Wikipedia - User contributions [en]

Devasish Roy

2024-09-24T01:20:11Z

Vinegarymass911: klinks+

{{Short description|Bangladeshi politician (born 1959)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name = Devasish Roy 𑄘𑄬𑄝𑄥𑄨𑄥𑄴 𑄢𑄧𑄠𑄴
| title = [[Raja]]
| image =
| caption =
| succession = [[Raja|Chief]] of the [[Chakma Circle]]
| moretext =
| reign = {{start date and age|1971}}
| reign-type =
| coronation =
| cor-type =
| predecessor = [[Tridev Roy]]
| pre-type =
| successor =
| suc-type =
| regent =
| reg-type =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1959|4|9}}
| birth_place = [[Dhaka|Dacca]], [[East Pakistan]], Pakistan
| father = [[Tridev Roy]]
| religion = [[Theravada Buddhism]]
| occupation = Politician, lawyer
| spouse = {{plainlist|
* [[Tatu Roy]]
* [[Rani Yan Yan]]}}
| spouse-type = Consort
| consort = yes
| issue = Tribhuvan Aryadev Roy
| module = {{Infobox military person | embed=yes
| allegiance =[[Chakma Circle]]
| serviceyears = 1977 - present
}}
}}

'''Devasish Roy''' (also spelled '''Debashish Roy''';<ref name="np6Jul2014" /> born 9 April 1959)<ref name="ind22Dec2017" /> is a Bangladeshi politician and lawyer.<ref name="un" /> He is the [[Titular ruler|titular]] [[Raja]] of the [[Chakma Circle]], [[Bangladesh]]'s largest indigenous community,<ref>{{cite news |last=Monet |first=Jenni |date=1 May 2015 |url=https://indiancountrytoday.com/archive/indigenous-jumma-people-vow-to-launch-non-cooperation-movement-on-bangladesh-aaefc7ew1UuWX7TcvBm3_w |title=Indigenous Jumma People Vow to Launch 'Non-Cooperation Movement' on Bangladesh |work=[[Indian Country Today]]}}</ref> and was a member of the [[United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues]] from 2014 to 2016.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.un.org/development/desa/indigenouspeoples/about-us/members.html |title=UNPFII Members |website=United Nations}}</ref>

== Career ==
Born in a [[Chakma people|Chakma]] family,<ref name="ind22Dec2017"/> Roy is a lawyer by profession and served as a special assistant to the [[Chief Advisor of Bangladesh]] (head of the [[caretaker government of Bangladesh]]) during the [[2006–2008 Bangladeshi political crisis]]. He was in charge of the [[Ministry of Chittagong Hill Tracts Affairs]] and the Ministry of Forest and Environment.<ref name="un">{{cite web |url=https://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/documents/member_roy.pdf |title=Raja Devasish Roy |publisher=United Nations}}</ref>

Roy became King of the Chakma Circle after his father [[Tridev Roy]] went into exile following the independence of Bangladesh from [[Pakistan]] in 1971. In the 1970 general election [[Raja Tridev Roy]] had been elected to the [[National Assembly of Pakistan]] as one of the only two non-[[Awami League]] candidates from [[East Pakistan]]. The former Raja who opposed the independence of Bangladesh fled [[Rangamati]] and escaped to Pakistan at the end of the [[Bangladesh Liberation War]]. However most of the royal family, including the [[Queen regnant|Rani]] and Yuvraj, were still left at the Rangamati Palace. After the emergence of Bangladesh, Yuvraj Devasish Roy was proclaimed Raja due to the absence of his father.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2017-09-20 |title=Chittagong's former Chakma raja who left Bangladesh to live in Pakistan |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/chittagongs-former-chakma-raja-who-left-bangladesh-to-live-in-pak-4851886/ |access-date=2022-09-19 |work=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2012-09-19 |title=Tridiv Roy passes away |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-250386 |access-date=2022-09-19 |work=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
Roy was married to Tatu Roy until her death in 1998.<ref name="np6Jul2014" /><ref name="tr5Jul2014"/> The couple have two children, a son, Tribhuvan Aryadev Roy, and a daughter.<ref name="np6Jul2014" /><ref name="tr5Jul2014"/><ref name="ind22Dec2017">{{cite news |last=Illius |first=Shamsuddin |date=22 December 2017 |title=Chakma Raja Celebrates 40 Years |url=http://www.theindependentbd.com/printversion/details/129173 |work=The Independent |location=Dhaka |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171224034918/http://www.theindependentbd.com/printversion/details/129173 |archive-date=24 December 2017}}</ref> On 4 July 2014, he married Yan Yan, an [[Rakhine people|ethnic Rakhine]].<ref name="np6Jul2014">{{cite web |url=http://www.nirvanapeace.com/english/news-review/country-news/678#.VUU6IeTgUfw |title=Chakma Raja Debashish Roy wedded |date=6 July 2014 |work=The Report 24 |via=Nirvana Peace}}</ref><ref name="tr5Jul2014">{{cite news |script-title=bn:চাকমা রাজার দ্বিতীয় বিয়ে |trans-title=Chakma king's second marriage |url=http://bangla.thereport24.com/article/44132/index.html |work=The Report 24 |date=5 July 2014 |language=bn}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Roy, Devasish}}
[[Category:Theravada Buddhists]]
[[Category:Bangladeshi Buddhists]]
[[Category:Chittagong Hill Tracts conflict]]
[[Category:Chakma people]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1959 births]]
[[Category:Chakma Royal Family]]
[[Category:Bangladeshi barristers]]
[[Category:20th-century Bangladeshi lawyers]]
[[Category:21st-century Bangladeshi lawyers]]
[[Category:People from Rangamati District]]
[[Category:Politicians from Chittagong Division]]
[[Category:Advisers of caretaker governments of Bangladesh]]

User:Vinegarymass911/sandbox

2024-09-23T23:29:49Z

Vinegarymass911: /* Peeps */

{{User sandbox}}


* [[Jahurul Islam (entrepreneur)]] founded [[Islam Group]] which after his death divided into [[Navana Group]], [[Eastern Housing Limited]], and [[Aftab Group]].
*[[Operation Dabanal]]
* [[Cigarette packets in Bangladesh]]
* [[Illicit drug use in Bangladesh]]
*Chargé d'Affaires [[Judith Chammas]]
*[[Prison in Bangladesh]]
*[[Imam Training Academy]]
*[[Sudha Sadan]]
*[[Overseas Correspondents Association Bangladesh]]
*[[Crime Reporters' Association of Bangladesh]]
*[[National Media Institute]]
*[[Bangladesh Freedom Foundation]]
*[[Jessore DOHS]]
*[[Chittagong DOHS]]
*[[Designated Reference Institute for Chemical Measurements]]
*[[Bangladesh Reference Institute for Chemical Measurements]]
*[[Institute of Mining, Mineralogy and Metallurgy, BCSIR]]
*[[Leather Research Institute, Savar]]
*[[Equity and Entrepreneurship Fund]]
*[[Jagannath Hall tragedy]]
*[[Eastern Chemical Industries Limited]]
*[[Tabani Beverage Company Limited]]
*[[United Tobacco Company Limited]]
*[[Bangladesh Glass Industries Limited]]
*[[Horodeo Glass and Aluminum]]
*[[Bengal National Tannery]]
*[[National Tannery]]
*[[Particle Board Veneering Plant]]
*[[Bangladesh Can Company Limited]]
*[[Arco Industries Limited]]
*[[Tiger Wire Products Limited]]
*[[SAF Industries Limited]]
*[[Dhaka Match Factory Limited]]
*[[Bangladesh Foreign Exchange Dealers' Association]]
*[[Sammilito Ainjibi Samannoy Parishad]]
*[[Jatiyatabadi Ainjibi Oikya Panel]]
*[[Dhaka Bar Association]]

== Peeps ==

* [[Abul Khayer Hiru]]
* [[Md. Maksudur Rahman Patwary]]
* Dr. [[Syed Md. Golam Faruk]]
* [[Md. Khalilur Rahman]] secretary
* [[O. N. Siddiqua Khanam]]
*Additional deputy commissioner [[Fazlul Karim Khan]]
*[[Khandokar Shamsuddin Ahmed]]
*Colonel [[Didarul Alam (army officer)|Didarul Alam]]

== Gangsters ==

* [[Sweden Aslam]]
* [[Picchi Helal]]
* [[Subrata Bain]]
* [[Mollah Masud]]
* [[Jafar Ahmed]] alias Manik and [[Jishan Ahmed]]
* [[Murder of Riazul Haque Khan Milky]]
* [[Khalid Mahmud Bhuiyan]]
* [[Jahidul Islam Tipu]]
* [[Shahadat Hossain (gangster)|Shahadat Hossain]]
* [[Bikash Kumar Biswas]]
* [[Prakash Kumar Biswas]]
* [[Ibrahim Khalil (gangster)|Ibrahim Khalil]]
* [[Tanvir Islam (gangster)|Tanvir Islam]]
* [[Aminur Rasul (gangster)|Aminur Rasul]]
* [[Nabi Hossain]]
* Imam Hossain alias Freedom Imam
* Aminur Rasul Sagar alias Tokai Sagar
* Kamrul Hasan alias Choto Hannan
* Arman, Shamim Ahmed alias Aga Shamim
* [[Tanvir Islam Joy]]
* [[Picchi Hannan]]
* [[Seven Star Gang]]
* [[Humayun Kabir Milan]] alias Murgi Milan
* [[Dakat Shohid]]
* [[Moshiur Rahman Kochi]]

== Palestine ==

* [[Mauritius–Palestine relations]]
* [[Mauritania–Palestine relations]]
* [[Czech Republic–Palestine relations]]
* [[Estonia–Palestine relations]]
* [[Palestine–Taiwan relations]]
* [[Kosovo–Palestine relations]]
* [[Colombia–Palestine relations]]
* [[Palestine–Tajikistan relations]]
* [[Palestine–Yugoslavia relations]]
* [[Palestine–Singapore relations]]
* [[Palestine–Uzbekistan relations]]
* [[Niger–Palestine relations]]
* [[Nepal–Palestine relations]]
* [[North Macedonia–Palestine relations]]
* [[Latvia–Palestine relations]]

*

'''Companies:'''

* [[Urea Fertiliser Factory Limited]] in Ghorashal
* [[Polash Urea Fertiliser Factory]]
* [[Panchagar Sugar Mills Limited]]
* [[Thakurgaon Sugar Mills Limited]]
* [[Setabgonj Sugar Mills Limited]]
* [[Rangpur Sugar Mills Limited]]
* [[North Bengal Sugar Mills Limited]]
* [[Pabna Sugar Mill Limited]]
* [[Rajshahi Sugar Mills Limited]]
* [[Zeal Bangla Sugar Mills Limited]]
* [[DAP Fertilizer Company Limited]]
* [[Dhaka Match Industries Company Limited]]
*''[[Bangladesh Honda Private Limited]]''
*[[Alauddin Sweets]]
*[[Bangladesh Ship Breakers Association]]
*[[Amin Mohammad Group]]
*[[Amin Mohammad Foundation]]

== Experiment ==

=== No ===

* Justice [[Sharif Uddin Chaklader]]
* Justice [[Syed AB Mahmudul Huq]]
* Justice [[Md Abu Tariq]],

=== Subjects ===

* Justice [[Abdus Salam (judge)|Abdus Salam]]
* Justice [[Abdur Razzak (judge)|Abdur Razzak]]
* Justice [[Khandoker Musa Khaled]]

=== ex ===

* Justice [[Masuk Hossain Ahmed]]

* Justice [[ASM Hossain]]

* Justice [[Mesbah Uddin (judge)|Mesbah Uddin]]
* Justice [[KM Shafiuddin]]
* Justice [[Mansur Ul Haque]]
* Justice [[AK Badrul Haque]]
* Justice [[Mohammad Anwarul Huq]]
* Justice [[Mohammad Hamidul Haque]]

=== More ===

*[[National Human Resource Development Fund]]
*[[Bangladesh Military Contingent Kuwait]]
*[[Operation Reconstruction Kuwait]]
*[[Line System (Assam)|Line System]]
*[[Jayanti Munshi Reza murder]]
*[[Khulna Chamber of Commerce and Industry]]
*On 22 September 2007, [[Bangladesh Chhatra Mukti Andolon]], [[Bangladesh Khilafat Andolan]], [[Hizb ut-Tahrir (Bangladesh)|Hizb ut-Tahrir]], [[Islami Oikya Andolon]], and [[Islami Shasantantra Andolon]] laid siege to the office of the Prothom Alo for publishing cartoon they deemed offensive to Muslims.
*[[Islami Shangha]]
*[[Al Falah A'am Unnayan Shanstha]]
*[[Ulama Anjuman E Al Bayyinat]]
*[[Dawlatul Islam Bangladesh]]
*[[At-Tamkin]]
*[[Tamiruddin-Bangladesh]]
*[[Towhidi Trust]]
*"''The JMB is, however, learnt to be the youth front of the [[Al Mujahideen (Bangladesh)|Al Mujahideen]], the parent organisation that began working in the mid-1990s and still remains obscure.'' ''Jama'atul Jihad, [[Jamaat-ul-Mujahideen Bangladesh|Jama'atul Mujahideen]], [[Ahle Hadith Andolon Bangladesh]] (Ahab), [[Ahle Hadith Jubo Shangha]], [[Jagrata Muslim Janata Bangladesh]] (JMJB), [[Harkatul Jihad]], [[Hezbut Tawheed|Hizbut Tawhid]], [[Tawhidi Janata]], [[Islami Jubo Shangha]], [[Islami Shangha]], [[Al Falah A'am Unnayan Shanstha]] and [[Shahadat-e al Hiqma]] are believed to be missions of the Al Mujahideen.''"<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Daily Star Web Edition Vol. 5 Num 438|url=http://archive.thedailystar.net/2005/08/19/d5081901033.htm|access-date=2021-04-24|website=archive.thedailystar.net}}</ref>
*[[Muslim Millat Bahini]]
*[[Sramajibi Mukti Andalon]]
*[[Bangladesh Sarbahara Party]]
*[[Sarbahara Party]]
*[[Zihadi Party]]
*[[Gana Bahini]]
*[[Chinnamul Communist Party]]

== Conspiracy ==
*Steward [[Mujibur Rahman (steward)|Mujibur Rahman]],
*former LS [[Sultanuddin Ahmad (Leading Seaman)|Sultanuddin Ahmad]],
*LSCDI [[Nur Mohammad (Leading Seaman)|Nur Mohammad]],
*[[Ahmed Fazlur Rahman (civil servant)|Ahmed Fazlur Rahman]] CSP,
*Flight Sergeant [[Mahfiz Ullah (officer)|Mahfiz Ullah]],
*Corporal [[Abdus Samad (corporal)|Abdus Samad]],
*Havildar [[Dalil Uddin]],
*Flight Sergeant [[Md. Fazlul Haq]],
*[[Bidhan Krishna Sen]],
*Subedar [[Abdur Razzaque (Subedar)|Abdur Razzaque]],
*Clerk [[Mujibur Rahman (Clerk)|Mujibur Rahman]],
*Flight Sergeant [[Md. Abdur Razzaque]],
*[[AB Khurshid]],
*Havildar [[Azizul Haq (havildar)|Azizul Haq]],
*[[Mahfuzul Bari]],
*Sergeant [[Shamsul Haq (sergeant)|Shamsul Haq]],
*Shamsul Alam,
*Captain [[Md. Abdul Motaleb]],
*Sergeant [[Abdul Jalil (Bangladeshi)|Abdul Jalil]],
*[[Mahbub Uddin Chowdhury]],
*Lt. [[M Rahman]],
*former Subedar Tajul Islam,
*Ali Reza,

== Police<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Daily Star Web Edition Vol. 5 Num 941 |url=https://archive.thedailystar.net/2007/01/21/d7012101033.htm |access-date=2022-12-01 |website=archive.thedailystar.net}}</ref> ==

* [[Mahfuzul Haq Nuruzzaman]]
* [[S. M. Muniruzzaman]]
* [[Didar Ahmed]]
* [[Awlad Ali Fakir]]
* [[Krishna Bandhu Das]]
* [[Bhanulal Das]]
* [[Nibash Chandra Maji]]
* [[Amulya Bhushan Barua]]

== 15 August ==

* Lance Corporal (retd) Mahbubur Rashid
* Rafiqul Islam (Ada Chacha)
* Retired Squadron Leader Abdullah Al Mamun
* Retired Major Shoeb Md Tariqullah
* Hasina’s cousin Nazibuddin Ahmed
* Deputy Secretary Mostak Ahmed Sentu
* Women Awami League leaders Sufia Begum
* Women Awami League leaders Hasina Mamtaz
* Madaripur Juba League leader Liton Munshi
* Ratan Sikdar from Narayanganj
* Dhaka Mohanagar Rickshaw Shramil League leader Md Hanif
* Nazrul Islam College student Mamun Mridha
* Juba League leaders Aminul Islam
* Jubo League Atik Sarkar
* Jubo League Shamsuddin Abul Kalam Azad
* Swechhasebak League leader Razia Begum
* activist Abdul Kuddus Patwari
* Shramik League activists Nasir Uddin Sardar
* Shramik League activists Abul Kashem
* Shramik League activists Jahid Ali
* Shramik League activists Momin Ali
* Shramik League activists Ishaq Miyah
* Driver Mohammed Abdul Mati
== Bangladesh Rifles Mutiny ==

* Brigadier General [[Md Abdul Bari]]
* Brigadier General [[Zakir Hossain (officer)|Zakir Hossain]], AMC
* Colonel [[Md Mashiur Rahman (officer)|Md Mashiur Rahman]]
* Colonel [[Mohammad Akhtar Hossain]]
* Colonel [[Md Rezaul Kabir]]
* Colonel [[Nafiz Uddin Ahmed]]
* Colonel [[Kazi Emdadul Haque]]
* Colonel [[Samsul Arefin Ahammed]]
* Colonel [[Mohammad Nakibur Rahman]]
* Colonel [[Kazi Moazzem Hossain]]
* Colonel [[Mohammad Emdadul Islam]]
* Colonel [[Md Aftabul Islam]]
* Lieutenant Colonel [[Enshad Ibn Amin]]
* Lieutenant Colonel [[Enayetul Haque]]
* Lieutenant Colonel [[Golam Kibria (officer)|Golam Kibria]]
* Lieutenant Colonel [[Shamsul Azam]]
* Lieutenant Colonel Md Badrul Huda
* Lieutenant Colonel Md Saiful Islam
* Lieutenant Colonel Lutfur Rahman Khan (doctor)
* Lieutenant Colonel Md. Lutfar Rahman
* Lieutenant Colonel Mohammad Sajjadur Rahman
* Lieutenant Colonel Kazi Rabi Rahman (doctor)
* Lieutenant Colonel Mohammad Sajjadur Rahman
* Lieutenant Colonel Kazi Rabi Rahman
* Major Md. Mizanur Rahman
* Major Mahbubur Rahman
* Major Md Makbul Hossain
* Major Md Abdus Salam Khan
* Major Hossain Sohel Shahnewaz
* Major Kazi Mosaddek Hossain
* Major Mohammad Saleh
* Major Mahmud Hasan
* Major Mustaq Mahmud
* Major Mahmudul Hasan
* Major Humayun Haider
* Major Md Azharul Islam
* Major Md Humayun Kabir Sarkar
* Major Md Khalid Hossain
* Major Mohammad Maksum-ul-Hakim
* Major Syed Md Idris Iqbal
* Major Md Rafiqul Islam
* Major Muhammad Mosharraf Hossain
* Major Mostafa Asaduzzaman
* Major S M Mamunur Rahman bdr
* Major Kazi Ashraf Hossain
* Subedar Major Nurul Islam
* Captain Mazharul Haider Rubel
* Soldier Md Jahurul Islam
* Naznin Shakil (Civilian and Wife of DG)
* Tareq Aziz (Civilian)
* Amjad Ali (Civilian and construction worker)
* Hridoy Hossain Rakib (Civilian and 13 years old)
* Kalpona (civilian)
* Firoz (civilian)

*

*
<references />

1989 in Bangladesh

2024-09-23T23:14:30Z

Vinegarymass911: /* Events */ Added content with citation

{{short description|none}} 
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2019}}
{{YearInBangladeshNav|1989}}
{{Year article header|1989}}

The year 1989 was the 18th year after the independence of Bangladesh. It was also the eighth year of the Government of [[Hussain Muhammad Ershad]].

==Incumbents==
{{multiple image|caption_align=center|header_align=center
| image1 = Hussain Muhammad Ershad.jpg
| alt1 = President Hussain Muhammad Ershad
| caption1 = {{nowrap|H. M. Ershad}}
| width1 = 106
}}
* [[President of Bangladesh|President]]: [[Hussain Muhammad Ershad]]
* [[Prime Minister of Bangladesh|Prime Minister]]: [[Moudud Ahmed]] (until 12 August), [[Kazi Zafar Ahmed]] (starting 12 August)
* [[Vice President of Bangladesh|Vice President]]: [[A. K. M. Nurul Islam]] (until month and day unknown); [[Moudud Ahmed]] (starting September)
* [[Chief Justice of Bangladesh|Chief Justice]]: [[F.K.M. Munim]] (until 30 November), [[Badrul Haider Chowdhury]] (starting 1 December)

==Demography==
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Demographic Indicators for Bangladesh in 1989<ref name = WDI>{{cite web
| url = https://data.worldbank.org/country/bangladesh
| title = World Development Indicators
| publisher = The World Bank
| access-date = 9 Dec 2021}}</ref>
| Population, total
| style="text-align: right;" |100,695,496
|-
| Population density (per km2)
| style="text-align: right;" |773.6
|-
| Population growth (annual %)
| style="text-align: right;" |2.5%
|-
| Male to Female Ratio (every 100 Female)
| style="text-align: right;" |106.6
|-
| Urban population (% of total)
| style="text-align: right;" |19.3%
|-
| Birth rate, crude (per 1,000 people)
| style="text-align: right;" |36.0
|-
| Death rate, crude (per 1,000 people)
| style="text-align: right;" |10.8
|-
| Mortality rate, under 5 (per 1,000 live births)
| style="text-align: right;" |150
|-
| Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
| style="text-align: right;" |57.6
|-
| Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
| style="text-align: right;" |4.7
|}

==Climate==

{{Weather box
|location = Bangladesh in 1989
|metric first = Yes
|single line = Yes
|temperature colour =
|Jan mean C = 17.5
|Feb mean C = 21.
|Mar mean C = 25.3
|Apr mean C = 28.4
|May mean C = 29.
|Jun mean C = 28.3
|Jul mean C = 28.2
|Aug mean C = 28.6
|Sep mean C = 28.2
|Oct mean C = 27.2
|Nov mean C = 23.4
|Dec mean C = 19.2
|year mean C = 25.4
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 3.
|Feb precipitation mm = 21.5
|Mar precipitation mm = 14.8
|Apr precipitation mm = 90.3
|May precipitation mm = 290.2
|Jun precipitation mm = 412.
|Jul precipitation mm = 530.4
|Aug precipitation mm = 172.1
|Sep precipitation mm = 334.3
|Oct precipitation mm = 274.4
|Nov precipitation mm = 4.4
|Dec precipitation mm = 4.8
|year precipitation mm = 2152.2
|source 1 = Climatic Research Unit (CRU) of University of East Anglia (UEA)<ref name = CCKP>{{cite web
| url = http://sdwebx.worldbank.org/climateportal/index.cfm?page=country_historical_climate&ThisRegion=Asia&ThisCCode=BGD
| title = Climate Change Knowledge Portal
| publisher = The World Bank Group
| access-date = 27 May 2018
| archive-date = 27 May 2018
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180527201746/http://sdwebx.worldbank.org/climateportal/index.cfm?page=country_historical_climate&ThisRegion=Asia&ThisCCode=BGD
| url-status = dead
}}</ref>
}}

==Economy==
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Key Economic Indicators for Bangladesh in 1989<ref name = "WDI" />
! colspan="4" style="background: #ffdead;" | National Income
|-
! style="background: #ffffcd;" | ||style="background: #ffffcd;" | Current US$ || style="background: #ffffcd;" |Current BDT || style="background: #ffffcd;" |% of GDP
|-
| GDP || style="text-align: right;" |$28.8 billion || style="text-align: right;" |BDT923.9 billion || style="text-align: right;" |
|-
| GDP growth (annual %) || colspan="3" style="text-align: right;" |2.8%
|-
| GDP per capita || style="text-align: right;" |$285.8 || style="text-align: right;" |BDT9,175 || style="text-align: right;" |
|-
| Agriculture, value added || style="text-align: right;" |$8.8 billion || style="text-align: right;" |BDT282.4 billion || style="text-align: right;" |30.6%
|-
| Industry, value added || style="text-align: right;" |$5.7 billion || style="text-align: right;" |BDT182.8 billion || style="text-align: right;" |19.8%
|-
| Services, etc., value added || style="text-align: right;" |$13.6 billion || style="text-align: right;" |BDT435.9 billion || style="text-align: right;" |47.2%
|-
! colspan="4" style="background: #ffdead;" | Balance of Payment
|-
! style="background: #ffffcd;" | ||style="background: #ffffcd;" | Current US$ || style="background: #ffffcd;" |Current BDT || style="background: #ffffcd;" |% of GDP
|-
| Current account balance || style="text-align: right;" |-$1,099.6 million || style="text-align: right;" | || style="text-align: right;" |-3.8%
|-
| Imports of goods and services || style="text-align: right;" |$4,026.5 million || style="text-align: right;" |BDT118.1 billion || style="text-align: right;" |12.8%
|-
| Exports of goods and services || style="text-align: right;" |$1,639.2 million || style="text-align: right;" |BDT51.2 billion || style="text-align: right;" |5.5%
|-
| Foreign direct investment, net inflows || style="text-align: right;" |$0.2 million || style="text-align: right;" | || style="text-align: right;" |0.0%
|-
| Personal remittances, received || style="text-align: right;" |$758.0 million || style="text-align: right;" | || style="text-align: right;" |2.6%
|-
| Total reserves (includes gold) at year end || style="text-align: right;" |$532.1 million || style="text-align: right;" | || style="text-align: right;" |
|-
| Total reserves in months of imports || colspan="3" style="text-align: right;" |1.5
|}
Note: For the year 1989 average official exchange rate for [[Bangladeshi taka|BDT]] was 32.27 per US$.

