<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | <br /> | <br /> |<br /> |<br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| —<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Osella]]-[[Alfa Romeo (Formula One)|Alfa Romeo]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 21<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 22<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 16<br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=&quot;1&quot;| —<br /> |rowspan=&quot;1&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Automobiles Gonfaronnaises Sportives|AGS]]-[[Motori Moderni]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 31<br /> |<br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret <br /> | bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret <br /> | <br /> | <br /> |rowspan=&quot;1&quot; align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;|Pos<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;|Constructor<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Car&lt;br /&gt;no.<br /> ! [[1986 Brazilian Grand Prix|BRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Brazil}}<br /> ! [[1986 Spanish Grand Prix|ESP]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Spain}}<br /> ! [[1986 San Marino Grand Prix|SMR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|San Marino}}<br /> ! [[1986 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Monaco}}<br /> ! [[1986 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Belgium}}<br /> ! [[1986 Canadian Grand Prix|CAN]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Canada}}<br /> ! [[1986 Detroit Grand Prix|DET]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|United States}}<br /> ! [[1986 French Grand Prix|FRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|France}}<br /> ! [[1986 British Grand Prix|GBR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|UK}}<br /> ! [[1986 German Grand Prix|GER]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|West Germany}}<br /> ! [[1986 Hungarian Grand Prix|HUN]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Hungary}}<br /> ! [[1986 Austrian Grand Prix|AUT]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Austria}}<br /> ! [[1986 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Italy}}<br /> ! [[1986 Portuguese Grand Prix|POR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Portugal}}<br /> ! [[1986 Mexican Grand Prix|MEX]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Mexico}}<br /> ! [[1986 Australian Grand Prix|AUS]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Australia}}<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;|Pts<br /> |}<br /> |<br /> {{F1 driver results legend 2}}<br /> |}<br /> {{sup|†}} Drivers did not finish the Grand Prix, but were classified as they completed over 90% of the race distance.<br /> <br /> ==Notes and references==<br /> &lt;references/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * [http://www.4mula1.ro/history/article/article11.html 1986 Formula 1 review]<br /> * [http://www.f1-facts.com/results/season/1986 1986 Formula 1 results &amp; images] Retrieved from f1-facts.com on 4 September 2008<br /> <br /> {{Formula One Championship}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Formula One seasons]]<br /> [[Category:1986 in Formula One| ]]<br /> <br /> [[ar:بطولة العالم لسباقات الفورمولا واحد موسم 1986]]<br /> [[bg:Световен шампионат на Формула 1 (1986)]]<br /> [[ca:Temporada 1986 de Fórmula 1]]<br /> [[cs:Formule 1 v roce 1986]]<br /> [[de:Formel-1-Saison 1986]]<br /> [[es:Anexo:Temporada 1986 de Fórmula 1]]<br /> [[eu:1986ko 1 Formulako denboraldia]]<br /> [[fa:مسابقات فرمول یک فصل ۱۹۸۶]]<br /> [[fr:Championnat du monde de Formule 1 1986]]<br /> [[gl:Campionato Mundial de Fórmula 1 de 1986]]<br /> [[hr:Formula 1 - sezona 1986.]]<br /> [[id:Formula Satu musim 1986]]<br /> [[it:Campionato mondiale di Formula 1 1986]]<br /> [[he:פורמולה 1 עונת 1986]]<br /> [[lt:1986 m. Formulės 1 sezonas]]<br /> [[hu:1986-os Formula–1 világbajnokság]]<br /> [[mr:१९८६ फॉर्म्युला वन हंगाम]]<br /> [[mzn:فصل ۱۹۸۶ فرمول یک مسابقات]]<br /> [[nl:Formule 1 in 1986]]<br /> [[ja:1986年のF1世界選手権]]<br /> [[no:Formel 1-sesongen 1986]]<br /> [[pl:Formuła 1 Sezon 1986]]<br /> [[pt:Temporada de Fórmula 1 de 1986]]<br /> [[ru:Формула-1 в сезоне 1986]]<br /> [[simple:1986 Formula One season]]<br /> [[sl:Formula 1 sezona 1986]]<br /> [[sr:Формула 1 (1986)]]<br /> [[fi:Formula 1 -kausi 1986]]<br /> [[sv:Formel 1-VM 1986]]<br /> [[tr:1986 Formula 1 sezonu]]</div> Tulumino https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1979_Formula_One_season&diff=535567930 1979 Formula One season 2013-01-29T20:15:02Z <p>Tulumino: /* Drivers and constructors */ see constructors results</p> <hr /> <div>{{F1 season | year = 1979}}<br /> The '''1979 Formula One season''' was the 30th season of [[FIA]] [[Formula One]] motor racing. It featured the 1979 World Championship of F1 Drivers &lt;ref&gt;FIA Yearbook 1980, Grey Section, page 84&lt;/ref&gt; and the 1979 International Cup for F1 Constructors &lt;ref&gt;FIA Yearbook 1980, Grey Section, page 85&lt;/ref&gt; which were contested concurrently over a fifteen round series which commenced on January 21, 1979, and ended on October 7. The season also included three non-championship Formula One races.<br /> <br /> ==Drivers and constructors==<br /> [[File:Scheckter Monza 1979.jpg|thumb|200px|Jody Scheckter won the driver's championship, driving for Ferrari]]<br /> [[File:Gilles Villeneuve 1979 Imola.jpg|thumb|200px|Canadian Gilles Villeneuve placed second in the 1979 World Championship of F1 Drivers behind Ferrari teammate Jody Scheckter]] <br /> The following drivers and constructors contested the 1979 World Championship of F1 Drivers and the 1979 International Cup for F1 Constructors.<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 85%&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Entrant<br /> ! Constructor<br /> ! Chassis<br /> ! Engine<br /> ! Tyres<br /> ! No<br /> ! Driver<br /> ! Rounds<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Team Lotus|Martini Racing Team Lotus]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Lotus 79|79]]&lt;br&gt;[[Lotus 80|80]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 1<br /> | {{flagicon|USA}} [[Mario Andretti]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> | 2<br /> | {{flagicon|ARG}} [[Carlos Reutemann]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;5&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Tyrrell Racing|Team Tyrrell]]&lt;br&gt;{{flagicon|GBR}} [[Tyrrell Racing|Candy Team Tyrrell]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;5&quot;| [[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;5&quot;| [[Tyrrell 009|009]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;5&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;5&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 3<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Didier Pironi]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| 4<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Jean-Pierre Jarier]]<br /> | 1-9, 12-15<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Geoff Lees]]<br /> | 10<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|IRE}} [[Derek Daly]]<br /> | 11 <br /> |-<br /> | 33<br /> | {{flagicon|IRE}} [[Derek Daly]]<br /> | 14-15 <br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=4| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Brabham|Parmalat Racing Team]]<br /> !rowspan=2| [[Brabham]]-[[Alfa Romeo in Formula One|Alfa Romeo]]<br /> |rowspan=2| [[Brabham BT46|BT46]]&lt;br&gt;[[Brabham BT48|BT48]]<br /> |rowspan=2| [[Alfa Romeo in Formula One|Alfa Romeo]] 115-12 3.0 [[Flat-12|F12]]&lt;br&gt;[[Alfa Romeo in Formula One|Alfa Romeo]] 1260 3.0 [[V12 engine|V12]]<br /> |rowspan=4| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 5<br /> | {{flagicon|AUT}} [[Niki Lauda]]<br /> | 1-13<br /> |-<br /> | 6<br /> | {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Nelson Piquet]]<br /> | 1-13<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=2| [[Brabham]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=2| [[Brabham BT49|BT49]]<br /> |rowspan=2| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> | 5<br /> | {{flagicon|ARG}} [[Ricardo Zunino]]<br /> | 14-15<br /> |-<br /> | 6<br /> | {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Nelson Piquet]]<br /> | 14-15<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[McLaren|Marlboro Team McLaren]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[McLaren]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[McLaren M26|M26]]&lt;br&gt;[[McLaren M28|M28]]&lt;br&gt;[[McLaren M28B|M28B]]&lt;br&gt;[[McLaren M28C|M28C]]&lt;br&gt;[[McLaren M29|M29]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 7<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[John Watson (racing driver)|John Watson]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> | 8<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Patrick Tambay]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|FRG}} [[ATS (wheels)|ATS Wheels]]<br /> ! [[ATS (wheels)|ATS]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | [[ATS D2|D2]]&lt;br&gt;[[ATS D3|D3]]<br /> | [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> | {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 9<br /> | {{flagicon|FRG}} [[Hans-Joachim Stuck]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Scuderia Ferrari SpA SEFAC]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Ferrari 312T|312T3]]&lt;br&gt;[[Ferrari 312T|312T4]]&lt;br&gt;[[Ferrari 312T|312T4B]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]] 015 3.0 [[Flat-12|F12]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Michelin}}<br /> | 11<br /> | {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[Jody Scheckter]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> | 12<br /> | {{flagicon|CAN}} [[Gilles Villeneuve]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Fittipaldi Automotive]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Fittipaldi Automotive|Fittipaldi]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] &lt;ref name=FIA&gt;Official records of the 1979 International Cup as published in the 1980 FIA Yearbook use the name &quot;Copersucar&quot; rather than &quot;Fittipaldi&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Fittipaldi F5A|F5A]]&lt;br&gt;[[Fittipaldi F6|F6]]&lt;br&gt;[[Fittipaldi F6A|F6A]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 14<br /> | {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Emerson Fittipaldi]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> | 19<br /> | {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Alex Ribeiro]]<br /> | 14-15<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Renault F1|Equipe Renault Elf]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Renault F1|Renault]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Renault RS01|RS01]]&lt;br&gt;[[Renault RS10|RS10]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Renault F1|Renault-Gordini]] EF1 1.5 [[V6]][[Turbocharger|t]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Michelin}}<br /> | 15<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Jean-Pierre Jabouille]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> | 16<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[René Arnoux]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Shadow Racing Cars|Samson Shadow Racing Team]]&lt;br&gt;{{flagicon|GBR}} [[Shadow Racing Cars|Interscope Shadow Racing Team]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Shadow Racing Cars|Shadow]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Shadow DN9|DN9]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 17<br /> | {{flagicon|NED}} [[Jan Lammers]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> | 18<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Elio de Angelis]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Walter Wolf Racing|Olympus Cameras Wolf Racing]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Walter Wolf Racing|Wolf]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Wolf WR7|WR7-9]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 20<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[James Hunt]]<br /> | 1-7<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|FIN}} [[Keke Rosberg]]<br /> | 8-15<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Ensign Racing|Team Ensign]] <br /> !rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[Ensign Racing|Ensign]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[Ensign N177|N177]]&lt;br&gt;[[Ensign N179|N179]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| 22<br /> | {{flagicon|IRE}} [[Derek Daly]]<br /> | 1-7<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Patrick Gaillard]]<br /> | 8-12<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|SUI}} [[Marc Surer]]<br /> | 13-15<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Merzario|Team Merzario]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Merzario]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Merzario A1B|A1B]]&lt;br&gt;[[Merzario A2|A2]]&lt;br&gt;[[Merzario A4|A4]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 24<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Arturo Merzario]]<br /> | 1-6, 8-15<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Gianfranco Brancatelli]]<br /> | 7<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Equipe Ligier|Ligier Gitanes]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[Equipe Ligier|Ligier]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[Ligier JS11|JS11]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 25<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Patrick Depailler]]<br /> | 1-7<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|BEL}} [[Jacky Ickx]]<br /> | 8-15<br /> |-<br /> | 26<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Jacques Laffite]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[WilliamsF1|Albilad-Saudia Racing Team]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[WilliamsF1|Williams]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Williams FW06|FW06]]&lt;br&gt;[[Williams FW07|FW07]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 27<br /> | {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Alan Jones (racing driver)|Alan Jones]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> | 28<br /> | {{flagicon|SUI}} [[Clay Regazzoni]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Arrows Grand Prix International|Warsteiner Arrows Racing Team]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Arrows Grand Prix International|Arrows]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Arrows A1B|A1B]]&lt;br&gt;[[Arrows A2|A2]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 29<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Riccardo Patrese]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> | 30<br /> | {{flagicon|FRG}} [[Jochen Mass]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=2| {{flagicon|MEX}} [[Rebaque|Team Rebaque]]<br /> ! [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | [[Lotus 79|79]]<br /> |rowspan=2| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=2| {{Goodyear}}<br /> |rowspan=2| 31<br /> |rowspan=2| {{flagicon|MEX}} [[Héctor Rebaque]]<br /> | 1-12<br /> |-<br /> ! [[Rebaque]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | [[Rebaque HR100|HR100]]<br /> | 13-15<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Autodelta]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Alfa Romeo in Formula One|Alfa Romeo]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Alfa Romeo 177|177]]&lt;br&gt;[[Alfa Romeo 179|179]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Alfa Romeo in Formula One|Alfa Romeo]] 115-12 3.0 [[Flat-12|F12]]&lt;br&gt;[[Alfa Romeo in Formula One|Alfa Romeo]] 1260 3.0 [[V12 engine|V12]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 35<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Bruno Giacomelli]]<br /> | 6, 8, 13, 15<br /> |-<br /> | 36<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Vittorio Brambilla]]<br /> | 13-15<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|GER}} [[Kauhsen|Willi Kauhsen Racing Team]]<br /> ! [[Kauhsen]]<br /> | [[Kauhsen WK|WK]]<br /> | [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> | {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 36<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Gianfranco Brancatelli]]<br /> | 5-6<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Race-by-Race==<br /> ===Race One: Argentina===<br /> Like in previous years, the opening race of the season was in Argentina. Most people expected the [[Team Lotus|Lotus]] cars driven by defending champion [[Mario Andretti]], and his new teammate [[Carlos Reutemann]] to dominate but, to many people's surprise, it was the [[Equipe Ligier|Ligier]] team that dominated qualifying, with [[Jacques Laffite]] on pole ahead of [[Patrick Depailler]], leaving Reutemann to qualify third. Laffite led at the start with Depailler following, but the two men starting on the third row, [[John Watson (racing driver)|John Watson]] in the [[McLaren]] collided with [[Jody Scheckter]]'s [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]] creating chaos behind. Four other cars were collected and race was red-flagged, and none were injured.<br /> <br /> The race restarted after the mess was cleared, and this time Depailler set off into the lead with [[Jean-Pierre Jarier]]'s [[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell]] and Watson (in his spare car) following him. But soon Laffite was up to second, and a few laps later he took the lead from Depailler. The Ligiers drove away, whereas Jarier struggled and dropped down the order with engine troubles, leaving Watson third before he was passed a recovering Reutemann. Laffite went on and won comfortably, but teammate Depailler suffered a misfire and dropped to fourth, leaving Reutemann second and Watson third.<br /> <br /> ===Race Two: Brazil===<br /> The drivers stayed in South America for the second round which was held in Brazil, and the Ligiers were in top form again, Laffite taking pole comfortably with Depailler alongside, with the Lotuses led by Reutemann on the second row. This time, Laffite was able to lead right from the first corner with Reutemann taking second from Depailler, but Depailler regained the place soon after and Andretti also passed his teammate to take third. Andretti however soon retired with a misfire, and so Reutemann was back in third. Laffite dominated the race and again won easily, with Depailler making it a 1-2 for Ligier and Reutemann cimpleting the podium.<br /> <br /> ===Race Three: South Africa===<br /> There was a six-week break before the race in South Africa. In the high-altitude circuit, [[Jean-Pierre Jabouille]] took pole in the turbocharged [[Renault F1|Renault]] and home hero Jody Scheckter put his Ferrari second on grid, just in front of teammate [[Gilles Villeneuve]], and the Ligiers were only on the third row. Jabouille led at the start with Villeneuve and Scheckter following, but Villeneuve took the lead on second lap before the race was stopped by a rainshower.<br /> <br /> When the race restarted, most drivers were on wets, but Scheckter and a few others opted for slicks. Villeneuve led at the restart and built up a gap, but the track dried and he had to pit for slicks along with most of the field. This left Scheckter leading comfortably, and he looked well set for a home win until he had to pit for new tyres, handing the lead back to Villeneuve and in behind, [[Patrick Tambay]] briefly ran third in his McLaren, until he was passed by Jarier. It was Villeneuve who won the race with Scheckter close behind, and Jarier taking the final spot on the podium.<br /> <br /> ===Race Four: United States West===<br /> One month after the South Africa race, the field went to the Long Beach circuit in the US. Qualifying saw Villeneuve taking his first career pole position with Reutemann alongside him on the front row ahead of Scheckter. Before the race started, Reutemann suffered an electrical failure and had to start from the pits. After a string of failed attempts to start the race due to different reasons, the race finally started with Villeneuve leading Depailler and Scheckter, but soon Jarier was up to second. As Villeneuve set about building a gap, Jarier and Depailler battled for second but Scheckter passed both of them mid-race. Towards the end, Jarier began to drop back rapidly with a vibration, so Depailler finally got third but not for long as [[Alan Jones (racing driver)|Alan Jones]]'s [[WilliamsF1|Williams]] was past him. That was how the race finishing, Villeneuve winning ahead of Scheckter in another Ferrari 1-2, and Jones giving the Williams team their second ever podium with third.<br /> <br /> ===Race Five: Spain===<br /> After another long break, this time for three weeks, the Spanish GP took place and here the Ligiers struck back at Ferrari, with Laffite on pole again with Depailler ensuring a front-row lockout leaving Villeneuve third. At the start, Depailler took the lead from Laffite, and Reutemann who has a brilliant start was up to third ahead of Villeneuve. The Ligers ran 1-2 comfortably until Laffite's engine blew up, leaving Reutemann second, and Andretti third after Villeneuve spun attempting to pass Reutemann. With his teammate out, Depailler was able to cruise to victory ahead of Reutemann and Andretti who ensured a double podium for Lotus.<br /> <br /> ===Race Six: Belgium===<br /> The sixth race of the season was in Belgium, where Laffite surprised no one with pole, and Depailler surprised no one with second, but [[Nelson Piquet]] surprised many by qualifying his [[Brabham]] third. Once again, it was Depailler who got the best start, and led with Jones up to second ahead of Piquet with Laffite dropping down to fourth. In the early stages, Laffite was on the charge, as he passed first Piquet, then Jones and finally Depailler as he took the lead. As the race progressed, the Ligiers suffered from tyre trouble and so Jones took the lead until he retired with an electrical failure which handed the lead back to Depailler (who had repassed Laffite) until he crashed out, so Laffite inherited the lead until he was passed by Scheckter. Scheckter went on and took his first win for Ferrari ahead of Laffite, with [[Didier Pironi]] completing the podium in his Tyrrell.<br /> <br /> ===Race Seven: Monaco===<br /> The next race was the illustrious Monaco GP, and in qualifying, it was Scheckter who was on pole with teammate Villeneuve alongside, restricting Depailler to the second row. At the start, Scheckter kept the lead with double world champion [[Niki Lauda]] featuring at the front for the first time this year by jumping up to second ahead of Villeneuve, but it took only 3 laps for Villeneuve to get past and follow his teammate in driving away from the field. <br /> <br /> Lauda kept third until Pironi tried to pass him, which resulted in a collision and both retiring. This put Jones up to third until he retired with steering troubles which brielfy handed the place to [[Arrows Grand Prix International|Arrows]] driver [[Jochen Mass]], but soon Jones's Wiliams teammate, [[Clay Regazzoni]] took the place, which became second when Villeneuve retired with a transmission failure. With Villeneuve out, Scheckter had no more challengers to his lead and won comfortably, with Regazzoni finishing second and Reutemann taking third.<br /> <br /> ===Race Eight: France===<br /> With the Swedish GP cancelled due to a lack of funding, it was the French GP that was next up. The home fans did get an all-French front row, but instead of the usual Ligiers, it were the two turbocharged Renaults who were in dominant form, Jean-Pierre Jabouille on pole ahead of [[René Arnoux]] and Villeneuve. At the start, Villeneuve beat Jabouille into the first corner, with Scheckter third after Arnoux had a bad start. As the front two began to drive away from the field, Arnoux began a charge up the order, and by mid-race he was back in third. In the second half of the race, the two Renaults found another gear, and Jabouille drove past Villeneuve to take the lead, and Arnoux began to close him down and caught him with four laps left. Jabouille won much to the happiness of the fans, and they received much more entertainment behind as Villeneuve and Arnoux battled for second for four laps, banging wheels repeatedly, and ultimately it was Villeneuve who prevailed.<br /> <br /> ===Race Nine: Great Britain===<br /> The second half of the year started in Britain, and now the Williams had found new speed, and Jones qualified it on pole ahead of Jabouille who was continuing his good form with Nelson Piquet again qualifying his Brabham third. Jones led into the first corner ahead of Jabouille, with Regazzoni up to third. The front three ran in the same order until Jabouille ran into tyre trouble and had to pit, leaving Regazzoni second and Arnoux third. Jones looked set to win but he had to retire with an overheating engine, so Regazzoni took the lead and went on to win, giving the Williams team their first ever F1 victory, with Arnoux second and Jean-Pierre Jarier third.<br /> <br /> ===Race Ten: Germany===<br /> The tenth race of the year was held in Germany, and on the fast track, Jabouille took pole with Jones completing the front row, and Laffite next up. Jones got the jump on Jabouille at the start, which Scheckter briefly up to third until Laffite regained back the place. Jones held off intense pressure from Jabouille in the early stages of the race, until the latter tried too hard and spun off giving second to Laffite and third to Regazzoni. Regazzoni was soon past Laffite, and the two Williams cars dominated the rest of race, with Jones getting his first win of the season and Regazzoni completing the 1-2 leaving Laffite to take the final spot on the podium.<br /> <br /> ===Race Eleven: Austria===<br /> The field went to the high-speed Österreichring circuit in Austria, and in qualifying once again the Renault turbo was the car to beat, Arnoux taking his first career pole, with Jones forcing Jabouille to settle for the second row. The race saw a sensational start from Villeneuve who jumped into the lead ahead of Jones, with Niki Lauda up to third after a bad start for the Renaults.<br /> <br /> Villeneuve led for three laps before Jones passed him, and Arnoux was up to third after passing Lauda. Arnoux then took Villeneuve for second, before Jabouille set off on a charge and took second himself. The two Renaults set off after Jones, but Jabouille's gearbox failed. Arnoux continued to chase down Jones until he suffered fuel pressure problems and dropped down to sixth place, and handing second back to Villeneuve. With the Renault challenge finished, Jones was able to cruise to victory with Villeneuve second and Laffite completing the podium.<br /> <br /> ==Season review==<br /> The following races counted towards the 1979 World Championship of F1 Drivers and the 1979 International Cup for F1 Constructors.<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 85%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Rnd<br /> ! Race<br /> ! Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Pole Position<br /> ! Fastest Lap<br /> ! Race Winner<br /> ! Constructor<br /> ! Report<br /> |-<br /> ! 1<br /> | {{flagicon|Argentina}} [[Argentine Grand Prix]]<br /> | January 21<br /> | [[Autódromo Juan y Oscar Gálvez|Buenos Aires]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Jacques Laffite]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Jacques Laffite]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Jacques Laffite]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Equipe Ligier|Ligier]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | [[1979 Argentine Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 2<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Brazilian Grand Prix]]<br /> | February 4<br /> | [[Autódromo José Carlos Pace|Interlagos]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Jacques Laffite]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Jacques Laffite]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Jacques Laffite]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Equipe Ligier|Ligier]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | [[1979 Brazilian Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 3<br /> | {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[South African Grand Prix]]<br /> | March 3<br /> | [[Kyalami]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Jean-Pierre Jabouille]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Canada}} [[Gilles Villeneuve]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Canada}} [[Gilles Villeneuve]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> | [[1979 South African Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 4<br /> | {{flagicon|United States}} [[United States Grand Prix West]]<br /> | April 8<br /> | [[Long Beach, California|Long Beach]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Canada}} [[Gilles Villeneuve]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Canada}} [[Gilles Villeneuve]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Canada}} [[Gilles Villeneuve]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> | [[1979 United States Grand Prix West|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 5<br /> | {{flagicon|Spain|1977}} [[Spanish Grand Prix]]<br /> | April 29<br /> | [[Circuito del Jarama|Jarama]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Jacques Laffite]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Canada}} [[Gilles Villeneuve]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Patrick Depailler]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Equipe Ligier|Ligier]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | [[1979 Spanish Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 6<br /> | {{flagicon|Belgium}} [[Belgian Grand Prix]]<br /> | May 13<br /> | [[Circuit Zolder|Zolder]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Jacques Laffite]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Canada}} [[Gilles Villeneuve]]<br /> | {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[Jody Scheckter]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> | [[1979 Belgian Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 7<br /> | {{flagicon|Monaco}} [[Monaco Grand Prix]]<br /> | May 27<br /> | [[Circuit de Monaco|Monaco]]<br /> | {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[Jody Scheckter]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Patrick Depailler]]<br /> | {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[Jody Scheckter]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> | [[1979 Monaco Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 8<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[French Grand Prix]]<br /> | July 1<br /> | [[Dijon-Prenois]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Jean-Pierre Jabouille]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[René Arnoux]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Jean-Pierre Jabouille]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Renault F1|Renault]]<br /> | [[1979 French Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 9<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[British Grand Prix]]<br /> | July 14<br /> | [[Silverstone Circuit|Silverstone]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Australia}} [[Alan Jones (racing driver)|Alan Jones]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Switzerland}} [[Clay Regazzoni]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Switzerland}} [[Clay Regazzoni]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[WilliamsF1|Williams]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | [[1979 British Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 10<br /> | {{flagicon|West Germany}} [[German Grand Prix]]<br /> | July 29<br /> | [[Hockenheimring]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Jean-Pierre Jabouille]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Canada}} [[Gilles Villeneuve]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Australia}} [[Alan Jones (racing driver)|Alan Jones]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[WilliamsF1|Williams]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | [[1979 German Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 11<br /> | {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Austrian Grand Prix]]<br /> | August 12<br /> | [[Österreichring]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[René Arnoux]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[René Arnoux]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Australia}} [[Alan Jones (racing driver)|Alan Jones]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[WilliamsF1|Williams]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | [[1979 Austrian Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 12<br /> | {{flagicon|Netherlands}} [[Dutch Grand Prix]]<br /> | August 26<br /> | [[Circuit Park Zandvoort|Zandvoort]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[René Arnoux]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Canada}} [[Gilles Villeneuve]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Australia}} [[Alan Jones (racing driver)|Alan Jones]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[WilliamsF1|Williams]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | [[1979 Dutch Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 13<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Italian Grand Prix]]<br /> | September 9<br /> | [[Autodromo Nazionale Monza|Monza]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Jean-Pierre Jabouille]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Switzerland}} [[Clay Regazzoni]]<br /> | {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[Jody Scheckter]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> | [[1979 Italian Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 14<br /> | {{flagicon|Canada}} [[Canadian Grand Prix]]<br /> | September 30<br /> | [[Circuit Gilles Villeneuve|Île Notre-Dame]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Australia}} [[Alan Jones (racing driver)|Alan Jones]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Australia}} [[Alan Jones (racing driver)|Alan Jones]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Australia}} [[Alan Jones (racing driver)|Alan Jones]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[WilliamsF1|Williams]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | [[1979 Canadian Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 15<br /> | {{flagicon|United States}} [[United States Grand Prix]]<br /> | October 7<br /> | [[Watkins Glen International|Watkins Glen]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Australia}} [[Alan Jones (racing driver)|Alan Jones]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Nelson Piquet]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Canada}} [[Gilles Villeneuve]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> | [[1979 United States Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> -The Swedish Grand Prix was supposed to be held at Anderstorp between the Monaco and French Grands Prix, but because of Swedish drivers Ronnie Peterson and Gunnar Nilsson's deaths in 1978, Swedish enthusiasm for the sport faded and as a result, there was no money for the race to be held and the race was promptly cancelled.<br /> <br /> ==1979 World Championship of F1 Drivers - final standings==<br /> {|<br /> |- valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> |<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 85%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |- valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Pos<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Driver<br /> ! [[1979 Argentine Grand Prix|ARG]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|Argentina}}<br /> ! [[1979 Brazilian Grand Prix|BRA]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|Brazil}}<br /> ! [[1979 South African Grand Prix|RSA]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}}<br /> ! [[1979 United States Grand Prix West|USW]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|United States}}<br /> ! [[1979 Spanish Grand Prix|ESP]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|Spain|1977}}<br /> ! [[1979 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|Belgium}}<br /> ! [[1979 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|Monaco}}<br /> ! [[1979 French Grand Prix|FRA]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|France}}<br /> ! [[1979 British Grand Prix|GBR]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|UK}}<br /> ! [[1979 German Grand Prix|GER]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|West Germany}}<br /> ! [[1979 Austrian Grand Prix|AUT]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|Austria}}<br /> ! [[1979 Dutch Grand Prix|NED]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|Netherlands}}<br /> ! [[1979 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|Italy}}<br /> ! [[1979 Canadian Grand Prix|CAN]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|Canada}}<br /> ! [[1979 United States Grand Prix|USE]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|United States}}<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Pts&lt;ref name=&quot;points&quot;&gt;Only the best 4 results from the first 7 races and the best 4 results from the last 8 races counted towards the Drivers' Championship. Numbers without parentheses are Championship points; numbers in parentheses are total points scored.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> ! 1<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[Jody Scheckter]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''51 (60)'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 2<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Canada}} [[Gilles Villeneuve]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| ''1''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''''1'''''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| ''7''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| ''7''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| ''8''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| ''Ret''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''47 (53)'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 3<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Australia}} [[Alan Jones (racing driver)|Alan Jones]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''''1'''''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''40 (43)'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 4<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[Jacques Laffite]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''''1'''''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''''1'''''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''36'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 5<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Switzerland}} [[Clay Regazzoni]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 15<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| ''1''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| ''3''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''29 (32)'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 6<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Argentina}} [[Carlos Reutemann]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''20 (25)'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 7<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[Patrick Depailler]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| ''5''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''20 (22)'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 8<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[René Arnoux]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffff&quot;| DNS<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| ''3''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''''6'''''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''17'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 9<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[John Watson (racing driver)|John Watson]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''15'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 10<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[Didier Pironi]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#000000&quot; style=&quot;color: white&quot;| DSQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''14'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 11<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[Jean-Pierre Jarier]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''14'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 12<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|United States}} [[Mario Andretti]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''14'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 13<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[Jean-Pierre Jabouille]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffff&quot;| DNS<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| '''14'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''9'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 14<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Niki Lauda]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> | <br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''4'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 15<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Elio de Angelis]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 16<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 16<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Nelson Piquet]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| ''Ret''<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 17<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Belgium}} [[Jacky Ickx]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 18<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|West Germany}} [[Jochen Mass]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 15<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 19<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Riccardo Patrese]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 20<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|West Germany}} [[Hans Joachim Stuck]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffff&quot;| DNS<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#000000&quot; style=&quot;color: white&quot;| DSQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffff&quot;| DNS<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 21<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Emerson Fittipaldi]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Mexico}} [[Hector Rebaque]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[Patrick Tambay]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Argentina}} [[Ricardo Zunino]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Geoff Lees]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Ireland}} [[Derek Daly]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[James Hunt]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Netherlands}} [[Jan Lammers]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 18<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Finland}} [[Keke Rosberg]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Vittorio Brambilla]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[Patrick Gaillard]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Bruno Giacomelli]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 17<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Arturo Merzario]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Switzerland}} [[Marc Surer]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Gianfranco Brancatelli]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNPQ<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Alex Ribeiro]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |- valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Pos<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Driver<br /> ! [[1979 Argentine Grand Prix|ARG]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|Argentina}}<br /> ! [[1979 Brazilian Grand Prix|BRA]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|Brazil}}<br /> ! [[1979 South African Grand Prix|RSA]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}}<br /> ! [[1979 United States Grand Prix West|USW]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|United States}}<br /> ! [[1979 Spanish Grand Prix|ESP]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|Spain|1977}}<br /> ! [[1979 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|Belgium}}<br /> ! [[1979 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|Monaco}}<br /> ! [[1979 French Grand Prix|FRA]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|France}}<br /> ! [[1979 British Grand Prix|GBR]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|UK}}<br /> ! [[1979 German Grand Prix|GER]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|West Germany}}<br /> ! [[1979 Austrian Grand Prix|AUT]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|Austria}}<br /> ! [[1979 Dutch Grand Prix|NED]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|Netherlands}}<br /> ! [[1979 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|Italy}}<br /> ! [[1979 Canadian Grand Prix|CAN]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|Canada}}<br /> ! [[1979 United States Grand Prix|USE]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|United States}}<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Pts<br /> |}<br /> Here '''bold''' indicates a pole position while ''italic'' indicates a fastest lap.<br /> |valign=&quot;top&quot;|<br /> {{F1 driver results legend 2}}<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==1979 International Cup for F1 Constructors - final standings==<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 85%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |- valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;|Pos<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;|Constructor<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Car&lt;br /&gt;no.<br /> ! [[1979 Argentine Grand Prix|ARG]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|Argentina}}<br /> ! [[1979 Brazilian Grand Prix|BRA]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|Brazil}}<br /> ! [[1979 South African Grand Prix|RSA]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}}<br /> ! [[1979 United States Grand Prix West|USW]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|United States}}<br /> ! [[1979 Spanish Grand Prix|ESP]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|Spain|1977}}<br /> ! [[1979 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|Belgium}}<br /> ! [[1979 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|Monaco}}<br /> ! [[1979 French Grand Prix|FRA]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|France}}<br /> ! [[1979 British Grand Prix|GBR]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|UK}}<br /> ! [[1979 German Grand Prix|GER]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|West Germany}}<br /> ! [[1979 Austrian Grand Prix|AUT]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|Austria}}<br /> ! [[1979 Dutch Grand Prix|NED]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|Netherlands}}<br /> ! [[1979 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|Italy}}<br /> ! [[1979 Canadian Grand Prix|CAN]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|Canada}}<br /> ! [[1979 United States Grand Prix|USE]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|United States}}<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;|Pts<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=2| 1<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;right&quot;| '''113'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| ''1''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''''1'''''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| ''7''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| ''7''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| ''8''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| ''Ret''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=2| 2<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[WilliamsF1|Williams]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 27<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''''1'''''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;right&quot;| '''75'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 28<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 15<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| ''1''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| ''3''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=2| 3<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Equipe Ligier|Ligier]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 25<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| ''5''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;right&quot;| '''61'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 26<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''''1'''''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''''1'''''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=3| 4<br /> |rowspan=3 align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |rowspan=3 align=&quot;right&quot;| '''39'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 31<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=3| 5<br /> |rowspan=3 align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#000000&quot; style=&quot;color: white&quot;| DSQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |rowspan=3 align=&quot;right&quot;| '''28'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 33<br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=2| 6<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Renault F1|Renault]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 15<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffff&quot;| DNS<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| '''14'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;right&quot;| '''26'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 16<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffff&quot;| DNS<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| ''3''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''''6'''''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=2| 7<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[McLaren]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;right&quot;| '''15'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=2| 8<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Brabham]]-[[Alfa Romeo in Formula One|Alfa Romeo]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> | <br /> | <br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;right&quot;| '''7'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> | <br /> | <br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=2| 9<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Arrows Grand Prix International|Arrows]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 29<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;right&quot;| '''5'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 30<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 15<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=2| 10<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Shadow Racing Cars|Shadow]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 17<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 18<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;right&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 18<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 16<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |-<br /> ! 11<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|FRG}} [[ATS (wheels)|ATS]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffff&quot;| DNS<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#000000&quot; style=&quot;color: white&quot;| DSQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffff&quot;| DNS<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=2| 12<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Fittipaldi Automotive|Fittipaldi]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]] &lt;ref name=FIA /&gt;<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 14<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;right&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 19<br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=2| —<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Brabham]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 5<br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 6<br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| ''Ret''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Walter Wolf Racing|Wolf]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 20<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Ensign Racing|Ensign]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 22<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=2| —<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Alfa Romeo in Formula One|Alfa Romeo]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 35<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 17<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 36<br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Merzario]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 24<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNPQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|MEX}} [[Rebaque]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 31<br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|FRG}} [[Kauhsen]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 36<br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> | <br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |- valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;|Pos<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;|Constructor<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Car&lt;br /&gt;no.<br /> ! [[1979 Argentine Grand Prix|ARG]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|Argentina}}<br /> ! [[1979 Brazilian Grand Prix|BRA]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|Brazil}}<br /> ! [[1979 South African Grand Prix|RSA]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}}<br /> ! [[1979 United States Grand Prix West|USW]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|United States}}<br /> ! [[1979 Spanish Grand Prix|ESP]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|Spain|1977}}<br /> ! [[1979 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|Belgium}}<br /> ! [[1979 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|Monaco}}<br /> ! [[1979 French Grand Prix|FRA]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|France}}<br /> ! [[1979 British Grand Prix|GBR]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|UK}}<br /> ! [[1979 German Grand Prix|GER]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|West Germany}}<br /> ! [[1979 Austrian Grand Prix|AUT]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|Austria}}<br /> ! [[1979 Dutch Grand Prix|NED]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|Netherlands}}<br /> ! [[1979 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|Italy}}<br /> ! [[1979 Canadian Grand Prix|CAN]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|Canada}}<br /> ! [[1979 United States Grand Prix|USE]]&lt;br /&gt; {{flagicon|United States}}<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;|Pts<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Non-Championship race results==<br /> Other Formula One races were also held in 1979, which did not count towards the World Championship.<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:95%&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Race Name<br /> ! Circuit<br /> ! Date<br /> ! Winning driver<br /> ! Constructor<br /> ! Report<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Race of Champions (Brands Hatch)|Marlboro / Daily Mail Race of Champions]]<br /> | [[Brands Hatch]]<br /> | April 15<br /> | {{flagicon|Canada}} [[Gilles Villeneuve]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> | [[1979 Race of Champions|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Gunnar Nilsson Memorial Trophy]]<br /> | [[Donington Park]]<br /> | June 3<br /> | {{flagicon|Australia}} [[Alan Jones (racing driver)|Alan Jones]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[WilliamsF1|Williams]]-[[Cosworth]]<br /> | [[Gunnar Nilsson Memorial Trophy|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[1979 Dino Ferrari Grand Prix|Dino Ferrari Grand Prix]]<br /> | [[Autodromo Enzo e Dino Ferrari|Imola]]<br /> | September 16<br /> | {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Niki Lauda]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Brabham]]-[[Alfa Romeo in Formula One|Alfa Romeo]]<br /> | [[1979 Dino Ferrari Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Notes &amp; references==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * [http://www.f1-facts.com/results/season/1979 1979 F1 Results and images from www.f1-facts.com]<br /> <br /> {{Formula One Championship}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Formula One seasons]]<br /> [[Category:1979 in Formula One| ]]<br /> <br /> [[ar:بطولة العالم لسباقات الفورمولا واحد موسم 1979]]<br /> [[bg:Световен шампионат на Формула 1 (1979)]]<br /> [[ca:Temporada 1979 de Fórmula 1]]<br /> [[cs:Formule 1 v roce 1979]]<br /> [[de:Formel-1-Saison 1979]]<br /> [[es:Anexo:Temporada 1979 de Fórmula 1]]<br /> [[eu:1979ko 1 Formulako denboraldia]]<br /> [[fa:مسابقات فرمول یک فصل ۱۹۷۹]]<br /> [[fr:Championnat du monde de Formule 1 1979]]<br /> [[gl:Campionato Mundial de Fórmula 1 de 1979]]<br /> [[hr:Formula 1 - sezona 1979.]]<br /> [[id:Formula Satu musim 1979]]<br /> [[it:Campionato mondiale di Formula 1 1979]]<br /> [[hu:1979-es Formula–1 világbajnokság]]<br /> [[mr:१९७९ फॉर्म्युला वन हंगाम]]<br /> [[mzn:فصل ۱۹۷۹ فرمول یک مسابقات]]<br /> [[nl:Formule 1 in 1979]]<br /> [[ja:1979年のF1世界選手権]]<br /> [[no:Formel 1-sesongen 1979]]<br /> [[pl:Formuła 1 Sezon 1979]]<br /> [[pt:Temporada de Fórmula 1 de 1979]]<br /> [[ru:Формула-1 в сезоне 1979]]<br /> [[simple:1979 Formula One season]]<br /> [[sl:Formula 1 sezona 1979]]<br /> [[sr:Формула 1 (1979)]]<br /> [[fi:Formula 1 -kausi 1979]]<br /> [[sv:Formel 1-VM 1979]]<br /> [[tr:1979 Formula 1 sezonu]]</div> Tulumino https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1982_Formula_One_World_Championship&diff=535399075 1982 Formula One World Championship 2013-01-28T20:37:03Z <p>Tulumino: /* 1982 Drivers Championship final standings */ defect bef start</p> <hr /> <div>{{F1 season | year = 1982}}<br /> The '''1982 Formula One season''' was the 33rd season of [[FIA]] [[Formula One]] motor racing. It featured the 1982 Formula 1 World Championship,&lt;ref name=FIA&gt;1982 Formula 1 World Championship, 1983 FIA Yearbook, Grey section, pages 78 &amp; 79&lt;/ref&gt; which commenced on 23 January and ended on 25 September after sixteen races.&lt;ref&gt;Results, Automobile Year 1982/83, pages 214 to 230&lt;/ref&gt; The Drivers' Championship was won by [[Keke Rosberg]] &lt;ref name=FIA/&gt; and the Manufacturers' Championship was awarded to [[Ferrari]].&lt;ref name=FIA/&gt;<br /> <br /> Rosberg was the first driver since [[Mike Hawthorn]] in the [[1958 Formula One season|1958 season]] to win the championship with only one race win. 11 drivers won a race during the season, none of them more than two times, including nine different winners in nine consecutive races.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=If you include the final two races of last season, the last seven GPs have had seven different winners - is this a record? |url=http://en.espnf1.com/f1/motorsport/story/79610.html|work=Ask Steven - ESPNF1.com|accessdate=5 April 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> The combination of technical and sporting regulations used during this season prompted many complaints about safety before and during the season. The season saw two fatalities and many serious and violent accidents. Ferrari driver [[Gilles Villeneuve]] was killed in an accident during qualifying for the [[1982 Belgian Grand Prix|Belgian Grand Prix]] at [[Zolder]] after hitting the [[March Engineering|March]] car of [[Jochen Mass]]. Italian driver [[Riccardo Paletti]] died at the [[1982 Canadian Grand Prix|Canadian Grand Prix]] when his [[Osella]] car hit the back of [[Didier Pironi]]'s stalled car at the start of the race. Pironi, who had been Villeneuve's teammate, suffered massive injuries to his legs in another qualifying accident at the [[1982 German Grand Prix|German Grand Prix]] and never raced in Formula One again.<br /> <br /> The season started with a drivers' strike at the first race of the season. Later in the season, the disagreement between the sport's governing body and the teams (known as the [[FISA-FOCA war]]) re-started and many of the teams boycotted the [[1982 San Marino Grand Prix|San Marino Grand Prix]]. For the first time since the inception of Formula One more than 30 years earlier, there were no non-Championship races run during 1982. This situation would become permanent from {{F1|1984}} onward. It was also the only season to host three Grands Prix in the same country (United States): the [[1982 Caesars Palace Grand Prix|Caesars Palace Grand Prix]], [[1982 Detroit Grand Prix|Detroit Grand Prix]] and [[1982 United States Grand Prix West|United States Grand Prix West]].<br /> <br /> The 1982 season was the end of an era, in which, since 1950, at least 1 or 2 drivers were killed every year in a Formula One related event. From 1983 onwards, the sport would see 3 more drivers die in Formula One cars- [[Elio de Angelis]] in 1986 driving a Brabham during testing at Paul Ricard, [[Roland Ratzenberger]] in 1994 during practice for the San Marino Grand Prix, and triple world champion [[Ayrton Senna]] during the race itself- barely a day after Ratzenberger's death.<br /> <br /> ==Pre-season==<br /> [[File:Keke Rosberg.jpg|thumb|1982 Drivers' Championship winner, [[Keke Rosberg]] (pictured in 1979)]]<br /> ;Drivers<br /> The off season saw rumours of several former champions returning to the sport, but in the end only double world champion [[Niki Lauda]] returned to Formula One after an absence of two years to partner [[John Watson (racing driver)|John Watson]] at McLaren.&lt;ref&gt;Lang (1992) p.75&lt;/ref&gt; The 1981 drivers' champion [[Nelson Piquet]] remained at Brabham, partnered by [[Riccardo Patrese]]. The [[WilliamsF1|Williams team]] kept [[Carlos Reutemann]], but their 1980 champion [[Alan Jones (racing driver)|Alan Jones]] retired and was replaced by Finn [[Keke Rosberg]], who had failed to score a single point the previous year with [[Fittipaldi Automotive]]. Ferrari and Renault retained their race-winning line ups of Villeneuve and [[Didier Pironi]] and [[Alain Prost]] and [[René Arnoux]], respectively.<br /> ;Technology<br /> The two main technological themes of the 1982 season were turbocharging and ground effect. The large automotive manufacturers could afford to develop the expensive new technology of turbocharging, which offered a significant power advantage over naturally aspirated engines. However, turbocharged engines were heavy and initially suffered from [[turbo lag]], a delay between the operation of the throttle and the delivery of power. The [[Renault F1|Renault]] and [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]] factory teams, together with the small privateer [[Toleman]] team, were the only ones to use turbocharged engines throughout the 1982 season. The other two manufacturer teams used [[V12 engine|V12]] atmospheric engines, which all other things being equal are more powerful than a [[V8 engine]] of the same capacity. [[Alfa Romeo in Formula One|Alfa Romeo]] were developing their own turbo engine, but for 1982 they retained what motorsport writer [[Doug Nye]] has called the most powerful 3-litre F1 engine seen at that time, with 548&amp;nbsp;bhp.&lt;ref&gt;Nye (1986) p.147&lt;/ref&gt; The French [[Equipe Ligier|Talbot-Ligier]] team used [[Matra]]'s less powerful V12 engine. Brabham also had a foot in the turbo camp, as they had been developing a car powered by a [[BMW in Formula One|BMW]] turbocharged engine since the previous year, but at the start of the year mainly relied on their older car powered by the naturally aspirated [[Cosworth DFV]] engine.<br /> [[File:Williams FW08 2008 Silverstone Classic.jpg|thumb|right|Williams' Cosworth DFV-powered FW08 was the last naturally aspirated car to be used to win the Drivers' Championship until 1989.]]<br /> Britain's specialist race car manufacturers had been following a different technical route, using the less powerful but compact, reliable and widely available Cosworth and focussing on the effectiveness of the chassis. The [[Team Lotus|Lotus]] team had introduced aerodynamic [[ground effect in cars|ground effect]] in 1978, and rapid progress had been made by others like [[WilliamsF1|Williams]], [[McLaren (racing)|McLaren]] and [[Brabham]] in exploiting it more and more effectively. The DFV, and the introduction by McLaren and [[Team Lotus|Lotus]] of cars built largely from [[Carbon fiber reinforced plastic|carbon-fibre composite]]s, allowed the teams to create very light cars. Several of the DFV teams felt that the turbo cars had an &quot;unfair&quot; advantage and sought a further weight reduction to equalise performance. The Formula One regulations stated that the weight of the cars must be at least 580&amp;nbsp;kg including lubricants and coolants. Working within the letter of the regulations, some teams fitted their cars with large water tanks, ostensibly for &quot;water-cooled brakes&quot;. In practice, the water was dumped early in the race, allowing the cars to race as much as 50&amp;nbsp;kg underweight. The regulations stated that the water could be topped up again at the end of the race, before the weight was checked.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last=Jenkinson|first=Denis|month=May | year=1983|title=The Formula One scene|journal=Motor Sport|volume=LVIII|issue=5}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> For the 1982 season, the [[Fédération Internationale du Sport Automobile]] (FISA), motorsport's world governing body, abandoned the previous year's minimum ride height rule. However, the rules requiring that the skirts around the edge of the car be fixed and rigid remained, and the cars kept their almost immovable suspension to allow the skirts to consistently seal the low pressure area under the cars. The cars depended entirely on their aerodynamic downforce and were extremely unpleasant to drive&amp;mdash;1978 world champion [[Mario Andretti]] cited them as one of the reasons he left F1 at the end of 1981&lt;ref&gt;Roebuck (1986) p.24 &quot;the cars were getting absurd, really crude, with no suspension movement whatever. It was toggle switch driving with no need for any kind of delicacy...it made leaving Formula One a lot easier than it would have been.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;&amp;mdash;and caused several of the drivers medical problems.{{Citation needed|date=April 2009}}<br /> ;Sporting Regulations<br /> The new rules for the season included an increase in the number of cars permitted to enter a Grand Prix from 30 to 34, and the number of starters from 24 to 26. To avoid having all 34 cars on the track at one time, a pre-qualifying session was introduced in which the three teams with the poorest record in the previous year would compete to be allowed into qualification proper. Three companies, [[Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company|Goodyear]], [[Michelin]] and [[Cooper Tire &amp; Rubber Company|Avon]] supplied tyres, including special qualifying tyres, which provided much increased levels of grip during the qualification sessions that determined the starting order for the race. For the first time the number of tyres permitted for qualification was limited, creating a situation which Villeneuve thought &quot;...unnecessarily dangerous. If I have only two chances to set a time, I need a clear track, OK? If it isn't clear, if there's someone in my way, I just have to hope he's looking in his mirrors &amp;mdash; I mean, I can't lift, because this is my last chance.