==Events==
* [[25 January]] – At Pubail, [[Gazipur District]], a northbound mail train collides head-on with an express going to [[Chittagong]] and several cars roll off an embankment into a [[paddy field|rice paddy]]. At least 110 are killed and thousands injured.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/01/16/world/at-least-70-die-as-2-trains-collide-in-bangladesh.html |title=At Least 70 Die as 2 Trains Collide in Bangladesh |work=The New York Times |date=16 January 1989 |access-date=9 October 2018}}</ref>
* [[9 April]] - Munir Hussain, a wealthy industrialist, kills his wife Sharmin Rima after only four months of marriage. The [[Sharmin murder case|murder and subsequent trial]] generates widespread public comment.<ref name="Bhuiyan1991">{{cite book
| author = Rabia Bhuiyan
| title = Aspects of Violence Against Women
| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=NIfaAAAAMAAJ
| year = 1991
| publisher = Institute of Democratic Rights
| pages = 28–29
}}</ref>
* [[26 April]] - A [[tornado]] struck [[Manikganj District]] destroying around 90 percent of homes in 153 villages.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.interragate.info/notable-past-event/3922 |title=Tornado - April 1989, Bangladesh |website=inTERRAgate |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111003070849/http://www.interragate.info/notable-past-event/3922 |archive-date=3 October 2011}}</ref> The death-count was almost 600.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/04/28/world/tornado-in-bangladesh-kills-600.html |title=Tornado in Bangladesh Kills 600 |work=The New York Times |date=28 April 1989 |access-date=6 November 2018}}</ref>
* [[August 11|11 August]]- In Dhaka, the [[Bangabandhu Bhaban]], the residence of [[Sheikh Hasina]] was attacked with gunfire and bombs by activists of [[Bangladesh Freedom Party]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hasan |first=Mahmudul |date=2024-05-21 |title=Top terrors still control Dhaka crime world from abroad |url=https://en.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/0nrxpe4hh7 |access-date=2024-09-23 |website=Prothomalo |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ago |first=Himusuvoin #esteem • 6 Years |date=2018-08-08 |title=Returning 11 August 1989: Farooq's interview with Bangabandhu's self-styled assassin, assassination of Sheikh Hasina |url=https://steemit.com/esteem/@himusuvo/returning-11-august-1989-farooq-s-interview-with-bangabandhu-s-self-styled-assassin-assassination-of-sheikh-hasina-42fa8bef55b15 |access-date=2024-09-23 |website=Steemit |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-10-29 |title=11 jailed for assassination attempt on Bangladesh PM Sheikh Hasina |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/world/2017/Oct/29/11-jailed-for-assassination-attempt-on-bangladesh-pm-sheikh-hasina-1686344.html |access-date=2024-09-23 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}</ref>
* [[6 September]] - Gruesome [[Nidarabad murder case|murder]] of Birajabala Debnath and her children was committed by a mob at the village of Nidarabad under Harashpur Union of [[Nasirnagar Upazila]] in [[Brahmanbaria District]].<ref name="kk18092010">{{cite news |script-title=bn:'সম্পত্তির জন্য মানুষ এমন পিশাচ হতে পারে' |url=http://www.kalerkantho.com/?view=details&type=gold&data=Hotel&pub_no=285&cat_id=1&menu_id=86&news_type_id=1&index=5&archiev=yes&arch_date=18-09-2010 |newspaper=Kaler Kantho |date=18 September 2010 |language=bn |access-date=2 December 2012}}</ref>
* [[30 October]] - Apparently as a reaction to the laying of the foundation of Ram temple adjacent to the disputed structure in [[Ayodhya]] in [[India]], [[Hindu]] shops were looted and set on fire in [[Chittagong]], in spite of a curfew. Hindu men and women were attacked and molested.<ref name="kamra215">{{cite book |last=Kamra |first=A.J. |title=The Prolonged Partition and its Pogroms: Testimonies on Violence Against Hindus in East Bengal 1946-64 |year=2000 |publisher=Voice of India |place=New Delhi |isbn=81-85990-63-8 |page=215}}</ref>
* [[11 November]] - An [[Islamist]] mob attacked [[Hindu]] shops and temples in [[Narsingdi]]. More than 25 Hindu-owned shops were set on fire and images in three temples were smashed.<ref>{{cite news |title=Pakistan Protests Indian Temple, Moslems Riot in Bangladesh |url=https://apnews.com/cc650e146f7cc59d755089e6d934648b |newspaper=Associated Press |date=11 November 1989 |access-date=12 November 2012}}</ref>

===Awards and recognitions===

====Independence Day Award====
{| class="wikitable" style="width:80%;"
|-
! Recipients
! Area
! Note
|-
|Professor Dr. Md. Mostafizur Rahman || medical science and social work ||
|-
|[[Niaz Morshed]] || sports ||
|}

====Ekushey Padak====
# [[Shahed Ali]] (literature)
# [[Razia Mazid]] (literature)
# [[Mahmud Shah Koreshi]] (education)
# [[Mohammad Asafudowlah Reza]] (journalism)
# [[AKM Shahidul Haque (journalist)|AKM Shahidul Huq]] (journalism)
# [[Abdur Razzak]] (fine arts)
# [[Amalendu Biswas]] (drama act)

===Sports===
* '''[[1989 South Asian Games|South Asian (Federation) Games]]''':
** Bangladesh participated in the fourth South Asian Federation Games held in [[Islamabad]] from 20 to 27 October. With 1 gold, 12 silvers and 24 bronzes Bangladesh ended the tournament at the fifth position in overall points table.<ref>{{cite web|title=South Asian Games|url=http://www.ocasia.org/Game/GHAFDetails?q=svh8YzvFX1mVm6bVPtrPRtE6zwN+Glv8qdDgbbBVssR4PHs4pBH7t8Ogf0QOI0Uo9zamy05tpLx46om6y3FuYA==|publisher=Olympic Council of Asia|access-date=5 November 2018}}</ref>
* '''Domestic [[Association football|football]]''':
** [[Abahani|Abahani KC]] won [[Dhaka League]] title while [[Mohammedan Sporting Club (Dhaka)|Mohammedan SC]] became runner-up.<ref>{{cite web
| url = https://www.rsssf.org/tablesb/bangchamp.html
| title = List of Champions
| publisher = Atsushi Fujioka for Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation
| access-date = 16 October 2018}}</ref>
** [[Mohammedan Sporting Club (Dhaka)|Mohammedan SC]] won [[Bangladesh Federation Cup]] title.<ref>{{cite web
| url = https://www.rsssf.org/tablesb/bangcuphist.html
| title = Bangladesh - List of Cup Winners
| publisher = Ian King, Hans Schöggl and Erlan Manaschev for Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation
| access-date = 30 October 2018}}</ref>

==Births==
* [[20 March]] – [[Tamim Iqbal]], cricketer
* [[1 August]] – [[Abdullah Hel Baki]], sports shooter
* [[1 August]] – [[Reasat Islam Khaton]], footballer
* [[17 December]] – [[Sunny Sanwar]], artist and social activist

==Deaths==
* [[20 January]] – [[Alamgir Kabir (film maker)|Alamgir Kabir]], film director (b. 1938)
* [[7 April]] – [[Amena Begum]], politician (b. 1925)
* [[23 September]] – [[Abu Hena Mustafa Kamal]], author (b. 1936)
* [[19 November]] – [[Mohammad Abdul Jalil]], freedom fighter (b. 1942)

== See also ==
* [[1980s in Bangladesh]]
* [[Timeline of Bangladeshi history]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Years in Bangladesh}}
{{Year in Asia|1989}}

[[Category:1989 in Bangladesh| ]]

{{Bangladesh-hist-stub}}

List of Bangladeshi criminals

2024-09-23T23:02:50Z

Vinegarymass911: Added content with citation

{{Short description|none}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2022}}
The following is a '''list of Bangladeshi criminals''':

== Gangsters ==

* [[Sweden Aslam]] is a Bangladeshi gangster who is convicted of 22 cases including 9 murders from the mid-1980s until he was apprehended in 1997.<ref name="walk">{{Cite news |date=2024-09-04 |title=Top criminal Sweden Aslam walks out of Kashimpur jail on bail |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news/bangladesh/crime-justice/news/top-criminal-sweden-aslam-walks-out-kashimpur-jail-bail-3694076 |access-date=2024-09-04 |work=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref>

==Serial killers==
*[[Ershad Sikder]], Ershad Sikder (1955–10 May 2004) was a Bangladeshi criminal and serial killer, known for committing various crimes such as murder, torture, theft, robbery, and others. He was sentenced to death for murder and subsequently executed on May 10, 2004.

==Single murder==
*[[Ahmed Salim (murderer)|Ahmed Salim]], a Bangladeshi painter who was found guilty of murdering his former girlfriend in Singapore on 30 December 2018, and sentenced to the mandatory death penalty. Ahmed was hanged at Singapore's [[Changi Prison]] on 28 February 2024 after the court of appeal & clemency to President of Singapore were rejected.<ref>{{cite news|date=28 February 2024|title=Man who killed ex-fiancee is first person to be executed for murder in Singapore since 2019|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/courts-crime/man-who-killed-ex-fiancee-is-first-person-to-be-executed-for-murder-in-singapore-since-2019|work=The Straits Times}}</ref>

==War criminals==
* [[Abdul Kader Mollah]], On 5 February 2013, the ICT sentenced Abdul Kader Mollah, assistant secretary of Jamaat, to life imprisonment, Bangladesh law subsequently amended to appeal verdicts and changed to the death penalty, and he was executed.<ref name=guardian-1>{{cite news |title=Bangladesh jails Islamic party leader for life |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/feb/05/bangladesh-jails-islamic-leader |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |agency=Associated Press |date=5 February 2013 |accessdate=6 February 2013}}</ref> Mollah was convicted on five of six counts of crimes against humanity and war crimes.<ref name=yn-1>{{cite news|title=Bangladesh Islamist sentenced to life in prison for war crimes |url=https://news.yahoo.com/bangladesh-islamist-sentenced-life-prison-war-crimes-123137810.html |work=Yahoo News |date=5 February 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130208041918/http://news.yahoo.com/bangladesh-islamist-sentenced-life-prison-war-crimes-123137810.html |archive-date=8 February 2013 |accessdate=6 February 2013 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref> He was accused of shooting 344 people and brutal killing of renowned Poet Meherun Nessa.<ref name=Hensher>{{cite news |last=Hensher |first=Philip |date=19 February 2013 |title=The war Bangladesh can never forget |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/the-war-bangladesh-can-never-forget-8501636.html |newspaper=The Independent |location=London |accessdate=28 October 2013 |quote=But critics of the so-called "Butcher of Mirpur" – who was convicted of {{sic}} beheading a poet, raping an 11-year-old girl and shooting 344 people – have been left fuming over the sentence, and are calling for him to face the death sentence, like fellow accused Abul Kalam Azad.}}</ref>
* [[Delwar Hossain Sayeedi]], On 28 February 2013, Delwar Hossain Sayeedi, the deputy of Jamaat, was found guilty of genocide, rape and religious persecution. He was sentenced to death by hanging, sentence subsequently commuted to life imprisonment.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Manik |first1=Julfikar Ali |last2=Yardley |first2=Jim |date=1 March 2013 |title=Death Toll From Bangladesh Unrest Reaches 44 |newspaper=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/02/world/asia/death-toll-from-bangladesh-unrest-hits-42.html |accessdate=1 March 2013}}</ref>
* [[Muhammad Kamaruzzaman]] was indicted on 7 June 2012 on 7 counts of crimes against humanity. On 9 May 2013 he was convicted and given the death penalty on five counts of mass killings, rape, torture and kidnapping. He was hanged on 11 April 2015.<ref>[http://www.jagranjosh.com/current-affairs/jamaateislami-leader-muhammad-kamaruzzaman-hanged-by-bangladesh-for-1971-war-crimes-1428930815-1 Jamaat-e-Islami leader Muhammad Kamaruzzaman hanged by Bangladesh for 1971 war crimes]. ''Jagran Josh''. 13 April 2015.</ref>
* [[Salahuddin Quader Chowdhury]] was sentenced to death by hanging on 1 October 2013.<ref name=fe>{{cite news |title=Please spare his life, SQ Chy's family urges President |url=http://www.thefinancialexpress-bd.com/search_index.php?news_id=3466&page=detail_news |newspaper=The Financial Express |location=Dhaka |date=6 July 2007 |accessdate=20 April 2011}}</ref> and hanged on 22 November 2015.<ref name=bbc>{{cite news |title=Bangladesh MP Salahuddin Quader Chowdhury to hang for war crimes |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-24344868 |work=BBC News |date=1 October 2013 |accessdate=1 October 2013}}</ref><ref name=Bartrop>{{cite book |last=Bartrop |first=Paul R. |date=July 2012 |title=A Biographical Encyclopedia of Contemporary Genocide |publisher=ABC-CLIO |page=374 |isbn=978-0313386787}}</ref>
*Chowdhury Ahmed Mahfuz Rashid (zckak), was sentenced to death by hanging on 10 January 2021 for revealing confidential FBI information.{{fact|date=September 2022}}
* [[Ali Ahsan Mohammad Mojaheed]] was sentenced to death by hanging on 17 July 2013<ref name="DNA India">{{cite news |title=Top Islamist Ali Ahsan Mohammad Mojaheed gets death for war crimes in Bangladesh |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/world/1862142/report-top-islamist-ali-ahsan-mohammad-mojaheed-gets-death-for-war-crimes-in-bangladesh |newspaper=DNA |location=Mumbai |date=17 July 2013}}</ref> and hanged on 22 November 2015.{{fact|date=September 2022}}
* [[Ghulam Azam]] was found guilty by the ICT on five counts. Incitement, conspiracy, planning, abetment and failure to prevent murder. He was sentenced on 15 July 2013 to 90 years of imprisonment. He died of a stroke on 23 October 2014 at [[BSMMU]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Ghulam Azam dies |url=http://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/2014/10/24/ghulam-azam-dies |work=[[bdnews24.com]] |date=October 2014 |accessdate=23 October 2014}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Bangladeshi criminals| ]]
[[Category:Lists of criminals|Bangladeshi]]
[[Category:Lists of Bangladeshi people|Criminals]]
[[Category:Crime in Bangladesh]]

1993 in Bangladesh

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Vinegarymass911: removed Category:Recipients of the Ekushey Padak using HotCat

{{short description|none}} 
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}
{{YearInBangladeshNav|1993}}
{{Year article header|1993}}

The year 1993 was the 22nd year after the independence of [[Bangladesh]]. It was the third year of the first term of the government of [[Khaleda Zia]].

==Incumbents==
{{multiple image|caption_align=center|header_align=center
| image1 = Begum Zia Book-opening Ceremony, 1 Mar, 2010.jpg
| alt1 = Prime Minister Khaleda Zia
| caption1 = {{nowrap|Khaleda Zia}}
| width1 = 106
}}
* [[President of Bangladesh|President]]: [[Abdur Rahman Biswas]]
* [[Prime Minister of Bangladesh|Prime Minister]]: [[Khaleda Zia]]
* [[Chief Justice of Bangladesh|Chief Justice]]: [[Shahabuddin Ahmed]]

==Demography==
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Demographic Indicators for Bangladesh in 1993<ref name = WDI>{{cite web
| url = https://data.worldbank.org/country/bangladesh
| title = World Development Indicators
| publisher = The World Bank
| access-date = 9 Dec 2021}}</ref>
| Population, total
| style="text-align: right;" |110,350,641
|-
| Population density (per km2)
| style="text-align: right;" |847.7
|-
| Population growth (annual %)
| style="text-align: right;" |2.2%
|-
| Male to Female Ratio (every 100 Female)
| style="text-align: right;" |106.3
|-
| Urban population (% of total)
| style="text-align: right;" |21.0%
|-
| Birth rate, crude (per 1,000 people)
| style="text-align: right;" |32.5
|-
| Death rate, crude (per 1,000 people)
| style="text-align: right;" |9.1
|-
| Mortality rate, under 5 (per 1,000 live births)
| style="text-align: right;" |126
|-
| Life expectancy at birth, total (years)
| style="text-align: right;" |60.4
|-
| Fertility rate, total (births per woman)
| style="text-align: right;" |4.0
|}

==Climate==

{{Weather box
|location = Bangladesh in 1993
|metric first = Yes
|single line = Yes
|temperature colour =
|Jan mean C = 18.0
|Feb mean C = 21.1
|Mar mean C = 23.5
|Apr mean C = 26.4
|May mean C = 26.9
|Jun mean C = 27.7
|Jul mean C = 28.0
|Aug mean C = 27.8
|Sep mean C = 27.5
|Oct mean C = 26.7
|Nov mean C = 23.3
|Dec mean C = 19.9
|year mean C = 24.7
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 15.6
|Feb precipitation mm = 48.9
|Mar precipitation mm = 92.7
|Apr precipitation mm = 120.1
|May precipitation mm = 450.7
|Jun precipitation mm = 499.8
|Jul precipitation mm = 470.9
|Aug precipitation mm = 458.
|Sep precipitation mm = 351.6
|Oct precipitation mm = 135.3
|Nov precipitation mm = 16.9
|Dec precipitation mm = .
|year precipitation mm = 2660.5
|source 1 = Climatic Research Unit (CRU) of University of East Anglia (UEA)<ref name = CCKP>{{cite web
| url = http://sdwebx.worldbank.org/climateportal/index.cfm?page=country_historical_climate&ThisRegion=Asia&ThisCCode=BGD
| title = Climate Change Knowledge Portal
| publisher = The World Bank Group
| access-date = 27 May 2018
| archive-date = 27 May 2018
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180527201746/http://sdwebx.worldbank.org/climateportal/index.cfm?page=country_historical_climate&ThisRegion=Asia&ThisCCode=BGD
| url-status = dead
}}</ref>
}}

===Flood===
* Beginning of August 1993, heavy floods hit the [[Districts of Bangladesh|district]] of [[Gaibandha District]] in Northern [[Bangladesh]]. Continuous rainfall followed. The flood water exceeded the highest level of the 2004 [[Floods in Bangladesh|floods]], affecting 47,000 households.

==Economy==
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Key Economic Indicators for Bangladesh in 1993<ref name = "WDI" />
! colspan="4" style="background: #ffdead;" | National Income
|-
! style="background: #ffffcd;" | ||style="background: #ffffcd;" | Current US$ || style="background: #ffffcd;" |Current BDT || style="background: #ffffcd;" |% of GDP
|-
| GDP || style="text-align: right;" |$33.2 billion || style="text-align: right;" |BDT1,253.7 billion || style="text-align: right;" |
|-
| GDP growth (annual %) || colspan="3" style="text-align: right;" |4.7%
|-
| GDP per capita || style="text-align: right;" |$300.6 || style="text-align: right;" |BDT11,361 || style="text-align: right;" |
|-
| Agriculture, value added || style="text-align: right;" |$9.1 billion || style="text-align: right;" |BDT342.5 billion || style="text-align: right;" |27.3%
|-
| Industry, value added || style="text-align: right;" |$7.6 billion || style="text-align: right;" |BDT287.5 billion || style="text-align: right;" |22.9%
|-
| Services, etc., value added || style="text-align: right;" |$15.3 billion || style="text-align: right;" |BDT577.3 billion || style="text-align: right;" |46.0%
|-
! colspan="4" style="background: #ffdead;" | Balance of Payment
|-
! style="background: #ffffcd;" | ||style="background: #ffffcd;" | Current US$ || style="background: #ffffcd;" |Current BDT || style="background: #ffffcd;" |% of GDP
|-
| Current account balance || style="text-align: right;" |$359.3 million || style="text-align: right;" | || style="text-align: right;" |1.1%
|-
| Imports of goods and services || style="text-align: right;" |$4,589.4 million || style="text-align: right;" |BDT176.8 billion || style="text-align: right;" |14.1%
|-
| Exports of goods and services || style="text-align: right;" |$3,074.1 million || style="text-align: right;" |BDT113.0 billion || style="text-align: right;" |9.0%
|-
| Foreign direct investment, net inflows || style="text-align: right;" |$14.0 million || style="text-align: right;" | || style="text-align: right;" |0.0%
|-
| Personal remittances, received || style="text-align: right;" |$1,007.4 million || style="text-align: right;" | || style="text-align: right;" |3.0%
|-
| Total reserves (includes gold) at year end || style="text-align: right;" |$2,446.6 million || style="text-align: right;" | || style="text-align: right;" |
|-
| Total reserves in months of imports || colspan="3" style="text-align: right;" |6.2
|}
Note: For the year 1993 average official exchange rate for [[Bangladeshi taka|BDT]] was 39.57 per US$.

==Events==
* 12 May – Bangladesh and [[Myanmar]] sign an MOU with [[UNHCR]] to facilitate repatriation of [[Rohingya people|Rohingya refugees]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.burmalibrary.org/docs/Abrar-repatriation.htm |last=Abrar |first=C. R. |title=Repatriation of Rohingya Refugees |publisher=University of Dhaka |access-date=14 November 2018}}</ref>
* 22 May – [[India]] and Bangladesh signed an accord to facilitate repatriation of 50,000 [[Chakma people|Chakma]] refugees from India to Bangladesh.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1993/05/23/world/accord-will-allow-refugees-return-to-bangladesh.html |title=Accord Will Allow Refugees' Return to Bangladesh |last=Hazarika |first=S. |date=23 May 1993 |work=The New York Times |access-date=14 November 2018}}</ref>
* 8 June – [[Securities and Exchange Commission (Bangladesh)]], the regulator of the capital market of Bangladesh, was established under the Securities and Exchange Commission Act, 1993.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.secbd.org/about.htm |title=About SEC |publisher=Bangladesh Securities and Exchange Commission |access-date=4 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130119032232/http://www.secbd.org/about.htm |archive-date=19 January 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

===Awards and Recognitions===

====Independence Day Award====
{| class="wikitable" style="width:80%;"
|-
! Recipients
! Area
! Note
|-
|[[Qazi Abdul Alim]] || Sports ||
|-
|[[Abul Kashem]] || Education || Posthumous
|-
|[[SM Sultan]] || Fine arts ||
|-
|[[Jahanara Begum (social worker)|Jahanara Begum]] || Rural development ||
|-
|[[A. Q. M. Badruddoza Chowdhury]] || Medical science ||
|}

====Ekushey Padak====
#[[Moniruddin Yusuf]] (literature)
#[[Rabeya Khatun]] (literature)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-68868|title=Rabeya Khatun and Syed Shamsul Haque turn 74 today|date=2008-12-27|website=The Daily Star|language=en|access-date=2019-08-15}}</ref>
#[[Mofazzal Haider Chaudhuri]] (education)
#[[Riazuddin Ahmed]] (journalism)
#[[Mohammad Asafuddowla]] (music)
#[[Fazlul Huq (musician)]] (music)
#[[Dilara Zaman]] (acting)
#[[Rafiqun Nabi]] (fine arts)
#[[Jewel Aich]] (magic arts)

===Sports===
* '''[[1993 South Asian Games|South Asian (Federation) Games]]''':
** Bangladesh hosted the 1993 South Asian Federation Games in [[Dhaka]] from 20 to 27 December. With 11 golds, 19 silvers and 32 bronzes Bangladesh ended the tournament at the fourth position in overall points table.<ref>{{cite web |title=South Asian Games |url=http://www.ocasia.org/Game/RegionalGames?RegionalGamesID=7 |publisher=Olympic Council of Asia |access-date=1 November 2018}}</ref>
* '''Domestic [[Association football|football]]''':
** [[Mohammedan Sporting Club (Dhaka)|Mohammedan SC]] won [[Dhaka League]] title while [[Abahani]] KC became runner-up.<ref>{{cite web
| url = https://www.rsssf.org/tablesb/bangchamp.html
| title = List of Champions
| publisher = Atsushi Fujioka for Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation
| access-date = 16 October 2018}}</ref>

==Births==
* 25 February – [[Soumya Sarkar]], cricketer
* 1 April – [[Jahanara Alam]], cricketer
* 15 May – [[Mohammad Mahfizur Rahman]], swimmer
* 25 October – [[Sabina Khatun]], footballer
* 3 December – [[Wahed Ahmed]], footballer

==Deaths==
* 16 March – [[A. N. M. Nuruzzaman]], freedom fighter (b. 1938)
* 17 October – [[Syed Mohammad Ali]], journalist (b. 1928)

== See also ==
* [[1990s in Bangladesh]]
* [[List of Bangladeshi films of 1993]]
* [[Timeline of Bangladeshi history]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Years in Bangladesh}}
{{Year in Asia|1993}}

[[Category:1993 in Bangladesh| ]]

{{Bangladesh-hist-stub}}

1993 in Bangladesh

2024-09-23T22:02:49Z

Vinegarymass911: added Category:Recipients of the Ekushey Padak using HotCat

Riazuddin Ahmed

2024-09-23T21:57:07Z

Vinegarymass911: ←Redirected page to Riaz Uddin Ahmed

#REDIRECT [[Riaz Uddin Ahmed]]

Mohammad Asafuddowla

2024-09-23T21:51:31Z

Vinegarymass911: Added content with citation

{{Short description|Bangladeshi lyricist}}
{{infobox person
|name=Mohammad Asafuddowlah
|native_name=মোহাম্মদ আসাফউদ্দোলা
|native_name_lang=bn
|nationality=Bangladeshi
|occupation=Musician, orator, administrator
| spouse = Zulfia Asaf
|relatives={{ubl|[[Firoza Begum (singer)|Firoza Begum]] (sister)<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/special-programme-on-the-legendary-feroza-begum-63412|title=Special programme on the legendary Feroza Begum|date=2015-02-06|work=The Daily Star|language=en|access-date=2019-03-08}}</ref>|[[Anis Ud Dowla]] (brother)}}
}}

'''Mohammad Asafuddowlah''' is a Bangladeshi lyricist, composer, orator and a former chairman of the Water Development Board of the [[Government of Bangladesh]] . Secretary of many different ministries of Bangladesh.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-171491|title=Raga-based Melodies at Praner Khela|date=2011-01-26|work=The Daily Star|language=en|access-date=2019-03-08}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-233995|title=Immortality through music|date=2012-05-14|work=The Daily Star|language=en|access-date=2019-03-08}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-93652|title=BNP for 'neutral' water experts|date=2009-06-21|work=The Daily Star|language=en|access-date=2019-03-08}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|last=Shahab Uddin|title=Tritiyo matra - with Asafuddowlah and his Family|date=2015-08-03|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qovqw4yzj2o|access-date=2019-03-08}}</ref> He served as the founding editor of the English daily ''[[The Bangladesh Today]]''.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://archive.thedailystar.net/2007/01/20/d70120060571.htm|title=Prepare voter ID cards using low-cost tech|work=The Daily Star|date=2007-01-20|access-date=2019-03-08}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|last=Tritiyo Matra|title=Rokon Uddin Mahmood and Mohammad Asafuddowlah - Tritiyo Matra Episode 3633|date=2013-11-17|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x0-X5ICbNWw|access-date=2019-03-08}}</ref> He was awarded the [[Ekushey Padak]] in 1993 by the Government of Bangladesh for his contribution to music.<ref name=ekushey>{{cite news|url= http://www.moca.gov.bd/site/page/c706da0c-29ee-4f0f-95d9-fa6705e19001/|script-title=bn:একুশে পদকপ্রাপ্ত সুধীবৃন্দ|access-date=2019-03-07|publisher=Government of Bangladesh|language=bn|trans-title=Ekushey Padak winners list}}</ref>

== Early life ==
Asafuddowla was born in 1936 in [[Gopalganj District, Bangladesh|Gopalganj District]], East Bengal, British India.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Profile - Mohammad Asafuddowlah |url=https://tritiyomatra.com/profile/300 |access-date=2024-09-23 |website=tritiyomatra.com |language=en}}</ref> father was Khan Bahadur Mohammad Ismail of a Zamindari family and his mother was Begum Kawkabunnesa.<ref name=":0" /> He studied at the [[Faridpur Zilla School]].<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/op-ed/akm-jalaluddin-scholar-and-mentor-75024|title=AKM Jalaluddin: A scholar and mentor|date=2015-04-02|work=The Daily Star|language=en|access-date=2019-03-08}}</ref> He studied English literature at the University of Dhaka where he was the vice-president of the [[Fazlul Huq Muslim Hall]].<ref name=":0" />

== Career ==
Asafuddowla joined the Bangladesh Civil Service.<ref name=":0" /> He was a joint secretary in 1974.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Khan |first=Q. M. Jalal |url=https://www.google.ca/books/edition/India_s_Hegemonic_Design_in_Bangladesh/5bUmEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=secretary+Asafuddowla&pg=PA212&printsec=frontcover |title=India’s Hegemonic Design in Bangladesh |date=2021-02-25 |publisher=Writers Republic LLC |isbn=978-1-63728-158-1 |language=ar}}</ref> He rebuffed [[Swaran Singh]], [[Minister of External Affairs (India)|Minister of External Affairs]] of India, when he questioned visiting Pakistan for the Second Islamic Conference of the [[Organisation of Islamic Cooperation]].<ref name=":1" />

Asafuddowla was the secreter of the Ministry of Water Resources in 1992.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.google.ca/books/edition/Nation_Today/BIPiAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=secretary+Asafuddowla&dq=secretary+Asafuddowla&printsec=frontcover |title=Nation Today: A Complete Magazine |date=1992 |publisher=Zillur Rahim |pages=36 |language=en}}</ref> There was speculation that he would be made a minister after his retirement.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.google.ca/books/edition/Nation_Today/BIPiAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=secretary+Asafuddowla&dq=secretary+Asafuddowla&printsec=frontcover |title=Nation Today: A Complete Magazine |date=1992 |publisher=Zillur Rahim |pages=7 |language=en}}</ref> As Secretary of the [[Ministry of Commerce (Bangladesh)|Ministry of Commerce]], he led a delegation of Bangladesh to Myanmar.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.google.ca/books/edition/Daily_Report/lzoudistJ04C?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=secretary+Asafuddowla&dq=secretary+Asafuddowla&printsec=frontcover |title=Daily Report: Near East & South Asia |date=1995-07-03 |publisher=The Service |pages=71 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.google.ca/books/edition/Summary_of_World_Broadcasts/spcbAQAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=secretary+Asafuddowla&dq=secretary+Asafuddowla&printsec=frontcover |title=Summary of World Broadcasts: Asia, Pacific |date=1995-07 |publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation |pages=7 |language=en}}</ref>

Asafuddowla served as the Chairman of [[Sonali Bank]].<ref name=":0" /> He was the President of the [[Bangladesh Administrative Service Association]].<ref name=":0" /> In 2012, he filed a petition challenging the legality of keeping civil service officers as officers on special duty following which the High Court made illegal to keep an officer on OSD for more than 150 days.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-01-08 |title=Keeping OSD for more than 150 days illegal: HC |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/country/keeping-osd-more-150-days-illegal-1851280 |access-date=2024-09-23 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref>

In 2017, Bangladesh Nationalist Party suggested Asafuddowla for the post of commissioner of the Bangladesh Election Commission.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bhattacharjee |first=Partha Pratim |last2=Molla |first2=Mohammad Al-Masum |date=2017-02-01 |title=20 shortlisted for five EC posts |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/frontpage/20-short-listed-five-ec-jobs-1354129 |access-date=2024-09-23 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref>

Asafuddowla was the editor of [[The Bangladesh Today]].<ref name=":0" /> He was the chairperson of Bangladesh Society for the Enforcement of Human Right.<ref name=":0" /> At a milad-mehfil by [[Syed Muhammad Ibrahim]] in January 2021, he along with with [[Asif Nazrul]], [[Fakhrul Azam]], [[Hafizuddin Ahmed]], [[Mahmudur Rahman Manna]], [[Mia Golam Parwar]], and [[Zafrullah Chowdhury]] called for the overthrow of Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-17 |title=Call to topple Sheikh Hasina government |url=https://nenow.in/top-news/call-to-topple-sheikh-hasina-government.html |access-date=2024-09-23 |website=NORTHEAST NOW |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Personal life ==
Asafuddowla was married to Zulfia Asaf, daughter of Late Professor [[Nafis_Ahmad|Dr. Nafis Ahmad]] who was Director, Human Resources, at the [[Pan_Pacific_Sonargaon|Pan Pacific Hotel]].

==Works==
;Albums
* ''Sur-e Sur-e Dekha Hobey'' (lyrics and composition; 2011)<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-213167|title=Priyanka Gope's latest album launched at Bengal Shilpalaya|date=2011-12-08|work=The Daily Star|language=en|access-date=2019-03-08}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=http://archive.thedailystar.net/suppliments/2012/anniversary_2012/section1/6.htm|title=21 Anniversary Supplement|work=The Daily Star|date=2012-02-27|access-date=2019-03-08}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Asafuddowla, Mohammad}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:Bangladeshi male musicians]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Ekushey Padak]]
[[Category:Place of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:People from Gopalganj District, Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Faridpur Zilla School alumni]]
[[Category:Bangladeshi civil servants]]

Bangabari Union

2024-09-23T21:32:11Z

Vinegarymass911: Reverted edits by 27.147.206.56 (talk) to last version by PalauanLibertarian

{{short description|Region in Bangladesh}}
{{Infobox settlement
|name = Bangabari
| native_name = বাঙ্গাবাড়ী ইউনিয়ন
|image_skyline =
|image_caption =
|image_flag =
|image_map =
|mapsize =
|map_caption =
|pushpin_map = Bangladesh
|pushpin_label_position =
|pushpin_map_caption = Bangabari Union in Bangladesh
|pushpin_mapsize =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{flag|Bangladesh}}
|subdivision_type1 = [[Divisions of Bangladesh|Division]]
|subdivision_name1 = [[Rajshahi Division|Rajshahi]]
|subdivision_type2 = [[Districts of Bangladesh|District]]
|subdivision_name2 = [[Chapai Nawabganj District|Chapai Nawabganj]]
|subdivision_type3 = [[Upazila]]
|subdivision_name3 = [[Gomostapur Upazila|Gomostapur]]
|government_type =
|leader_title = Chairman
|leader_name = Md. Sadirul Islam
|leader_title1 = Chief
|leader_name1 = Sanjiv Kumar Saha
|leader_title2 =
|leader_name2 =
|leader_title3 =
|leader_name3 =
|established_title =
|established_date =

|area_magnitude =
|unit_pref =
|area_footnotes =
|area_total_km2 = 14.70
|area_land_km2 =
|area_water_km2 =
|area_total_sq_mi =
|area_land_sq_mi =
|area_water_sq_mi =
|area_water_percent =

|elevation_footnotes = 
|elevation_m =
|elevation_ft =
|elevation_max_m =
|elevation_max_ft =
|elevation_min_m =
|elevation_min_ft =

|population_as_of = 2011
|population_footnotes =
|population_note =
|population_total = 30288
|population_density_km2=auto
|settlement_type =Union
|timezone = [[Bangladesh Standard Time]]
|utc_offset = +6
|coordinates = {{coord|24.858|N|88.285|E|region:BD|display=inline,title}}
|postal_code_type =Post Code
|postal_code =6320
|area_code =
|website =[http://bangabariup.chapainawabganj.gov.bd Bangabari Tothyo Batayon]
|footnotes =
}}

'''Bangabari Union''' ({{lang-bn|বাঙ্গাবাড়ী ইউনিয়ন}}) is one of the nine union parishod of [[Gomostapur Upazila]] in [[Bangladesh]]. It has an area of 14.70 km2 and a population at the 2011 Census of 30,288 (preliminary figures). Bangabari Union consists of 19 villages. It has an excellent road communication infrastructure. The union porishod office of Bangabari Union is only three-four hours road journey away from [[Rajshahi Division]], the divisional city.<ref>http://bangabariup.chapainawabganj.gov.bd/ ''Access to Information'', Bangabari Union Parishod At a Glance</ref>

==Geography==
The famous Mohannad river borders Bangabari Union on the south and in the West. Bangabari Union shares a border with [[India]].

==Infrastructure==
===Communications===
[[File:Bangladesh-India-Border-Bangabari-Tangon-River.jpg|thumb|[[Tangon River]] at Bangabari-India border]]
Bangabari Union is served by major cellular networks. Phones are available for making calls. Internet services are available, though the data bandwidth is poor.

===Health facilities===
There is a small public health facility in the village with a doctor and first aid support.

==Education==
Bangabari Union has a low literacy rate, estimated at 49% in 2013{{Citation needed|date=April 2022}}. There are a number of educational facilities around Bangabari, these include
* Government Primary School: 14
* High School: 5 <ref>http://www.bangabariyssc.edu.bd/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180314174801/http://bangabariyssc.edu.bd/ |date=2018-03-14 }}, Bangabari Y. S. School and College</ref>
* Higher Secondary (College): 1
* Technical School: 1
* Religious School: 3

==Languages==
The local people speaks Bangla. Bangla and English languages are taught in the schools and the educated part of the population can understand and speak in English.

==See also==
* [[Gomastapur Upazila|Gomostapur Upazila]]
* [[List of villages in Bangladesh]]
* [[Nawabganj District]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Rajshahi Division]]
[[Category:Unions of Gomostapur Upazila]]

Wadud Bhuiyan

2024-09-23T21:13:02Z

Vinegarymass911: Added content with citation

{{Short description|Bangladeshi politician}}
{{Use Bangladeshi English|date=February 2023}}
{{EngvarB|date=September 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2014}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Wadud Bhuiyan
| native_name = ওয়াদুদ ভূইয়া
| native_name_lang = bn
| image =
| nationality = [[Bangladeshi]]
|office = [[Member of Parliament (Bangladesh)|Member of Parliament]]
| constituency = [[Khagrachhari (Jatiya Sangsad constituency) |Khagrachari]]
| term_start1= 25 February 1996
| term_end1 = 30 March 1996
| predecessor1 = [[Kalparanjan Chakma]]
| successor = [[Jotindra Lal Tripura]]
| constituency1 = [[Khagrachhari (Jatiya Sangsad constituency) |Khagrachari]]
| term_start = 10 October 2001
| term_end = 29 October 2006
| predecessor = [[Kalparanjan Chakma]]
| successor1 = [[Kalparanjan Chakma]]
| office2 = [[Chittagong Hill Tracts Development Board|Chairman of Chittagong Hill Tracts Development Board]]
| term_start2 = 13 February 2002
| term_end2 = 22 November 2006
| predecessor2 = Taracharan Chakma ({{small|In Charge}})
| successor2 = Md. Feroz Kibria ({{small|In Charge}})
| party = [[Bangladesh Nationalist Party]]
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=y|1965|1|5}}
| birth_place = [[Ramgarh Upazila|Ramgarh]], [[Chittagong Hill Tracts|Hill Tracts]], [[East Pakistan]]
| alma_mater = [[University of Chittagong]] (MSS)
| website = {{url|wadudbhuiyan.com}}
}}
'''Wadud Bhuiyan''' (born 5 January 1965) is a Bangladeshi politician. Bhuiyan was elected twice as the member of the [[Jatiya Sangsad]] from [[Khagrachhari (Jatiya Sangsad constituency)|Khagrachari]] constituency respectively in the [[February 1996 Bangladeshi general election|6th]] and [[2001 Bangladeshi general election|8th National Parliamentary Elections]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Members of Parliament : Profile|url=http://www.lcgbangladesh.org/parliament/mpdetail.php?m=298}}</ref> In addition, he served as Chairman of the [[Chittagong Hill Tracts Development Board]] from 2002 to 2006.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-12-20 |title=All legal arms must be deposited by Dec 24 |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/bangladesh-national-election-2018/all-legal-arms-must-be-surrendered-december-24-1676437 |access-date=2024-09-23 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref> He currently holds the posts of assistant employment secretary of Central Executive Committee of the [[Bangladesh Nationalist Party]] (BNP)<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.newagebd.net/article/57569/cases-arrests-worrying-opposition-candidates|title=Cases, arrests worrying opposition candidates |work=New Age |language=en|access-date=2020-04-12}}</ref> and president of the opposition party's Khagrachari local unit as well.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.newagebd.net/article/59939/oppositions-struggle-to-survive-attacks-police-raids|title=Oppositions struggle to survive attacks, police raids |work=New Age |language=en|access-date=2020-02-29}}</ref>

==Early life and education==
Bhuiyan was born on 5 January 1965 to the [[Bengali Muslim]] [[Bhuiyan]] family of [[Ramgarh Upazila|Ramgarh]] in [[Khagrachari District]], which was then a part of [[East Pakistan]]'s [[Hill Tracts]] district. He obtained his [[Master of Social Science|M.S.S]] degree on Sociology from the [[University of Chittagong]] in 1986.

== Career ==
=== Student politics ===

Bhuiyan was active in student politics at Chittagong University. He was the convener, which was equivalent to the post of president, of the Chittagong University unit of [[Jatiyatabadi Chhatra Dal]], the student wing of BNP, from 1987 to 1989. Concurrently, he served as the president of the [[Ramgarh Upazila|Ramgarh]] unit of the student organization from 1980 to 1990.

=== Public office ===

In 1989, Bhuiyan was elected as the counselor of the Khagrachari Hill District Council with a majority of few thousands votes. He later resigned, along with another counselor, from the post, protesting the then-chairman Samiran Dewan's alleged corruption.<ref>{{cite web|title=1st Elected Members: Khagrachari Hill Districts Council|url=http://khdcbd.org/home/formercounselors/}}</ref>

Bhuiyan had also participated in the 5th (1991) and 7th (1996) parliamentary elections as the sole candidate of BNP, only to have been defeated by comparatively close margins.<ref>{{cite web|title=Compare 1991, 1996, 2001 results - Amardesh|url=http://www.amardesh.com/EADetails_1991_1996_2001.php?EA=298}}</ref>

In the 6th parliamentary election, in 1996, he was nominated and elected as the candidate of the [[Bangladesh Nationalist Party]] (BNP) from [[Khagrachari District|Khagrachari]] constituency. In 1997, he filed a petition with the high court challenging the reservation of post of chairperson of the Chittagong Hill Tracts District Councils for indigenous people.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Imam |first=Shah Husain |date=1997-07-18 |title=CHT Peace Talks: Chips are Down |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news/cht-peace-talks-chips-are-down?amp |access-date=2024-09-23 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref>

In the 9th parliamentary election, in 2001, Bhuiyan was again nominated as the candidate of the BNP and elected by a significant margin.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.amardesh.com/EADetailsYear.php?sol=291&Year=2001|title=Bangladesh Parliament Election - Detail Results - Amar Desh Online|website=amardesh.com|access-date=2020-04-12}}</ref> It was alleged militant Bengali settlers intimidated tribal votes which led to his "shock" victory.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mohaiemen |first=Naeem |author-link=Naeem Mohaiemen |date=2008-12-24 |title=Between ashes and hope |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-68402 |access-date=2024-09-23 |website=The Daily Star |language=en |quote=In 2001, militant Settlers aggressively intimidated Pahari voters to stay away from polls (resulting in shock victory of BNP's Wadud Bhuyan, now jailed on corruption).}}</ref> During his term Khagrachari saw expansion of Bengali settlements called cluster village, including beside Sajek road.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ration for 28,000 more Bengali speaking families in CHT on cards |url=https://archive.thedailystar.net/2005/06/04/d50604060266.htm |access-date=2024-09-23 |website=The Daily Star}}</ref> His former bodyguard, Mohammad Joynal Abedin, was elected mayor of [[Khagrachari municipality|Khagrachari]] in 2004.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2010-03-12 |title=Khagrachhari mayor suspended again |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-129726 |access-date=2024-09-23 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref> He filed 19 defamation cases against the [[Matiur Rahman (journalist)|Matiur Rahman]], editor of Prothom Alo, its publisher, and reporter.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2009-07-20 |title=Law suit mulled to gag media |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-97852 |access-date=2024-09-23 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref> As Chairman of the Chittagong Hill Tracts Development Board, he was biased towards Bengali settlers.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Panday |first=Pranab Kumar |last2=Jamil |first2=Ishtiaq |date=2009-08-02 |title=Agonies of indigenous people |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-99796 |access-date=2024-09-23 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref>

[[Parbattya Chattagram Jano Sanghati Samity]] raised allegations of corruption against Bhuiyan in 2008.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Manabendra Larma's contributions recalled |url=https://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/cache/cached-news-details-62656.html |access-date=2024-09-23 |website=archive.thedailystar.net}}</ref> Bhuiyan's political protegee, Mohammad Selim, received government contracts in Khagrachari through his influence.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2009-01-08 |title=Misappropriation of fund alleged |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-70429 |access-date=2024-09-23 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref> His aid and [[Village Defence Party|Village Defense Party]] member, Mohammad Abdus Salam illegally occupied land and built homes worth 40 million BDT.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Party in power made once VDP man a millionaire |url=https://archive.thedailystar.net/2007/03/14/d703140701107.htm |access-date=2024-09-23 |website=The Daily Star}}</ref> His another aid, Joynal Abedin, was an advisor of the Parbattya Chattagram Samo Adhiker Andolon.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2008-03-02 |title=20 acre lands of tribesmen grabbed in Khagrachhari |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-25688 |access-date=2024-09-23 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref>

In 2001, he was appointed as a member of the parliamentary standing committee on Ministry of Chittagong Hill Tracts Affairs, with BNP chairperson and Prime Minister [[Khaleda Zia]] heading the committee.<ref>{{cite web|title=Standing Committee on Ministry of Chittagong Hill Tracts|url=http://www.lcgbangladesh.org/parliament/committees.php#Standing%20Committee%20on%20Ministry%20of%20Chittagong%20Hill%20Tracts}}</ref>

In 2002, he was appointed as the chairman of the [[Chittagong Hill Tracts Development Board]], a government agency established in 1978 by [[Ziaur Rahman]], the founder of the BNP and then-[[President of Bangladesh]].<ref>{{cite book |author=Amena Mohsin |title=The Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bangladesh: On the Difficult Road to Peace |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V-v3hipIl_kC&pg=PA76 |publisher=Lynne Rienner Publishers |year=2003 |page=76 |isbn=978-1-58826-138-0}}</ref>

In the 10th parliamentary election, he couldn't participate due to his imprisonment during military influenced then-[[caretaker government]]'s period for misappropriating public funds.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Jamil|first1=Dr Ishtiaq|last2=Panday|first2=Pranab Kumar|date=2008-11-01|title=The Elusive Peace Accord in the Chittagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh and the Plight of the Indigenous People|url=https://doi.org/10.1080/14662040802461141|journal=Commonwealth & Comparative Politics|volume=46|issue=4|pages=464–489|doi=10.1080/14662040802461141|s2cid=154006067|issn=1466-2043}}</ref> In the last parliamentary election held in 2018, his candidacy was revoked by the Bangladesh Election Commission and then confirmed by the Bangladesh High Court as well after he filed an appeal.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/bangladesh-national-election-2018/bnp-abdul-wadud-bhuiyan-turned-down-candidacy-appeal-1671697|title=BNP's Wadud turned down in candidacy appeal|date=2018-12-10|work=The Daily Star|language=en|access-date=2020-02-29}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-12-06 |title=BNP’s Wadud Bhuiyan, Abdul Wahab denied |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/bangladesh-national-election-2018/bnp-candidate-wadud-bhuiyan-abdul-wahab-denied-nomination-paper-1669975 |access-date=2024-09-23 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref> In December 2018, he was injured in an attack by Awami League activists while campaigning for Shahidul Islam Bhuiyan Farhad, candidate of the [[Jatiya Oikya Front]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-12-26 |title=20 hurt as BNP campaign attacked in Khagrachhari |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/bangladesh-national-election-2018/20-hurt-bnp-campaign-attacked-in-khagrachhari-1679116 |access-date=2024-09-23 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref>

=== Political activism ===
Bhuiyan is known as the leader of the people with Bengali lineage living in the [[Chittagong Hill Tracts]]. He was also known for his vocal position to the militant activities of [[Shanti Bahini]], the rebellious military wing of the [[Parbatya Chattagram Jana Sanghati Samiti]] (PCJSS) that operated until the [[Chittagong Hill Tracts Peace Accord]] was signed between the Bangladesh government and the PCJSS in 1997.