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;Roebuck (1999) pp.175-176&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> ;Politics<br /> The [[Formula One Constructors Association]] (FOCA) and FISA had been in dispute over the control of the sport since 1979. The worst period of the disagreement (known as the [[FISA-FOCA war]]) had ended in 1981 with the signing of the [[Concorde Agreement]]. FOCA consisted of the major British teams, while the manufacturer teams (Renault, Ferrari, Alfa Romeo and Talbot-Ligier), together with Italian team [[Osella]] and Toleman were aligned with FISA.&lt;ref&gt;Lang (1992) pp. 10&amp;92. Lang gives the FISA teams in 1980 as &quot;Ferrari, Renault, Alfa-Romeo, Talbot-Ligier and Osella&quot;. By April 1982, Toleman has been added to the list, but &quot;Guy Ligier had recently switched allegiance to FOCA&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; The 1982 season had an unusually large number of teams representing major motor manufacturers, with [[Alfa Romeo]] and [[Talbot]] represented as well as Renault and Ferrari.&lt;ref&gt;In the 1950s, manufacturer teams were common. However, from the 1960s to the 1990s there were rarely more than two manufacturer teams, and for 18 years (1973-1976 and 1986-1999), Ferrari were the only manufacturer-owned team. Since 2000, manufacturers have become common again: five of the ten 2008 F1 teams represent automotive manufacturers.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Season summary==<br /> <br /> ===Politics===<br /> The early races of the season were disrupted by politics. At the first race of the season, the [[1982 South African Grand Prix|South African Grand Prix]], Niki Lauda led a drivers' strike against the &quot;[[superlicence]]s&quot;, newly required for participation in the championship, which included clauses that Lauda believed would unfairly tie drivers to their teams. Most of the drivers locked themselves in a conference room overnight before agreement was reached that the relevant clauses could be re-visited and the race was reinstated. The six factory turbocharged cars, including the Brabham-BMWs on this occasion, had their inherent power advantage exaggerated by the low air density at the high altitude Kyalami circuit and took the first six places on the grid. Alain Prost won the race in his Renault. Despite the pre-race agreement, the race stewards issued a statement during the race indicating that the licences of those drivers who had taken part in the strike were suspended.&lt;ref&gt;Roebuck (1999) pp.173&amp;ndash;175&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The striking drivers were eventually fined $5,000 each and given a one race ban, suspended for six months, but the process of reaching this compromise position took several weeks and contributed to the cancellation of that year's Argentine Grand Prix, due to be the second race of the year. The [[1982 Brazilian Grand Prix|Brazilian]] and [[1982 United States Grand Prix West|United States West]] Grands Prix were both won by DFV-powered cars, and both results were protested by the Ferrari and Renault teams, on the grounds that the leading DFV teams were competing with underweight cars thanks to their water-cooled brakes. The stewards in Brazil ruled that the Piquet's winning Brabham and Rosberg's second-placed Williams were illegal, but their counterparts in the US rejected the same claim against Niki Lauda's McLaren and Rosberg's Williams, although they did uphold the [[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell]] team's protest against Ferrari's use of two rear wings and disqualified Villeneuve. The appeal process meant that the result of the protest would not be known for another month.&lt;ref name=LangBrazil&gt;Lang (1992) pp.84&amp;ndash;88&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> On 19 April, the FIA tribunal found in favour of Ferrari and Renault's protest of the Brazilian Grand Prix result. Piquet and Rosberg were disqualified and Prost was awarded the win. The other finishers, including some like title contender John Watson who had also been racing underweight, but had not been protested, were moved up the results accordingly.&lt;ref&gt;Roebuck(1999) pp.178&amp;ndash;180&lt;/ref&gt; This gave Prost the lead in the world championship, with 18 points to Lauda's 12 and Rosberg and Watson's 8.&lt;ref&gt;Bamsey (1983) p.44&lt;/ref&gt; The tribunal also ruled that after future races, all cars must be weighed before liquids were topped up. The FOCA teams requested a postponement of the next race, the [[1982 San Marino Grand Prix|San Marino Grand Prix]], until July to allow consideration of the effects of the judgement, on the grounds that it changed the regulations of the sport. The race organisers refused to delay the race, which went ahead without the majority of the FOCA teams.&lt;ref&gt;Lang (1992) p.92&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Villeneuve and Pironi===<br /> <br /> &lt;!-- Deleted image removed: [[File:Villeneuve Monza 1981.jpg|thumb|right|Villeneuve fell out with his teammate Pironi at the [[1982 San Marino Grand Prix]]: they never spoke to each other again.{{Pufc|1=Villeneuve Monza 1981.jpg|date=30 September 2012}}]] --&gt;<br /> Only 14 cars competed at the [[1982 San Marino Grand Prix|San Marino Grand Prix]] because of the FOCA boycott, leaving the Ferraris to compete with the Renaults until both French cars broke down. By lap 45, Villeneuve and Pironi were contesting the lead, with Villeneuve in front, when their Ferrari team signalled them to slow down. Villeneuve did so and was passed by his team-mate; they swapped the lead again several times before Pironi passed Villeneuve on the final lap for the win.&lt;ref&gt;Lang (1992) pp.92-95&lt;/ref&gt; After the race, Villeneuve said that the &quot;Slow&quot; sign at Ferrari had always previously meant that the drivers should hold their positions, adding &quot;People seem to think we had the battle of our lives! [...] I was coasting those last 15 laps.&quot;; Pironi said that &quot;The 'Slow' sign means only to use your head [... not that] if you think you can win, don't do it.&quot; In an interview the following week, Villeneuve said that he would never speak to Pironi again.&lt;ref name=DonaldImola&gt;Donaldson (2003) pp.289-290&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Two weeks later, Villeneuve died after an accident during the final qualifying session for the [[1982 Belgian Grand Prix|Belgian Grand Prix]] at [[Zolder]]. Bamsey and Lang write that he was trying to beat Pironi's time,&lt;ref&gt;Bamsey (1983) p.50, Lang (1992) pp.96&amp;ndash;97, Watkins (1997) p.98 and Fearnley (May, 2007) all write that Villeneuve was attempting to beat Pironi. Jenkinson (June 1982) writes only that he &quot;was in the middle of a last desperate bid to improve his grid position.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; while Ferrari race engineer [[Mauro Forghieri]] says that the Canadian was returning to the pits and would not therefore have set a lap time.&lt;ref name=GD1&gt;Donaldson (2003) pp.296&amp;ndash;298&lt;/ref&gt; Villeneuve caught [[Jochen Mass]] travelling much more slowly through a left-handed bend and moved to the right to pass him at the same instant that Mass also moved right to let Villeneuve through on the [[racing line]]. The two collided and Villeneuve was thrown out of his disintegrating car. He died of a [[cervical fracture|fractured neck]] in a local hospital at 9:12 that evening.&lt;ref name=GD1 /&gt; Ferrari withdrew from the race, which John Watson won for McLaren. His team-mate Lauda was disqualified after the race for an underweight car. The results were dominated by the returning FOCA teams; even the only turbo-engined finisher, Piquet's Brabham-BMW, was from their number.&lt;ref&gt;Bamsey (1983) p.51&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Roebuck writes that the next race, the [[1982 Monaco Grand Prix|Monaco Grand Prix]], &quot;was a sombre, edgy place [...] the sense of [Villeneuve's] absence was overwhelming&quot;: the Canadian had lived in the principality and had won the previous year's race.&lt;ref&gt;Roebuck (1999) p.186&lt;/ref&gt; In the race itself Arnoux led early before spinning off, handing the lead to his Renault teammate Prost. Prost built up a massive lead, but a light rain shower in the closing laps triggered a chaotic finish. Prost crashed out, handing the lead to Patrese. Patrese spun on the penultimate lap and stalled, allowing Pironi into the lead, followed by de Cesaris. On the final lap Pironi, de Cesaris, and Derek Daly all dropped out while in potential race winning positions. Meanwhile, Patrese bump-started his car by coasting down a hill, completed the final two laps, and took his first career victory.&lt;ref&gt;Roebuck (1999) p.187&lt;/ref&gt; Pironi was classified second, despite running out of fuel and stopping on the last lap. After the race, Prost, who had scored no points since the Brazilian Grand Prix in March, led the championship by one point from Watson and two points from Pironi.&lt;ref&gt;Bamsey (1983) p.57&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===North American tour===<br /> <br /> Formula One returned to North America for the [[1982 Detroit Grand Prix|Detroit Grand Prix]], where Watson won again, this time from 17th place on the grid, to take the championship lead.&lt;ref&gt;Lang (1992) pp.103-107&lt;/ref&gt; Tragedy struck again in Canada. Pironi qualified on pole, but stalled at the start. His stationary car was hit by the [[Osella]] of young Italian [[Riccardo Paletti]], who was killed in the impact and resultant fire. Piquet won the re-started race. Pironi came back to take a dominant victory in Holland, where Arnoux was lucky to escape uninjured from a massive crash after his Renault's throttle stuck open.<br /> {{quote box|quote=&quot;...there was heavy rain; as I buttoned up against the elements I chanced to look across to the end of the straight leading into the stadium.&lt;br&gt;There was a car&amp;mdash;a Ferrari&amp;mdash; in the air, 20 feet or so from the ground, its nose pointing skyward. It came down tail first, then began somersaulting, coming to rest finally at the trackside.&quot; ''Journalist Nigel Roebuck describing Pironi's career-ending crash at the [[1982 German Grand Prix]]''|source=Roebuck (1999) pp.209&amp;ndash;210|width=31%|align=right}}<br /> <br /> ===Back to Europe===<br /> <br /> Lauda won in Britain, but the real star of the race was [[Derek Warwick]], who hustled the unfancied [[Toleman]] into second place late in the race and was closing on Lauda before the car broke down. The next race at Le Castellet's Circuit Paul Ricard saw Frenchman Arnoux take victory in his French Renault, which was popular with the crowd but not with the team, as Arnoux was supposed to give the win to teammate Prost to help the latter's championship cause. But that was a race that saw 4 French drivers finish in the top 4 (Arnoux, Prost, Pironi and Patrick Tambay) and German driver Jochen Mass immediately retire from F1 after a near-catastrophic accident with Mauro Baldi at Signes, the fast corner after the long Mistral straight. Mass's car touched Baldi's, both went off the track and Mass hit the barrier and was then catapulted into grandstands full of people. Miraculously, no one was killed. As it was, Pironi seemed poised to run away with the title, but his quest was ended prematurely at the next race in Germany. During a wet qualifying session, Pironi plowed into the back of Prost's Renault. The Ferrari was launched into the air in an eerily similar accident to the one that killed Villeneuve. Fortunately, Pironi was not thrown from the car, but he suffered career-ending leg injuries. Pironi's crash was so bad that FIA doctor [[Sid Watkins]] had considered amputating Pironi's legs to remove him from the wrecked Ferrari, which never happened. Ferrari chose to compete in the next day's race, and Patrick Tambay (who Ferrari had picked to replace Villeneuve) took a somber win after Piquet crashed out of the lead while lapping [[Eliseo Salazar]] (Piquet famously punched Salazar for his trouble).<br /> <br /> ===Rosberg wins===<br /> Elio de Angelis scored his first win in Austria, as Rosberg's last-lap lunge for the win came up 0.050 seconds short. However, Rosberg was not to be denied at the next race, a second French round in [[Dijon-Prenois]] named the 'Grand Prix of Switzerland' (because motor racing was prohibited in Switzerland at the time, many Swiss automobile clubs raced in Dijon). After toiling in the mid-field for the first half of the race, the Finn went on a charge and was on Prost's tail on the penultimate lap. Rosberg passed Prost on the last lap and held the lead for the remainder of it.<br /> <br /> Suddenly, Rosberg (who had scored zero points the previous season) was leading the championship. He duly held onto that lead in Italy (where Arnoux beat the two Ferraris) and in the final round at Las Vegas (where Alboreto took an unlikely win) to become the first Finnish World Champion.<br /> <br /> ==Drivers and constructors==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 85%&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Entrant<br /> ! Constructor<br /> ! Chassis<br /> ! Engine<br /> ! Tyres<br /> ! No<br /> ! Driver<br /> ! Rounds<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Brabham|Parmalat Racing Team]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Brabham]]-[[BMW in Formula One|BMW]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Brabham BT50|BT50]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[BMW M12]]/13 1.5 [[Straight-4|L4]][[Turbocharger|t]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 1<br /> | {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Nelson Piquet]]<br /> | 1, 5-16<br /> |-<br /> | 2<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Riccardo Patrese]]<br /> | 1, 5, 9-16<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Brabham]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Brabham BT49C|BT49C]]&lt;br&gt;[[Brabham BT49D|BT49D]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> | 1<br /> | {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Nelson Piquet]]<br /> | 2-3<br /> |-<br /> | 2<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Riccardo Patrese]]<br /> | 2-3, 6-8<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Tyrrell Racing|Team Tyrrell]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[Tyrrell 011|011]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 3<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Michele Alboreto]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 4<br /> | {{flagicon|SWE}} [[Slim Borgudd]]<br /> | 1-3<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Brian Henton]]<br /> | 4-16<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[WilliamsF1|TAG Williams Racing Team]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| [[WilliamsF1|Williams]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| [[Williams FW07|FW07C]]&lt;br&gt;[[Williams FW07|FW07D]]&lt;br&gt;[[Williams FW08|FW08]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| 5<br /> | {{flagicon|ARG}} [[Carlos Reutemann]]<br /> | 1-2<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|USA}} [[Mario Andretti]]<br /> | 3<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|IRE}} [[Derek Daly]]<br /> | 5-16<br /> |-<br /> | 6<br /> | {{flagicon|FIN}} [[Keke Rosberg]]<br /> | 1-3, 5-16<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[McLaren|Marlboro McLaren International]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[McLaren]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[McLaren MP4/1|MP4/1B]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Michelin}}<br /> | 7<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[John Watson (racing driver)|John Watson]]<br /> | 1-3, 5-16<br /> |-<br /> | 8<br /> | {{flagicon|AUT}} [[Niki Lauda]]<br /> | 1-3, 5-16<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|FRG}} [[ATS (wheels)|Team ATS]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[ATS (wheels)|ATS]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[ATS D5|D5]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Avon}}&lt;br&gt;{{Goodyear}}<br /> | 9<br /> | {{flagicon|FRG}} [[Manfred Winkelhock]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> | 10<br /> | {{flagicon|Chile}} [[Eliseo Salazar]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Team Lotus|John Player Team Lotus]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| [[Lotus 87B|87B]]&lt;br&gt;[[Lotus 91|91]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> | 11<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Elio de Angelis]]<br /> | 1-3, 5-16<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| 12<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Nigel Mansell]]<br /> | 1-3, 5-8, 10, 12-16<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Roberto Moreno]]<br /> | 9<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Geoff Lees]]<br /> | 11<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Ensign Racing]]<br /> ! [[Ensign Racing|Ensign]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | [[Ensign N180B|N180B]]&lt;br&gt;[[Ensign N181|N181]]<br /> | [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> | {{Avon}}&lt;br&gt;{{Pirelli}}<br /> | 14<br /> | {{flagicon|COL}} [[Roberto Guerrero]]<br /> | 1-3, 5-16<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Renault F1|Equipe Renault Elf]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Renault F1|Renault]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Renault RE30B|RE30B]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Renault F1|Renault-Gordini]] EF1 1.5 [[V6]][[Turbocharger|t]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Michelin}}<br /> | 15<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Alain Prost]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> | 16<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[René Arnoux]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[March Engineering|Rothmans March Grand Prix Team]]&lt;br&gt;{{flagicon|GBR}} [[March Engineering|LBT Team March]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| [[March Engineering|March]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| [[March 821|821]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| {{Pirelli}}&lt;br&gt;{{Avon}}<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 17<br /> | {{flagicon|FRG}} [[Jochen Mass]]<br /> | 1-3, 5-11<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Rupert Keegan]]<br /> | 12-16<br /> |-<br /> | 18<br /> | {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Raul Boesel]]<br /> | 1-3, 5-16<br /> |-<br /> | 19<br /> | {{flagicon|ESP}} [[Emilio de Villota]]<br /> | 5-9<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Fittipaldi Automotive]]<br /> ! [[Fittipaldi Automotive|Fittipaldi]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | [[Fittipaldi F8D|F8D]]&lt;br&gt;[[Fittipaldi F9|F9]]<br /> | [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> | {{Pirelli}}<br /> | 20<br /> | {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Chico Serra]]<br /> | 1-3, 5-16<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Alfa Romeo in Formula One|Marlboro Team Alfa Romeo]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Alfa Romeo in Formula One|Alfa Romeo]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Alfa Romeo 179D|179D]]&lt;br&gt;[[Alfa Romeo 182|182]]&lt;br&gt;[[Alfa Romeo 182B|182B]]&lt;br&gt;[[Alfa Romeo 182T|182T]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Alfa Romeo in Formula One|Alfa Romeo]] 1260 3.0 [[V12 engine|V12]]&lt;br&gt;[[Alfa Romeo in Formula One|Alfa Romeo]] 890T 1.5 [[V8 engine|V8]][[Turbocharger|t]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Michelin}}<br /> | 22<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Andrea de Cesaris]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> | 23<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Bruno Giacomelli]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Equipe Ligier|Equipe Talbot Gitanes]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Equipe Ligier|Ligier]]-[[Matra#Matra racing history|Matra]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Ligier JS17B|JS17B]]&lt;br&gt;[[Ligier JS19|JS19]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Matra#Matra racing history|Matra]] MS81 3.0 [[V12 engine|V12]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Michelin}}<br /> | 25<br /> | {{flagicon|USA}} [[Eddie Cheever]]<br /> | 1-3, 5-16<br /> |-<br /> | 26<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Jacques Laffite]]<br /> | 1-3, 5-16<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Scuderia Ferrari SpA SEFAC]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| [[Ferrari 126 C|126C2]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]] 021 1.5 [[V6]][[Turbocharger|t]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| {{Goodyear}}<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 27<br /> | {{flagicon|CAN}} [[Gilles Villeneuve]]<br /> | 1-5<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Patrick Tambay]]<br /> | 9-16<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 28<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Didier Pironi]]<br /> | 1-12<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|USA}} [[Mario Andretti]]<br /> | 15-16<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Arrows Grand Prix International|Arrows Racing Team]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[Arrows Grand Prix International|Arrows]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[Arrows A4|A4]]&lt;br&gt;[[Arrows A5|A5]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;3&quot;| {{Pirelli}}<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| 29<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Brian Henton]]<br /> | 1-3<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|SUI}} [[Marc Surer]]<br /> | 5-16<br /> |-<br /> | 30<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Mauro Baldi]]<br /> | 1-3, 5-16<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Osella|Osella Squadra Corse]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Osella]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Osella FA1C|FA1C]]&lt;br&gt;[[Osella FA1D|FA1D]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Pirelli}}<br /> | 31<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Jean-Pierre Jarier]]<br /> | All<br /> |-<br /> | 32<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Riccardo Paletti]]<br /> | 1-8<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Theodore Racing|Theodore Racing Team]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| [[Theodore Racing|Theodore]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| [[Theodore TY01|TY01]]&lt;br&gt;[[Theodore TY02|TY02]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| [[Cosworth DFV|Ford Cosworth DFV]] 3.0 [[V8 engine|V8]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| {{Avon}}&lt;br&gt;{{Goodyear}}<br /> |rowspan=&quot;4&quot;| 33<br /> | {{flagicon|IRE}} [[Derek Daly]]<br /> | 1-3<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|NED}} [[Jan Lammers]]<br /> | 5-7, 9-11<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Geoff Lees]]<br /> | 8<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|IRE}} [[Tommy Byrne (racing driver)|Tommy Byrne]]<br /> | 12-16<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Toleman|Candy Toleman Motorsport]]&lt;br&gt;{{flagicon|GBR}} [[Toleman|Toleman Group Motorsport]]<br /> !rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Toleman]]-[[Brian Hart Ltd.|Hart]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Toleman TG181B|TG181B]]&lt;br&gt;[[Toleman TG181C|TG181C]]&lt;br&gt;[[Toleman TG183|TG183]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| [[Brian Hart Ltd.|Hart]] 415T 1.5 [[Straight-4|L4]][[Turbocharger|t]]<br /> |rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| {{Pirelli}}<br /> | 35<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Derek Warwick]]<br /> | 1-6, 9-16<br /> |-<br /> | 36<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Teo Fabi]]<br /> | 1-6, 9-16<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Season review==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 85%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! Rnd<br /> ! Race<br /> ! Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Pole Position<br /> ! Fastest Lap<br /> ! Race Winner<br /> ! Constructor<br /> ! Report<br /> |-<br /> ! 1<br /> | {{flagicon|South Africa|1928}} [[South African Grand Prix]]<br /> | January 23<br /> | [[Kyalami]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[René Arnoux]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Alain Prost]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Alain Prost]]<br /> | [[Renault F1|Renault]]<br /> | [[1982 South African Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 2<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Brazilian Grand Prix]]<br /> | March 21<br /> | [[Autódromo Internacional Nelson Piquet|Jacarepaguá]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Alain Prost]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Alain Prost]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Alain Prost]]<br /> | [[Renault F1|Renault]]<br /> | [[1982 Brazilian Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 3<br /> | {{flagicon|United States}} [[United States Grand Prix West]]<br /> | April 4<br /> | [[Long Beach, California|Long Beach]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Andrea de Cesaris]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Niki Lauda]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Niki Lauda]]<br /> | [[McLaren]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | [[1982 United States Grand Prix West|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 4<br /> | {{flagicon|San Marino}} [[San Marino Grand Prix]]<br /> | April 25<br /> | [[Autodromo Enzo e Dino Ferrari|Imola]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[René Arnoux]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Didier Pironi]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Didier Pironi]]<br /> | [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> | [[1982 San Marino Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 5<br /> | {{flagicon|Belgium}} [[Belgian Grand Prix]]<br /> | May 9<br /> | [[Zolder]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Alain Prost]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[John Watson (racing driver)|John Watson]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[John Watson (racing driver)|John Watson]]<br /> | [[McLaren]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | [[1982 Belgian Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 6<br /> | {{flagicon|Monaco}} [[Monaco Grand Prix]]<br /> | May 23<br /> | [[Circuit de Monaco|Monaco]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[René Arnoux]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Riccardo Patrese]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Riccardo Patrese]]<br /> | [[Brabham]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | [[1982 Monaco Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 7<br /> | {{flagicon|United States}} [[Detroit Grand Prix]]<br /> | June 6<br /> | [[Detroit Street Circuit|Detroit]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Alain Prost]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Alain Prost]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[John Watson (racing driver)|John Watson]]<br /> | [[McLaren]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | [[1982 Detroit Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 8<br /> | {{flagicon|Canada}} [[Canadian Grand Prix]]<br /> | June 13<br /> | [[Circuit Gilles Villeneuve]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Didier Pironi]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Didier Pironi]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Nelson Piquet]]<br /> | [[Brabham]]-[[BMW in Formula One|BMW]]<br /> | [[1982 Canadian Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 9<br /> | {{flagicon|Netherlands}} [[Dutch Grand Prix]]<br /> | July 3<br /> | [[Circuit Zandvoort|Zandvoort]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[René Arnoux]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Derek Warwick]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Didier Pironi]]<br /> | [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> | [[1982 Dutch Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 10<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[British Grand Prix]]<br /> | July 18<br /> | [[Brands Hatch]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Finland}} [[Keke Rosberg]]<br /> | {{flagicon|UK}} [[Brian Henton]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Niki Lauda]]<br /> | [[McLaren]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | [[1982 British Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 11<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[French Grand Prix]]<br /> | July 25<br /> | [[Paul Ricard Circuit|Paul Ricard]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[René Arnoux]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Riccardo Patrese]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[René Arnoux]]<br /> | [[Renault F1|Renault]]<br /> | [[1982 French Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 12<br /> | {{flagicon|West Germany}} [[German Grand Prix]]<br /> | August 8<br /> | [[Hockenheimring]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Didier Pironi]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Nelson Piquet]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Patrick Tambay]]<br /> | [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> | [[1982 German Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 13<br /> | {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Austrian Grand Prix]]<br /> | August 15<br /> | [[Österreichring]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Nelson Piquet]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Nelson Piquet]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Elio de Angelis]]<br /> | [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | [[1982 Austrian Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 14<br /> | {{flagicon|Switzerland}} [[Swiss Grand Prix]]<br /> | August 29<br /> | [[Dijon-Prenois|Dijon]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Alain Prost]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Alain Prost]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Finland}} [[Keke Rosberg]]<br /> | [[WilliamsF1|Williams]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | [[1982 Swiss Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 15<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Italian Grand Prix]]<br /> | September 12<br /> | [[Autodromo Nazionale Monza|Monza]]<br /> | {{flagicon|USA}} [[Mario Andretti]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[René Arnoux]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[René Arnoux]]<br /> | [[Renault F1|Renault]]<br /> | [[1982 Italian Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |-<br /> ! 16<br /> | {{flagicon|USA}} [[Caesars Palace Grand Prix]]<br /> | September 25<br /> | [[Caesars Palace]]<br /> | {{flagicon|France}} [[Alain Prost]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Michele Alboreto]]<br /> | {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Michele Alboreto]]<br /> | [[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> | [[1982 Caesars Palace Grand Prix|Report]]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==1982 Drivers Championship final standings==<br /> {|<br /> |- valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> |<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 85%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |- valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Pos &lt;ref name=FIA/&gt;<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Driver &lt;ref name=FIA/&gt;<br /> ! [[1982 South African Grand Prix|RSA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|South Africa|1928}}<br /> ! [[1982 Brazilian Grand Prix|BRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Brazil}}<br /> ! [[1982 United States Grand Prix West|USW]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|United States}}<br /> ! [[1982 San Marino Grand Prix|SMR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|San Marino}}<br /> ! [[1982 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Belgium}}<br /> ! [[1982 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Monaco}}<br /> ! [[1982 Detroit Grand Prix|DET]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|United States}}<br /> ! [[1982 Canadian Grand Prix|CAN]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Canada}}<br /> ! [[1982 Dutch Grand Prix|NED]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Netherlands}}<br /> ! [[1982 British Grand Prix|GBR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|UK}}<br /> ! [[1982 French Grand Prix|FRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|France}}<br /> ! [[1982 German Grand Prix|GER]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|West Germany}}<br /> ! [[1982 Austrian Grand Prix|AUT]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Austria}}<br /> ! [[1982 Swiss Grand Prix|SUI]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Switzerland}}<br /> ! [[1982 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Italy}}<br /> ! [[1982 Caesars Palace Grand Prix|CPL]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|USA}}<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Points &lt;ref name=FIA/&gt;<br /> |-<br /> ! 1<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Finland}} [[Keke Rosberg]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#000000&quot; style=&quot;color: white&quot;| DSQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''44'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 2<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[Didier Pironi]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 18<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| ''1''<br /> || DNS<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| '''''9'''''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffff&quot;| '''DNS'''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''39'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 3<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[John Watson (racing driver)|John Watson]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| ''1''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''39'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 4<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[Alain Prost]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| ''1''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''''1'''''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| '''''NC'''''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''''2'''''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''4'''<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''34'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 5<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Austria}} [[Niki Lauda]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| ''1''<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#000000&quot; style=&quot;color: white&quot;| DSQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffff&quot;| DNS<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''30'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 6<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[René Arnoux]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 16<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| ''1''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''28'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 7<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[Patrick Tambay]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffff&quot;| DNS<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffff&quot;| DNS<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''25'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 8<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Michele Alboreto]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| ''1''<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''25'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 9<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Elio de Angelis]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''23'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 10<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Riccardo Patrese]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| ''1''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 15<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| ''Ret''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''21'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 11<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Nelson Piquet]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#000000&quot; style=&quot;color: white&quot;| DSQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| ''Ret''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''''Ret'''''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''20'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 12<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Eddie Cheever]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 16<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''15'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 13<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Ireland}} [[Derek Daly]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''8'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 14<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Nigel Mansell]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''7'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 15<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Argentina}} [[Carlos Reutemann]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''6'''<br /> |-<br /> ! = &lt;ref name=FIA/&gt;<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Canada}} [[Gilles Villeneuve]]†<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#000000&quot; style=&quot;color: white&quot;| DSQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffff&quot;| DNS†<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''6'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 17<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Andrea de Cesaris]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''5'''<br /> |-<br /> ! = &lt;ref name=FIA/&gt;<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[Jacques Laffite]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''5'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 19<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Mario Andretti]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''4'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 20<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|France}} [[Jean-Pierre Jarier]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffff&quot;| DNS<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 21<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Switzerland}} [[Marc Surer]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 15<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 22<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|West Germany}} [[Manfred Winkelhock]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#000000&quot; style=&quot;color: white&quot;| DSQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |-<br /> ! = &lt;ref name=FIA/&gt;<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Chile}} [[Eliseo Salazar]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |-<br /> ! = &lt;ref name=FIA/&gt;<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Bruno Giacomelli]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 25<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Mauro Baldi]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''2'''<br /> |-<br /> ! 26<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Chico Serra]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 17<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNPQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Brian Henton]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| ''8''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|West Germany}} [[Jochen Mass]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Sweden}} [[Slim Borgudd]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 16<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Raul Boesel]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 15<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNPQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Colombia}} [[Roberto Guerrero]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffff&quot;| DNS<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Derek Warwick]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNPQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffff&quot;| DNS<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| ''Ret''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 15<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Rupert Keegan]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|UK}} [[Geoff Lees]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Teo Fabi]]<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNPQ<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Riccardo Paletti]]†<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNPQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNPQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNPQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret†<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Ireland}} [[Tommy Byrne (racing driver)|Tommy Byrne]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Netherlands}} [[Jan Lammers]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Spain}} [[Emilio de Villota]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNPQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNPQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNPQ<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> ! —<br /> |align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Brazil}} [[Roberto Moreno]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |- valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Pos<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Driver<br /> ! [[1982 South African Grand Prix|RSA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|South Africa|1928}}<br /> ! [[1982 Brazilian Grand Prix|BRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Brazil}}<br /> ! [[1982 United States Grand Prix West|USW]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|United States}}<br /> ! [[1982 San Marino Grand Prix|SMR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|San Marino}}<br /> ! [[1982 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Belgium}}<br /> ! [[1982 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Monaco}}<br /> ! [[1982 Detroit Grand Prix|DET]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|United States}}<br /> ! [[1982 Canadian Grand Prix|CAN]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Canada}}<br /> ! [[1982 Dutch Grand Prix|NED]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Netherlands}}<br /> ! [[1982 British Grand Prix|GBR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|UK}}<br /> ! [[1982 French Grand Prix|FRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|France}}<br /> ! [[1982 German Grand Prix|GER]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|West Germany}}<br /> ! [[1982 Austrian Grand Prix|AUT]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Austria}}<br /> ! [[1982 Swiss Grand Prix|SUI]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Switzerland}}<br /> ! [[1982 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Italy}}<br /> ! [[1982 Caesars Palace Grand Prix|CPL]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|USA}}<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Points<br /> |}<br /> |<br /> {{F1 driver results legend 2}}<br /> |}<br /> <br /> Championship points were awarded on a 9-6-4-3-2-1 basis to the top six finishers &lt;ref name=Higham&gt;Peter Higham, The Guinness Guide to International Motor Racing, 1995, page 6&lt;/ref&gt; in each race.<br /> <br /> ==1982 Manufacturers Championship final standings==<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 85%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |- valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;|Pos &lt;ref name=FIA/&gt;<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;|Manufacturer &lt;ref name=FIA/&gt;<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Car&lt;br /&gt;no.<br /> ! [[1982 South African Grand Prix|RSA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|South Africa|1928}}<br /> ! [[1982 Brazilian Grand Prix|BRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Brazil}}<br /> ! [[1982 United States Grand Prix West|USW]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|United States}}<br /> ! [[1982 San Marino Grand Prix|SMR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|San Marino}}<br /> ! [[1982 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Belgium}}<br /> ! [[1982 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Monaco}}<br /> ! [[1982 Detroit Grand Prix|DET]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|United States}}<br /> ! [[1982 Canadian Grand Prix|CAN]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Canada}}<br /> ! [[1982 Dutch Grand Prix|NED]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Netherlands}}<br /> ! [[1982 British Grand Prix|GBR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|UK}}<br /> ! [[1982 French Grand Prix|FRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|France}}<br /> ! [[1982 German Grand Prix|GER]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|West Germany}}<br /> ! [[1982 Austrian Grand Prix|AUT]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Austria}}<br /> ! [[1982 Swiss Grand Prix|SUI]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Switzerland}}<br /> ! [[1982 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Italy}}<br /> ! [[1982 Caesars Palace Grand Prix|CPL]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|USA}}<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;|Pts &lt;ref name=FIA/&gt;<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=2| 1<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 27<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#000000&quot; style=&quot;color: white&quot;| DSQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffff&quot;| DNS<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffff&quot;| DNS<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffff&quot;| DNS<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;right&quot;| '''74'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 28<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 18<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| ''1''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffff&quot;| DNS<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| '''''9'''''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffff&quot;| '''DNS'''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=2| 2<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[McLaren]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| ''1''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;right&quot;| '''69'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| ''1''<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#000000&quot; style=&quot;color: white&quot;| DSQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffff&quot;| DNS<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=2| 3<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Renault F1|Renault]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 15<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| ''1''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''''1'''''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| '''''NC'''''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| '''''2'''''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| '''4'''<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;right&quot;| '''62'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 16<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 16<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| ''1''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=2| 4<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[WilliamsF1|Williams]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;right&quot;| '''58'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#000000&quot; style=&quot;color: white&quot;| DSQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=2| 5<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Brabham]] &lt;ref name=FIA/&gt;<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#000000&quot; style=&quot;color: white&quot;| DSQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| ''Ret''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''''Ret'''''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;right&quot;| '''41'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| ''1''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 15<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| ''Ret''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=2| 6<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Team Lotus|Lotus]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| 1<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;right&quot;| '''30'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=2| 7<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Tyrrell Racing|Tyrrell]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffbf&quot;| ''1''<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;right&quot;| '''25'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 16<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| ''8''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=2| 8<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Talbot]] + [[Equipe Ligier|Ligier]] &lt;ref name=FIA/&gt;<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 25<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfdfdf&quot;| 2<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 16<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;right&quot;| '''20'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 26<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=2| 9<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Alfa Romeo in Formula One|Alfa Romeo]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 22<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| '''Ret'''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffdf9f&quot;| 3<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;right&quot;| '''7'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 23<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=2| 10<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Arrows Grand Prix International|Arrows]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 29<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 15<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;right&quot;| '''5'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 30<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=2| 11<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|FRG}} [[ATS (wheels)|ATS]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#000000&quot; style=&quot;color: white&quot;| DSQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;right&quot;| '''4'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 5<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=2| 12<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Osella]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 31<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 4<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffff&quot;| DNS<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;right&quot;| '''3'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 32<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNPQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNPQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNPQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=1| 13<br /> |rowspan=1 align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Fittipaldi Automotive|Fittipaldi]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 20<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 17<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#dfffdf&quot;| 6<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNPQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |rowspan=1 align=&quot;right&quot;| '''1'''<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=3| —<br /> |rowspan=3 align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[March Engineering|March]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 17<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 7<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 11<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 12<br /> |rowspan=3 align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 18<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 15<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 9<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNPQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 13<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 19<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNPQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNPQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNPQ<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=1| —<br /> |rowspan=1 align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Ensign Racing|Ensign]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 14<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 8<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffffff&quot;| DNS<br /> |rowspan=1 align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=2| —<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Toleman]]-[[Hart (racing)|Hart]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 35<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNPQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| ''Ret''<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 15<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 10<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |-<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 36<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| NC<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNPQ<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |-<br /> !rowspan=1| —<br /> |rowspan=1 align=&quot;left&quot;| {{flagicon|Hong Kong|1959}} [[Theodore Racing|Theodore]]-[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]<br /> |align=&quot;center&quot;| 33<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#cfcfff&quot;| 14<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#ffcfcf&quot;| DNQ<br /> |bgcolor=&quot;#efcfff&quot;| Ret<br /> |rowspan=1 align=&quot;right&quot;| '''0'''<br /> |- valign=&quot;top&quot;<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;|Pos<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;|Constructor<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;| Car&lt;br /&gt;no.<br /> ! [[1982 South African Grand Prix|RSA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|South Africa|1928}}<br /> ! [[1982 Brazilian Grand Prix|BRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Brazil}}<br /> ! [[1982 United States Grand Prix West|USW]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|United States}}<br /> ! [[1982 San Marino Grand Prix|SMR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|San Marino}}<br /> ! [[1982 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Belgium}}<br /> ! [[1982 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Monaco}}<br /> ! [[1982 Detroit Grand Prix|DET]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|United States}}<br /> ! [[1982 Canadian Grand Prix|CAN]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Canada}}<br /> ! [[1982 Dutch Grand Prix|NED]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Netherlands}}<br /> ! [[1982 British Grand Prix|GBR]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|UK}}<br /> ! [[1982 French Grand Prix|FRA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|France}}<br /> ! [[1982 German Grand Prix|GER]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|West Germany}}<br /> ! [[1982 Austrian Grand Prix|AUT]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Austria}}<br /> ! [[1982 Swiss Grand Prix|SUI]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Switzerland}}<br /> ! [[1982 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|Italy}}<br /> ! [[1982 Caesars Palace Grand Prix|CPL]]&lt;br /&gt;{{flagicon|USA}}<br /> !valign=&quot;middle&quot;|Pts<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> Championship points were awarded on a 9-6-4-3-2-1 basis to the top six finishers &lt;ref name=Higham/&gt; in each race.<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * [http://counter-x.net/f1/1982/index.html Comprehensive Race-by-Race Review]<br /> * [http://www.4mula1.ro/history/article/article7.html 1982 Formula 1 review]<br /> <br /> ==Notes==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> <br /> ;Books<br /> *{{cite book | last = Bamsey | first = Ian | title = Automobile Sport 82-83 | publisher = Haynes Manuals | location = City | year = 1983 | isbn = 0-946321-01-9 }}<br /> *{{cite book | last = Donaldson | first = Gerald | title = Gilles Villeneuve | publisher = Virgin | location = London | year = 2003 |isbn = 0-7535-0747-1 }}<br /> *{{cite book | last = Lang | first = Mike | title = Grand Prix! | publisher = Foulis | volume = vol.4| location = Sparkford | year = 1992 | isbn = 0-85429-733-2 }}<br /> *{{cite book | last = Nye | first = Doug |authorlink=Doug Nye | title = Autocourse history of the Grand Prix car 1966–85 | publisher = Hazleton publishing | year=1986 | isbn = 0-905138-37-6 }}<br /> *{{cite book | last = Roebuck | first = Nigel | authorlink=Nigel Roebuck |title = Grand Prix Greats | publisher = P. Stephens | location = Cambridge | year = 1986 | isbn = 978-0-85059-792-9 }}<br /> *{{cite book | last = Roebuck | first = Nigel | title = Chasing the Title | publisher = Haynes Publications | location = City | year = 1999 | isbn = 1-85960-604-0 }}<br /> *{{cite book | last = Watkins | first = Sid | title = Life at the Limit: Triumph and Tragedy in Formula One| publisher = Pan Books |location = City | year = 1997 | isbn = 0-330-35139-7 }}<br /> ;Magazines<br /> <br /> *{{cite news |first= Paul |last= Fearnley |authorlink= |author= |title= It's war. Absolutely war. |work= Motor Sport |publisher= Haymarket |pages= 52&amp;ndash;61 |date=May 2007}}<br /> *{{cite news |first= Denis |last= Jenkinson |authorlink=Denis Jenkinson |author= |title= Grote Prijs van Belgie |work= Motor Sport|publisher= Motor Sport Magazine Ltd. |pages= 708&amp;ndash;712 |date=June 1982}}<br /> {{Formula One Championship}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Formula One seasons]]<br /> [[Category:1982 in Formula One| ]]<br /> <br /> [[ar:بطولة العالم لسباقات الفورمولا واحد موسم 1982]]<br /> [[bg:Световен шампионат на Формула 1 (1982)]]<br /> [[ca:Temporada 1982 de Fórmula 1]]<br /> [[cs:Formule 1 v roce 1982]]<br /> [[de:Formel-1-Saison 1982]]<br /> [[el:Παγκόσμιο πρωτάθλημα Φόρμουλα 1 (1982)]]<br /> [[es:Anexo:Temporada 1982 de Fórmula 1]]<br /> [[eu:1982ko 1 Formulako denboraldia]]<br /> [[fa:مسابقات فرمول یک فصل ۱۹۸۲]]<br /> [[fr:Championnat du monde de Formule 1 1982]]<br /> [[gl:Campionato Mundial de Fórmula 1 de 1982]]<br /> [[hr:Formula 1 - sezona 1982.]]<br /> [[id:Formula Satu musim 1982]]<br /> [[it:Campionato mondiale di Formula 1 1982]]<br /> [[hu:1982-es Formula–1 világbajnokság]]<br /> [[mr:१९८२ फॉर्म्युला वन हंगाम]]<br /> [[mzn:فصل ۱۹۸۲ فرمول یک مسابقات]]<br /> [[nl:Formule 1 in 1982]]<br /> [[ja:1982年のF1世界選手権]]<br /> [[no:Formel 1-sesongen 1982]]<br /> [[pl:Formuła 1 Sezon 1982]]<br /> [[pt:Temporada de Fórmula 1 de 1982]]<br /> [[ru:Формула-1 в сезоне 1982]]<br /> [[simple:1982 Formula One season]]<br /> [[sl:Formula 1 sezona 1982]]<br /> [[sr:Формула 1 (1982)]]<br /> [[fi:Formula 1 -kausi 1982]]<br /> [[sv:Formel 1-VM 1982]]</div> Tulumino https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2013_Formula_One_World_Championship&diff=527914597 2013 Formula One World Championship 2012-12-13T21:09:55Z <p>Tulumino: link corr</p> <hr /> <div>{{F1 season | year = 2013}}<br /> {{portal|Formula One}}<br /> <br /> [[File:Sebastian Vettel 2012 Bahrain GP.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Sebastian Vettel]], the defending [[List of Formula One World Drivers' Champions|World Drivers' Champion]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Vettel 3 times&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=Vettel is champion, Button wins thriller|url=http://www.autosport.com/news/report.php/id/104571|work=Autosport|publisher=[[Haymarket Media Group|Haymarket publications]]|date=25 November 2012|accessdate=25 November 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]<br /> The '''2013 Formula One season''' will be the 64th season of the [[Formula One|Formula One World Championship]], a [[motor racing]] championship for Formula One cars which is recognised by the sport's governing body, the [[Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile]] (FIA), as the highest class of competition for [[open-wheel car|open-wheel]] racing cars. Eleven teams and twenty-two drivers will contest the nineteen [[List of Formula One Grands Prix|Grands Prix]] that will make up the calendar for the 2013 season,&lt;ref name=&quot;21 Sept. calendar&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=Singapore GP: 2013 Formula 1 calendar revealed|url=http://www.autosport.com/news/report.php/id/102674|first1=Jonathan|last1=Noble|first2=Dieter|last2=Rencken|work=Autosport.com|publisher=[[Haymarket Media Group|Haymarket Publications]]|date=21 September 2012|accessdate=21 September 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; with the winning driver and team being crowned the [[List of Formula One World Drivers' Champions|World Drivers']] and [[List of Formula One World Constructors' Champions|World Constructors' Champions]]. The season is due to start in Australia on 17 March and end in Brazil on 24 November.<br /> <br /> The 2013 season will be the final year the series uses the current 2.4 litre [[V8 engine]] configuration; a 1.6 litre turbocharged [[V6 engine]] formula is to come into force for 2014.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=FIA rubber-stamps new 1.6-litre V6 engine plans to be introduced in 2014|url=http://www.autosport.com/news/report.php/id/92727|first=Simon|last=Strang|work=[[Autosport]]|publisher=[[Haymarket Group|Haymarket Publications]]|date=29 June 2011|accessdate=26 October 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Sebastian Vettel]] will start the season as the defending World Drivers' Champion, having won the title in the [[2012 Brazilian Grand Prix|final race]] of 2012.&lt;ref name=&quot;Vettel 3 times&quot;/&gt; His team, [[Red Bull Racing]] will be the defending World Constructors' Champions, having secured their third consecutive title at the [[2012 United States Grand Prix]].&lt;ref name=&quot;WCC decided&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=Red Bull win third constructors’ title in a row|url=http://www.f1fanatic.co.uk/2012/11/18/red-bull-clinch-constructors-title-victory-row/|first=Keith|last=Collantine|work-F1 Fanatic|publisher=Keith Collantine|date=18 November 2012|accessdate=18 November 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Signed teams and drivers==<br /> The following teams and drivers are contracted to drive in the 2013 season, subject to ratification of a new [[Concorde Agreement]]. At the [[2012 Malaysian Grand Prix]], [[Bernie Ecclestone]] announced that the &quot;majority&quot; of teams competing in the [[2012 Formula One season|2012 season]] had agreed to compete in 2013, though he gave no indication of which teams – if any – were offering resistance to the new Concorde Agreement.&lt;ref name=&quot;Concorde 1&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title='Majority' of Formula 1 teams commit to new Concorde deal|url=http://www.autosport.com/news/report.php/id/98317|first=Jonathan|last=Noble|work=Autosport.com|publisher=[[Haymarket Group|Haymarket Publications]]|date=24 March 2012|accessdate=24 March 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; At the [[2012 British Grand Prix]], Ecclestone announced that every team had agreed &quot;in principle&quot; to the terms of the new Concorde Agreement,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Ecclestone suggests leading teams should help set future technical rules in new Concorde Agreement|url=http://www.autosport.com/news/report.php/id/100989|first=Jonathan|last=Noble|work=Autosport.com|publisher=[[Haymarket Media Group|Haymarket Publications]]|date=7 July 2012|accessdate=7 July 2012|quote=Ecclestone made it clear that all teams – including Mercedes that had been holding out for improved commercial terms – were now on board with the new Concorde. &quot;Total agreement,&quot; said Ecclestone. &quot;We are just talking to the lawyers – 'why have you used this word, that word'. Typical lawyers but everything's fine. Commercially it's done.&quot;}}&lt;/ref&gt; and the final draft of the Concorde Agreement was presented to the teams ahead of the [[2012 Indian Grand Prix]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Press Release — 2012 Concorde Agreement|url=http://www.fia.com/en-GB/mediacentre/pressreleases/f1releases/2012/Pages/f1-concorde.aspx|work=fia.com|publisher=[[Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile]]|date=22 October 2012|accessdate=23 October 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> On 30 November 2012, the [[Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile|FIA]] published a provisional entry list for the 2013 season.&lt;ref name=&quot;1Dec entry&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=2013 FIA Formula One World Championship Entry List|url=http://www.fia.com/sites/default/files/entry_lists_decisions/files/2013%20FIA%20Formula%20One%20World%20Championship%20Entry%20List%2030.11.2012.pdf|format=[[Portable Document Format|PDF]]|work=FIA.com|publisher=[[Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile]]|date=30 November 2012|accessdate=1 December 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> &lt;!-- ATTENTION! PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE MAKING ANY EDITS TO THIS PAGE<br /> <br /> DO NOT ADD TO THIS SECTION UNLESS YOU HAVE RELIABLE, CREDIBLE SOURCES TO BACK UP YOUR CLAIMS. ANY INFORMATION WITHOUT REFERENCES WILL BE DELETED ON SIGHT. NO MATTER HOW &quot;LIKELY&quot; IT IS THAT A DRIVER WILL BE SIGNED BY A TEAM, EVERYTHING IS TO BE CONSIDERED PURE SPECULATION UNTIL SUCH TIME AS THE TEAM OR A CREDIBLE NEWS SOURCE (ie F1-LIVE, AUTOSPORT, GP UPDATE, etc) REPORTS ON IT, OR ELSE IT WILL BE REQUESTED THAT THIS PAGE BE FULLY PROTECTED--&gt;<br /> <br /> &lt;!-- DO NOT add drivers to this table without a reference. Unreferenced additions will be deleted --&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; border=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 85%;&quot;<br /> ! Team<br /> ! [[List of Formula One constructors|Constructor]]<br /> ! Chassis<br /> ! [[Formula One engines|Engine]]<br /> ! [[Formula One tyres|Tyre]]<br /> ! Race Drivers<br /> ! Test/Reserve Driver(s)<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=2| {{flagicon|MYS}} Caterham F1 Team<br /> !rowspan=2| [[Caterham F1|Caterham]]-[[Renault Sport F1|Renault]]<br /> |rowspan=2| TBA<br /> |rowspan=2| Renault<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;center&quot;| {{Pirelli}}<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Charles Pic]]&lt;ref name=&quot;CP C'ham&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Marussia driver Charles Pic switches to Caterham for 2013|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/formula1/20453799|work=[[BBC Sport]]|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]|date=23 November 2012|accessdate=23 November 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |rowspan=2| {{flagicon|}} TBA <br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|}} TBA<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=2| {{flagicon|ITA}} Scuderia Ferrari<br /> !rowspan=2| [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> |rowspan=2| TBA<br /> |rowspan=2| Ferrari<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;center&quot;| {{Pirelli}}<br /> | {{flagicon|ESP}} [[Fernando Alonso]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Fernando Alonso signs new Ferrari contract|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/formula1/13452839|work=[[BBC Sport]]|publisher=[[BBC Sport]]|date=8 March 2012|accessdate=19 May 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |rowspan=2| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Davide Rigon]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Rigon&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=F1 : Rigon steps up at Ferrari after Force India Formula 1 team sign Bianchi|url=http://www.f1sa.