Bhuiyan was the architect<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.dhakamirror.com/other-headlines/curfew-clamped-on-khagrachari-town/|title=Curfew clamped on Khagrachari town |work=Dhaka Mirror|access-date=2020-04-12}}</ref> behind the foundation of Parbatya Chattagram Sama-Odhikar Andolon (Chittagong Hill Tracts Equal-Rights Movement), an organization which demanded an equal share for Bengali in any dispensation intended for ethnic people.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.iwgia.org/images/publications/0577_Igia_report_14_optimized.pdf|title=Militarization in the Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bangladesh|website=IWGIA}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2007-12-07 |title=Mainul asked to withdraw comment on CHT accord |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-14527 |access-date=2024-09-23 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref> It is opposed the the [[Chittagong Hill Tracts Peace Accord]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=5 March 2004 |title=Home Minister back with a Bang |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/magazine/2004/03/01/news.htm |access-date=2024-09-23 |website=[[Star Magazine]]}}</ref> In 2004, it attacked the motorcade of Dr [[Kamal Hossain]], leader of the Gono Forum, while he was on his way to [[Rangamati]] to attend a meeting of the Jonosanghoti Samity.<ref name=":0" /> While Prime Minister Khaleda Zia assured Kamal Hossain of a proper investigation, the Home Minister [[Altaf Hossain Chowdhury]] blamed it on Kamal Hossain and his supporters.<ref name=":0" /> A case was filed against Bhuiyan over the attack.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Local MP must take responsibility |url=https://archive.thedailystar.net/2004/02/27/d40227110782.htm |access-date=2024-09-23 |website=The Daily Star}}</ref> Syed Badrul Ahsan held Bhuiyan as one of the people responsible for tensions in the hill tracts.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ahsan |first=Syed Badrul |date=2007-12-06 |title=The CHT accord was, and remains, a seminal achievement |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-14337 |access-date=2024-09-23 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref>

==Arrests==
Bhuiyan was also arrested during the [[caretaker government]]'s period on 4 February 2007 from Baithak, his house in Khagrachar which was later seized by Bangladesh Police.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2008-05-28 |title=Jubo Dal trying to keep BNP alive in Khagrachhari |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-38590 |access-date=2024-09-23 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Wadud's palatial house seized, Babul sent to jail |url=https://archive.thedailystar.net/2007/02/24/d7022401022.htm |access-date=2024-09-23 |website=The Daily Star}}</ref> The [[Anti-Corruption Commission (Bangladesh)|Anti-Corruption Commission]] and the [[National Board of Revenue]] seized his imported BMW, worth 30 million BDT, from the home of Mohammad Mahfuz, his friend and Bangladesh Nationalist Party politician.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 February 2007 |title=BNP ex-MP Wadud's BMW seized |url=https://archive.thedailystar.net/2007/02/22/d7022201044.htm |access-date=2024-09-23 |website=The Daily Star}}</ref> His assets were frozen in May 2007 on court orders.<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 May 2007 |title=Ex-MP Wadud Bhuiyan's properties frozen |url=https://archive.thedailystar.net/2007/05/15/d70515012615.htm |access-date=2024-09-23 |website=The Daily Star}}</ref> A special court in Chittagong sentenced him to 20 years in jail.<ref>{{cite news|title=Ex-BNP MP Wadud Bhuiyan jailed for 20 years|url=http://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/2007/07/22/ex-bnp-mp-wadud-bhuiyan-jailed-for-20-years|newspaper=bdnews24.com}}</ref> He worked as a gardener in jail.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2007-12-10 |title=They kill flies, work their way out of jails |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-14913 |access-date=2024-09-23 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref> However, this conviction order, along with seven orders, was later stayed by the High Court,<ref>{{cite news|title=Conviction order of seven stayed by HC|url=http://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=55332|newspaper=The Daily Star}}</ref> and he was granted bail for six months.<ref>{{cite news|title=HC grants bail to ex-BNP MP Wadud Bhuiyan for six months|url=http://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=86155|newspaper=The Daily Star}}</ref> He had 20 criminal cases filed against him.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Majumder |first=Jasim |last2=Khagrachhari |date=2008-12-02 |title=3 'criminals', 7 accused in Khagrachhari poll race |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-65760 |access-date=2024-09-23 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bhuiyan, Wadud}}
[[Category:1965 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Khagrachhari District]]
[[Category:Politicians from Chittagong Division]]
[[Category:Bangladesh Nationalist Party politicians]]
[[Category:University of Chittagong alumni]]
[[Category:21st-century Bangladeshi politicians]]
[[Category:6th Jatiya Sangsad members]]
[[Category:8th Jatiya Sangsad members]]
[[Category:20th-century Bengalis]]
[[Category:21st-century Bengalis]]

Wadud Bhuiyan

2024-09-23T21:02:26Z

Vinegarymass911: /* Political career */ Added content with citation

{{Short description|Bangladeshi politician}}
{{Use Bangladeshi English|date=February 2023}}
{{EngvarB|date=September 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2014}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Wadud Bhuiyan
| native_name = ওয়াদুদ ভূইয়া
| native_name_lang = bn
| image =
| nationality = [[Bangladeshi]]
|office = [[Member of Parliament (Bangladesh)|Member of Parliament]]
| constituency = [[Khagrachhari (Jatiya Sangsad constituency) |Khagrachari]]
| term_start1= 25 February 1996
| term_end1 = 30 March 1996
| predecessor1 = [[Kalparanjan Chakma]]
| successor = [[Jotindra Lal Tripura]]
| constituency1 = [[Khagrachhari (Jatiya Sangsad constituency) |Khagrachari]]
| term_start = 10 October 2001
| term_end = 29 October 2006
| predecessor = [[Kalparanjan Chakma]]
| successor1 = [[Kalparanjan Chakma]]
| office2 = [[Chittagong Hill Tracts Development Board|Chairman of Chittagong Hill Tracts Development Board]]
| term_start2 = 13 February 2002
| term_end2 = 22 November 2006
| predecessor2 = Taracharan Chakma ({{small|In Charge}})
| successor2 = Md. Feroz Kibria ({{small|In Charge}})
| party = [[Bangladesh Nationalist Party]]
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=y|1965|1|5}}
| birth_place = [[Ramgarh Upazila|Ramgarh]], [[Chittagong Hill Tracts|Hill Tracts]], [[East Pakistan]]
| alma_mater = [[University of Chittagong]] (MSS)
| website = {{url|wadudbhuiyan.com}}
}}
'''Wadud Bhuiyan''' (born 5 January 1965) is a Bangladeshi politician. Bhuiyan was elected twice as the member of the [[Jatiya Sangsad]] from [[Khagrachhari (Jatiya Sangsad constituency)|Khagrachari]] constituency respectively in the [[February 1996 Bangladeshi general election|6th]] and [[2001 Bangladeshi general election|8th National Parliamentary Elections]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Members of Parliament : Profile|url=http://www.lcgbangladesh.org/parliament/mpdetail.php?m=298}}</ref> In addition, he served as Chairman of the [[Chittagong Hill Tracts Development Board]] from 2002 to 2006.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-12-20 |title=All legal arms must be deposited by Dec 24 |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/bangladesh-national-election-2018/all-legal-arms-must-be-surrendered-december-24-1676437 |access-date=2024-09-23 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref> He currently holds the posts of assistant employment secretary of Central Executive Committee of the [[Bangladesh Nationalist Party]] (BNP)<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.newagebd.net/article/57569/cases-arrests-worrying-opposition-candidates|title=Cases, arrests worrying opposition candidates |work=New Age |language=en|access-date=2020-04-12}}</ref> and president of the opposition party's Khagrachari local unit as well.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.newagebd.net/article/59939/oppositions-struggle-to-survive-attacks-police-raids|title=Oppositions struggle to survive attacks, police raids |work=New Age |language=en|access-date=2020-02-29}}</ref>

==Early life and education==
Bhuiyan was born on 5 January 1965 to the [[Bengali Muslim]] [[Bhuiyan]] family of [[Ramgarh Upazila|Ramgarh]] in [[Khagrachari District]], which was then a part of [[East Pakistan]]'s [[Hill Tracts]] district. He obtained his [[Master of Social Science|M.S.S]] degree on Sociology from the [[University of Chittagong]] in 1986.

== Career ==
=== Student politics ===

Bhuiyan was active in student politics at Chittagong University. He was the convener, which was equivalent to the post of president, of the Chittagong University unit of [[Jatiyatabadi Chhatra Dal]], the student wing of BNP, from 1987 to 1989. Concurrently, he served as the president of the [[Ramgarh Upazila|Ramgarh]] unit of the student organization from 1980 to 1990.

=== Public office ===

In 1989, Bhuiyan was elected as the counselor of the Khagrachari Hill District Council with a majority of few thousands votes. He later resigned, along with another counselor, from the post, protesting the then-chairman Samiran Dewan's alleged corruption.<ref>{{cite web|title=1st Elected Members: Khagrachari Hill Districts Council|url=http://khdcbd.org/home/formercounselors/}}</ref>

Bhuiyan had also participated in the 5th (1991) and 7th (1996) parliamentary elections as the sole candidate of BNP, only to have been defeated by comparatively close margins.<ref>{{cite web|title=Compare 1991, 1996, 2001 results - Amardesh|url=http://www.amardesh.com/EADetails_1991_1996_2001.php?EA=298}}</ref>

In the 6th parliamentary election, in 1996, he was nominated and elected as the candidate of the [[Bangladesh Nationalist Party]] (BNP) from [[Khagrachari District|Khagrachari]] constituency. In 1997, he filed a petition with the high court challenging the reservation of post of chairperson of the Chittagong Hill Tracts District Councils for indigenous people.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Imam |first=Shah Husain |date=1997-07-18 |title=CHT Peace Talks: Chips are Down |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news/cht-peace-talks-chips-are-down?amp |access-date=2024-09-23 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref>

In the 9th parliamentary election, in 2001, Bhuiyan was again nominated as the candidate of the BNP and elected by a significant margin.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.amardesh.com/EADetailsYear.php?sol=291&Year=2001|title=Bangladesh Parliament Election - Detail Results - Amar Desh Online|website=amardesh.com|access-date=2020-04-12}}</ref> It was alleged militant Bengali settlers intimidated tribal votes which led to his "shock" victory.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mohaiemen |first=Naeem |author-link=Naeem Mohaiemen |date=2008-12-24 |title=Between ashes and hope |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-68402 |access-date=2024-09-23 |website=The Daily Star |language=en |quote=In 2001, militant Settlers aggressively intimidated Pahari voters to stay away from polls (resulting in shock victory of BNP's Wadud Bhuyan, now jailed on corruption).}}</ref> During his term Khagrachari saw expansion of Bengali settlements called cluster village, including beside Sajek road.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ration for 28,000 more Bengali speaking families in CHT on cards |url=https://archive.thedailystar.net/2005/06/04/d50604060266.htm |access-date=2024-09-23 |website=The Daily Star}}</ref> His former bodyguard, Mohammad Joynal Abedin, was elected mayor of [[Khagrachari municipality|Khagrachari]] in 2004.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2010-03-12 |title=Khagrachhari mayor suspended again |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-129726 |access-date=2024-09-23 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref> He filed 19 defamation cases against the [[Matiur Rahman (journalist)|Matiur Rahman]], editor of Prothom Alo, its publisher, and reporter.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2009-07-20 |title=Law suit mulled to gag media |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-97852 |access-date=2024-09-23 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref>

[[Parbattya Chattagram Jano Sanghati Samity]] raised allegations of corruption against Bhuiyan in 2008.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Manabendra Larma's contributions recalled |url=https://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/cache/cached-news-details-62656.html |access-date=2024-09-23 |website=archive.thedailystar.net}}</ref> Bhuiyan's political protegee, Mohammad Selim, received government contracts in Khagrachari through his influence.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2009-01-08 |title=Misappropriation of fund alleged |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-70429 |access-date=2024-09-23 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref> His aid and [[Village Defence Party|Village Defense Party]] member, Mohammad Abdus Salam illegally occupied land and built homes worth 40 million BDT.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Party in power made once VDP man a millionaire |url=https://archive.thedailystar.net/2007/03/14/d703140701107.htm |access-date=2024-09-23 |website=The Daily Star}}</ref>

In 2001, he was appointed as a member of the parliamentary standing committee on Ministry of Chittagong Hill Tracts Affairs, with BNP chairperson and Prime Minister [[Khaleda Zia]] heading the committee.<ref>{{cite web|title=Standing Committee on Ministry of Chittagong Hill Tracts|url=http://www.lcgbangladesh.org/parliament/committees.php#Standing%20Committee%20on%20Ministry%20of%20Chittagong%20Hill%20Tracts}}</ref>

In 2002, he was appointed as the chairman of the [[Chittagong Hill Tracts Development Board]], a government agency established in 1978 by [[Ziaur Rahman]], the founder of the BNP and then-[[President of Bangladesh]].<ref>{{cite book |author=Amena Mohsin |title=The Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bangladesh: On the Difficult Road to Peace |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V-v3hipIl_kC&pg=PA76 |publisher=Lynne Rienner Publishers |year=2003 |page=76 |isbn=978-1-58826-138-0}}</ref>

In the 10th parliamentary election, he couldn't participate due to his imprisonment during military influenced then-[[caretaker government]]'s period for misappropriating public funds.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Jamil|first1=Dr Ishtiaq|last2=Panday|first2=Pranab Kumar|date=2008-11-01|title=The Elusive Peace Accord in the Chittagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh and the Plight of the Indigenous People|url=https://doi.org/10.1080/14662040802461141|journal=Commonwealth & Comparative Politics|volume=46|issue=4|pages=464–489|doi=10.1080/14662040802461141|s2cid=154006067|issn=1466-2043}}</ref> In the last parliamentary election held in 2018, his candidacy was revoked by the Bangladesh Election Commission and then confirmed by the Bangladesh High Court as well after he filed an appeal.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/bangladesh-national-election-2018/bnp-abdul-wadud-bhuiyan-turned-down-candidacy-appeal-1671697|title=BNP's Wadud turned down in candidacy appeal|date=2018-12-10|work=The Daily Star|language=en|access-date=2020-02-29}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-12-06 |title=BNP’s Wadud Bhuiyan, Abdul Wahab denied |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/bangladesh-national-election-2018/bnp-candidate-wadud-bhuiyan-abdul-wahab-denied-nomination-paper-1669975 |access-date=2024-09-23 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref> In December 2018, he was injured in an attack by Awami League activists while campaigning for Shahidul Islam Bhuiyan Farhad, candidate of the [[Jatiya Oikya Front]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-12-26 |title=20 hurt as BNP campaign attacked in Khagrachhari |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/bangladesh-national-election-2018/20-hurt-bnp-campaign-attacked-in-khagrachhari-1679116 |access-date=2024-09-23 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref>

=== Political activism ===
Bhuiyan is known as the leader of the people with Bengali lineage living in the [[Chittagong Hill Tracts]]. He was also known for his vocal position to the militant activities of [[Shanti Bahini]], the rebellious military wing of the [[Parbatya Chattagram Jana Sanghati Samiti]] (PCJSS) that operated until the [[Chittagong Hill Tracts Peace Accord]] was signed between the Bangladesh government and the PCJSS in 1997.

Bhuiyan was the architect<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.dhakamirror.com/other-headlines/curfew-clamped-on-khagrachari-town/|title=Curfew clamped on Khagrachari town |work=Dhaka Mirror|access-date=2020-04-12}}</ref> behind the foundation of Parbatya Chattagram Sama-Odhikar Andolon (Chittagong Hill Tracts Equal-Rights Movement), an organization which demanded an equal share for Bengali in any dispensation intended for ethnic people.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.iwgia.org/images/publications/0577_Igia_report_14_optimized.pdf|title=Militarization in the Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bangladesh|website=IWGIA}}</ref> It is opposed the the [[Chittagong Hill Tracts Peace Accord]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=5 March 2004 |title=Home Minister back with a Bang |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/magazine/2004/03/01/news.htm |access-date=2024-09-23 |website=[[Star Magazine]]}}</ref> In 2004, it attacked the motorcade of Dr [[Kamal Hossain]], leader of the Gono Forum, while he was on his way to [[Rangamati]] to attend a meeting of the Jonosanghoti Samity.<ref name=":0" /> While Prime Minister Khaleda Zia assured Kamal Hossain of a proper investigation, the Home Minister [[Altaf Hossain Chowdhury]] blamed it on Kamal Hossain and his supporters.<ref name=":0" /> A case was filed against Bhuiyan over the attack.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Local MP must take responsibility |url=https://archive.thedailystar.net/2004/02/27/d40227110782.htm |access-date=2024-09-23 |website=The Daily Star}}</ref> Syed Badrul Ahsan held Bhuiyan as one of the people responsible for tensions in the hill tracts.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ahsan |first=Syed Badrul |date=2007-12-06 |title=The CHT accord was, and remains, a seminal achievement |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-14337 |access-date=2024-09-23 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref>

==Arrests==
Bhuiyan was also arrested during the [[caretaker government]]'s period on 4 February 2007 from Baithak, his house in Khagrachar which was later seized by Bangladesh Police.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2008-05-28 |title=Jubo Dal trying to keep BNP alive in Khagrachhari |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-38590 |access-date=2024-09-23 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Wadud's palatial house seized, Babul sent to jail |url=https://archive.thedailystar.net/2007/02/24/d7022401022.htm |access-date=2024-09-23 |website=The Daily Star}}</ref> The [[Anti-Corruption Commission (Bangladesh)|Anti-Corruption Commission]] and the [[National Board of Revenue]] seized his imported BMW, worth 30 million BDT, from the home of Mohammad Mahfuz, his friend and Bangladesh Nationalist Party politician.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 February 2007 |title=BNP ex-MP Wadud's BMW seized |url=https://archive.thedailystar.net/2007/02/22/d7022201044.htm |access-date=2024-09-23 |website=The Daily Star}}</ref> His assets were frozen in May 2007 on court orders.<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 May 2007 |title=Ex-MP Wadud Bhuiyan's properties frozen |url=https://archive.thedailystar.net/2007/05/15/d70515012615.htm |access-date=2024-09-23 |website=The Daily Star}}</ref> A special court in Chittagong sentenced him to 20 years in jail.<ref>{{cite news|title=Ex-BNP MP Wadud Bhuiyan jailed for 20 years|url=http://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/2007/07/22/ex-bnp-mp-wadud-bhuiyan-jailed-for-20-years|newspaper=bdnews24.com}}</ref> However, this conviction order, along with seven orders, was later stayed by the High Court,<ref>{{cite news|title=Conviction order of seven stayed by HC|url=http://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=55332|newspaper=The Daily Star}}</ref> and he was granted bail for six months.<ref>{{cite news|title=HC grants bail to ex-BNP MP Wadud Bhuiyan for six months|url=http://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=86155|newspaper=The Daily Star}}</ref> He had 20 criminal cases filed against him.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Majumder |first=Jasim |last2=Khagrachhari |date=2008-12-02 |title=3 'criminals', 7 accused in Khagrachhari poll race |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-65760 |access-date=2024-09-23 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bhuiyan, Wadud}}
[[Category:1965 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Khagrachhari District]]
[[Category:Politicians from Chittagong Division]]
[[Category:Bangladesh Nationalist Party politicians]]
[[Category:University of Chittagong alumni]]
[[Category:21st-century Bangladeshi politicians]]
[[Category:6th Jatiya Sangsad members]]
[[Category:8th Jatiya Sangsad members]]
[[Category:20th-century Bengalis]]
[[Category:21st-century Bengalis]]

Parbattya Chattagram Jano Sanghati Samity

2024-09-23T20:43:15Z

Vinegarymass911: ←Redirected page to Parbatya Chattagram Jana Samhati Samiti

#REDIRECT [[Parbatya Chattagram Jana Samhati Samiti]]

Talk:Awaaz Utha

2024-09-23T20:40:09Z

Vinegarymass911: added project

Moni Swapan Dewan

2024-09-23T20:08:05Z

Vinegarymass911: Added content with citation

{{Short description|Bangladeshi politician}}
{{Use Bangladeshi English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Moni Swapan Dewan
| native_name = 𑄟𑄧𑄚𑄨𑄥𑄧𑄛𑄧𑄚𑄴 𑄘𑄬𑄃𑄮𑄠𑄚𑄴
| native_name_lang = ccp
| office = [[Ministry of Chittagong Hill Tracts Affairs|Deputy Minister of Chittagong Hill Tracts Affairs]]
| primeminister = [[Khaleda Zia]]
| term_start = 10 October 2001
| term_end = 29 October 2006
| successor = [[Iftekhar Ahmed Chowdhury]]
| predecessor = Post created
| office1 = [[Member of Parliament#Bangladesh|Member of Parliament]]
| constituency1 = [[Rangamati (Jatiya Sangsad constituency)|Rangamati]]
| predecessor1 = [[Dipankar Talukdar]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.parliament.gov.bd/index.php/en/mps/members-of-parliament/former-mp-s/list-of-7th-parliament-members-bangla |title=List of 7th Parliament Members |website=Bangladesh Parliament |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140203052355/http://www.parliament.gov.bd/index.php/en/mps/members-of-parliament/former-mp-s/list-of-7th-parliament-members-bangla |archive-date=3 February 2014}}</ref>
| successor1 = [[Dipankar Talukdar]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.parliament.gov.bd/index.php/en/mps/members-of-parliament/former-mp-s/list-of-9th-parliament-members-bangla |title=List of 9th Parliament Members |website=Bangladesh Parliament |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327222845/http://www.parliament.gov.bd/index.php/en/mps/members-of-parliament/former-mp-s/list-of-9th-parliament-members-bangla |archive-date=27 March 2019}}</ref>
| party = [[Bangladesh Nationalist Party]]
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1954|05|18}}
| birth_place = [[Rangamati]], [[East Bengal]], [[Dominion of Pakistan|Pakistan]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| term_start1 = 1 October 2001
| term_end1 = 29 October 2006
| nationality = Bangladeshi
| residence = [[Rangamati]]
}}

'''Moni Swapan Dewan''' (born 18 May 1954) alias '''Major Rajesh''' is a [[Bangladesh Nationalist Party]] politician, ethnic [[Chakma people|Chakma]], and a former member of parliament from the [[Chittagong Hill Tracts]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mohsin |first=Amena |year=2003 |title=The Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bangladesh: On the Difficult Road to Peace |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V-v3hipIl_kC&pg=PA119 |publisher=Lynne Rienner Publishers |page=119 |isbn=978-1-58826-138-0}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Jamaat-e-Islami Bangladesh Makes Way to Khaleda's Cabinet |url=http://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A79035780/ITOF?u=wikipedia&sid=bookmark-ITOF&xid=e47edb72 |website=Xinhua News Agency |date=10 October 2001 |access-date=2023-03-15 |quote=Two out of six members of the minority community elected in the eighth parliament also made their way into the cabinet ... Moni swapan dewan, a buddhist from Southeastern Chittagong Hill Tracts was inducted as deputy minister}}</ref> He is also the former deputy minister for Hill Tracts Affairs.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/2538569.stm |title=Doubts over Bangladesh rebel accord |work=BBC News |access-date=2017-05-15}}</ref>

He started his career as a [[Guerrilla warfare|guerilla leader]] for the [[Shanti Bahini]], the armed wing of the [[Parbatya Chattagram Jana Samhati Samiti]].<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" />

== Career ==
Moni Swapan was a member of the [[Shanti Bahini]] during the [[Chittagong Hill Tracts conflict]] and was known as Major Rajesh.<ref name=":1" /> He is accused of committing a [[Bhushanchhara massacre|massacre]] of [[Bengalis|settler Bengalis]] in the [[Rangamati Hill District|Rangamati district]] in 1984.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Bhushanchhara genocide in Rangamati: No trial in 37yrs - City News |url=https://www.observerbd.com/news.php?id=315090 |access-date=2023-04-20 |website=The Daily Observer}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite news |title=Horror still haunts survivors |url=https://www.daily-sun.com/printversion/details/555664/Horror-still-haunts-survivors |access-date=2023-04-20 |work=Daily Sun |language=en}}</ref> Dewan denies the charges.<ref name=":0" />

Dewan was elected to parliament from Rangamati constituency as a candidate of the [[Bangladesh Nationalist Party]] beating the former member of parliament [[Dipankar Talukdar|Dipankar Talukder]] of the [[Awami League]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chakma |first=Shantimoy |date=2008-11-11 |title=BNP candidate crisis in CHT |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-62797 |access-date=2024-09-23 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Chakma |first=Shantimoy |last2=Rangamati |date=2008-12-18 |title=Rangamati may witness a triangular fight |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-67605 |access-date=2024-09-23 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref>

Dewan was appointed the deputy minister of [[Ministry of Chittagong Hill Tracts Affairs|Chittagong Hill Tracts Affairs]] in the 2001 to 2006 Bangladesh Nationalist Party government.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mohsin |first=Amena |year=2003 |title=The Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bangladesh: On the Difficult Road to Peace |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V-v3hipIl_kC&pg=PA120 |publisher=Lynne Rienner Publishers |page=120 |isbn=978-1-58826-138-0}}</ref> In 2003, he threatened to resign from the government alleging he was being ignored, there was corruption, and issues in the Chittagong Hill Tracts were not being resolved.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Liton |first=Shakhawat |date=30 September 2003 |title=Moni Swapan threatens quit |url=https://archive.thedailystar.net/2003/09/30/d3093001055.htm |access-date=2024-09-23 |website=The Daily Star}}</ref> In 2004, the government restricted the usage of ministry funds by him to 25 percent of the allocated fund.<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 June 2004 |title=Govt stops grain ration to CHT hills people |url=https://archive.thedailystar.net/2004/06/14/d40614011818.htm |access-date=2024-09-23 |website=The Daily Star}}</ref> He called for the recognition of ethnic minority in the constitution of Bangladesh in 2006.<ref name=":2">{{Cite news |url=http://bdnews24.com/politics/moni-swapan-demands-amendment-of-constitution-to-recognise-linguistic-minorities |title=Moni Swapan demands amendment of constitution to recognise linguistic minorities |work=bdnews24.com |date=27 June 2006 |access-date=2017-05-15}}</ref> He tried to introduce bus services in his constituency but failed due to opposition from the Rangamati District Auto-rickshaw Sramik Union.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A town that has no town service bus |url=https://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/cache/cached-news-details-148141.html |access-date=2024-09-23 |website=archive.thedailystar.net}}</ref> He inaugurated a solar power plant in Rangamati in 2006.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chakma |first=Shantimoy |date=2008-02-11 |title=PWD solar power plant in Rangamati of no use |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-22856 |access-date=2024-09-23 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref> As member of parliament he received a plot of land in Dhaka from [[RAJUK]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2009-06-09 |title=MPs of BNP, Jamaat got 104 plots out of 115 |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-91787 |access-date=2024-09-23 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref>

In November 2006, Dewan left the Bangladesh Nationalist Party to join the [[Liberal Democratic Party (Bangladesh)|Liberal Democratic Party]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 November 2006 |title=LDP's Moni Swapan declares candidature from Rangamati |url=https://archive.thedailystar.net/2006/11/22/d611220703101.htm |access-date=2024-09-23 |website=The Daily Star}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dewan, Moni Swapan}}
[[Category:Bangladesh Nationalist Party politicians]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:8th Jatiya Sangsad members]]
[[Category:People from Rangamati District]]
[[Category:Politicians from Chittagong Division]]
[[Category:1954 births]]

{{BangladeshNationalistParty-politician-stub}}

Ministry of Chittagong Hill Tracts Affairs

2024-09-23T19:47:13Z

Vinegarymass911: Added content with citation

{{short description|Government Ministry of Bangladesh}}
{{Infobox government agency
|agency_name = Ministry of Chittagong Hill Tracts Affairs
|nativename =[[Bengali language|Bengali]]: পার্বত্য চট্টগ্রাম বিষয়ক মন্ত্রণালয় (Pārbatya caṭṭagrāma biṣaẏaka mantraṇālaẏa)
|seal = Government Seal of Bangladesh.svg
|seal_width = 120px
|seal_caption = Government of Bangladesh Seal
|formed = 15 July 1998
|image =
|preceding2 =
|dissolved =
|superseding =
|jurisdiction = [[Government of Bangladesh]]
|headquarters = [[Bangladesh Secretariat]], [[Dhaka]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cabinet.gov.bd/site/page/55bcf4d6-dd85-45c1-94b6-bcb06e4b1b12|title=List of Ministries and Divisions|work=cabinet.gov.bd}}</ref>
|employees =
|budget =
|minister_type = Adviser
|minister1_name = [[Supradip Chakma]]
|minister2_name =
|chief1_name = Md. Moshiur Rahman
|chief1_position = [[Secretary]]
|chief2_name =
|chief2_position =
|website = [http://www.mochta.gov.bd/ mochta.gov.bd]
}}

The '''Ministry of Chittagong Hill Tracts Affairs''' ({{lang-bn|পার্বত্য চট্টগ্রাম বিষয়ক মন্ত্রণালয়}}; ''Pārbatya caṭṭagrāma biṣaẏaka mantraṇālaẏa'') is the government ministry of Bangladesh responsible for [[Chittagong Hill Tracts]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mochta.gov.bd/|title=Ministry of Chittagong Hills Tracts Affairs|work=mochta.gov.bd}}</ref> The Chittagong Hill Tracts have been inhabited by various ethnic groups and non-tribal people for ages. While the non-Bengali ethnic groups possess cultural distinctiveness, they are also an integral part of the original population. Since independence, the government of Bangladesh has been adopting and implementing various development projects for the overall development of the region. An agreement was executed on December 2, 1997 between the National Committee for Chittagong Hill Tracts and the Chittagong Hill Tracts People's Association. According to the terms of the agreement, the Ministry of Chittagong Hill Tracts Affairs was formed on July 15, 1998.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mochta.gov.bd/site/page/e26cc3a5-8f9e-427a-9cbd-9e614de0c052/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%9F%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF-|title=Ministry of Chittagong Hills Tracts Affairs (মন্ত্রণালয়ের-পটভূমি)|work=mochta.gov.bd}}</ref>

In 2004, Prime Minister [[Khaleda Zia]] restricted the amount of discretionary cash allocation Deputy [[Moni Swapan Dewan]] could spend.<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 June 2004 |title=Govt stops grain ration to CHT hills people |url=https://archive.thedailystar.net/2004/06/14/d40614011818.htm |access-date=2024-09-23 |website=The Daily Star}}</ref> The government also allocated rice, 28 thousand tons for Bengalis, 10 thousand tons 2.1 thousand tons for former rebels in the Chittagong Hill Tracts.<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 June 2004 |title=Govt stops grain ration to CHT hills people |url=https://archive.thedailystar.net/2004/06/14/d40614011818.htm |access-date=2024-09-23 |website=The Daily Star}}</ref>

==Directorates==
*[[Chittagong Hill Tracts Development Board]]
*[[Refugee Rehabilitation Task Force]]
*[[Khagrachhari Hill District Council]]
*[[Chittagong Hill Tracts Regional Council]]
*[[Bandarban Hill District Council]]
*[[Rangamati Hill District Council]]

==Ministers==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! rowspan="2"| #
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" |Portrait
! rowspan="2" style="width:18em" |Minister {{small|(Birth-Death)}}
! colspan="3" |Term of office
! rowspan="2" style="width:8em" |Political party
! rowspan="2"| Cabinet
|-
!style="width:7em"| From
!style="width:7em"| To
!style="width:7em"| Period
|-
!1
|bgcolor="{{party color|Bangladesh Awami League}}"|
|
|'''[[Kalparanjan Chakma]]''' {{small|কল্পরঞ্জন চাকমা (1922{{ndash}}2018) MP for [[Khagrachhari (Jatiya Sangsad constituency)|Khagrachhari]]}}
|1 January 1998
|15 July 2001
|'''{{ayd|1 Jan 1998|15 Jul 2001}}'''
|[[Bangladesh Awami League]]
|style="background:#4C915F"| '''[[First Hasina ministry|Hasina I]]'''
|-
!2
|bgcolor="{{party color|Independent politician}}"|
|
|{{small|Justice}} '''[[Latifur Rahman]]''' {{small|লতিফুর রহমান (1936{{ndash}}2017)}} (Chief Adviser)
|15 July 2001
|10 October 2001
|'''{{ayd|15 Jul 2001|10 Oct 2001}}'''
|[[Independent politician|Independent]]
|style="background:#DCDCDC"| '''[[Latifur Rahman ministry|Latifur]]''' {{small|(Caretaker)}}
|-
!3
|bgcolor="{{party color|Bangladesh Nationalist Party}}"|
|
|'''[[Moni Swapan Dewan]]''' {{small|মনি স্বপন দেওয়ান (born 1954) MP for [[Rangamati (Jatiya Sangsad constituency)|Rangamati]]}} (Deputy Minister)
|10 October 2001
|29 October 2006
|'''{{ayd|10 Oct 2001|29 Oct 2006}}'''
|[[Bangladesh Nationalist Party]]
|bgcolor="{{party color|Bangladesh Nationalist Party}}"| '''[[Second Khaleda ministry|Khaleda II]]'''
|-
!4
|bgcolor="{{party color|Independent politician}}"|
|
|{{small|Lieutenant General (Retd.)}} '''[[Hasan Mashhud Chowdhury]]''' {{small|লেঃ জেনারেল (অব.) হাসান মশহুদ চৌধূরী (born 1948)}} (Adviser)
|29 October 2006
|11 January 2007
|'''{{ayd|29 Oct 2006|11 Jan 2007}}'''
|[[Independent politician|Independent]]
|style="background:#DCDCDC"| '''[[Iajuddin Ahmed ministry|Iajuddin]]'''
|-
!5
|bgcolor="{{party color|Independent politician}}"|
|[[File:Iftekhar Ahmed Chowdhury in New Delhi on 31 March 2007.jpg|70px]]
|'''[[Iftekhar Ahmed Chowdhury]]''' {{small|ইফতেখার আহমেদ চৌধুরী (born 1946)}} (Adviser)
|11 January 2007
|8 January 2008
|'''{{ayd|11 Jan 2007|8 Jan 2008}}'''
|rowspan="2"| [[Independent politician|Independent]]
|rowspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC"| '''[[Fakhruddin Ahmed ministry|Fakhruddin]]'''
|-
!6
|bgcolor="{{party color|Independent politician}}"|
|[[File:Fakhruddin Ahmed - WEF Annual Meeting Davos 2008.jpg|70px]]
|'''[[Fakhruddin Ahmed]]''' {{small|ফখরুদ্দিন আহমেদ (born 1940}} (Chief Adviser)
|8 January 2008
|6 January 2009
|'''{{ayd|8 Jan 2008|6 Jan 2009}}'''
|-
!7
|bgcolor="{{party color|Bangladesh Awami League}}"|
|[[File:Dipankar Talukdar at Sangrai Festival, Apr 15, 2013 (9513065757) (cropped).jpg|70px]]
|'''[[Dipankar Talukdar]]''' {{small|দীপঙ্কর তালুকদার (born 1952) MP for [[Rangamati (Jatiya Sangsad constituency)|Rangamati]]}} (State Minister)
|6 January 2009
|24 January 2014
|'''{{ayd|6 Jan 2009|24 Jan 2014}}'''
|rowspan="4"| [[Bangladesh Awami League]]
|style="background:#4C915F"| '''[[Second Hasina ministry|Hasina II]]'''
|-
!rowspan="2"| 8
|rowspan="2" bgcolor="{{party color|Bangladesh Awami League}}"|
|rowspan="2"|
|rowspan="2"| '''[[Ushwe Sing|Bir Bahadur Ushwe Sing]]''' {{small|বীর বাহাদুর উশৈ সিং (born 1960) MP for [[Bandarban (Jatiya Sangsad constituency)|Bandarban]]}} (State Minister until 9 January 2019)
|rowspan="2"| 24 January 2014
|rowspan="2"| 9 January 2024
|rowspan="2"| '''{{ayd|24 Jan 2014|9 Jan 2024}}'''
|style="background:#4C915F"| '''[[Third Hasina ministry|Hasina III]]'''
|-
|style="background:#4C915F"| '''[[Fourth Hasina ministry|Hasina IV]]'''
|-
!9
|bgcolor="{{party color|Bangladesh Awami League}}"|
|
|'''[[Kujendra Lal Tripura]]''' {{small|কুজেন্দ্র লাল ত্রিপুরা (born 1963) MP for [[Khagrachhari (Jatiya Sangsad constituency)|Khagrachhari]]}} (State Minister)
|11 January 2024
|5 August 2024
|'''{{ayd|11 Jan 2024|5 Aug 2024}}'''
|style="background:#4C915F"| '''[[Fifth Hasina ministry|Hasina V]]'''
|-
!10
|bgcolor="{{party color|Independent politician}}"|
|[[File:SupradipChakma.jpg|94x94px]]
|'''[[Supradip Chakma]]''' {{small|সুপ্রদীপ চাকমা (born 1961)}} (Adviser)
|8 August 2024
|''Incumbent''
|'''{{ayd|8 Aug 2024}}'''
|'''[[Independent politician|Independent]]'''
|rowspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC"| '''[[Yunus interim government|Yunus]]'''
|-
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Ministries of Bangladesh}}
{{Ministry of Chittagong Hill Tracts Affairs}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Ministry of Chittagong Hill Tracts Affairs| ]]
[[Category:Government ministries of Bangladesh|Chittagong Hill Tracts Affairs]]
[[Category:Indigenous affairs ministries]]
[[Category:Chittagong Hill Tracts]]

{{Bangladesh-gov-stub}}

Bhushanchhara massacre

2024-09-23T19:28:37Z

Vinegarymass911: /* Aftermath */ link

{{Short description|Massacre of Bengali settlers}}
'''Bhushanchhara massacre''' was a massacre of Bengali settlers in Bhushanchhora union of [[Rangamati District]] of the [[Chittagong Hill Tracts]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2014-10-07 |title=Bhusanchara Genocide: 400 Bengalis killed within hour |url=https://en.parbattanews.com/bhusanchara-genocide-400-bengalis-killed-within-hour/ |access-date=2023-04-20 |website=parbattanews : English Version |language=en-US}}</ref> It was committed by the [[Shanti Bahini]], the armed wing of the [[Parbatya Chattagram Jana Samhati Samiti]] on 31st of May, 1984.<ref name=":1" />

== Background ==
On May 31 1984, the [[Bengalis]] living in Bhushanchhara union of [[Barkal Upazila]] of [[Rangamati Hill District|Rangamati]] were targeted.

According to claims made by locals and security sources, an armed group of 125 of [[Shanti Bahini]] personnel headed [[Moni Swapan Dewan]] alias Major Rajesh surrounded the entire village late at night. In just four hours from 4 am to 8 am, they killed 400 ethnic Bengalis, including women and children.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |title=Bhushanchhara genocide in Rangamati: No trial in 37yrs - City News |url=https://www.observerbd.com/news.php?id=315090 |access-date=2023-04-20 |work=The Daily Observer}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite news |title=Horror still haunts survivors |url=https://www.daily-sun.com/printversion/details/555664/Horror-still-haunts-survivors |access-date=2023-04-20 |work=Daily Sun |language=en}}</ref>

== Aftermath ==
No case of the incident was registered with the police.<ref name=":0" /> Victims of the massacre allege that reports of the massacre were covered up, and no reports of the incident was published in local and foreign media.<ref name=":0" />

[[Moni Swapan Dewan|Moni Swapan]], the alleged chief perpetrator, later became a [[Member of Parliament (Bangladesh)|member of parliament]] and [[Ministry of Chittagong Hill Tracts Affairs|deputy minister for Chittagong Hill Tracts Affairs]].<ref name=":0" />

As of 2023, the killing has not gone to trial and victims were yet to be compensated.<ref name=":2" />

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{coord missing|Bangladesh}}

[[Category:Massacres in 1984]]
[[Category:1984 in Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Massacres in Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Racism in Bangladesh]]

Talk:Operation Dabanal

2024-09-23T17:31:43Z

Vinegarymass911: added project

Operation Dabanal

2024-09-23T17:30:38Z

Vinegarymass911: Added content with citation

{{Short description|Operation by Bangladesh Army}}
{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = Operation Dabanal
| partof = Chittagong Hill Tracts conflict
| date = 1977 to 1997
| place = Bangladesh
| coordinates =
| map_type = Chittagong Hill Tracts
| map_relief =
| map_size =
| map_marksize =
| map_caption =
| map_label =
| territory = Chittagong Hill Tracts
| image = Chittagong Hill Tracts locator map.svg
}}

'''Operation Dabanal''', translation '''Operation Wildfire''', was a counterinsurgency operation carried out by [[Bangladesh Army]] in the [[Chittagong Hill Tracts]] from 1977 to 1997.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hossain |first=M. A. |date=2024-04-23 |title=Fighting the Kuki-Chin Armed Movement |url=https://www.pakistantoday.com.pk/2024/04/24/fighting-the-kuki-chin-armed-movement/ |access-date=2024-09-23 |website=Pakistan Today |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Ghanea-Hercock |first=Nazila |url=https://www.google.ca/books/edition/Minorities_Peoples_and_Self_Determinatio/NIRSEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Operation+Dabanal&pg=PA123&printsec=frontcover |title=Minorities, Peoples and Self-Determination: Essays in Honour of Patrick Thornberry |last2=Xanthaki |first2=Alexandra |date=2005-05-01 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-474-0711-9 |pages=123 |language=en}}</ref> During the operation an estimated 30 to 80 security personnel were deployed to the region.<ref name=":0" />

==Background==
[[Chittagong Hill Tracts]] are the only hilly region of Bangladesh.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Chowdhury |first=Sifatul Quader |date=17 June 2021 |title=Chittagong Hill Tracts |url=https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Chittagong_Hill_Tracts |access-date=2024-09-23 |website=[[Banglapedia]] |language=en}}</ref> This region had changed hands many times.<ref name=":2" /> The [[Kingdom of Arakan]] took it over in 953, [[Kingdom of Tripura]] in 1240, and reconquered by Arakan in 1575 who lost it 1666.<ref name=":2" /> It remained a contested territory between the two Kingdoms.<ref name=":2" /> From 1666 to 1760 it was ruled by the Mughal Empire who ceded it the British [[East India Company]].<ref name=":2" /> In 1860, the region was taken over by the [[British Raj]] and made part of [[British India]].<ref name=":2" /> It was the British who named the region Chittagong Hill Tracts as they saw it as an extension of [[Chittagong District]] and placed it under the [[Province of Bengal]].<ref name=":2" /> The land south was called [[Arakan Hill Tracts]] and the land north was called [[Hill Tippera]].<ref name=":2" /> Chittagong Hill Tracts Regulation created a tax collection system in 1900.<ref name=":2" />
[[File:Guerrilla_Leader_Santu_Larmars_Hide-out-_Duduk_Chora-_Khagrachiri-_May_5-_1994-_Biplob_Rahman.jpg|left|thumb|Shanti Bahini insurgents, 1994.]]
After the Partition of India, the Chittagong Hill Tracts became part of Pakistan.<ref name=":2" /> It became part of Bangladesh after the [[Independence of Bangladesh]].<ref name=":2" /> Unlike the rest of Bangladesh it was neither Bengali nor Muslim majority.<ref name=":2" /> Most of the inhabitants followed Buddhism followed by Hinduism.<ref name=":2" /> In the 1980s, the government of Bangladesh divided it into three districts, [[Bandarban District]], [[Khagrachhari District|Khagrachari District]], and [[Rangamati District]].<ref name=":2" /> In 1989, the government of then-president [[Hossain Mohammad Ershad]] passed the District Council Act created three tiers of local government councils to devolve powers and responsibilities to the representatives of the native peoples, but the councils were rejected and opposed by the PCJSS.<ref name="CV">{{cite book |last=Mohsin |first=Amena |title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh |publisher=[[Asiatic Society of Bangladesh]] |year=2012 |editor1-last=Islam |editor1-first=Sirajul |editor1-link=Sirajul Islam |edition=Second |chapter=Chittagong Hill Tracts Peace Accord, 1997 |editor2-last=Jamal |editor2-first=Ahmed A. |chapter-url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Chittagong_Hill_Tracts_Peace_Accord,_1997 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907014909/http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Chittagong_Hill_Tracts_Peace_Accord,_1997 |archive-date=7 September 2024}}</ref>

Over 100 thousand tribal people were made refugees by the construction of the [[Kaptai Dam]], which also flooded 40 percent of agricultural land, and many were not compensated. Some of them fled to Arunachal Pradesh.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Mohsin |first=Amena |date=18 September 2021 |title=Chittagong Hill Tracts Peace Accord, 1997 |url=https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php/Chittagong_Hill_Tracts_Peace_Accord,_1997 |access-date=2024-09-23 |website=[[Banglapedia]]}}</ref>

==Operation==
[[Manabendra Narayan Larma]], member of the [[East Pakistan Provincial Assembly]] in 1970,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kader |first=Rozina |date=17 June 2021 |title=Larma, Manabendra Narayan |url=https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Larma,_Manabendra_Narayan |access-date=2024-09-23 |website=[[Banglapedia]]}}</ref> formed the Parbatya Chattagram Jana Samhati Samiti in March 1973 after [[Sheikh Mujibur Rahman]] did not listen to his plea to provide autonomy to the hill tracts in the constitution of Bangladesh.<ref name=":3" /> He also created an armed wing called [[Shanti Bahini]].<ref name=":3" /> After the [[assassination of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman]], Manabendra Narayan Larm fled to India.<ref name=":3" /> In 1977, the Shanti Bahini attacked a convoy of Bangladesh Army which started the [[Chittagong Hill Tracts conflict|Chittagong Hill Tracts Conflict]].<ref name=":3" />

In the 1980s, President Hussain Mohmmad Ershad continued with Operation Dabanal.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Militarization in the Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bangladesh |url=https://www.iwgia.org/images/publications/0577_Igia_report_14_optimized.pdf |access-date=23 September 2024 |website=[[International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs]] |page=10}}</ref> The region was placed under military rule in 1982.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2004-06-14 |title=Chittagong Hill Tracts: Action Alert calling for defending Democracy, Human Rights and Peace in the - |url=https://unpo.org/chittagong-hill-tracts-action-alert-calling-for-defending-democracy-human-rights-and-peace-in-the/ |access-date=2024-09-23 |language=en-GB}}</ref>

[[G. M. Mushfiqur Rahman]], a lieutenant in the Bangladesh Army posted in 1 Field Artillery Regiment of Bangladesh Army in [[Chittagong Hill Tracts]]. On 8 September 1989, he led a 17-member team of Bangladesh Army soldiers and attacked a Shanti Bahini camp. Lieutenant Rahman was injured during the clash and died on that day at 8:15 am. He was posthumously awarded with the [[Bir Uttom]] award.<ref>Major General (Retired) Syed Muhammad Ibrahim " Chittagong Hill Tract Peace Process and Situation Analysis (Bengali Book)</ref>
[[File:Dabanal_Padak.png|thumb|Dabanal Padak]]
In response Bangladesh Army started building up its defense facilities and the Chittagong Hill Tracts were placed under the General Officer Commanding of the [[24th Infantry Division (Bangladesh)|24th Infantry Division of Bangladesh Army]].<ref name=":3" /> General [[Ziaur Rahman]], later president, launched Operation Dabanal as part of that militarization of the region.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ahmad |first=Mohiuddin |url=https://www.google.ca/books/edition/Breaking_the_Barrier/W2QuAQAAIAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=Operation+Dabanal&dq=Operation+Dabanal&printsec=frontcover |title=Breaking the Barrier: Inter-Asia Reader on Democratization and Social Movements |date=2008 |publisher=Democracy and Social Movements Institute, SungKongHoe University |isbn=978-984-770-013-7 |pages=309 |language=en}}</ref> Bangladesh Army would state the operation was to protect the civilians and the administration in the Hill Tracts.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Alam |first=S. M. Shamsul |url=https://www.google.ca/books/edition/Governmentality_and_Counter_Hegemony_in/A5ykCgAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22Operation+Dabanal%22&pg=PT250&printsec=frontcover |title=Governmentality and Counter-Hegemony in Bangladesh |date=2016-04-29 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-1-137-52603-8 |language=en}}</ref> In 1979, the government of Bangladesh began a policy of settling ethnic Bengalis in the Chittagong Hill Tracts and thereby changing the demographic of the region.<ref name=":3" />

=== Peace Treaty ===
The Awami League government, under Prime Minister [[Sheikh Hasina]] came to power in 1996 with an election manifesto promising to end the conflict.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Majumder |first=Shantanu |date=17 June 2021 |title=Parbatya Chattagram Jana-Samhati Samiti |url=https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Parbatya_Chattagram_Jana-Samhati_Samiti |access-date=2024-09-23 |website=[[Banglapedia]]}}</ref> It created the National Committee on Chittagong Hill Tracts Affairs which had 11 members.<ref name=":4" /> In 1997, the government of Bangladesh signed the Chittagong Hill Tracts Peace Accord with [[Parbatya Chattagram Jana Samhati Samiti]] bring an end to the [[Chittagong Hill Tracts Conflict]] and Operation Dabanal.<ref name=":3" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Genocide & Ethnicide in CHT |url=https://www.pcjss.org/genocide-ethnicide-in-cht/ |access-date=2024-09-23 |website=Parbatya Chattagram Jana Samhati Samiti |language=en-US}}</ref> The Shanti Bahini was abolished after the peace treaty was signed.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kader |first=Rozina |date=17 June 2021 |title=Shanti Bahini |url=https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Shanti_Bahini |access-date=2024-09-23 |website=[[Banglapedia]]}}</ref> Parbatya Chattagram Jana Samhati Samiti became a political party.<ref name=":4" />

==Aftermath==

The Army launched [[Operation Uttoran]] to replace Operation Dabanal on 1 September 2001.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Militarisation in CHT |url=https://www.pcjss.org/militarisation-in-cht/ |access-date=2024-09-23 |website=Parbatya Chattagram Jana Samhati Samiti |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=10 innocent Jumma villagers tortured by Army personnel in Rangamati – South Asian Rights |url=https://southasianrights.org/10-innocent-jumma-villagers-tortured-by-army-personnel-in-rangamati/ |access-date=2024-09-23 |language=en-US}}</ref> Under Operation Uttoran, Bangladesh Army received 10 thousand ton of rice which they used to develop settler villages in the Chittagong Hill Tracts.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-07-24 |title=How Sheikh Hasina betrayed the indigenous people of Chittagong Hill Tracts |url=https://hindupost.in/world/how-sheikh-hasina-betrayed-the-indigenous-people-of-chittagong-hill-tracts/# |access-date=2024-09-23 |website=hindupost.in |language=en-US}}</ref> Under this operation the military of Bangladesh continues to dominate the region, its civil administration, and resources.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cordillera Peoples Alliance |url=https://cpaphils.org/campaigns/CPA%20Statement_UNPFII_HR_16May2012.html |access-date=2024-09-23 |website=cpaphils.org}}</ref>

Dabanal Padak is the service medal for participating in this [[Chittagong Hill Tracts conflict|campaign]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Bangladesh Army |title=Medal Gallery of Bangladesh Army |url=https://www.army.mil.bd/Medal-Gallery}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=ODM of Bangladesh: Hill Tracts Campaign Medal |url=https://www.medals.org.uk/bangladesh/bangladesh010.htm |access-date=2022-12-18 |website=www.medals.org.uk}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Operation Dabanal}}
[[Category:Military history of Bangladesh]]
[[Category:History of Bangladesh (1971–present)]]
[[Category:20th century in Bangladesh]]

Operation Dabanal

2024-09-23T17:27:19Z

Vinegarymass911: Added content with citation

{{Short description|Operation by Bangladesh Army}}
{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = Operation Dabanal
| partof = Chittagong Hill Tracts conflict
| date = 1977 to 1997
| place = Bangladesh
| coordinates =
| map_type = Chittagong Hill Tracts
| map_relief =
| map_size =
| map_marksize =
| map_caption =
| map_label =
| territory = Chittagong Hill Tracts
| image = Chittagong Hill Tracts locator map.svg
}}

'''Operation Dabanal''', translation '''Operation Wildfire''', was a counterinsurgency operation carried out by [[Bangladesh Army]] in the [[Chittagong Hill Tracts]] from 1977 to 1997.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hossain |first=M. A. |date=2024-04-23 |title=Fighting the Kuki-Chin Armed Movement |url=https://www.pakistantoday.com.pk/2024/04/24/fighting-the-kuki-chin-armed-movement/ |access-date=2024-09-23 |website=Pakistan Today |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Ghanea-Hercock |first=Nazila |url=https://www.google.ca/books/edition/Minorities_Peoples_and_Self_Determinatio/NIRSEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Operation+Dabanal&pg=PA123&printsec=frontcover |title=Minorities, Peoples and Self-Determination: Essays in Honour of Patrick Thornberry |last2=Xanthaki |first2=Alexandra |date=2005-05-01 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-474-0711-9 |pages=123 |language=en}}</ref> During the operation an estimated 30 to 80 security personnel were deployed to the region.<ref name=":0" />