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=32545:f1--rigon-steps-up-at-ferrari-after-force-india-formula-1-team-sign-bianchi&amp;catid=1:f1&amp;Itemid=157|work=F1SA.com|date=28 January 2012|accessdate=1 April 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Felipe Massa]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Massa signs new Ferrari deal for 2013|url=http://en.espnf1.com/ferrari/motorsport/story/92066.html?CMP=chrome|accessdate=16 October 2012|newspaper=ESPN|date=16 October 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=2| {{flagicon|IND}} Sahara Force India F1 Team<br /> !rowspan=2| [[Force India]]-[[Mercedes AMG High Performance Powertrains|Mercedes]]<br /> |rowspan=2| TBA<br /> |rowspan=2| Mercedes<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;center&quot;| {{Pirelli}}<br /> | {{flagicon|}} TBA&lt;ref name=&quot;No DIR&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=Di Resta hopes that a top team will come calling in 2014|url=http://www.yallaf1.com/2012/12/12/di-resta-hopes-top-team-will-come-calling-in-2014/|work=yallaf1.com|date=12 December 2012|accessdate=12 December 2012|quote=Force India driver Paul di Resta has admitted he is hoping to step up to a better Formula One team in 2014. Still yet to be confirmed by Force India for 2013, the Scot is however expected to stay with the Silverstone based squad for his third consecutive season on the grid.}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |rowspan=2| {{flagicon|}} TBA<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|}} TBA<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=2| {{flagicon|GBR}} Lotus F1 Team<br /> !rowspan=2| [[Lotus F1|Lotus]]-[[Renault Sport F1|Renault]]<br /> |rowspan=2| TBA<br /> |rowspan=2| Renault<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;center&quot;| {{Pirelli}}<br /> | {{flagicon|FIN}} [[Kimi Räikkönen]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Kimi Raikkonen re-signs with Lotus for 2013|url=http://www.autosport.com/news/report.php/id/103853|work=Autosport.com|publisher=[[Haymarket Media Group|Haymarket Publications]]|date=29 October 2012|accessdate=29 October 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |rowspan=2| {{flagicon|}} TBA<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|}} TBA<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=2| {{flagicon|RUS}} Marussia F1 Team<br /> !rowspan=2| [[Marussia F1|Marussia]]-[[Cosworth]]<br /> |rowspan=2| TBA<br /> |rowspan=2| Cosworth<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;center&quot;| {{Pirelli}}<br /> | {{flagicon|DEU}} [[Timo Glock]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Timo Glock has re-signed with Virgin on a new three-year deal|url=http://www.autosport.com/news/report.php/id/93317|first=Simon|last=Strang|work=[[Autosport]]|publisher=[[Haymarket Group|Haymarket Publications]]|date=24 July 2011|accessdate=24 July 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |rowspan=2| {{flagicon|}} TBA<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|}} TBA<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=2| {{flagicon|GBR}} Vodafone McLaren Mercedes<br /> !rowspan=2| [[McLaren]]-[[Mercedes AMG High Performance Powertrains|Mercedes]]<br /> |rowspan=2| TBA<br /> |rowspan=2| Mercedes<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;center&quot;| {{Pirelli}}<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Jenson Button]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Button&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url = http://www.autosport.com/news/report.php/id/95051|title=Button secures new multi-year contract at McLaren|first=Pablo|last=Elizalde|work=Autosport.com|publisher=[[Haymarket Group|Haymarket Publications]]|date=5 October 2011|accessdate=5 October 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |rowspan=2| {{flagicon|}} TBA<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|MEX}} [[Sergio Pérez]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Perez McLaren&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.f1fanatic.co.uk/2012/09/28/perez-takes-place-mercedesbound-hamilton-mclaren/|title=Perez takes place of Mercedes-bound Hamilton at McLaren|first=Keith|last=Collantine|work=f1fanatic.co.uk|date=28 September 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=2| {{flagicon|Germany}} Mercedes AMG Petronas F1 Team<br /> !rowspan=2| [[Mercedes-Benz in Formula One|Mercedes]]<br /> |rowspan=2| TBA<br /> |rowspan=2| Mercedes<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;center&quot;| {{Pirelli}}<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Lewis Hamilton]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Hamiltion&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=Lewis Hamilton to join Mercedes in $100m move from McLaren, signing a three-year deal|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/motorsport/formulaone/lewishamilton/9572696/Lewis-Hamilton-to-join-Mercedes-in-100m-move-from-McLaren-signing-a-three-year-deal.html|first=Tom|last=Cary|work=Telegraph.co.uk|publisher=[[The Daily Telegraph (United Kingdom)|The Daily Telegraph]]|date=28 September 2012|accessdate=28 September 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |rowspan=2| {{flagicon|}} TBA<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|DEU}} [[Nico Rosberg]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www3.mercedes-gp.com/en/#/s/news/1148/mercedes-gp-petronas-nico-rosberg-agree-contract-extension|title=Mercedes GP Petronas and Nico Rosberg agree to contract extension|date=10 November 2011|publisher=[[Mercedes GP]]|accessdate=10 November 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=2| {{flagicon|AUT}} Infiniti Red Bull Racing&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=RBR renamed Infiniti Red Bull Racing in new deal|url=http://adamcooperf1.com/2012/11/25/rbr-renamed-infiniti-red-bull-racing-in-new-deal/|date=25 November 2012|accessdate=25 November 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> !rowspan=2| [[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]]-[[Renault Sport F1|Renault]]<br /> |rowspan=2| TBA<br /> |rowspan=2| Renault<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;center&quot;| {{Pirelli}}<br /> | {{flagicon|DEU}} [[Sebastian Vettel]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Horner pleased to end Vettel rumours|url=http://www.autosport.com/news/report.php/id/89914|first=Matt|last=Beer|work=[[Autosport]]|publisher=[[Haymarket Group|Haymarket Publications]]|date=14 March 2011|accessdate=14 March 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |rowspan=2| {{flagicon|}} TBA<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Mark Webber]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Webber will stay with Red Bull Racing for the 2013 Formula 1 season|url=http://www.autosport.com/news/report.php/id/101114|first=Matt|last=Beer|work=Autosport.com|publisher=[[Haymarket Media Group|Haymarket Publications]]|date=10 July 2012|accessdate=10 July 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=2| {{flagicon|CHE}} Sauber F1 Team<br /> !rowspan=2| [[Sauber]]-[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> |rowspan=2| [[Sauber C32|C32]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Sauber's C32 passes 2013 crash tests|url=http://www.autosport.com/news/report.php/id/104800|work=Autosport.com|publisher=[[Haymarket Media Group|Haymarket Publications]]|date=12 December 2012|accessdate=12 December 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |rowspan=2| Ferrari<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;center&quot;| {{Pirelli}}<br /> | {{flagicon|MEX}} [[Esteban Gutiérrez]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Guti and Robin&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=Sauber F1 Team signs Esteban Gutiérrez as its race driver, Robin Frijns becomes test and reserve driver|url=http://www.sauberf1team.com/en/news.cfm?id=491RA6HS-Sauber_F1_Team_signs_Esteban_Gutierrez_as_its_race_driver_Robin_Frijns_becomes_test_and_reserve_driver|publisher=[[Sauber|Sauber F1 Team]]|date=23 November 2012|accessdate=23 November 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |rowspan=2| {{flagicon|NED}} [[Robin Frijns]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Guti and Robin&quot;/&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|DEU}} [[Nico Hülkenberg]]&lt;ref name=&quot;HUL Sauber&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=Sauber F1 Team signs on Nico Hulkenburg for 2013|url=http://www.sauberf1team.com/en/news.cfm?id=W95J4V1W-Sauber_F1_Team_signs_on_brNico_Huelkenberg_for_2013|accessdate=31 October 2012|newspaper=Sauber F1 Team|date=31 October 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=2| {{flagicon|ITA}} Scuderia Toro Rosso<br /> !rowspan=2| [[Scuderia Toro Rosso|Toro Rosso]]-[[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]]<br /> |rowspan=2| TBA<br /> |rowspan=2| Ferrari<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;center&quot;| {{Pirelli}}<br /> | {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Daniel Ricciardo]]&lt;ref name=&quot;STR 2013&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.f1fanatic.co.uk/2012/10/31/ricciardo-vergne-stay-toro-rosso-2013/|title=Toro Rosso resigns Ricciardo and Vergne for 2013|first=Keith|last=Collantine|work=f1fanatic.co.uk|date=31 October 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |rowspan=2| {{flagicon|}} TBA<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Jean-Éric Vergne]]&lt;ref name=&quot;STR 2013&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.f1fanatic.co.uk/2012/10/31/ricciardo-vergne-stay-toro-rosso-2013/|title=Toro Rosso resigns Ricciardo and Vergne for 2013|first=Keith|last=Collantine|work=f1fanatic.co.uk|date=31 October 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |rowspan=2| {{flagicon|GBR}} Williams F1 Team<br /> !rowspan=2| [[Williams F1|Williams]]-[[Renault Sport F1|Renault]]<br /> |rowspan=2| TBA<br /> |rowspan=2| Renault&lt;ref name=&quot;Williams Renault&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=Williams to run Renault engines again from 2012|url=http://www.autosport.com/news/report.php/id/92843|first=Matt|last=Beer|work=[[Autosport]]|publisher=[[Haymarket Group|Haymarket Publications]]|date=4 July 2011|accessdate=4 July 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |rowspan=2 align=&quot;center&quot;| {{Pirelli}}<br /> | {{flagicon|FIN}} [[Valtteri Bottas]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Williams 2013&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.f1fanatic.co.uk/2012/11/28/bottas-williams-race-seat-2013|title=Bottas joins Maldonado at Williams for 2013|first=Keith|last=Collantine|work=F1 Fanatic|publisher=Keith Collantine|accessdate=29 November 2012|date=28 November 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |rowspan=2| {{flagicon|}} TBA<br /> |-<br /> | {{flagicon|VEN}} [[Pastor Maldonado]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Williams 2013&quot;/&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Team changes===<br /> {{multiple image<br /> |align=right<br /> |direction=vertical<br /> |image1=Gutierrez Esteban.JPG<br /> |caption1=<br /> |width1=180<br /> |image2=Bottas Valtteri.JPG<br /> |width2=180<br /> |caption2=[[Esteban Gutiérrez]] (top) and [[Valtteri Bottas]] (bottom)—seen here when they were team-mates in [[Formula Three]]—will make their Formula One debuts with [[Sauber]] and [[Williams F1|Williams]] respectively in 2013.<br /> }}<br /> In November 2012, the owners of [[HRT F1]] announced that they were putting the team up for sale.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=HRT put up for sale by Thesan Capital|url=http://www.f1fanatic.co.uk/2012/11/12/hrt-put-sale-thesan-capital/|first=Keith|last=Collantine|work=F1 Fanatic|publisher=Keith Collantine|date=12 November 2012|accessdate=13 November 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; The team needed to find a buyer by 30 November – the date by which entry fees for the 2013 were due to be paid – or else face closure and a departure from the sport.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.autosport.com/news/report.php/id/104468|title=Pedro de la Rosa admits HRT's future is totally unclear|publisher=[[Haymarket Media Group|Haymarket Publications]]|work=Autosport.com|first1=Jonathan|last2=Noble|las2t=Elizalde|first2=Pablo|date=22 November 2012|accessdate=24 November 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; HRT failed to find a buyer in time, and the team was omitted from the 2013 entry list.&lt;ref name=&quot;HRT out&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=HRT fails to find buyer before 2013 Formula 1 entry deadline|url=http://www.autosport.com/news/report.php/id/104673|publisher=[[Haymarket Media Group|Haymarket Publications]]|work=Autosport.com|date=1 December 2012|accessdate=2 December 2012|first=Edd|last=Straw}}&lt;/ref&gt; They were later reported to be in [[liquidation]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=A supplier to HRT has accused them of presenting &quot;misleading information&quot;|url=http://www1.skysports.com/formula-1/news/12433/8322437/|first=Mike|last=Wise|work=[[Sky Sports F1]]|publisher=[[BSkyB]]|date=10 December 2012|accessdate=11 December 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Driver changes===<br /> In September 2012, seven-time [[List of Formula One World Drivers' Champions|World Champion]] [[Michael Schumacher]] announced that he would be retiring from the sport for a second time. Schumacher's indecision over his future prompted [[Mercedes-Benz in Formula One|Mercedes AMG]] to start searching for a new driver,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Schumacher delay led to Hamilton chase|url=http://www.autosport.com/news/report.php/id/102906|work=Autosport.com|publisher=[[Haymarket Media Group|Haymarket Publications]]|date=28 September 2012|accessdate=1 October 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; and following a protracted period of negotiation,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Hamilton set to move to Mercedes|url=http://www.jamesallenonf1.com/2012/09/hamilton-set-to-move-to-mercedes/|first=James|last=Allen|work=James Allen on F1|publisher=[[James Allen (journalist)|James Allen]]|date=11 September 2012|accessdate=28 September 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Lewis Hamilton's future at McLaren could be decided within days|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/sport/2012/sep/14/lewis-hamilton-mclaren-mercedes|first=Paul|last=Weaver|work=[[The Guardian]]|publisher=[[Guardian Media Group]]|date=14 September 2012|accessdate=28 September 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; {{F1|2008}} World Champion [[Lewis Hamilton]] announced that he would leave [[McLaren]] at the end of the 2012 season, taking Schumacher's place at the [[Brackley]]-based team for the next three years.&lt;ref name=&quot;HAM Merc&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.autosport.com/news/report.php/id/102895|title=Lewis Hamilton replaces Michael Schumacher at Mercedes|publisher=[[Haymarket Media Group|Haymarket Publications]]|work=Autosport.com|last=Elizalde|first=Pablo|date=28 September 2012|accessdate=28 September 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; The move ended his fourteen-year association with McLaren,&lt;ref name=&quot;Wolff&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2007/racing/06/12/hamilton0618/index.html|title='Better Than Sex'|last=Wolff|first=Alexander|work=SI.com|agency=Associated Press|publisher=Time Inc.|date=12 June 2007|accessdate=1 October 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; and Hamilton later described his decision to change teams as being motivated by the desire to find a new challenge for himself, and that the idea of taking a struggling team and building them up to become a successful one held more appeal to him than &quot;cruising around with a great team&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Hamilton wants to emulate Schumacher, turning around a “struggling” team|url=http://www.jamesallenonf1.com/2012/10/hamilton-wants-to-emulate-schumacher-turning-around-a-struggling-team/|first=James|last=Allen|work=James Allen On F1|publisher=[[James Allen (journalist)|James Allen]]|date=4 October 2012|accessdate=10 October 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> With Hamilton leaving McLaren, the team sought out [[Sauber]] driver [[Sergio Pérez]] to replace him. Pérez was previously a member of the [[Ferrari Driver Academy]], and was considered to be the leading candidate to join [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]] should a vacant seat become available,&lt;ref name=&quot;Perez McLaren&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.autosport.com/news/report.php/id/102891|title=Sergio Perez gets Lewis Hamilton's McLaren seat|publisher=[[Haymarket Media Group|Haymarket Publications]]|work=[[Autosport|Autosport.com]]|last=Noble|first=Jonathan|date=28 September 2012|accessdate=28 September 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; but he later admitted that although he had talked with the team, he had never considered racing for them to be a realistic proposition, adding that McLaren was the best place for him to go.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Perez: Ferrari was “never an option”|url=http://www.f1fanatic.co.uk/2012/10/04/perez-ferrari-option/|first=Keith|last=Collantine|work=F1 Fanatic|publisher=Keith Collantine|date=4 September 2012|accessdate=4 September 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Nico Hülkenberg]] will leave [[Force India]] after just one season, despite having originally signed a multi-year deal to race for the team starting in 2012,&lt;ref name=&quot;F1 no interference&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=Force India won't stand in drivers way|url=http://www.autosport.com/news/report.php/id/102392|work=Autosport.com|publisher=[[Haymarket Media Group|Haymarket Publications]]|date=9 September 2012|accessdate=9 September 2012|quote=Bob Fernley, Force India's deputy team principal, says that it would be unwise for his squad to block any good opportunity his drivers got – but it is up to rival outfits to make an offer first. &quot;Our drivers are with us long term so it is not an issue. If there is any movement in drivers it is not something we will initiate. While we don't want to lose Paul or Nico, they are two super young drivers. Equally we will not force a driver to stay because then he will not have his heart in it.&quot;}}&lt;/ref&gt; to fill the vacant seat at Sauber.&lt;ref name=&quot;HUL Sauber&quot;/&gt; Hülkenberg will be joined by [[Esteban Gutiérrez]], who had previously served as Sauber's testing and reserve driver in {{F1|2011}} and {{F1|2012}} whilst campaigning in the [[GP2 Series]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Guti and Robin&quot;/&gt; With Hülkenberg and Gutiérrez joining Sauber, [[Kamui Kobayashi]] was left without a seat after three seasons with the Swiss team.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Kamui Kobayashi loses Sauber seat for 2013|url=http://www.f1fanatic.co.uk/2012/11/23/kamui-kobayashi-loses-sauber-seat-2013/|first=Keith|last=Collantine|work=F1 Fanatic|publisher=Keith Collantine|date=23 November 2012|accessdate=23 November 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; In a bid to secure a seat, Kobayashi accepted donations from fans to raise as much money as possible.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Kobayashi’s 2013 seat fund set to pass £1m|url=http://www.f1fanatic.co.uk/2012/11/30/kobayashi-raises-1m-fans/|first=Keith|last=Collantine|work=F1 Fanatic|publisher=Keith Collantine|date=30 November 2012|accessdate=1 December 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Bruno Senna]] also lost his seat after [[Williams F1|Williams]] promoted test and reserve driver [[Valtteri Bottas]] to a full-time racing seat alongside [[Pastor Maldonado]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Williams 2013&quot;/&gt; Bottas, the [[2011 GP3 Series season|2011]] [[GP3 Series]] champion, made regular appearances for Williams during the [[2012 Formula One season|2012 season]], driving Senna's car during Friday practice sessions at fifteen Grands Prix.<br /> <br /> [[Charles Pic]] will move from [[Marussia F1|Marussia]] to [[Caterham F1|Caterham]].&lt;ref name=&quot;CP C'ham&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> With [[HRT F1|HRT]] removed from the 2013 entry list,&lt;ref name=&quot;HRT out&quot;/&gt; [[Pedro de la Rosa]] and [[Narain Karthikeyan]] were left without seats.&lt;ref name=&quot;1Dec entry&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Calendar==<br /> The following nineteen races are currently contracted to appear on the 2013 race schedule. [[Bernie Ecclestone]], Formula One's commercial rights holder through his [[Formula One Management]] and [[Formula One Administration]] companies, has previously said that he believes twenty races is the maximum that is viable.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://thef1times.com/news/display/02642|title=Walker: Ecclestone offended by Mayor's comments|date=11 February 2011|work=The F1 Times|accessdate=26 October 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; The number of races on the Formula One calendar is dictated by the [[Concorde Agreement]], the arrangement between teams, the FIA and Formula One Management. At the time of Ecclestone's comments regarding the length of the series schedule, the then-current Concorde Agreement was set to expire at the end of the [[2012 Formula One season|2012 season]]. Twenty to twenty-five races would be possible if the teams agreed to it.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.pitpass.com/fes_php/pitpass_news_item.php?fes_art_id=43907|title=Concorde clause paves the way for 25 race F1 calendar|date=6 December 2010|publisher=PitPass.com|accessdate=2011-10-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> At the [[2012 Hungarian Grand Prix]], Ecclestone announced that the 2013 calendar would consist of twenty races, and would be largely similar to the [[2012 Formula One season#Calendar|2012 calendar]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Bernie Hungary 2012&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=F1 will stick to 20 races next season, Bernie Ecclestone confirms|url=http://www.autosport.com/news/report.php/id/101571|first=Jonathan|last=Noble|work=Autosport|publisher=[[Haymarket Media Group|Haymarket Publications]]|date=28 July 2012|accessdate=29 July 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; The provisional calendar was announced at the [[2012 Singapore Grand Prix]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news | url=http://www.pitpass.com/47341-Revealed-the-draft-2013-F1-Calendar|work=Pitpass.com|title=Revealed the 2013 draft calendar|last=Coch|first=Mat|date=21 September 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; which was approved by the [[FIA World Motorsports Council]] on 28 September 2012.&lt;ref name=&quot;21 Sept. calendar&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> The calendar was originally intended to host twenty races, with the inclusion of the [[Grand Prix of America]], a new event to be hosted on the [[Port Imperial Street Circuit|streets of New Jersey]].&lt;ref name=&quot;NJ&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=New Jersey to host Grand Prix of America in 2013|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/formula1/15440153|work=BBC F1|publisher=[[BBC]]|date=25 Oct 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Following its removal from the calendar,&lt;ref name=&quot;NJ delay&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=New Jersey Grand Prix to be postponed until 2014|url=http://www.autosport.com/news/report.php/id/103529|work=Autosport.com|publisher=[[Haymarket Media Group|Haymarket Publications]]|date=19 October 2012|accessdate=19 October 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; the schedule was reduced to nineteen races until the FIA World Motorsports Council announced that a twentieth round would be included at a circuit in Europe, pending the outcome of negotiations between Bernie Ecclestone and event organisers.&lt;ref name=&quot;2013 calendar preview&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title = 2013 FIA Formula One World Championship™ Race Calendar<br /> | url = http://www.formula1.com/races/calendar_preview.html | publisher = Formula1.com | date = 17 November 2012 | accessdate = 17 November 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> &lt;!--ATTENTION! PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE MAKING ANY EDITS TO THIS PAGE<br /> <br /> DO NOT ADD TO THIS SECTION UNLESS YOU HAVE RELIABLE, CREDIBLE SOURCES TO BACK UP YOUR CLAIMS. ANY INFORMATION WITHOUT REFERENCES - AND THAT INCLUDES ANYTHING THAT LINKS TO SPANISH NEWSPAPERS! – WILL BE DELETED ON SIGHT. NO MATTER HOW &quot;LIKELY&quot; IT IS THAT A RACE WILL BE ADDED AND A CONTRACT SIGNED, EVERYTHING IS TO BE CONSIDERED PURE SPECULATION UNTIL SUCH TIME AS THE TEAM OR A CREDIBLE NEWS SOURCE (ie F1-LIVE, AUTOSPORT, GP UPDATE, etc) REPORTS ON IT, OR ELSE IT WILL BE REQUESTED THAT THIS PAGE BE FULLY PROTECTED<br /> <br /> DO NOT add Venues to this table without a Verifiable and reliable reference. Unreferenced or poorly referenced additions will be deleted, without discussion.--&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; border=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 85%&quot;<br /> ! Round<br /> ! Grand Prix<br /> ! [[List of Formula One circuits|Circuit]]<br /> ! Date<br /> |-<br /> ! 1<br /> | [[Australian Grand Prix]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Australia&quot;&gt;{{cite news | title = Aussie GP safe until 2015 | url = http://www.itv-f1.com/news_article.aspx?id=43210 | publisher = [[ITV Sport|ITV-F1]] | date = 4 July 2008 | accessdate = 18 January 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Melbourne Grand Prix Circuit|Albert Park]], [[Melbourne]]<br /> | 17 March<br /> |-<br /> ! 2<br /> | [[Malaysian Grand Prix|Petronas Malaysian Grand Prix]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = Malaysia claims F1 race rights until 2015 | url = http://www.turkishpress.com/news.asp?id=172497 | date = 23 October 2007 | accessdate = 18 January 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | {{flagicon|MYS}} [[Sepang International Circuit]], [[Kuala Lumpur]]<br /> | 24 March<br /> |-<br /> ! 3<br /> | [[Chinese Grand Prix|UBS Chinese Grand Prix]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news | title = Shanghai agrees seven-year Grand Prix extension | url = http://en.espnf1.com/china/motorsport/story/41011.html | publisher = ESPN | date = 16 February 2011 | accessdate = 16 February 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | {{flagicon|CHN}} [[Shanghai International Circuit]], [[Shanghai]]<br /> | 14 April<br /> |-<br /> ! 4<br /> | [[Bahrain Grand Prix|Gulf Air Bahrain Grand Prix]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news | title = Bahrain: GP has contract through 2016 | url =http://www.manipef1.com/news/2008/index.php?id=1447 | publisher = Manipe F1 | date = 26 June 2008 | accessdate = 22 February 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | {{flagicon|BHR}} [[Bahrain International Circuit]], [[Sakhir]]<br /> | 21 April<br /> |-<br /> ! 5<br /> | [[Spanish Grand Prix|Gran Premio de España]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = Barcelona renews Formula 1 contract | url = http://www.gpupdate.net/en/f1-news/151215/barcelona-renews-formula-1-contract/ | date = 12 May 2007 | accessdate = 12 May 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | {{flagicon|ESP}} [[Circuit de Catalunya]], [[Barcelona]]&lt;ref name=&quot;ESP alt. 1&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=F1 rotation for Barcelona and Valencia from 2013 as France faces wait|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/sport/2012/may/12/f1-rotation-barcelona-valencia|work=[[The Guardian]]|publisher=[[Guardian Media Group]]|agency=[[Reuters]]|date=12 May 2012|accessdate=13 May 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | 12 May<br /> |-<br /> ! 6<br /> | [[Monaco Grand Prix|Grand Prix de Monaco]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = Monaco signs ten-year F1 deal | url = http://www.f1fanatic.co.uk/2010/07/28/monaco-signs-ten-year-f1-deal/ | publisher = F1Fanatic | date = 28 July 2007 | accessdate = 28 October 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | {{flagicon|MCO}} [[Circuit de Monaco]], [[Monte Carlo]]<br /> | 26 May<br /> |-<br /> ! 7<br /> | [[Canadian Grand Prix|Grand Prix du Canada]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news | title = Montreal confimed for 2010 | url = http://en.espnf1.com/f1/motorsport/story/3787.html | publisher = ESPN | date = 28 November 2009 | accessdate = 28 November 2009| archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20091223191331/http://en.espnf1.com/f1/motorsport/story/3787.html| archivedate= 23 December 2009 &lt;!--DASHBot--&gt;| deadurl= no}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | {{flagicon|CAN}} [[Circuit Gilles Villeneuve]], [[Montreal]]<br /> | 9 June<br /> |-<br /> ! 8<br /> | [[British Grand Prix]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news | title = Silverstone signs 17-year deal for British Grand Prix | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/motorsport/formula_one/8397777.stm | publisher = [[BBC Sport]] | date = 7 December 2009 | accessdate = 18 January 2010| archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20100119053104/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/motorsport/formula_one/8397777.stm| archivedate= 19 January 2010 &lt;!--DASHBot--&gt;| deadurl= no}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Silverstone Circuit]], [[Silverstone]] <br /> | 30 June<br /> |-<br /> ! 9<br /> | [[German Grand Prix|Großer Preis von Deutschland]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = Hockenheim handed reprieve | url = http://www.planetf1.com/news/3414/5596855/Hockenheim-handed-reprieve | publisher = PlanetF1.com | date = 1 October 2009 | accessdate = 10 March 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | {{flagicon|DEU}} TBA&lt;ref name=&quot;2013 calendar preview&quot;/&gt;<br /> | 7 July&lt;ref name=&quot;Germany forward&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=2013 German GP moved forward to slot in another European race|first=Sam|last=Tremayne|url=http://www.autosport.com/news/report.php/id/104737|work=Autosport.com|publisher=[[Haymarket Media Group|Haymarket Publications]]|date=5 December 2012|accessdate=7 December 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> ! 10{{ref|‡|‡}}<br /> | TBA&lt;ref name=&quot;2013 calendar preview&quot;/&gt;<br /> | {{flagicon|}} TBA&lt;ref name=&quot;2013 calendar preview&quot;/&gt;<br /> | 21 July&lt;ref name=&quot;2013 calendar preview&quot;/&gt;<br /> |-<br /> ! 11<br /> | [[Hungarian Grand Prix|Magyar Nagydíj]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = Hungaroring on F1 calendar until 2016 | url = http://www.f1technical.net/news/10052 | publisher = F1technical.net | date = 3 August 2008 | accessdate = 22 February 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | {{flagicon|HUN}} [[Hungaroring]], [[Budapest]]<br /> | 28 July<br /> |-<br /> ! 12<br /> | [[Belgian Grand Prix|Shell Belgian Grand Prix]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=La Belgique aura un Grand Prix de Formule 1 jusqu'en 2015|trans_title=Belgium will have a Formula 1 Grand Prix until 2015|language=French|url=http://www.rtbf.be/info/economie/detail_la-belgique-aura-un-grand-prix-de-formule-1-jusqu-en-2015?id=7801456|first=Gaëtan|last=Vigneron|work=[[RTBF|Radio Télévision Belge Francophone]]|date=8 July 2012|accessdate=9 July 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | {{flagicon|BEL}} [[Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps]], [[Spa, Belgium|Francorchamps]]<br /> | 25 August<br /> |-<br /> ! 13<br /> | [[Italian Grand Prix|Gran Premio d'Italia]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news | title = Monza to keep Formula 1's Italian Grand Prix | work = [[BBC Sport]] | publisher = [[BBC]] | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/motorsport/formula_one/8575307.stm | date = 18 March 2010 | accessdate = 19 March 2010| archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20100323044752/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/motorsport/formula_one/8575307.stm| archivedate= 23 March 2010 &lt;!--DASHBot--&gt;| deadurl= no}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Autodromo Nazionale Monza]], [[Monza]]<br /> | 8 September<br /> |-<br /> ! 14<br /> | [[Singapore Grand Prix]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Singapore confirms F1 contract extension to 2017|url=http://www.f1fanatic.co.uk/2012/09/22/singapore-confirms-f1-contract-extension-2017/|first=Keith|last=Collantine|work=F1 Fanatic|publisher=Keith Collantine|date=22 September 2012|accessdate=22 September 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | {{flagicon|SGP}} [[Marina Bay Street Circuit]], [[Marina Bay, Singapore|Marina Bay]], [[Singapore]]<br /> | 22 September<br /> |-<br /> ! 15<br /> | [[Korean Grand Prix]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = Korean Grand Prix set for 2010 | url = http://www.manipef1.com/news/articles/3060/ | publisher = Manipe F1 | date = 2 October 2006 | accessdate = 18 January 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | {{flagicon|KOR}} [[Korea International Circuit]], [[Yeongam]]<br /> | 6 October<br /> |-<br /> ! 16<br /> | [[Japanese Grand Prix]]&lt;ref name=&quot;21 Sept. calendar&quot;/&gt;<br /> | {{flagicon|JPN}} [[Suzuka Circuit]], [[Suzuka, Mie|Suzuka]]<br /> | 13 October<br /> |-<br /> ! 17<br /> | [[Indian Grand Prix|Airtel Indian Grand Prix]]&lt;ref name=&quot;IndianGP&quot;&gt;{{cite news | title = Indian Grand Prix debut pushed back to 2011 | url =http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/motorsport/formulaone/3108572/Indian-Grand-Prix-debut-pushed-back-to-2011-Formula-One.html |publisher = [[The Daily Telegraph]] | date = 30 September 2008 | accessdate = 18 January 2010 | location=London}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | {{flagicon|IND}} [[Buddh International Circuit]], [[Greater Noida]]<br /> | 27 October<br /> |-<br /> ! 18<br /> | [[Abu Dhabi Grand Prix|Etihad Airways Abu Dhabi Grand Prix]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news | title = Abu Dhabi to host F1 Grand Prix | work = [[BBC Sport]] | publisher = [[BBC]] | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/motorsport/formula_one/6327387.stm | date = 3 February 2007 | accessdate = 3 February 2007| archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20070205051317/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/motorsport/formula_one/6327387.stm| archivedate= 5 February 2007 &lt;!--DASHBot--&gt;| deadurl= no}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | {{flagicon|UAE}} [[Yas Marina Circuit]], [[Abu Dhabi]]<br /> | 3 November<br /> |-<br /> ! 19<br /> | [[United States Grand Prix]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Formula One returns to the United States |url=http://www.formula1.com/news/headlines/2010/5/10824.html |work=formula1.com |publisher=[[Formula One Group|Formula One Administration]] |date=May 25, 2010 |accessdate=25 May 2010| archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20100526194736/http://www.formula1.com/news/headlines/2010/5/10824.html| archivedate= 26 May 2010 &lt;!--DASHBot--&gt;| deadurl= no}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | {{flagicon|USA}} [[Circuit of the Americas]], [[Austin, Texas|Austin]]<br /> | 17 November<br /> |-<br /> ! 20<br /> | [[Brazilian Grand Prix|Grande Prêmio do Brasil]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news | title = Brazil: Organisers extend contract until 2015 | url = http://www.manipef1.com/news/articles/6446/ | publisher = Manipe F1 | date = 20 March 2008 | accessdate = 20 March 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Autódromo José Carlos Pace]], [[São Paulo]]<br /> | 24 November<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> '''Notes:'''<br /> *{{note|‡|‡}} — The tenth round of the championship remains provisional, provided that [[Formula One Administration]] can find a suitable venue for the race.&lt;ref name=&quot;2013 calendar preview&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Calendar changes===<br /> ====New and returning races====<br /> * The [[Nürburgring]] is scheduled to return to the calendar to host the [[German Grand Prix]], in keeping with the event-sharing agreement first established in {{F1|2008}} with the [[Hockenheimring]] for the two circuits to host the Grand Prix in alternating years. The Nürburgring last hosted a [[List of Formula One Grands Prix|Formula One Grand Prix]] in [[2011 Formula One season|2011]].&lt;ref name=&quot;21 Sept. calendar&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://nurburgringtickets.de/en/formula1/tickets-nuerburgring.asp|title=Tickets for the Formula 1 German Grand Prix|work=Nürburgring Official Ticket Service|publisher=The Ticket Enterprise|accessdate=2011-10-26}}&lt;/ref&gt; However, the Nürburgring fell into financial trouble and, as of 1 December 2012, it is not known which circuit will host the German Grand Prix.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.pitpass.com/47438-No-more-F1-at-the-Nurburgring|title=No more F1 at the Nurburgring?|work=Pitpass.com|date=27 September 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news | url=http://www.pitpass.com/47974-Nurburgring-still-wants-German-GP|title=Nurburgring still wants German GP|work=Pitpass.com|date=19 November 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; The race was later brought forward by two weeks so as to create an opening in the calendar for an additional race in Europe.&lt;ref name=&quot;Germany forward&quot;/&gt;<br /> * The [[Spanish Grand Prix]] will alternate between the [[Circuit de Catalunya]] in [[Barcelona]] and the [[Valencia Street Circuit]] in [[Valencia]] – in a similar event-sharing format to that used by the Nürburgring and Hockenheimring – while the [[European Grand Prix]] will be discontinued.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bernie Hungary 2012&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ESP alt. 1&quot;/&gt; The Circuit de Catalunya will host the Spanish Grand Prix in 2013, beginning the cycle.<br /> * At the December 2012 meeting of the World Motor Sport Council, organisers of the [[United States Grand Prix]] requested a change of date for the [[2013 United States Grand Prix|2013 race]] so as not to clash with a football match due to be hosted by the city of [[Austin, Texas|Austin]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Austin seeks new date for 2013 United States Grand Prix|url=http://www.autosport.com/news/report.php/id/104741|first=Pablo|last=Elizalde|work=autosport.com|publisher=[[Haymarket Media Group|Haymarket Publications]]|date=6 December 2012|accessdate=6 December 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Proposed races====<br /> * In December 2012, [[Red Bull Junior Team]] director [[Helmut Marko]] revealed that parent company [[Red Bull]] were lobbying to resurrect the [[Austrian Grand Prix]] at the [[Red Bull Ring]] in [[Spielberg, Styria|Spielberg]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Österreich-GP 2013 auf dem Red Bull Ring?|url=http://www.speedweek.de/art_30700.html|trans_title=Austria-GP to 2013 the Red Bull Ring?|language=German|first=Gerhard|last=Kuntschik|work=SpeedWeek.de|date=8 December 2012|accessdate=9 December 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; The circuit, previously known as the Österreichring and later as the A1-Ring, last hosted the Austrian Grand Prix in [[2003 Austrian Grand Prix|2003]] before the pit buildings and main grandstand were demolished to make way for a circuit extension that was never completed, rendering the circuit unuseable. The circuit remained dormant until 2008, when it was purchased, rebuilt and renamed by Red Bull, and formally re-opened in 2011. The Red Bull Ring retained its FIA Grade-1 licence, allowing Formula One to race at the circuit.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Red Bull open to idea of hosting F1 grand prix at revamped A1 Ring|url=http://www.autosport.com/news/report.php/id/104767|first1=Gerhard|last1=Kuntschik|first2=Jonathan|last2=Noble|wotk=Autosport.com|publisher=[[Haymarket Media Group|Haymarket Publications]]|date=9 December 2012|accessdate=9 December 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * After being removed from the [[2012 Formula One season#Calendar|2012 calendar]],&lt;ref name=&quot;7Dec11 calendar&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.f1fanatic.co.uk/2011/12/07/united-states-grand-prix-remains-unchanged-2012-f1-calendar/|title=United States Grand Prix remains on unchanged 2012 F1 calendar|first=Keith|last=Collantine|work=F1 Fanatic|publisher=Keith Collantine|date=7 December 2011|accessdate=7 December 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; organisers for the [[Turkish Grand Prix]] announced that they had entered negotiations with [[Bernie Ecclestone]] to be a last-minute replacement for the [[Grand Prix of America]] after the [[Istanbul Park]] circuit underwent a change in ownership.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Turkish Grand Prix Hopes Pinned on Ecclestone Talks|url=http://www.businessweek.com/news/2012-11-28/turkish-grand-prix-hopes-pinned-on-ecclestone-talks|first=Ercan|last=Ersoy|work=[[Business Week]]|publisher=[[Bloomberg]]|date=28 November 2012|accessdate=30 November 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; The bid hinged on the Turkish government agreeing to pay have the circuit's race sanctioning fee,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Turkish GP ‘needs government support’ for return|url=http://www.f1fanatic.co.uk/2012/12/06/turkish-gp-needs-government-support-2013-return/|first=Keith|last=Collantine|work=F1 Fanatic|date=6 December 2012|accessdate=9 December 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; but the [[Ministry of Youth and Sports (Turkey)|Ministry of Youth and Sports]] instead referred the organisers to the private sector to raise the necessary capital.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Minister dismisses Turkey GP funding hopes|url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/2012/12/06/motor-racing-turkey-idUKL4N09G2A020121206|first=Darrenlast=Butler|work=[[Reuters|Reuters UK]]|date=6 December 2012|accessdate=9 December 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Failed race bids====<br /> * The 2013 season was scheduled to see the addition of the [[Grand Prix of America]] to the calendar.&lt;ref name=&quot;NJ&quot;/&gt; The race was to take place on a new, [[Hermann Tilke]]-designed [[Port Imperial Street Circuit|street circuit]] in [[New Jersey]] in June of that year,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = Formula One race heading to N.J. | url = http://www.nj.com/news/index.ssf/2011/10/gov_christie_announces_first-e.html | publisher = nj.com | date = 26 Oktober 2011 | accessdate = 26 October 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; back-to-back with the [[Canadian Grand Prix]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Joe&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=Details from New Jersey|url=http://joesaward.wordpress.com/2011/10/25/details-from-new-jersey/|first=Joe|last=Saward|work=Joe Saward on F1|publisher=Joe Saward|date=25 October 2011|accessdate=2011-10-26}}&lt;/ref&gt; However, shortly after the race was given a date on the provisional calendar, [[Bernie Ecclestone]] admitted that the contract with organisers in New Jersey had been nullified,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Grand Prix of America in serious doubt after organisers' contract is torn up|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/sport/2012/sep/25/grand-prix-america-contract-torn-up|first=Christian|last=Sylt|work=[[The Guardian]]|publisher=[[Guardian Media Group]]|date=25 September 2012|accessdate=26 September 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; and organisers later confirmed that the race had been removed from the 2013 calendar and rescheduled for [[2014 Formula One season|2014]].&lt;ref name=&quot;NJ delay&quot;/&gt;<br /> * In March 2012, Argentine president [[Cristina Fernández de Kirchner]] announced plans for a revival of the [[Argentine Grand Prix]], outlining details of a three-year contract starting in late 2013.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Cristina: &quot;Si Dios quiere, vamos a tener la Fórmula 1 en la Argentina&quot;|language=Spanish|trans_title=Cristina: &quot;God willing, we will have Formula 1 in Argentina&quot;|url=http://www.canchallena.com/1456582-cristina-si-dios-quiere-vamos-a-tener-la-formula-1-en-la-argentina|work=Canchallena|date=14 March 2012|accessdate=15 March 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=F1 could return to Argentina in 2013|url=http://www.buenosairesherald.com/article/95375/formula-one-could-return-to-argentina-in-2013|work=[[Buenos Aires Herald]]|publisher=Orlando Vignatti|date=14 March 2012|accessdate=15 March 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; The proposal would see the event take place on a [[street circuit]] in the city of [[Mar del Plata]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Argentina in F1 talks, says President Fernandez|url=http://thestar.com.my/sports/story.asp?file=/2012/3/15/sports/2012-03-15T011949Z_1_BRE82E01R_RTROPTT_0_UK-MOTOR-RACING-PRIX-ARGENTINA&amp;sec=sports|work=[[The Star (Malaysia)|The Star]]|agency=[[Reuters]]|date=15 March 2012|accessdate=15 March 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=La F1 vuelve al país en 2013 y se correrá en Mar del Plata|language=Spanish|trans_title=F1 returns to the country in 2013 and will run in Mar del Plata|url=http://www.telam.com.ar/nota/18790/|agency=[[Télam]]|date=14 March 2012|accessdate=15 March 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; with a proposed route running around the [[Argentine Navy|Base Naval de Mar del Plata]] and its [[Breakwater (structure)|breakwater]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Mar del Plata ya sueña con su circuito callejero de Fórmula 1|trans_title=Mar del Plata already dreams about its street circuit of Formula 1|language=Spanish|url=http://www.canchallena.com/1456801-mar-del-plata-ya-suena-con-su-circuito-callejero-para-la-f1|work=Canchallena|date=15 March 2012|accessdate=18 March 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; Despite this, the race was not included on the provisional calendar released in September 2012.&lt;ref name=&quot;21 Sept. calendar&quot;/&gt; [[Bernie Ecclestone]] had previously floated the idea of Mar del Plata as a potential host venue for the renewed Argentine Grand Prix in May 2009, with similar results.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=F1 to return to Argentina?|url=http://www.f1fanatic.co.uk/2009/05/22/f1-to-return-to-argentina/|first=Keith|last=Collantine|work=F1 Fanatic|publisher=Keith Collantine|date=22 May 2009|accessdate=15 March 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * In August 2012, French newspaper ''[[L'Equipe]]'' reported that a bid was underway to revive the [[French Grand Prix]] after a [[2008 French Grand Prix|four-year absence]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.lequipe.fr/Formule1/breves2011/20110828_104703_2013-la-bonne-annee.html|title=2013, la bonne année!|publisher=[[L'Equipe]] (in French)|date=28 August 2011|work=The F1 Times|accessdate=27 October 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; with the [[Circuit Paul Ricard]] and the [[Circuit de Nevers Magny-Cours|Circuit de Nevers in Magny-Cours]] put forward as candidate venues.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Bernie Ecclestone says deal for French Grand Prix's Formula 1 return is done|url=http://www.autosport.com/news/report.php/id/99130|work=autosport.com|publisher=[[Haymarket Media Group|Haymarket Publications]]|date=24 April 2012|accessdate=25 April 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Le Grand Prix de France, post Sarkozy|url=http://joesaward.wordpress.com/2012/05/12/le-grand-prix-de-france-post-sarkozy/|first=Joe|last=Saward|work=Joe Saward blogs about the world of F1|publisher=Joe Saward|date=12 May 2012|accessdate=13 May 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; The French Grand Prix was not included on the provisional calendar released in September 2012, but the [[Fédération Française du Sport Automobile]] – the national motorsport body of France – revealed that both circuits were still under consideration for inclusion on the 2013 calendar the week after the provisional calendar was released.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=No state subsidy for French GP|url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/2012/09/25/motor-racing-france-idUKL4E8KP6PO20120925|work=[[Reuters]]|publisher=[[Thompson Reuters]]|date=25 September 2012|accessdate=27 September 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; In December 2012, reports emerged stating that the bid had fallen through as organisers could not agree to a race fee.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=F1 : Demise of a Grand Prix in France inspires Formula 1 boss to resuscitate Turkey|url=http://www.f1sa.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=35723:f1--demise-of-a-grand-prix-in-france-inspires-formula-1-boss-to-resuscitate-turkey&amp;catid=1:f1&amp;Itemid=157|work=F1SA.com|date=1 December 2012|accessdate=1 December 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * In June 2012, the [[London 2012 Olympic Legacy|London Legacy Development Company]] and [[Bernie Ecclestone]] announced that they had been approached with a proposal for a Grand Prix to be held at the [[Olympic Park, London|Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park]] following the [[2012 Summer Olympics|2012 London Olympic Games]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=London 2012 Olympics: plan to hold Formula One race in and around Olympic Stadium on bid shortlist|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/motorsport/formulaone/9348093/London-2012-Olympics-plan-to-hold-Formula-One-race-in-and-around-Olympic-Stadium-on-bid-shortlist.html|first1=Paul|last1=Kelso|first2=Tom|last2=Cary|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|publisher=[[Telegraph Media Group]]|date=22 June 2012|accessdate=22 June 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ecclestone later declared his willingness to personally fund the event,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=London grand prix proposed by Bernie Ecclestone|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/sport/2012/jun/28/london-grand-prix-bernie-ecclestone|first=David|last=Batty|work=[[The Guardian]]|publisher=[[Guardian Media Group]]|date=28 June 2012|accessdate=28 June 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; admitting that he had previously attempted to establish a race in the [[City of Westminster]], but the attempt had failed because of the cost.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=London GP a distant dream despite hype|url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/2012/06/28/motor-racing-london-idUKL3E8HS53M20120628|first=Alan|last=Baldwin|work=[[Reuters|Reuters UK]]|publisher=[[Thomson Reuters]]|date=28 June 2012|accessdate=29 June 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; The bid was formally abandoned in December, when the London Legacy Development Company rejected the proposal for &quot;uncertainty&quot; and &quot;assumptions&quot; in the business plan.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Olympic Park bid rejected|url=http://en.espnf1.com/f1/motorsport/story/97011.html|work=ESPN F1|publisher=[[ESPN]]|date=5 December 2012|accessdate=6 December 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * A second race in Italy, tentatively titled the [[Rome Grand Prix]] and to be held on a [[Rome Street Circuit|street circuit]] around the city's [[EUR, Rome|EUR district]] was added to the calendar in March 2010.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.gpupdate.net/en/f1-news/229526/rome-grand-prix-confirmed-for-2013/ gpupdate.net: &quot;Rome Grand Prix confirmed for 2013&quot;]&lt;/ref&gt; However, a lack of support from local residents and political pressure from [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]] president [[Luca Cordero di Montezemolo|Luca di Montezemolo]] led to the plans being abandoned in January 2011,&lt;ref name=&quot;Luca&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Ferrari chief says Rome GP could only be a one-off | url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/idUKLS60944020090128| publisher=Reuters UK| date=2009-01-28}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://en.espnf1.com/italy/motorsport/story/6528.html espnf1.com: &quot;Rome race threatens Monza future&quot;]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/motorsport/formula_one/9360959.stm &quot;Bernie Ecclestone Stifles Rome Grand Prix Hopes&quot;]&lt;/ref&gt; with the city instead concentrating on its bid for the [[2020 Summer Olympics|2020 Olympic Games]],&lt;ref&gt;[http://uk.reuters.com/article/2011/01/21/uk-motor-racing-rome-idUKTRE70K3JF20110121 Reuters: &quot;Rome abandons F1 grand prix plan, eyes 2020 Games&quot;]&lt;/ref&gt; which was eventually cancelled as well.&lt;ref name=&quot;Rome Olympic bid Scrapped&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last=Simpson|first=Victor|title=Rome's 2020 Olympic bid scrapped by Monti|url=http://sports.sympatico.ca/news/romes_2020_olympic_bid_scrapped_by_monti/ec43469d|accessdate=14 February 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Changes==<br /> ===Rule changes===<br /> ====Sporting regulations====<br /> * At the June 2012 meeting of the [[World Motor Sport Council]], the FIA announced plans to introduce cost-control measures for the 2013 season, which would be policed by the FIA pending the agreement of the teams.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=FIA sets deadline to vote on cost-control measures in Formula 1|url=http://www.autosport.com/news/report.php/id/100385|first=Jonathan|last=Noble|work=Autosport.com|publisher=[[Haymarket Group|Haymarket Publications]]|date=15 June 2012|accessdate=15 June 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; This follows a failed attempt by former FIA President [[Max Mosley]] to introduce a budget cap for the [[2010 Formula One season|2010 season]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.autosport.com/news/report.php/id/75610|title=Teams demand FIA ditch 2010 rules|first=Jonathan|last=Noble|work=autosport.com|publisher=[[Haymarket Media Group|Haymarket Publications]]|date=24 May 2009|accessdate=16 June 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; and the withdrawal of Ferrari, Scuderia Toro Rosso, Sauber and Red Bull from the [[Formula One Teams Association]] in December 2011 over the implementation of the Resource Restriction Agreement,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Ferrari confirms departure from FOTA|url=http://www.f1fanatic.co.uk/2011/12/02/ferrari-confirms-departure-fota/|first=Keith|last=Collantine|work=F1 Fanatic|publisher=Keith Collantine|date=2 December 2011|accessdate=16 June 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Red Bull out of FOTA but still &quot;committed to cost saving&quot;|url=http://adamcooperf1.com/2011/12/02/red-bull-out-of-fota-but-still-committed-to-cost-saving/|first=Adam|last=Cooper|work=Adam Cooper's F1 Blog|publisher=Adam Cooper|date=2 December 2011|accessdate=16 June 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; a voluntary agreement between teams to limit costs in the sport.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Christian Horner insists Red Bull Racing still committed to cost controls despite FOTA exit|url=http://www.autosport.com/news/report.php/id/96709|first1=Edd|last1=Straw|first2=Matt|last2=Beer|work=Autosport.com|publisher=[[Haymarket Group|Haymarket Publications]]|date=10 December 2011|accessdate=16 June 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * Following [[HRT F1|HRT]]'s omission from the provisional entry list,&lt;ref name=&quot;1Dec entry&quot;/&gt; the grid was reduced to twenty-two cars, prompting a change to qualifying procedures. With twenty-two cars on the grid, six cars – instead of seven – will be eliminated during the first period of qualifying, with six more eliminated at the end of the second period. The third qualifying period remains unchanged, with the ten fastest drivers all advancing to the final ten minutes of qualifying.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=2013 Formula One Sporting Regulations|url=http://www.fia.com/sites/default/files/regulation/file/1-2013%20SPORTING%20REGULATIONS%2031-10-2012.pdf|work=FIA.com|publisher=[[Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile]]|accessdate=1 December 2012|format=[[Portable Document Format|PDF]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * The rules governing the use of the [[Drag Reduction System]] (DRS) will be altered. Where drivers were free to use the system at will during free practice and qualifying, from 2013, the use of DRS will be restricted to the designated DRS zone in a bid to improve safety.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Free use of DRS device banned in practice and qualifying for 2013|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/formula1/20351041|first=Andrew|last=Benson|work=BBC F1|publisher=[[BBC]]|date=15 November 2012|accessdate=16 November 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; In response to this, the FIA announced plans to include two DRS zones at every circuit on the 2013 calendar where it was feasible to do so.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=FIA plans two DRS zones at most tracks|url=http://www.autosport.com/news/report/php/id/104486|first=Jonathan|last=Noble|work=Autosport.com|publisher=[[haymarket Media Group|Haymarket Publications]]|date=24 November 2012|accessdate=24 November 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * The FIA will remove the rules of ''&quot;force majeure&quot;'' to clarify scrutineering procedures.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=F1 aims to drop 'force majeure' rule|url=http://www.autosport.com/news/report.php/id/104256|work=Autosport.com|publisher=[[Haymarket Media Group|Haymarket Publications]]|date=15 November 2012|accessdate=18 November 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; Under the rules of ''force majeure'', cars must be able to return to the pits under their own power during qualifying or else risk exclusion from the results. However, if a team can adequately demonstrate that circumstances beyond their control forced them to stop a car on the circuit before it could return to the pits, then the rules of ''force majeure'' dicatate that the team and driver in question are exempt from any exclusion. Under new regulations, ''force majeure'' will no longer be recognised as a valid reason for stopping a car. From 2013, race stewards will measure the amount of fuel remaining in a car that has stopped on the circuit and compare it to the minimum amount set forward in the rules, and calculate any penalty based on the difference between the two.&lt;ref name=&quot;11 Dec. regs&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=FIA publishes new F1 rules for 2013 and 2014|url=http://www.f1fanatic.co.uk/2012/12/11/fia-publishes-updated-f1-rules-2013/|first=Keith|last=Collantine|work=F1 Fanatic|publisher=Keith Collantine|date=11 December 2012|accessdate=12 December 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; These changes were first proposed in the aftermath of the [[2012 Abu Dhabi Grand Prix]], when [[Red Bull Racing]] instructed [[Sebastian Vettel]] to stop on the circuit after qualifying. Although race stewards initially accepted the team's explanation that the order came because of an imminent technical fault that threatened lasting damage to Vettel's engine, it was later discovered that Vettel had insufficient fuel in his car at the time and had been ordered to pull over so as to preserve the mandatory one litre sample required for testing at the end of qualifying. As a result, Vettel was excluded from the results,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Abu Dhabi GP: Sebastian Vettel disqualified from qualifying|url=http://www.autosport.com/news/report.php/id/104001|first=Jonathan|last=Noble|work=Autosport.com|publisher=[[Haymarket Media Group|Haymarket Publications]]|date=3 November 2012|accessdate=18 November 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; and the changes to ''force majeure'' were put forward.<br /> * Following a crackdown on driving standard by race stewards in 2012, the FIA has sought to introduce a &quot;penalty points&quot; system of enforcing driving standards modelled on the [[Point system (driving)|points system]] used for road-going [[Driver's license|drivers' licences]] worldwide. Under the system, driving infringements would be assigned a points value that would be deducted from a driver's [[FIA Super Licence|Super Licence]] when they commit an infraction. When a driver accumulates a pre-determined number of points, they face an automatic ban from racing.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=FIA pushing for penalty points system|url=http://www.autosport.com/news/report.php/id/104268|work=Autosport.com|publisher=[[Haymarket Media Group|Haymarket Publications]]|date=16 November 2012|accessdate=18 November 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * The practice of mid-season testing, which returned to Formula One in 2012 after having been banned in [[2009 Formula One season|2009]],&lt;ref name=&quot;Testing back&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.autosport.com/news/report.php/id/94068|work=[[Autosport]]|publisher=[[Haymarket Media Group|Haymarket Publications]]|date=28 August 2011|accessdate=1 August 2012|first=Jonathan|last=Noble|title=Formula 1 teams pick Mugello for 2012's new mid-season test}}&lt;/ref&gt; will be discontinued in 2013 as part of cost-cutting initiatives.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Formula 1's mid-season test dropped for 2013|url=http://www.autosport.com/news/report.php/id/101674|first=Jonathan|last=Noble|work=Autsport.com|publisher=[[Haymarket Media Group|Haymarket Publications]]|date=31 July 2012|accessdate=1 August 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * The FIA introduced a curfew system in [[2011 Formula One season|2011]] that prohibited team personnel from accessing the circuit in the six hours before the first session of the day, with teams given four &quot;jokers&quot;—exceptions to the rule that allowed them to stay within the circuit boundaries past the curfew hours without penalty so as to complete work on cars—to use throughout the season. The rule will be revised for 2013, with teams limited to two exceptions over the course of the year. The curfew hours were also extended from six hours to eight.&lt;ref name=&quot;11 Dec. regs&quot;/&gt;<br /> * Teams will be faced with an increased entry fee for the season.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=F1 teams hit with dramatic 2013 entry fee hike|url=http://www.autosport.com/news/report.php/id/103934|first=Jonathon|last=Noble|work=Autosport.com|publisher=[[Haymarket Media Group|Haymarket Publications]]|date=2 November 2012|accessdate=2 November 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; Whereas entry fees had previously been fixed at [[Euro|EUR]]€309,000 ([[United States dollar|USD]]$396,637) for all teams, from 2013, entry fees will be based on the World Championship points a team scored during the previous season. Teams will now pay a basic entry fee of USD$500,000 (EUR€389,525), plus USD$5,000 (EUR€3,895) per point scored. The reigning Constructors' champions will pay at a premium rate of USD$6,000 (EUR€4,614) per point scored. With a final tally of 460 points, [[Red Bull Racing]] were presented with an entry fee of USD$3,260,000 (EUR€2,507,091).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Red Bull faces $3.26m entry fee payout for 2013 F1 season|url=http://www.autosport.com/news/report.php/id/104658|first=Jonathan|last=Noble|work=Autosport.com|publisher=[[Haymarket Media Group|Haymarket Publications]]|date=30 November 2012|accessdate=30 November 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ====Technical regulations====<br /> * Changes to the rules in [[2012 Formula One season|2012]] resulted in the development of a &quot;platypus&quot; nose, with teams designing cars with a visible change in height along the nose assembly of the car.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Caterham F1 team unveils 2012 challenger|url=http://www.autosport.com/news/report.php/id/97174|work=Autosport.com|publisher=[[Haymarket Group|Haymarket Publications]]|date=25 January 2012|accessdate=8 February 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; The design attracted criticism, with [[Red Bull Racing]] driver [[Mark Webber]] labelling the cars &quot;ugly&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Formula 1 cars are ugly: Red Bull driver Mark Webber|url=http://www.heraldsun.com.au/sport/grand-prix/formula-1-cars-are-ugly-red-bull-driver-mark-webber/story-fn7q3txe-1226300705592|first=Ben|last=Broad|work=[[Herald Sun]]|publisher=[[News Corporation]]|date=15 March 2012|accessdate=16 March 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; and [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]] team principal [[Stefano Domenicali]] calling them &quot;not that pretty&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Domenicali: &quot;The new car? Different, not particularly pretty and we hope, quick!&quot;|url=http://www.ferrari.com/English/Formula1/News/Headlines/Pages/120111-f1-domenicali-the-new-car-different-not-particularly-pretty-and-we-hope-quick.aspx|work=Ferrari.com|publisher=[[Ferrari]]|date=11 January 2012|accessdate=16 March 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; At the [[2012 Australian Grand Prix]], [[Charlie Whiting]], the [[Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile|FIA]] technical delegate, announced that although the changes to the sporting regulations planned for the 2014 season would effectively remove the &quot;platypus&quot; effect, the sport's governing body is planning to phase the stepped nose out for 2013.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=FIA pushing to rid the sport of stepped noses in 2013|url=http://www.autosport.com/news/report.php/id/98054|first=Jonathan|last=Noble|work=Autosport.com|publisher=[[Haymarket Group|Haymarket Publications]]|date=16 March 2012|accessdate=16 March 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; The FIA later accepted a proposal that would allow teams to cover up the stepped nose with a &quot;modesty plate&quot;, a panel designed to obscure the step without fundamentally altering the aerodynamic profile of the car or offering any aerodynamic gain itself.&lt;ref name=&quot;modesty plate&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=FIA approves plan to hide stepped noses|url=http://www.autosport.com/news/report.php/id/102883/|first=Jonathan|last=Noble|work=autosport.com|publisher=[[Haymarket Media Group|Haymarket Publications]]|date=27 September 2012|accessdate=27 September 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * The FIA will completely overhaul testing procedures for front wings in 2013, introducing a more-comprehensive and strenuous series of tests designed to root out the practice of exploiting flexible bodywork regulations.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Formula 1 teams to face tougher front wing tests in 2013|url=http://www.autosport.com/news/report.php/id/104255|first=Jonathan|last=Noble|work=Autosport.com|publisher=[[Haymarket Media Group|Haymarket Publications]]|date=15 November 2012|accessdate=16 November 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; Front wings in particular will be subjected to revised parameters, with a tolerance of just {{convert|10|mm|in|abbr=on}} permitted when the wing is subjected to a load of {{convert|100|kg|lb|abbr=on}}.