==Background==
[[Chittagong Hill Tracts]] are the only hilly region of Bangladesh.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Chowdhury |first=Sifatul Quader |date=17 June 2021 |title=Chittagong Hill Tracts |url=https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Chittagong_Hill_Tracts |access-date=2024-09-23 |website=[[Banglapedia]] |language=en}}</ref> This region had changed hands many times.<ref name=":2" /> The [[Kingdom of Arakan]] took it over in 953, [[Kingdom of Tripura]] in 1240, and reconquered by Arakan in 1575 who lost it 1666.<ref name=":2" /> It remained a contested territory between the two Kingdoms.<ref name=":2" /> From 1666 to 1760 it was ruled by the Mughal Empire who ceded it the British [[East India Company]].<ref name=":2" /> In 1860, the region was taken over by the [[British Raj]] and made part of [[British India]].<ref name=":2" /> It was the British who named the region Chittagong Hill Tracts as they saw it as an extension of [[Chittagong District]] and placed it under the [[Province of Bengal]].<ref name=":2" /> The land south was called [[Arakan Hill Tracts]] and the land north was called [[Hill Tippera]].<ref name=":2" /> Chittagong Hill Tracts Regulation created a tax collection system in 1900.<ref name=":2" />
[[File:Guerrilla_Leader_Santu_Larmars_Hide-out-_Duduk_Chora-_Khagrachiri-_May_5-_1994-_Biplob_Rahman.jpg|left|thumb|Shanti Bahini insurgents, 1994.]]
After the Partition of India, the Chittagong Hill Tracts became part of Pakistan.<ref name=":2" /> It became part of Bangladesh after the [[Independence of Bangladesh]].<ref name=":2" /> Unlike the rest of Bangladesh it was neither Bengali nor Muslim majority.<ref name=":2" /> Most of the inhabitants followed Buddhism followed by Hinduism.<ref name=":2" /> In the 1980s, the government of Bangladesh divided it into three districts, [[Bandarban District]], [[Khagrachhari District|Khagrachari District]], and [[Rangamati District]].<ref name=":2" /> In 1989, the government of then-president [[Hossain Mohammad Ershad]] passed the District Council Act created three tiers of local government councils to devolve powers and responsibilities to the representatives of the native peoples, but the councils were rejected and opposed by the PCJSS.<ref name="CV">{{cite book |last=Mohsin |first=Amena |title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh |publisher=[[Asiatic Society of Bangladesh]] |year=2012 |editor1-last=Islam |editor1-first=Sirajul |editor1-link=Sirajul Islam |edition=Second |chapter=Chittagong Hill Tracts Peace Accord, 1997 |editor2-last=Jamal |editor2-first=Ahmed A. |chapter-url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Chittagong_Hill_Tracts_Peace_Accord,_1997 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907014909/http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Chittagong_Hill_Tracts_Peace_Accord,_1997 |archive-date=7 September 2024}}</ref>

Over 100 thousand tribal people were made refugees by the construction of the [[Kaptai Dam]], which also flooded 40 percent of agricultural land, and many were not compensated. Some of them fled to Arunachal Pradesh.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Mohsin |first=Amena |date=18 September 2021 |title=Chittagong Hill Tracts Peace Accord, 1997 |url=https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php/Chittagong_Hill_Tracts_Peace_Accord,_1997 |access-date=2024-09-23 |website=[[Banglapedia]]}}</ref>

==Operation==
[[Manabendra Narayan Larma]], member of the [[East Pakistan Provincial Assembly]] in 1970,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kader |first=Rozina |date=17 June 2021 |title=Larma, Manabendra Narayan |url=https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Larma,_Manabendra_Narayan |access-date=2024-09-23 |website=[[Banglapedia]]}}</ref> formed the Parbatya Chattagram Jana Samhati Samiti in March 1973 after [[Sheikh Mujibur Rahman]] did not listen to his plea to provide autonomy to the hill tracts in the constitution of Bangladesh.<ref name=":3" /> He also created an armed wing called [[Shanti Bahini]].<ref name=":3" /> After the [[assassination of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman]], Manabendra Narayan Larm fled to India.<ref name=":3" /> In 1977, the Shanti Bahini attacked a convoy of Bangladesh Army which started the [[Chittagong Hill Tracts conflict|Chittagong Hill Tracts Conflict]].<ref name=":3" />

In the 1980s, President Hussain Mohmmad Ershad continued with Operation Dabanal.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Militarization in the Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bangladesh |url=https://www.iwgia.org/images/publications/0577_Igia_report_14_optimized.pdf |access-date=23 September 2024 |website=[[International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs]] |page=10}}</ref>

[[G. M. Mushfiqur Rahman]], a lieutenant in the Bangladesh Army posted in 1 Field Artillery Regiment of Bangladesh Army in [[Chittagong Hill Tracts]]. On 8 September 1989, he led a 17-member team of Bangladesh Army soldiers and attacked a Shanti Bahini camp. Lieutenant Rahman was injured during the clash and died on that day at 8:15 am. He was posthumously awarded with the [[Bir Uttom]] award.<ref>Major General (Retired) Syed Muhammad Ibrahim " Chittagong Hill Tract Peace Process and Situation Analysis (Bengali Book)</ref>
[[File:Dabanal_Padak.png|thumb|Dabanal Padak]]
In response Bangladesh Army started building up its defense facilities and the Chittagong Hill Tracts were placed under the General Officer Commanding of the [[24th Infantry Division (Bangladesh)|24th Infantry Division of Bangladesh Army]].<ref name=":3" /> General [[Ziaur Rahman]], later president, launched Operation Dabanal as part of that militarization of the region.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ahmad |first=Mohiuddin |url=https://www.google.ca/books/edition/Breaking_the_Barrier/W2QuAQAAIAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=Operation+Dabanal&dq=Operation+Dabanal&printsec=frontcover |title=Breaking the Barrier: Inter-Asia Reader on Democratization and Social Movements |date=2008 |publisher=Democracy and Social Movements Institute, SungKongHoe University |isbn=978-984-770-013-7 |pages=309 |language=en}}</ref> Bangladesh Army would state the operation was to protect the civilians and the administration in the Hill Tracts.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Alam |first=S. M. Shamsul |url=https://www.google.ca/books/edition/Governmentality_and_Counter_Hegemony_in/A5ykCgAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22Operation+Dabanal%22&pg=PT250&printsec=frontcover |title=Governmentality and Counter-Hegemony in Bangladesh |date=2016-04-29 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-1-137-52603-8 |language=en}}</ref> In 1979, the government of Bangladesh began a policy of settling ethnic Bengalis in the Chittagong Hill Tracts and thereby changing the demographic of the region.<ref name=":3" />

=== Peace Treaty ===
The Awami League government, under Prime Minister [[Sheikh Hasina]] came to power in 1996 with an election manifesto promising to end the conflict.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Majumder |first=Shantanu |date=17 June 2021 |title=Parbatya Chattagram Jana-Samhati Samiti |url=https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Parbatya_Chattagram_Jana-Samhati_Samiti |access-date=2024-09-23 |website=[[Banglapedia]]}}</ref> It created the National Committee on Chittagong Hill Tracts Affairs which had 11 members.<ref name=":4" /> In 1997, the government of Bangladesh signed the Chittagong Hill Tracts Peace Accord with [[Parbatya Chattagram Jana Samhati Samiti]] bring an end to the [[Chittagong Hill Tracts Conflict]] and Operation Dabanal.<ref name=":3" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Genocide & Ethnicide in CHT |url=https://www.pcjss.org/genocide-ethnicide-in-cht/ |access-date=2024-09-23 |website=Parbatya Chattagram Jana Samhati Samiti |language=en-US}}</ref> The Shanti Bahini was abolished after the peace treaty was signed.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kader |first=Rozina |date=17 June 2021 |title=Shanti Bahini |url=https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Shanti_Bahini |access-date=2024-09-23 |website=[[Banglapedia]]}}</ref> Parbatya Chattagram Jana Samhati Samiti became a political party.<ref name=":4" />

==Aftermath==

The Army launched [[Operation Uttoran]] to replace Operation Dabanal on 1 September 2001.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Militarisation in CHT |url=https://www.pcjss.org/militarisation-in-cht/ |access-date=2024-09-23 |website=Parbatya Chattagram Jana Samhati Samiti |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=10 innocent Jumma villagers tortured by Army personnel in Rangamati – South Asian Rights |url=https://southasianrights.org/10-innocent-jumma-villagers-tortured-by-army-personnel-in-rangamati/ |access-date=2024-09-23 |language=en-US}}</ref> Under Operation Uttoran, Bangladesh Army received 10 thousand ton of rice which they used to develop settler villages in the Chittagong Hill Tracts.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-07-24 |title=How Sheikh Hasina betrayed the indigenous people of Chittagong Hill Tracts |url=https://hindupost.in/world/how-sheikh-hasina-betrayed-the-indigenous-people-of-chittagong-hill-tracts/# |access-date=2024-09-23 |website=hindupost.in |language=en-US}}</ref> Under this operation the military of Bangladesh continues to dominate the region, its civil administration, and resources.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cordillera Peoples Alliance |url=https://cpaphils.org/campaigns/CPA%20Statement_UNPFII_HR_16May2012.html |access-date=2024-09-23 |website=cpaphils.org}}</ref>

Dabanal Padak is the service medal for participating in this [[Chittagong Hill Tracts conflict|campaign]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Bangladesh Army |title=Medal Gallery of Bangladesh Army |url=https://www.army.mil.bd/Medal-Gallery}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=ODM of Bangladesh: Hill Tracts Campaign Medal |url=https://www.medals.org.uk/bangladesh/bangladesh010.htm |access-date=2022-12-18 |website=www.medals.org.uk}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Operation Dabanal}}
[[Category:Military history of Bangladesh]]
[[Category:History of Bangladesh (1971–present)]]
[[Category:20th century in Bangladesh]]

Operation Dabanal

2024-09-23T17:18:17Z

Vinegarymass911: Added content with citation from Chittagong Hill Tracts conflict

{{Short description|Operation by Bangladesh Army}}
{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = Operation Dabanal
| partof = Chittagong Hill Tracts conflict
| date = 1977 to 1997
| place = Bangladesh
| coordinates =
| map_type = Chittagong Hill Tracts
| map_relief =
| map_size =
| map_marksize =
| map_caption =
| map_label =
| territory = Chittagong Hill Tracts
| image = Chittagong Hill Tracts locator map.svg
}}

'''Operation Dabanal''', translation '''Operation Wildfire''', was a counterinsurgency operation carried out by [[Bangladesh Army]] in the [[Chittagong Hill Tracts]] from 1977 to 1997.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hossain |first=M. A. |date=2024-04-23 |title=Fighting the Kuki-Chin Armed Movement |url=https://www.pakistantoday.com.pk/2024/04/24/fighting-the-kuki-chin-armed-movement/ |access-date=2024-09-23 |website=Pakistan Today |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Ghanea-Hercock |first=Nazila |url=https://www.google.ca/books/edition/Minorities_Peoples_and_Self_Determinatio/NIRSEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Operation+Dabanal&pg=PA123&printsec=frontcover |title=Minorities, Peoples and Self-Determination: Essays in Honour of Patrick Thornberry |last2=Xanthaki |first2=Alexandra |date=2005-05-01 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-474-0711-9 |pages=123 |language=en}}</ref> During the operation an estimated 30 to 80 security personnel were deployed to the region.<ref name=":0" />

==Background==
[[Chittagong Hill Tracts]] are the only hilly region of Bangladesh.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Chowdhury |first=Sifatul Quader |date=17 June 2021 |title=Chittagong Hill Tracts |url=https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Chittagong_Hill_Tracts |access-date=2024-09-23 |website=[[Banglapedia]] |language=en}}</ref> This region had changed hands many times.<ref name=":2" /> The [[Kingdom of Arakan]] took it over in 953, [[Kingdom of Tripura]] in 1240, and reconquered by Arakan in 1575 who lost it 1666.<ref name=":2" /> It remained a contested territory between the two Kingdoms.<ref name=":2" /> From 1666 to 1760 it was ruled by the Mughal Empire who ceded it the British [[East India Company]].<ref name=":2" /> In 1860, the region was taken over by the [[British Raj]] and made part of [[British India]].<ref name=":2" /> It was the British who named the region Chittagong Hill Tracts as they saw it as an extension of [[Chittagong District]] and placed it under the [[Province of Bengal]].<ref name=":2" /> The land south was called [[Arakan Hill Tracts]] and the land north was called [[Hill Tippera]].<ref name=":2" /> Chittagong Hill Tracts Regulation created a tax collection system in 1900.<ref name=":2" />
[[File:Guerrilla_Leader_Santu_Larmars_Hide-out-_Duduk_Chora-_Khagrachiri-_May_5-_1994-_Biplob_Rahman.jpg|left|thumb|Shanti Bahini insurgents, 1994.]]
After the Partition of India, the Chittagong Hill Tracts became part of Pakistan.<ref name=":2" /> It became part of Bangladesh after the [[Independence of Bangladesh]].<ref name=":2" /> Unlike the rest of Bangladesh it was neither Bengali nor Muslim majority.<ref name=":2" /> Most of the inhabitants followed Buddhism followed by Hinduism.<ref name=":2" /> In the 1980s, the government of Bangladesh divided it into three districts, [[Bandarban District]], [[Khagrachhari District|Khagrachari District]], and [[Rangamati District]].<ref name=":2" /> In 1989, the government of then-president [[Hossain Mohammad Ershad]] passed the District Council Act created three tiers of local government councils to devolve powers and responsibilities to the representatives of the native peoples, but the councils were rejected and opposed by the PCJSS.<ref name="CV">{{cite book |last=Mohsin |first=Amena |title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh |publisher=[[Asiatic Society of Bangladesh]] |year=2012 |editor1-last=Islam |editor1-first=Sirajul |editor1-link=Sirajul Islam |edition=Second |chapter=Chittagong Hill Tracts Peace Accord, 1997 |editor2-last=Jamal |editor2-first=Ahmed A. |chapter-url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Chittagong_Hill_Tracts_Peace_Accord,_1997 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907014909/http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Chittagong_Hill_Tracts_Peace_Accord,_1997 |archive-date=7 September 2024}}</ref>

Over 100 thousand tribal people were made refugees by the construction of the [[Kaptai Dam]], which also flooded 40 percent of agricultural land, and many were not compensated. Some of them fled to Arunachal Pradesh.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Mohsin |first=Amena |date=18 September 2021 |title=Chittagong Hill Tracts Peace Accord, 1997 |url=https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php/Chittagong_Hill_Tracts_Peace_Accord,_1997 |access-date=2024-09-23 |website=[[Banglapedia]]}}</ref>

==Operation==
[[Manabendra Narayan Larma]], member of the [[East Pakistan Provincial Assembly]] in 1970,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kader |first=Rozina |date=17 June 2021 |title=Larma, Manabendra Narayan |url=https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Larma,_Manabendra_Narayan |access-date=2024-09-23 |website=[[Banglapedia]]}}</ref> formed the Parbatya Chattagram Jana Samhati Samiti in March 1973 after [[Sheikh Mujibur Rahman]] did not listen to his plea to provide autonomy to the hill tracts in the constitution of Bangladesh.<ref name=":3" /> He also created an armed wing called [[Shanti Bahini]].<ref name=":3" /> After the [[assassination of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman]], Manabendra Narayan Larm fled to India.<ref name=":3" /> In 1977, the Shanti Bahini attacked a convoy of Bangladesh Army which started the [[Chittagong Hill Tracts conflict|Chittagong Hill Tracts Conflict]].<ref name=":3" />

[[G. M. Mushfiqur Rahman]], a lieutenant in the Bangladesh Army posted in 1 Field Artillery Regiment of Bangladesh Army in [[Chittagong Hill Tracts]]. On 8 September 1989, he led a 17-member team of Bangladesh Army soldiers and attacked a Shanti Bahini camp. Lieutenant Rahman was injured during the clash and died on that day at 8:15 am. He was posthumously awarded with the [[Bir Uttom]] award.<ref>Major General (Retired) Syed Muhammad Ibrahim " Chittagong Hill Tract Peace Process and Situation Analysis (Bengali Book)</ref>
[[File:Dabanal_Padak.png|thumb|Dabanal Padak]]
In response Bangladesh Army started building up its defense facilities and the Chittagong Hill Tracts were placed under the General Officer Commanding of the [[24th Infantry Division (Bangladesh)|24th Infantry Division of Bangladesh Army]].<ref name=":3" /> General [[Ziaur Rahman]], later president, launched Operation Dabanal as part of that militarization of the region.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ahmad |first=Mohiuddin |url=https://www.google.ca/books/edition/Breaking_the_Barrier/W2QuAQAAIAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=Operation+Dabanal&dq=Operation+Dabanal&printsec=frontcover |title=Breaking the Barrier: Inter-Asia Reader on Democratization and Social Movements |date=2008 |publisher=Democracy and Social Movements Institute, SungKongHoe University |isbn=978-984-770-013-7 |pages=309 |language=en}}</ref> Bangladesh Army would state the operation was to protect the civilians and the administration in the Hill Tracts.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Alam |first=S. M. Shamsul |url=https://www.google.ca/books/edition/Governmentality_and_Counter_Hegemony_in/A5ykCgAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22Operation+Dabanal%22&pg=PT250&printsec=frontcover |title=Governmentality and Counter-Hegemony in Bangladesh |date=2016-04-29 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-1-137-52603-8 |language=en}}</ref> In 1979, the government of Bangladesh began a policy of settling ethnic Bengalis in the Chittagong Hill Tracts and thereby changing the demographic of the region.<ref name=":3" />

=== Peace Treaty ===
The Awami League government, under Prime Minister [[Sheikh Hasina]] came to power in 1996 with an election manifesto promising to end the conflict.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Majumder |first=Shantanu |date=17 June 2021 |title=Parbatya Chattagram Jana-Samhati Samiti |url=https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Parbatya_Chattagram_Jana-Samhati_Samiti |access-date=2024-09-23 |website=[[Banglapedia]]}}</ref> It created the National Committee on Chittagong Hill Tracts Affairs which had 11 members.<ref name=":4" /> In 1997, the government of Bangladesh signed the Chittagong Hill Tracts Peace Accord with [[Parbatya Chattagram Jana Samhati Samiti]] bring an end to the [[Chittagong Hill Tracts Conflict]] and Operation Dabanal.<ref name=":3" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Genocide & Ethnicide in CHT |url=https://www.pcjss.org/genocide-ethnicide-in-cht/ |access-date=2024-09-23 |website=Parbatya Chattagram Jana Samhati Samiti |language=en-US}}</ref> The Shanti Bahini was abolished after the peace treaty was signed.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kader |first=Rozina |date=17 June 2021 |title=Shanti Bahini |url=https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Shanti_Bahini |access-date=2024-09-23 |website=[[Banglapedia]]}}</ref> Parbatya Chattagram Jana Samhati Samiti became a political party.<ref name=":4" />

==Aftermath==

The Army launched [[Operation Uttoran]] to replace Operation Dabanal on 1 September 2001.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Militarisation in CHT |url=https://www.pcjss.org/militarisation-in-cht/ |access-date=2024-09-23 |website=Parbatya Chattagram Jana Samhati Samiti |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=10 innocent Jumma villagers tortured by Army personnel in Rangamati – South Asian Rights |url=https://southasianrights.org/10-innocent-jumma-villagers-tortured-by-army-personnel-in-rangamati/ |access-date=2024-09-23 |language=en-US}}</ref> Under Operation Uttoran, Bangladesh Army received 10 thousand ton of rice which they used to develop settler villages in the Chittagong Hill Tracts.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-07-24 |title=How Sheikh Hasina betrayed the indigenous people of Chittagong Hill Tracts |url=https://hindupost.in/world/how-sheikh-hasina-betrayed-the-indigenous-people-of-chittagong-hill-tracts/# |access-date=2024-09-23 |website=hindupost.in |language=en-US}}</ref>

Dabanal Padak is the service medal for participating in this [[Chittagong Hill Tracts conflict|campaign]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Bangladesh Army |title=Medal Gallery of Bangladesh Army |url=https://www.army.mil.bd/Medal-Gallery}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=ODM of Bangladesh: Hill Tracts Campaign Medal |url=https://www.medals.org.uk/bangladesh/bangladesh010.htm |access-date=2022-12-18 |website=www.medals.org.uk}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Operation Dabanal}}
[[Category:Military history of Bangladesh]]
[[Category:History of Bangladesh (1971–present)]]
[[Category:20th century in Bangladesh]]

Operation Dabanal

2024-09-23T17:16:50Z

Vinegarymass911: Created page

{{Short description|Operation by Bangladesh Army}}
{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict = Operation Dabanal
| partof = Chittagong Hill Tracts conflict
| date = 1977 to 1997
| place = Bangladesh
| coordinates =
| map_type = Chittagong Hill Tracts
| map_relief =
| map_size =
| map_marksize =
| map_caption =
| map_label =
| territory = Chittagong Hill Tracts
| image = Chittagong Hill Tracts locator map.svg
}}

'''Operation Dabanal''', translation '''Operation Wildfire''', was a counterinsurgency operation carried out by [[Bangladesh Army]] in the [[Chittagong Hill Tracts]] from 1977 to 1997.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hossain |first=M. A. |date=2024-04-23 |title=Fighting the Kuki-Chin Armed Movement |url=https://www.pakistantoday.com.pk/2024/04/24/fighting-the-kuki-chin-armed-movement/ |access-date=2024-09-23 |website=Pakistan Today |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Ghanea-Hercock |first=Nazila |url=https://www.google.ca/books/edition/Minorities_Peoples_and_Self_Determinatio/NIRSEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Operation+Dabanal&pg=PA123&printsec=frontcover |title=Minorities, Peoples and Self-Determination: Essays in Honour of Patrick Thornberry |last2=Xanthaki |first2=Alexandra |date=2005-05-01 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-474-0711-9 |pages=123 |language=en}}</ref> During the operation an estimated 30 to 80 security personnel were deployed to the region.<ref name=":0" />

==Background==
[[Chittagong Hill Tracts]] are the only hilly region of Bangladesh.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Chowdhury |first=Sifatul Quader |date=17 June 2021 |title=Chittagong Hill Tracts |url=https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Chittagong_Hill_Tracts |access-date=2024-09-23 |website=[[Banglapedia]] |language=en}}</ref> This region had changed hands many times.<ref name=":2" /> The [[Kingdom of Arakan]] took it over in 953, [[Kingdom of Tripura]] in 1240, and reconquered by Arakan in 1575 who lost it 1666.<ref name=":2" /> It remained a contested territory between the two Kingdoms.<ref name=":2" /> From 1666 to 1760 it was ruled by the Mughal Empire who ceded it the British [[East India Company]].<ref name=":2" /> In 1860, the region was taken over by the [[British Raj]] and made part of [[British India]].<ref name=":2" /> It was the British who named the region Chittagong Hill Tracts as they saw it as an extension of [[Chittagong District]] and placed it under the [[Province of Bengal]].<ref name=":2" /> The land south was called [[Arakan Hill Tracts]] and the land north was called [[Hill Tippera]].<ref name=":2" /> Chittagong Hill Tracts Regulation created a tax collection system in 1900.<ref name=":2" />
[[File:Guerrilla_Leader_Santu_Larmars_Hide-out-_Duduk_Chora-_Khagrachiri-_May_5-_1994-_Biplob_Rahman.jpg|left|thumb|Shanti Bahini insurgents, 1994.]]
After the Partition of India, the Chittagong Hill Tracts became part of Pakistan.<ref name=":2" /> It became part of Bangladesh after the [[Independence of Bangladesh]].<ref name=":2" /> Unlike the rest of Bangladesh it was neither Bengali nor Muslim majority.<ref name=":2" /> Most of the inhabitants followed Buddhism followed by Hinduism.<ref name=":2" /> In the 1980s, the government of Bangladesh divided it into three districts, [[Bandarban District]], [[Khagrachhari District|Khagrachari District]], and [[Rangamati District]].<ref name=":2" />

Over 100 thousand tribal people were made refugees by the construction of the [[Kaptai Dam]], which also flooded 40 percent of agricultural land, and many were not compensated. Some of them fled to Arunachal Pradesh.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Mohsin |first=Amena |date=18 September 2021 |title=Chittagong Hill Tracts Peace Accord, 1997 |url=https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php/Chittagong_Hill_Tracts_Peace_Accord,_1997 |access-date=2024-09-23 |website=[[Banglapedia]]}}</ref>

==Operation==
[[Manabendra Narayan Larma]], member of the [[East Pakistan Provincial Assembly]] in 1970,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kader |first=Rozina |date=17 June 2021 |title=Larma, Manabendra Narayan |url=https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Larma,_Manabendra_Narayan |access-date=2024-09-23 |website=[[Banglapedia]]}}</ref> formed the Parbatya Chattagram Jana Samhati Samiti in March 1973 after [[Sheikh Mujibur Rahman]] did not listen to his plea to provide autonomy to the hill tracts in the constitution of Bangladesh.<ref name=":3" /> He also created an armed wing called [[Shanti Bahini]].<ref name=":3" /> After the [[assassination of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman]], Manabendra Narayan Larm fled to India.<ref name=":3" /> In 1977, the Shanti Bahini attacked a convoy of Bangladesh Army which started the [[Chittagong Hill Tracts conflict|Chittagong Hill Tracts Conflict]].<ref name=":3" />
[[File:Dabanal_Padak.png|thumb|Dabanal Padak]]
In response Bangladesh Army started building up its defense facilities and the Chittagong Hill Tracts were placed under the General Officer Commanding of the [[24th Infantry Division (Bangladesh)|24th Infantry Division of Bangladesh Army]].<ref name=":3" /> General [[Ziaur Rahman]], later president, launched Operation Dabanal as part of that militarization of the region.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ahmad |first=Mohiuddin |url=https://www.google.ca/books/edition/Breaking_the_Barrier/W2QuAQAAIAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=Operation+Dabanal&dq=Operation+Dabanal&printsec=frontcover |title=Breaking the Barrier: Inter-Asia Reader on Democratization and Social Movements |date=2008 |publisher=Democracy and Social Movements Institute, SungKongHoe University |isbn=978-984-770-013-7 |pages=309 |language=en}}</ref> Bangladesh Army would state the operation was to protect the civilians and the administration in the Hill Tracts.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Alam |first=S. M. Shamsul |url=https://www.google.ca/books/edition/Governmentality_and_Counter_Hegemony_in/A5ykCgAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22Operation+Dabanal%22&pg=PT250&printsec=frontcover |title=Governmentality and Counter-Hegemony in Bangladesh |date=2016-04-29 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-1-137-52603-8 |language=en}}</ref> In 1979, the government of Bangladesh began a policy of settling ethnic Bengalis in the Chittagong Hill Tracts and thereby changing the demographic of the region.<ref name=":3" />