&lt;ref name=&quot;11 Dec. regs&quot;/&gt;<br /> * The &quot;double-DRS&quot; system, first developed by [[Mercedes-Benz in Formula One|Mercedes]] for the [[Mercedes F1 W03|W03]] in [[2012 Formula One season|2012]] will be banned in 2013.&lt;ref name=&quot;double DRS ban&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=Formula 1 teams agree to ban double DRS for 2013|url=http://www.autosport.com/news/report.php/id/101669|first=Jonathan|last=Noble|work=Autosport.com|publisher=[[Haymarket Media Group|Haymarket Publications]]|date=31 July 2012|accessdate=31 July 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; The device, which used a series of channels that ran through the car to create a stalling effect over the front wing when the rear wing Drag Reduction System was open, thereby cancelling out the downforce generated under normal conditions, would allow the car to achieve a higher top speed and better stability in fast corners.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Mercedes: F-Duct Front Wing operated by the Rear Wing DRS|url=http://scarbsf1.wordpress.com/2012/03/14/mercedes-f-duct-front-wing-operated-by-the-rear-wing-drs/|first=Craig|last=Scarborough|work=Scarbsf1 - everything technical in F1|publisher=Craig Scarborough|date=14 March 2012|accessdate=1 August 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; The system was the subject of several legal challenges early in the 2012 season,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=FIA asked to re-think its view on the Mercedes DRS-activated F-duct|url=http://www.autosport.com/news/report.php/id/98094|first=Jonathan|last=Noble|work=Autosport.com|publisher=[[Haymarket Media Group|Haymarket Publications]]|date=17 March 2012|accessdate=1 August 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=FIA rejects claims that Mercedes's rear wing is illegal|url=http://www.autosport.com/news/report.php/id/98248|first=Jonathan|last=Noble|work=Autosport.com|publisher=[[Haymarket Media Group|Haymarket Publications]]|date=22 March 2012|accessdate=1 August 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=FIA ban new technical innovation developed by Lotus and Ferrari|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/formula_one/16664827.stm|first=Andrew|last=Benson|work=BBC F1|publisher=BBC|date=21 January 2012|accessdate=1 August 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; and rival team [[Lotus F1|Lotus]] developed a similar system of their own&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Lotus to continue work on double DRS despite 2013 ban|url=http://www.autosport.com/news/report.php/id/101670|first1=Jonathan|last1=Noble|first2=Edd|last2=Straw|work=Autosport.com|publisher=[[Haymarket Group|Haymarket Publications]]|date=31 July 2012|accessdate=1 August 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; before teams agreed to a ban in July 2012.&lt;ref name=&quot;double DRS ban&quot;/&gt; However, while the regulations specifically banned the system developed by Mercedes, they make no provision for the variant developed by Lotus.&lt;ref name=&quot;modesty plate&quot;/&gt;<br /> * The minimum weight of cars will increase to {{convert|642|kg|lb|abbr=on}} so as to account for the weight difference between the 2012 and 2013 specification of tyres.&lt;ref name=&quot;11 Dec. regs&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Other changes===<br /> * The [[Concorde Agreement#Sixth Concorde Agreement (2009)|Sixth Concorde Agreement]] – the contract between the [[Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile]] (FIA),&lt;ref name=&quot;Concorde 2&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=FIA confirms Concorde Agreement talks underway with F1 teams and Bernie Ecclestone|url=http://www.autosport.com/news/report.php/id/98362|first=Jonathan|last=Noble|work=Autosport.com|publisher=[[Haymarket Group|Haymarket Publications]]|date=25 March 2012|accessdate=25 March 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; the [[List of Formula One constructors#2012 Constructors' statistics|Formula One teams]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Concorde 1&quot;/&gt; and the [[Formula One Group|Formula One Administration]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Concorde 1&quot;/&gt; which dictates the terms by which the teams compete in races and take their share of the television revenues and prize money – which was first ratified by teams in [[2009 Formula One season|2009]] expires at the end of [[2012 Formula One season|2012]], necessitating the creation of the Seventh Concorde Agreement.&lt;ref name=&quot;Concorde 1&quot;/&gt; As part of the renewed Agreement, the commercial rights to the sport were to be [[public float|floated]] on the [[Singapore Exchange|Singapore Stock Exchange]];&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Formula 1's stock market flotation set to go ahead in Singapore|url=http://www.autosport.com/news/report.php/id/99376|first1=Matt|last1=Beer|first2=Gerhard|last2=Kuntschik|work=Autosport.com|publisher=[[Haymarket Media Group|Haymarket Publications]]|date=5 May 2012|accessdate=5 May 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; however, in June 2012 the planned floatation was delayed, with weak markets, uncertainty within Europe over the continent's economic future, and [[Facebook]]'s disappointing [[initial public offering|IPO]] cited as reasons for the delay.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Formula One joins other firms in hitting IPO brakes|url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/2012/06/01/uk-formulaone-ipo-delay-idUKBRE85001820120601|first1=Alan|last1=Baldwin|first2=Saeed|last2=Azhar|work=[[Reuters|Reuters UK]]|publisher=[[Thomson Reuters]]|date=1 June 2012|accessdate=1 June 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * The sport's decision-making process will be restructured.&lt;ref name=&quot;better future&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=New Concorde deal better for F1's long-term future – Jean Todt|url=http://www.autosport.com/news/report.php/id/104072|first=Jonathan|last=Noble|work=Autosport.com|publisher=[[Haymarket Media Group|Haymarket Publications]]|date=6 November 2012|accessdate=7 November 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; Prior to 2013, any decision to change the sporting or technical regulations required the agreement of at least 70% (or nine votes) of the teams in order for those changes to be accepted. From 2013 onwards, those changes will only need a 51% majority (six teams) in order to be approved. The Technical and Sporting Working Groups, the committees responsible for deciding upon the technical and sporting regulations, will also be disbanded in favour of a &quot;Strategy Working Group&quot; that will oversee both technical and sporting regulations and will be made up of representatives from each of the teams that scored points in the previous season's championship, the [[Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile|FIA]], [[Formula One Management]], one engine supplier and six event promoters. FIA President [[Jean Todt]] described the changes as necessary and designed to give each of the stakeholders in the sport a proportionate representation in deciding the future of Formula One.&lt;ref name=&quot;better future&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Reflist|3}}<br /> <br /> {{Formula One Championship}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Formula One seasons]]<br /> [[Category:2013 in Formula One| ]]<br /> [[Category:Scheduled sports events|Formula One season 2013]]<br /> <br /> [[ar:بطولة العالم لسباقات الفورمولا واحد موسم 2013]]<br /> [[cs:Formule 1 v roce 2013]]<br /> [[de:Formel-1-Saison 2013]]<br /> [[el:Παγκόσμιο πρωτάθλημα Φόρμουλα 1 (2013)]]<br /> [[es:Temporada 2013 de Fórmula 1]]<br /> [[fr:Championnat du monde de Formule 1 2013]]<br /> [[gl:Campionato Mundial de Fórmula 1 de 2013]]<br /> [[hr:Formula 1 - sezona 2013.]]<br /> [[id:Formula Satu musim 2013]]<br /> [[lv:2013. gada F1 sezona]]<br /> [[lt:2013 m. Formulės 1 sezonas]]<br /> [[hu:2013-as Formula–1 világbajnokság]]<br /> [[ms:Formula Satu musim 2013]]<br /> [[nl:Formule 1 in 2013]]<br /> [[ja:2013年のF1世界選手権]]<br /> [[no:Formel 1-sesongen 2013]]<br /> [[pl:Formuła 1 Sezon 2013]]<br /> [[pt:Temporada de Fórmula 1 de 2013]]<br /> [[ro:Sezonul de Formula 1 din 2013]]<br /> [[ru:Формула-1 в сезоне 2013]]<br /> [[sk:Formula 1 v roku 2013]]<br /> [[sl:Formula 1 sezona 2013]]<br /> [[fi:Formula 1 -kausi 2013]]<br /> [[sv:Formel 1-VM 2013]]<br /> [[zh:2013年世界一级方程式锦标赛]]</div> Tulumino https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kneazle&diff=527245871 Kneazle 2012-12-09T22:16:28Z <p>Tulumino: section renamed</p> <hr /> <div>#REDIRECT [[Magical creatures in Harry Potter#List of magical creatures]]</div> Tulumino https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Scotland&diff=511266842 Scotland 2012-09-07T19:26:01Z <p>Tulumino: /* Demography */ 2010 city figures - source see GRO link (2011 figures were inconsistent)</p> <hr /> <div>{{For}}<br /> <br /> {{Infobox country<br /> |conventional_long_name = Scotland{{spaces|2}}{{resize|75%|([[Scottish English|English]]/[[Scots language|Scots]])}}&lt;br&gt;''Alba''{{spaces|2}}{{resize|75%|([[Scottish Gaelic]])}}<br /> |common_name = Scotland<br /> |image_flag = Flag of Scotland.svg<br /> |flag_width = 127px<br /> |image_coat = Lionrampant.svg{{!}}border<br /> |symbol_width = 125px<br /> |symbol_type = Royal Standard<br /> |national_motto = &lt;small&gt;''[[In My Defens God Me Defend]]'' ([[Scots language|Scots]])&lt;br /&gt;(often shown abbreviated as '''''In Defens''''')&lt;/SMALL&gt;<br /> |national_anthem = None (''[[de jure]]'')&lt;br /&gt;Various ''de facto'' – see [[National anthem of Scotland]] and note &lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> |image_map = Scotland in the UK and Europe.svg<br /> |map_caption = {{map caption|location_color=dark green|subregion=the United Kingdom|subregion_color=green|region=the European continent|region_color=green and dark grey}}<br /> |capital = [[Edinburgh]]<br /> |latd=55| latm=57 |latNS=N |longd=3 |longm=10<br /> |largest_city = [[Glasgow]]<br /> |latd=55| latm=57 |latNS=N |longd=3 |longm=12 |longEW=W<br /> |official_languages = [[Scottish English|English]]<br /> |regional_languages = [[Scottish Gaelic]], [[Scots language|Scots]]&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> |ethnic_groups = 89% Scottish, 7% English, Irish, [[Welsh people|Welsh]], 4% other&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.gro-scotland.gov.uk/statistics/library/mid-2005-population-estimates/ |archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20080215164521/http://www.gro-scotland.gov.uk/statistics/library/mid-2005-population-estimates/ |archivedate= 15 February 2008 |title= Registrar-General's Mid-2005 Population Estimates for Scotland |publisher = Gro-Scotland | location = UK |date = 16 February 2010 | accessdate =30 April 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |ethnic_groups_year =<br /> |demonym = [[Scottish people|Scottish or Scots]]&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> |government_type = [[Scottish devolution|Devolved government]] within a [[constitutional monarchy]]&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> |leader_title1 = [[Monarchy of the United Kingdom|Monarch]]<br /> |leader_name1 = [[Elizabeth II]]&lt;!--The name of the current monarch is always &quot;Elizabeth II&quot; a consensus on this has been reached NUMEROUS times on the discussion page; please bring up any disagreements there. DO NOT EDITWAR--&gt;<br /> |leader_title2 = [[First Minister of Scotland|First Minister]]<br /> |leader_name2 = [[Alex Salmond]] [[Members of the 4th Scottish Parliament|MSP]]<br /> |legislature = [[Scottish Parliament]]<br /> |legislature2 = [[Parliament of the United Kingdom]]<br /> |leader_title4 = [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom]]<br /> |leader_name4 = [[David Cameron]], [[List of MPs elected in the United Kingdom general election, 2010|MP]]<br /> |sovereignty_type = Establishment<br /> |sovereignty_note = [[Scotland in the Early Middle Ages|Early Middle Ages]]; exact date of establishment [[Origins of the Kingdom of Alba|unclear or disputed]]; [[national myth|traditional]] 843, by [[King Kenneth MacAlpin]]&lt;ref name=Lynch_359 /&gt;<br /> |area_rank =<br /> |area_magnitude = 1 E10<br /> |area_km2 = 78,387<br /> |area_sq_mi = 30,414<br /> |percent_water = 1.9<br /> |population_estimate = 5,254,800&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-18278974|title=Scottish population reaches record high|publisher=BBC|date= 31 May 2012|accessdate=31 May 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |population_estimate_rank =<br /> |population_estimate_year = mid-2011<br /> |population_census = 5,062,011<br /> |population_census_year = 2001<br /> |population_density_km2 = 65.9<br /> |population_density_sq_mi = 170.8<br /> |population_density_rank =<br /> |GDP_PPP = <br /> |GDP_PPP_rank =<br /> |GDP_PPP_year = <br /> |GDP_PPP_per_capita = <br /> |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank =<br /> |GDP_nominal = [[Pound sterling|GBP]] 139.774 billion&lt;ref name=SNAP_GDP&gt;{{Cite document |title=Scottish National Accounts Project. Gross Domestic Product in Current Prices for Scotland, 2010 Q4 |publisher=Scottish Government |place=Edinburgh |date=11 August 2010 |url=http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/Statistics/Browse/Economy/SNAP/expstats/SNAPtables2010Q4updated |accessdate=2 July 2011 }}{{dead link|date=July 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |GDP_nominal_rank = <br /> |GDP_nominal_year = 2010<br /> |GDP_nominal_per_capita = 26,766<br /> |GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank =<br /> |HDI =<br /> |HDI_rank =<br /> |HDI_year =<br /> |HDI_category =<br /> |currency = [[Pound sterling]]<br /> |currency_code = GBP<br /> |time_zone = GMT<br /> |utc_offset = 0<br /> |time_zone_DST = BST<br /> |DST_note =<br /> |utc_offset_DST = +1<br /> |date_format =dd/mm/yyyy ([[Anno Domini|AD]] or [[Common Era|CE]])<br /> |drives_on =left<br /> |cctld = [[.uk]]&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> |calling_code = 44<br /> |patron_saint = [[Saint Andrew|St Andrew]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.scotland.org/about/history-tradition-and-roots/features/culture/st-andrews.html|title =''St Andrew—Quick Facts''|work=Scotland.org—The Official Online Gateway|accessdate=2 December 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web<br /> | work = Catholic Online<br /> | title = St Andrew<br /> | url = http://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=109<br /> | accessdate =15 November 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;br /&gt; [[Saint Margaret of Scotland|St Margaret]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web<br /> | work = Catholic Online<br /> | title = St Margaret of Scotland<br /> | url = http://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=304<br /> | accessdate =15 November 2011}}&lt;br /&gt;{{cite web<br /> | work = Catholic Online<br /> | title = Patron saints<br /> | url = http://www.catholic.org/saints/patron.php?letter=S<br /> | accessdate =15 November 2011}}<br /> &lt;/ref&gt; &lt;br /&gt; [[Saint Columba|St Columba]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web<br /> | work = Catholic Online<br /> | title = St Columba<br /> | url = http://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=419<br /> | accessdate =15 November 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |footnote1 = ''[[Flower of Scotland]]'', ''[[Scotland the Brave]]'' and ''[[Scots Wha Hae]]'' have been used in lieu of an official anthem.<br /> |footnote2 = English is the official language of the United Kingdom.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.direct.gov.uk/en/Governmentcitizensandrights/LivingintheUK/DG_10012519 | title=Directgov: English language – Government, citizens and rights | work=[[Directgov]] | accessdate=23 August 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Both Scots and Scottish Gaelic are officially recognised as [[autochthonous language]]s under the [[European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages]];&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/ArtsCultureSport/gaelic/gaelic-english/17910/europeancharter | title=European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages | work=[[Scottish Government]] | accessdate=23 October 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; the [[Bòrd na Gàidhlig]] is tasked, under the [[Gaelic Language (Scotland) Act 2005]], with securing Gaelic as an [[official language]] of Scotland, commanding &quot;equal respect&quot; with English.&lt;ref&gt;Macleod, Angus [http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article384045.ece &quot;Gaelic given official status&quot;] (22 April 2005) ''[[The Times]]''. London. Retrieved 2 August 2007.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |footnote3 = Historically, the use of &quot;[[Scotch (adjective)|Scotch]]&quot; as an adjective comparable to &quot;Scottish&quot; or &quot;Scots&quot; was commonplace, particularly outwith Scotland. However, the modern use of the term describes only ''products'' of Scotland, usually food or drink related.<br /> |footnote4 = Scotland's head of state is the monarch of the United Kingdom, currently Queen Elizabeth II (since 1952). Scotland has limited self-government within the United Kingdom as well as representation in the UK Parliament. It is also [[Scotland (European Parliament constituency)|a UK electoral region]] for the [[European Parliament]]. Certain executive and legislative powers have been devolved to, respectively, the Scottish Government and the Scottish Parliament at Holyrood in Edinburgh.<br /> |footnote5 = Also [[.eu]], as part of the [[European Union]]. [[ISO 3166-1]] is [[Great Britain|GB]], but [[.gb]] is unused.<br /> }}<br /> &lt;!--<br /> Please DO NOT change &quot;part of the United Kingdom&quot; to &quot;constituent country&quot; or similar without getting consensus on the talkpage first, as the wording has been decided on multiple occasions.<br /> --&gt;'''Scotland''' ({{lang-gd|[[Alba]]}} ({{IPA-gd|ˈalˠ̪apə||}} {{Audio|Alba-gd.ogg|listen}}) is a [[country]] that is [[Countries of the United Kingdom|part of]] the [[United Kingdom]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Stats 1&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/guide-method/geography/beginner-s-guide/administrative/the-countries-of-the-uk/index.html|title=The Countries of the UK|publisher=[[Office for National Statistics]] |accessdate=24 June 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Country&quot;&gt;{{cite web<br /> |url=http://www.number10.gov.uk/Page823|title=Countries within a country<br /> |accessdate=24 August 2008<br /> |work=10 Downing Street<br /> |quote=The United Kingdom is made up of four countries: England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland}}{{dead link|date=November 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web<br /> |url=http://www.iso.org/iso/newsletter_i-9.pdf<br /> |format=PDF|title=ISO 3166-2 Newsletter Date: 2007-11-28 No I-9. &quot;Changes in the list of subdivision names and code elements&quot; (Page 11)<br /> |accessdate=31 May 2008<br /> |work=[[International Organization for Standardization]] codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions – Part 2: Country subdivision codes|quote=SCT Scotland ''country''}}&lt;/ref&gt; Occupying the northern third of the island of [[Great Britain]], it shares a [[Anglo-Scottish border|border]] with [[England]] to the south and is bounded by the [[North Sea]] to the east, the [[Atlantic Ocean]] to the north and west, and the [[North Channel (British Isles)|North Channel]] and [[Irish Sea]] to the southwest. In addition to the mainland, Scotland constitutes over [[List of islands of Scotland|790 islands]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Scottish Executive&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title = Scottish Executive Resources| work = Scotland in Short| url = http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Resource/Doc/923/0010669.pdf |format=PDF| date= 17 February 2007|publisher=Scottish Executive| accessdate =14 September 2006 }}{{dead link|date=July 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; including the [[Northern Isles]] and the [[Hebrides]].<br /> <br /> [[Edinburgh]], the country's capital and second largest city, is one of Europe's largest financial centres.&lt;ref name=globalfinancialcentresindex&gt;{{cite web | title = Global Financial Centres Index| url = http://issuu.com/pillarofhercules/docs/gfci/11?mode=a_p | date= September 2008|publisher=City of London| accessdate =30 June 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; Edinburgh was the hub of the [[Scottish Enlightenment]] of the 18th century, which transformed Scotland into one of the commercial, intellectual and industrial powerhouses of Europe. [[Glasgow]], Scotland's largest city,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=A quick guide to glasgow|url=http://glasgowcitycentre.co.uk/places-to-go/shops/a-quick-guide-to-glasgow/|publisher=Glasgow City Centre|accessdate=20 June 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; was once one of the world's leading industrial cities and now lies at the centre of the [[Greater Glasgow]] conurbation. [[Scottish waters]] consist of a large sector&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title=The Scottish Adjacent Waters Boundaries Order |year=1999 |publisher=The Stationery Office Limited |url=http://www.opsi.gov.uk/si/si1999/19991126.htm |location=London |isbn=0-11-059052-X| accessdate=20 September 2007 }}&lt;/ref&gt; of the North Atlantic and the North Sea, containing the largest [[oil reserves]] in the [[European Union]]. This has given [[Aberdeen]], the third largest city in Scotland, the title of Europe's oil capital.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.aberdeencity.gov.uk/equalitydiversity/eqd_ourcity.asp Aberdeen City Council website]{{dead link|date=November 2010}} ''&quot;Aberdeen's buoyant modern economy – is fuelled by the oil industry, earning the city its epithet as 'Oil Capital of Europe'.&quot;'.' Retrieved 1 December 2009.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The [[Kingdom of Scotland]] emerged as an independent sovereign state in the [[Early Middle Ages]] and continued to exist until 1707, although it had been in a [[personal union]] with the kingdoms of [[Kingdom of England|England]] and [[Kingdom of Ireland|Ireland]] since [[James VI and I|James VI of Scotland]] succeeded to the English and Irish thrones in 1603. On 1 May 1707, Scotland entered into an incorporating [[political union]] with England to create the united [[Kingdom of Great Britain]].&lt;ref name=Keay/&gt;&lt;ref name=Mackie/&gt; This union resulted from the [[Treaty of Union]] agreed in 1706 and enacted by the twin [[Acts of Union 1707|Acts of Union]] passed by the Parliaments of both countries, despite anti-union riots in Edinburgh, Glasgow and elsewhere.&lt;ref name=&quot;1707 protests&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Devine|first=T.M|year=1999|title=The Scottish Nation 1700–2000|publisher=Penguin Books|page=9|isbn=0-14-023004-1|quote=From that point on anti-union demonstrations were common in the capital. In November rioting spread to the south west, that stronghold of strict Calvinism and covenanting tradition. The Glasgow mob rose against union sympathisers in disturbances that lasted intermittently for over a month}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Act of Union 1707 Mob unrest and disorder|year=2007 |publisher=The House of Lords|url=http://www.parliament.uk/actofunion/06_03_mob.html |location=London |accessdate=23 December 2007 |archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20080101193416/http://www.parliament.uk/actofunion/06_03_mob.html |archivedate = 1 January 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> Scotland's [[legal systems of the world|legal system]] continues to be separate from those of [[English law|England and Wales]] and [[Northern Ireland law|Northern Ireland]], and Scotland constitutes a distinct [[jurisdiction]] in [[public international law|public]] and in [[private international law|private]] law.&lt;ref&gt;Collier, J.G. (2001) [http://assets.cambridge.org/052178/2600/sample/0521782600ws.pdf ''Conflict of Laws (Third edition)''](pdf) [[Cambridge University Press]]. &quot;For the purposes of the English [[conflict of laws]], every country in the world which is not part of [[England and Wales]] is a foreign country and its foreign laws. This means that not only totally foreign independent countries such as France or [[Russia]]... are foreign countries but also [[British Colonies]] such as the [[Falkland Islands]]. Moreover, the other parts of the United Kingdom{{spaced ndash}}Scotland and Northern Ireland{{spaced ndash}}are foreign countries for present purposes, as are the other [[British Islands]], the [[Isle of Man]], [[Jersey]] and [[Guernsey]].&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; The continued existence of [[Scots law|legal]], [[Scottish education system|educational]] and [[Religion in Scotland|religious]] institutions distinct from those in the remainder of the UK have all contributed to the continuation of [[Scottish culture]] and [[Scottish national identity|national identity]] since the Union.&lt;ref name=&quot;administrative control&quot;&gt;Devine, T.M. (1999), ''The Scottish Nation 1700–2000'', P.288–289, ISBN 0-14-023004-1 ''&quot;created a new and powerful ''local state'' run by the Scottish bourgeoisie and reflecting their political and religious values. It was this local state, rather than a distant and usually indifferent Westminster authority, that in effect routinely governed Scotland&quot;''&lt;/ref&gt; In 1999, a [[devolution|devolved]] legislature, the [[Scottish Parliament]], was founded with authority over many areas of home affairs following a [[Scottish devolution referendum, 1997|successful referendum]] in 1997. In 2011, the [[Scottish National Party|Scottish National Party (SNP)]] won an [[Scottish Parliament general election, 2011|overall majority]] in parliament and intends to hold a [[Scottish Independence Referendum|referendum on independence]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Gardham|first=Magnus|title=Holyrood election 2011: Alex Salmond: Referendum on Scottish independence by 2015|url=http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/news/politics-news/2011/05/02/alex-salmond-referendum-on-scottish-independence-by-2015-86908-23102061/|accessdate=14 October 2011|newspaper=The Daily Record|date=2 May 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; in the autumn of 2014.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.google.com/hostednews/ukpress/article/ALeqM5g7KvPuYkrMz5ngUWl6mvPiQl9aXA?docId=N0892841326190508169A ]{{dead link|date=February 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Etymology==<br /> {{Main|Etymology of Scotland}}<br /> Scotland is derived from the Latin ''[[Scoti]]'', the term applied to Gaels, people from what is now Scotland and Ireland, and the [[Dál Riata]] who are thought to have originated from Ireland and migrated to western Scotland. Accordingly, the [[Late Latin]] word ''[[Scotia]]'' (&quot;land of the Gaels&quot;) was initially used to refer to Ireland.&lt;ref&gt;[http://books.google.com/books?id=2RlF7sq48n4C&amp;pg=PA16&amp;dq=the+latin+word+scoti+originally+referred+to+ireland&amp;cd=9#v=onepage&amp;q=&amp;f=false The History Of Ireland] Stephen Gwynn&lt;/ref&gt; By the 11th century at the latest, ''Scotia'' was being used to refer to (Gaelic-speaking) Scotland north of the [[river Forth]], alongside ''Albania'' or ''Albany'', both derived from the Gaelic ''[[Alba]]''.&lt;ref name=&quot;Brewer&quot;&gt;{{cite book | last = Ayto | first = John | coauthors = Ian Crofton | title = Brewer's Britain &amp; Ireland: The History, Culture, Folklore and Etymology of 7500 Places in These Islands | publisher=WN | url = | isbn = 0-304-35385-X }}&lt;/ref&gt; The use of the words ''Scots'' and ''Scotland'' to encompass all of what is now Scotland became common in the [[Scotland in the Late Middle Ages|Late Middle Ages]].&lt;ref name=Keay/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> {{Main|History of Scotland}}<br /> <br /> ===Early history===<br /> {{Main|Prehistoric Scotland}}<br /> Repeated glaciations, which covered the entire land mass of modern Scotland, destroyed any traces of human habitation that may have existed before the Mesolithic period. It is believed that the first post-glacial groups of [[hunter-gatherer]]s arrived in Scotland around 12,800 years ago, as the [[ice sheet]] retreated after the [[Last glacial period|last glaciation]].&lt;ref&gt;The earliest known evidence is a [[flint]] arrowhead from [[Islay]]. See Moffat, Alistair (2005) ''Before Scotland: The Story of Scotland Before History''. London. Thames &amp; Hudson. Page 42.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Sites at [[Cramond]] dated to 8500 BC and near [[Kinloch Castle|Kinloch]], [[Rùm]] from 7700 BC provide the earliest known evidence of human &lt;u&gt;occupation&lt;/u&gt; in Scotland. See [http://www.megalithic.co.uk/article.php?sid=2146410357 &quot;The Megalithic Portal and Megalith Map: Rubbish dump reveals time-capsule of Scotland's earliest settlements&quot;] megalithic.co.uk. Retrieved 10 February 2008 and Edwards, Kevin J. and Whittington, Graeme &quot;Vegetation Change&quot; in Edwards, Kevin J. &amp; Ralston, Ian B.M. (Eds) (2003) ''Scotland After the Ice Age: Environment, Archaeology and History, 8000 BC–AD 1000''. Edinburgh. [[Edinburgh University Press]]. Page 70.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [[File:Orkney Skara Brae.jpg|thumb|left|[[Skara Brae]], a [[Neolithic]] settlement, located in the [[Bay of Skaill]], [[Orkney]].]]<br /> Groups of settlers began building the first known permanent houses on Scottish soil around 9500 years ago, and the first villages around 6000 years ago. The well-preserved village of [[Skara Brae]] on the [[Mainland, Orkney|Mainland]] of [[Orkney]] dates from this period. [[Neolithic]] habitation, burial and ritual sites are particularly common and well-preserved in the [[Northern Isles]] and [[Western Isles]], where a lack of trees led to most structures being built of local stone.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=Pryor|first=Francis|title=Britain BC| publisher=HarperPerennial|location=London|year=2003|isbn=978-0-00-712693-4|pages=98–104 &amp; 246–250}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The discovery in Scotland of a 4000 year old tomb with burial treasures at [[Forteviot]], near [[Perth, Scotland|Perth]], the capital of a Pictish Kingdom in the 8th and 9th centuries AD, is unrivalled anywhere in Britain. It contains the remains of an [[Prehistoric Scotland|early Bronze Age]] ruler laid out on white [[quartz]] pebbles and birch bark. It was also discovered for the first time that early Bronze Age people placed flowers in their graves.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/ancient-royal-tomb-found-in-scotland-1771875.html|title=Ancient royal tomb found in Scotland|work=The Independent |location=UK |date=14 August 2009|accessdate=16 August 2009 | location=London | first=David | last=Keys}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=TFDB&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Brophy |first=Kenneth |last2=Noble |first2=Gordon |last3=Driscoll |first3=Stephen |title=The Forteviot dagger burial |journal=History Scotland |volume=10 |issue=1 |year=2010 |issn=1475-5270 |pages=12–13 |postscript=&lt;!--None--&gt; }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Scotland may have been part of a Late Bronze Age maritime trading culture called the [[Atlantic Bronze Age]] that also included the other [[Celtic nations]], and the areas that would become England, France, Spain and Portugal.&lt;ref name=Koch&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.wales.ac.uk/Resources/Documents/Research/ODonnell.pdf|title=O'Donnell Lecture 2008 Appendix|publisher=University of Wales |last=Koch|first=John|accessdate=27 May 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=Koch2009&gt;{{cite book | last = Koch | first = John | title = Tartessian: Celtic from the Southwest at the Dawn of History in Acta Palaeohispanica X Palaeohispanica 9 (2009)| publisher=Palaeohispanica | year = 2009 | pages = 339–351 | url = http://ifc.dpz.es/recursos/publicaciones/29/54/26koch.pdf | id = | issn = 1578-5386 | accessdate =17 May 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.megalithic.co.uk/article.php?sid=2146413465|title=New research suggests Welsh Celtic roots lie in Spain and Portugal|publisher=The Megalithic Portal|last=Koch|first=John|accessdate=10 May 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=Cunliffe|first=Barry|title=A Race Apart: Insularity and Connectivity in Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 75, 2009, pp. 55–64|year=2008| publisher=The Prehistoric Society|page=61}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Roman influence===<br /> {{Main|Scotland during the Roman Empire}}<br /> [[File:Ditch associated with Antonine Wall at Bar Head - geograph.org.uk - 365380.jpg|thumb|Ditch associated with Antonine Wall at Bar Head]]<br /> The written [[protohistory]] of Scotland began with the arrival of the [[Roman Empire]] in southern and central Great Britain, when the Romans occupied what is now England and Wales, administering it as a [[Roman province|province]] called ''[[Roman Britain|Britannia]]''. Roman invasions and occupations of southern Scotland were a series of brief interludes.<br /> <br /> According to the Roman historian [[Tacitus]], the [[Caledonians]] &quot;turned to armed resistance on a large scale&quot;, attacking Roman forts and skirmishing with their legions. In a surprise night-attack, the Caledonians very nearly wiped out the whole [[9th Legion]] until it was saved by Agricola's cavalry.&lt;ref name=&quot;The Romans in Scotland&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.bbc.co.uk/scotland/history/articles/the_romans/ |title = The Romans in Scotland| publisher = British Broadcasting Corporation}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In AD 83–84 the general [[Gnaeus Julius Agricola]] defeated the [[Caledonians]] at the [[Battle of Mons Graupius]]. Before the battle [[Tacitus]] wrote that the Caledonian leader, [[Calgacus]], gave a rousing speech in which he called his people the &quot;last of the free&quot; and accused the Romans of &quot;making the world a desert and calling it peace&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;The Romans in Scotland&quot;/&gt; After the Roman victory [[Castra|Roman forts]] were briefly set along the [[Gask Ridge]] close to the [[Highland Boundary Fault|Highland line]] (only [[Cawdor (Roman Fort)|Cawdor]] near [[Inverness]] is known to have been constructed beyond that line). Three years after the battle the [[Roman army|Roman armies]] had withdrawn to the [[Southern Uplands]].&lt;ref&gt;Hanson, William S. ''The Roman Presence: Brief Interludes'', in Edwards, Kevin J. &amp; Ralston, Ian B.M. (Eds) (2003) Scotland After the Ice Age: Environment, Archeology and History, 8000 BC&amp;nbsp;— AD 1000. Edinburgh. Edinburgh University Press&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The Romans erected [[Hadrian's Wall]] to control tribes on both sides of the wall,&lt;ref name=snyder&gt;{{Cite book | last = Snyder | first = Christopher A. | year = 2003 | title = The Britons | publisher=Blackwell Publishing | isbn = 0-631-22260-X | postscript = &lt;!--None--&gt;}}&lt;/ref&gt; and the ''[[Limes|Limes Britannicus]]'' became the northern border of the empire, although the army held the [[Antonine Wall]] in the [[Central Lowlands]] for two short periods—the last of these during the time of Emperor [[Septimius Severus]] from 208 until 210.&lt;ref&gt;Robertson, Anne S. (1960) ''The Antonine Wall''. Glasgow Archaeological Society.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The Roman military occupation of a significant part of northern Scotland only lasted about 40 years, although their influence on the southern section of the country, occupied by [[Brython]]ic tribes such as the [[Votadini]] and [[Damnonii]], would still have been considerable between the first and fifth centuries. The Welsh term [[Hen Ogledd]] (&quot;Old North&quot;) is used by scholars to describe the North of England and South of Scotland during its habitation by [[British language|Brythonic]] speaking people around AD 500 to 800.&lt;ref name=snyder/&gt; In the 400s, [[Gaels]] from Ireland established the kingdom of [[Dál Riata]].&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[http://www.bbc.co.uk/legacies/immig_emig/scotland/western/article_1.shtml Dalriada: The Land of the First Scots]&quot;. BBC – Legacies.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/529398/Scot Scot (ancient people)]&quot;. Encyclopædia Britannica.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Medieval period===<br /> [[File:HiltonofCadboll01.JPG|thumb|left|upright|A replica of the [[Pictish stones|Pictish]] [[Hilton of Cadboll Stone]].]]<br /> {{Main|Scotland in the Early Middle Ages|Scotland in the High Middle Ages|Scotland in the Late Middle Ages}}<br /> The [[Kingdom of the Picts]] (based in [[Fortriu]] by the 6th century) was the state that eventually became known as &quot;Alba&quot; or &quot;Scotland&quot;. The development of &quot;Pictland&quot;, according to the historical model developed by [[Peter Heather]], was a natural response to Roman imperialism.&lt;ref&gt;Peter Heather, &quot;State Formation in Europe in the First Millennium A.D.&quot;, in Barbara Crawford (ed.), ''Scotland in Dark Ages Europe'', (Aberdeen, 1994), pp. 47–63&lt;/ref&gt; Another view places emphasis on the [[Battle of Dun Nechtain]], and the reign of [[Bridei III of the Picts|Bridei m. Beli]] (671–693), with another period of consolidation in the reign of [[Óengus I of the Picts|Óengus mac Fergusa]] (732–761).&lt;ref&gt;For instance, [[Alex Woolf]], &quot;The Verturian Hegemony: a mirror in the North&quot;, in M. P. Brown &amp; C. A. Farr, (eds.), ''Mercia: an Anglo-Saxon Kingdom in Europe'', (Leicester, 2001), pp. 106–11.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The Kingdom of the Picts as it was in the early 8th century, when [[Bede]] was writing, was largely the same as the kingdom of the Scots in the reign of [[Alexander I of Scotland|Alexander I]] (1107–1124). However, by the tenth century, the Pictish kingdom was dominated by what we can recognise as [[Gaels|Gaelic]] culture, and had developed a traditional story of an Irish conquest around the ancestor of the contemporary royal dynasty, [[Kenneth I of Scotland|Cináed mac Ailpín]] (Kenneth MacAlpin).&lt;ref name=Lynch_359&gt;{{cite book|chapter=Kenneth mac Alpin|last=Brown|first=Dauvit|editor=M. Lynch|title=The Oxford Companion to Scottish History|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|location=Oxford|page=359|year=2001|isbn=978-0-19-211696-3}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|journal=Innes Review|publisher=Scottish Catholic Historical Association |last=Brown|first=Dauvit|title=Dunkeld and the origin of Scottish identity|issue=48|location=Glasgow|pages=112–124|year=1997}} reprinted in [[Dauvit Broun]] and [[Thomas Owen Clancy]] (eds.), (1999)''Spes Scotorum: Hope of Scots'', Edinburgh: T.&amp; T.Clark, pp. 95–111. ISBN 978-0-567-08682-2&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|first=Sally|last=Foster|title=Picts, Gaels and Scots (Historic Scotland)|location=London|year=1996|publisher=Batsford|isbn=978-0-7134-7485-5}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> From a base of territory in eastern Scotland north of the [[River Forth]] and south of the [[River Oykel]], the kingdom acquired control of the lands lying to the north and south. By the 12th century, the kings of Alba had added to their territories the [[Old English|English]]-speaking land in the south-east and attained overlordship of [[Scottish Gaelic|Gaelic]]-speaking [[Galloway]] and [[Old Norse|Norse]]-speaking [[Caithness]]; by the end of the 13th century, the kingdom had assumed approximately its [[Anglo-Scottish border|modern borders]]. However, processes of cultural and economic change beginning in the 12th century ensured Scotland looked very different in the later Middle Ages.<br /> <br /> The impetus for this change was the reign of [[David I of Scotland|David I]] and the [[Davidian Revolution]]. [[Feudalism]], government reorganisation and the first legally recognised towns (called [[burgh]]s) began in this period. These institutions and the immigration of French and Anglo-French knights and churchmen facilitated cultural osmosis, whereby the culture and language of the low-lying and coastal parts of the kingdom's original territory in the east became, like the newly acquired south-east, English-speaking, while the rest of the country retained the Gaelic language, apart from the Northern Isles of Orkney and Shetland, which remained under Norse rule until 1468.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=Withers|first=Charles, W.J.|title=Gaelic in Scotland, 1698–1981|publisher=John Donald |location=Edinburgh |year=1984 |pages=16–41; |isbn=978-0-85976-097-3 |authorlink=Charles W. J. Withers}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=Barrow/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.bord-na-gaidhlig.org.uk/about-gaelic/history.html |publisher=Bòrd na Gàidhlig |author=Thomas Owen Clancy |title=Gaelic Scotland: a brief history |accessdate=21 September 2007 |archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20070911232223/http://www.bord-na-gaidhlig.org.uk/about-gaelic/history.html &lt;!-- Bot retrieved archive --&gt; |archivedate = 11 September 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Scottish state entered a largely successful and stable period between the 12th and 14th centuries, there was relative peace with England, trade and educational links were well developed with the Continent and at the height of this cultural flowering [[John Duns Scotus]] was one of Europe's most important and influential philosophers.<br /> <br /> [[File:Wfm wallace monument cropped.jpg|thumb|upright|right|The [[Wallace Monument]] commemorates [[William Wallace]], the 13th-century Scottish hero.]]<br /> The death of [[Alexander III of Scotland|Alexander III]] in March 1286, followed by that of his granddaughter [[Margaret, Maid of Norway]], broke the centuries-old succession line of Scotland's kings and shattered the 200 year golden age that began with David I. [[Edward I of England]] was asked to arbitrate between claimants for the Scottish crown, and he organised a process known as the [[Competitors for the Crown of Scotland|Great Cause]] to identify the most legitimate claimant. [[John Balliol]] was pronounced king in the Great Hall of [[Berwick Castle]] on 17 November 1292 and inaugurated at [[Scone, Perth and Kinross|Scone]] on 30 November, [[St. Andrew's Day]]. Edward I, who had coerced recognition as [[Lord Paramount of Scotland]], the feudal superior of the realm, steadily undermined John's authority.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url =http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/utk/scotland/conquered.htm | title =Scotland Conquered, 1174–1296 | publisher =National Archives}}&lt;/ref&gt; In 1294 Balliol and other Scottish lords refused Edward's demands to serve in his army against the French. Instead the Scottish parliament sent envoys to France to negotiate an alliance. Scotland and France sealed a treaty on 23 October 1295, that came to be known as the [[Auld Alliance]] (1295–1560). War ensued and King John was deposed by Edward who took personal control of Scotland. [[Andrew Moray]] and [[William Wallace]] initially emerged as the principal leaders of the resistance to English rule in what became known as the [[Wars of Scottish Independence]] (1296–1328).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url =http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/utk/scotland/regained.htm | title =Scotland Regained, 1297–1328| publisher =National Archives of the United Kingdom}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The nature of the struggle changed significantly when [[Robert the Bruce|Robert the Bruce, Earl of Carrick]], killed rival [[John III Comyn, Lord of Badenoch|John Comyn]] on 10 February 1306 at [[Greyfriars Kirk]] in [[Dumfries]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.undiscoveredscotland.co.uk/dumfries/dumfries/ |title=Dumfries Feature Page on Undiscovered Scotland |publisher=Undiscoveredscotland.co.uk |accessdate=11 June 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt; He was crowned king (as Robert I) less than seven weeks later. Robert I battled to restore Scottish Independence as King for over 20 years, beginning by winning Scotland back from the Norman English invaders piece by piece. Victory at the [[Battle of Bannockburn]] in 1314 proved that the Scots had regained control of their kingdom. In 1315 [[Edward Bruce]], brother of the King, was briefly appointed [[High King of Ireland]] during an ultimately unsuccessful Scottish invasion of Ireland aimed at strengthening Scotland's position in its wars against England. In 1320 the world's first documented [[declaration of independence]], the [[Declaration of Arbroath]], won the support of [[Pope John XXII]], leading to the legal recognition of Scottish sovereignty by the English Crown.<br /> [[File:Scottish clan map.png|thumb|left|Map of Scottish highland [[Scottish clan|clan]]s and lowland families.]]<br /> However, war with England continued for several decades after the death of Bruce, and a civil war between the Bruce dynasty and their long-term Comyn-Balliol rivals lasted until the middle of the 14th century. Although the Bruce dynasty was successful, [[David II of Scotland|David II's]] lack of an heir allowed his half-nephew [[Robert II of Scotland|Robert II]] to come to the throne and establish the [[Stewart Dynasty]].&lt;ref name=Barrow&gt;{{cite book|authorlink=G. W. S. Barrow|last=Barrow|first=Geoffrey, W.S.|title=Robert Bruce &amp; the Community of the Realm of Scotland|edition=4th|publisher=Edinburgh University Press|year=2005|isbn=0-7486-2022-2|origyear=1965}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=Grant&gt;{{cite book|first=Alexander|last=Grant|title=Independence and Nationhood: Scotland, 1306–1469|edition=New|date=6 June 1991|origyear=1984|publisher=Edinburgh University Press|pages=3–57|isbn=978-0-7486-0273-5}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Stewarts ruled Scotland for the remainder of the [[Middle Ages]]. The country they ruled experienced greater prosperity from the end of the 14th century through the Scottish Renaissance to the [[Scottish Reformation|Reformation]]. The [[Education Act 1496|Education Act of 1496]] made Scotland the first country since [[Sparta]] in [[classical Greece]] to implement a system of general [[public education]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Intro to Scottish Education&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title = Intro to Scottish Education| work=The Scottish Education Act of 1696 heralded the first National system of education in the World since ancient Sparta| url = http://www.siliconglen.com/Scotland/17_1.html |publisher=siliconglen.com| accessdate =7 March 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt; This was despite continual warfare with England, the increasing division between [[Scottish Highlands|Highlands]] and [[Scottish Lowlands|Lowlands]], and a large number of royal minorities.&lt;ref name=Grant/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|first=Jenny|last=Wormald|title=Court, Kirk and Community: Scotland|edition=New|publisher=Edinburgh University Press|date=6 June 1991|isbn=978-0-7486-0276-6|origyear=1981}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br&gt; This period was the height of the Franco-Scottish alliance. The Scots Guard – la [[Garde Écossaise]] – was founded in 1418 by [[Charles VII of France]]. The Scots soldiers of the Garde Écossaise fought alongside [[Joan of Arc]] against England during the [[Hundred Years War]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url =http://www.ltscotland.org.uk/scotlandshistory/medievallife/gardeecossaise/index.asp/| title = Medieval life Garde Ecossaise| publisher =Learning Scotland}}{{dead link|date=July 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; In March 1421 a Franco-Scots force under [[John Stewart, 2nd Earl of Buchan]], and Gilbert de Lafayette, defeated a larger English army at the [[Battle of Baugé]]. Three years later, at the [[Battle of Verneuil]], the Scots lost around 6000 men, but the Scottish intervention bought France valuable time and likely saved the country from defeat.{{citation needed|date=June 2012}}<br /> <br /> ===Early modern era===<br /> {{Main|Scotland in the Early Modern Era}}<br /> In 1502, [[James IV of Scotland]] signed the [[Treaty of Perpetual Peace]] with [[Henry VII of England]]. He also married Henry's daughter, [[Margaret Tudor]], setting the stage for the [[Union of the Crowns]]. For Henry, the marriage into one of Europe's most established monarchies gave legitimacy to the new Tudor royal line.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url =http://www.bbc.co.uk/scotland/history/articles/james_iv/| title =James IV, King of Scots 1488–1513| publisher =British Broadcasting Corporation}}&lt;/ref&gt; A decade later James made the fateful decision to invade England in support of France under the terms of the [[Auld Alliance]]. He was the last British monarch to die in battle, at the [[Battle of Flodden]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url =http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/210431/Battle-of-Flodden| title =Battle of Flodden, (Sept.&amp;nbsp;9, 1513), | publisher =Encyclopædia Britannica}}&lt;/ref&gt; Within a generation the [[Auld Alliance]] was ended by the [[Treaty of Edinburgh]]. France agreed to withdraw all land and naval forces and in the same year, 1560, the revolution of [[John Knox]] achieved its ultimate goal of convincing the Scottish parliament to revoke papal authority in Scotland.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url =http://www.bbc.co.uk/scotland/history/articles/scottish_reformation/| title =The Scottish Reformation, | publisher =BBC Scotland}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Mary, Queen of Scots]], a Catholic and former queen of France, was forced to abdicate in 1567.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url =http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/utk/scotland/religion.htm| title =Religion, Marriage and Power in Scotland, 1503–1603| publisher =The National Archives of the United Kingdom}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [[File:Portrait of King James I &amp; VI (1618-1620).jpg|thumb|right|200px|James VI succeeded to the throne of England in 1603]]<br /> In 1603, [[James VI and I|James VI, King of Scots]] inherited the thrones of the [[Kingdom of England]] and the [[Kingdom of Ireland]], and became King James I of England and Ireland, and left [[Edinburgh]] for London.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=Chronology of Scottish History|publisher=Geddes &amp; Grosset|isbn=1-85534-380-0|last=Ross|first=David|year=2002|quote='''1603:''' James VI becomes [[James I of England]] in the [[Union of the Crowns]], and leaves Edinburgh for London|page=56}}&lt;/ref&gt; With the exception of a short period under [[the Protectorate]], Scotland remained a separate state, but there was considerable conflict between the crown and the [[Covenanters]] over the form of [[Presbyterian church governance|church government]]. The [[Glorious Revolution]] of 1688–89 saw the overthrow of the [[King James II of England|King James VII of Scotland and II of England]] by the English Parliament in favour of [[William and Mary]]. As late as the 1690s, Scotland experienced [[famine]], which reduced the population of parts of the country by at least 20 percent.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;''[http://books.google.com/books?id=RiLjHZdt-sMC&amp;pg=PA2&amp;dq&amp;hl=en#v=onepage&amp;q=&amp;f=false Famine in Scotland: The 'Ill Years' of the 1690s]''&quot;. Karen Cullen,Karen J. Cullen (2010). [[Edinburgh University Press]]. p.2. ISBN 0-7486-3887-3&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 1698, the Scots attempted an ambitious project to secure a trading colony on the [[Isthmus of Panama]]. Almost every Scottish landowner who had money to spare is said to have invested in the [[Darien scheme]]. Its failure bankrupted these landowners, but not the burghs, which remained cash rich. Nevertheless, the nobles' bankruptcy, along with the threat of an English invasion, played a leading role in convincing the Scots elite to back a union with England.&lt;ref&gt;http://www.scottishaffairs.org/backiss/pdfs/sa52/Sa52_Scott.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.scottishhistorysociety.org/departments/scottishhistorysociety/resources/popularoppositiontotheratificationofthetreatyofanglo-scottishunionin1706-7/backgroundtotheissues/ | title =Popular Opposition to the Ratification of the Treaty of Anglo-Scottish Union in 1706-7| publisher =University of St Andrews}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> On 22 July 1706, the [[Treaty of Union]] was agreed between representatives of the [[Parliament of Scotland|Scots Parliament]] and the [[Parliament of England]] and the following year twin [[Acts of Union 1707|Acts of Union]] were passed by both parliaments to create the united [[Kingdom of Great Britain]] with effect from 1 May 1707.&lt;ref name=Mackie/&gt;<br /> <br /> ===18th century===<br /> <br /> With trade tariffs with England now abolished, trade blossomed, especially with [[Colonial America]]. The clippers belonging to the [[Glasgow]] [[Tobacco Lords]] were the fastest ships on the route to Virginia. Until the [[American War of Independence]] in 1776, Glasgow was the world's premier tobacco port, dominating world trade.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title =The Tobacco Lords: A study of the Tobacco Merchants of Glasgow and their Activities| publisher =Virginia Historical Society | jstor =4248011 }}&lt;/ref&gt; The disparity between the wealth of the merchant classes of the [[Scottish Lowlands]] and the ancient clans of the [[Scottish Highlands]] grew, amplifying centuries of division.<br /> [[File:The Battle of Culloden.jpg|thumb|left|David Morier's depiction of the [[Battle of Culloden]].]]<br /> The deposed [[Jacobitism|Jacobite Stuart]] claimants had remained popular in the Highlands and north-east, particularly amongst non-[[Presbyterian]]s, including Roman Catholics and [[Episcopalian Protestants]]. However, two major [[Jacobite Rising|Jacobite risings]] launched in 1715 and 1745 failed to remove the [[House of Hanover]] from the British throne. The threat of the Jacobite movement to the United Kingdom and its monarchs effectively ended at the [[Battle of Culloden]], Great Britain's last [[pitched battle]]. This defeat paved the way for large-scale removals of the indigenous populations of the Highlands and Islands, known as the [[Highland Clearances]].<br /> <br /> The [[Scottish Enlightenment]] and the [[Industrial Revolution]] made Scotland into an intellectual, commercial and industrial powerhouse&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[http://www.uiowa.edu/%7Ec008224b/scotline2.htm Some Dates in Scottish History from 1745 to 1914]&quot;, The University of Iowa.&lt;/ref&gt;–so much so that [[Voltaire]] said &quot;We look to Scotland for all our ideas of civilisation.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url =http://www.ltscotland.org.uk/scottishenlightenment/scotland/index.asp| title =Enlightenment Scotland| publisher =Learning and Teaching Scotland}}&lt;/ref&gt; With the demise of Jacobitism and the advent of the Union thousands of Scots, mainly Lowlanders, took up numerous positions of power in politics, civil service, the army and navy, trade, economics, colonial enterprises and other areas across the nascent [[British Empire]]. Historian Neil Davidson notes that “after 1746 there was an entirely new level of participation by Scots in political life, particularly outside Scotland.” Davidson also states that “far from being ‘peripheral’ to the British economy, Scotland – or more precisely, the Lowlands – lay at its core.”&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book | title =The Origins of Scottish Nationhood | author =Neil Davidson(2000)| publisher =Pluto Press| location =London | pages =94–95}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===19th century===<br /> {{Main|Scotland in the modern era}}<br /> [[File:St-Kildans.jpg|thumb|right|[[St Kilda, Scotland|St. Kildans]] sitting on the village street, 1886.]]<br /> Scotland became known across the world for its excellence in engineering, as typified by the [[River Clyde|Clyde]] built ships and locomotives built in Glasgow. Prefabricated cast iron buildings made in Scotland are still in use in India, South America and Australia.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.transportscotland.gov.uk/road/projects/m74-completion/m74-dig/Industrial-Revolution| title =Scotland and the Industrial Revolution| publisher =Transport Scotland}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> Prominent scientists, engineers and architects of the industrial age included [[David Dale]], [[Joseph Black]], [[Thomas Telford]], [[Robert Stevenson (civil engineer)|Robert Stevenson]], [[James Watt]], [[James Nasmyth]], [[Robert Adam]] and [[John MacAdam]].<br /> <br /> ===Scottish diaspora===<br /> Scots born migrants also played a leading role in the foundation and principles of the United States ([[John Witherspoon]], [[John Paul Jones]], [[Andrew Carnegie]], [[John Muir]]),&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://undpress.nd.edu/book/P01005| title =John Witherspoon and the Founding of the American Republic| publisher =University of Notre Dame Press}}&lt;/ref&gt; Canada ([[John A Macdonald]], [[James Murray (Quebec governor)|James Murray]], [[Tommy Douglas]]),&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|author=J.M. Bumsted |url=http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&amp;Params=A1ARTA0007222 |title=Scots |publisher=The Canadian Encyclopedia |accessdate=6 May 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; Australia ([[Lachlan Macquarie]], [[Thomas Brisbane]], [[Andrew Fisher]]),&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/rn/lifematters/stories/2008/2300002.htm |title=The Scots in Australia – Life Matters|publisher=ABC Radio National (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) |date=16 July 2008 |accessdate=6 May 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; and New Zealand ([[James Mckenzie (outlaw)|James Mckenzie]], [[Peter Fraser (New Zealand politician)|Peter Fraser]]).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/scots/9| title =New Zealand: Scots Education An influential group| publisher =Ministry for Culture and Heritage / Te Manatu Taonga}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Early 20th century===<br /> [[File:Royal Scots with flag 01-1945.jpg|thumb|left|[[Royal Scots]] with captured Japanese flag, Burma, January 1945.]]<br /> Scotland played a major role in the British effort in the [[First World War]]. It especially provided manpower, ships, machinery, fish and money.&lt;ref&gt;Richard J. Finlay, ''Modern Scotland 1914–2000'' (2006), pp 1–33&lt;/ref&gt; With a population of 4.8 million in 1911, Scotland sent over half a million men to the war, of whom over a quarter died in combat or from disease, and 150,000 were seriously wounded.&lt;ref&gt;R. A. Houston and W.W. J. Knox, eds. ''The New Penguin History of Scotland'' (2001) p 426.[http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=VI5nAAAAMAAJ&amp;q=casualties] Niall Ferguson points out in “The Pity of War” that the proportion of enlisted Scots who died was third highest in the war behind Serbia and Turkey and a much higher proportion than in other parts of the UK.[http://books.google.com/books?ei=AJtPTtinKseKhQfUufnzBg&amp;ct=result&amp;id=QrYhAQAAIAAJ&amp;dq=niall+ferguson&amp;q=enlisted][http://news.scotsman.com/worldwarone/39Savage-Scots39-wish-you-weren39t.6487746.jp]&lt;/ref&gt; [[Field Marshal (United Kingdom)|Field Marshal]] [[Douglas Haig|Sir Douglas Haig]] was Britain's commander on the Western Front.<br /> <br /> The war saw the emergence of a radical movement called &quot;[[Red Clydeside]]&quot; led by militant trades unionists. Formerly a [[Liberal Party (UK)|Liberal]] stronghold, the industrial districts switched to [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour]] by 1922, with a base among the [[Irish Catholic]] working class districts. Women were especially active in building neighbourhood solidarity on housing issues. However, the &quot;Reds&quot; operated within the Labour Party and had little influence in Parliament and the mood changed to passive despair by the late 1920s.&lt;ref&gt;Iain McLean, ''The Legend of Red Clydeside'' (1983)&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The shipbuilding industry expanded by a third and expected renewed prosperity, but instead a serious depression hit the economy by 1922 and it did not fully recover until 1939. The interwar years were marked by economic stagnation in rural and urban areas, and high unemployment.&lt;ref&gt;Finlay, ''Modern Scotland 1914–2000'' (2006), pp 34–72&lt;/ref&gt; Indeed, the war brought with it deep social, cultural, economic, and political dislocations. Thoughtful Scots pondered their declension, as the main social indicators such as poor health, bad housing, and long-term mass unemployment, pointed to terminal social and economic stagnation at best, or even a downward spiral. Service abroad on behalf of the Empire lost its allure to ambitious young people, who left Scotland permanently. The heavy dependence on obsolescent heavy industry and mining was a central problem, and no one offered workable solutions. The despair reflected what Finlay (1994) describes as a widespread sense of hopelessness that prepared local business and political leaders to accept a new orthodoxy of centralised government economic planning when it arrived during the [[Second World War]].&lt;ref&gt;Richard J. Finlay, &quot;National identity in Crisis: Politicians, Intellectuals and the 'End of Scotland', 1920–1939,&quot; ''History,'' June 1994, Vol. 79 Issue 256, pp 242–59&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The Second World War brought renewed prosperity, despite extensive bombing of cities by the Luftwaffe. It saw the invention of radar by [[Robert Watson-Watt]], which was invaluable in the [[Battle of Britain]] as was the leadership at [[RAF Fighter Command]] of [[Air Chief Marshal (UK)|Air Chief Marshal]] [[Hugh Dowding|Sir Hugh Dowding]].&lt;ref&gt;Finlay, ''Modern Scotland 1914–2000'' (2006), pp 162–197&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Since 1945===<br /> After 1945, Scotland's economic situation became progressively worse due to overseas competition, inefficient industry, and industrial disputes.&lt;ref&gt;Harvie, Christopher ''No Gods and Precious Few Heroes'' (Edward Arnold, 1989) pp 54–63.&lt;/ref&gt; Only in recent decades has the country enjoyed something of a cultural and economic renaissance. Economic factors that have contributed to this recovery include a resurgent financial services industry, [[electronics manufacturing]], (see [[Silicon Glen]]),&lt;ref&gt;See Stewart, Heather, &quot;[http://politics.guardian.co.uk/scotland/comment/0,,2073303,00.html Celtic Tiger Burns Brighter at Holyrood], ''[[The Guardian|The Guardian Unlimited]]'', 6 May 2007 for an account of Scotland's economic challenges, especially after the dotcom downturn, as it competes with the emerging Eastern European economies.&lt;/ref&gt; and the [[North Sea oil]] and gas industry.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2004/04/19170/35326 &quot;National Planning Framework for Scotland&quot;]{{dead link|date=July 2011}} Scottish Government publication, (web-page last updated 6 April 2006), which states ''&quot;Since the 1970s, the development of North Sea oil and gas fields has made an important contribution to the Scottish economy, and underpinned prosperity in the North-East.&quot;'' Retrieved on 7 November 2007.&lt;/ref&gt; The introduction in 1989 by Margaret Thatcher's government of the [[Community Charge]] (widely known as the Poll Tax) one year before the rest of the United Kingdom, contributed to a growing movement for a return to direct Scottish control over domestic affairs.&lt;ref&gt;[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/scotland/7976782.stm &quot;The poll tax in Scotland 20 years on&quot;] British Broadcasting Corporation,&lt;/ref&gt; Following a [[Scottish devolution referendum, 1997|referendum on devolution proposals in 1997]], the [[Scotland Act 1998]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.opsi.gov.uk/Acts/acts1998/ukpga_19980046_en_1 &quot;The Scotland Act 1998&quot;] Office of Public Sector Information. Retrieved 22 April 2008.&lt;/ref&gt; was passed by the [[United Kingdom Parliament]] to establish a devolved [[Scottish Parliament]] and [[Scottish Government]] with responsibility for most laws specific to Scotland.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.scotland.gov.uk/About/18060/11552 &quot;Devolution &gt; Scottish responsibilities&quot;]{{dead link|date=July 2011}} Scottish Government publication, (web-page last updated November 2010)&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Government and politics==<br /> {{Main|Politics of Scotland|Scottish Parliament|Scottish Government}}<br /> [[File:Scottish Cabinet, May 2011.jpg|thumb|right|The 2011 [[Government of the 4th Scottish Parliament#Second Salmond government|cabinet]] of the [[Scottish Government]]]]<br /> Scotland's [[head of state]] is the [[monarch of the United Kingdom]], currently [[Elizabeth II|Queen Elizabeth II]] (since 1952). The title ''Elizabeth II'' caused [[List of titles and honours of Queen Elizabeth II#Scottish controversy|controversy]] around the time of the queen's coronation, as there had never been an ''Elizabeth I'' in Scotland. A legal case, [[MacCormick v. Lord Advocate]] (1953 SC 396), was taken to contest the right of the Queen to title herself ''Elizabeth II'' within Scotland, arguing that to do so would be a breach of Article 1 of the Treaty of Union.<br /> <br /> The [[Lord Advocate]] won the case and it was decided that future British monarchs would be [[Monarchical ordinal|numbered]] according to either their English or Scottish predecessors, whichever number is higher.&lt;ref&gt;[[Winston Churchill]], House of Commons [[Hansard|Official Report]] cols 199–201, 15 April 1953&lt;/ref&gt; Hence, any future King James would be styled James VIII (since the last Scottish King James was [[James VII of Scotland|James VII]] (also James II of England, etc.)) while the next King Henry would be King Henry IX throughout the UK despite the fact that there have been no Scottish kings of the name.<br /> <br /> Scotland has partial [[self-government]] within the United Kingdom as well as representation in the UK Parliament. Executive and legislative powers have been devolved to, respectively, the [[Scottish Government]] and the Scottish Parliament at [[Holyrood, Edinburgh|Holyrood]] in Edinburgh. The [[United Kingdom Parliament]] retains power over a set list of areas explicitly specified in the [[Scotland Act 1998]] as [[reserved matters]], including, for example, levels of UK [[UK tax system|taxes]], [[UK social security|social security]], [[UK military|defence]], [[UK international relations|international relations]] and [[UK broadcasting|broadcasting]].&lt;ref name= Gate&gt;[http://web.archive.org/web/20071020091749/http://www.scotland.org/about/fact-file/government/index.html &quot;Government of Scotland Facts&quot;] Scotland.org&amp;nbsp;— The Official Online Gateway. Retrieved 26 September 2007.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The Scottish Parliament has [[legislative]] authority for all other areas relating to Scotland, as well as [[Tartan Tax|limited power to vary income tax]]. Former Prime Minister Gordon Brown, in a [[BBC Scotland]] interview, indicated that the Scottish Parliament could be given more tax-raising powers.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.sundayherald.com/news/heraldnews/display.var.2050686.0.0.php|title=Brown opens door to Holyrood tax powers|publisher=Sunday Herald|date=10 July 2009|accessdate=10 July 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The Scottish Parliament can give legislative consent over devolved matters back to Westminster by passing a [[Legislative Consent Motion]] if United Kingdom-wide legislation is considered to be more appropriate for a certain issue. The programmes of legislation enacted by the Scottish Parliament have seen a divergence in the provision of [[public services]] compared to the rest of the United Kingdom. For instance, the costs of a university education, and care services for the elderly are free at point of use in Scotland, while fees are paid in the rest of the UK. Scotland was the first country in the UK to ban smoking in enclosed public places.&lt;ref&gt;BBC Scotland News Online &quot;[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/4845260.stm Scotland begins pub smoking ban]&quot;, ''BBC Scotland News'', 26 March 2006. Retrieved 17 July 2006.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [[File:Scottish Parliament, Main Debating Chamber - geograph.org.uk - 1650829.jpg|left|thumb|The debating chamber of the [[Scottish Parliament Building]]]]<br /> The Scottish Parliament is a [[unicameral]] legislature comprising 129 [[Members of the Scottish Parliament|Members]], 73 of whom represent individual [[Scottish Parliament constituencies|constituencies]] and are elected on a [[first past the post]] system; 56 are elected in eight different electoral regions by the [[additional member system (Scottish Parliament)|additional member system]], serving for a four year period. The Queen appoints one [[Member of the Scottish Parliament]], (MSP), on the nomination of the Parliament, to be [[First Minister of Scotland|First Minister]]. Other Ministers are also appointed by the First Minister and serve at his/her discretion, together they make up the [[Scottish Government]], the executive arm of government.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.scotland.gov.uk/About/Ministers &quot;About Scottish Ministers&quot;]{{dead link|date=November 2010}} Scottish Government. Retrieved 26 September 2007.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In the [[Scottish Parliament election, 2011|2011 election]], the [[Scottish National Party]] (SNP) formed a majority government after winning 69 of the 129 seat Parliament; This was the first majority government since the modern post-devolutionary Scottish Parliament was established in 1999. The leader of the SNP, [[Alex Salmond]], continued as First Minister. The [[Scottish Labour Party|Labour Party]] continued as the largest opposition party, with the [[Scottish Conservative Party|Conservative Party]], the [[Scottish Liberal Democrats|Liberal Democrats]], and the [[Scottish Green Party|Green Party]] also represented in the Parliament. [[Margo MacDonald]] is the only [[independent (politician)|independent]] MSP sitting in Parliament. The next [[Scottish Parliament general election, 2016|Scottish Parliament general election]] will be held on 5 May 2016. The [[Scotland Bill 2011|Scotland Bill]], put forward by the [[Calman Commission]] and cleared by the UK [[House of Commons of the United Kingdom|House of Commons]], proposes devolving more power to Scotland. The bill has yet to be put into legislation. The Scottish National Party, who did not take part in the consultation, believe the bill does not devolve enough powers to the Scottish Parliament.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://breakingnews.heraldscotland.com/breaking-news/?mode=article&amp;site=hs&amp;id=N0403941296156340260A|title=Commons clears transfer of power|publisher=Heraldscotland|date=January 2011|accessdate=4 October 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Scotland is represented in the [[British House of Commons]] by [[List of MPs for constituencies in Scotland 2010–|59 MPs]] elected from territory-based [[Scottish Westminster constituencies from 2005|Scottish constituencies]]. The [[Scotland Office]] represents the UK government in Scotland on reserved matters and represents Scottish interests within the UK government.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.scotlandoffice.gov.uk/our-communications/doc.php?id=11|title=Scotland Office Charter|work=Scotland Office website|date=9 August 2004|accessdate=22 December 2007 |archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20071030185025/http://www.scotlandoffice.gov.uk/our-communications/doc.php?id=11 |archivedate = 30 October 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Scotland office is led by the [[Secretary of State for Scotland]], who sits in the [[Cabinet of the United Kingdom]], the current incumbent being [[Michael Moore (UK politician)|Michael Moore]].<br /> <br /> ===Administrative subdivisions===<br /> {{Main|Subdivisions of Scotland}}<br /> [[File:Glasgow City Chambers, Glasgow.jpg|thumb|right|[[Glasgow City Chambers]], viewed from George Square]] Historical subdivisions of Scotland included the [[mormaerdom]], [[stewartries|stewartry]], [[earldom]], [[burgh]], parish, [[Counties of Scotland|county]] and [[Regions and districts of Scotland|regions and districts]]. These names are still sometimes used as geographical descriptors.<br /> <br /> Modern Scotland is subdivided in various ways depending on the purpose. For [[Local government of Scotland|local government]], there have been 32 [[council areas]] since 1996,&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.opsi.gov.uk/acts/acts1994/Ukpga_19940039_en_1.htm &quot;Local Government etc. (Scotland) Act 1994&quot;] Office of Public Sector Information. Retrieved 26 September 2007.&lt;/ref&gt; whose councils are [[unitary authorities]] responsible for the provision of all local government services. [[Community council]]s are informal organisations that represent specific sub-divisions of a council area.<br /> <br /> For the [[Scottish Parliament]], there are 73 [[Scottish Parliament constituencies and regions|constituencies]] and eight regions. For the Parliament of the United Kingdom, there are 59 [[list of UK Parliamentary constituencies in Scotland|constituencies]]. The Scottish fire brigades and police forces are still based on the system of regions introduced in 1975. For healthcare and postal districts, and a number of other governmental and non-governmental organisations such as the churches, there are other long-standing methods of subdividing Scotland for the purposes of administration.<br /> <br /> [[City status in the United Kingdom]] is conferred by [[letters patent]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.dca.gov.uk/constitution/city/cityhome.htm &quot;City status&quot;] [[Department for Constitutional Affairs]]. Retrieved 26 September 2007.&lt;/ref&gt; There are seven cities in Scotland: [[Aberdeen]], [[Dundee]], Edinburgh, [[Glasgow]], [[Inverness]], [[Stirling]] and [[Perth, Scotland|Perth]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.dca.gov.uk/constitution/city/citygj.htm &quot;UK Cities&quot;] Department for Constitutional Affairs. Retrieved 26 September 2007.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Scotland within the UK===<br /> [[File:Welcome to Scotland sign A1 road.jpg|thumb|left|Welcome sign at the Scottish border on the [[A1 road (Great Britain)|A1]].]]<br /> A policy of [[devolution]] had been advocated by the three main UK parties with varying enthusiasm during recent history. The late Labour leader [[John Smith (UK politician)|John Smith]] described the revival of a Scottish parliament as the &quot;settled will of the Scottish people&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;Cavanagh, Michael (2001) ''[http://gdl.cdlr.strath.ac.uk/aspect/docs/aspectcampaigns.htm The Campaigns for a Scottish Parliament]''. [[University of Strathclyde]]. Retrieved 12 April 2008.&lt;/ref&gt; The constitutional status of Scotland is nonetheless subject to ongoing debate. <br /> <br /> In 2007, the Scottish Government established a &quot;[[National Conversation]]&quot; on constitutional issues, proposing a number of options such as increasing the powers of the Scottish Parliament, [[federation|federalism]], or a referendum on [[Scottish independence]] from the United Kingdom. In rejecting the last option, the three main opposition parties in the Scottish Parliament have proposed a separate [[Scottish Constitutional Commission]] to investigate the distribution of powers between devolved Scottish and UK-wide bodies.&lt;ref&gt;''[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/7195800.stm Party people confront new realities]''. [[BBC]] News. Retrieved 18 January 2008.&lt;/ref&gt; In August 2009 the SNP [[Scottish referendum bill 2010|proposed a referendum bill]] to hold a referendum on independence in November 2010. Immediate opposition from all other major parties led to an expected defeat.&lt;ref name=ReferendumBill2010&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.scotland.gov.uk/About/programme-for-government/2009-10/summary-of-bills/referendum-bill |title=Referendum Bill |publisher=[[Scottish Government]] |work=Official website, About &gt; Programme for Government &gt; 2009–10 &gt; Summaries of Bills &gt; Referendum Bill |date=2 September 2009 |accessdate=10 September 2009 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5jggEjHoR |archivedate=10 September 2009}}{{dead link|date=July 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=Times3Sep09&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/scotland/article6820542.ece |title=Salmond to push ahead with referendum Bill |work=The Times |date=3 September 2009 |accessdate=10 September 2009 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5jgoTKBiL |archivedate=10 September 2009 | location=London | first=Angus | last=MacLeod }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> These plans were put on hold by the [[Scottish National Party]] until after the 2011 Scottish Parliament elections.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news| url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-11196967 |work=BBC News | title=Scottish independence plan 'an election issue' | date=6 September 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; With the outcome of the May 2011 elections allowing an SNP majority in the Scottish Parliament, a referendum on Scotland's future within the UK is to be held in Autumn 2014, with the Scottish Government launching its consultation on 25 January 2012.<br /> <br /> ==Law and criminal justice==<br /> {{Main|Scots law}}<br /> [[File:Parliament House, Edinburgh.JPG|thumb|right|[[Parliament House, Edinburgh|Parliament House]], in Edinburgh, is the home of the [[Court of Session]].]]Scots law has a basis derived from [[Roman law]],&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Tradition and Environment in a time of change&quot;, J. A. Lillie (1970). &quot;The law of Scotland has many roots in and affinities with the law of the Romans, the 'Civil Law' &quot;:{{cite web|title=History of the Faculty of Law|url=http://www.law.ed.ac.uk/history/chpt4.aspx|publisher=The University of Edinburgh School of Law |accessdate=22 October 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt; combining features of both uncodified [[civil law (legal system)|civil law]], dating back to the ''[[Corpus Juris Civilis]]'', and [[common law]] with [[Legal institutions of Scotland in the High Middle Ages|medieval sources]]. The terms of the Treaty of Union with England in 1707 guaranteed the continued existence of a separate [[legal systems of the world|legal system]] in Scotland from [[English law|that of England and Wales]].&lt;ref&gt;The Articles: legal and miscellaneous, UK Parliament House of Lords (2007). &quot;Article 19: The Scottish legal system and its courts was to remain unchanged&quot;:{{cite web|title=Act of Union 1707|url=http://www.parliament.uk/actofunion/04_05_legal.html|publisher=House of Lords|accessdate=22 October 2007 |archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20071114022831/http://www.parliament.uk/actofunion/04_05_legal.html |archivedate = 14 November 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt; Prior to 1611, there were several regional law systems in Scotland, most notably [[Udal law]] in [[Orkney]] and [[Shetland]], based on old [[Norsemen|Norse law]]. Various other systems derived from common [[Celtic law|Celtic]] or [[Brehon laws]] survived in the [[Scottish Highlands|Highlands]] until the 1800s.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Law and institutions, Gaelic&quot; &amp; &quot;Law and lawyers&quot; in M. Lynch (ed.), ''The Oxford Companion to Scottish History'', (Oxford, 2001), pp. 381–382 &amp; 382–386. Udal Law remains relevant to land law in Orkney and Shetland: {{cite web|title=A General History of Scots Law (20th century) |url=http://www.lawscot.org.uk/uploads/Ad-Hoc/AGeneralHistoryofScotsLaw_20thCentury.pdf |format=PDF|publisher=Law Society of Scotland |accessdate=20 September 2007 |archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20070925220347/http://www.lawscot.org.uk/uploads/Ad-Hoc/AGeneralHistoryofScotsLaw_20thCentury.pdf &lt;!-- Bot retrieved archive --&gt; |archivedate = 25 September 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Scots law provides for three types of [[Courts of Scotland|courts]] responsible for the administration of justice: [[Private law|civil]], [[criminal law|criminal]] and [[Law of Arms|heraldic]]. The supreme civil court is the [[Court of Session]], although civil [[appeal (law)|appeals]] can be taken to the [[Supreme Court of the United Kingdom]] (or before 1 October 2009, the [[Judicial functions of the House of Lords|House of Lords]]). The [[High Court of Justiciary]] is the supreme criminal court in Scotland. The [[Court of Session]] is housed at [[Parliament House, Edinburgh|Parliament House]], in Edinburgh, which was the home of the pre-Union [[Parliament of Scotland]] with the [[High Court of Justiciary]] and the Supreme Court of Appeal currently located at the [[Lawnmarket]]. The [[sheriff court]] is the main criminal and civil court, hearing most of the cases. There are 49 sheriff courts throughout the country.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.scotcourts.gov.uk/locations/index.asp &quot;Court Information&quot;] www.scotcourts.gov.uk. Retrieved 26 September 207.&lt;/ref&gt; [[District Courts of Scotland|District courts]] were introduced in 1975 for minor offences and small claims. The [[Court of the Lord Lyon]] regulates heraldry.<br /> <br /> For many decades the Scots legal system was unique for a period in being the only legal system without a parliament. This ended with the advent of the [[Scottish Parliament]], which legislates for Scotland. Many features within the system have been preserved. Within criminal law, the Scots legal system is unique in having three possible [[verdict]]s: &quot;[[guilt (law)|guilt]]y&quot;, &quot;[[not guilty]]&quot; and &quot;''[[not proven]]''&quot;. Both &quot;not guilty&quot; and &quot;not proven&quot; result in an [[acquittal]] with no possibility of [[retrial]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/scotland/article431121.ece?token=null&amp;offset=0&amp;page=1 The case for keeping 'not proven' verdict] www.timesonline.co.uk. Retrieved 7 August 2008.&lt;/ref&gt; Many laws differ between Scotland and the rest of [[Great Britain|Britain]], whereas many terms differ. [[Manslaughter]], in [[England and Wales]], becomes [[culpable homicide]] in Scotland, and arson becomes wilful fireraising. Procedure also differs. Scots juries consist of fifteen, not twelve jurors as is more common in [[List of countries where English is an official language|English-speaking countries]].<br /> <br /> The [[Scottish civil procedure|civil legal system]] has however attracted much recent criticism from a senior Scottish Judge who referred to it as being &quot;Victorian&quot; and antiquated.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Forsyth |first=John |url=http://thescotsman.scotsman.com/scotland/Senior-judge-hits-out-at.5250755.jp |title=Senior judge hits out at 'Victorian' Scots courts – The Scotsman |work=The Scotsman |accessdate=8 July 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt; The [[Scottish Prison Service]] (SPS) manages the prisons in Scotland, which collectively house over 8,500 prisoners.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.sps.gov.uk/default.aspx?documentid=7811a7f1-6c61-4667-a12c-f102bbf5b808 |title=Prisoner Population |publisher=Sps.gov.uk |accessdate=8 July 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt; The [[Cabinet Secretary for Justice]] is responsible for the Scottish Prison Service within the Scottish Government.<br /> <br /> ==Geography and natural history==<br /> {{Main|Geography of Scotland}}<br /> [[Image:Little Cumbrae.JPG|thumb|left|The island of [[Little Cumbrae]] with the [[Isle of Arran]] in the background]]<br /> The mainland of Scotland comprises the northern third of the land mass of the island of Great Britain, which lies off the northwest coast of [[Continental Europe]]. The total area is {{convert|78772|km2|sqmi|0|abbr=on}},&lt;ref name=Whitaker&gt;''Whitaker's Almanack'' (1991) London. J. Whitaker and Sons.&lt;/ref&gt; comparable to the size of the Czech Republic. Scotland's only land border is with England, and runs for {{convert|96|km|mi|0}} between the basin of the [[River Tweed]] on the east coast and the [[Solway Firth]] in the west. The Atlantic Ocean borders the west coast and the [[North Sea]] is to the east. The island of Ireland lies only {{convert|30|km|mi|0}} from the southwestern peninsula of [[Kintyre]];&lt;ref name=&quot;Atlas&quot;&gt;{{cite book |author=Munro, D |title=Scotland Atlas and Gazetteer |pages=1–2 |publisher=Harper Collins |year=1999}}&lt;/ref&gt; Norway is {{convert|305|km|mi|0}} to the east and the [[Faroes]], {{convert|270|km|mi|0}} to the north.<br /> <br /> The territorial extent of Scotland is generally that established by the 1237 [[Treaty of York]] between Scotland and the [[Kingdom of England]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/utk/scotland/conquered.htm &quot;Uniting the Kingdoms?&quot;] National Archives. Retrieved 21 November 2006.&lt;/ref&gt; and the 1266 [[Treaty of Perth]] between Scotland and Norway.&lt;ref name=Mackie&gt;Mackie, J.D. (1969) ''A History of Scotland''. London. Penguin.&lt;/ref&gt; Important exceptions include the [[Isle of Man]], which having been lost to England in the 14th century is now a [[crown dependency]] outside of the United Kingdom; the island groups [[Orkney]] and [[Shetland]], which were acquired from Norway in 1472;&lt;ref name=Whitaker/&gt; and [[Berwick-upon-Tweed]], lost to England in 1482.<br /> <br /> The geographical [[centre of Scotland]] lies a few miles from the village of [[Newtonmore]] in [[Badenoch]].&lt;ref&gt;See [http://www.newtonmore.com/our-community/centre-of-scotland.html &quot;Centre of Scotland&quot;] Newtonmore.com. Retrieved 07 September 2012.&lt;/ref&gt; Rising to {{convert|1344|m|ft|0}} above sea level, Scotland's highest point is the summit of [[Ben Nevis]], in [[Lochaber]], while Scotland's longest river, the [[River Tay]], flows for a distance of {{convert|190|km|mi|0}}.&lt;ref&gt;Keay, J. &amp; Keay, J. (1994) ''Collins Encyclopaedia of Scotland''. London. HarperCollins. Pages 734 and 930.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://ca.encarta.msn.com/dictionary_561508579/Tay.html &quot;Tay&quot;]{{dead link|date=November 2010}} Encarta. Retrieved 21 March 2008.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Geology and geomorphology===<br /> {{Main|Geology of Scotland}}<br /> [[File:Scotland (Location) Named (HR).png|float|right|thumb|upright|Relief map of Scotland]]<br /> The whole of Scotland was covered by ice sheets during the [[Pleistocene]] [[ice ages]] and the landscape is much affected by [[glaciation]]. From a geological perspective the country has three main sub-divisions.<br /> <br /> The [[Highlands and Islands]] lie to the north and west of the [[Highland Boundary Fault]], which runs from [[Isle of Arran|Arran]] to [[Stonehaven]]. This part of Scotland largely comprises ancient rocks from the [[Cambrian]] and [[Precambrian]], which were uplifted during the later [[Caledonian Orogeny]]. It is interspersed with [[igneous]] intrusions of a more recent age, the remnants of which have formed mountain massifs such as the [[Cairngorms]] and [[Skye]] [[Cuillins]].<br /> <br /> A significant exception to the above are the fossil-bearing beds of [[Old Red Sandstone]]s found principally along the [[Moray Firth]] coast. The [[Scottish Highlands|Highlands]] are generally mountainous and the highest elevations in the British Isles are found here. Scotland has over 790 islands, which are divided into four main groups: [[Shetland Islands|Shetland]], [[Orkney Islands|Orkney]], and the [[Inner Hebrides]] and [[Outer Hebrides]]. There are numerous bodies of [[freshwater]] including [[Loch Lomond]] and [[Loch Ness]]. Some parts of the coastline consist of [[machair (geography)|machair]], a low lying dune pasture land.<br /> <br /> The [[Central Lowlands]] is a [[rift valley]] mainly comprising [[Paleozoic]] formations. Many of these sediments have economic significance for it is here that the coal and iron bearing rocks that fuelled Scotland's [[industrial revolution]] are to be found. This area has also experienced intense [[volcanism]], [[Arthur's Seat, Edinburgh|Arthur’s Seat]] in Edinburgh being the remnant of a once much larger volcano. This area is relatively low-lying, although even here hills such as the [[Ochil Hills|Ochils]] and [[Campsie Fells]] are rarely far from view.<br /> <br /> The [[Southern Uplands]] are a range of hills almost {{convert|200|km|mi|0}} long, interspersed with broad valleys. They lie south of a second [[fault (geology)|fault line]] (the Southern Uplands fault) that runs from [[Girvan]] to [[Dunbar]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.undiscoveredscotland.co.uk/usscotfax/geo/index.html |title=Scotfax: Geography of Scotland on Undiscovered Scotland |publisher=Undiscoveredscotland.co.uk |accessdate=11 June 2009 |archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20080618144418/http://www.undiscoveredscotland.co.uk/usscotfax/geo/index.html |archivedate = 18 June 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.tiscali.co.uk/reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0029160.html |title=Southern Uplands |publisher=Tiscali.co.uk |date=16 November 1990 |accessdate=11 June 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/scotland/education/bitesize/standard/other/sos/geography/physical/answerphysical_59.shtml |title=Education Scotland – Standard Grade Bitesize Revision – Ask a Teacher – Geography – Physical – Question From PN |publisher=BBC |accessdate=11 June 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Scotland Today » ITKT&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.intheknowtraveler.com/1144 |title=Scotland Today &quot; ITKT |publisher=Intheknowtraveler.com |date=28 December 2006 |accessdate=11 June 2009 |archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20070106204251/http://www.intheknowtraveler.com/1144 |archivedate = 6 January 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt; The geological foundations largely comprise [[Silurian]] deposits laid down some 4–500&amp;nbsp;million years ago. The high point of the Southern Uplands is [[Merrick, Galloway|Merrick]] with an elevation of {{convert|843|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}.&lt;ref name=Keay&gt;Keay, J. &amp; Keay, J. (1994) ''Collins Encyclopaedia of Scotland''. London. HarperCollins.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Murray, W.H. (1973) ''The Islands of Western Scotland''. London. Eyre Methuen ISBN 978-0-413-30380-6&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Murray, W.H. (1968) ''The Companion Guide to the West Highlands of Scotland''. London. Collins. ISBN 0-00-211135-7&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Johnstone, Scott ''et al.'' (1990) ''The Corbetts and Other Scottish Hills''. Edinburgh. Scottish Mountaineering Trust. Page 9.&lt;/ref&gt; The Southern Uplands is home to the UK's highest village, [[Wanlockhead]] ({{convert|430|m|ft|0|abbr=on|disp=s}} above sea level).&lt;ref name=&quot;Scotland Today » ITKT&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Climate===<br /> {{Main|Climate of Scotland}}<br /> [[File:Tiree, Balephuil Bay.jpg|thumb|left|[[Tiree]], one of the sunniest locations in Scotland]]<br /> The climate of Scotland is [[temperate]] and [[oceanic climate|oceanic]], and tends to be very changeable. It is warmed by the [[Gulf Stream]] from the [[Atlantic Ocean|Atlantic]], and as such has much milder winters (but cooler, wetter summers) than areas on similar latitudes, for example [[Labrador]], southern [[Scandinavia]], the [[Moscow]] region in [[Russia]], or the [[Kamchatka Peninsula]] on the opposite side of [[Eurasia]]. However, temperatures are generally lower than in the rest of the UK, with the coldest ever UK temperature of {{convert|-27.2|°C|°F|2}} recorded at [[Braemar]] in the [[Grampian Mountains (Scotland)|Grampian Mountains]], on 11 February 1895.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.bbc.co.uk/weather/features/understanding/uk_records.shtml BBC Weather: UK Records]{{dead link|date=February 2012}} BBC.co.uk. Retrieved 21 September 2007. The same temperature was also recorded In Braemar on 10 January 1982 and at [[Altnaharra]], [[Highland (council area)|Highland]], on 30 December 1995.&lt;/ref&gt; Winter maximums average {{convert|6|°C|°F|1}} in the lowlands, with summer maximums averaging {{convert|18|°C|°F|1}}. The highest temperature recorded was {{convert|32.9|°C|°F|2}} at [[Greycrook]], [[Scottish Borders]] on 9 August 2003.&lt;ref name=Metext&gt;[http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate/uk/extremes/ &quot;Weather extremes&quot;] Met Office. Retrieved 20 April 2010.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In general, the west of Scotland is usually warmer than the east, owing to the influence of Atlantic [[ocean currents]] and the colder surface temperatures of the [[North Sea]]. [[Tiree]], in the [[Inner Hebrides]], is one of the sunniest places in the country: it had more than 300 hours of sunshine in May 1975.&lt;ref name=Metext/&gt; Rainfall varies widely across Scotland. The western highlands of Scotland are the wettest place, with annual rainfall exceeding {{convert|3000|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate/uk/ws/ &quot;Western Scotland: climate&quot;] Met Office. Retrieved 20 April 2010.&lt;/ref&gt; In comparison, much of lowland Scotland receives less than {{convert|800|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} annually.&lt;ref name=Meteast&gt;[http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate/uk/es/ &quot;Eastern Scotland: climate&quot;] Met Office. Retrieved 20 April 2010.&lt;/ref&gt; Heavy snowfall is not common in the lowlands, but becomes more common with altitude. [[Braemar]] experiences an average of 59 snow days per year,&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.bbc.co.uk/weather/features/understanding/scotland_01.shtml Scottish Weather Part One]{{dead link|date=February 2012}} BBC.co.uk Retrieved 21 September 2007&lt;/ref&gt; while many coastal areas average fewer than 10 days of lying snow per annum.&lt;ref name=Meteast/&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Flora and fauna===<br /> {{Main|Fauna of Scotland|Flora of Scotland}}<br /> &lt;!-- Wikipedia has so far declined to provide a style for all species names. The main article (Fauna of Scotland) uses the convention of capitalising them. If you wish to change the style used here, discuss in advance on the talk page.--&gt;<br /> [[File:Mountain Hare Scotland.jpg|right|thumb|[[Mountain Hare]]]]<br /> Scotland's wildlife is typical of the north west of Europe, although several of the larger mammals such as the [[Eurasian Lynx|lynx]], [[Eurasian Brown Bear|brown bear]], [[Eurasian wolf|wolf]], [[Moose|elk]] and [[walrus]] were hunted to extinction in historic times. There are important populations of [[pinniped|seals]] and internationally significant nesting grounds for a variety of [[seabird]]s such as [[Northern Gannet|gannet]]s.&lt;ref&gt;[[Frank Fraser Darling|Fraser Darling]], F. &amp; Boyd, J.M. (1969) ''Natural History in the Highlands and Islands.'' London. Bloomsbury.&lt;/ref&gt; The [[golden eagle]] is something of a national icon.&lt;ref&gt;Benvie, Neil (2004) ''Scotland's Wildlife''. London. Aurum Press. ISBN 1-85410-978-2 p. 12.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> On the high mountain tops species including [[rock ptarmigan|ptarmigan]], [[mountain hare]] and [[stoat]] can be seen in their white colour phase during winter months.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.cairngorms.co.uk/resource/docs/publications/CNPA.Paper.225.State%20of%20the%20Park%20Report%20-%20Chapter%202%20Natural%20Resources.pdf &quot;State of the Park Report. Chapter 2: Natural Resources&quot;](pdf) (2006) Cairngorms National Park Authority. Retrieved 14 October 2007.&lt;/ref&gt; Remnants of the native [[Scots pine]] forest exist&lt;ref&gt;Preston, C.D., Pearman, D.A., &amp; Dines, T.D. (2002) ''New Atlas of the British and Irish Flora''. [[Oxford University Press]].&lt;/ref&gt; and within these areas the [[Scottish crossbill]], the UK's only [[endemism|endemic]] bird species and [[vertebrate]], can be found alongside [[capercaillie]], [[wildcat]], [[red squirrel]] and [[pine marten]].&lt;ref&gt;Gooders, J. (1994) ''Field Guide to the Birds of Britain and Ireland''. London. Kingfisher.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Matthews, L.H. (1968) ''British Mammals''. London. Bloomsbury.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/?id=kxlN8YJQWQsC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq=future+nature:+a+vision+for+conservation#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false<br /> |title=Future nature:a vision for conservation|author=WM Adams|page=30|accessdate=10 January 2011|isbn=978-1-85383-998-6|year=2003}}&lt;/ref&gt; In recent years various animals have been re-introduced, including the [[White-tailed Eagle|white-tailed sea eagle]] in 1975, the [[red kite]] in the 1980s,&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.rspb.org.uk/ourwork/conservation/projects/eastscotlandeagles/index.asp &quot;East Scotland Sea Eagles&quot;]{{dead link|date=July 2011}} RSPB. Retrieved 5 December 2009.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news | last = Ross | first = John | date = 29 December 2006 | title = Mass slaughter of the red kites |work=The Scotsman |location=UK | location = Edinburgh}}&lt;/ref&gt; and more recently there have been experimental projects involving the [[European beaver|beaver]] and [[wild boar]].&lt;ref&gt;Ross, David (26 November 2009) &quot;Wild Boar: our new eco warriors&quot; ''The Herald.'' Glasgow.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;BBC News&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title =Beavers return after 400-year gap|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/glasgow_and_west/8072443.stm|date=29 May 2009|publisher=BBC News|accessdate=5 December 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The flora of the country is varied incorporating both [[deciduous]] and [[coniferous]] woodland and [[moorland]] and [[tundra]] species. However, large scale commercial tree planting and the management of upland moorland habitat for the grazing of sheep and commercial field sport activities impacts upon the distribution of [[indigenous (ecology)|indigenous]] plants and animals.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.snh.org.uk/pdfs/publications/commissioned_reports/f01as01.pdf ''Integrated Upland Management for Wildlife, Field Sports, Agriculture &amp; Public Enjoyment''] (pdf) (September 1999) [[Scottish Natural Heritage]]. Retrieved 14 October 2007.&lt;/ref&gt; The UK's tallest tree is a [[Abies grandis|grand fir]] planted beside [[Loch Fyne]], Argyll in the 1870s, and the [[Fortingall Yew]] may be 5,000 years old and is probably the oldest living thing in Europe.&lt;ref&gt;[http://web.archive.org/web/20070927152325/http://www.treefestscotland.org.uk/forestry/INFD-6UFC5F &quot;The Fortingall Yew&quot;] Forestry Commission. Retrieved 24 June 2007.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.forestry.gov.uk/newsrele.nsf/WebPressReleases/3EEE4838BED1F155802570D8003965E9 &quot;Scotland remains home to Britain's tallest tree as Dughall Mor reaches new heights&quot;] Forestry Commission. Retrieved 26 April 2008.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Copping, Jasper (4 June 2011) [http://www.telegraph.co.uk/earth/countryside/8557126/Britains-record-breaking-trees-identified.html &quot;Britain's record-breaking trees identified&quot;] London. ''The Telegraph''. Retrieved 10 July 2011.&lt;/ref&gt; Although the number of native [[vascular plant]]s is low by world standards, Scotland's substantial [[bryophyte]] flora is of global importance.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.snh.org.uk/publications/on-line/naturallyscottish/mossesliverworts/whyscotland.asp &quot;Why Scotland has so many mosses and liverworts&quot;] SNH. Retrieved 14 May 2008.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=RBGE&gt;[http://www.rbge.org.uk/science/cryptogamic-plants-and-fungi/bryology &quot;Bryology (mosses, liverworts and hornworts)&quot;] [[Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh]]. Retrieved 15 May 2008.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Economy and infrastructure==<br /> {{Main|Economy of Scotland}}<br /> [[File:Oil platform in the North SeaPros.jpg|thumb|left|A [[drilling rig]] located in the [[North Sea]]]]<br /> Scotland has a western style [[open economy|open]] [[mixed economy]] that is closely linked with the rest of Europe and the wider world. Traditionally, the Scottish economy has been dominated by [[heavy industry]] underpinned by the [[shipbuilding]] in Glasgow, coal mining and [[steel making|steel industries]]. Petroleum related industries associated with the extraction of [[North Sea oil]] have also been important employers from the 1970s, especially in the north east of Scotland.<br /> <br /> De-industrialisation during the 1970s and 1980s saw a shift from a manufacturing focus towards a more [[Tertiary sector of economic activity|service]]-oriented economy. [[Edinburgh]] is the financial services centre of Scotland and the sixth largest [[financial centre]] in Europe in terms of funds under management, behind London, Paris, [[Frankfurt]], Zurich and [[Amsterdam]],&lt;ref name=Milner&gt;{{cite news |author=Milner M. and Treanor J. |url = http://www.guardian.co.uk/Scotland/Story/0,,205573,00.html |title = Devolution may broaden financial sector's view |work=The Guardian |date = 2 June 1999 |accessdate =8 August 2006 | location=London}}&lt;/ref&gt; with many large finance firms based there, including: [[Lloyds Banking Group]] (owners of the [[Halifax Bank of Scotland]]); the Government owned [[Royal Bank of Scotland]] and [[Standard Life]].<br /> <br /> [[File:Windmills and Ailsa Craig aka Paddy's Milestone rotated.jpg|thumb|right|View from windfarm towards Clyde's best known landmark, [[Ailsa Craig]]. Renewable Energy is a large factor in modern day Scottish economy.]]<br /> <br /> In 2005, total Scottish exports (excluding intra-UK trade) were provisionally estimated to be £17.5&amp;nbsp;billion, of which 70% (£12.2&amp;nbsp;billion) were attributable to manufacturing.&lt;ref name=&quot;Trade&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Resource/Doc/933/0020661.pdf |format=PDF|title=Global Connections Survey |publisher=Scottish Executive |accessdate=3 December 2006}}{{dead link|date=July 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Scotland's primary exports include [[whisky]], electronics and financial services. The United States, Netherlands, Germany, France and Spain constitute the country's major export markets.&lt;ref name=&quot;Trade&quot;/&gt; Scotland's Gross Domestic Product (GDP), including oil and gas produced in Scottish waters, was estimated at £137.5 billion for the calendar year 2009.&lt;ref name=SNAP_GDP /&gt; If Scotland became independent, it would hold 90% of the UK's current oil and gas reserves if they were split geographically using a median line from the English-Scottish border. If the reserves were to be split by population, that figure would be reduced to 9%.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url:http://www.guardian.co.uk/politics/reality-check-with-polly-curtis/2012/mar/02/oil-revenues-if-scotland-became-independent&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Tourism is widely recognised as a key contributor to the Scottish economy. A briefing published in 2002 by the Scottish Parliament Information Centre, (SPICe), for the Scottish Parliament's Enterprise and Life Long Learning Committee, stated that tourism accounted for up to 5% of GDP and 7.5% of employment.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=The Economics of Tourism|url=http://www.scottish.parliament.uk/business/research/pdf_res_brief/sb02-97.pdf|format=PDF|publisher=SPICe|accessdate=22 October 2007|year=2002}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> As of May 2009 the unemployment rate in Scotland stood at 6.6%— slightly lower than the UK average and lower than that of the majority of EU countries.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.scottish.parliament.uk/business/research/briefings-09/SB09-45.pdf |title=Unemployment – March&amp;nbsp;2009 |format=PDF |accessdate=8 July 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Scottish Government's most recent figures (for 2009/10) suggest that Scotland's finances are in a healthier state than for the UK as a whole, with Scotland contributing 9.4% of UK taxes but receiving 9.3% of public expenditure.&lt;ref&gt;[http://breakingnews.heraldscotland.com/breaking-news/?mode=article&amp;site=et&amp;id=N0089911308739726965A Scottish budget 'stronger than UK'] The Herald, 22 June 2011&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Currency===<br /> {{Main|Banknotes of the pound sterling#Scotland}}<br /> Although the [[Bank of England]] is the [[central bank]] for the UK, three Scottish [[clearing banks]] still issue their own [[Pound sterling|Sterling]] [[banknote]]s: the [[Bank of Scotland]]; the [[Royal Bank of Scotland]]; and the [[Clydesdale Bank]]. The current value of the Scottish banknotes in circulation is £1.5&amp;nbsp;billion.&lt;ref name=&quot;Banknotes&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.scotbanks.org.uk/banknote_history.php |title=Banknote History |publisher=Scottish Clearing Banks |accessdate=26 October 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Transport===<br /> {{Main|Transport in Scotland}}<br /> [[File:Barra-Airport-Canthusus.JPG|thumb|left|A [[Loganair]] [[Twin Otter]] at [[Barra Airport (Scotland)|Barra Airport]], the only airport worldwide using a beach runway for scheduled services&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Barra Airport Today|url=http://hial.rippleffect.com/barra-airport/about-us/barra-airport-today/|work=Barra Airport|publisher=Highlands and Islands Airports|accessdate=19 September 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;]] Scotland has five main [[international airports]] ([[Glasgow International Airport|Glasgow International]], [[Edinburgh International Airport|Edinburgh]], [[Aberdeen Airport|Aberdeen]], [[Glasgow Prestwick Airport|Glasgow Prestwick]] and [[Inverness Airport|Inverness]]), which together serve 150 international destinations with a wide variety of scheduled and [[chartered flights]].&lt;ref&gt;''The Scotsman'' 27 March 2007. &quot;Special Report—Business Class&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; GIP operates Edinburgh airport and BAA Operates,(Aberdeen and Glasgow International), and [[Highlands and Islands Airports Limited|Highland and Islands Airports]] operates 11 regional airports, including Inverness, which serve the more remote locations.&lt;ref name=&quot;HIAL&quot;&gt;[http://www.hial.co.uk/ &quot;Highlands and Islands Airports – Airport Information&quot;] Highlands and Islands Airports Limited. Retrieved 26 September 2007.&lt;/ref&gt; [[Infratil]] operates Glasgow Prestwick.<br /> <br /> The Scottish motorways and major [[trunk roads]] are managed by [[Transport Scotland]]. The remainder of the road network is managed by the [[Scottish local authorities]] in each of their areas. Regular ferry services operate between the Scottish mainland and many [[Scottish island|islands]]. These ferries are mostly run by [[Caledonian MacBrayne]], but some are operated by local councils. Other ferry routes, served by multiple companies, connect to [[Northern Ireland]], Belgium, Norway, the [[Faroe Islands]] and also [[Iceland]]. [[Network Rail|Network Rail Infrastructure Limited]] owns and operates the fixed infrastructure assets of the railway system in Scotland, while the [[Scottish Government]] retains overall responsibility for rail strategy and funding in Scotland.&lt;ref name=&quot;Office of Rail Regulation&quot;&gt;[http://www.rail-reg.gov.uk/upload/pdf/238.pdf &quot;Disaggregating Network Rail's expenditure and revenue allowance and future price control framework: a consultation (June 2005)&quot;] [[Office of Rail Regulation]]. Retrieved on 2 November 2007.&lt;/ref&gt; Scotland’s rail network has around 340 railway stations and 3000 kilometres of track. Over 62&amp;nbsp;million passenger journeys are made each year.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.transportscotland.gov.uk/rail Transport Scotland – Rail] www.transportscotland.gov.uk Retrieved 10 July 2008&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Image:Edinburgh Airport 1.jpg|thumb|right|200px|One of Scotland's busiest airports, [[Edinburgh Airport]]]]<br /> <br /> Scotland's rail network is managed by [[Transport Scotland]].&lt;ref name=&quot;TRANSSCOT&quot;&gt;[http://www.transportscotland.gov.uk/defaultpage1221cde0.aspx?pageID=30 &quot;Rail&quot;] Transport Scotland. Retrieved 26 September 2007.&lt;/ref&gt; The [[East Coast Main Line|East Coast]] and [[West Coast Main Line|West Coast]] main railway lines connect the major cities and towns of Scotland with each other and with the rail network in England. Domestic rail services within Scotland are operated by [[First ScotRail]]. During the time of [[British Rail]] the West Coast Main Line from [[London Euston]] to [[Glasgow Central railway station|Glasgow Central]] was electrified in the early 1970s followed by the East Coast Main Line in the late 1980s. [[British Rail]] created the [[ScotRail]] brand. When [[British Rail]] existed many railway lines in Strathclyde were electrified with Strathclyde Passenger Transport Executive being at the forefront with the acclaimed: &quot;The Largest electrified rail network outside London.&quot; Some parts of the network are electrified, but there are no electrified lines in the Highlands, Angus, Aberdeenshire, the cities of Dundee or Aberdeen, or Perth &amp; Kinross, and none of the Islands have a rail link.<br /> <br /> In addition, Glasgow has had a small integrated subway system since 1896. Completely gutted and modernised between 1977 and 1980, its 15 stations serve just under 40,000 passengers per day. There are plans to extensively refurbish the system in time for the 2014 [[Commonwealth Games]].<br /> <br /> The East Coast Main Line crosses the [[Firth of Forth]] by the [[Forth Bridge (railway)|Forth Bridge]]. Completed in 1890, this [[cantilever bridge]] has been described as &quot;the one internationally recognised Scottish landmark&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;Keay, J. &amp; Keay, J. (1994) ''Collins Encyclopaedia of Scotland''. London. HarperCollins.ISBN 0-00-255082-2&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Demography==<br /> {{Main|Demography of Scotland}}<br /> {{See also|Languages of Scotland|Religion in Scotland|Scottish people}}<br /> [[File:Edinburgh Castle and Waverley Station.jpg|thumb|[[Edinburgh]], Scotland's capital and second-largest city]]<br /> The population of Scotland in the 2001 Census was 5,062,011. This has risen to 5,222,100 according to June 2010 estimates.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.gro-scotland.gov.uk/files2/stats/annual-review-09/rgar2009.pdf|title= Scotland's Population 2009 |date=6 August 2010 |publisher=General Register Office for Scotland |page=9|accessdate=8 January 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; This would make Scotland the 113th largest [[List of countries by population|country by population]] if it were a sovereign state. Although [[Edinburgh]] is the capital of Scotland it is not the largest city. With a population of just over 584,000, this honour falls to [[Glasgow]]. The [[Greater Glasgow]] conurbation, with a population of almost 1.2&amp;nbsp;million, is home to nearly a quarter of Scotland's population.&lt;ref&gt;[http://rampantscotland.com/know/blknow_cities.htm &quot;Did You Know?—Scotland's Cities&quot;] rampantscotland.com Retrieved 26 September 2007.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The [[Central Belt]] is where most of the main towns and cities are located. Glasgow is to the west, while [[Edinburgh]] and [[Dundee]] lie on the east coast, with [[Perth, Scotland|Perth]] (its city status restored in 2012) lying 20 miles upstream on the River Tay from Dundee. Scotland's only major city outside the Central Belt is [[Aberdeen]], on the east coast to the north. The Highlands are sparsely populated, although the city of [[Inverness]] has experienced rapid growth in recent years.<br /> <br /> In general only the more accessible and larger islands retain human populations, and fewer than 90 are currently inhabited. The Southern Uplands are essentially rural in nature and dominated by agriculture and forestry.&lt;ref&gt;Clapperton, C.M. (ed) (1983) ''Scotland: A New Study''. London. David &amp; Charles.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Miller, J. (2004) ''Inverness''. Edinburgh. Birlinn. ISBN 978-1-84158-296-2&lt;/ref&gt; Because of housing problems in Glasgow and Edinburgh, five [[New town#United Kingdom|new towns]] were created between 1947 and 1966. They are [[East Kilbride]], [[Glenrothes]], [[Livingston, West Lothian|Livingston]], [[Cumbernauld]], and [[Irvine, North Ayrshire|Irvine]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.bbc.co.uk/scotland/education/as/sixties/standard/rural/new_towns.shtml &quot;New Towns&quot;] BBC Scotland. Retrieved 24 July 2007.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [[File:Scotland population cartogram.png|thumb|left|Scotland population cartogram. The size of councils is in proportion to their population. The darker colour the bigger is the real area of a council.]]<br /> Following immigration since World War II, Glasgow, Edinburgh, and Dundee have small South Asian communities.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.urdustan.net/2004/11/scotland-speaks-urdu.html &quot;Scotland speaks Urdu&quot;] (2004)Urdustan.net. Retrieved 26 September 2007.&lt;/ref&gt; As of 2001, there were an estimated 31,793 [[Pakistan|Pakistanis]] living in Scotland, making them the single largest non-White ethnic group.&lt;ref&gt;http://www.scotlandagainstracism.com/onescotland/25.1.8.html&lt;/ref&gt; Since the recent [[Enlargement of the European Union]] more people from [[Central Europe|Central]] and Eastern Europe have moved to Scotland, and it is estimated that between 40,000 and 50,000 [[Poles]] now live there.&lt;ref&gt;''The Pole Position'' (6 August 2005). Glasgow. Sunday Herald newspaper.&lt;/ref&gt; The ethnic groups within Scotland are as follows: White, 97.99%; South Asian, 1.09%; Black, 0.16%; Mixed, 0.25%; Chinese, 0.32% and Other, 0.19%. <br /> <br /> Scotland has three officially recognised languages: English, [[Scots language|Scots]], and [[Scottish Gaelic]]. Almost all Scots speak [[Scottish English]], and in 1996, the [[General Register Office for Scotland]] estimated that 30% of the population are [[fluency|fluent]] in [[Scots language|Scots]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.gro-scotland.gov.uk/files1/stats/tscrep.pdf| title = Scotland's Census 2001, Part 1: Census User Needs and Legislation | publisher=General Register Office for Scotland |accessdate =26 September 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt; Gaelic is mostly spoken in the [[Western Isles]], where a large proportion of people still speak it; however, nationally its use is confined to just 1% of the population.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www2.arts.gla.ac.uk/SESLL/STELLA/STARN/lang/GAELIC/focus.htm | title = A Century on the Census—Gaelic in Twentieth Century Focus | author=Dr. Kenneth MacKinnon | publisher=[[University of Glasgow]]|accessdate =26 September 2007 |archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20070905013846/http://www2.arts.gla.ac.uk/SESLL/STELLA/STARN/lang/GAELIC/focus.htm |archivedate = 5 September 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt; The number of Gaelic speakers in Scotland dropped from 250,000 – 7% of the population – in 1881 to 60,000 today.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[http://news.scotsman.com/gaelic/Can-TV39s-evolution-ignite-a.4494029.jp Can TV's evolution ignite a Gaelic revolution?]&quot;. Scotsman.com. 16 September 2008.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> There are many more people with Scottish ancestry living abroad than the total population of Scotland. In the 2000 Census, 9.2&amp;nbsp;million Americans self-reported some degree of [[Scottish American|Scottish]] descent.&lt;ref&gt;The [http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/QTTable?_bm=y&amp;-geo_id=01000US&amp;-qr_name=DEC_2000_SF3_U_QTP13&amp;-ds_name=DEC_2000_SF3_U&amp;-_lang=en&amp;-redoLog=false&amp;-_sse=on US Census 2000]. The [http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/ADPTable?_bm=y&amp;-geo_id=01000US&amp;-qr_name=ACS_2004_EST_G00_DP2&amp;-ds_name=ACS_2004_EST_G00_&amp;-_lang=en&amp;-_sse=on] American Community Survey 2004 by the US Census Bureau estimates 5,752,571 people claiming Scottish ancestry and 5,323,888 people claiming [[Ulster-Scots|Scotch-Irish]] ancestry.&lt;/ref&gt; [[Ulster]]'s Protestant population is mainly of lowland Scottish descent,&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[http://www.americanheritage.com/articles/magazine/ah/1970/1/1970_1_28.shtml The Scotch-Irish]{{dead link|date=July 2011}}&quot;. [[American Heritage Magazine]]. December 1970. Volume 22, Issue 1.&lt;/ref&gt; and it is estimated that there are more than 27&amp;nbsp;million descendants of the [[Ulster Scots people|Scots-Irish]] migration now living in the U.S.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.powells.com/biblio/1-9780767916899-1 |title=Born Fighting: How the Scots-Irish Shaped America |publisher=Powells.com |date=12 August 2009 |accessdate=30 April 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.nitakeacloserlook.gov.uk/index/american-connections/scots-irish.htm |title=Scots-Irish By Alister McReynolds, writer and lecturer in Ulster-Scots studies |publisher=Nitakeacloserlook.gov.uk |accessdate=30 April 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; In Canada, the [[Scottish-Canadian]] community accounts for 4.7&amp;nbsp;million people.&lt;ref name=&quot;cancensus&quot;&gt;[http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census06/data/highlights/ethnic/pages/Page.cfm?Lang=E&amp;Geo=PR&amp;Code=01&amp;Data=Count&amp;Table=2&amp;StartRec=1&amp;Sort=3&amp;Display=All&amp;CSDFilter=5000 2006 Canadian Census] gives a total of 4,719,850 respondents stating their ''ethnic origin'' as Scottish.&lt;/ref&gt; About 20% of the original European settler population of New Zealand came from Scotland.&lt;ref&gt;Linguistic Archaeology: The Scottish Input to [[New Zealand English]] Phonology Trudgill et al. Journal of English Linguistics.2003; 31: 103–124&lt;/ref&gt;{{clear}}<br /> <br /> In August 2012, the Scottish population had reached an all time high, reaching 5.25 million people&lt;ref&gt;http://www.thecourier.co.uk/News/article/24248/scotland-s-population-reaches-record-of-high-of-5-25-million.html&lt;/ref&gt;. The reason given was that in Scotland births were out numbering the number of Scottish deaths, and due to immigrants coming into Scotland from overseas. In 2011, 43,700 people moved from [[Wales]], [[Northern Ireland]] or [[England]] to live in Scotland&lt;ref&gt;http://www.thecourier.co.uk/News/article/24248/scotland-s-population-reaches-record-of-high-of-5-25-million.html&lt;/ref&gt;. <br /> <br /> {{Largest cities<br /> | name = Largest cities in Scotland <br /> | class = info<br /> | country = Scotland<br /> | stat_ref = [[General Register Office for Scotland]] 2010 estimate&lt;ref name=&quot;gro-scotland-mid2010-est.&quot;&gt;[http://www.gro-scotland.gov.uk/statistics/theme/population/estimates/special-area/settlements-localities/mid-2010/tables.html Mid-2010 Population Estimates for Settlements and Localities in Scotland], [[General Register Office for Scotland]]. Retrieved 6 September 2012.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | list_by_pop = List of towns and cities in Scotland by population <br /> | div_name = Council area<br /> | div_link = <br /> | city_1 = Glasgow | div_1 = Glasgow{{!}}Glasgow City | pop_1 = 589,900 | img_1 = GlasgowIn2011Rooftops.jpg<br /> | city_2 = Edinburgh | div_2 = City of Edinburgh | pop_2 = 468,720 | img_2 = Edinburgh Castle seen from Salisbury Crags.jpg<br /> | city_3 = Aberdeen | div_3 = Aberdeen City | pop_3 = 189,120 | img_3 = Aberdeen from Torry - geograph.org.uk - 1454885.jpg<br /> | city_4 = Dundee | div_4 = Dundee City | pop_4 = 144,170 | img_4 = Dundee night from Law 2194.jpg<br /> | city_5 = Paisley | div_5 = Renfrewshire | pop_5 = 74,570<br /> | city_6 = East Kilbride | div_6 = South Lanarkshire | pop_6 = 73,590<br /> | city_7 = Livingston, West Lothian{{!}}Livingston | div_7 = West Lothian | pop_7 = 55,070<br /> | city_8 = Hamilton, South Lanarkshire{{!}}Hamilton | div_8 = South Lanarkshire| pop_8 = 51,640<br /> | city_9 = Cumbernauld | div_9 = North Lanarkshire | pop_9 = 50,470<br /> | city_10 = Kirkcaldy | div_10 = Fife | pop_10 = 49,560<br /> | city_11 = Dunfermline | div_11 = Fife | pop_11 = 48,240<br /> | city_12 = Ayr | div_12 = South Ayrshire | pop_12 = 46,060<br /> | city_13 = Perth, Scotland{{!}}Perth | div_13 = Perth and Kinross | pop_13 = 45,770<br /> | city_14 = Inverness | div_14 = Highland (council area){{!}}Highland | pop_14 = 45,050<br /> | city_15 = Kilmarnock| div_15 = East Ayrshire | pop_15 = 44,830<br /> | city_16 = Greenock| div_16 = Inverclyde | pop_16 = 43,450<br /> | city_17 = Coatbridge| div_17 = North Lanarkshire | pop_17 = 41,610<br /> | city_18 = Glenrothes| div_18 = Fife | pop_18 = 38,940<br /> | city_19 = Airdrie, North Lanarkshire{{!}}Airdrie| div_19 = North Lanarkshire | pop_19 = 35,950<br /> | city_20 = Falkirk | div_20 = Falkirk (council area){{!}}Falkirk | pop_20 = 35,170<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ===Education===<br /> {{Main|Education in Scotland}}<br /> [[File:University of Glasgow Gilbert Scott Building - Feb 2008-2.jpg|thumb|right|[[George Gilbert Scott|Gilbert Scott]] Building, [[University of Glasgow]]]]<br /> The Scottish education system has always remained distinct from that of the rest of United Kingdom, with a characteristic emphasis on a [[Liberal education|broad education]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = A Guide to Education and Training in Scotland – &quot;the broad education long regarded as characteristic of Scotland&quot; | url = http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2003/03/16743/19914|publisher=Scottish Government | accessdate =18 October 2007}}{{dead link|date=July 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Scotland was the first country since [[Sparta]] in [[classical Greece]] to implement a system of general [[public education]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Intro to Scottish Education&quot;/&gt; Schooling was made compulsory for the first time in Scotland with the [[Education Act 1496|Education Act of 1496]]; then, in 1561, the [[Church of Scotland]] set out a national programme for spiritual reform, including a school in every parish. Education continued to be a matter for the church rather than the state until the [[Elementary Education Act 1870|Education Act (1872)]].&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Schools and schooling&quot; in M. Lynch (ed.), ''The Oxford Companion to Scottish History'', (Oxford, 2001), pp. 561–563.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The &quot;[[Curriculum for Excellence]]&quot; provides the curricular framework for children and young people from age 3 to 18.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = Curriculum for Excellence – Aims, Purposes and Principles|url = http://www.ltscotland.org.uk/curriculumforexcellence/index.asp|publisher=Scottish Government}}&lt;/ref&gt; All 3- and 4-year-old children in Scotland are entitled to a free nursery place. Formal primary education begins at approximately 5 years old and lasts for 7 years (P1–P7); today, children in Scotland study [[Standard Grades]], or more recently [[Intermediate 1|Intermediate]] qualifications between the ages of 14 and 16. The school leaving age is 16, after which students may choose to remain at school and study for [[Access exams|Access]], [[Intermediate exams|Intermediate]] or [[Higher Grade]] and [[Advanced Higher (Scottish)|Advanced Higher]] qualifications. A small number of students at certain private, [[Independent school (UK)|independent schools]] may follow the [[Education in England|English system]] and study towards [[GCSE]]s and [[Advanced Level (UK)|A]] and [[Advanced Level (UK)|AS-Levels]] instead.&lt;ref&gt;[http://web.archive.org/web/20070818211245/http://www.scis.org.uk/genInfo/genInfo_scott_exam.html &quot;The Scottish Exam System&quot;] Scottish Council of Independent Schools. Retrieved 26 September 2007.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> There are 15 [[Scottish universities]], some of which are amongst the [[List of oldest universities in continuous operation|oldest in the world]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = Welcome to the Carnegie Trust for the Universities of Scotland | url = http://www.carnegie-trust.org/what_we_do.htm|publisher=Carnegie Trust for the Universities of Scotland | accessdate =18 October 2007 | archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20071011070532/http://www.carnegie-trust.org/what_we_do.htm &lt;!--Added by H3llBot--&gt; | archivedate = 11 October 2007 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = Understanding Scottish Qualifications | url =http://www.sac.ac.uk/learning/prospective/international/ireland/IrelandScotsqual|publisher=Scottish Agricultural College | accessdate =18 October 2007 }}&lt;/ref&gt; These include the [[University of St Andrews]], the [[University of Glasgow]], the [[University of Aberdeen]], the [[University of Edinburgh]], [[Heriot-Watt University]], [[Robert Gordon University]], and the [[University of Dundee]]—many of which are ranked amongst the best in the UK.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/education/table/2008/dec/18/rae-2008-results-uk-universities |title=RAE 2008: results for UK universities &amp;#124; Education &amp;#124; guardian.co.uk |work=The Guardian |date=18 December 2008 |accessdate=11 June 2009 | location=London}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://extras.timesonline.co.uk/tol_gug/gooduniversityguide.php |title=The Times Good University Guide 2009 – league table |work=The Times |accessdate=30 April 2010 | location=London | first=Patrick | last=Foster}}&lt;/ref&gt; The country produces 1% of the world's [[Academic publishing|published research]] with less than 0.1% of the world's population, and higher education institutions account for 9% of Scotland's service sector exports.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = A Framework for Higher Education in Scotland: Higher Education Review Phase 2 | url = http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2003/03/16786/20354|publisher=Scottish Government | accessdate =18 October 2007 }}{{dead link|date=July 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = What is higher education? | url = http://www.universities-scotland.ac.uk/Facts%20and%20Figures/HigherEducation.pdf|format=PDF|publisher=Universities Scotland | accessdate =18 October 2007 |archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20060930111131/http://www.universities-scotland.ac.uk/Facts+and+Figures/HigherEducation.pdf |archivedate = 30 September 2006}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> Scotland's University Courts are the only bodies in Scotland authorised to award degrees.<br /> <br /> Scotland's Universities are complemented in the provision of Further and Higher Education by 43 Colleges. Colleges offer National Certificates, Higher National Certificates and Higher National Diplomas. These Group Awards, alongside Scottish Vocational Qualifications, aim to ensure that Scotland's population has the appropriate skills and knowledge to meet the needs of the workplace.<br /> <br /> Scotland's regulatory body for qualifications is SQA Accreditation. Scotland's Qualifications are mapped on the SCQF (Scottish Credit and Qualifications Framework). The SCQF provides a language to help understand the complexity and size of qualifications, ranging from Access 1 (SCQF Level 1) to Doctorates (SCQF Level 12).{http://www.scqf.org.uk/}<br /> <br /> ===Religion===<br /> {{Main|Religion in Scotland}}<br /> [[File:Iona Abbey.jpg|thumb|left|[[Iona Abbey]] an early centre of Scottish Christianity]]<br /> Just over two-thirds (67%) of the Scottish population reported having a religion in 2001, with Christianity representing all but 2% of these.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2005/02/20757/53570 Analysis of Religion in the 2001 Census: Summary Report]{{dead link|date=July 2011}} scotland.gov.uk. Retrieved 27 November 2008.&lt;/ref&gt; By contrast, 28% of the population reported having no religious adherence.<br /> <br /> Since the [[Scottish Reformation]] of 1560, the [[national church]] (the [[Church of Scotland]], also known as [[Kirk|The Kirk]]) has been Protestant and [[Reformed theology|Reformed]] in theology. Since 1689 it has had a [[Presbyterian]] system of church government, and enjoys independence from the state.&lt;ref name=Keay/&gt; About 12% of the population are currently members of the Church of Scotland, with 40% claiming affinity. The Church operates a territorial parish structure, with every community in Scotland having a local congregation.<br /> <br /> Scotland also has a significant [[Roman Catholic Church in Scotland|Roman Catholic]] population, 19% claiming that faith, particularly in the west.&lt;ref&gt;Andrew Collier, &quot;Scotland's Confident Catholics,&quot; ''[[The Tablet]]'' 10 January 2009, 16.&lt;/ref&gt; After the Reformation, [[Roman Catholicism in Scotland]] continued in the [[Scottish Highlands|Highlands]] and some western islands like [[Uist]] and [[Barra]], and it was strengthened during the 19th century by immigration from Ireland. Other Christian denominations in Scotland include the [[Free Church of Scotland (post 1900)|Free Church of Scotland]], various other Presbyterian offshoots, and the [[Scottish Episcopal Church]].<br /> <br /> Islam is the largest non-Christian religion (estimated at around 40,000, which is less than 0.9% of the population),&lt;ref name=&quot;GROSCOT&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.gro-scotland.gov.uk/press/news2005/analysis-of-religion-in-the-2001-census.html | publisher=General Register Office for Scotland |title = Analysis of Religion in the 2001 Census|accessdate =26 September 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt; and there are also significant [[History of the Jews in Scotland|Jewish]], [[Hinduism in Scotland|Hindu]] and [[Sikh]] communities, especially in Glasgow.&lt;ref name=&quot;GROSCOT&quot;/&gt; The [[Samyé Ling]] monastery near [[Eskdalemuir]], which celebrated its 40th anniversary in 2007, includes the largest [[Buddhism|Buddhist]] temple in western Europe.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.buddhistchannel.tv/index.php?id=3,4102,0,0,1,0 &quot;In the Scottish Lowlands, Europe's first Buddhist monastery turns 40&quot;] The Buddhist Channel. Retrieved 24 June 2007.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Health care===<br /> {{Main|Healthcare in Scotland}}<br /> [[Healthcare in Scotland]] is mainly provided by [[NHS Scotland]], Scotland's public health care system. This was founded by the [[National Health Service (Scotland) Act 1947]] (later repealed by the National Health Service (Scotland) Act 1978) that took effect on 5 July 1948 to coincide with the launch of the NHS in England and Wales. However, even prior to 1948, half of Scotland's landmass was already covered by state funded health care, provided by the [[Highlands and Islands Medical Service]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.60yearsofnhsscotland.co.uk/history/birth-of-nhs-scotland/highlands-and-islands-medical-service.html Highlands and Islands Medical Service (HIMS)] www.60yearsofnhsscotland.co.uk. Retrieved 28 July 2008.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 2008, the NHS in Scotland had around 158,000 staff including more than 47,500 nurses, midwives and health visitors and over 3,800 consultants. In addition, there are also more than 12,000 doctors, family practitioners and allied health professionals, including dentists, opticians and community pharmacists, who operate as independent contractors providing a range of services within the NHS in return for fees and allowances. These fees and allowances have been removed as of May 2010, prescriptions are entirely free, (dentists and opticians are chareable if the household you stay in is making over a certain amount) (the amount is within the region of £30,000 per annum)&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.show.scot.nhs.uk/introduction.aspx About the NHS in Scotland] NHS Scotland&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Healthcare policy and funding is the responsibility of the [[Scottish Government]]'s [[Scottish Government Health Directorates|Health Directorates]]. The current [[Cabinet Secretary for Health and Wellbeing]] is [[Nicola Sturgeon]] and the Director-General (DG) Health and Chief Executive, NHS Scotland is Derek Feeley.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| title=Strategic Board of the Scottish Government | url=http://www.scotland.gov.uk/About/Strategic-Board | publisher=[[Scottish Government]] | accessdate=1 January 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Military==<br /> {{Main|Military of Scotland}}<br /> [[File:ScotHackles.jpg|thumb|right|Soldiers of the five regular battalions of the [[Royal Regiment of Scotland]]]]<br /> Although Scotland has a long military tradition that predates the [[Treaty of Union]] with England, its [[armed force]]s now form part of the [[British Armed Forces]], with the notable exception of the [[Atholl Highlanders]], Europe's only legal private army. In 2006, the infantry regiments of the [[Scottish Division]] were amalgamated to form the [[Royal Regiment of Scotland]]. Other distinctively Scottish regiments in the [[British Army]] include the [[Scots Guards]], the [[Royal Scots Dragoon Guards]] and the [[Scottish Transport Regiment]], a Territorial Army Regiment of the [[Royal Logistic Corps]].<br /> <br /> Because of their [[topography]] and perceived remoteness, parts of Scotland have housed many sensitive defence establishments, with mixed public feelings.&lt;ref&gt;The large number of military bases in Scotland has led some to use the euphemism &quot;Fortress Scotland&quot;. See Spaven, Malcolm (1983) ''Fortress Scotland''. London. Pluto Press in association with Scottish CND.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/6186213.stm &quot;Pensioner, 94, in nuclear protest&quot;] BBC.co.uk. Retrieved 29 July 2007.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/4083933.stm &quot;Reprieve for RAF Lossiemouth base&quot;] BBC.co.uk. Retrieved 29 July 2007.&lt;/ref&gt; Between 1960 and 1991, the [[Holy Loch]] was a base for the U.S. fleet of [[Polaris ballistic missile|Polaris]] [[ballistic missile submarine]]s.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.argyllonline.co.uk/index.asp?id=206 &quot;Dunoon and the US Navy&quot;] Argyll online. Retrieved 29 July 2007.&lt;/ref&gt; Today, Her Majesty's Naval Base [[HMNB Clyde|Clyde]], {{convert|25|mi|km|abbr=off}} north west of Glasgow, is the base for the four [[Trident missiles|Trident]]-armed [[Vanguard class submarine|''Vanguard'' class]] [[ballistic missile submarine]]s that comprise the [[Nuclear weapons and the United Kingdom|UK's nuclear deterrent]]. [[Scapa Flow]] was the major [[British Grand Fleet|Fleet]] base for the [[Royal Navy]] until 1956.