=== Peace Treaty ===
The Awami League government, under Prime Minister [[Sheikh Hasina]] came to power in 1996 with an election manifesto promising to end the conflict.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Majumder |first=Shantanu |date=17 June 2021 |title=Parbatya Chattagram Jana-Samhati Samiti |url=https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Parbatya_Chattagram_Jana-Samhati_Samiti |access-date=2024-09-23 |website=[[Banglapedia]]}}</ref> It created the National Committee on Chittagong Hill Tracts Affairs which had 11 members.<ref name=":4" /> In 1997, the government of Bangladesh signed the Chittagong Hill Tracts Peace Accord with [[Parbatya Chattagram Jana Samhati Samiti]] bring an end to the [[Chittagong Hill Tracts Conflict]] and Operation Dabanal.<ref name=":3" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Genocide & Ethnicide in CHT |url=https://www.pcjss.org/genocide-ethnicide-in-cht/ |access-date=2024-09-23 |website=Parbatya Chattagram Jana Samhati Samiti |language=en-US}}</ref> The Shanti Bahini was abolished after the peace treaty was signed.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kader |first=Rozina |date=17 June 2021 |title=Shanti Bahini |url=https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Shanti_Bahini |access-date=2024-09-23 |website=[[Banglapedia]]}}</ref> Parbatya Chattagram Jana Samhati Samiti became a political party.<ref name=":4" />

==Aftermath==

The Army launched [[Operation Uttoran]] to replace Operation Dabanal on 1 September 2001.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Militarisation in CHT |url=https://www.pcjss.org/militarisation-in-cht/ |access-date=2024-09-23 |website=Parbatya Chattagram Jana Samhati Samiti |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=10 innocent Jumma villagers tortured by Army personnel in Rangamati – South Asian Rights |url=https://southasianrights.org/10-innocent-jumma-villagers-tortured-by-army-personnel-in-rangamati/ |access-date=2024-09-23 |language=en-US}}</ref> Under Operation Uttoran, Bangladesh Army received 10 thousand ton of rice which they used to develop settler villages in the Chittagong Hill Tracts.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-07-24 |title=How Sheikh Hasina betrayed the indigenous people of Chittagong Hill Tracts |url=https://hindupost.in/world/how-sheikh-hasina-betrayed-the-indigenous-people-of-chittagong-hill-tracts/# |access-date=2024-09-23 |website=hindupost.in |language=en-US}}</ref>

Dabanal Padak is the service medal for participating in this [[Chittagong Hill Tracts conflict|campaign]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Bangladesh Army |title=Medal Gallery of Bangladesh Army |url=https://www.army.mil.bd/Medal-Gallery}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=ODM of Bangladesh: Hill Tracts Campaign Medal |url=https://www.medals.org.uk/bangladesh/bangladesh010.htm |access-date=2022-12-18 |website=www.medals.org.uk}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Operation Dabanal}}
[[Category:Military history of Bangladesh]]
[[Category:History of Bangladesh (1971–present)]]
[[Category:20th century in Bangladesh]]

Mohammad Nizamuddin Ahmed

2024-09-23T17:16:44Z

Vinegarymass911: /* Honours */ link

{{short description|Chief of Naval Staff of Bangladesh Navy}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific_prefix = [[Admiral (Bangladesh)|Admiral (retd).]]
| name = Mohammad Nizamuddin Ahmed
| honorific_suffix = (TAS), NBP, OSP, BCGM, ndc, psc, BN
| image = Admiral Nizamuddin Ahmed in New Delhi on August 28, 2017.jpg
| caption =
| office = 14th [[Chief of Naval Staff (Bangladesh)|Chief of Naval Staff]] 
| predecessor = [[M. Farid Habib]]
| successor = [[Aurangzeb Chowdhury]]
| term_start = 27 January 2016
| term_end = 26 January 2019
| president = [[Mohammad Abdul Hamid|Abdul Hamid]]
| primeminister = [[Sheikh Hasina]]
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1960|4|1|df=y}}
| death_date =
| birth_place = [[Madaripur District|Madaripur]], [[East Pakistan]], Pakistan
| death_place =
| placeofburial =
| nickname =
| birth_name =
| allegiance = {{BAN}}
| branch = {{navy|Bangladesh}}
| serviceyears = 1981–2019
| rank = [[File:14.BNF-ADMF.svg|20px]][[File:British Royal Navy (sleeves) OF-9.svg|18px]] [[Admiral (Bangladesh)|Admiral]] [[File:BN Admiral Star Plate.svg|30px]]
| commands = *[[Chief of Naval Staff (Bangladesh)|Chief of Naval Staff]]
*Chairman [[Chittagong Port Authority]]
*Commodore, [[BNS Isa Khan|COMCHIT]]
*[[Bangladesh Coast Guard|Director of Operations of the Bangladesh Coast Guard]]
| battles =
| awards = [[File:Army Medal Bar.png|30px]] [[Awards and decorations of the Bangladesh Armed Forces|Noubahini Padak (NBP)]] {{Flagicon image|Extraordiary Service Medal.png|size=30px}} [[Awards and decorations of the Bangladesh Armed Forces|Oshamanno Sheba Padak (OSP)]] [[File:Three CNS Commendation Padak.png|30px]] Commendation Padak
| spouse =
| relations =
| laterwork =
}}

'''Mohammad Nizamuddin Ahmed''' (born c. 1960) was an admiral in the Bangladesh Navy and the former Chief of Naval Staff.<ref>{{cite web|title=CPA chairman Nizamuddin made new navy chief|url=http://nbsnews.org/2016/01/21/6817/cpa-chairman-nizamuddin-made-new-navy-chief/ |website=NBS News |access-date=2 February 2016}}</ref> He previously served as the Director of Coast Guard Operations and commander of Chittagong Naval Command (COMCHIT).<ref>{{cite news |title=Rear Admiral Nizamuddin made new navy chief|url=http://www.theindependentbd.com/printversion/details/31219 |work=The Independent |access-date=2 February 2016}}</ref> He also served in Naval Headquarters as Director of Personnel Services and Secretary to the Chief of Naval Staff.<ref>{{cite news |title=Rear Admiral Nizamuddin named navy chief|url=http://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/2016/jan/22/rear-admiral-nizamuddin-named-navy-chief |work=Dhaka Tribune |access-date=2 February 2016}}</ref> Inter Service Public Relations Directorate (ISPR) announced Ahmed's nomination to succeed [[M. Farid Habib|Admiral Farid Habib]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Nizamuddin Ahmed picked as new navy chief|url=http://www.thedailystar.net/city/nizamuddin-ahmed-picked-new-navy-chief-205468 |work=The Daily Star |access-date=2 February 2016}}</ref> Ahmed began serving as the 15th [[List of Chiefs of Naval Staff|Chief of Naval Staff]] on 27 January 2016.<ref>{{cite web|title=Vice Admiral Mohammad Nizamuddin Ahmed, OSP, ndc, psc Takes over as Chief of Naval Staff|url=http://www.navy.mil.bd/pdf/news/148.pdf |website=Bangladesh Navy |access-date=2 February 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Bangladesh appoints new navy chief|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2016-01/22/c_135033146.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160201001944/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2016-01/22/c_135033146.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=February 1, 2016 |work=Xinhua |access-date=2 February 2016}}</ref>

==Biography==

===Early life===
Nizam was born in [[Madaripur|Madaripur, Dhaka]] in 1960. His father, Late M.A Rashid, was a teacher and his mother late Fazilatunnesa Rashid was a housewife. He spent his childhood in Madaripur, where he attended local schools.<ref>{{cite news |title=CPA chairman Nizamuddin made new navy chief|url=http://www.daily-sun.com/post/108605/CPA-chairman-Nizamuddin-made-new-navy-chief |work=The Daily Sun |access-date=2 February 2016}}</ref>

===Education===
He attended Madaripur United Islamia Government High School, where he obtained first division with four letters in 1976. He later attended Madaripur Government Nazimuddin College. After joining the Navy, he graduated from Marshal Tito NAval Academy in [[Yugoslavia]]. He also obtained degree in Inter Forces Staff Course from [[France]], [[United States]] and [[Canada]]. Admiral Nizam visited a wide range of countries in the world. He can fluently speak and write in French, and Serbo-Croatian language.<ref>{{cite web|title=Newly Appointed Chief of Naval Staff|url=http://www.navy.mil.bd/pdf/news/146.pdf |website=Bangladesh Navy |access-date=2 February 2016}}</ref> Admiral Nizam also completed NDC at the National Defence College, [[Mirpur Model Thana|Mirpur]].

===Military service===
Admiral Nizam joined Bangladesh Navy on 30 January 1979 and was commissioned on 1 August 1981. During long career span, Ahmed served in the Naval Headquarter as Director of Personnel Services and Secretary to the Chief of Naval Staff. As specialist, he also served as the Instructor of TAS School as well as in Bangladesh Naval Academy. He was the Director of Operations at Bangladesh Coast Guard Headquarters. Admiral Nizam also got the responsibility of selecting the officers of Armed Forces while holding the appointment of Deputy President of ISSB. Admiral Nizam Commanded Torpedo boats, Minesweepers, Gun boats and various Patrol Craft. He had the proud privilege of commanding all the three Ex-RN frigates. He also commanded various bases and subsequently took over the command of the biggest area of Bangladesh Navy at Chittagong. He served more than two years as Area Commander and earned the commendation from the Chief of Naval Staff. He participated in the peacekeeping mission in Ivory Coast during the time of tense situation as Military Observer.<ref>{{cite web|title=President for tapping Blue Economy potentials|url=http://anb24.com/news-31-94077.html |website=ANB24 |access-date=2 February 2016}}</ref>

===As the chairman of Chittagong Port Authority===
Admiral Nizam joined Chittagong Port Authority as chairman on 26 February 2012 and has served successfully till to date. As the Chairman Chittagong Port Authority he took lot of initiative and opened the first Inland Container Terminal of the country at Pangao near Dhaka. It is worth to mention that Chittagong Port was not closed for a single day due to labour unrest or strike during his tenure. Admiral Nizam did put up his best efforts to establish the country's much-needed third Sea Port (PAYRA) in the southern region of the country.<ref>{{cite web|title=Chief of Naval Staff |url=http://www.navy.mil.bd/cns.php |website=Bangladesh Navy |access-date=2 February 2016}}</ref>

==Honours==
{|style="margin:1em auto;"
|-
|[[File:Extraordiary Service Medal.png|100px|none]]
|[[File:Dabanal Padak.JPG|100px|none]]
|[[File:Gurnijar 1991 Padak.JPG|100px|none]]
|-
|[[File:Sangsadia Nirbachan 1991.png|100px|none]]
|[[File:Bangladesh Sangsadia Nirbachan 1996.png|100px|none]]
|[[File:Bangladesh Sangsadia Nirbachan 2001.png|100px|none]]
|[[File:Silver Jubilee.gif|100px|none]]
|-
|[[File:Jestha Padak III.svg|100px|none]]
|[[File:Jestha Padak II.svg|100px|none]]
|[[File:Jestha Padak I.svg|100px|none]]
|[[File:UNOCI Ribbon bar.svg|100px|none]]
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto;"
|-
|Extraordiary Service Medal
|[[Operation Dabanal]] Medal
|Cyclone Relief of 1991 Medal
|-
|1991 National Election Medal
|1996 National Election Medal
|2001 National Election Medal
|Silver Jubilee Medal
|-
|27 years service
|20 years service
|10 years service
|UNOCI Medal
|}

==References==
{{reflist|2}}
{{Commons category|Nizamuddin Ahmed}}
{{S-start}}
{{S-mil}}
|-
{{S-bef
| before = [[M. Farid Habib|Admiral Mohammad Farid Habib]]
}}
{{S-ttl
| title = [[Chief of Naval Staff (Bangladesh)]] 
| years = 27 January 2016 – 26 January 2019
}}
{{s-aft
| after = [[Aurangzeb Chowdhury|Admiral Aurangzeb Chowdhury]]
}}
{{S-end}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ahmed, Mohammad Nizamuddin}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1960s births]]
[[Category:Chiefs of Naval Staff (Bangladesh)]]
[[Category:People from Madaripur District]]
[[Category:Bangladeshi Navy admirals]]

Raoof Hasan

2024-09-23T15:14:11Z

Vinegarymass911: /* Writings */ link

{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific-suffix =
| name = Raoof Hasan
| native_name = {{nobold|رؤف حسن}}
| image = [[File:Raoof Hasan Press Talk.jpg|180px]]
| office = Information Secretary and [[Party spokesperson|Spokesperson]] of [[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf]]
| term_start =
| term_end =
| predecessor = [[Ali Muhammad Khan]]
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| party = [[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf]]
| nationality = Pakistani
| relations = [[Fawad Hasan Fawad]] (brother)<ref>{{cite web |date=28 May 2023 |title=Imran appoints Raoof Hassan as PTI's Central Information Secretary |url=https://www.nation.com.pk/28-May-2023/imran-appoints-raoof-hassan-as-pti-s-central-information-secretary |access-date=17 August 2024 |website=The Nation}}</ref>
}}

'''Raoof Hasan''' ({{Lang-ur|{{nobold|رؤف حسن}}}}) is a Pakistani writer and political analyst who is the current information secretary and [[Party spokesperson|spokesperson]] of [[Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf]] (PTI). He had previously served as special assistant to Prime Minister [[Imran Khan]].

==Views==
While serving as Special Assistant to Prime Minister Imran Khan, Hasan commented on the [[2020–2021 U.S. troop withdrawal from Afghanistan]] and the [[2021 Taliban offensive|Taliban's takeover]]. He tweeted that Afghanistan experienced a nearly seamless transition of power from the corrupt [[Ashraf Ghani#Presidency (2014–2021)|Ghani government]] to the [[Taliban]], and that the U.S.-backed structure in Afghanistan had collapsed "like the proverbial house of cards."{{sfn|Sehri|2021}}

==Arrest==
In July 2024, he was arrested for spreading anti-state propaganda.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/police-arrests-jailed-former-pak-pm-imran-khans-partys-information-secretary-during-raid/article68432541.ece/|title=Police arrests jailed former Pakistan PM Imran Khan's party's information secretary during raid|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=22 July 2024|access-date=24 July 2024}}</ref>

==Writings==
Hasan has written essays in certain publications:
* [[Michael Kugelman]] and Raoof Hasan, [https://warontherocks.com/2017/11/year-track-ii-discussions-says-future-u-s-pakistan-relations/ What a year of track II discussions says about the future of US-Pakistan relations], [[War on the Rocks]], 30 November 2017.{{sfn|Mohan|Singh|2024}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

== Bibliography ==
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book|editor-last1=Mohan|editor-first1=C. Raja|editor-last2=Singh|editor-first2=Hernaikh|editor-link1=Raja Mohan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HRgUEQAAQBAJ&pg=PA96|title=Biden And Beyond: The United States Rethinks South Asia|date=7 June 2024|publisher=[[World Scientific Publishing Company]]|pages=96|isbn=978-981-12-7644-6|access-date=17 August 2024|archive-date=18 August 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240818171028/https://books.google.com/books?id=HRgUEQAAQBAJ&pg=PA96#v=onepage&q&f=false|url-status=live}}
* {{cite book|last1=Sehri|first1=Inam R.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jJRyEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT192|title=The History of a Disgraceful Surrender (2021)|date=9 June 2022|publisher=Grosvenor House Publishing|isbn=978-1-80381-129-1|access-date=17 August 2024}}
{{refend}}

{{Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf|state=collapsed}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hassan, Raoof}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf politicians]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]

Kohinoor Chemical Company (Bangladesh) Limited

2024-09-23T15:11:13Z

Vinegarymass911: links+

{{Infobox organization
| name = Kohinoor Chemical Company (Bangladesh) Limited
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| map =
| abbreviation =
| motto =
| formation = 1956
| type =
| status =
| purpose =
| headquarters = [[Dhaka]], [[Bangladesh]]
| location =
| coords = 
| region_served = Bangladesh
| members =
| language = Bengali
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| main_organ =
| parent_organization =
| affiliations =
| budget =
| website = {{URL|https://kohinoor-bd.com/}}
}}
'''Kohinoor Chemical Company (Bangladesh) Limited''' ({{Lang-bn|শিবলী রুবাইয়াত-উল-ইসলাম }}) is the oldest cosmetics and soap manufacturer in Bangladesh.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Top FMCG Companies in Bangladesh: At a Glance |url=https://unb.com.bd/category/Business/top-fmcg-companies-in-bangladesh-at-a-glance/63105 |access-date=2024-09-09 |website=unb.com.bd}}</ref> It is owned by [[Orion Group (Bangladesh)|Orion Group]], a large diversified conglomerate whose chairman is [[Mohammad Obaidul Karim]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Orion Group : : About Us |url=https://www.orion-group.net/index.php/page/1/about-us |access-date=2024-09-09 |website=www.orion-group.net}}</ref> Md. Rezaul Karim is the managing director of the Kohinoor Chemical Company (Bangladesh) Limited.<ref>{{Cite news |date=11 December 2023 |title=36th AGM of Kohinoor Chemical Company (BD) held |url=https://www.jagonews24.com/en/business/news/72054 |access-date=8 September 2024 |work=[[Jagonews24.com]]}}</ref>

Its brands have been described as popular among "middle-class and rural people" of Bangladesh.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Kohinoor Chemical on growth path, while peers take a blow |url=https://thefinancialexpress.com.bd/economy/kohinoor-chemical-on-growth-path-while-peers-take-a-blow |access-date=2024-09-09 |website=The Financial Express |language=en}}</ref> It is listed on the [[Dhaka Stock Exchange]] and [[Chittagong Stock Exchange]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-05-02 |title=Kohinoor Chemicals posts 16.5% jump in profit in July–March |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/business/news/kohinoor-chemicals-posts-165-jump-profit-july-march-3309346 |access-date=2024-09-09 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=CSE Shariah Index revised |url=https://thefinancialexpress.com.bd/stock/cse-shariah-index-revised-1641134591 |access-date=2024-09-09 |website=The Financial Express |language=en}}</ref> It has the second larges share of the soap market in Bangladesh after [[Unilever Bangladesh Limited]], subsidiary of [[Unilever]], with 50 percent.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Beauty soap market jumps four times in 10 years |url=https://businesspostbd.com/trade/beauty-soap-market-jumps-four-times-in-10-years-32400 |access-date=2024-09-09 |website=businesspostbd.com |language=en}}</ref>

==History==
Kohinoor Chemical Company (Bangladesh) Limited was established in 1956 at [[Tejgaon Industrial Area]], Dacca.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Kohinoor Chemical Company LTD |url=https://kohinoor-bd.com/ |access-date=2024-09-09 |website=kohinoor-bd.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.google.ca/books/edition/Regional_Trade_Directory/HmUaAAAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=Kohinoor+Chemical+east+pakistan&dq=Kohinoor+Chemical+east+pakistan&printsec=frontcover |title=Regional Trade Directory: Iran-Pakistan-Turkey |publisher=Madatali Karamali |year=1968 |language=en}}</ref>

In 1971, the company was nationalized after the [[Independence of Bangladesh]] from Pakistan and placed under [[Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation]].<ref name=":1" /> It became a public limited company in 1998.<ref name=":1" /> The operations in Pakistan continue as Kohinoor Chemical Company (Pvt) Ltd, a separate company.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tibet » Contact |url=https://www.kohinoorsoap.com/?page_id=80 |access-date=2024-09-09 |language=en-US}}</ref>

[[Orion Group (Bangladesh)|Orion Group]] bought the state owned Kohinoor Chemical Company (Bangladesh) Limited, a deal made possible by the close friendship of the group chairman with Prime Minister [[Khaleda Zia]], in 1993.<ref name=":4">{{Cite news |date=2008-08-13 |title=Scamster Obaidul Karim gets 5 years |url=http://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-50256 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161108060426/http://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-50256 |archive-date=8 November 2016 |access-date=2016-10-29 |newspaper=The Daily Star}}</ref> At the time, Kohinoor was listed on the stock exchange and making a profit.<ref name=":4" /> He was also close to Bangladesh Nationalist Party politicians [[Tarique Rahman]], son of Prime Minister Khaleda Zia, and [[Harris Chowdhury]], political secretary of Khaleda Zia.<ref name=":4" /> Orion inflated the share prices before the 1996 stock exchange crash which prompted an investigation by the [[Bangladesh Securities and Exchange Commission]].<ref name=":4" /> The company did not pay a dividend till 2005.<ref name=":4" />

The company had a 19 percent growth in 2023 outperforming it's competitors.<ref name=":0" />

==Brands==
*Fast Wash<ref name=":1" />
*Sandalina<ref name=":1" />
*Tibet<ref name=":1" />
*Bactrol<ref name=":1" />
*Xpert<ref name=":1" />
*Beautina<ref name=":1" />
*Ice Cool<ref name=":1" />
*Clean Master<ref name=":1" />
*Fruity<ref name=":1" />
*Am Pm<ref name=":1" />
*Genster<ref name=":1" />
*Wiper<ref name=":1" />

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:1956 establishments in East Pakistan]]
[[Category:Organisations based in Dhaka]]
[[Category:Companies of Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Personal care brands]]
[[Category:Soap brands]]

{{Bangladesh-org-stub}}

S. Alam Group of Industries

2024-09-23T03:25:09Z

Vinegarymass911: Reverted edit by 119.30.39.207 (talk) to last version by AJ2884

{{short description|Bangladeshi industrial conglomerate}}
{{Infobox company
| name = S.Alam Group
| logo = S.alam Group.jpg
| type = [[Private company|Private]]
| industry = [[Conglomerate (company)|Conglomerate]]
| founded = 1985
| founder = Mohammad S. Alam Masud Chowdhury (Chairman)
| hq_location = 2119, Asadgonj, Bangladesh.
| hq_location_city = [[Chittagong]]
| hq_location_country = Bangladesh
| key_people = Muhammad Saiful Alam Masud Chowdhury
| products = Food & allied products, cement, steel, power & energy, transportation, shipping, manufacturing, properties, agro, trading
| num_employees =2,00,000
| num_employees_year = 
| website = {{URL|http://www.s.alamgroupbd.com}}
| equity = 140 billion BDT (1.3 billion USD)
}}

'''S.Alam Group''' ({{lang-bn|এস.আলম গ্রুপ}}) is a Bangladeshi industrial [[conglomerate (company)|conglomerate]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/frontpage/sibl-bank-change-guards-raises-eyebrows-1484233 |title=Change of guards raises eyebrows |date=2017-10-31 |work=The Daily Star |access-date=2018-08-27 |language=en}}</ref> S. Alam Group also has investment in banking, leasing, insurance, stock brokering, and merchant banking. The industries under this group include food and allied products, steel, banking, consumer products, sugar, cement, power, energy, transportation, shipping, manufacturing, hospitality, financial institution, agro, trading, oil, and gas.<ref name=":2">{{Cite news |date=2017-11-26 |title=Government looking into debt records of S Alam Group |language=en-US |work=Dhaka Tribune |url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/business/regulations/2017/11/26/govt-debt-records-s-alam-group |access-date=2018-08-27}}</ref> The group is under investigation by the Government of Bangladesh for financial crime and money laundering under the shelter of the ousted Sheikh Hasina government.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/business/354941/s-alam%E2%80%99s-45-000c-theft-from-the-banking-sector|title=S Alam’s 45,000C theft from the banking sector|date=16 August 2024|work=Dhaka Tribune}}</ref>

== History ==
In April 2009, S. Alam purchased [[Oman Bangladesh Leasing and Finance Limited]].<ref name=":3">{{Cite news |last=Parvez |first=Sohel |date=2009-04-03 |title=S Alam buys out leasing firm |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-82467 |access-date=2023-01-02 |work=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref> Md Saiful Alam Masud, chairman of S. Alam Group and [[First Security Islami Bank Limited]], was appointed chairman of Oman Bangladesh Leasing and Finance Limited.<ref name=":3" />

S. Alam Group signed an agreement with [[SEPCO3]] to construct a powerplant in Chittagong in 2013.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2013-12-20 |title=S Alam Group teams up with Chinese firm for coal power plant |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/s-alam-group-teams-up-with-chinese-firm-for-coal-power-plant-3212 |access-date=2023-01-02 |work=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref> The [[Banshkhali power plant movement]] was launched to stop the construction of the Powe plant.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2016-04-06 |title=Bangladesh coal plant protests continue after demonstrators killed |url=http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2016/apr/06/bangladesh-coal-plant-protests-continue-after-demonstrators-killed |access-date=2023-01-02 |work=The Guardian |language=en}}</ref> Environmentalists have opposed the construction of the plant on environmental grounds.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-06-22 |title=129 individuals, 74 orgs demand stop to Banshkhali Coal Power Plant project |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/environment/news/129-individuals-74-orgs-demand-stop-banshkhali-coal-power-plant-project-2116033 |access-date=2023-01-02 |work=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref>