<br /> <br /> Two frontline [[Royal Air Force]] bases are also located in Scotland. These are [[RAF Leuchars]] and [[RAF Lossiemouth]], the last of which is the most northerly air defence [[fighter aircraft|fighter]] base in the United Kingdom. A third, [[RAF Kinloss]] will be closed as an RAF unit in 2013–14. RAF Leuchars is due to be turned into an army barracks, ending the RAF's connection in [[Fife]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.heraldscotland.com/news/home-news/scotland-to-get-new-army-barracks-at-kinloss-base-1.1112630 &quot;Scotland to get new Army barracks at Kinloss base&quot;], ''The Herald'', 18 July 2011, Kate Devlin and Michael Settle&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The only open-air live [[depleted uranium]] weapons test range in the British Isles is located near [[Dundrennan Range|Dundrennan]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/1179662.stm &quot;DU shell test-firing resumes&quot;] ''BBC Scotland News'', 21 February 2001. Retrieved 13 September 2006.&lt;/ref&gt; As a result, over 7,000 radioactive munitions lie on the seabed of the [[Solway Firth]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200001/cmhansrd/vo010207/debtext/10207-35.htm Depleted Uranium (Shelling)] Parliament of the United Kingdom: Science and Technology Committee—Debates 7 February 2001. Hansard. Retrieved 26 September 2007&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Culture==<br /> {{Main|Culture of Scotland}}<br /> {{See also|Scottish people|Music of Scotland|Scottish literature|Scottish art|Media of Scotland|Scottish cuisine}}<br /> [[File:Bagpipe performer.jpg|thumb|left|upright|A Pipe Major playing the [[Great Highland Bagpipe]]]]<br /> [[Scottish music]] is a significant aspect of the nation's culture, with both traditional and modern influences. A famous traditional Scottish instrument is the [[Great Highland Bagpipe]], a wind instrument consisting of three drones and a melody pipe (called the chanter), which are fed continuously by a reservoir of air in a bag. [[Pipe Band|Bagpipe band]]s, featuring bagpipes and various types of drums, and showcasing Scottish music styles while creating new ones, have spread throughout the world. The [[clàrsach]] (harp), [[Musical styles (violin)#Fiddle|fiddle]] and [[accordion]] are also traditional Scottish instruments, the latter two heavily featured in [[Scottish country dance]] bands. Today, there are many successful Scottish bands and individual artists in varying styles including [[Runrig]], [[Susan Boyle]], [[Cocteau Twins]], [[Franz Ferdinand (band)|Franz Ferdinand]] and [[Texas (band)|Texas]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.list.co.uk/article/2658-belle-sebastian-revealed-as-best-scottish-band-of-all-time/ | title=Best Scottish Band of All Time | publisher=The List |accessdate=2 August 2006}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Scotland has a literary heritage dating back to the early Middle Ages. The earliest extant literature composed in what is now Scotland was in [[Brythonic languages|Brythonic]] speech in the 6th century, but is preserved as part of [[Welsh-language literature|Welsh literature]].&lt;ref&gt;R. T. Lambdin and L. C. Lambdin, ''Encyclopedia of Medieval Literature'' (London: Greenwood, 2000), ISBN 0-313-30054-2, p. 508.&lt;/ref&gt; Later medieval literature included works in Latin,&lt;ref&gt;I. Brown, T. Owen Clancy, M. Pittock, S. Manning, eds, ''The Edinburgh History of Scottish Literature: From Columba to the Union, until 1707'' (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2007), ISBN 0-7486-1615-2, p. 94.&lt;/ref&gt; Gaelic,&lt;ref&gt;J. T. Koch, ''Celtic Culture: a Historical Encyclopedia'' (ABC-CLIO, 2006), ISBN 1-85109-440-7, p. 999.&lt;/ref&gt; Old English&lt;ref&gt;E. M. Treharne, ''Old and Middle English c.890-c.1400: an Anthology'' (Wiley-Blackwell, 2004), ISBN 1-4051-1313-8, p. 108.&lt;/ref&gt; and French.&lt;ref&gt;M. Fry, ''Edinburgh'' (London: Pan Macmillan, 2011), ISBN 0-330-53997-3.&lt;/ref&gt; The first surviving major text in [[Early Scots]] is the 14th century poet [[John Barbour (poet)|John Barbour]]'s epic ''[[The Brus|Brus]]'', focusing on the life of Robert I,&lt;ref&gt;N. Jayapalan, ''History of English Literature'' (Atlantic, 2001), ISBN 81-269-0041-5, p. 23.&lt;/ref&gt; and was soon followed by a series of vernacular romances and prose works.&lt;ref name=&quot;Wormald1991pp60-7&quot;&gt;J. Wormald, ''Court, Kirk, and Community: Scotland, 1470–1625'' (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1991), ISBN 0-7486-0276-3, pp. 60–7.&lt;/ref&gt; In the 16th century the crown's patronage helped the development of Scots drama and poetry,&lt;ref name=Brownetalpp256-7&gt;I. Brown, T. Owen Clancy, M. Pittock, S. Manning, eds, ''The Edinburgh History of Scottish Literature: From Columba to the Union, until 1707'' (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2007), ISBN 0-7486-1615-2, pp. 256–7.&lt;/ref&gt; but the accession of James VI to the English throne removed a major centre of literary patronage and Scots was sidelined as a literary language.&lt;ref&gt;R. D. S. Jack, &quot;Poetry under King James VI&quot;, in C. Cairns, ed., ''The History of Scottish Literature'' (Aberdeen University Press, 1988), vol. 1, ISBN 0-08-037728-9, pp. 137–8.&lt;/ref&gt; Interest in Scots literature was revived in the 18th century by figures including [[James Macpherson]], whose [[Ossian|Ossian Cycle]] made him the first Scottish poet to gain an international reputation and was a major influence on the European Enlightenment.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book| author=J. Buchan| title=Crowded with Genius| publisher=Harper Collins| year =2003 |isbn=0-06-055888-1 |page=163}}&lt;/ref&gt; It was also a major influence on [[Robert Burns]], considered by many to be the national poet,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |author=L. McIlvanney |contribution= |date=Spring 2005 |title=Hugh Blair, Robert Burns, and the Invention of Scottish Literature |journal=Eighteenth-Century Life |isbn= |volume=29 (2) |pages= 25–46 }}&lt;/ref&gt; and [[Walter Scott]], whose [[Waverley Novels]] did much to define Scottish identity in the 19th century.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |author=N. Davidson |contribution= |year=2000 |title=The Origins of Scottish Nationhood |editor= |edition= |isbn=0-7453-1608-5 |issn= |page=136 |place= |publisher=Pluto Press}}&lt;/ref&gt; Towards the end of the Victorian era a number of Scottish-born authors achieved international reputations as writers in English, including [[Robert Louis Stevenson]], [[Arthur Conan Doyle]], [[J. M. Barrie]] and [[George MacDonald]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |contribution= |title=Cultural Profile: 19th and early 20th century developments |journal=Visiting Arts: Scotland: Cultural Profile |editor= |edition= |isbn= |issn= |place= |url=http://www.culturalprofiles.net/scotland/Directories/Scotland_Cultural_Profile/-5402.html |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/62yP6lcz7 |archivedate=5 November 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; In the 20th century the [[Scottish Renaissance]] saw a surge of literary activity and attempts to reclaim the Scots language as a medium for serious literature.&lt;ref name=VisitingArtsScotland&gt;{{Cite journal |contribution= |title=The Scottish 'Renaissance' and beyond |journal=Visiting Arts: Scotland: Cultural Profile |editor= |edition= |isbn= |issn= |place= |url=http://www.culturalprofiles.net/scotland/Directories/Scotland_Cultural_Profile/-5403.html |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/62yGHJmza |archivedate=5 November 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Members of the movement were followed by a new generation of post-war poets including [[Edwin Morgan (poet)|Edwin Morgan]], who would be appointed the first [[Scots Makar]] by the inaugural Scottish government in 2004.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite document| title =The Scots Makar| publisher =The Scottish Government| date =16 February 2004| url =http://www.scotland.gov.uk/News/Releases/2004/02/5075| accessdate =28 October 2007|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/62yPZX5d4 |archivedate=5 November 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; From the 1980s Scottish literature enjoyed another major revival, particularly associated with a group of Glasgow writers including [[Irvine Welsh]].&lt;ref name=VisitingArtsScotland/&gt; Scottish poets who emerged in the same period included [[Carol Ann Duffy]], who was named as the first Scot to be UK [[Poet Laureate]] in May 2009.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |contribution= |date=1 May 2009 |title=Duffy reacts to new Laureate post |journal=BBC News |editor= |edition= |isbn= |issn= |place= |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/8029388.stm |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/62yL0dlTE |archivedate=5 November 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> [[File:BBC Scotland HQ - geograph.org.uk - 579711.jpg|thumb|right| Headquarters and studios of [[BBC Scotland]]]]<br /> Scottish theatre has for many years played an important role in Scottish society, from the music hall variety of [[Sir Harry Lauder]] and his contemporaries to the more serious plays put on at the [[Citizens Theatre]] in Glasgow and many other theatres throughout Scotland.{{citation needed|date=November 2011}}<br /> <br /> [[Television in Scotland]] is largely the same as UK-wide broadcasts, however the national broadcaster is [[BBC Scotland]], a constituent part of the [[British Broadcasting Corporation]], the publicly funded broadcaster of the United Kingdom. It runs three national [[Scottish television stations|television stations]], and the national radio stations, ''[[BBC Radio Scotland]]'' and ''[[BBC Radio nan Gaidheal]]'', amongst others. Scotland also has some [[Gaelic broadcasting in Scotland|programming in the Gaelic language]]. [[BBC Alba]] is the national Gaelic-language channel. The main Scottish commercial television station is [[STV (TV network)|STV]]. National [[List of Scottish newspapers|newspapers]] such as the [[Daily Record (Scotland)|''Daily Record'']], [[The Herald (Glasgow)|''The Herald'']], and ''[[The Scotsman]]'' are all produced in Scotland.&lt;ref name=&quot;Newspapers&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.ifla.org/IV/ifla68/papers/051-127e.pdf |format=PDF| title=Newspapers and National Identity in Scotland | publisher=IFLA University of Stirling | accessdate=12 December 2006}}{{dead link|date=July 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Important regional dailies include the [[Edinburgh Evening News|Evening News]] in Edinburgh '''[[The Courier and Advertiser|The Courier]]'' in Dundee in the east, and ''[[Press and Journal (Scotland)|The Press and Journal]]'' serving Aberdeen and the north.&lt;ref name=&quot;Newspapers&quot;/&gt; Scotland is represented at the [[Celtic Media Festival]], which showcases film and television from the Celtic countries. Scottish entrants have won many awards since the festival began in 1980.&lt;ref name=&quot;Media 1&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=About Us::Celtic Media Festival|url=http://www.celticmediafestival.co.uk/4/about_us/|accessdate=26 January 2010|publisher=[[Celtic Media Festival]]|year=2009|work=Celtic Media Festival website}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> As one of the [[Celtic nations]], Scotland and Scottish culture is represented at interceltic events at home and over the world. Scotland hosts several music festivals including [[Celtic Connections]] (Glasgow), and the [[Hebridean Celtic Festival]] (Stornoway). Festivals celebrating Celtic culture, such as [[Festival Interceltique de Lorient]] ([[Brittany]]), the [[Pan Celtic Festival]] (Ireland), and the National Celtic Festival ([[Portarlington, Victoria|Portarlington]], Australia), feature elements of Scottish culture such as language, music and dance.&lt;ref name=&quot;Celtic nation 1&quot;&gt;{{cite book | title = Celtic geographies: old culture, new times | publisher=[[Routledge]] | year = 2002 | location = Stroud, Gloucestershire | page = 142 |url=http://books.google.com/?id=02kVSmK8EwMC&amp;pg=PA142&amp;dq=Scotland+Celtic+nation&amp;cd=4#v=onepage&amp;q=Scotland%20Celtic%20nation | isbn =978-0-415-22396-6 | author-mask = Harvey | editor-first= David | author1 = Harvey, David }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Celtic nation 2&quot;&gt;{{cite book | title = Celtic identity and the British image | publisher=[[Manchester University Press]] | year = 1999 | location = Manchester | pages = 1–5 |url=http://books.google.com/?id=Dv0yf-tgCocC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq=inauthor:%22Murray+Pittock%22&amp;cd=1#v=onepage&amp;q= | isbn = 0-7190-5826-0 | author-mask = Pittock | editor-first= Murray | author1 = Pittock, Murray}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Celtic connections 1&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Celtic connections:Scotland's premier winter music festival|url=http://www.celticconnections.com/|accessdate=23 January 2010|publisher=[[Celtic Connections]]|year=2010|work=Celtic connections website}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Hebridean Celtic 1&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title='Hebridean Celtic Festival 2010 – the biggest homecoming party of the year|url=http://www.hebceltfest.com/|accessdate=23 January 2010|publisher=[[Hebridean Celtic Festival]]|year=2009|work=Hebridean Celtic Festival website}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Festival 1&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Site Officiel du Festival Interceltique de Lorient|url=http://www.festival-interceltique.com/le-monde-des-celtes-et-de-la-celtie.php|accessdate=23 January 2010|publisher=[[Festival Interceltique de Lorient]]|year=2009|work=Festival Interceltique de Lorient website}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Dingle 1&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Welcome to the Pan Celtic 2010 Home Page|url=http://www.panceltic.ie/|accessdate=26 January 2010|publisher=[[Fáilte Ireland]]|year=2010|work=Pan Celtic Festival 2010 website}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Festival 3&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=About the Festival|url=http://www.nationalcelticfestival.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=24&amp;Itemid=26|accessdate=23 January 2010|publisher=National Celtic Festival|year=2009|work=National Celtic Festival website}} {{Dead link|date=April 2012|bot=H3llBot}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Sport===<br /> {{Main|Sport in Scotland}}<br /> [[File:18th Green and Clubhouse.jpg|thumb|right|The [[Old Course at St Andrews]]]]<br /> [[Sport in Scotland|Sport]] is an important element in Scottish culture, with the country hosting many of its own national sporting competitions. It enjoys independent representation at many international sporting events including the [[FIFA World Cup]], the [[Rugby Union World Cup]], the [[Rugby League World Cup]], the [[Cricket World Cup]] and the [[Commonwealth Games]], but not at the Olympic Games where Scottish athletes are part of the [[Great Britain at the Olympics|Great Britain team]]. Scotland has its own national [[sport governing body|governing bodies]], such as the [[Scottish Football Association]] (the second oldest national football association in the world)&lt;ref&gt;Soccer in South Asia: Empire, Nation, Diaspora. By James Mills, Paul Dimeo: Page 18 – Oldest Football Association is England's FA, then Scotland and third oldest is the Indian FA.&lt;/ref&gt; and the [[Scottish Rugby Union]]. Variations of football have been played in Scotland for centuries with the earliest reference dating back to 1424.&lt;ref name=FIFA&gt;{{cite web | author=Gerhardt, W. | publisher=[[FIFA]] | publishyear= | url=http://www.fifa.com/en/history/history/0,1283,1,00.html | title=The colourful history of a fascinating game. More than 2000 Years of Football | accessdate =11 August 2006 |archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20060810202927/http://www.fifa.com/en/history/history/0,1283,1,00.html |archivedate = 10 August 2006}}&lt;/ref&gt; Association football is now the most popular sport and the [[Scottish Cup]] is the world's oldest national trophy.&lt;ref name=&quot;Trophy&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.scottishcup.org/museum.html |title=Official Site of the Tennents Scottish Cup |publisher=The Tennents Scottish Cup |accessdate=10 December 2006}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Scotland contested the first ever international football game in 1872, a 0–0 draw against England. The match took place at [[Hamilton Crescent]], Glasgow, home of the [[West of Scotland Cricket Club]]. Scottish clubs have been successful in European competitions with [[Celtic F.C.|Celtic]] winning the [[European Champion Clubs' Cup|European Cup]] in 1967, [[Rangers F.C.|Rangers]] and [[Aberdeen F.C.|Aberdeen]] winning the [[UEFA Cup Winners' Cup]] in 1972 and 1983 respectively, and [[Aberdeen F.C.|Aberdeen]] also winning the [[UEFA Super Cup]] in 1983. [[Dundee United]] have also made it to a European final, reaching the [[UEFA Cup Final]] in 1987, but losing on aggregate 2-1 to [[IFK Göteborg]]. The [[Fife]] town of [[St. Andrews]] is known internationally as the ''Home of golf''&lt;ref&gt;Keay (1994) ''op cit'' page 839. &quot;In 1834 the [[The Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews|Royal and Ancient Golf Club]] declared St. Andrews 'the Alma Mater of golf'&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; and to many golfers the [[Old Course at St Andrews|Old Course]], an ancient [[links (golf)|links]] course dating to before 1574, is considered to be a site of pilgrimage.&lt;ref&gt;Cochrane, Alistair (ed) ''Science and Golf IV: proceedings of the World Scientific Congress of Golf''. Page 849. Routledge.&lt;/ref&gt; There are many other famous [[Golf in Scotland|golf courses in Scotland]], including [[Carnoustie Golf Links|Carnoustie]], [[Gleneagles, Scotland|Gleneagles]], [[Muirfield (Scotland)|Muirfield]], and [[Royal Troon]]. Other distinctive features of the national sporting culture include the [[Highland games]], [[curling]] and [[Shinty]], which, given its arrival with the Gaelic language and the original Scottish culture from Ireland, can claim to be Scotland's national sport. <br /> <br /> Scotland has competed at every [[Commonwealth Games]] since 1930 and have won 356 medal in total&amp;mdash;91 Gold, 104 Silver and 161 Bronze.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.cgcs.org.uk/team-scotland/medal-tally/ &quot;Medal Tally&quot;]. Commonwealth Games Scotland. Retrieved 6 August 2012.&lt;/ref&gt; Scotland played host to the Commonwealth Games in [[1970 British Commonwealth Games|1970]] and [[1986 Commonwealth Games|1986]], and will do so again in [[2014 Commonwealth Games|2014]] with [[Glasgow]] the host city.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.cgcs.org.uk/commonwealth-games/overview-and-history/ &quot;Overview and History&quot;]. Commonwealth Games Scotland. Retrieved 6 August 2012.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===National symbols===<br /> {{Main|National symbols of Scotland}}<br /> [[File:Cirsium vulgare flowerhead Anstey Hill.PNG|thumb|left|upright|The [[thistle]], Scotland's [[Floral emblem]].]] The national [[flag of Scotland]], known as the Saltire or St. Andrew's Cross, dates from the 9th century, and is thus the oldest national [[flag]] still in use. Since 1606 the Saltire has also formed part of the design of the [[Union Flag]]. There are numerous other symbols and symbolic artefacts, both official and unofficial, including the [[thistle]], the nation's [[national emblem|floral emblem]] (celebrated in the song, [[The Thistle o' Scotland (song)|The Thistle o' Scotland]]), 6 April 1320 statement of political independence the [[Declaration of Arbroath]], the textile pattern [[tartan]] that often signifies a particular [[Scottish clan]], and the [[Royal Standard of Scotland|Lion Rampant]] flag.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;National identity&quot; in M. Lynch (ed.), ''The Oxford Companion to Scottish History'', (Oxford, 2001), pp. 437–444.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Keay, J. &amp; Keay, J. (1994) ''Collins Encyclopaedia of Scotland''. London. HarperCollins. Page 936.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.rampantscotland.com/symbols/blsymbols_index.htm &quot;Symbols of Scotland—Index&quot;] Rampant Scotland. Retrieved 20 September 2007.&lt;/ref&gt; Highlanders can thank [[James Graham, 3rd Duke of Montrose]], for the repeal in 1782 of the Act of 1747 prohibiting the wearing of tartans.&lt;ref name=Works&gt;{{cite book | last = Bain | first = Robert | others = P.E. Stewart-Blacker (heralidic advisor), forward by The R. Hon. C/refountess of Erroll | editor = Margaret O. MacDougall (ed.) | title = Clans &amp; Tartans of Scotland (revised) | year = 1959 | publisher = William Collins Sons &amp; Co., Ltd. | id = | page = 108 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Although there is no official [[National anthem of Scotland]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/4828454.stm |title= Action call over national anthem |publisher=BBC News |date=21 March 2006 |accessdate=3 November 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''[[Flower of Scotland]]'' is played on special occasions and sporting events such as football and rugby matches involving the Scotland national teams and as of 2010 is also played at the [[Commonwealth Games]] after it was voted the overwhelming favourite by participating Scottish athletes.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/8449939.stm|title=Games team picks new Scots anthem|publisher=BBC|date=9 January 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; Other less popular candidates for the National Anthem of Scotland include ''[[Scotland the Brave]]'', ''[[Highland Cathedral]]'', ''[[Scots Wha Hae]]'' and ''[[A Man's A Man for A' That]]''.<br /> <br /> [[St Andrew's Day]], 30 November, is the [[national day]], although [[Burns' Night]] tends to be more widely observed, particularly outside Scotland. [[Tartan Day]] is a recent innovation from Canada. In 2006, the Scottish Parliament passed the [[St. Andrew's Day Bank Holiday (Scotland) Act 2007]], designating the day to be an official [[bank holiday]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.opsi.gov.uk/legislation/scotland/en2007/2007en02.htm &quot;Explanatory Notes to St. Andrew's Day Bank Holiday (Scotland) Act 2007&quot;] Office of Public Sector Information. Retrieved 22 September 2007.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> {{Clear}}<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> {{portal|Scotland|United Kingdom|Celtic Studies}}<br /> *[[Celtic languages]]<br /> *[[Celts]]<br /> *[[Ethnic groups in Europe]]<br /> *[[Outline of Scotland]]<br /> *[[Scottish independence referendum, 2014]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist|30em}}<br /> <br /> ==Further reading==<br /> {{refbegin|30em}}<br /> * Brown, Dauvit, (1999) ''Anglo-French acculturation and the Irish element in Scottish Identity'' in Smith, Brendan (ed.), ''Insular Responses to Medieval European Change'', [[Cambridge University Press]], pp.&amp;nbsp;135–53<br /> * Brown, Michael (2004) ''The Wars of Scotland, 1214–1371'', Edinburgh University Press., pp.&amp;nbsp;157–254<br /> * Devine, T.M. [1999] (2000). ''The Scottish Nation 1700–2000'' (New Ed. edition). London:Penguin. ISBN 0-14-023004-1<br /> * {{Cite book|first= David N.|last=Dumville|chapter=St Cathróe of Metz and the Hagiography of Exoticism|title=Irish Hagiography: Saints and Scholars|location=Dublin|year= 2001|publisher=Four Courts Press|pages=172–176|isbn=978-1-85182-486-1|unused_data= editor}}<br /> * [[George T. Flom|Flom, George Tobias]]. ''Scandinavian influence on Southern Lowland Scotch. A Contribution to the Study of the Linguistic Relations of English and Scandinavian'' ([[Columbia University Press]], New York. 1900)<br /> * {{Cite book|first=Maire|last=Herbert|chapter=Rí Érenn, Rí Alban, kingship and identity in the ninth and tenth centuries|editor=Simon Taylor (ed.)|title=Kings, Clerics and Chronicles in Scotland, 500–1297|location=Dublin|year=2000|publisher=Four Courts Press|pages=63–72|isbn=1-85182-516-9}}<br /> * MacLeod, Wilson (2004) ''Divided Gaels: Gaelic Cultural Identities in Scotland and Ireland: c.1200–1650''. [[Oxford University Press]].<br /> * Pope, Robert (ed.), ''Religion and National Identity: Wales and Scotland, c.1700–2000'' ([[University of Wales Press]], 2001)<br /> * Sharp, L. W. ''The Expansion of the English Language in Scotland'', (Cambridge University PhD [[thesis]], 1927), pp.&amp;nbsp;102–325;<br /> * [[Hugh Trevor-Roper|Trevor-Roper, Hugh]], ''The Invention of Scotland: Myth and History'', Yale, 2008, ISBN 0-300-13686-2<br /> {{refend}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> {{Sister project links|Scotland}}<br /> *[http://www.visitscotland.com/ Visit Scotland] – official site of Scotland's national tourist board<br /> *[http://www.scotreferendum.com/ Your Scotland, Your Referendum] – official website on independence referendum consultation<br /> *[http://maps.nls.uk/ Maps] and [http://www.nls.uk/digitallibrary/index.html digital collections] at the [[National Library of Scotland]]<br /> *[http://www.nas.gov.uk/ National Archives of Scotland] – official site of the [[National Archives of Scotland]]<br /> *{{dmoz|Regional/Europe/United_Kingdom/Scotland}}<br /> *[http://www.scrol.gov.uk/ Scottish Census Results On Line] – official government site for Scotland's census results<br /> *[http://www.scotland.gov.uk/resource/doc/76169/0019773.pdf Scottish economic statistics 2005] (pdf) – from the Scottish Executive<br /> *[http://www.scotland.gov.uk/ Scottish Government] – official site of the [[Scottish Government]]<br /> *[http://www.scotland.org/ Scotland.org] – the official online gateway to Scotland, managed by the Scottish Government<br /> *[http://www.scottish.parliament.uk/ Scottish Parliament] – official site of the [[Scottish Parliament]]<br /> *[http://www.scotlandspeople.gov.uk/ ScotlandsPeople] – official government resource for Scottish genealogy<br /> *[http://www.sns.gov.uk/ Scottish Neighbourhood Statistics] – Scottish Government's programme of small area statistics in Scotland<br /> *{{Wikitravel}}<br /> *[http://www.scottish-places.info/ Gazetteer for Scotland] – Extensive guide to the places and people of Scotland, by the [[Royal Scottish Geographical Society]] and [[University of Edinburgh]]<br /> {{Scotland topics}}<br /> {{United Kingdom topics}}<br /> {{United Kingdom constituents and affiliations}}<br /> {{British Isles}}<br /> {{British peoples}}<br /> {{Celtic nations}}<br /> {{Scotland subdivisions}}<br /> {{English official language clickable map}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2012}}<br /> {{Use British English|date=May 2012}}<br /> <br /> {{Good article}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Scotland| ]]<br /> [[Category:Great Britain]]<br /> [[Category:United Kingdom|Scotland]]<br /> [[Category:NUTS 1 statistical regions of the United Kingdom]]<br /> [[Category:English-speaking countries and territories]]<br /> [[Category:Scots-speaking countries]]<br /> [[Category:Northern Europe]]<br /> [[Category:Western Europe]]<br /> [[Category:Island countries]]<br /> [[Category:Celtic nations]]<br /> [[Category:Autonomous regions]]<br /> <br /> {{Link GA|eo}}<br /> {{Link GA|no}}<br /> {{Link FA|af}}<br /> {{Link FA|ast}}<br /> {{Link FA|ca}}<br /> {{Link FA|es}}<br /> {{Link FA|eu}}<br /> {{Link FA|sq}}<br /> &lt;!--Interwikis--&gt;<br /> <br /> [[af:Skotland]]<br /> [[als:Schottland]]<br /> [[ang:Scotland]]<br /> [[ar:إسكتلندا]]<br /> [[an:Escocia]]<br /> [[roa-rup:Scotlandia]]<br /> [[ast:Escocia]]<br /> [[az:Şotlandiya]]<br /> [[bn:স্কটল্যান্ড]]<br /> [[zh-min-nan:Scot-tē]]<br /> [[be:Шатландыя]]<br /> [[be-x-old:Шатляндыя]]<br /> [[bg:Шотландия]]<br /> [[bar:Schottland]]<br /> [[bo:སི་ཁོ་ཁྲི་ལན་ཌི།]]<br /> [[bs:Škotska]]<br /> [[br:Bro-Skos]]<br /> [[ca:Escòcia]]<br /> [[cv:Шотланди]]<br /> [[cs:Skotsko]]<br /> [[cy:Yr Alban]]<br /> [[da:Skotland]]<br /> [[de:Schottland]]<br /> [[dsb:Šotiska]]<br /> [[et:Šotimaa]]<br /> [[el:Σκωτία]]<br /> [[es:Escocia]]<br /> [[eo:Skotlando]]<br /> [[ext:Escócia]]<br /> [[eu:Eskozia]]<br /> [[fa:اسکاتلند]]<br /> [[fo:Skotland]]<br /> [[fr:Écosse]]<br /> [[fy:Skotlân]]<br /> [[ga:Albain]]<br /> [[gv:Nalbin]]<br /> [[gd:Alba]]<br /> [[gl:Escocia - Scotland]]<br /> [[hak:Sû-kak-làn]]<br /> [[xal:Скотишин Таңһч]]<br /> [[ko:스코틀랜드]]<br /> [[hy:Շոտլանդիա]]<br /> [[hi:स्कॉटलैण्ड]]<br /> [[hsb:Šotiska]]<br /> [[hr:Škotska]]<br /> [[io:Skotia]]<br /> [[ilo:Eskósia]]<br /> [[id:Skotlandia]]<br /> [[ia:Scotia]]<br /> [[ie:Scotia]]<br /> [[os:Шотланди]]<br /> [[zu:IsiKotilandi]]<br /> [[is:Skotland]]<br /> [[it:Scozia]]<br /> [[he:סקוטלנד]]<br /> [[jv:Skotlandia]]<br /> [[kn:ಸ್ಕಾಟ್‌ಲೆಂಡ್]]<br /> [[pam:Scotland]]<br /> [[krc:Шотландия]]<br /> [[ka:შოტლანდია]]<br /> [[csb:Szkòckô]]<br /> [[kk:Шотландия]]<br /> [[kw:Alban]]<br /> [[sw:Uskoti]]<br /> [[kv:Шотландия]]<br /> [[ht:Ekòs]]<br /> [[ku:Skotland]]<br /> [[lad:Eskosia]]<br /> [[la:Scotia]]<br /> [[lv:Skotija]]<br /> [[lb:Schottland]]<br /> [[lt:Škotija]]<br /> [[lij:Scòçia]]<br /> [[li:Sjotland]]<br /> [[ln:Ekósi]]<br /> [[lmo:Scozia]]<br /> [[hu:Skócia]]<br /> [[mk:Шкотска]]<br /> [[ml:സ്കോട്ട്‌ലൻഡ്]]<br /> [[mi:Koterana]]<br /> [[mr:स्कॉटलंड]]<br /> [[xmf:შოტლანდია]]<br /> [[arz:اسكوتلاندا]]<br /> [[mzn:اسکاتلند]]<br /> [[ms:Scotland]]<br /> [[cdo:Sŭ-gáik-làng]]<br /> [[mn:Шотланд]]<br /> [[my:စကော့တလန်နိုင်ငံ]]<br /> [[nah:Escotlālpan]]<br /> [[nl:Schotland]]<br /> [[nds-nl:Schotlaand]]<br /> [[ja:スコットランド]]<br /> [[pih:Skotlund]]<br /> [[no:Skottland]]<br /> [[nn:Skottland]]<br /> [[nrm:Êcosse]]<br /> [[nov:Skotia]]<br /> [[oc:Escòcia]]<br /> [[pnb:سکاٹلینڈ]]<br /> [[pap:Eskosia]]<br /> [[km:ស្កុតឡែន]]<br /> [[pms:Scòssia]]<br /> [[tpi:Skotlan]]<br /> [[nds:Schottland]]<br /> [[pl:Szkocja]]<br /> [[pt:Escócia]]<br /> [[kaa:Shotlandiya]]<br /> [[ksh:Schottland]]<br /> [[ro:Scoția]]<br /> [[rm:Scozia]]<br /> [[qu:Iskusya]]<br /> [[ru:Шотландия]]<br /> [[sco:Scotland]]<br /> [[sq:Skocia]]<br /> [[scn:Scozzia]]<br /> [[simple:Scotland]]<br /> [[ss:Sikoshilandi]]<br /> [[sk:Škótsko]]<br /> [[sl:Škotska]]<br /> [[szl:Szkocyjo]]<br /> [[so:Skotland]]<br /> [[ckb:سکۆتلاند]]<br /> [[sr:Шкотска]]<br /> [[sh:Škotska]]<br /> [[su:Skotlandia]]<br /> [[fi:Skotlanti]]<br /> [[sv:Skottland]]<br /> [[tl:Eskosya]]<br /> [[ta:இசுக்கொட்லாந்து]]<br /> [[tt:Шотландия]]<br /> [[te:స్కాట్లాండ్]]<br /> [[tet:Eskósia]]<br /> [[th:สกอตแลนด์]]<br /> [[tg:Шотландия]]<br /> [[tr:İskoçya]]<br /> [[uk:Шотландія]]<br /> [[ur:سکاٹ لینڈ]]<br /> [[ug:Shotlandiye]]<br /> [[vec:Scozia]]<br /> [[vep:Šotlandii]]<br /> [[vi:Scotland]]<br /> [[vo:Skotän]]<br /> [[fiu-vro:Sotimaa]]<br /> [[wa:Escôsse]]<br /> [[zh-classical:蘇格蘭]]<br /> [[vls:Schotland]]<br /> [[war:Escocia]]<br /> [[wuu:苏格兰]]<br /> [[yi:סקאטלאנד]]<br /> [[yo:Skọ́tlándì]]<br /> [[zh-yue:蘇格蘭]]<br /> [[diq:İskoçya]]<br /> [[zea:Schotland]]<br /> [[bat-smg:Škuotėjė]]<br /> [[zh:蘇格蘭]]</div> Tulumino https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Scotland&diff=511263656 Scotland 2012-09-07T19:01:16Z <p>Tulumino: Population is per mid 2011 - see also http://www.gro-scotland.gov.uk</p> <hr /> <div>{{For}}<br /> <br /> {{Infobox country<br /> |conventional_long_name = Scotland{{spaces|2}}{{resize|75%|([[Scottish English|English]]/[[Scots language|Scots]])}}&lt;br&gt;''Alba''{{spaces|2}}{{resize|75%|([[Scottish Gaelic]])}}<br /> |common_name = Scotland<br /> |image_flag = Flag of Scotland.svg<br /> |flag_width = 127px<br /> |image_coat = Lionrampant.svg{{!}}border<br /> |symbol_width = 125px<br /> |symbol_type = Royal Standard<br /> |national_motto = &lt;small&gt;''[[In My Defens God Me Defend]]'' ([[Scots language|Scots]])&lt;br /&gt;(often shown abbreviated as '''''In Defens''''')&lt;/SMALL&gt;<br /> |national_anthem = None (''[[de jure]]'')&lt;br /&gt;Various ''de facto'' – see [[National anthem of Scotland]] and note &lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> |image_map = Scotland in the UK and Europe.svg<br /> |map_caption = {{map caption|location_color=dark green|subregion=the United Kingdom|subregion_color=green|region=the European continent|region_color=green and dark grey}}<br /> |capital = [[Edinburgh]]<br /> |latd=55| latm=57 |latNS=N |longd=3 |longm=10<br /> |largest_city = [[Glasgow]]<br /> |latd=55| latm=57 |latNS=N |longd=3 |longm=12 |longEW=W<br /> |official_languages = [[Scottish English|English]]<br /> |regional_languages = [[Scottish Gaelic]], [[Scots language|Scots]]&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> |ethnic_groups = 89% Scottish, 7% English, Irish, [[Welsh people|Welsh]], 4% other&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.gro-scotland.gov.uk/statistics/library/mid-2005-population-estimates/ |archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20080215164521/http://www.gro-scotland.gov.uk/statistics/library/mid-2005-population-estimates/ |archivedate= 15 February 2008 |title= Registrar-General's Mid-2005 Population Estimates for Scotland |publisher = Gro-Scotland | location = UK |date = 16 February 2010 | accessdate =30 April 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |ethnic_groups_year =<br /> |demonym = [[Scottish people|Scottish or Scots]]&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> |government_type = [[Scottish devolution|Devolved government]] within a [[constitutional monarchy]]&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> |leader_title1 = [[Monarchy of the United Kingdom|Monarch]]<br /> |leader_name1 = [[Elizabeth II]]&lt;!--The name of the current monarch is always &quot;Elizabeth II&quot; a consensus on this has been reached NUMEROUS times on the discussion page; please bring up any disagreements there. DO NOT EDITWAR--&gt;<br /> |leader_title2 = [[First Minister of Scotland|First Minister]]<br /> |leader_name2 = [[Alex Salmond]] [[Members of the 4th Scottish Parliament|MSP]]<br /> |legislature = [[Scottish Parliament]]<br /> |legislature2 = [[Parliament of the United Kingdom]]<br /> |leader_title4 = [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom]]<br /> |leader_name4 = [[David Cameron]], [[List of MPs elected in the United Kingdom general election, 2010|MP]]<br /> |sovereignty_type = Establishment<br /> |sovereignty_note = [[Scotland in the Early Middle Ages|Early Middle Ages]]; exact date of establishment [[Origins of the Kingdom of Alba|unclear or disputed]]; [[national myth|traditional]] 843, by [[King Kenneth MacAlpin]]&lt;ref name=Lynch_359 /&gt;<br /> |area_rank =<br /> |area_magnitude = 1 E10<br /> |area_km2 = 78,387<br /> |area_sq_mi = 30,414<br /> |percent_water = 1.9<br /> |population_estimate = 5,254,800&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-18278974|title=Scottish population reaches record high|publisher=BBC|date= 31 May 2012|accessdate=31 May 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |population_estimate_rank =<br /> |population_estimate_year = mid-2011<br /> |population_census = 5,062,011<br /> |population_census_year = 2001<br /> |population_density_km2 = 65.9<br /> |population_density_sq_mi = 170.8<br /> |population_density_rank =<br /> |GDP_PPP = <br /> |GDP_PPP_rank =<br /> |GDP_PPP_year = <br /> |GDP_PPP_per_capita = <br /> |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank =<br /> |GDP_nominal = [[Pound sterling|GBP]] 139.774 billion&lt;ref name=SNAP_GDP&gt;{{Cite document |title=Scottish National Accounts Project. Gross Domestic Product in Current Prices for Scotland, 2010 Q4 |publisher=Scottish Government |place=Edinburgh |date=11 August 2010 |url=http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/Statistics/Browse/Economy/SNAP/expstats/SNAPtables2010Q4updated |accessdate=2 July 2011 }}{{dead link|date=July 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |GDP_nominal_rank = <br /> |GDP_nominal_year = 2010<br /> |GDP_nominal_per_capita = 26,766<br /> |GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank =<br /> |HDI =<br /> |HDI_rank =<br /> |HDI_year =<br /> |HDI_category =<br /> |currency = [[Pound sterling]]<br /> |currency_code = GBP<br /> |time_zone = GMT<br /> |utc_offset = 0<br /> |time_zone_DST = BST<br /> |DST_note =<br /> |utc_offset_DST = +1<br /> |date_format =dd/mm/yyyy ([[Anno Domini|AD]] or [[Common Era|CE]])<br /> |drives_on =left<br /> |cctld = [[.uk]]&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt;<br /> |calling_code = 44<br /> |patron_saint = [[Saint Andrew|St Andrew]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.scotland.org/about/history-tradition-and-roots/features/culture/st-andrews.html|title =''St Andrew—Quick Facts''|work=Scotland.org—The Official Online Gateway|accessdate=2 December 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web<br /> | work = Catholic Online<br /> | title = St Andrew<br /> | url = http://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=109<br /> | accessdate =15 November 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;br /&gt; [[Saint Margaret of Scotland|St Margaret]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web<br /> | work = Catholic Online<br /> | title = St Margaret of Scotland<br /> | url = http://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=304<br /> | accessdate =15 November 2011}}&lt;br /&gt;{{cite web<br /> | work = Catholic Online<br /> | title = Patron saints<br /> | url = http://www.catholic.org/saints/patron.php?letter=S<br /> | accessdate =15 November 2011}}<br /> &lt;/ref&gt; &lt;br /&gt; [[Saint Columba|St Columba]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web<br /> | work = Catholic Online<br /> | title = St Columba<br /> | url = http://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=419<br /> | accessdate =15 November 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |footnote1 = ''[[Flower of Scotland]]'', ''[[Scotland the Brave]]'' and ''[[Scots Wha Hae]]'' have been used in lieu of an official anthem.<br /> |footnote2 = English is the official language of the United Kingdom.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.direct.gov.uk/en/Governmentcitizensandrights/LivingintheUK/DG_10012519 | title=Directgov: English language – Government, citizens and rights | work=[[Directgov]] | accessdate=23 August 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Both Scots and Scottish Gaelic are officially recognised as [[autochthonous language]]s under the [[European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages]];&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/ArtsCultureSport/gaelic/gaelic-english/17910/europeancharter | title=European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages | work=[[Scottish Government]] | accessdate=23 October 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; the [[Bòrd na Gàidhlig]] is tasked, under the [[Gaelic Language (Scotland) Act 2005]], with securing Gaelic as an [[official language]] of Scotland, commanding &quot;equal respect&quot; with English.&lt;ref&gt;Macleod, Angus [http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article384045.ece &quot;Gaelic given official status&quot;] (22 April 2005) ''[[The Times]]''. London. Retrieved 2 August 2007.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |footnote3 = Historically, the use of &quot;[[Scotch (adjective)|Scotch]]&quot; as an adjective comparable to &quot;Scottish&quot; or &quot;Scots&quot; was commonplace, particularly outwith Scotland. However, the modern use of the term describes only ''products'' of Scotland, usually food or drink related.<br /> |footnote4 = Scotland's head of state is the monarch of the United Kingdom, currently Queen Elizabeth II (since 1952). Scotland has limited self-government within the United Kingdom as well as representation in the UK Parliament. It is also [[Scotland (European Parliament constituency)|a UK electoral region]] for the [[European Parliament]]. Certain executive and legislative powers have been devolved to, respectively, the Scottish Government and the Scottish Parliament at Holyrood in Edinburgh.<br /> |footnote5 = Also [[.eu]], as part of the [[European Union]]. [[ISO 3166-1]] is [[Great Britain|GB]], but [[.gb]] is unused.<br /> }}<br /> &lt;!--<br /> Please DO NOT change &quot;part of the United Kingdom&quot; to &quot;constituent country&quot; or similar without getting consensus on the talkpage first, as the wording has been decided on multiple occasions.<br /> --&gt;'''Scotland''' ({{lang-gd|[[Alba]]}} ({{IPA-gd|ˈalˠ̪apə||}} {{Audio|Alba-gd.ogg|listen}}) is a [[country]] that is [[Countries of the United Kingdom|part of]] the [[United Kingdom]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Stats 1&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/guide-method/geography/beginner-s-guide/administrative/the-countries-of-the-uk/index.html|title=The Countries of the UK|publisher=[[Office for National Statistics]] |accessdate=24 June 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Country&quot;&gt;{{cite web<br /> |url=http://www.number10.gov.uk/Page823|title=Countries within a country<br /> |accessdate=24 August 2008<br /> |work=10 Downing Street<br /> |quote=The United Kingdom is made up of four countries: England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland}}{{dead link|date=November 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web<br /> |url=http://www.iso.org/iso/newsletter_i-9.pdf<br /> |format=PDF|title=ISO 3166-2 Newsletter Date: 2007-11-28 No I-9. &quot;Changes in the list of subdivision names and code elements&quot; (Page 11)<br /> |accessdate=31 May 2008<br /> |work=[[International Organization for Standardization]] codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions – Part 2: Country subdivision codes|quote=SCT Scotland ''country''}}&lt;/ref&gt; Occupying the northern third of the island of [[Great Britain]], it shares a [[Anglo-Scottish border|border]] with [[England]] to the south and is bounded by the [[North Sea]] to the east, the [[Atlantic Ocean]] to the north and west, and the [[North Channel (British Isles)|North Channel]] and [[Irish Sea]] to the southwest. In addition to the mainland, Scotland constitutes over [[List of islands of Scotland|790 islands]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Scottish Executive&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title = Scottish Executive Resources| work = Scotland in Short| url = http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Resource/Doc/923/0010669.pdf |format=PDF| date= 17 February 2007|publisher=Scottish Executive| accessdate =14 September 2006 }}{{dead link|date=July 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; including the [[Northern Isles]] and the [[Hebrides]].<br /> <br /> [[Edinburgh]], the country's capital and second largest city, is one of Europe's largest financial centres.&lt;ref name=globalfinancialcentresindex&gt;{{cite web | title = Global Financial Centres Index| url = http://issuu.com/pillarofhercules/docs/gfci/11?mode=a_p | date= September 2008|publisher=City of London| accessdate =30 June 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; Edinburgh was the hub of the [[Scottish Enlightenment]] of the 18th century, which transformed Scotland into one of the commercial, intellectual and industrial powerhouses of Europe. [[Glasgow]], Scotland's largest city,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=A quick guide to glasgow|url=http://glasgowcitycentre.co.uk/places-to-go/shops/a-quick-guide-to-glasgow/|publisher=Glasgow City Centre|accessdate=20 June 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; was once one of the world's leading industrial cities and now lies at the centre of the [[Greater Glasgow]] conurbation. [[Scottish waters]] consist of a large sector&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title=The Scottish Adjacent Waters Boundaries Order |year=1999 |publisher=The Stationery Office Limited |url=http://www.opsi.gov.uk/si/si1999/19991126.htm |location=London |isbn=0-11-059052-X| accessdate=20 September 2007 }}&lt;/ref&gt; of the North Atlantic and the North Sea, containing the largest [[oil reserves]] in the [[European Union]]. This has given [[Aberdeen]], the third largest city in Scotland, the title of Europe's oil capital.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.aberdeencity.gov.uk/equalitydiversity/eqd_ourcity.asp Aberdeen City Council website]{{dead link|date=November 2010}} ''&quot;Aberdeen's buoyant modern economy – is fuelled by the oil industry, earning the city its epithet as 'Oil Capital of Europe'.&quot;'.' Retrieved 1 December 2009.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The [[Kingdom of Scotland]] emerged as an independent sovereign state in the [[Early Middle Ages]] and continued to exist until 1707, although it had been in a [[personal union]] with the kingdoms of [[Kingdom of England|England]] and [[Kingdom of Ireland|Ireland]] since [[James VI and I|James VI of Scotland]] succeeded to the English and Irish thrones in 1603. On 1 May 1707, Scotland entered into an incorporating [[political union]] with England to create the united [[Kingdom of Great Britain]].&lt;ref name=Keay/&gt;&lt;ref name=Mackie/&gt; This union resulted from the [[Treaty of Union]] agreed in 1706 and enacted by the twin [[Acts of Union 1707|Acts of Union]] passed by the Parliaments of both countries, despite anti-union riots in Edinburgh, Glasgow and elsewhere.&lt;ref name=&quot;1707 protests&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Devine|first=T.M|year=1999|title=The Scottish Nation 1700–2000|publisher=Penguin Books|page=9|isbn=0-14-023004-1|quote=From that point on anti-union demonstrations were common in the capital. In November rioting spread to the south west, that stronghold of strict Calvinism and covenanting tradition. The Glasgow mob rose against union sympathisers in disturbances that lasted intermittently for over a month}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Act of Union 1707 Mob unrest and disorder|year=2007 |publisher=The House of Lords|url=http://www.parliament.uk/actofunion/06_03_mob.html |location=London |accessdate=23 December 2007 |archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20080101193416/http://www.parliament.uk/actofunion/06_03_mob.html |archivedate = 1 January 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> Scotland's [[legal systems of the world|legal system]] continues to be separate from those of [[English law|England and Wales]] and [[Northern Ireland law|Northern Ireland]], and Scotland constitutes a distinct [[jurisdiction]] in [[public international law|public]] and in [[private international law|private]] law.&lt;ref&gt;Collier, J.G. (2001) [http://assets.cambridge.org/052178/2600/sample/0521782600ws.pdf ''Conflict of Laws (Third edition)''](pdf) [[Cambridge University Press]]. &quot;For the purposes of the English [[conflict of laws]], every country in the world which is not part of [[England and Wales]] is a foreign country and its foreign laws. This means that not only totally foreign independent countries such as France or [[Russia]]... are foreign countries but also [[British Colonies]] such as the [[Falkland Islands]]. Moreover, the other parts of the United Kingdom{{spaced ndash}}Scotland and Northern Ireland{{spaced ndash}}are foreign countries for present purposes, as are the other [[British Islands]], the [[Isle of Man]], [[Jersey]] and [[Guernsey]].&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; The continued existence of [[Scots law|legal]], [[Scottish education system|educational]] and [[Religion in Scotland|religious]] institutions distinct from those in the remainder of the UK have all contributed to the continuation of [[Scottish culture]] and [[Scottish national identity|national identity]] since the Union.&lt;ref name=&quot;administrative control&quot;&gt;Devine, T.M. (1999), ''The Scottish Nation 1700–2000'', P.288–289, ISBN 0-14-023004-1 ''&quot;created a new and powerful ''local state'' run by the Scottish bourgeoisie and reflecting their political and religious values. It was this local state, rather than a distant and usually indifferent Westminster authority, that in effect routinely governed Scotland&quot;''&lt;/ref&gt; In 1999, a [[devolution|devolved]] legislature, the [[Scottish Parliament]], was founded with authority over many areas of home affairs following a [[Scottish devolution referendum, 1997|successful referendum]] in 1997. In 2011, the [[Scottish National Party|Scottish National Party (SNP)]] won an [[Scottish Parliament general election, 2011|overall majority]] in parliament and intends to hold a [[Scottish Independence Referendum|referendum on independence]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Gardham|first=Magnus|title=Holyrood election 2011: Alex Salmond: Referendum on Scottish independence by 2015|url=http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/news/politics-news/2011/05/02/alex-salmond-referendum-on-scottish-independence-by-2015-86908-23102061/|accessdate=14 October 2011|newspaper=The Daily Record|date=2 May 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; in the autumn of 2014.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.google.com/hostednews/ukpress/article/ALeqM5g7KvPuYkrMz5ngUWl6mvPiQl9aXA?docId=N0892841326190508169A ]{{dead link|date=February 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Etymology==<br /> {{Main|Etymology of Scotland}}<br /> Scotland is derived from the Latin ''[[Scoti]]'', the term applied to Gaels, people from what is now Scotland and Ireland, and the [[Dál Riata]] who are thought to have originated from Ireland and migrated to western Scotland. Accordingly, the [[Late Latin]] word ''[[Scotia]]'' (&quot;land of the Gaels&quot;) was initially used to refer to Ireland.&lt;ref&gt;[http://books.google.com/books?id=2RlF7sq48n4C&amp;pg=PA16&amp;dq=the+latin+word+scoti+originally+referred+to+ireland&amp;cd=9#v=onepage&amp;q=&amp;f=false The History Of Ireland] Stephen Gwynn&lt;/ref&gt; By the 11th century at the latest, ''Scotia'' was being used to refer to (Gaelic-speaking) Scotland north of the [[river Forth]], alongside ''Albania'' or ''Albany'', both derived from the Gaelic ''[[Alba]]''.&lt;ref name=&quot;Brewer&quot;&gt;{{cite book | last = Ayto | first = John | coauthors = Ian Crofton | title = Brewer's Britain &amp; Ireland: The History, Culture, Folklore and Etymology of 7500 Places in These Islands | publisher=WN | url = | isbn = 0-304-35385-X }}&lt;/ref&gt; The use of the words ''Scots'' and ''Scotland'' to encompass all of what is now Scotland became common in the [[Scotland in the Late Middle Ages|Late Middle Ages]].&lt;ref name=Keay/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==History==<br /> {{Main|History of Scotland}}<br /> <br /> ===Early history===<br /> {{Main|Prehistoric Scotland}}<br /> Repeated glaciations, which covered the entire land mass of modern Scotland, destroyed any traces of human habitation that may have existed before the Mesolithic period. It is believed that the first post-glacial groups of [[hunter-gatherer]]s arrived in Scotland around 12,800 years ago, as the [[ice sheet]] retreated after the [[Last glacial period|last glaciation]].&lt;ref&gt;The earliest known evidence is a [[flint]] arrowhead from [[Islay]]. See Moffat, Alistair (2005) ''Before Scotland: The Story of Scotland Before History''. London. Thames &amp; Hudson. Page 42.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Sites at [[Cramond]] dated to 8500 BC and near [[Kinloch Castle|Kinloch]], [[Rùm]] from 7700 BC provide the earliest known evidence of human &lt;u&gt;occupation&lt;/u&gt; in Scotland. See [http://www.megalithic.co.uk/article.php?sid=2146410357 &quot;The Megalithic Portal and Megalith Map: Rubbish dump reveals time-capsule of Scotland's earliest settlements&quot;] megalithic.co.uk. Retrieved 10 February 2008 and Edwards, Kevin J. and Whittington, Graeme &quot;Vegetation Change&quot; in Edwards, Kevin J. &amp; Ralston, Ian B.M. (Eds) (2003) ''Scotland After the Ice Age: Environment, Archaeology and History, 8000 BC–AD 1000''. Edinburgh. [[Edinburgh University Press]]. Page 70.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [[File:Orkney Skara Brae.jpg|thumb|left|[[Skara Brae]], a [[Neolithic]] settlement, located in the [[Bay of Skaill]], [[Orkney]].]]<br /> Groups of settlers began building the first known permanent houses on Scottish soil around 9500 years ago, and the first villages around 6000 years ago. The well-preserved village of [[Skara Brae]] on the [[Mainland, Orkney|Mainland]] of [[Orkney]] dates from this period. [[Neolithic]] habitation, burial and ritual sites are particularly common and well-preserved in the [[Northern Isles]] and [[Western Isles]], where a lack of trees led to most structures being built of local stone.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=Pryor|first=Francis|title=Britain BC| publisher=HarperPerennial|location=London|year=2003|isbn=978-0-00-712693-4|pages=98–104 &amp; 246–250}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The discovery in Scotland of a 4000 year old tomb with burial treasures at [[Forteviot]], near [[Perth, Scotland|Perth]], the capital of a Pictish Kingdom in the 8th and 9th centuries AD, is unrivalled anywhere in Britain. It contains the remains of an [[Prehistoric Scotland|early Bronze Age]] ruler laid out on white [[quartz]] pebbles and birch bark. It was also discovered for the first time that early Bronze Age people placed flowers in their graves.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/ancient-royal-tomb-found-in-scotland-1771875.html|title=Ancient royal tomb found in Scotland|work=The Independent |location=UK |date=14 August 2009|accessdate=16 August 2009 | location=London | first=David | last=Keys}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=TFDB&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Brophy |first=Kenneth |last2=Noble |first2=Gordon |last3=Driscoll |first3=Stephen |title=The Forteviot dagger burial |journal=History Scotland |volume=10 |issue=1 |year=2010 |issn=1475-5270 |pages=12–13 |postscript=&lt;!--None--&gt; }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Scotland may have been part of a Late Bronze Age maritime trading culture called the [[Atlantic Bronze Age]] that also included the other [[Celtic nations]], and the areas that would become England, France, Spain and Portugal.&lt;ref name=Koch&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.wales.ac.uk/Resources/Documents/Research/ODonnell.pdf|title=O'Donnell Lecture 2008 Appendix|publisher=University of Wales |last=Koch|first=John|accessdate=27 May 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=Koch2009&gt;{{cite book | last = Koch | first = John | title = Tartessian: Celtic from the Southwest at the Dawn of History in Acta Palaeohispanica X Palaeohispanica 9 (2009)| publisher=Palaeohispanica | year = 2009 | pages = 339–351 | url = http://ifc.dpz.es/recursos/publicaciones/29/54/26koch.pdf | id = | issn = 1578-5386 | accessdate =17 May 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.megalithic.co.uk/article.php?sid=2146413465|title=New research suggests Welsh Celtic roots lie in Spain and Portugal|publisher=The Megalithic Portal|last=Koch|first=John|accessdate=10 May 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=Cunliffe|first=Barry|title=A Race Apart: Insularity and Connectivity in Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 75, 2009, pp. 55–64|year=2008| publisher=The Prehistoric Society|page=61}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Roman influence===<br /> {{Main|Scotland during the Roman Empire}}<br /> [[File:Ditch associated with Antonine Wall at Bar Head - geograph.org.uk - 365380.jpg|thumb|Ditch associated with Antonine Wall at Bar Head]]<br /> The written [[protohistory]] of Scotland began with the arrival of the [[Roman Empire]] in southern and central Great Britain, when the Romans occupied what is now England and Wales, administering it as a [[Roman province|province]] called ''[[Roman Britain|Britannia]]''. Roman invasions and occupations of southern Scotland were a series of brief interludes.<br /> <br /> According to the Roman historian [[Tacitus]], the [[Caledonians]] &quot;turned to armed resistance on a large scale&quot;, attacking Roman forts and skirmishing with their legions. In a surprise night-attack, the Caledonians very nearly wiped out the whole [[9th Legion]] until it was saved by Agricola's cavalry.&lt;ref name=&quot;The Romans in Scotland&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.bbc.co.uk/scotland/history/articles/the_romans/ |title = The Romans in Scotland| publisher = British Broadcasting Corporation}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In AD 83–84 the general [[Gnaeus Julius Agricola]] defeated the [[Caledonians]] at the [[Battle of Mons Graupius]]. Before the battle [[Tacitus]] wrote that the Caledonian leader, [[Calgacus]], gave a rousing speech in which he called his people the &quot;last of the free&quot; and accused the Romans of &quot;making the world a desert and calling it peace&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;The Romans in Scotland&quot;/&gt; After the Roman victory [[Castra|Roman forts]] were briefly set along the [[Gask Ridge]] close to the [[Highland Boundary Fault|Highland line]] (only [[Cawdor (Roman Fort)|Cawdor]] near [[Inverness]] is known to have been constructed beyond that line). Three years after the battle the [[Roman army|Roman armies]] had withdrawn to the [[Southern Uplands]].&lt;ref&gt;Hanson, William S. ''The Roman Presence: Brief Interludes'', in Edwards, Kevin J. &amp; Ralston, Ian B.M. (Eds) (2003) Scotland After the Ice Age: Environment, Archeology and History, 8000 BC&amp;nbsp;— AD 1000. Edinburgh. Edinburgh University Press&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The Romans erected [[Hadrian's Wall]] to control tribes on both sides of the wall,&lt;ref name=snyder&gt;{{Cite book | last = Snyder | first = Christopher A. | year = 2003 | title = The Britons | publisher=Blackwell Publishing | isbn = 0-631-22260-X | postscript = &lt;!--None--&gt;}}&lt;/ref&gt; and the ''[[Limes|Limes Britannicus]]'' became the northern border of the empire, although the army held the [[Antonine Wall]] in the [[Central Lowlands]] for two short periods—the last of these during the time of Emperor [[Septimius Severus]] from 208 until 210.&lt;ref&gt;Robertson, Anne S. (1960) ''The Antonine Wall''. Glasgow Archaeological Society.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The Roman military occupation of a significant part of northern Scotland only lasted about 40 years, although their influence on the southern section of the country, occupied by [[Brython]]ic tribes such as the [[Votadini]] and [[Damnonii]], would still have been considerable between the first and fifth centuries. The Welsh term [[Hen Ogledd]] (&quot;Old North&quot;) is used by scholars to describe the North of England and South of Scotland during its habitation by [[British language|Brythonic]] speaking people around AD 500 to 800.&lt;ref name=snyder/&gt; In the 400s, [[Gaels]] from Ireland established the kingdom of [[Dál Riata]].&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[http://www.bbc.co.uk/legacies/immig_emig/scotland/western/article_1.shtml Dalriada: The Land of the First Scots]&quot;. BBC – Legacies.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/529398/Scot Scot (ancient people)]&quot;. Encyclopædia Britannica.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Medieval period===<br /> [[File:HiltonofCadboll01.JPG|thumb|left|upright|A replica of the [[Pictish stones|Pictish]] [[Hilton of Cadboll Stone]].]]<br /> {{Main|Scotland in the Early Middle Ages|Scotland in the High Middle Ages|Scotland in the Late Middle Ages}}<br /> The [[Kingdom of the Picts]] (based in [[Fortriu]] by the 6th century) was the state that eventually became known as &quot;Alba&quot; or &quot;Scotland&quot;. The development of &quot;Pictland&quot;, according to the historical model developed by [[Peter Heather]], was a natural response to Roman imperialism.&lt;ref&gt;Peter Heather, &quot;State Formation in Europe in the First Millennium A.D.&quot;, in Barbara Crawford (ed.), ''Scotland in Dark Ages Europe'', (Aberdeen, 1994), pp. 47–63&lt;/ref&gt; Another view places emphasis on the [[Battle of Dun Nechtain]], and the reign of [[Bridei III of the Picts|Bridei m. Beli]] (671–693), with another period of consolidation in the reign of [[Óengus I of the Picts|Óengus mac Fergusa]] (732–761).&lt;ref&gt;For instance, [[Alex Woolf]], &quot;The Verturian Hegemony: a mirror in the North&quot;, in M. P. Brown &amp; C. A. Farr, (eds.), ''Mercia: an Anglo-Saxon Kingdom in Europe'', (Leicester, 2001), pp. 106–11.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The Kingdom of the Picts as it was in the early 8th century, when [[Bede]] was writing, was largely the same as the kingdom of the Scots in the reign of [[Alexander I of Scotland|Alexander I]] (1107–1124). However, by the tenth century, the Pictish kingdom was dominated by what we can recognise as [[Gaels|Gaelic]] culture, and had developed a traditional story of an Irish conquest around the ancestor of the contemporary royal dynasty, [[Kenneth I of Scotland|Cináed mac Ailpín]] (Kenneth MacAlpin).&lt;ref name=Lynch_359&gt;{{cite book|chapter=Kenneth mac Alpin|last=Brown|first=Dauvit|editor=M. Lynch|title=The Oxford Companion to Scottish History|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|location=Oxford|page=359|year=2001|isbn=978-0-19-211696-3}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|journal=Innes Review|publisher=Scottish Catholic Historical Association |last=Brown|first=Dauvit|title=Dunkeld and the origin of Scottish identity|issue=48|location=Glasgow|pages=112–124|year=1997}} reprinted in [[Dauvit Broun]] and [[Thomas Owen Clancy]] (eds.), (1999)''Spes Scotorum: Hope of Scots'', Edinburgh: T.&amp; T.Clark, pp. 95–111. ISBN 978-0-567-08682-2&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|first=Sally|last=Foster|title=Picts, Gaels and Scots (Historic Scotland)|location=London|year=1996|publisher=Batsford|isbn=978-0-7134-7485-5}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> From a base of territory in eastern Scotland north of the [[River Forth]] and south of the [[River Oykel]], the kingdom acquired control of the lands lying to the north and south. By the 12th century, the kings of Alba had added to their territories the [[Old English|English]]-speaking land in the south-east and attained overlordship of [[Scottish Gaelic|Gaelic]]-speaking [[Galloway]] and [[Old Norse|Norse]]-speaking [[Caithness]]; by the end of the 13th century, the kingdom had assumed approximately its [[Anglo-Scottish border|modern borders]]. However, processes of cultural and economic change beginning in the 12th century ensured Scotland looked very different in the later Middle Ages.<br /> <br /> The impetus for this change was the reign of [[David I of Scotland|David I]] and the [[Davidian Revolution]]. [[Feudalism]], government reorganisation and the first legally recognised towns (called [[burgh]]s) began in this period. These institutions and the immigration of French and Anglo-French knights and churchmen facilitated cultural osmosis, whereby the culture and language of the low-lying and coastal parts of the kingdom's original territory in the east became, like the newly acquired south-east, English-speaking, while the rest of the country retained the Gaelic language, apart from the Northern Isles of Orkney and Shetland, which remained under Norse rule until 1468.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last=Withers|first=Charles, W.J.|title=Gaelic in Scotland, 1698–1981|publisher=John Donald |location=Edinburgh |year=1984 |pages=16–41; |isbn=978-0-85976-097-3 |authorlink=Charles W. J. Withers}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=Barrow/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.bord-na-gaidhlig.org.uk/about-gaelic/history.html |publisher=Bòrd na Gàidhlig |author=Thomas Owen Clancy |title=Gaelic Scotland: a brief history |accessdate=21 September 2007 |archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20070911232223/http://www.bord-na-gaidhlig.org.uk/about-gaelic/history.html &lt;!-- Bot retrieved archive --&gt; |archivedate = 11 September 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Scottish state entered a largely successful and stable period between the 12th and 14th centuries, there was relative peace with England, trade and educational links were well developed with the Continent and at the height of this cultural flowering [[John Duns Scotus]] was one of Europe's most important and influential philosophers.<br /> <br /> [[File:Wfm wallace monument cropped.jpg|thumb|upright|right|The [[Wallace Monument]] commemorates [[William Wallace]], the 13th-century Scottish hero.]]<br /> The death of [[Alexander III of Scotland|Alexander III]] in March 1286, followed by that of his granddaughter [[Margaret, Maid of Norway]], broke the centuries-old succession line of Scotland's kings and shattered the 200 year golden age that began with David I. [[Edward I of England]] was asked to arbitrate between claimants for the Scottish crown, and he organised a process known as the [[Competitors for the Crown of Scotland|Great Cause]] to identify the most legitimate claimant. [[John Balliol]] was pronounced king in the Great Hall of [[Berwick Castle]] on 17 November 1292 and inaugurated at [[Scone, Perth and Kinross|Scone]] on 30 November, [[St. Andrew's Day]]. Edward I, who had coerced recognition as [[Lord Paramount of Scotland]], the feudal superior of the realm, steadily undermined John's authority.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url =http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/utk/scotland/conquered.htm | title =Scotland Conquered, 1174–1296 | publisher =National Archives}}&lt;/ref&gt; In 1294 Balliol and other Scottish lords refused Edward's demands to serve in his army against the French. Instead the Scottish parliament sent envoys to France to negotiate an alliance. Scotland and France sealed a treaty on 23 October 1295, that came to be known as the [[Auld Alliance]] (1295–1560). War ensued and King John was deposed by Edward who took personal control of Scotland. [[Andrew Moray]] and [[William Wallace]] initially emerged as the principal leaders of the resistance to English rule in what became known as the [[Wars of Scottish Independence]] (1296–1328).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url =http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/utk/scotland/regained.htm | title =Scotland Regained, 1297–1328| publisher =National Archives of the United Kingdom}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The nature of the struggle changed significantly when [[Robert the Bruce|Robert the Bruce, Earl of Carrick]], killed rival [[John III Comyn, Lord of Badenoch|John Comyn]] on 10 February 1306 at [[Greyfriars Kirk]] in [[Dumfries]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.undiscoveredscotland.co.uk/dumfries/dumfries/ |title=Dumfries Feature Page on Undiscovered Scotland |publisher=Undiscoveredscotland.co.uk |accessdate=11 June 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt; He was crowned king (as Robert I) less than seven weeks later. Robert I battled to restore Scottish Independence as King for over 20 years, beginning by winning Scotland back from the Norman English invaders piece by piece. Victory at the [[Battle of Bannockburn]] in 1314 proved that the Scots had regained control of their kingdom. In 1315 [[Edward Bruce]], brother of the King, was briefly appointed [[High King of Ireland]] during an ultimately unsuccessful Scottish invasion of Ireland aimed at strengthening Scotland's position in its wars against England. In 1320 the world's first documented [[declaration of independence]], the [[Declaration of Arbroath]], won the support of [[Pope John XXII]], leading to the legal recognition of Scottish sovereignty by the English Crown.<br /> [[File:Scottish clan map.png|thumb|left|Map of Scottish highland [[Scottish clan|clan]]s and lowland families.]]<br /> However, war with England continued for several decades after the death of Bruce, and a civil war between the Bruce dynasty and their long-term Comyn-Balliol rivals lasted until the middle of the 14th century. Although the Bruce dynasty was successful, [[David II of Scotland|David II's]] lack of an heir allowed his half-nephew [[Robert II of Scotland|Robert II]] to come to the throne and establish the [[Stewart Dynasty]].&lt;ref name=Barrow&gt;{{cite book|authorlink=G. W. S. Barrow|last=Barrow|first=Geoffrey, W.S.|title=Robert Bruce &amp; the Community of the Realm of Scotland|edition=4th|publisher=Edinburgh University Press|year=2005|isbn=0-7486-2022-2|origyear=1965}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=Grant&gt;{{cite book|first=Alexander|last=Grant|title=Independence and Nationhood: Scotland, 1306–1469|edition=New|date=6 June 1991|origyear=1984|publisher=Edinburgh University Press|pages=3–57|isbn=978-0-7486-0273-5}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Stewarts ruled Scotland for the remainder of the [[Middle Ages]]. The country they ruled experienced greater prosperity from the end of the 14th century through the Scottish Renaissance to the [[Scottish Reformation|Reformation]]. The [[Education Act 1496|Education Act of 1496]] made Scotland the first country since [[Sparta]] in [[classical Greece]] to implement a system of general [[public education]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Intro to Scottish Education&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title = Intro to Scottish Education| work=The Scottish Education Act of 1696 heralded the first National system of education in the World since ancient Sparta| url = http://www.siliconglen.com/Scotland/17_1.html |publisher=siliconglen.com| accessdate =7 March 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt; This was despite continual warfare with England, the increasing division between [[Scottish Highlands|Highlands]] and [[Scottish Lowlands|Lowlands]], and a large number of royal minorities.&lt;ref name=Grant/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|first=Jenny|last=Wormald|title=Court, Kirk and Community: Scotland|edition=New|publisher=Edinburgh University Press|date=6 June 1991|isbn=978-0-7486-0276-6|origyear=1981}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br&gt; This period was the height of the Franco-Scottish alliance. The Scots Guard – la [[Garde Écossaise]] – was founded in 1418 by [[Charles VII of France]]. The Scots soldiers of the Garde Écossaise fought alongside [[Joan of Arc]] against England during the [[Hundred Years War]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url =http://www.ltscotland.org.uk/scotlandshistory/medievallife/gardeecossaise/index.asp/| title = Medieval life Garde Ecossaise| publisher =Learning Scotland}}{{dead link|date=July 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; In March 1421 a Franco-Scots force under [[John Stewart, 2nd Earl of Buchan]], and Gilbert de Lafayette, defeated a larger English army at the [[Battle of Baugé]]. Three years later, at the [[Battle of Verneuil]], the Scots lost around 6000 men, but the Scottish intervention bought France valuable time and likely saved the country from defeat.{{citation needed|date=June 2012}}<br /> <br /> ===Early modern era===<br /> {{Main|Scotland in the Early Modern Era}}<br /> In 1502, [[James IV of Scotland]] signed the [[Treaty of Perpetual Peace]] with [[Henry VII of England]]. He also married Henry's daughter, [[Margaret Tudor]], setting the stage for the [[Union of the Crowns]]. For Henry, the marriage into one of Europe's most established monarchies gave legitimacy to the new Tudor royal line.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url =http://www.bbc.co.uk/scotland/history/articles/james_iv/| title =James IV, King of Scots 1488–1513| publisher =British Broadcasting Corporation}}&lt;/ref&gt; A decade later James made the fateful decision to invade England in support of France under the terms of the [[Auld Alliance]]. He was the last British monarch to die in battle, at the [[Battle of Flodden]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url =http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/210431/Battle-of-Flodden| title =Battle of Flodden, (Sept.&amp;nbsp;9, 1513), | publisher =Encyclopædia Britannica}}&lt;/ref&gt; Within a generation the [[Auld Alliance]] was ended by the [[Treaty of Edinburgh]]. France agreed to withdraw all land and naval forces and in the same year, 1560, the revolution of [[John Knox]] achieved its ultimate goal of convincing the Scottish parliament to revoke papal authority in Scotland.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url =http://www.bbc.co.uk/scotland/history/articles/scottish_reformation/| title =The Scottish Reformation, | publisher =BBC Scotland}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Mary, Queen of Scots]], a Catholic and former queen of France, was forced to abdicate in 1567.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url =http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/utk/scotland/religion.htm| title =Religion, Marriage and Power in Scotland, 1503–1603| publisher =The National Archives of the United Kingdom}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [[File:Portrait of King James I &amp; VI (1618-1620).jpg|thumb|right|200px|James VI succeeded to the throne of England in 1603]]<br /> In 1603, [[James VI and I|James VI, King of Scots]] inherited the thrones of the [[Kingdom of England]] and the [[Kingdom of Ireland]], and became King James I of England and Ireland, and left [[Edinburgh]] for London.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=Chronology of Scottish History|publisher=Geddes &amp; Grosset|isbn=1-85534-380-0|last=Ross|first=David|year=2002|quote='''1603:''' James VI becomes [[James I of England]] in the [[Union of the Crowns]], and leaves Edinburgh for London|page=56}}&lt;/ref&gt; With the exception of a short period under [[the Protectorate]], Scotland remained a separate state, but there was considerable conflict between the crown and the [[Covenanters]] over the form of [[Presbyterian church governance|church government]]. The [[Glorious Revolution]] of 1688–89 saw the overthrow of the [[King James II of England|King James VII of Scotland and II of England]] by the English Parliament in favour of [[William and Mary]]. As late as the 1690s, Scotland experienced [[famine]], which reduced the population of parts of the country by at least 20 percent.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;''[http://books.google.com/books?id=RiLjHZdt-sMC&amp;pg=PA2&amp;dq&amp;hl=en#v=onepage&amp;q=&amp;f=false Famine in Scotland: The 'Ill Years' of the 1690s]''&quot;. Karen Cullen,Karen J. Cullen (2010). [[Edinburgh University Press]]. p.2. ISBN 0-7486-3887-3&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 1698, the Scots attempted an ambitious project to secure a trading colony on the [[Isthmus of Panama]]. Almost every Scottish landowner who had money to spare is said to have invested in the [[Darien scheme]]. Its failure bankrupted these landowners, but not the burghs, which remained cash rich. Nevertheless, the nobles' bankruptcy, along with the threat of an English invasion, played a leading role in convincing the Scots elite to back a union with England.&lt;ref&gt;http://www.scottishaffairs.org/backiss/pdfs/sa52/Sa52_Scott.pdf&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.scottishhistorysociety.org/departments/scottishhistorysociety/resources/popularoppositiontotheratificationofthetreatyofanglo-scottishunionin1706-7/backgroundtotheissues/ | title =Popular Opposition to the Ratification of the Treaty of Anglo-Scottish Union in 1706-7| publisher =University of St Andrews}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> On 22 July 1706, the [[Treaty of Union]] was agreed between representatives of the [[Parliament of Scotland|Scots Parliament]] and the [[Parliament of England]] and the following year twin [[Acts of Union 1707|Acts of Union]] were passed by both parliaments to create the united [[Kingdom of Great Britain]] with effect from 1 May 1707.&lt;ref name=Mackie/&gt;<br /> <br /> ===18th century===<br /> <br /> With trade tariffs with England now abolished, trade blossomed, especially with [[Colonial America]]. The clippers belonging to the [[Glasgow]] [[Tobacco Lords]] were the fastest ships on the route to Virginia. Until the [[American War of Independence]] in 1776, Glasgow was the world's premier tobacco port, dominating world trade.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title =The Tobacco Lords: A study of the Tobacco Merchants of Glasgow and their Activities| publisher =Virginia Historical Society | jstor =4248011 }}&lt;/ref&gt; The disparity between the wealth of the merchant classes of the [[Scottish Lowlands]] and the ancient clans of the [[Scottish Highlands]] grew, amplifying centuries of division.<br /> [[File:The Battle of Culloden.jpg|thumb|left|David Morier's depiction of the [[Battle of Culloden]].]]<br /> The deposed [[Jacobitism|Jacobite Stuart]] claimants had remained popular in the Highlands and north-east, particularly amongst non-[[Presbyterian]]s, including Roman Catholics and [[Episcopalian Protestants]]. However, two major [[Jacobite Rising|Jacobite risings]] launched in 1715 and 1745 failed to remove the [[House of Hanover]] from the British throne. The threat of the Jacobite movement to the United Kingdom and its monarchs effectively ended at the [[Battle of Culloden]], Great Britain's last [[pitched battle]]. This defeat paved the way for large-scale removals of the indigenous populations of the Highlands and Islands, known as the [[Highland Clearances]].<br /> <br /> The [[Scottish Enlightenment]] and the [[Industrial Revolution]] made Scotland into an intellectual, commercial and industrial powerhouse&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[http://www.uiowa.edu/%7Ec008224b/scotline2.htm Some Dates in Scottish History from 1745 to 1914]&quot;, The University of Iowa.&lt;/ref&gt;–so much so that [[Voltaire]] said &quot;We look to Scotland for all our ideas of civilisation.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url =http://www.ltscotland.org.uk/scottishenlightenment/scotland/index.asp| title =Enlightenment Scotland| publisher =Learning and Teaching Scotland}}&lt;/ref&gt; With the demise of Jacobitism and the advent of the Union thousands of Scots, mainly Lowlanders, took up numerous positions of power in politics, civil service, the army and navy, trade, economics, colonial enterprises and other areas across the nascent [[British Empire]]. Historian Neil Davidson notes that “after 1746 there was an entirely new level of participation by Scots in political life, particularly outside Scotland.” Davidson also states that “far from being ‘peripheral’ to the British economy, Scotland – or more precisely, the Lowlands – lay at its core.”&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book | title =The Origins of Scottish Nationhood | author =Neil Davidson(2000)| publisher =Pluto Press| location =London | pages =94–95}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===19th century===<br /> {{Main|Scotland in the modern era}}<br /> [[File:St-Kildans.jpg|thumb|right|[[St Kilda, Scotland|St. Kildans]] sitting on the village street, 1886.]]<br /> Scotland became known across the world for its excellence in engineering, as typified by the [[River Clyde|Clyde]] built ships and locomotives built in Glasgow. Prefabricated cast iron buildings made in Scotland are still in use in India, South America and Australia.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.transportscotland.gov.uk/road/projects/m74-completion/m74-dig/Industrial-Revolution| title =Scotland and the Industrial Revolution| publisher =Transport Scotland}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> Prominent scientists, engineers and architects of the industrial age included [[David Dale]], [[Joseph Black]], [[Thomas Telford]], [[Robert Stevenson (civil engineer)|Robert Stevenson]], [[James Watt]], [[James Nasmyth]], [[Robert Adam]] and [[John MacAdam]].<br /> <br /> ===Scottish diaspora===<br /> Scots born migrants also played a leading role in the foundation and principles of the United States ([[John Witherspoon]], [[John Paul Jones]], [[Andrew Carnegie]], [[John Muir]]),&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://undpress.nd.edu/book/P01005| title =John Witherspoon and the Founding of the American Republic| publisher =University of Notre Dame Press}}&lt;/ref&gt; Canada ([[John A Macdonald]], [[James Murray (Quebec governor)|James Murray]], [[Tommy Douglas]]),&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|author=J.M. Bumsted |url=http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&amp;Params=A1ARTA0007222 |title=Scots |publisher=The Canadian Encyclopedia |accessdate=6 May 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; Australia ([[Lachlan Macquarie]], [[Thomas Brisbane]], [[Andrew Fisher]]),&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/rn/lifematters/stories/2008/2300002.htm |title=The Scots in Australia – Life Matters|publisher=ABC Radio National (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) |date=16 July 2008 |accessdate=6 May 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; and New Zealand ([[James Mckenzie (outlaw)|James Mckenzie]], [[Peter Fraser (New Zealand politician)|Peter Fraser]]).&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/scots/9| title =New Zealand: Scots Education An influential group| publisher =Ministry for Culture and Heritage / Te Manatu Taonga}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Early 20th century===<br /> [[File:Royal Scots with flag 01-1945.jpg|thumb|left|[[Royal Scots]] with captured Japanese flag, Burma, January 1945.]]<br /> Scotland played a major role in the British effort in the [[First World War]]. It especially provided manpower, ships, machinery, fish and money.&lt;ref&gt;Richard J. Finlay, ''Modern Scotland 1914–2000'' (2006), pp 1–33&lt;/ref&gt; With a population of 4.8 million in 1911, Scotland sent over half a million men to the war, of whom over a quarter died in combat or from disease, and 150,000 were seriously wounded.&lt;ref&gt;R. A. Houston and W.W. J. Knox, eds. ''The New Penguin History of Scotland'' (2001) p 426.[http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=VI5nAAAAMAAJ&amp;q=casualties] Niall Ferguson points out in “The Pity of War” that the proportion of enlisted Scots who died was third highest in the war behind Serbia and Turkey and a much higher proportion than in other parts of the UK.[http://books.google.com/books?ei=AJtPTtinKseKhQfUufnzBg&amp;ct=result&amp;id=QrYhAQAAIAAJ&amp;dq=niall+ferguson&amp;q=enlisted][http://news.scotsman.com/worldwarone/39Savage-Scots39-wish-you-weren39t.6487746.jp]&lt;/ref&gt; [[Field Marshal (United Kingdom)|Field Marshal]] [[Douglas Haig|Sir Douglas Haig]] was Britain's commander on the Western Front.<br /> <br /> The war saw the emergence of a radical movement called &quot;[[Red Clydeside]]&quot; led by militant trades unionists. Formerly a [[Liberal Party (UK)|Liberal]] stronghold, the industrial districts switched to [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour]] by 1922, with a base among the [[Irish Catholic]] working class districts. Women were especially active in building neighbourhood solidarity on housing issues. However, the &quot;Reds&quot; operated within the Labour Party and had little influence in Parliament and the mood changed to passive despair by the late 1920s.&lt;ref&gt;Iain McLean, ''The Legend of Red Clydeside'' (1983)&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The shipbuilding industry expanded by a third and expected renewed prosperity, but instead a serious depression hit the economy by 1922 and it did not fully recover until 1939. The interwar years were marked by economic stagnation in rural and urban areas, and high unemployment.&lt;ref&gt;Finlay, ''Modern Scotland 1914–2000'' (2006), pp 34–72&lt;/ref&gt; Indeed, the war brought with it deep social, cultural, economic, and political dislocations. Thoughtful Scots pondered their declension, as the main social indicators such as poor health, bad housing, and long-term mass unemployment, pointed to terminal social and economic stagnation at best, or even a downward spiral. Service abroad on behalf of the Empire lost its allure to ambitious young people, who left Scotland permanently. The heavy dependence on obsolescent heavy industry and mining was a central problem, and no one offered workable solutions. The despair reflected what Finlay (1994) describes as a widespread sense of hopelessness that prepared local business and political leaders to accept a new orthodoxy of centralised government economic planning when it arrived during the [[Second World War]].&lt;ref&gt;Richard J. Finlay, &quot;National identity in Crisis: Politicians, Intellectuals and the 'End of Scotland', 1920–1939,&quot; ''History,'' June 1994, Vol. 79 Issue 256, pp 242–59&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The Second World War brought renewed prosperity, despite extensive bombing of cities by the Luftwaffe. It saw the invention of radar by [[Robert Watson-Watt]], which was invaluable in the [[Battle of Britain]] as was the leadership at [[RAF Fighter Command]] of [[Air Chief Marshal (UK)|Air Chief Marshal]] [[Hugh Dowding|Sir Hugh Dowding]].&lt;ref&gt;Finlay, ''Modern Scotland 1914–2000'' (2006), pp 162–197&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Since 1945===<br /> After 1945, Scotland's economic situation became progressively worse due to overseas competition, inefficient industry, and industrial disputes.&lt;ref&gt;Harvie, Christopher ''No Gods and Precious Few Heroes'' (Edward Arnold, 1989) pp 54–63.&lt;/ref&gt; Only in recent decades has the country enjoyed something of a cultural and economic renaissance. Economic factors that have contributed to this recovery include a resurgent financial services industry, [[electronics manufacturing]], (see [[Silicon Glen]]),&lt;ref&gt;See Stewart, Heather, &quot;[http://politics.guardian.co.uk/scotland/comment/0,,2073303,00.html Celtic Tiger Burns Brighter at Holyrood], ''[[The Guardian|The Guardian Unlimited]]'', 6 May 2007 for an account of Scotland's economic challenges, especially after the dotcom downturn, as it competes with the emerging Eastern European economies.&lt;/ref&gt; and the [[North Sea oil]] and gas industry.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2004/04/19170/35326 &quot;National Planning Framework for Scotland&quot;]{{dead link|date=July 2011}} Scottish Government publication, (web-page last updated 6 April 2006), which states ''&quot;Since the 1970s, the development of North Sea oil and gas fields has made an important contribution to the Scottish economy, and underpinned prosperity in the North-East.&quot;'' Retrieved on 7 November 2007.&lt;/ref&gt; The introduction in 1989 by Margaret Thatcher's government of the [[Community Charge]] (widely known as the Poll Tax) one year before the rest of the United Kingdom, contributed to a growing movement for a return to direct Scottish control over domestic affairs.&lt;ref&gt;[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/scotland/7976782.stm &quot;The poll tax in Scotland 20 years on&quot;] British Broadcasting Corporation,&lt;/ref&gt; Following a [[Scottish devolution referendum, 1997|referendum on devolution proposals in 1997]], the [[Scotland Act 1998]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.opsi.gov.uk/Acts/acts1998/ukpga_19980046_en_1 &quot;The Scotland Act 1998&quot;] Office of Public Sector Information. Retrieved 22 April 2008.&lt;/ref&gt; was passed by the [[United Kingdom Parliament]] to establish a devolved [[Scottish Parliament]] and [[Scottish Government]] with responsibility for most laws specific to Scotland.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.scotland.gov.uk/About/18060/11552 &quot;Devolution &gt; Scottish responsibilities&quot;]{{dead link|date=July 2011}} Scottish Government publication, (web-page last updated November 2010)&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Government and politics==<br /> {{Main|Politics of Scotland|Scottish Parliament|Scottish Government}}<br /> [[File:Scottish Cabinet, May 2011.jpg|thumb|right|The 2011 [[Government of the 4th Scottish Parliament#Second Salmond government|cabinet]] of the [[Scottish Government]]]]<br /> Scotland's [[head of state]] is the [[monarch of the United Kingdom]], currently [[Elizabeth II|Queen Elizabeth II]] (since 1952). The title ''Elizabeth II'' caused [[List of titles and honours of Queen Elizabeth II#Scottish controversy|controversy]] around the time of the queen's coronation, as there had never been an ''Elizabeth I'' in Scotland. A legal case, [[MacCormick v. Lord Advocate]] (1953 SC 396), was taken to contest the right of the Queen to title herself ''Elizabeth II'' within Scotland, arguing that to do so would be a breach of Article 1 of the Treaty of Union.<br /> <br /> The [[Lord Advocate]] won the case and it was decided that future British monarchs would be [[Monarchical ordinal|numbered]] according to either their English or Scottish predecessors, whichever number is higher.&lt;ref&gt;[[Winston Churchill]], House of Commons [[Hansard|Official Report]] cols 199–201, 15 April 1953&lt;/ref&gt; Hence, any future King James would be styled James VIII (since the last Scottish King James was [[James VII of Scotland|James VII]] (also James II of England, etc.)) while the next King Henry would be King Henry IX throughout the UK despite the fact that there have been no Scottish kings of the name.<br /> <br /> Scotland has partial [[self-government]] within the United Kingdom as well as representation in the UK Parliament. Executive and legislative powers have been devolved to, respectively, the [[Scottish Government]] and the Scottish Parliament at [[Holyrood, Edinburgh|Holyrood]] in Edinburgh. The [[United Kingdom Parliament]] retains power over a set list of areas explicitly specified in the [[Scotland Act 1998]] as [[reserved matters]], including, for example, levels of UK [[UK tax system|taxes]], [[UK social security|social security]], [[UK military|defence]], [[UK international relations|international relations]] and [[UK broadcasting|broadcasting]].&lt;ref name= Gate&gt;[http://web.archive.org/web/20071020091749/http://www.scotland.org/about/fact-file/government/index.html &quot;Government of Scotland Facts&quot;] Scotland.org&amp;nbsp;— The Official Online Gateway. Retrieved 26 September 2007.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The Scottish Parliament has [[legislative]] authority for all other areas relating to Scotland, as well as [[Tartan Tax|limited power to vary income tax]]. Former Prime Minister Gordon Brown, in a [[BBC Scotland]] interview, indicated that the Scottish Parliament could be given more tax-raising powers.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.sundayherald.com/news/heraldnews/display.var.2050686.0.0.php|title=Brown opens door to Holyrood tax powers|publisher=Sunday Herald|date=10 July 2009|accessdate=10 July 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The Scottish Parliament can give legislative consent over devolved matters back to Westminster by passing a [[Legislative Consent Motion]] if United Kingdom-wide legislation is considered to be more appropriate for a certain issue. The programmes of legislation enacted by the Scottish Parliament have seen a divergence in the provision of [[public services]] compared to the rest of the United Kingdom. For instance, the costs of a university education, and care services for the elderly are free at point of use in Scotland, while fees are paid in the rest of the UK. Scotland was the first country in the UK to ban smoking in enclosed public places.&lt;ref&gt;BBC Scotland News Online &quot;[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/4845260.stm Scotland begins pub smoking ban]&quot;, ''BBC Scotland News'', 26 March 2006. Retrieved 17 July 2006.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [[File:Scottish Parliament, Main Debating Chamber - geograph.org.uk - 1650829.jpg|left|thumb|The debating chamber of the [[Scottish Parliament Building]]]]<br /> The Scottish Parliament is a [[unicameral]] legislature comprising 129 [[Members of the Scottish Parliament|Members]], 73 of whom represent individual [[Scottish Parliament constituencies|constituencies]] and are elected on a [[first past the post]] system; 56 are elected in eight different electoral regions by the [[additional member system (Scottish Parliament)|additional member system]], serving for a four year period. The Queen appoints one [[Member of the Scottish Parliament]], (MSP), on the nomination of the Parliament, to be [[First Minister of Scotland|First Minister]]. Other Ministers are also appointed by the First Minister and serve at his/her discretion, together they make up the [[Scottish Government]], the executive arm of government.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.scotland.gov.uk/About/Ministers &quot;About Scottish Ministers&quot;]{{dead link|date=November 2010}} Scottish Government. Retrieved 26 September 2007.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In the [[Scottish Parliament election, 2011|2011 election]], the [[Scottish National Party]] (SNP) formed a majority government after winning 69 of the 129 seat Parliament; This was the first majority government since the modern post-devolutionary Scottish Parliament was established in 1999. The leader of the SNP, [[Alex Salmond]], continued as First Minister. The [[Scottish Labour Party|Labour Party]] continued as the largest opposition party, with the [[Scottish Conservative Party|Conservative Party]], the [[Scottish Liberal Democrats|Liberal Democrats]], and the [[Scottish Green Party|Green Party]] also represented in the Parliament. [[Margo MacDonald]] is the only [[independent (politician)|independent]] MSP sitting in Parliament. The next [[Scottish Parliament general election, 2016|Scottish Parliament general election]] will be held on 5 May 2016. The [[Scotland Bill 2011|Scotland Bill]], put forward by the [[Calman Commission]] and cleared by the UK [[House of Commons of the United Kingdom|House of Commons]], proposes devolving more power to Scotland. The bill has yet to be put into legislation. The Scottish National Party, who did not take part in the consultation, believe the bill does not devolve enough powers to the Scottish Parliament.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://breakingnews.heraldscotland.com/breaking-news/?mode=article&amp;site=hs&amp;id=N0403941296156340260A|title=Commons clears transfer of power|publisher=Heraldscotland|date=January 2011|accessdate=4 October 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Scotland is represented in the [[British House of Commons]] by [[List of MPs for constituencies in Scotland 2010–|59 MPs]] elected from territory-based [[Scottish Westminster constituencies from 2005|Scottish constituencies]]. The [[Scotland Office]] represents the UK government in Scotland on reserved matters and represents Scottish interests within the UK government.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.scotlandoffice.gov.uk/our-communications/doc.php?id=11|title=Scotland Office Charter|work=Scotland Office website|date=9 August 2004|accessdate=22 December 2007 |archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20071030185025/http://www.scotlandoffice.gov.uk/our-communications/doc.php?id=11 |archivedate = 30 October 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Scotland office is led by the [[Secretary of State for Scotland]], who sits in the [[Cabinet of the United Kingdom]], the current incumbent being [[Michael Moore (UK politician)|Michael Moore]].<br /> <br /> ===Administrative subdivisions===<br /> {{Main|Subdivisions of Scotland}}<br /> [[File:Glasgow City Chambers, Glasgow.jpg|thumb|right|[[Glasgow City Chambers]], viewed from George Square]] Historical subdivisions of Scotland included the [[mormaerdom]], [[stewartries|stewartry]], [[earldom]], [[burgh]], parish, [[Counties of Scotland|county]] and [[Regions and districts of Scotland|regions and districts]]. These names are still sometimes used as geographical descriptors.<br /> <br /> Modern Scotland is subdivided in various ways depending on the purpose. For [[Local government of Scotland|local government]], there have been 32 [[council areas]] since 1996,&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.opsi.gov.uk/acts/acts1994/Ukpga_19940039_en_1.htm &quot;Local Government etc. (Scotland) Act 1994&quot;] Office of Public Sector Information. Retrieved 26 September 2007.&lt;/ref&gt; whose councils are [[unitary authorities]] responsible for the provision of all local government services. [[Community council]]s are informal organisations that represent specific sub-divisions of a council area.<br /> <br /> For the [[Scottish Parliament]], there are 73 [[Scottish Parliament constituencies and regions|constituencies]] and eight regions. For the Parliament of the United Kingdom, there are 59 [[list of UK Parliamentary constituencies in Scotland|constituencies]]. The Scottish fire brigades and police forces are still based on the system of regions introduced in 1975. For healthcare and postal districts, and a number of other governmental and non-governmental organisations such as the churches, there are other long-standing methods of subdividing Scotland for the purposes of administration.<br /> <br /> [[City status in the United Kingdom]] is conferred by [[letters patent]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.dca.gov.uk/constitution/city/cityhome.htm &quot;City status&quot;] [[Department for Constitutional Affairs]]. Retrieved 26 September 2007.&lt;/ref&gt; There are seven cities in Scotland: [[Aberdeen]], [[Dundee]], Edinburgh, [[Glasgow]], [[Inverness]], [[Stirling]] and [[Perth, Scotland|Perth]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.dca.gov.uk/constitution/city/citygj.htm &quot;UK Cities&quot;] Department for Constitutional Affairs. Retrieved 26 September 2007.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Scotland within the UK===<br /> [[File:Welcome to Scotland sign A1 road.jpg|thumb|left|Welcome sign at the Scottish border on the [[A1 road (Great Britain)|A1]].]]<br /> A policy of [[devolution]] had been advocated by the three main UK parties with varying enthusiasm during recent history. The late Labour leader [[John Smith (UK politician)|John Smith]] described the revival of a Scottish parliament as the &quot;settled will of the Scottish people&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;Cavanagh, Michael (2001) ''[http://gdl.cdlr.strath.ac.uk/aspect/docs/aspectcampaigns.htm The Campaigns for a Scottish Parliament]''. [[University of Strathclyde]]. Retrieved 12 April 2008.&lt;/ref&gt; The constitutional status of Scotland is nonetheless subject to ongoing debate. <br /> <br /> In 2007, the Scottish Government established a &quot;[[National Conversation]]&quot; on constitutional issues, proposing a number of options such as increasing the powers of the Scottish Parliament, [[federation|federalism]], or a referendum on [[Scottish independence]] from the United Kingdom. In rejecting the last option, the three main opposition parties in the Scottish Parliament have proposed a separate [[Scottish Constitutional Commission]] to investigate the distribution of powers between devolved Scottish and UK-wide bodies.&lt;ref&gt;''[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/7195800.stm Party people confront new realities]''. [[BBC]] News. Retrieved 18 January 2008.&lt;/ref&gt; In August 2009 the SNP [[Scottish referendum bill 2010|proposed a referendum bill]] to hold a referendum on independence in November 2010. Immediate opposition from all other major parties led to an expected defeat.&lt;ref name=ReferendumBill2010&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.scotland.gov.uk/About/programme-for-government/2009-10/summary-of-bills/referendum-bill |title=Referendum Bill |publisher=[[Scottish Government]] |work=Official website, About &gt; Programme for Government &gt; 2009–10 &gt; Summaries of Bills &gt; Referendum Bill |date=2 September 2009 |accessdate=10 September 2009 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5jggEjHoR |archivedate=10 September 2009}}{{dead link|date=July 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=Times3Sep09&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/scotland/article6820542.ece |title=Salmond to push ahead with referendum Bill |work=The Times |date=3 September 2009 |accessdate=10 September 2009 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5jgoTKBiL |archivedate=10 September 2009 | location=London | first=Angus | last=MacLeod }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> These plans were put on hold by the [[Scottish National Party]] until after the 2011 Scottish Parliament elections.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news| url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-11196967 |work=BBC News | title=Scottish independence plan 'an election issue' | date=6 September 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; With the outcome of the May 2011 elections allowing an SNP majority in the Scottish Parliament, a referendum on Scotland's future within the UK is to be held in Autumn 2014, with the Scottish Government launching its consultation on 25 January 2012.<br /> <br /> ==Law and criminal justice==<br /> {{Main|Scots law}}<br /> [[File:Parliament House, Edinburgh.JPG|thumb|right|[[Parliament House, Edinburgh|Parliament House]], in Edinburgh, is the home of the [[Court of Session]].]]Scots law has a basis derived from [[Roman law]],&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Tradition and Environment in a time of change&quot;, J. A. Lillie (1970). &quot;The law of Scotland has many roots in and affinities with the law of the Romans, the 'Civil Law' &quot;:{{cite web|title=History of the Faculty of Law|url=http://www.law.ed.ac.uk/history/chpt4.aspx|publisher=The University of Edinburgh School of Law |accessdate=22 October 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt; combining features of both uncodified [[civil law (legal system)|civil law]], dating back to the ''[[Corpus Juris Civilis]]'', and [[common law]] with [[Legal institutions of Scotland in the High Middle Ages|medieval sources]]. The terms of the Treaty of Union with England in 1707 guaranteed the continued existence of a separate [[legal systems of the world|legal system]] in Scotland from [[English law|that of England and Wales]].&lt;ref&gt;The Articles: legal and miscellaneous, UK Parliament House of Lords (2007). &quot;Article 19: The Scottish legal system and its courts was to remain unchanged&quot;:{{cite web|title=Act of Union 1707|url=http://www.parliament.uk/actofunion/04_05_legal.html|publisher=House of Lords|accessdate=22 October 2007 |archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20071114022831/http://www.parliament.uk/actofunion/04_05_legal.html |archivedate = 14 November 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt; Prior to 1611, there were several regional law systems in Scotland, most notably [[Udal law]] in [[Orkney]] and [[Shetland]], based on old [[Norsemen|Norse law]]. Various other systems derived from common [[Celtic law|Celtic]] or [[Brehon laws]] survived in the [[Scottish Highlands|Highlands]] until the 1800s.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Law and institutions, Gaelic&quot; &amp; &quot;Law and lawyers&quot; in M. Lynch (ed.), ''The Oxford Companion to Scottish History'', (Oxford, 2001), pp. 381–382 &amp; 382–386. Udal Law remains relevant to land law in Orkney and Shetland: {{cite web|title=A General History of Scots Law (20th century) |url=http://www.lawscot.org.uk/uploads/Ad-Hoc/AGeneralHistoryofScotsLaw_20thCentury.pdf |format=PDF|publisher=Law Society of Scotland |accessdate=20 September 2007 |archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20070925220347/http://www.lawscot.org.uk/uploads/Ad-Hoc/AGeneralHistoryofScotsLaw_20thCentury.pdf &lt;!-- Bot retrieved archive --&gt; |archivedate = 25 September 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Scots law provides for three types of [[Courts of Scotland|courts]] responsible for the administration of justice: [[Private law|civil]], [[criminal law|criminal]] and [[Law of Arms|heraldic]]. The supreme civil court is the [[Court of Session]], although civil [[appeal (law)|appeals]] can be taken to the [[Supreme Court of the United Kingdom]] (or before 1 October 2009, the [[Judicial functions of the House of Lords|House of Lords]]). The [[High Court of Justiciary]] is the supreme criminal court in Scotland. The [[Court of Session]] is housed at [[Parliament House, Edinburgh|Parliament House]], in Edinburgh, which was the home of the pre-Union [[Parliament of Scotland]] with the [[High Court of Justiciary]] and the Supreme Court of Appeal currently located at the [[Lawnmarket]]. The [[sheriff court]] is the main criminal and civil court, hearing most of the cases. There are 49 sheriff courts throughout the country.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.scotcourts.gov.uk/locations/index.asp &quot;Court Information&quot;] www.scotcourts.gov.uk. Retrieved 26 September 207.&lt;/ref&gt; [[District Courts of Scotland|District courts]] were introduced in 1975 for minor offences and small claims. The [[Court of the Lord Lyon]] regulates heraldry.<br /> <br /> For many decades the Scots legal system was unique for a period in being the only legal system without a parliament. This ended with the advent of the [[Scottish Parliament]], which legislates for Scotland. Many features within the system have been preserved. Within criminal law, the Scots legal system is unique in having three possible [[verdict]]s: &quot;[[guilt (law)|guilt]]y&quot;, &quot;[[not guilty]]&quot; and &quot;''[[not proven]]''&quot;. Both &quot;not guilty&quot; and &quot;not proven&quot; result in an [[acquittal]] with no possibility of [[retrial]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/scotland/article431121.ece?token=null&amp;offset=0&amp;page=1 The case for keeping 'not proven' verdict] www.timesonline.co.uk. Retrieved 7 August 2008.&lt;/ref&gt; Many laws differ between Scotland and the rest of [[Great Britain|Britain]], whereas many terms differ. [[Manslaughter]], in [[England and Wales]], becomes [[culpable homicide]] in Scotland, and arson becomes wilful fireraising. Procedure also differs. Scots juries consist of fifteen, not twelve jurors as is more common in [[List of countries where English is an official language|English-speaking countries]].<br /> <br /> The [[Scottish civil procedure|civil legal system]] has however attracted much recent criticism from a senior Scottish Judge who referred to it as being &quot;Victorian&quot; and antiquated.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Forsyth |first=John |url=http://thescotsman.scotsman.com/scotland/Senior-judge-hits-out-at.5250755.jp |title=Senior judge hits out at 'Victorian' Scots courts – The Scotsman |work=The Scotsman |accessdate=8 July 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt; The [[Scottish Prison Service]] (SPS) manages the prisons in Scotland, which collectively house over 8,500 prisoners.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.sps.gov.uk/default.aspx?documentid=7811a7f1-6c61-4667-a12c-f102bbf5b808 |title=Prisoner Population |publisher=Sps.gov.uk |accessdate=8 July 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt; The [[Cabinet Secretary for Justice]] is responsible for the Scottish Prison Service within the Scottish Government.<br /> <br /> ==Geography and natural history==<br /> {{Main|Geography of Scotland}}<br /> [[Image:Little Cumbrae.JPG|thumb|left|The island of [[Little Cumbrae]] with the [[Isle of Arran]] in the background]]<br /> The mainland of Scotland comprises the northern third of the land mass of the island of Great Britain, which lies off the northwest coast of [[Continental Europe]]. The total area is {{convert|78772|km2|sqmi|0|abbr=on}},&lt;ref name=Whitaker&gt;''Whitaker's Almanack'' (1991) London. J. Whitaker and Sons.&lt;/ref&gt; comparable to the size of the Czech Republic. Scotland's only land border is with England, and runs for {{convert|96|km|mi|0}} between the basin of the [[River Tweed]] on the east coast and the [[Solway Firth]] in the west. The Atlantic Ocean borders the west coast and the [[North Sea]] is to the east. The island of Ireland lies only {{convert|30|km|mi|0}} from the southwestern peninsula of [[Kintyre]];&lt;ref name=&quot;Atlas&quot;&gt;{{cite book |author=Munro, D |title=Scotland Atlas and Gazetteer |pages=1–2 |publisher=Harper Collins |year=1999}}&lt;/ref&gt; Norway is {{convert|305|km|mi|0}} to the east and the [[Faroes]], {{convert|270|km|mi|0}} to the north.<br /> <br /> The territorial extent of Scotland is generally that established by the 1237 [[Treaty of York]] between Scotland and the [[Kingdom of England]]&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/utk/scotland/conquered.htm &quot;Uniting the Kingdoms?&quot;] National Archives. Retrieved 21 November 2006.&lt;/ref&gt; and the 1266 [[Treaty of Perth]] between Scotland and Norway.&lt;ref name=Mackie&gt;Mackie, J.D. (1969) ''A History of Scotland''. London. Penguin.&lt;/ref&gt; Important exceptions include the [[Isle of Man]], which having been lost to England in the 14th century is now a [[crown dependency]] outside of the United Kingdom; the island groups [[Orkney]] and [[Shetland]], which were acquired from Norway in 1472;&lt;ref name=Whitaker/&gt; and [[Berwick-upon-Tweed]], lost to England in 1482.<br /> <br /> The geographical [[centre of Scotland]] lies a few miles from the village of [[Newtonmore]] in [[Badenoch]].&lt;ref&gt;See [http://www.highlandhostel.co.uk/wherearewe.htm &quot;The 'Where Are We' page&quot;]{{dead link|date=February 2012}} highlandhostel.co.uk. Retrieved 22 September 2007.&lt;/ref&gt; Rising to {{convert|1344|m|ft|0}} above sea level, Scotland's highest point is the summit of [[Ben Nevis]], in [[Lochaber]], while Scotland's longest river, the [[River Tay]], flows for a distance of {{convert|190|km|mi|0}}.&lt;ref&gt;Keay, J. &amp; Keay, J. (1994) ''Collins Encyclopaedia of Scotland''. London. HarperCollins. Pages 734 and 930.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://ca.encarta.msn.com/dictionary_561508579/Tay.html &quot;Tay&quot;]{{dead link|date=November 2010}} Encarta. Retrieved 21 March 2008.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Geology and geomorphology===<br /> {{Main|Geology of Scotland}}<br /> [[File:Scotland (Location) Named (HR).png|float|right|thumb|upright|Relief map of Scotland]]<br /> The whole of Scotland was covered by ice sheets during the [[Pleistocene]] [[ice ages]] and the landscape is much affected by [[glaciation]]. From a geological perspective the country has three main sub-divisions.<br /> <br /> The [[Highlands and Islands]] lie to the north and west of the [[Highland Boundary Fault]], which runs from [[Isle of Arran|Arran]] to [[Stonehaven]]. This part of Scotland largely comprises ancient rocks from the [[Cambrian]] and [[Precambrian]], which were uplifted during the later [[Caledonian Orogeny]]. It is interspersed with [[igneous]] intrusions of a more recent age, the remnants of which have formed mountain massifs such as the [[Cairngorms]] and [[Skye]] [[Cuillins]].<br /> <br /> A significant exception to the above are the fossil-bearing beds of [[Old Red Sandstone]]s found principally along the [[Moray Firth]] coast. The [[Scottish Highlands|Highlands]] are generally mountainous and the highest elevations in the British Isles are found here. Scotland has over 790 islands, which are divided into four main groups: [[Shetland Islands|Shetland]], [[Orkney Islands|Orkney]], and the [[Inner Hebrides]] and [[Outer Hebrides]]. There are numerous bodies of [[freshwater]] including [[Loch Lomond]] and [[Loch Ness]]. Some parts of the coastline consist of [[machair (geography)|machair]], a low lying dune pasture land.<br /> <br /> The [[Central Lowlands]] is a [[rift valley]] mainly comprising [[Paleozoic]] formations. Many of these sediments have economic significance for it is here that the coal and iron bearing rocks that fuelled Scotland's [[industrial revolution]] are to be found. This area has also experienced intense [[volcanism]], [[Arthur's Seat, Edinburgh|Arthur’s Seat]] in Edinburgh being the remnant of a once much larger volcano. This area is relatively low-lying, although even here hills such as the [[Ochil Hills|Ochils]] and [[Campsie Fells]] are rarely far from view.<br /> <br /> The [[Southern Uplands]] are a range of hills almost {{convert|200|km|mi|0}} long, interspersed with broad valleys. They lie south of a second [[fault (geology)|fault line]] (the Southern Uplands fault) that runs from [[Girvan]] to [[Dunbar]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.undiscoveredscotland.co.uk/usscotfax/geo/index.html |title=Scotfax: Geography of Scotland on Undiscovered Scotland |publisher=Undiscoveredscotland.co.uk |accessdate=11 June 2009 |archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20080618144418/http://www.undiscoveredscotland.co.uk/usscotfax/geo/index.html |archivedate = 18 June 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.tiscali.co.uk/reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0029160.html |title=Southern Uplands |publisher=Tiscali.co.uk |date=16 November 1990 |accessdate=11 June 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/scotland/education/bitesize/standard/other/sos/geography/physical/answerphysical_59.shtml |title=Education Scotland – Standard Grade Bitesize Revision – Ask a Teacher – Geography – Physical – Question From PN |publisher=BBC |accessdate=11 June 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Scotland Today » ITKT&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.intheknowtraveler.com/1144 |title=Scotland Today &quot; ITKT |publisher=Intheknowtraveler.com |date=28 December 2006 |accessdate=11 June 2009 |archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20070106204251/http://www.intheknowtraveler.com/1144 |archivedate = 6 January 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt; The geological foundations largely comprise [[Silurian]] deposits laid down some 4–500&amp;nbsp;million years ago. The high point of the Southern Uplands is [[Merrick, Galloway|Merrick]] with an elevation of {{convert|843|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}.&lt;ref name=Keay&gt;Keay, J. &amp; Keay, J. (1994) ''Collins Encyclopaedia of Scotland''. London. HarperCollins.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Murray, W.H. (1973) ''The Islands of Western Scotland''. London. Eyre Methuen ISBN 978-0-413-30380-6&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Murray, W.H. (1968) ''The Companion Guide to the West Highlands of Scotland''. London. Collins. ISBN 0-00-211135-7&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Johnstone, Scott ''et al.'' (1990) ''The Corbetts and Other Scottish Hills''. Edinburgh. Scottish Mountaineering Trust. Page 9.&lt;/ref&gt; The Southern Uplands is home to the UK's highest village, [[Wanlockhead]] ({{convert|430|m|ft|0|abbr=on|disp=s}} above sea level).&lt;ref name=&quot;Scotland Today » ITKT&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Climate===<br /> {{Main|Climate of Scotland}}<br /> [[File:Tiree, Balephuil Bay.jpg|thumb|left|[[Tiree]], one of the sunniest locations in Scotland]]<br /> The climate of Scotland is [[temperate]] and [[oceanic climate|oceanic]], and tends to be very changeable. It is warmed by the [[Gulf Stream]] from the [[Atlantic Ocean|Atlantic]], and as such has much milder winters (but cooler, wetter summers) than areas on similar latitudes, for example [[Labrador]], southern [[Scandinavia]], the [[Moscow]] region in [[Russia]], or the [[Kamchatka Peninsula]] on the opposite side of [[Eurasia]]. However, temperatures are generally lower than in the rest of the UK, with the coldest ever UK temperature of {{convert|-27.2|°C|°F|2}} recorded at [[Braemar]] in the [[Grampian Mountains (Scotland)|Grampian Mountains]], on 11 February 1895.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.bbc.co.uk/weather/features/understanding/uk_records.shtml BBC Weather: UK Records]{{dead link|date=February 2012}} BBC.co.uk. Retrieved 21 September 2007. The same temperature was also recorded In Braemar on 10 January 1982 and at [[Altnaharra]], [[Highland (council area)|Highland]], on 30 December 1995.&lt;/ref&gt; Winter maximums average {{convert|6|°C|°F|1}} in the lowlands, with summer maximums averaging {{convert|18|°C|°F|1}}. The highest temperature recorded was {{convert|32.9|°C|°F|2}} at [[Greycrook]], [[Scottish Borders]] on 9 August 2003.&lt;ref name=Metext&gt;[http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate/uk/extremes/ &quot;Weather extremes&quot;] Met Office. Retrieved 20 April 2010.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In general, the west of Scotland is usually warmer than the east, owing to the influence of Atlantic [[ocean currents]] and the colder surface temperatures of the [[North Sea]]. [[Tiree]], in the [[Inner Hebrides]], is one of the sunniest places in the country: it had more than 300 hours of sunshine in May 1975.&lt;ref name=Metext/&gt; Rainfall varies widely across Scotland. The western highlands of Scotland are the wettest place, with annual rainfall exceeding {{convert|3000|mm|in|1|abbr=on}}.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate/uk/ws/ &quot;Western Scotland: climate&quot;] Met Office. Retrieved 20 April 2010.&lt;/ref&gt; In comparison, much of lowland Scotland receives less than {{convert|800|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} annually.&lt;ref name=Meteast&gt;[http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate/uk/es/ &quot;Eastern Scotland: climate&quot;] Met Office. Retrieved 20 April 2010.&lt;/ref&gt; Heavy snowfall is not common in the lowlands, but becomes more common with altitude. [[Braemar]] experiences an average of 59 snow days per year,&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.bbc.co.uk/weather/features/understanding/scotland_01.shtml Scottish Weather Part One]{{dead link|date=February 2012}} BBC.co.uk Retrieved 21 September 2007&lt;/ref&gt; while many coastal areas average fewer than 10 days of lying snow per annum.&lt;ref name=Meteast/&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Flora and fauna===<br /> {{Main|Fauna of Scotland|Flora of Scotland}}<br /> &lt;!-- Wikipedia has so far declined to provide a style for all species names. The main article (Fauna of Scotland) uses the convention of capitalising them. If you wish to change the style used here, discuss in advance on the talk page.--&gt;<br /> [[File:Mountain Hare Scotland.jpg|right|thumb|[[Mountain Hare]]]]<br /> Scotland's wildlife is typical of the north west of Europe, although several of the larger mammals such as the [[Eurasian Lynx|lynx]], [[Eurasian Brown Bear|brown bear]], [[Eurasian wolf|wolf]], [[Moose|elk]] and [[walrus]] were hunted to extinction in historic times. There are important populations of [[pinniped|seals]] and internationally significant nesting grounds for a variety of [[seabird]]s such as [[Northern Gannet|gannet]]s.&lt;ref&gt;[[Frank Fraser Darling|Fraser Darling]], F. &amp; Boyd, J.M. (1969) ''Natural History in the Highlands and Islands.'' London. Bloomsbury.&lt;/ref&gt; The [[golden eagle]] is something of a national icon.&lt;ref&gt;Benvie, Neil (2004) ''Scotland's Wildlife''. London. Aurum Press. ISBN 1-85410-978-2 p. 12.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> On the high mountain tops species including [[rock ptarmigan|ptarmigan]], [[mountain hare]] and [[stoat]] can be seen in their white colour phase during winter months.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.cairngorms.co.uk/resource/docs/publications/CNPA.Paper.225.State%20of%20the%20Park%20Report%20-%20Chapter%202%20Natural%20Resources.pdf &quot;State of the Park Report. Chapter 2: Natural Resources&quot;](pdf) (2006) Cairngorms National Park Authority. Retrieved 14 October 2007.&lt;/ref&gt; Remnants of the native [[Scots pine]] forest exist&lt;ref&gt;Preston, C.D., Pearman, D.A., &amp; Dines, T.D. (2002) ''New Atlas of the British and Irish Flora''. [[Oxford University Press]].&lt;/ref&gt; and within these areas the [[Scottish crossbill]], the UK's only [[endemism|endemic]] bird species and [[vertebrate]], can be found alongside [[capercaillie]], [[wildcat]], [[red squirrel]] and [[pine marten]].&lt;ref&gt;Gooders, J. (1994) ''Field Guide to the Birds of Britain and Ireland''. London. Kingfisher.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Matthews, L.H. (1968) ''British Mammals''. London. Bloomsbury.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/?id=kxlN8YJQWQsC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq=future+nature:+a+vision+for+conservation#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false<br /> |title=Future nature:a vision for conservation|author=WM Adams|page=30|accessdate=10 January 2011|isbn=978-1-85383-998-6|year=2003}}&lt;/ref&gt; In recent years various animals have been re-introduced, including the [[White-tailed Eagle|white-tailed sea eagle]] in 1975, the [[red kite]] in the 1980s,&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.rspb.org.uk/ourwork/conservation/projects/eastscotlandeagles/index.asp &quot;East Scotland Sea Eagles&quot;]{{dead link|date=July 2011}} RSPB. Retrieved 5 December 2009.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news | last = Ross | first = John | date = 29 December 2006 | title = Mass slaughter of the red kites |work=The Scotsman |location=UK | location = Edinburgh}}&lt;/ref&gt; and more recently there have been experimental projects involving the [[European beaver|beaver]] and [[wild boar]].&lt;ref&gt;Ross, David (26 November 2009) &quot;Wild Boar: our new eco warriors&quot; ''The Herald.'' Glasgow.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;BBC News&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title =Beavers return after 400-year gap|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/glasgow_and_west/8072443.stm|date=29 May 2009|publisher=BBC News|accessdate=5 December 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The flora of the country is varied incorporating both [[deciduous]] and [[coniferous]] woodland and [[moorland]] and [[tundra]] species. However, large scale commercial tree planting and the management of upland moorland habitat for the grazing of sheep and commercial field sport activities impacts upon the distribution of [[indigenous (ecology)|indigenous]] plants and animals.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.snh.org.uk/pdfs/publications/commissioned_reports/f01as01.pdf ''Integrated Upland Management for Wildlife, Field Sports, Agriculture &amp; Public Enjoyment''] (pdf) (September 1999) [[Scottish Natural Heritage]]. Retrieved 14 October 2007.&lt;/ref&gt; The UK's tallest tree is a [[Abies grandis|grand fir]] planted beside [[Loch Fyne]], Argyll in the 1870s, and the [[Fortingall Yew]] may be 5,000 years old and is probably the oldest living thing in Europe.&lt;ref&gt;[http://web.archive.org/web/20070927152325/http://www.treefestscotland.org.uk/forestry/INFD-6UFC5F &quot;The Fortingall Yew&quot;] Forestry Commission. Retrieved 24 June 2007.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.forestry.gov.uk/newsrele.nsf/WebPressReleases/3EEE4838BED1F155802570D8003965E9 &quot;Scotland remains home to Britain's tallest tree as Dughall Mor reaches new heights&quot;] Forestry Commission. Retrieved 26 April 2008.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Copping, Jasper (4 June 2011) [http://www.telegraph.co.uk/earth/countryside/8557126/Britains-record-breaking-trees-identified.html &quot;Britain's record-breaking trees identified&quot;] London. ''The Telegraph''. Retrieved 10 July 2011.&lt;/ref&gt; Although the number of native [[vascular plant]]s is low by world standards, Scotland's substantial [[bryophyte]] flora is of global importance.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.snh.org.uk/publications/on-line/naturallyscottish/mossesliverworts/whyscotland.asp &quot;Why Scotland has so many mosses and liverworts&quot;] SNH. Retrieved 14 May 2008.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=RBGE&gt;[http://www.rbge.org.uk/science/cryptogamic-plants-and-fungi/bryology &quot;Bryology (mosses, liverworts and hornworts)&quot;] [[Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh]]. Retrieved 15 May 2008.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Economy and infrastructure==<br /> {{Main|Economy of Scotland}}<br /> [[File:Oil platform in the North SeaPros.jpg|thumb|left|A [[drilling rig]] located in the [[North Sea]]]]<br /> Scotland has a western style [[open economy|open]] [[mixed economy]] that is closely linked with the rest of Europe and the wider world. Traditionally, the Scottish economy has been dominated by [[heavy industry]] underpinned by the [[shipbuilding]] in Glasgow, coal mining and [[steel making|steel industries]]. Petroleum related industries associated with the extraction of [[North Sea oil]] have also been important employers from the 1970s, especially in the north east of Scotland.<br /> <br /> De-industrialisation during the 1970s and 1980s saw a shift from a manufacturing focus towards a more [[Tertiary sector of economic activity|service]]-oriented economy. [[Edinburgh]] is the financial services centre of Scotland and the sixth largest [[financial centre]] in Europe in terms of funds under management, behind London, Paris, [[Frankfurt]], Zurich and [[Amsterdam]],&lt;ref name=Milner&gt;{{cite news |author=Milner M. and Treanor J. |url = http://www.guardian.co.uk/Scotland/Story/0,,205573,00.html |title = Devolution may broaden financial sector's view |work=The Guardian |date = 2 June 1999 |accessdate =8 August 2006 | location=London}}&lt;/ref&gt; with many large finance firms based there, including: [[Lloyds Banking Group]] (owners of the [[Halifax Bank of Scotland]]); the Government owned [[Royal Bank of Scotland]] and [[Standard Life]].<br /> <br /> [[File:Windmills and Ailsa Craig aka Paddy's Milestone rotated.jpg|thumb|right|View from windfarm towards Clyde's best known landmark, [[Ailsa Craig]]. Renewable Energy is a large factor in modern day Scottish economy.]]<br /> <br /> In 2005, total Scottish exports (excluding intra-UK trade) were provisionally estimated to be £17.5&amp;nbsp;billion, of which 70% (£12.2&amp;nbsp;billion) were attributable to manufacturing.&lt;ref name=&quot;Trade&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Resource/Doc/933/0020661.pdf |format=PDF|title=Global Connections Survey |publisher=Scottish Executive |accessdate=3 December 2006}}{{dead link|date=July 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Scotland's primary exports include [[whisky]], electronics and financial services. The United States, Netherlands, Germany, France and Spain constitute the country's major export markets.&lt;ref name=&quot;Trade&quot;/&gt; Scotland's Gross Domestic Product (GDP), including oil and gas produced in Scottish waters, was estimated at £137.5 billion for the calendar year 2009.&lt;ref name=SNAP_GDP /&gt; If Scotland became independent, it would hold 90% of the UK's current oil and gas reserves if they were split geographically using a median line from the English-Scottish border. If the reserves were to be split by population, that figure would be reduced to 9%.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url:http://www.guardian.co.uk/politics/reality-check-with-polly-curtis/2012/mar/02/oil-revenues-if-scotland-became-independent&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Tourism is widely recognised as a key contributor to the Scottish economy. A briefing published in 2002 by the Scottish Parliament Information Centre, (SPICe), for the Scottish Parliament's Enterprise and Life Long Learning Committee, stated that tourism accounted for up to 5% of GDP and 7.5% of employment.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=The Economics of Tourism|url=http://www.scottish.parliament.uk/business/research/pdf_res_brief/sb02-97.pdf|format=PDF|publisher=SPICe|accessdate=22 October 2007|year=2002}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> As of May 2009 the unemployment rate in Scotland stood at 6.6%— slightly lower than the UK average and lower than that of the majority of EU countries.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.scottish.parliament.uk/business/research/briefings-09/SB09-45.pdf |title=Unemployment – March&amp;nbsp;2009 |format=PDF |accessdate=8 July 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Scottish Government's most recent figures (for 2009/10) suggest that Scotland's finances are in a healthier state than for the UK as a whole, with Scotland contributing 9.4% of UK taxes but receiving 9.3% of public expenditure.&lt;ref&gt;[http://breakingnews.heraldscotland.com/breaking-news/?mode=article&amp;site=et&amp;id=N0089911308739726965A Scottish budget 'stronger than UK'] The Herald, 22 June 2011&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Currency===<br /> {{Main|Banknotes of the pound sterling#Scotland}}<br /> Although the [[Bank of England]] is the [[central bank]] for the UK, three Scottish [[clearing banks]] still issue their own [[Pound sterling|Sterling]] [[banknote]]s: the [[Bank of Scotland]]; the [[Royal Bank of Scotland]]; and the [[Clydesdale Bank]]. The current value of the Scottish banknotes in circulation is £1.5&amp;nbsp;billion.&lt;ref name=&quot;Banknotes&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.scotbanks.org.uk/banknote_history.php |title=Banknote History |publisher=Scottish Clearing Banks |accessdate=26 October 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Transport===<br /> {{Main|Transport in Scotland}}<br /> [[File:Barra-Airport-Canthusus.JPG|thumb|left|A [[Loganair]] [[Twin Otter]] at [[Barra Airport (Scotland)|Barra Airport]], the only airport worldwide using a beach runway for scheduled services&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Barra Airport Today|url=http://hial.rippleffect.com/barra-airport/about-us/barra-airport-today/|work=Barra Airport|publisher=Highlands and Islands Airports|accessdate=19 September 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;]] Scotland has five main [[international airports]] ([[Glasgow International Airport|Glasgow International]], [[Edinburgh International Airport|Edinburgh]], [[Aberdeen Airport|Aberdeen]], [[Glasgow Prestwick Airport|Glasgow Prestwick]] and [[Inverness Airport|Inverness]]), which together serve 150 international destinations with a wide variety of scheduled and [[chartered flights]].&lt;ref&gt;''The Scotsman'' 27 March 2007. &quot;Special Report—Business Class&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; GIP operates Edinburgh airport and BAA Operates,(Aberdeen and Glasgow International), and [[Highlands and Islands Airports Limited|Highland and Islands Airports]] operates 11 regional airports, including Inverness, which serve the more remote locations.&lt;ref name=&quot;HIAL&quot;&gt;[http://www.hial.co.uk/ &quot;Highlands and Islands Airports – Airport Information&quot;] Highlands and Islands Airports Limited. Retrieved 26 September 2007.&lt;/ref&gt; [[Infratil]] operates Glasgow Prestwick.<br /> <br /> The Scottish motorways and major [[trunk roads]] are managed by [[Transport Scotland]]. The remainder of the road network is managed by the [[Scottish local authorities]] in each of their areas. Regular ferry services operate between the Scottish mainland and many [[Scottish island|islands]]. These ferries are mostly run by [[Caledonian MacBrayne]], but some are operated by local councils. Other ferry routes, served by multiple companies, connect to [[Northern Ireland]], Belgium, Norway, the [[Faroe Islands]] and also [[Iceland]]. [[Network Rail|Network Rail Infrastructure Limited]] owns and operates the fixed infrastructure assets of the railway system in Scotland, while the [[Scottish Government]] retains overall responsibility for rail strategy and funding in Scotland.&lt;ref name=&quot;Office of Rail Regulation&quot;&gt;[http://www.rail-reg.gov.uk/upload/pdf/238.pdf &quot;Disaggregating Network Rail's expenditure and revenue allowance and future price control framework: a consultation (June 2005)&quot;] [[Office of Rail Regulation]]. Retrieved on 2 November 2007.&lt;/ref&gt; Scotland’s rail network has around 340 railway stations and 3000 kilometres of track. Over 62&amp;nbsp;million passenger journeys are made each year.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.transportscotland.gov.uk/rail Transport Scotland – Rail] www.transportscotland.gov.uk Retrieved 10 July 2008&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [[Image:Edinburgh Airport 1.jpg|thumb|right|200px|One of Scotland's busiest airports, [[Edinburgh Airport]]]]<br /> <br /> Scotland's rail network is managed by [[Transport Scotland]].&lt;ref name=&quot;TRANSSCOT&quot;&gt;[http://www.transportscotland.gov.uk/defaultpage1221cde0.aspx?pageID=30 &quot;Rail&quot;] Transport Scotland. Retrieved 26 September 2007.&lt;/ref&gt; The [[East Coast Main Line|East Coast]] and [[West Coast Main Line|West Coast]] main railway lines connect the major cities and towns of Scotland with each other and with the rail network in England. Domestic rail services within Scotland are operated by [[First ScotRail]]. During the time of [[British Rail]] the West Coast Main Line from [[London Euston]] to [[Glasgow Central railway station|Glasgow Central]] was electrified in the early 1970s followed by the East Coast Main Line in the late 1980s. [[British Rail]] created the [[ScotRail]] brand. When [[British Rail]] existed many railway lines in Strathclyde were electrified with Strathclyde Passenger Transport Executive being at the forefront with the acclaimed: &quot;The Largest electrified rail network outside London.&quot; Some parts of the network are electrified, but there are no electrified lines in the Highlands, Angus, Aberdeenshire, the cities of Dundee or Aberdeen, or Perth &amp; Kinross, and none of the Islands have a rail link.<br /> <br /> In addition, Glasgow has had a small integrated subway system since 1896. Completely gutted and modernised between 1977 and 1980, its 15 stations serve just under 40,000 passengers per day. There are plans to extensively refurbish the system in time for the 2014 [[Commonwealth Games]].<br /> <br /> The East Coast Main Line crosses the [[Firth of Forth]] by the [[Forth Bridge (railway)|Forth Bridge]]. Completed in 1890, this [[cantilever bridge]] has been described as &quot;the one internationally recognised Scottish landmark&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;Keay, J. &amp; Keay, J. (1994) ''Collins Encyclopaedia of Scotland''. London. HarperCollins.ISBN 0-00-255082-2&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Demography==<br /> {{Main|Demography of Scotland}}<br /> {{See also|Languages of Scotland|Religion in Scotland|Scottish people}}<br /> [[File:Edinburgh Castle and Waverley Station.jpg|thumb|[[Edinburgh]], Scotland's capital and second-largest city]]<br /> The population of Scotland in the 2001 Census was 5,062,011. This has risen to 5,222,100 according to June 2010 estimates.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.gro-scotland.gov.uk/files2/stats/annual-review-09/rgar2009.pdf|title= Scotland's Population 2009 |date=6 August 2010 |publisher=General Register Office for Scotland |page=9|accessdate=8 January 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; This would make Scotland the 113th largest [[List of countries by population|country by population]] if it were a sovereign state. Although [[Edinburgh]] is the capital of Scotland it is not the largest city. With a population of just over 584,000, this honour falls to [[Glasgow]]. The [[Greater Glasgow]] conurbation, with a population of almost 1.2&amp;nbsp;million, is home to nearly a quarter of Scotland's population.&lt;ref&gt;[http://rampantscotland.com/know/blknow_cities.htm &quot;Did You Know?—Scotland's Cities&quot;] rampantscotland.com Retrieved 26 September 2007.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The [[Central Belt]] is where most of the main towns and cities are located. Glasgow is to the west, while [[Edinburgh]] and [[Dundee]] lie on the east coast, with [[Perth, Scotland|Perth]] (its city status restored in 2012) lying 20 miles upstream on the River Tay from Dundee. Scotland's only major city outside the Central Belt is [[Aberdeen]], on the east coast to the north. The Highlands are sparsely populated, although the city of [[Inverness]] has experienced rapid growth in recent years.<br /> <br /> In general only the more accessible and larger islands retain human populations, and fewer than 90 are currently inhabited. The Southern Uplands are essentially rural in nature and dominated by agriculture and forestry.&lt;ref&gt;Clapperton, C.M. (ed) (1983) ''Scotland: A New Study''. London. David &amp; Charles.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Miller, J. (2004) ''Inverness''. Edinburgh. Birlinn. ISBN 978-1-84158-296-2&lt;/ref&gt; Because of housing problems in Glasgow and Edinburgh, five [[New town#United Kingdom|new towns]] were created between 1947 and 1966. They are [[East Kilbride]], [[Glenrothes]], [[Livingston, West Lothian|Livingston]], [[Cumbernauld]], and [[Irvine, North Ayrshire|Irvine]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.bbc.co.uk/scotland/education/as/sixties/standard/rural/new_towns.shtml &quot;New Towns&quot;] BBC Scotland. Retrieved 24 July 2007.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [[File:Scotland population cartogram.png|thumb|left|Scotland population cartogram. The size of councils is in proportion to their population. The darker colour the bigger is the real area of a council.]]<br /> Following immigration since World War II, Glasgow, Edinburgh, and Dundee have small South Asian communities.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.urdustan.net/2004/11/scotland-speaks-urdu.html &quot;Scotland speaks Urdu&quot;] (2004)Urdustan.net. Retrieved 26 September 2007.&lt;/ref&gt; As of 2001, there were an estimated 31,793 [[Pakistan|Pakistanis]] living in Scotland, making them the single largest non-White ethnic group.&lt;ref&gt;http://www.scotlandagainstracism.com/onescotland/25.1.8.html&lt;/ref&gt; Since the recent [[Enlargement of the European Union]] more people from [[Central Europe|Central]] and Eastern Europe have moved to Scotland, and it is estimated that between 40,000 and 50,000 [[Poles]] now live there.&lt;ref&gt;''The Pole Position'' (6 August 2005). Glasgow. Sunday Herald newspaper.&lt;/ref&gt; The ethnic groups within Scotland are as follows: White, 97.99%; South Asian, 1.09%; Black, 0.16%; Mixed, 0.25%; Chinese, 0.32% and Other, 0.19%. <br /> <br /> Scotland has three officially recognised languages: English, [[Scots language|Scots]], and [[Scottish Gaelic]]. Almost all Scots speak [[Scottish English]], and in 1996, the [[General Register Office for Scotland]] estimated that 30% of the population are [[fluency|fluent]] in [[Scots language|Scots]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.gro-scotland.gov.uk/files1/stats/tscrep.pdf| title = Scotland's Census 2001, Part 1: Census User Needs and Legislation | publisher=General Register Office for Scotland |accessdate =26 September 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt; Gaelic is mostly spoken in the [[Western Isles]], where a large proportion of people still speak it; however, nationally its use is confined to just 1% of the population.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www2.arts.gla.ac.uk/SESLL/STELLA/STARN/lang/GAELIC/focus.htm | title = A Century on the Census—Gaelic in Twentieth Century Focus | author=Dr. Kenneth MacKinnon | publisher=[[University of Glasgow]]|accessdate =26 September 2007 |archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20070905013846/http://www2.arts.gla.ac.uk/SESLL/STELLA/STARN/lang/GAELIC/focus.htm |archivedate = 5 September 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt; The number of Gaelic speakers in Scotland dropped from 250,000 – 7% of the population – in 1881 to 60,000 today.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[http://news.scotsman.com/gaelic/Can-TV39s-evolution-ignite-a.4494029.jp Can TV's evolution ignite a Gaelic revolution?]&quot;. Scotsman.com. 16 September 2008.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> There are many more people with Scottish ancestry living abroad than the total population of Scotland. In the 2000 Census, 9.2&amp;nbsp;million Americans self-reported some degree of [[Scottish American|Scottish]] descent.&lt;ref&gt;The [http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/QTTable?_bm=y&amp;-geo_id=01000US&amp;-qr_name=DEC_2000_SF3_U_QTP13&amp;-ds_name=DEC_2000_SF3_U&amp;-_lang=en&amp;-redoLog=false&amp;-_sse=on US Census 2000]. The [http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/ADPTable?_bm=y&amp;-geo_id=01000US&amp;-qr_name=ACS_2004_EST_G00_DP2&amp;-ds_name=ACS_2004_EST_G00_&amp;-_lang=en&amp;-_sse=on] American Community Survey 2004 by the US Census Bureau estimates 5,752,571 people claiming Scottish ancestry and 5,323,888 people claiming [[Ulster-Scots|Scotch-Irish]] ancestry.&lt;/ref&gt; [[Ulster]]'s Protestant population is mainly of lowland Scottish descent,&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[http://www.americanheritage.com/articles/magazine/ah/1970/1/1970_1_28.shtml The Scotch-Irish]{{dead link|date=July 2011}}&quot;. [[American Heritage Magazine]]. December 1970. Volume 22, Issue 1.&lt;/ref&gt; and it is estimated that there are more than 27&amp;nbsp;million descendants of the [[Ulster Scots people|Scots-Irish]] migration now living in the U.S.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.powells.com/biblio/1-9780767916899-1 |title=Born Fighting: How the Scots-Irish Shaped America |publisher=Powells.com |date=12 August 2009 |accessdate=30 April 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.nitakeacloserlook.gov.uk/index/american-connections/scots-irish.htm |title=Scots-Irish By Alister McReynolds, writer and lecturer in Ulster-Scots studies |publisher=Nitakeacloserlook.gov.uk |accessdate=30 April 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; In Canada, the [[Scottish-Canadian]] community accounts for 4.7&amp;nbsp;million people.&lt;ref name=&quot;cancensus&quot;&gt;[http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census06/data/highlights/ethnic/pages/Page.cfm?Lang=E&amp;Geo=PR&amp;Code=01&amp;Data=Count&amp;Table=2&amp;StartRec=1&amp;Sort=3&amp;Display=All&amp;CSDFilter=5000 2006 Canadian Census] gives a total of 4,719,850 respondents stating their ''ethnic origin'' as Scottish.&lt;/ref&gt; About 20% of the original European settler population of New Zealand came from Scotland.&lt;ref&gt;Linguistic Archaeology: The Scottish Input to [[New Zealand English]] Phonology Trudgill et al. Journal of English Linguistics.2003; 31: 103–124&lt;/ref&gt;{{clear}}<br /> <br /> In August 2012, the Scottish population had reached an all time high, reaching 5.25 million people&lt;ref&gt;http://www.thecourier.co.uk/News/article/24248/scotland-s-population-reaches-record-of-high-of-5-25-million.html&lt;/ref&gt;. The reason given was that in Scotland births were out numbering the number of Scottish deaths, and due to immigrants coming into Scotland from overseas. In 2011, 43,700 people moved from [[Wales]], [[Northern Ireland]] or [[England]] to live in Scotland&lt;ref&gt;http://www.thecourier.co.uk/News/article/24248/scotland-s-population-reaches-record-of-high-of-5-25-million.html&lt;/ref&gt;. <br /> <br /> {{Largest cities<br /> | name = Largest cities in Scotland <br /> | class = info<br /> | country = Scotland<br /> | stat_ref = [[General Register Office for Scotland]] 2008 estimate&lt;ref name=&quot;gro-scotland-mid2008-est.&quot;&gt;[http://www.gro-scotland.gov.uk/statistics/theme/population/estimates/special-area/settlements-localities/mid-2008/localities-list-of-tables.html Mid-2008 Population Estimates for Settlements and Localities in Scotland], [[General Register Office for Scotland]]. 29 March 2010. Retrieved 20 August 2012.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | list_by_pop = List of towns and cities in Scotland by population <br /> | div_name = Council area<br /> | div_link = <br /> | city_1 = Glasgow | div_1 = Glasgow{{!}}Glasgow City | pop_1 = 598,830 | img_1 = GlasgowIn2011Rooftops.jpg<br /> | city_2 = Edinburgh | div_2 = City of Edinburgh | pop_2 = 495,360 | img_2 = Edinburgh Castle seen from Salisbury Crags.jpg<br /> | city_3 = Aberdeen | div_3 = Aberdeen City | pop_3 = 220,420 | img_3 = Aberdeen from Torry - geograph.org.uk - 1454885.jpg<br /> | city_4 = Dundee | div_4 = Dundee City | pop_4 = 152,320 | img_4 = Dundee night from Law 2194.jpg<br /> | city_5 = Paisley | div_5 = Renfrewshire | pop_5 = 80,000<br /> | city_6 = East Kilbride | div_6 = South Lanarkshire | pop_6 = 73,796<br /> | city_7 = Livingston, West Lothian{{!}}Livingston | div_7 = West Lothian | pop_7 = 63,160<br /> | city_8 = Inverness | div_8 = Highland (council area){{!}}Highland | pop_8 = 58,963<br /> | city_9 = Cumbernauld | div_9 = North Lanarkshire | pop_9 = 49,664<br /> | city_10 = Kirkcaldy | div_10 = Fife | pop_10 = 48,630<br /> | city_11 = Hamilton, South Lanarkshire{{!}}Hamilton | div_11 = South Lanarkshire| pop_11 = 48,546<br /> | city_12 = Dunfermline | div_12 = Fife | pop_12 = 46,430<br /> | city_13 = Ayr | div_13 = South Ayrshire | pop_13 = 46,050<br /> | city_14 = Greenock| div_14 = Inverclyde | pop_14 = 45,467<br /> | city_15 = Perth, Scotland{{!}}Perth | div_15 = Perth and Kinross | pop_15 = 44,820<br /> | city_16 = Kilmarnock| div_16 = East Ayrshire | pop_16 = 44,734<br /> | city_17 = Coatbridge| div_17 = North Lanarkshire | pop_17 = 41,170<br /> | city_18 = Glenrothes| div_18 = Fife | pop_18 = 38,750<br /> | city_19 = Airdrie, North Lanarkshire{{!}}Airdrie| div_19 = North Lanarkshire | pop_19 = 36,326<br /> | city_20 = Falkirk | div_20 = Falkirk (council area){{!}}Falkirk | pop_20 = 34,570<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ===Education===<br /> {{Main|Education in Scotland}}<br /> [[File:University of Glasgow Gilbert Scott Building - Feb 2008-2.jpg|thumb|right|[[George Gilbert Scott|Gilbert Scott]] Building, [[University of Glasgow]]]]<br /> The Scottish education system has always remained distinct from that of the rest of United Kingdom, with a characteristic emphasis on a [[Liberal education|broad education]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = A Guide to Education and Training in Scotland – &quot;the broad education long regarded as characteristic of Scotland&quot; | url = http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2003/03/16743/19914|publisher=Scottish Government | accessdate =18 October 2007}}{{dead link|date=July 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Scotland was the first country since [[Sparta]] in [[classical Greece]] to implement a system of general [[public education]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Intro to Scottish Education&quot;/&gt; Schooling was made compulsory for the first time in Scotland with the [[Education Act 1496|Education Act of 1496]]; then, in 1561, the [[Church of Scotland]] set out a national programme for spiritual reform, including a school in every parish. Education continued to be a matter for the church rather than the state until the [[Elementary Education Act 1870|Education Act (1872)]].&lt;ref&gt;&quot;Schools and schooling&quot; in M. Lynch (ed.), ''The Oxford Companion to Scottish History'', (Oxford, 2001), pp. 561–563.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The &quot;[[Curriculum for Excellence]]&quot; provides the curricular framework for children and young people from age 3 to 18.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = Curriculum for Excellence – Aims, Purposes and Principles|url = http://www.ltscotland.org.uk/curriculumforexcellence/index.asp|publisher=Scottish Government}}&lt;/ref&gt; All 3- and 4-year-old children in Scotland are entitled to a free nursery place. Formal primary education begins at approximately 5 years old and lasts for 7 years (P1–P7); today, children in Scotland study [[Standard Grades]], or more recently [[Intermediate 1|Intermediate]] qualifications between the ages of 14 and 16. The school leaving age is 16, after which students may choose to remain at school and study for [[Access exams|Access]], [[Intermediate exams|Intermediate]] or [[Higher Grade]] and [[Advanced Higher (Scottish)|Advanced Higher]] qualifications. A small number of students at certain private, [[Independent school (UK)|independent schools]] may follow the [[Education in England|English system]] and study towards [[GCSE]]s and [[Advanced Level (UK)|A]] and [[Advanced Level (UK)|AS-Levels]] instead.&lt;ref&gt;[http://web.archive.org/web/20070818211245/http://www.scis.org.uk/genInfo/genInfo_scott_exam.html &quot;The Scottish Exam System&quot;] Scottish Council of Independent Schools. Retrieved 26 September 2007.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> There are 15 [[Scottish universities]], some of which are amongst the [[List of oldest universities in continuous operation|oldest in the world]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = Welcome to the Carnegie Trust for the Universities of Scotland | url = http://www.carnegie-trust.org/what_we_do.htm|publisher=Carnegie Trust for the Universities of Scotland | accessdate =18 October 2007 | archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20071011070532/http://www.carnegie-trust.org/what_we_do.htm &lt;!--Added by H3llBot--&gt; | archivedate = 11 October 2007 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = Understanding Scottish Qualifications | url =http://www.sac.ac.uk/learning/prospective/international/ireland/IrelandScotsqual|publisher=Scottish Agricultural College | accessdate =18 October 2007 }}&lt;/ref&gt; These include the [[University of St Andrews]], the [[University of Glasgow]], the [[University of Aberdeen]], the [[University of Edinburgh]], [[Heriot-Watt University]], [[Robert Gordon University]], and the [[University of Dundee]]—many of which are ranked amongst the best in the UK.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/education/table/2008/dec/18/rae-2008-results-uk-universities |title=RAE 2008: results for UK universities &amp;#124; Education &amp;#124; guardian.co.uk |work=The Guardian |date=18 December 2008 |accessdate=11 June 2009 | location=London}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://extras.timesonline.co.uk/tol_gug/gooduniversityguide.php |title=The Times Good University Guide 2009 – league table |work=The Times |accessdate=30 April 2010 | location=London | first=Patrick | last=Foster}}&lt;/ref&gt; The country produces 1% of the world's [[Academic publishing|published research]] with less than 0.1% of the world's population, and higher education institutions account for 9% of Scotland's service sector exports.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = A Framework for Higher Education in Scotland: Higher Education Review Phase 2 | url = http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2003/03/16786/20354|publisher=Scottish Government | accessdate =18 October 2007 }}{{dead link|date=July 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title = What is higher education? | url = http://www.universities-scotland.ac.uk/Facts%20and%20Figures/HigherEducation.pdf|format=PDF|publisher=Universities Scotland | accessdate =18 October 2007 |archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20060930111131/http://www.universities-scotland.ac.uk/Facts+and+Figures/HigherEducation.pdf |archivedate = 30 September 2006}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> Scotland's University Courts are the only bodies in Scotland authorised to award degrees.<br /> <br /> Scotland's Universities are complemented in the provision of Further and Higher Education by 43 Colleges. Colleges offer National Certificates, Higher National Certificates and Higher National Diplomas. These Group Awards, alongside Scottish Vocational Qualifications, aim to ensure that Scotland's population has the appropriate skills and knowledge to meet the needs of the workplace.<br /> <br /> Scotland's regulatory body for qualifications is SQA Accreditation. Scotland's Qualifications are mapped on the SCQF (Scottish Credit and Qualifications Framework). The SCQF provides a language to help understand the complexity and size of qualifications, ranging from Access 1 (SCQF Level 1) to Doctorates (SCQF Level 12).{http://www.scqf.org.uk/}<br /> <br /> ===Religion===<br /> {{Main|Religion in Scotland}}<br /> [[File:Iona Abbey.jpg|thumb|left|[[Iona Abbey]] an early centre of Scottish Christianity]]<br /> Just over two-thirds (67%) of the Scottish population reported having a religion in 2001, with Christianity representing all but 2% of these.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2005/02/20757/53570 Analysis of Religion in the 2001 Census: Summary Report]{{dead link|date=July 2011}} scotland.gov.uk. Retrieved 27 November 2008.&lt;/ref&gt; By contrast, 28% of the population reported having no religious adherence.<br /> <br /> Since the [[Scottish Reformation]] of 1560, the [[national church]] (the [[Church of Scotland]], also known as [[Kirk|The Kirk]]) has been Protestant and [[Reformed theology|Reformed]] in theology. Since 1689 it has had a [[Presbyterian]] system of church government, and enjoys independence from the state.&lt;ref name=Keay/&gt; About 12% of the population are currently members of the Church of Scotland, with 40% claiming affinity. The Church operates a territorial parish structure, with every community in Scotland having a local congregation.<br /> <br /> Scotland also has a significant [[Roman Catholic Church in Scotland|Roman Catholic]] population, 19% claiming that faith, particularly in the west.&lt;ref&gt;Andrew Collier, &quot;Scotland's Confident Catholics,&quot; ''[[The Tablet]]'' 10 January 2009, 16.&lt;/ref&gt; After the Reformation, [[Roman Catholicism in Scotland]] continued in the [[Scottish Highlands|Highlands]] and some western islands like [[Uist]] and [[Barra]], and it was strengthened during the 19th century by immigration from Ireland. Other Christian denominations in Scotland include the [[Free Church of Scotland (post 1900)|Free Church of Scotland]], various other Presbyterian offshoots, and the [[Scottish Episcopal Church]].<br /> <br /> Islam is the largest non-Christian religion (estimated at around 40,000, which is less than 0.9% of the population),&lt;ref name=&quot;GROSCOT&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.gro-scotland.gov.uk/press/news2005/analysis-of-religion-in-the-2001-census.html | publisher=General Register Office for Scotland |title = Analysis of Religion in the 2001 Census|accessdate =26 September 2007}}&lt;/ref&gt; and there are also significant [[History of the Jews in Scotland|Jewish]], [[Hinduism in Scotland|Hindu]] and [[Sikh]] communities, especially in Glasgow.&lt;ref name=&quot;GROSCOT&quot;/&gt; The [[Samyé Ling]] monastery near [[Eskdalemuir]], which celebrated its 40th anniversary in 2007, includes the largest [[Buddhism|Buddhist]] temple in western Europe.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.buddhistchannel.tv/index.php?id=3,4102,0,0,1,0 &quot;In the Scottish Lowlands, Europe's first Buddhist monastery turns 40&quot;] The Buddhist Channel. Retrieved 24 June 2007.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Health care===<br /> {{Main|Healthcare in Scotland}}<br /> [[Healthcare in Scotland]] is mainly provided by [[NHS Scotland]], Scotland's public health care system. This was founded by the [[National Health Service (Scotland) Act 1947]] (later repealed by the National Health Service (Scotland) Act 1978) that took effect on 5 July 1948 to coincide with the launch of the NHS in England and Wales. However, even prior to 1948, half of Scotland's landmass was already covered by state funded health care, provided by the [[Highlands and Islands Medical Service]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.60yearsofnhsscotland.co.uk/history/birth-of-nhs-scotland/highlands-and-islands-medical-service.html Highlands and Islands Medical Service (HIMS)] www.60yearsofnhsscotland.co.uk. Retrieved 28 July 2008.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In 2008, the NHS in Scotland had around 158,000 staff including more than 47,500 nurses, midwives and health visitors and over 3,800 consultants. In addition, there are also more than 12,000 doctors, family practitioners and allied health professionals, including dentists, opticians and community pharmacists, who operate as independent contractors providing a range of services within the NHS in return for fees and allowances. These fees and allowances have been removed as of May 2010, prescriptions are entirely free, (dentists and opticians are chareable if the household you stay in is making over a certain amount) (the amount is within the region of £30,000 per annum)&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.show.scot.nhs.uk/introduction.aspx About the NHS in Scotland] NHS Scotland&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Healthcare policy and funding is the responsibility of the [[Scottish Government]]'s [[Scottish Government Health Directorates|Health Directorates]]. The current [[Cabinet Secretary for Health and Wellbeing]] is [[Nicola Sturgeon]] and the Director-General (DG) Health and Chief Executive, NHS Scotland is Derek Feeley.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| title=Strategic Board of the Scottish Government | url=http://www.scotland.gov.uk/About/Strategic-Board | publisher=[[Scottish Government]] | accessdate=1 January 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Military==<br /> {{Main|Military of Scotland}}<br /> [[File:ScotHackles.jpg|thumb|right|Soldiers of the five regular battalions of the [[Royal Regiment of Scotland]]]]<br /> Although Scotland has a long military tradition that predates the [[Treaty of Union]] with England, its [[armed force]]s now form part of the [[British Armed Forces]], with the notable exception of the [[Atholl Highlanders]], Europe's only legal private army. In 2006, the infantry regiments of the [[Scottish Division]] were amalgamated to form the [[Royal Regiment of Scotland]]. Other distinctively Scottish regiments in the [[British Army]] include the [[Scots Guards]], the [[Royal Scots Dragoon Guards]] and the [[Scottish Transport Regiment]], a Territorial Army Regiment of the [[Royal Logistic Corps]].<br /> <br /> Because of their [[topography]] and perceived remoteness, parts of Scotland have housed many sensitive defence establishments, with mixed public feelings.&lt;ref&gt;The large number of military bases in Scotland has led some to use the euphemism &quot;Fortress Scotland&quot;. See Spaven, Malcolm (1983) ''Fortress Scotland''. London. Pluto Press in association with Scottish CND.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/6186213.stm &quot;Pensioner, 94, in nuclear protest&quot;] BBC.co.uk. Retrieved 29 July 2007.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/4083933.stm &quot;Reprieve for RAF Lossiemouth base&quot;] BBC.co.uk. Retrieved 29 July 2007.&lt;/ref&gt; Between 1960 and 1991, the [[Holy Loch]] was a base for the U.S. fleet of [[Polaris ballistic missile|Polaris]] [[ballistic missile submarine]]s.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.argyllonline.co.uk/index.asp?id=206 &quot;Dunoon and the US Navy&quot;] Argyll online. Retrieved 29 July 2007.&lt;/ref&gt; Today, Her Majesty's Naval Base [[HMNB Clyde|Clyde]], {{convert|25|mi|km|abbr=off}} north west of Glasgow, is the base for the four [[Trident missiles|Trident]]-armed [[Vanguard class submarine|''Vanguard'' class]] [[ballistic missile submarine]]s that comprise the [[Nuclear weapons and the United Kingdom|UK's nuclear deterrent]]. [[Scapa Flow]] was the major [[British Grand Fleet|Fleet]] base for the [[Royal Navy]] until 1956.<br /> <br /> Two frontline [[Royal Air Force]] bases are also located in Scotland. These are [[RAF Leuchars]] and [[RAF Lossiemouth]], the last of which is the most northerly air defence [[fighter aircraft|fighter]] base in the United Kingdom. A third, [[RAF Kinloss]] will be closed as an RAF unit in 2013–14. RAF Leuchars is due to be turned into an army barracks, ending the RAF's connection in [[Fife]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.heraldscotland.com/news/home-news/scotland-to-get-new-army-barracks-at-kinloss-base-1.1112630 &quot;Scotland to get new Army barracks at Kinloss base&quot;], ''The Herald'', 18 July 2011, Kate Devlin and Michael Settle&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The only open-air live [[depleted uranium]] weapons test range in the British Isles is located near [[Dundrennan Range|Dundrennan]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/1179662.stm &quot;DU shell test-firing resumes&quot;] ''BBC Scotland News'', 21 February 2001. Retrieved 13 September 2006.&lt;/ref&gt; As a result, over 7,000 radioactive munitions lie on the seabed of the [[Solway Firth]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200001/cmhansrd/vo010207/debtext/10207-35.htm Depleted Uranium (Shelling)] Parliament of the United Kingdom: Science and Technology Committee—Debates 7 February 2001. Hansard. Retrieved 26 September 2007&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Culture==<br /> {{Main|Culture of Scotland}}<br /> {{See also|Scottish people|Music of Scotland|Scottish literature|Scottish art|Media of Scotland|Scottish cuisine}}<br /> [[File:Bagpipe performer.jpg|thumb|left|upright|A Pipe Major playing the [[Great Highland Bagpipe]]]]<br /> [[Scottish music]] is a significant aspect of the nation's culture, with both traditional and modern influences. A famous traditional Scottish instrument is the [[Great Highland Bagpipe]], a wind instrument consisting of three drones and a melody pipe (called the chanter), which are fed continuously by a reservoir of air in a bag. [[Pipe Band|Bagpipe band]]s, featuring bagpipes and various types of drums, and showcasing Scottish music styles while creating new ones, have spread throughout the world. The [[clàrsach]] (harp), [[Musical styles (violin)#Fiddle|fiddle]] and [[accordion]] are also traditional Scottish instruments, the latter two heavily featured in [[Scottish country dance]] bands. Today, there are many successful Scottish bands and individual artists in varying styles including [[Runrig]], [[Susan Boyle]], [[Cocteau Twins]], [[Franz Ferdinand (band)|Franz Ferdinand]] and [[Texas (band)|Texas]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.list.co.uk/article/2658-belle-sebastian-revealed-as-best-scottish-band-of-all-time/ | title=Best Scottish Band of All Time | publisher=The List |accessdate=2 August 2006}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Scotland has a literary heritage dating back to the early Middle Ages. The earliest extant literature composed in what is now Scotland was in [[Brythonic languages|Brythonic]] speech in the 6th century, but is preserved as part of [[Welsh-language literature|Welsh literature]].&lt;ref&gt;R. T. Lambdin and L. C. Lambdin, ''Encyclopedia of Medieval Literature'' (London: Greenwood, 2000), ISBN 0-313-30054-2, p. 508.&lt;/ref&gt; Later medieval literature included works in Latin,&lt;ref&gt;I. Brown, T. Owen Clancy, M. Pittock, S. Manning, eds, ''The Edinburgh History of Scottish Literature: From Columba to the Union, until 1707'' (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2007), ISBN 0-7486-1615-2, p. 94.&lt;/ref&gt; Gaelic,&lt;ref&gt;J. T. Koch, ''Celtic Culture: a Historical Encyclopedia'' (ABC-CLIO, 2006), ISBN 1-85109-440-7, p. 999.&lt;/ref&gt; Old English&lt;ref&gt;E. M. Treharne, ''Old and Middle English c.890-c.1400: an Anthology'' (Wiley-Blackwell, 2004), ISBN 1-4051-1313-8, p. 108.&lt;/ref&gt; and French.&lt;ref&gt;M. Fry, ''Edinburgh'' (London: Pan Macmillan, 2011), ISBN 0-330-53997-3.&lt;/ref&gt; The first surviving major text in [[Early Scots]] is the 14th century poet [[John Barbour (poet)|John Barbour]]'s epic ''[[The Brus|Brus]]'', focusing on the life of Robert I,&lt;ref&gt;N. Jayapalan, ''History of English Literature'' (Atlantic, 2001), ISBN 81-269-0041-5, p. 23.&lt;/ref&gt; and was soon followed by a series of vernacular romances and prose works.&lt;ref name=&quot;Wormald1991pp60-7&quot;&gt;J. Wormald, ''Court, Kirk, and Community: Scotland, 1470–1625'' (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1991), ISBN 0-7486-0276-3, pp. 60–7.&lt;/ref&gt; In the 16th century the crown's patronage helped the development of Scots drama and poetry,&lt;ref name=Brownetalpp256-7&gt;I. Brown, T. Owen Clancy, M. Pittock, S. Manning, eds, ''The Edinburgh History of Scottish Literature: From Columba to the Union, until 1707'' (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2007), ISBN 0-7486-1615-2, pp. 256–7.&lt;/ref&gt; but the accession of James VI to the English throne removed a major centre of literary patronage and Scots was sidelined as a literary language.&lt;ref&gt;R. D. S. Jack, &quot;Poetry under King James VI&quot;, in C. Cairns, ed., ''The History of Scottish Literature'' (Aberdeen University Press, 1988), vol. 1, ISBN 0-08-037728-9, pp. 137–8.&lt;/ref&gt; Interest in Scots literature was revived in the 18th century by figures including [[James Macpherson]], whose [[Ossian|Ossian Cycle]] made him the first Scottish poet to gain an international reputation and was a major influence on the European Enlightenment.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book| author=J. Buchan| title=Crowded with Genius| publisher=Harper Collins| year =2003 |isbn=0-06-055888-1 |page=163}}&lt;/ref&gt; It was also a major influence on [[Robert Burns]], considered by many to be the national poet,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |author=L. McIlvanney |contribution= |date=Spring 2005 |title=Hugh Blair, Robert Burns, and the Invention of Scottish Literature |journal=Eighteenth-Century Life |isbn= |volume=29 (2) |pages= 25–46 }}&lt;/ref&gt; and [[Walter Scott]], whose [[Waverley Novels]] did much to define Scottish identity in the 19th century.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |author=N. Davidson |contribution= |year=2000 |title=The Origins of Scottish Nationhood |editor= |edition= |isbn=0-7453-1608-5 |issn= |page=136 |place= |publisher=Pluto Press}}&lt;/ref&gt; Towards the end of the Victorian era a number of Scottish-born authors achieved international reputations as writers in English, including [[Robert Louis Stevenson]], [[Arthur Conan Doyle]], [[J. M. Barrie]] and [[George MacDonald]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |contribution= |title=Cultural Profile: 19th and early 20th century developments |journal=Visiting Arts: Scotland: Cultural Profile |editor= |edition= |isbn= |issn= |place= |url=http://www.culturalprofiles.net/scotland/Directories/Scotland_Cultural_Profile/-5402.html |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/62yP6lcz7 |archivedate=5 November 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; In the 20th century the [[Scottish Renaissance]] saw a surge of literary activity and attempts to reclaim the Scots language as a medium for serious literature.&lt;ref name=VisitingArtsScotland&gt;{{Cite journal |contribution= |title=The Scottish 'Renaissance' and beyond |journal=Visiting Arts: Scotland: Cultural Profile |editor= |edition= |isbn= |issn= |place= |url=http://www.culturalprofiles.net/scotland/Directories/Scotland_Cultural_Profile/-5403.html |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/62yGHJmza |archivedate=5 November 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Members of the movement were followed by a new generation of post-war poets including [[Edwin Morgan (poet)|Edwin Morgan]], who would be appointed the first [[Scots Makar]] by the inaugural Scottish government in 2004.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite document| title =The Scots Makar| publisher =The Scottish Government| date =16 February 2004| url =http://www.scotland.gov.uk/News/Releases/2004/02/5075| accessdate =28 October 2007|archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/62yPZX5d4 |archivedate=5 November 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; From the 1980s Scottish literature enjoyed another major revival, particularly associated with a group of Glasgow writers including [[Irvine Welsh]].&lt;ref name=VisitingArtsScotland/&gt; Scottish poets who emerged in the same period included [[Carol Ann Duffy]], who was named as the first Scot to be UK [[Poet Laureate]] in May 2009.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |contribution= |date=1 May 2009 |title=Duffy reacts to new Laureate post |journal=BBC News |editor= |edition= |isbn= |issn= |place= |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/8029388.stm |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/62yL0dlTE |archivedate=5 November 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> [[File:BBC Scotland HQ - geograph.org.uk - 579711.jpg|thumb|right| Headquarters and studios of [[BBC Scotland]]]]<br /> Scottish theatre has for many years played an important role in Scottish society, from the music hall variety of [[Sir Harry Lauder]] and his contemporaries to the more serious plays put on at the [[Citizens Theatre]] in Glasgow and many other theatres throughout Scotland.{{citation needed|date=November 2011}}<br /> <br /> [[Television in Scotland]] is largely the same as UK-wide broadcasts, however the national broadcaster is [[BBC Scotland]], a constituent part of the [[British Broadcasting Corporation]], the publicly funded broadcaster of the United Kingdom. It runs three national [[Scottish television stations|television stations]], and the national radio stations, ''[[BBC Radio Scotland]]'' and ''[[BBC Radio nan Gaidheal]]'', amongst others. Scotland also has some [[Gaelic broadcasting in Scotland|programming in the Gaelic language]]. [[BBC Alba]] is the national Gaelic-language channel. The main Scottish commercial television station is [[STV (TV network)|STV]]. National [[List of Scottish newspapers|newspapers]] such as the [[Daily Record (Scotland)|''Daily Record'']], [[The Herald (Glasgow)|''The Herald'']], and ''[[The Scotsman]]'' are all produced in Scotland.&lt;ref name=&quot;Newspapers&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url=http://www.ifla.org/IV/ifla68/papers/051-127e.pdf |format=PDF| title=Newspapers and National Identity in Scotland | publisher=IFLA University of Stirling | accessdate=12 December 2006}}{{dead link|date=July 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Important regional dailies include the [[Edinburgh Evening News|Evening News]] in Edinburgh '''[[The Courier and Advertiser|The Courier]]'' in Dundee in the east, and ''[[Press and Journal (Scotland)|The Press and Journal]]'' serving Aberdeen and the north.&lt;ref name=&quot;Newspapers&quot;/&gt; Scotland is represented at the [[Celtic Media Festival]], which showcases film and television from the Celtic countries. Scottish entrants have won many awards since the festival began in 1980.&lt;ref name=&quot;Media 1&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=About Us::Celtic Media Festival|url=http://www.celticmediafestival.co.uk/4/about_us/|accessdate=26 January 2010|publisher=[[Celtic Media Festival]]|year=2009|work=Celtic Media Festival website}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> As one of the [[Celtic nations]], Scotland and Scottish culture is represented at interceltic events at home and over the world. Scotland hosts several music festivals including [[Celtic Connections]] (Glasgow), and the [[Hebridean Celtic Festival]] (Stornoway). Festivals celebrating Celtic culture, such as [[Festival Interceltique de Lorient]] ([[Brittany]]), the [[Pan Celtic Festival]] (Ireland), and the National Celtic Festival ([[Portarlington, Victoria|Portarlington]], Australia), feature elements of Scottish culture such as language, music and dance.&lt;ref name=&quot;Celtic nation 1&quot;&gt;{{cite book | title = Celtic geographies: old culture, new times | publisher=[[Routledge]] | year = 2002 | location = Stroud, Gloucestershire | page = 142 |url=http://books.google.com/?id=02kVSmK8EwMC&amp;pg=PA142&amp;dq=Scotland+Celtic+nation&amp;cd=4#v=onepage&amp;q=Scotland%20Celtic%20nation | isbn =978-0-415-22396-6 | author-mask = Harvey | editor-first= David | author1 = Harvey, David }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Celtic nation 2&quot;&gt;{{cite book | title = Celtic identity and the British image | publisher=[[Manchester University Press]] | year = 1999 | location = Manchester | pages = 1–5 |url=http://books.google.com/?id=Dv0yf-tgCocC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq=inauthor:%22Murray+Pittock%22&amp;cd=1#v=onepage&amp;q= | isbn = 0-7190-5826-0 | author-mask = Pittock | editor-first= Murray | author1 = Pittock, Murray}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Celtic connections 1&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Celtic connections:Scotland's premier winter music festival|url=http://www.celticconnections.com/|accessdate=23 January 2010|publisher=[[Celtic Connections]]|year=2010|work=Celtic connections website}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Hebridean Celtic 1&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title='Hebridean Celtic Festival 2010 – the biggest homecoming party of the year|url=http://www.hebceltfest.com/|accessdate=23 January 2010|publisher=[[Hebridean Celtic Festival]]|year=2009|work=Hebridean Celtic Festival website}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Festival 1&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Site Officiel du Festival Interceltique de Lorient|url=http://www.festival-interceltique.com/le-monde-des-celtes-et-de-la-celtie.php|accessdate=23 January 2010|publisher=[[Festival Interceltique de Lorient]]|year=2009|work=Festival Interceltique de Lorient website}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Dingle 1&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Welcome to the Pan Celtic 2010 Home Page|url=http://www.panceltic.ie/|accessdate=26 January 2010|publisher=[[Fáilte Ireland]]|year=2010|work=Pan Celtic Festival 2010 website}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Festival 3&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=About the Festival|url=http://www.nationalcelticfestival.com/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=24&amp;Itemid=26|accessdate=23 January 2010|publisher=National Celtic Festival|year=2009|work=National Celtic Festival website}} {{Dead link|date=April 2012|bot=H3llBot}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===Sport===<br /> {{Main|Sport in Scotland}}<br /> [[File:18th Green and Clubhouse.jpg|thumb|right|The [[Old Course at St Andrews]]]]<br /> [[Sport in Scotland|Sport]] is an important element in Scottish culture, with the country hosting many of its own national sporting competitions. It enjoys independent representation at many international sporting events including the [[FIFA World Cup]], the [[Rugby Union World Cup]], the [[Rugby League World Cup]], the [[Cricket World Cup]] and the [[Commonwealth Games]], but not at the Olympic Games where Scottish athletes are part of the [[Great Britain at the Olympics|Great Britain team]]. Scotland has its own national [[sport governing body|governing bodies]], such as the [[Scottish Football Association]] (the second oldest national football association in the world)&lt;ref&gt;Soccer in South Asia: Empire, Nation, Diaspora. By James Mills, Paul Dimeo: Page 18 – Oldest Football Association is England's FA, then Scotland and third oldest is the Indian FA.&lt;/ref&gt; and the [[Scottish Rugby Union]]. Variations of football have been played in Scotland for centuries with the earliest reference dating back to 1424.&lt;ref name=FIFA&gt;{{cite web | author=Gerhardt, W. | publisher=[[FIFA]] | publishyear= | url=http://www.fifa.com/en/history/history/0,1283,1,00.html | title=The colourful history of a fascinating game. More than 2000 Years of Football | accessdate =11 August 2006 |archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20060810202927/http://www.fifa.com/en/history/history/0,1283,1,00.html |archivedate = 10 August 2006}}&lt;/ref&gt; Association football is now the most popular sport and the [[Scottish Cup]] is the world's oldest national trophy.&lt;ref name=&quot;Trophy&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.scottishcup.org/museum.html |title=Official Site of the Tennents Scottish Cup |publisher=The Tennents Scottish Cup |accessdate=10 December 2006}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Scotland contested the first ever international football game in 1872, a 0–0 draw against England. The match took place at [[Hamilton Crescent]], Glasgow, home of the [[West of Scotland Cricket Club]]. Scottish clubs have been successful in European competitions with [[Celtic F.C.|Celtic]] winning the [[European Champion Clubs' Cup|European Cup]] in 1967, [[Rangers F.C.|Rangers]] and [[Aberdeen F.C.|Aberdeen]] winning the [[UEFA Cup Winners' Cup]] in 1972 and 1983 respectively, and [[Aberdeen F.C.|Aberdeen]] also winning the [[UEFA Super Cup]] in 1983. [[Dundee United]] have also made it to a European final, reaching the [[UEFA Cup Final]] in 1987, but losing on aggregate 2-1 to [[IFK Göteborg]]. The [[Fife]] town of [[St. Andrews]] is known internationally as the ''Home of golf''&lt;ref&gt;Keay (1994) ''op cit'' page 839. &quot;In 1834 the [[The Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews|Royal and Ancient Golf Club]] declared St. Andrews 'the Alma Mater of golf'&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt; and to many golfers the [[Old Course at St Andrews|Old Course]], an ancient [[links (golf)|links]] course dating to before 1574, is considered to be a site of pilgrimage.&lt;ref&gt;Cochrane, Alistair (ed) ''Science and Golf IV: proceedings of the World Scientific Congress of Golf''. Page 849. Routledge.&lt;/ref&gt; There are many other famous [[Golf in Scotland|golf courses in Scotland]], including [[Carnoustie Golf Links|Carnoustie]], [[Gleneagles, Scotland|Gleneagles]], [[Muirfield (Scotland)|Muirfield]], and [[Royal Troon]]. Other distinctive features of the national sporting culture include the [[Highland games]], [[curling]] and [[Shinty]], which, given its arrival with the Gaelic language and the original Scottish culture from Ireland, can claim to be Scotland's national sport. <br /> <br /> Scotland has competed at every [[Commonwealth Games]] since 1930 and have won 356 medal in total&amp;mdash;91 Gold, 104 Silver and 161 Bronze.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.cgcs.org.uk/team-scotland/medal-tally/ &quot;Medal Tally&quot;]. Commonwealth Games Scotland. Retrieved 6 August 2012.&lt;/ref&gt; Scotland played host to the Commonwealth Games in [[1970 British Commonwealth Games|1970]] and [[1986 Commonwealth Games|1986]], and will do so again in [[2014 Commonwealth Games|2014]] with [[Glasgow]] the host city.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.cgcs.org.uk/commonwealth-games/overview-and-history/ &quot;Overview and History&quot;]. Commonwealth Games Scotland. Retrieved 6 August 2012.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ===National symbols===<br /> {{Main|National symbols of Scotland}}<br /> [[File:Cirsium vulgare flowerhead Anstey Hill.PNG|thumb|left|upright|The [[thistle]], Scotland's [[Floral emblem]].]] The national [[flag of Scotland]], known as the Saltire or St. Andrew's Cross, dates from the 9th century, and is thus the oldest national [[flag]] still in use. Since 1606 the Saltire has also formed part of the design of the [[Union Flag]]. There are numerous other symbols and symbolic artefacts, both official and unofficial, including the [[thistle]], the nation's [[national emblem|floral emblem]] (celebrated in the song, [[The Thistle o' Scotland (song)|The Thistle o' Scotland]]), 6 April 1320 statement of political independence the [[Declaration of Arbroath]], the textile pattern [[tartan]] that often signifies a particular [[Scottish clan]], and the [[Royal Standard of Scotland|Lion Rampant]] flag.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;National identity&quot; in M. Lynch (ed.), ''The Oxford Companion to Scottish History'', (Oxford, 2001), pp. 437–444.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Keay, J. &amp; Keay, J. (1994) ''Collins Encyclopaedia of Scotland''. London. HarperCollins. Page 936.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.rampantscotland.com/symbols/blsymbols_index.htm &quot;Symbols of Scotland—Index&quot;] Rampant Scotland. Retrieved 20 September 2007.&lt;/ref&gt; Highlanders can thank [[James Graham, 3rd Duke of Montrose]], for the repeal in 1782 of the Act of 1747 prohibiting the wearing of tartans.&lt;ref name=Works&gt;{{cite book | last = Bain | first = Robert | others = P.E. Stewart-Blacker (heralidic advisor), forward by The R. Hon. C/refountess of Erroll | editor = Margaret O. MacDougall (ed.) | title = Clans &amp; Tartans of Scotland (revised) | year = 1959 | publisher = William Collins Sons &amp; Co., Ltd. | id = | page = 108 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Although there is no official [[National anthem of Scotland]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/4828454.stm |title= Action call over national anthem |publisher=BBC News |date=21 March 2006 |accessdate=3 November 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''[[Flower of Scotland]]'' is played on special occasions and sporting events such as football and rugby matches involving the Scotland national teams and as of 2010 is also played at the [[Commonwealth Games]] after it was voted the overwhelming favourite by participating Scottish athletes.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/8449939.stm|title=Games team picks new Scots anthem|publisher=BBC|date=9 January 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; Other less popular candidates for the National Anthem of Scotland include ''[[Scotland the Brave]]'', ''[[Highland Cathedral]]'', ''[[Scots Wha Hae]]'' and ''[[A Man's A Man for A' That]]''.<br /> <br /> [[St Andrew's Day]], 30 November, is the [[national day]], although [[Burns' Night]] tends to be more widely observed, particularly outside Scotland. [[Tartan Day]] is a recent innovation from Canada. In 2006, the Scottish Parliament passed the [[St. Andrew's Day Bank Holiday (Scotland) Act 2007]], designating the day to be an official [[bank holiday]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.opsi.gov.uk/legislation/scotland/en2007/2007en02.htm &quot;Explanatory Notes to St. Andrew's Day Bank Holiday (Scotland) Act 2007&quot;] Office of Public Sector Information. Retrieved 22 September 2007.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> {{Clear}}<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> {{portal|Scotland|United Kingdom|Celtic Studies}}<br /> *[[Celtic languages]]<br /> *[[Celts]]<br /> *[[Ethnic groups in Europe]]<br /> *[[Outline of Scotland]]<br /> *[[Scottish independence referendum, 2014]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist|30em}}<br /> <br /> ==Further reading==<br /> {{refbegin|30em}}<br /> * Brown, Dauvit, (1999) ''Anglo-French acculturation and the Irish element in Scottish Identity'' in Smith, Brendan (ed.), ''Insular Responses to Medieval European Change'', [[Cambridge University Press]], pp.&amp;nbsp;135–53<br /> * Brown, Michael (2004) ''The Wars of Scotland, 1214–1371'', Edinburgh University Press., pp.&amp;nbsp;157–254<br /> * Devine, T.M. [1999] (2000). ''The Scottish Nation 1700–2000'' (New Ed. edition). London:Penguin. ISBN 0-14-023004-1<br /> * {{Cite book|first= David N.|last=Dumville|chapter=St Cathróe of Metz and the Hagiography of Exoticism|title=Irish Hagiography: Saints and Scholars|location=Dublin|year= 2001|publisher=Four Courts Press|pages=172–176|isbn=978-1-85182-486-1|unused_data= editor}}<br /> * [[George T. Flom|Flom, George Tobias]]. ''Scandinavian influence on Southern Lowland Scotch. A Contribution to the Study of the Linguistic Relations of English and Scandinavian'' ([[Columbia University Press]], New York. 1900)<br /> * {{Cite book|first=Maire|last=Herbert|chapter=Rí Érenn, Rí Alban, kingship and identity in the ninth and tenth centuries|editor=Simon Taylor (ed.)|title=Kings, Clerics and Chronicles in Scotland, 500–1297|location=Dublin|year=2000|publisher=Four Courts Press|pages=63–72|isbn=1-85182-516-9}}<br /> * MacLeod, Wilson (2004) ''Divided Gaels: Gaelic Cultural Identities in Scotland and Ireland: c.1200–1650''. [[Oxford University Press]].<br /> * Pope, Robert (ed.), ''Religion and National Identity: Wales and Scotland, c.1700–2000'' ([[University of Wales Press]], 2001)<br /> * Sharp, L. W. ''The Expansion of the English Language in Scotland'', (Cambridge University PhD [[thesis]], 1927), pp.&amp;nbsp;102–325;<br /> * [[Hugh Trevor-Roper|Trevor-Roper, Hugh]], ''The Invention of Scotland: Myth and History'', Yale, 2008, ISBN 0-300-13686-2<br /> {{refend}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> {{Sister project links|Scotland}}<br /> *[http://www.visitscotland.com/ Visit Scotland] – official site of Scotland's national tourist board<br /> *[http://www.scotreferendum.com/ Your Scotland, Your Referendum] – official website on independence referendum consultation<br /> *[http://maps.nls.uk/ Maps] and [http://www.nls.uk/digitallibrary/index.html digital collections] at the [[National Library of Scotland]]<br /> *[http://www.nas.gov.uk/ National Archives of Scotland] – official site of the [[National Archives of Scotland]]<br /> *{{dmoz|Regional/Europe/United_Kingdom/Scotland}}<br /> *[http://www.scrol.gov.uk/ Scottish Census Results On Line] – official government site for Scotland's census results<br /> *[http://www.scotland.gov.uk/resource/doc/76169/0019773.pdf Scottish economic statistics 2005] (pdf) – from the Scottish Executive<br /> *[http://www.scotland.gov.uk/ Scottish Government] – official site of the [[Scottish Government]]<br /> *[http://www.scotland.org/ Scotland.org] – the official online gateway to Scotland, managed by the Scottish Government<br /> *[http://www.scottish.parliament.uk/ Scottish Parliament] – official site of the [[Scottish Parliament]]<br /> *[http://www.scotlandspeople.gov.uk/ ScotlandsPeople] – official government resource for Scottish genealogy<br /> *[http://www.sns.gov.uk/ Scottish Neighbourhood Statistics] – Scottish Government's programme of small area statistics in Scotland<br /> *{{Wikitravel}}<br /> *[http://www.scottish-places.info/ Gazetteer for Scotland] – Extensive guide to the places and people of Scotland, by the [[Royal Scottish Geographical Society]] and [[University of Edinburgh]]<br /> {{Scotland topics}}<br /> {{United Kingdom topics}}<br /> {{United Kingdom constituents and affiliations}}<br /> {{British Isles}}<br /> {{British peoples}}<br /> {{Celtic nations}}<br /> {{Scotland subdivisions}}<br /> {{English official language clickable map}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=August 2012}}<br /> {{Use British English|date=May 2012}}<br /> <br /> {{Good article}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Scotland| ]]<br /> [[Category:Great Britain]]<br /> [[Category:United Kingdom|Scotland]]<br /> [[Category:NUTS 1 statistical regions of the United Kingdom]]<br /> [[Category:English-speaking countries and territories]]<br /> [[Category:Scots-speaking countries]]<br /> [[Category:Northern Europe]]<br /> [[Category:Western Europe]]<br /> [[Category:Island countries]]<br /> [[Category:Celtic nations]]<br /> [[Category:Autonomous regions]]<br /> <br /> {{Link GA|eo}}<br /> {{Link GA|no}}<br /> {{Link FA|af}}<br /> {{Link FA|ast}}<br /> {{Link FA|ca}}<br /> {{Link FA|es}}<br /> {{Link FA|eu}}<br /> {{Link FA|sq}}<br /> &lt;!--Interwikis--&gt;<br /> <br /> [[af:Skotland]]<br /> [[als:Schottland]]<br /> [[ang:Scotland]]<br /> [[ar:إسكتلندا]]<br /> [[an:Escocia]]<br /> [[roa-rup:Scotlandia]]<br /> [[ast:Escocia]]<br /> [[az:Şotlandiya]]<br /> [[bn:স্কটল্যান্ড]]<br /> [[zh-min-nan:Scot-tē]]<br /> [[be:Шатландыя]]<br /> [[be-x-old:Шатляндыя]]<br /> [[bg:Шотландия]]<br /> [[bar:Schottland]]<br /> [[bo:སི་ཁོ་ཁྲི་ལན་ཌི།]]<br /> [[bs:Škotska]]<br /> [[br:Bro-Skos]]<br /> [[ca:Escòcia]]<br /> [[cv:Шотланди]]<br /> [[cs:Skotsko]]<br /> [[cy:Yr Alban]]<br /> [[da:Skotland]]<br /> [[de:Schottland]]<br /> [[dsb:Šotiska]]<br /> [[et:Šotimaa]]<br /> [[el:Σκωτία]]<br /> [[es:Escocia]]<br /> [[eo:Skotlando]]<br /> [[ext:Escócia]]<br /> [[eu:Eskozia]]<br /> [[fa:اسکاتلند]]<br /> [[fo:Skotland]]<br /> [[fr:Écosse]]<br /> [[fy:Skotlân]]<br /> [[ga:Albain]]<br /> [[gv:Nalbin]]<br /> [[gd:Alba]]<br /> [[gl:Escocia - Scotland]]<br /> [[hak:Sû-kak-làn]]<br /> [[xal:Скотишин Таңһч]]<br /> [[ko:스코틀랜드]]<br /> [[hy:Շոտլանդիա]]<br /> [[hi:स्कॉटलैण्ड]]<br /> [[hsb:Šotiska]]<br /> [[hr:Škotska]]<br /> [[io:Skotia]]<br /> [[ilo:Eskósia]]<br /> [[id:Skotlandia]]<br /> [[ia:Scotia]]<br /> [[ie:Scotia]]<br /> [[os:Шотланди]]<br /> [[zu:IsiKotilandi]]<br /> [[is:Skotland]]<br /> [[it:Scozia]]<br /> [[he:סקוטלנד]]<br /> [[jv:Skotlandia]]<br /> [[kn:ಸ್ಕಾಟ್‌ಲೆಂಡ್]]<br /> [[pam:Scotland]]<br /> [[krc:Шотландия]]<br /> [[ka:შოტლანდია]]<br /> [[csb:Szkòckô]]<br /> [[kk:Шотландия]]<br /> [[kw:Alban]]<br /> [[sw:Uskoti]]<br /> [[kv:Шотландия]]<br /> [[ht:Ekòs]]<br /> [[ku:Skotland]]<br /> [[lad:Eskosia]]<br /> [[la:Scotia]]<br /> [[lv:Skotija]]<br /> [[lb:Schottland]]<br /> [[lt:Škotija]]<br /> [[lij:Scòçia]]<br /> [[li:Sjotland]]<br /> [[ln:Ekósi]]<br /> [[lmo:Scozia]]<br /> [[hu:Skócia]]<br /> [[mk:Шкотска]]<br /> [[ml:സ്കോട്ട്‌ലൻഡ്]]<br /> [[mi:Koterana]]<br /> [[mr:स्कॉटलंड]]<br /> [[xmf:შოტლანდია]]<br /> [[arz:اسكوتلاندا]]<br /> [[mzn:اسکاتلند]]<br /> [[ms:Scotland]]<br /> [[cdo:Sŭ-gáik-làng]]<br /> [[mn:Шотланд]]<br /> [[my:စကော့တလန်နိုင်ငံ]]<br /> [[nah:Escotlālpan]]<br /> [[nl:Schotland]]<br /> [[nds-nl:Schotlaand]]<br /> [[ja:スコットランド]]<br /> [[pih:Skotlund]]<br /> [[no:Skottland]]<br /> [[nn:Skottland]]<br /> [[nrm:Êcosse]]<br /> [[nov:Skotia]]<br /> [[oc:Escòcia]]<br /> [[pnb:سکاٹلینڈ]]<br /> [[pap:Eskosia]]<br /> [[km:ស្កុតឡែន]]<br /> [[pms:Scòssia]]<br /> [[tpi:Skotlan]]<br /> [[nds:Schottland]]<br /> [[pl:Szkocja]]<br /> [[pt:Escócia]]<br /> [[kaa:Shotlandiya]]<br /> [[ksh:Schottland]]<br /> [[ro:Scoția]]<br /> [[rm:Scozia]]<br /> [[qu:Iskusya]]<br /> [[ru:Шотландия]]<br /> [[sco:Scotland]]<br /> [[sq:Skocia]]<br /> [[scn:Scozzia]]<br /> [[simple:Scotland]]<br /> [[ss:Sikoshilandi]]<br /> [[sk:Škótsko]]<br /> [[sl:Škotska]]<br /> [[szl:Szkocyjo]]<br /> [[so:Skotland]]<br /> [[ckb:سکۆتلاند]]<br /> [[sr:Шкотска]]<br /> [[sh:Škotska]]<br /> [[su:Skotlandia]]<br /> [[fi:Skotlanti]]<br /> [[sv:Skottland]]<br /> [[tl:Eskosya]]<br /> [[ta:இசுக்கொட்லாந்து]]<br /> [[tt:Шотландия]]<br /> [[te:స్కాట్లాండ్]]<br /> [[tet:Eskósia]]<br /> [[th:สกอตแลนด์]]<br /> [[tg:Шотландия]]<br /> [[tr:İskoçya]]<br /> [[uk:Шотландія]]<br /> [[ur:سکاٹ لینڈ]]<br /> [[ug:Shotlandiye]]<br /> [[vec:Scozia]]<br /> [[vep:Šotlandii]]<br /> [[vi:Scotland]]<br /> [[vo:Skotän]]<br /> [[fiu-vro:Sotimaa]]<br /> [[wa:Escôsse]]<br /> [[zh-classical:蘇格蘭]]<br /> [[vls:Schotland]]<br /> [[war:Escocia]]<br /> [[wuu:苏格兰]]<br /> [[yi:סקאטלאנד]]<br /> [[yo:Skọ́tlándì]]<br /> [[zh-yue:蘇格蘭]]<br /> [[diq:İskoçya]]<br /> [[zea:Schotland]]<br /> [[bat-smg:Škuotėjė]]<br /> [[zh:蘇格蘭]]</div> Tulumino https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Controlled_foreign_corporation&diff=504413078 Controlled foreign corporation 2012-07-27T11:38:43Z <p>Tulumino: /* German rules */ Added link to German official rules</p> <hr /> <div>{{Taxation}}<br /> '''Controlled foreign corporation''' (CFC) rules are features of an [[income tax]] system designed to limit artificial deferral of tax by using offshore low taxed entities. The rules are needed only with respect to income of entities that is not currently taxed to the owners of the entity. The basic mechanism and details vary among jurisdictions. Generally, certain classes of taxpayers must include in their income currently certain amounts earned by foreign entities they or related persons control. A set of rules generally define the types of owners and entities affected, the types of income or investments subject to current inclusion, exceptions to inclusion, and means of preventing double inclusion of the same income. Countries with CFC rules include, but are not limited to, the United States (since 1962), the United Kingdom, Germany, and Japan. The rules of each of these four countries bear significant differences.<br /> <br /> ==Motivations==<br /> The tax law of many countries, including the United States, does not tax a shareholder of a corporation on the corporation's income until the income is distributed as a dividend. Prior to U.S. CFC rules, it was common for U.S. publicly traded companies to form foreign subsidiaries in tax havens and shift &quot;portable&quot; income to those subsidiaries. Income shifted included investment income (interest and dividends) and [[passive income]] (rents and royalties), as well as sales and services income involving related parties (see [[transfer pricing]]). U.S. tax on this income was avoided until the tax haven country paid a dividend to the shareholding company. This dividend could be avoided indefinitely by loaning the earnings to the shareholder without actually declaring a dividend. The CFC rules of Subpart F were intended to cause current taxation to the shareholder where income was of a sort that could be artificially shifted or was made available to the shareholder. At the same time, such rules were intended not to interfere with active business income or transactions with unrelated parties.<br /> <br /> ==Basic mechanisms==<br /> <br /> The rules vary, so this paragraph may not exactly describe a particular tax system. However, the features listed are prevalent in most CFC systems. A domestic person who is a member of a foreign corporation (a CFC) that is controlled by domestic members must include in such person's income the person's share of the CFC's subject income. The includible income (often determined net of expenses) generally includes income received by the CFC:<br /> <br /> :* from investment or passive sources, including<br /> :** interest and dividends from unrelated parties,<br /> :** rents from unrelated parties, and<br /> :** royalties from unrelated parties;<br /> :* from purchasing goods from related parties or selling goods to related parties where the goods are both produced and for use outside the CFC's country;<br /> :* from performing services outside the CFC's country for related parties; <br /> :* from non-operating, insubstantial, or passive businesses, or<br /> :* of a similar nature through lower-tier partnerships and/or corporations.<br /> <br /> In addition, many CFC rules treat as a deemed dividend earnings of the CFC loaned by the CFC to domestic related parties. Further, most CFC rules permit exclusion from taxable income of dividends paid by a CFC from earnings previously taxed to members under the CFC rules.<br /> <br /> CFC rules may have a threshold for domestic ownership, below which a foreign entity is not considered a CFC. Alternatively or in addition, domestic members of a foreign entity owning less than a certain portion or class of shares may be excluded from the deemed income regime.<br /> <br /> ==United States Subpart F Rules==<br /> <br /> Enacted in 1962, these rules incorporate most of the features of CFC rules used in other countries. Subpart F&lt;ref&gt;[[Internal Revenue Code]], Chapter 1 Subchapter N, Part III, Subpart F, being sections [http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/html/uscode26/usc_sup_01_26_10_A_20_1_30_N_40_III_50_F.html 951-964], hereafter IRC section xxx. Also see [http://www.access.gpo.gov/nara/cfr/waisidx_08/26cfr1j_08.html 26 CFR 1.951-1 ''et seq''.].&lt;/ref&gt; was designed to prevent U.S. citizens and resident individuals and corporations from artificially deferring otherwise taxable income through use of foreign entities.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title = The Deferral of Income Earned Through U.S. Controlled Foreign Corporations - A Policy Study|url = http://www.treasury.gov/resource-center/tax-policy/Documents/subpartf.pdf|publisher = Office of Tax Policy, [[United States Department of the Treasury]]|date = December 2000|accessdate = 2012-07-10}}&lt;/ref&gt; The rules require that:<br /> <br /> * A ''U.S. Shareholder''<br /> * of a ''Controlled Foreign Corporation'' (&quot;CFC&quot;)<br /> <br /> must include in his/its income currently his/its share of Subpart F Income of the CFC and his/its share of earnings and profits (&quot;E&amp;P&quot;) of the CFC that are invested in<br /> <br /> * ''United States Property'',<br /> <br /> and further exclude from his/its income any dividends distributed from such previously taxed income.<br /> <br /> Each of the capitalized terms above is defined:<br /> <br /> :* A ''Controlled Foreign Corporation''&lt;ref&gt;IRC section 957(a).&lt;/ref&gt; is any corporation organized outside the U.S. (a foreign corporation) that is more than 50% owned by ''U.S. Shareholders''.<br /> :* A ''U.S. Shareholder'' is any person (individual or entity) that owns 10% or more of the foreign corporation. Complex rules apply to attribute ownership of one person to another person.&lt;ref&gt;IRC section 958.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> :* ''United States Property'' specifically includes obligations of or investments in related parties, tangible property with a physical situs in the U.S., and stock of a domestic corporation. It does not include bank deposits or obligations of unrelated persons.&lt;ref&gt;IRC section 956.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Subpart F income includes the following:&lt;ref&gt;IRC sections 953 and 954.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> :* ''Foreign Personal Holding Company Income'' (FPHCI), including dividends, interest, rents, royalties, and gains from alienation of property that produces or could produce such income. Exceptions apply for dividends and interest from related persons organized in the same country as the CFC, active rents and royalties, rents and royalties from related persons in the same country as the CFC, and certain other items.&lt;ref&gt;IRC section 954(c).&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> :* ''Foreign Base Company Sales Income'' from buying goods from a related party and selling them to anyone or buying goods from anyone and selling them to a related party, where such goods are both made and for use outside the CFC's country of incorporation. A branch rule may cause transfers between a manufacturing branch of a CFC in one country and a sales branch in another country to trigger Subpart F income. &lt;ref&gt;IRC section 954(d).&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> :* ''Foreign Base Company Services Income'' form performing services for or on behalf of a related person. A substantial assistance rule can cause services performed for unrelated parties to be treated as performed for or on behalf of a related party. &lt;ref&gt;IRC section 954(e).&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> :* ''Foreign Base Company Oil Related Income'' from oil activities outside the CFC's country of incorporation. &lt;ref&gt;IRC section 954(g).&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> :* ''Insurance Income'' from insurance or annuity contracts related to risks outside the CFC's country of incorporation. &lt;ref&gt;IRC section 953.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> but it does not include:<br /> <br /> :* items of income which (after considering deductions, etc., under U.S. concepts) were subject to foreign income tax in excess of 90% of the highest marginal U.S. tax rate for the type of shareholder;<br /> :* ''[[de minimis]]'' amounts of Subpart F income in absence of other Subpart F income in the period;<br /> :* such income if the CFC has a deficit in E&amp;P, in which case it is deferred from recognition until the CFC has positive E&amp;P.&lt;ref&gt;IRC section 952.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> :* any dividend received which is considered paid from amounts previously taxed under Subpart F.&lt;ref&gt;IRC section 959.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Corporate U.S. shareholders are entitled to a foreign tax credit for their share of the foreign income taxes paid by a CFC with respect to E&amp;P underlying a Subpart F inclusion.&lt;ref&gt;IRC section 960.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> To prevent avoidance of Subpart F, U.S. shareholders of a CFC must recharacterize gain on disposition of the CFC shares as a dividend.&lt;ref&gt;IRC section 1248.&lt;/ref&gt; In addition, various special rules apply.<br /> <br /> ==United Kingdom rules==<br /> Controlled Foreign Company&lt;ref&gt;[[Income and Corporation Taxes Act 1988]], as amended (hereafter ICTA88), section 747 ''et seq''. See HRMC's International Manual at [http://www.hmrc.gov.uk/manuals/intmanual/INTM200000.htm INTM20000].&lt;/ref&gt; rules in the UK do not apply to individual shareholders, but otherwise bear many similarities to U.S. rules. UK resident companies subject to a charge for tax on undistributed income of low tax controlled foreign companies of which they are shareholders. Control for this purpose is not a mechanical test, rather one of factual control. However, control is considered to exist if the shareholder (or shareholder group of companies) own 40% or more of voting interests.&lt;ref&gt;&quot;The test is not a mechanical one based simply on, for example, shareholding or voting rights. The aim is to establish whether a person (or persons) has the power to ensure that the affairs of a company are conducted in accordance with his (or their) wishes.&quot; [http://www.hmrc.gov.uk/manuals/intmanual/INTM202020.htm INTM202020].&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> A controlled company is a controlled foreign company if it is tax resident outside the UK and it is subject to a charge to tax less than it would have been were it a UK resident company. This is determined by comparing the actual charge to tax to a corresponding UK tax. In computing the corresponding tax, lower UK rates of tax on small companies are considered. Further, there are taken into account certain adjustments to income and fiscal years.<br /> <br /> Certain exemptions apply.&lt;ref&gt;ICTA88/S748(a).&lt;/ref&gt; Generally, a foreign company will not be considered a controlled foreign company if it meets any of the following tests:<br /> *It is tax resident in a &quot;white list&quot; of countries not considered to be tax havens, as maintained by HMRC,<br /> *The foreign company maintains a policy whereby it distributed 90% or more of its available earnings each year (no longer applicable since 1 July 2009),<br /> *The company qualifies for a De Minimis level of accounting profits being less than £200,000. This level of income has been in place since 1 January 2011. Previously the level was set at £50,000 of profits that would be chargeable to UK corporation tax if the company were UK resident (not necessarily the same as accounting profits).<br /> *The foreign company meets an active business test,<br /> *The foreign company is publicly quoted on a recognized securities exchange, or<br /> *The group meets a no-tax-reduction motive test.<br /> <br /> ==German rules==<br /> The CFC provisions in Germany (§§ 7-14 AStG, Foreign Tax Act)&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/astg/ AStG (in German)]&lt;/ref&gt; apply to both individual and corporate shareholders of a controlled foreign company. Such shareholders must include in their currently taxable income as a deemed dividend their share of passive income if two tests are met:<br /> *German residents control the non-German corporation and<br /> *That corporation is taxed at a rate of less than 25% on the passive income.<br /> <br /> Control in this case is ownership by all German residents of more than 50% of the vote or capital of the foreign corporation. Such ownership includes both direct ownership and ownership through related persons. In determining the 50% threshold, all German residents are considered, even those owning very minor amounts.<br /> <br /> Passive income is all income which is not active income, as extensively defined. Active income, however, excludes income where there has been substantial assistance by a German related party in earning the income. Active income also excludes all income of a foreign corporation lacking sufficient substance. Generally, passive income resembles U.S. Foreign Personal Holding Company Income discussed above. However, deemed dividends may be exempted under some treaties.<br /> <br /> ==Japan and other countries==<br /> Japan taxes shareholders of foreign corporations where the operation of such corporation results in no or minimal foreign tax. However, there is a waiver where the foreign corporation conducts a substantial business. New Zealand and Sweden&lt;ref&gt;The white list with exceptions noted in Swedish, [https://lagen.nu/1999:1229#L2012:415S14].&lt;/ref&gt; each have CFC rules, following a &quot;grey list&quot; and a &quot;white list&quot; approach, respectively. Numerous other countries have CFC rules. Australia has CFC rules similar to UK rules, but relies more on a &quot;white list&quot; of safe countries.<br /> <br /> ==Other anti-deferral measures==<br /> Several countries have adopted other measures aimed at preventing artificial deferral of passive or investment income. The U.S. Passive Foreign Investment Company (PFIC) require that shareholders in foreign mutual funds must include in their current taxable income their share of ordinary income and capital gains, or face a tax-and-interest regime.<br /> <br /> ==Avoiding CFC status==<br /> Under U.S. tax rules, a foreign entity may be classified for U.S. tax purposes as a corporation or a [[flow-through entity]] somewhat independently of its classification for foreign purposes. Under these &quot;[[check the box]]&quot; rules, shareholders may be able to elect to treat their shares income, deductions, and taxes of a foreign corporation as earned and paid by themselves. This permits U.S. individuals to obtain credits for foreign taxes paid by entities they own, which credits might otherwise not be available.<br /> <br /> Artificial arrangements to avoid CFC status may be ignored in some jurisdictions under legislative provisions or court developed law, such as substance over form doctrines.&lt;ref&gt;See, ''e.g.'', [http://www.hmrc.gov.uk/manuals/intmanual/INTM202020.htm INTM 202020] quoted above.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> European civil law may provide opportunities for formalistic agreements whereby practical control is maintained but formal definitions of control are not met.{{Fact|date=September 2011}}<br /> <br /> ==Notes==<br /> {{reflist|2}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:International taxation]]<br /> <br /> [[de:Hinzurechnungsbesteuerung]]<br /> [[ja:タックスヘイヴン対策税制]]<br /> [[ru:Контролируемая иностранная компания]]</div> Tulumino