On 5 January 2015, Ekushey Television abruptly halted transmissions without any notice in most areas around Bangladesh after airing a speech by the senior vice chairman of the [[Bangladesh Nationalist Party]], [[Tarique Rahman]]. A sedition case was also filed as Rahman's speech was said to be "false, fabricated and instigating".<ref>{{Cite news |date=25 February 2015 |title=Why obstructions on ETV programme telecast: HC |work=The Daily Star |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/op-ed/politics/why-obstructions-etv-programme-telecast-hc-3878 |access-date=2 June 2022}}</ref> The chairman of Ekushey, Abdus Salam, was subsequently arrested in a case filed under the Pornography Act of 2012, as the network allegedly aired a false report on a girl in one of their programs, ''Ekusher Chokh''.<ref>{{cite news |date=6 January 2015 |title=ETV chairman sent to jail |work=Dhaka Tribune |url=https://archive.dhakatribune.com/uncategorized/2015/01/06/etv-chairman-sent-to-jail |access-date=17 July 2022}}</ref> Later, the channel resumed broadcasting in some areas, and resumed nationwide broadcasts over time.<ref>{{cite news |date=6 January 2015 |title=ETV off air after airing Tarique's speech |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/etv-off-air-after-airing-tariques-speech-58624 |access-date=24 August 2021 |work=The Daily Star}}</ref> On 25 November 2015, a media release issued by Ekushey Television stated that S. Alam Group of Industries had acquired Ekushey, in an auction on 8 October.<ref>{{cite news |date=25 November 2015 |script-title=bn:একুশে টিভির নতুন মালিক এস আলম গ্রুপ |language=bn |work=[[Jago News 24]] |url=https://www.jagonews24.com/amp/65540 |access-date=2 June 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=25 November 2015 |title=New owners again for Ekushey Television |work=BDNews24 |url=https://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/2015/11/25/new-owners-again-for-ekushey-television |access-date=20 July 2022}}</ref>

S. Alam Group bought 50 per cent of the shares of [[Social Islami Bank Limited]] through 19 subsidiaries violating the [[Banking Company Act, 1991]] in the process in 2017 achieving a hostile takeover.<ref name=":1" /> The same year the company took over [[Islami Bank Bangladesh Ltd]] and appointed Arastoo Khan chairman.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2017-01-08 |title=Changing of the guard at Islami Bank |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/frontpage/change-guards-islami-bank-1342051 |access-date=2023-01-02 |work=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref> The takeover of Islami Bank started in 2013 and was supported by the [[Awami League]] government as it was linked with the [[Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Taiyeb |first=Faiz Ahmad |date=2022-12-06 |title=The rise and fall of Islami Bank |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/opinion/views/news/the-rise-and-fall-islami-bank-3189046 |access-date=2023-01-02 |work=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref> According to [[New Age (Bangladesh)|New Age]], S. Alam Group had taken 300 billion taka loans from Islami Bank Bangladesh Ltd which was denied by the bank.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Jamal |first=Eresh Omar |date=2022-12-04 |title=Destroying the economy to save the thieves |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/opinion/views/the-overton-window/news/destroying-the-economy-save-the-thieves-3187386 |access-date=2023-01-02 |work=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=IBBL claims New Age report not presented properly |url=https://www.newagebd.net/article/187927/ibbl-claims-new-age-report-not-presented-properly |access-date=2023-01-02 |work=New Age |language=en}}</ref> The Minister of Finance, [[Abul Maal Abdul Muhith]], announced an investigation of loans of the group.<ref name=":2" /> He believed the group was using loans from other banks for the takeover.<ref name=":0" /> According to [[Ahsan H. Mansur|Ahsan H Mansur]], director of Policy Research Institute of Bangladesh, the group has taken 800 billion taka loans from various banks through its subsidiaries.<ref name=":4">{{Cite news |last=Mortoza |first=Golam |date=2022-12-06 |title=Islami Bank’s loan scams were not unknown to policymakers |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/business/economy/news/islami-banks-loan-scams-were-not-unknown-policymakers-3188411 |access-date=2023-01-02 |work=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref> The group has made significant investments in Singapore.<ref name=":4" /> It purchased 20 ships from [[Western Marine Shipyard]] for 2.5 billion taka.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2017-04-24 |title=S Alam Group to buy 20 ships at Tk 250cr |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/business/s-alam-group-buy-20-ships-tk-250cr-1395436 |access-date=2023-01-02 |work=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref>

In October 2018, S. Alam group purchased 45 per cent of the shares of [[Padma Islami Life Insurance Company]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Alo |first=Jebun Nesa |date=2018-10-04 |title=S Alam now sets sights on insurers |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/business/news/s-alam-now-sets-sights-insurers-1642435 |access-date=2023-01-02 |work=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref>

On April 17, 2021, five workers at [[Banshkhali Upazila|Banshkhali]] power plant were killed by police firing bullets at protesting workers demanding payment of dues and breaks for prayer and iftar during [[Ramadan]]. Their ages ranged from 18 to 25. More than 20 other workers were also injured.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-04-17 |title=5 dead as police open fire on coal power plant workers in Chattogram |language=en |work=The Daily Star |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/bangladesh/news/four-coal-power-plant-workers-killed-clash-police-ctgs-banshkhali-2078953 |access-date=2021-04-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-04-18 |title=Banshkhali Power Plant Site:5 workers killed as cops open fire |language=en |work=The Daily Star |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/frontpage/news/banshkhali-power-plant-site-5-workers-killed-cops-open-fire-2079153 |access-date=2021-04-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Five die in clash between police and power plant workers in Banshkhali |work=bdnews24.com |url=https://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/2021/04/17/five-die-in-clash-between-police-and-power-plant-workers-in-banshkhali |access-date=2021-04-18}}</ref> The company filed a case against a local engineer under the [[Digital Security Act]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-06-01 |title=S Alam Group, police served contempt of court notice for case against Banshkhali engineer |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/law-our-rights/law-news/news/s-alam-group-police-served-contempt-court-notice-case-against-banshkhali-engineer-2103001 |access-date=2023-01-02 |work=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref> Bangladesh High Court ordered S. Alam Group to pay 500 thousand taka to each of those workers killed in the police action.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-05-05 |title=HC directs S Alam to pay Tk 5 lakh each to victims’ families |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/backpage/news/hc-directs-s-alam-pay-tk-5-lakh-victims-families-2088333 |access-date=2023-01-02 |work=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref> The company launched a satellite television channel, Nexus Television, in July 2021.<ref>{{cite news |date=28 July 2021 |script-title=bn:নেক্সাস টিভির যাত্রা শুরু ৩০ জুলাই |work=[[Ekushey Television]] |url=https://www.ekushey-tv.com/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8-%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81-%E0%A7%A9%E0%A7%A6-%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87/133005 |language=bn |access-date=15 January 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=28 August 2020 |script-title=bn:রংধনু এখন নেক্সাস টেলিভিশন |language=bn |work=Sajag News |url=https://sajagnews.com/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%81-%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%A8-%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8-%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF/ |access-date=28 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=31 July 2021 |script-title=bn:আনুষ্ঠানিক সম্প্রচারে নেক্সাস টেলিভিশন |language=bn |work=BDNews24 |url=https://www.bdnews24.com/amp/bn/detail/media_bn/1920617 |access-date=30 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=31 July 2021 |script-title=bn:আজ থেকে সম্প্রচারে আসছে নেক্সাস টেলিভিশন |language=bn |work=[[Daily Naya Diganta]] |url=https://www.dailynayadiganta.com/more-news/598021/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%9C-%E0%A6%A5%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%9B%E0%A7%87-%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8-%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%A8 |access-date=29 July 2022}}</ref>

Directorate of Consumers' Rights Protection had found S. Alam stopped production of edible oil during shortages hiking up price of oil in the market.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-03-13 |title=S Alam mill found to have stopped selling bottled soybean oil |url=https://www.tbsnews.net/bangladesh/s-alam-mill-found-have-stopped-selling-bottled-soybean-oil-384346 |access-date=2023-01-02 |work=The Business Standard |language=en}}</ref> In December 2022, Prime Minister [[Sheikh Hasina]] called for an investigation into S. Alam Group according to [[The Daily Star (Bangladesh)|The Daily Star]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-12-06 |title=Hold the elite to account |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/opinion/editorial/news/hold-the-elite-account-3189256 |access-date=2023-01-02 |work=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref> The [[Prime Minister's Office (Bangladesh)|Prime Minister's Office]] denied the prime minister issued the order.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-12-07 |title=PMO’s rejoinder, our reply |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news/bangladesh/news/pmos-rejoinder-our-reply-3189261 |access-date=2023-01-02 |work=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref> Justices [[Md Nazrul Islam Talukder]] and Khizir Hayat of the [[High Court Division]] ordered an investigation into the S. Alam Group owned banks of Social Islami Bank Limited, First Security Islami Bank, and Islami Bank Bangladesh Ltd.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-12-04 |title=HC orders probe into 'loan scams' in 3 banks |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news/bangladesh/crime-justice/news/hc-orders-probe-loan-scams-3-banks-3187086 |access-date=2023-01-02 |work=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref> Bangladesh Bank provided additional funding to five S. Alam Group owned banks, First Security Islami Bank, [[Global Islami Bank]], Islami Bank Bangladesh, Social Islami Bank, and [[Union Bank Limited (Bangladesh)|Union Bank]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-12-07 |title=BB injects Tk 4,000cr into 5 Islamic banks |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/business/economy/news/bb-injects-tk-4000cr-5-islamic-banks-3189416 |access-date=2023-01-02 |work=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref> In 2022, it was one of five Bangladeshi groups that imported more than one billion dollar worth of raw materials; the others were [[Abul Khair Group]], [[Bashundhara Group]], [[BSRM]], and [[Meghna Group of Industries]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Milad |first=Masud |title=Five local conglomerates enter billion-dollar club |url=https://en.prothomalo.com/business/local/m04tcebkpu |access-date=2023-01-02 |work=Prothom Alo |language=en}}</ref>

In January 2023, S. Alam Group owned Islami Bank Bangladesh Ltd received 80 billion taka in emergency funds from Bangladesh Bank.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Uddin |first=AKM Zamir |date=2023-01-02 |title=Islami Bank takes emergency Tk 8,000cr from BB |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news/bangladesh/news/islami-bank-takes-emergency-tk-8000cr-bb-3210411 |access-date=2023-01-02 |work=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref>

== Companies of S.Alam Group ==

=== Food and allied products ===

* S. Alam Soya Seed Extraction Plant Ltd.
* S. Alam Vegetable Oil Limited.
* S. Alam Super Edible Oil Limited.
* S. Alam Refined Sugar Industries Ltd.
* S. Alam Refined Sugar Industries Ltd. (Unit-2)
* S. Alam Tank Terminal Ltd.

=== Cement ===

* S. Alam Cement Ltd.
* Portland Cements Ltd.

=== Steel ===

* S. Alam Steels Ltd.
* S. Alam Cold Rolled Steels Ltd.
* S. Alam Cold Rolled Steels Ltd. (Unit-2)
* Galco Steels (BD) Ltd.
* Galco Steels (BD) Ltd. (Unit-2)

=== Power and energy ===

* Karnaphuli Prakritik Gas Co. Ltd.
* Shah Amanat Prakritik Gas Co. Ltd.
* S. Alam Power Plant Ltd.
* S. Alam Power Plant ltd. (Unit-2)
* S. Alam Power Generation Ltd.
* SS Power 1 Ltd, Gondamara, Baskhali (660 MW Coal Power Plant).
* SS Power 2 Ltd, Gondamara, Baskhali (660 MW Coal Power Plant).

=== Transportation ===
S. Alam Luxury Chair Coach Services Ltd.

=== Shipping ===

* Bering Sea Lines

=== Manufacturing ===

* S. Alam Bag Manufacturing Mills Ltd.

=== Properties ===

* S. Alam Properties Ltd.
* Hasan Abason (Pvt.) Ltd.
* Modern Properties Ltd.
* Ocean Resorts Ltd.
* Prasad Paradise Ltd.
* Marine Empire
* Fatehabad Farm Ltd

=== Trading ===

* S. Alam Brothers Ltd.
* S. Alam Trading Co. (Pvt.) Ltd.
* S. Alam & Company
* Sonali Cargo Logistics (Pvt.) Ltd.
* Sonali Traders
* Global Trading Cor. Ltd.

== Banks and non bank financial institution of S. Alam ==
*[[Islami Bank Bangladesh Limited]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=2017-11-27 |title=S Alam Group: 'Govt looking into fund sources' |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/frontpage/s-alam-group-govt-looking-fund-sources-1496890 |access-date=2022-10-11 |work=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref>
*[[First Security Islami Bank Limited|First Security Islami Bank]]<ref name=":0" />
*[[Al-Arafah Islami Bank Limited]]<ref name=":0" />
*[[Bangladesh Commerce Bank Limited]]<ref name=":0" />
*[[Union Bank Limited (Bangladesh)|Union Bank Limited]]<ref name=":0" />
*[[Global Islami Bank]] (formerly [[NRB global bank limited]])<ref name=":0" />
*[[Social Islami Bank Limited]]<ref name=":0" />
*[[Aviva Finance]] (previously Reliance Finance)<ref name=":0" />
*Reliance Brokerage Services Limited<ref name=":0" />

==See also==
* [[List of companies of Bangladesh]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Official website|http://www.s.alamgroupbd.com}}

[[Category:Conglomerate companies of Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Companies based in Chittagong]]
[[Category:1985 establishments in Bangladesh]]

Quilliam (think tank)

2024-09-23T02:10:41Z

Vinegarymass911: website has been hijacked since closing

{{Short description|British counter-extremism think-tank}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2021}}
{{Infobox organization
| name = Quilliam
| logo = Logo of Quilliam think tank.jpg
| dissolved = 2021
| type =
| founded_date = {{start date|2008}}
| founder = [[Ed Husain]] [[Maajid Nawaz]] Rashad Zaman Ali
| location = [[London]], England, UK
| origins =
| key_people = Maajid Nawaz Rashad Zaman Ali Haras Rafiq David Toube
| area_served =
| product =
| focus =
| method =
| revenue =
| endowment =
| num_volunteers =
| num_employees = 10
| num_members =
| subsid =
| owner =
| homepage = |
| footnotes =
}}

'''Quilliam''' was a British [[think tank]] co-founded in 2008 by [[Maajid Nawaz]] that focused on counter-[[extremism]], specifically against [[Islamism]], which it argued represents a desire to impose a given interpretation of [[Islam]] on society. Founded as '''The Quilliam Foundation''' and based in [[London]], it claimed to lobby government and public institutions for more nuanced policies regarding Islam and on the need for greater democracy in the [[Muslim world]] whilst empowering "[[moderate Muslim]]" voices. The organisation opposed any Islamist ideology and championed freedom of expression. The critique of Islamist ideology by its founders―Nawaz, Rashad Zaman Ali and [[Ed Husain]]―was based, in part, on their personal experiences. Quilliam went into liquidation in 2021.

==History==
===2007: Foundation and terminology===
[[File:Liverpool article01 body02.jpg|right|thumb|150px|[[Abdullah Quilliam]]]]

Quilliam was established in 2007 by [[Ed Husain]], [[Maajid Nawaz]] and [[Rashad Zaman Ali]], three former members of the Islamist group [[Hizb ut-Tahrir]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://en.qantara.de/content/quilliam-foundation-a-muslim-think-tank-to-counter-extremism | title=Quilliam Foundation: A Muslim Think Tank to Counter Extremism - Qantara.de }}</ref> Husain left in 2011 to join the [[Council on Foreign Relations]] in New York.<ref name=nawaz352-3>Nawaz (2012): pp. 352–353</ref> [[Douglas Murray (author)|Douglas Murray]], who founded the [[Centre for Social Cohesion]] (which later morphed into the [[Henry Jackson Society]]), claimed: "Around the time Ed Husain came to public notice, I recruited him to work with me (through [[Civitas (think tank)|Civitas]], the organisation that originally hosted the CSC). He liked my views and I had great hopes for him to become a source for real reform. This gave him the time and financial freedom to set up [Quilliam]."<ref name="nafeez"/>

The organisation was named after [[Abdullah Quilliam]],<ref>Nawaz (2012): p. 327</ref> a 19th-century British convert to Islam who founded Britain's first mosque. The organisation was originally called '''The Quilliam Foundation''', but later rebranded as simply '''Quilliam'''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.quilliamfoundation.org|title=Quilliam|publisher=Quilliam|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080501080648/http://www.quilliamfoundation.org/|archive-date=1 May 2008|url-status=live}}</ref>

Quilliam defined [[Islamism]] in the following terms:
{{Quote|It is the belief that Islam is a political ideology, as well as a faith. It is a modernist claim that political sovereignty belongs to God, that the Shari'ah should be used as state law, that Muslims form a political rather than a religious bloc around the world and that it is a religious duty for all Muslims to create a political entity that is governed as such. Islamism is a spectrum, with Islamists disagreeing over how they should bring their 'Islamic' state into existence.

Some Islamists seek to engage with existing political systems, others reject the existing systems as illegitimate but do so non-violently, and others seek to create an 'Islamic state' through violence. Most Islamists are socially modern but others advocate a more retrograde lifestyle. Islamists often have contempt for Muslim scholars and sages and their traditional institutions; as well as a disdain for non-Islamist Muslims and the West.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.quilliamfoundation.org/about/faqs/|title= Frequently Asked Questions – What is Islamism?|publisher= Quilliam|access-date= 24 October 2013|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131018142153/http://www.quilliamfoundation.org/about/faqs/|archive-date= 2013-10-18|url-status= dead}}</ref>}}

Quilliam argued that Islam is a faith, not an ideology,<ref>Maajid Nawaz states "Islamists are at odds with Islam as a faith. Islam is a faith not an ideology" [http://www.echo-news.co.uk/news/2220706.how_ill_fight_against_islamic_extremism/ How I'll fight against Islamic extremism] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111017182755/http://www.echo-news.co.uk/news/2220706.how_ill_fight_against_islamic_extremism/ |date=17 October 2011 }}</ref> and that "Islam is not Islamism".<ref>{{cite news|url= https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/ed-husain-you-ask-the-questions-808652.html|title= Ed Husain: You Ask The Questions|publisher= Independent|date= 14 April 2008|location= London|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180113150318/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/ed-husain-you-ask-the-questions-808652.html|archive-date= 13 January 2018|url-status= live}}</ref> It also argues that "[Islamists] are extreme because of their rigidity in understanding politics".<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.quilliamfoundation.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/publications/free/pulling-together-to-defeat-terror.pdf |title= Pulling together to defeat terror" p. 3 |publisher= Quilliam |access-date= 24 October 2013 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140514061238/http://www.quilliamfoundation.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/publications/free/pulling-together-to-defeat-terror.pdf |archive-date= 14 May 2014 |url-status= dead }}</ref>

The organization's goals were mainly communicated in three ways: through the publication of reports, through involvement with the media, i.e. by taking part in interviews and discussions across Europe and the Middle East, and through its "Outreach and Training" unit, which delivers a "radicalisation awareness programme".

===2008: Gaza War===
On 30 December 2008, just days after the outbreak of the [[Gaza War (2008–09)|Gaza War]], Husain condemned the "ruthless air strikes and economic blockade" of Gaza city by Israel.<ref name=guardianGaza>{{cite news|last=Husain|first=Ed|title=Britain has a duty to Arabs|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2008/dec/30/israelandthepalestinians-middleeast|newspaper=The Guardian|date=30 December 2008|access-date=3 November 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105192414/http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2008/dec/30/israelandthepalestinians-middleeast|archive-date=5 November 2013|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=vice>{{cite news|last=Engelhart|first=Katie|title=Revealing Quilliam, the Muslim Destroyers of the English Far-Right|url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/jm9eqy/quilliam|newspaper=Vice|date=10 October 2013|access-date=3 November 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131017165128/http://www.vice.com/en_uk/read/quilliam|archive-date=17 October 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> He predicted that the result would be "rightful support for the beleaguered Palestinian peoples – and a boost to the popularity of [[Hamas]] by default".<ref name=guardianGaza/>

===2010: "Prevent" strategy===
On 14 June 2010, a strategic briefing paper with a covering letter signed by Nawaz and Hussain was sent to [[Charles Farr (civil servant)|Charles Farr]], director of the [[Office for Security and Counter-Terrorism]] (OSCT). The briefing paper was intended to be a confidential review of the UK government's [[CONTEST|anti-terrorism "Prevent" strategy]] following the [[7 July 2005 London bombings]], and was "particularly critical of the view that government partnerships with non-violent yet otherwise extreme Islamists were the best way to fend off [[Jihadism]]".<ref name=Nawaz348>Nawaz (2012): p. 348</ref> Although sent "by hard copy alone" with no electronic version,<ref name=Nawaz348/> both letter and briefing paper were leaked by being scanned and published on the internet,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/57458694/Preventing-Terrorism-Where-Next-for-Britain-Quilliam-Foundation |title=Quilliam: Preventing Terrorism: where next for Britain? |access-date=10 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117202203/https://www.scribd.com/doc/57458694/Preventing-Terrorism-Where-Next-for-Britain-Quilliam-Foundation |archive-date=17 November 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref> provoking protests from various groups which had been identified in the Quilliam briefing as sympathetic or supportive of Islamist extremism.<ref name=guardian1>{{cite news|title=List sent to terror chief aligns peaceful Muslim groups with terrorist ideology|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2010/aug/04/quilliam-foundation-list-alleged-extremism|last=Dodd|first=Vikram|newspaper=The Guardian|date=4 August 2010|access-date=2 November 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020180650/http://www.theguardian.com/uk/2010/aug/04/quilliam-foundation-list-alleged-extremism|archive-date=20 October 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> According to the briefing document, "The ideology of non-violent Islamists is broadly the same as that of violent Islamists; they disagree only on tactics."<ref name=guardian1/><ref name=telegraph1>{{cite news|title=Mainstream Islamic organisations 'share al-Qaeda ideology'|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/7928377/Mainstream-Islamic-organisations-share-al-Qaeda-ideology.html|newspaper=The Daily Telegraph|last=Gardham|first=Duncan|date=5 August 2010|access-date=2 November 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131111234409/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/7928377/Mainstream-Islamic-organisations-share-al-Qaeda-ideology.html|archive-date=11 November 2013|url-status=live}}</ref>

Quilliam's report claimed that a unit within [[Scotland Yard]] called the Muslim Contact Unit,<ref name=guardian1/> and a separate independent group called the [[Muslim Safety Forum]],<ref name=guardian1/> intended to improve the relationship between the police and the Muslim community, were respectively "Islamist-dominated"<ref>[https://www.scribd.com/doc/57458694/Preventing-Terrorism-Where-Next-for-Britain-Quilliam-Foundation Quilliam "Preventing Terrorism: where next for Britain?"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117202203/https://www.scribd.com/doc/57458694/Preventing-Terrorism-Where-Next-for-Britain-Quilliam-Foundation |date=17 November 2015 }}: p. 4</ref> and "associated with Jamaat e-Islami".<ref>[https://www.scribd.com/doc/57458694/Preventing-Terrorism-Where-Next-for-Britain-Quilliam-Foundation Quilliam "Preventing Terrorism: where next for Britain?"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117202203/https://www.scribd.com/doc/57458694/Preventing-Terrorism-Where-Next-for-Britain-Quilliam-Foundation |date=17 November 2015 }}: p. 60</ref> Other organisations listed by the Quilliam report included the [[Muslim Council of Britain]]<ref name=guardian1/> and its rival the [[Muslim Association of Britain]],<ref name=telegraph1/> both said to be "associated with the [[Muslim brotherhood]]".<ref>[https://www.scribd.com/doc/57458694/Preventing-Terrorism-Where-Next-for-Britain-Quilliam-Foundation Quilliam "Preventing Terrorism: where next for Britain?"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117202203/https://www.scribd.com/doc/57458694/Preventing-Terrorism-Where-Next-for-Britain-Quilliam-Foundation |date=17 November 2015 }}: p. 59</ref> Also said to have Islamist sympathies or to be associated with Islamist groups were the [[Islamic Human Rights Commission]],<ref name=guardian1/><ref name=telegraph1/> the [[Federation of Student Islamic Societies]],<ref name=telegraph1/> the [[Cordoba Foundation]],<ref name=telegraph1/> and the [[Islam Channel]].<ref name=guardian1/>

The report said of these organisations: "These are a selection of the various groups and institutions active in the UK which are broadly sympathetic to Islamism. Whilst only a small proportion will agree with al-Qaida's tactics, many will agree with their overall goal of creating a single 'Islamic state' which would bring together all Muslims around the world [[Caliphate#Islamic call|under a single government]] and then impose on them a single interpretation of [[sharia]] as state law."<ref name=guardian1/><ref name=telegraph1/> Politicians described by the report as "Islamist-backed" included [[Salma Yaqoob]], then leader of the [[Respect Party]], and [[George Galloway]], also from Respect.<ref name=telegraph1/> [[Inayat Bunglawala]], chairman of Muslims4Uk and a former spokesman for the Muslim Council of Britain, and Fatima Khan, vice-chair of the Muslim Safety Forum, both described Quilliam's list as "[[McCarthyite]]".<ref name=guardian1/><ref name=telegraph1/> Bunglawala added: "In effect, Quilliam – a body funded very generously by the government through Prevent – are attempting to set themselves up as arbiters of who is and is not an acceptable Muslim."<ref name=telegraph1/>

A [[Home Office]] spokesman told the press that the report had not been solicited, but added: "We believe the Prevent programme isn't working as effectively as it could and want a strategy that is effective and properly focused – that is why we are reviewing it."<ref name=guardian1/><ref name=telegraph1/>

Nawaz told ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'': "Quilliam has a track record of distinguishing between legal tolerance and civil tolerance – we oppose banning non-[[Violent extremism|violent extremists]] ... yet we see no reason why tax payers should subsidise them. It is in this context that we wish to raise {{sic|awareness |hide=y|around}} Islamism."<ref name=telegraph1/>

===2013: English Defence League controversy===
On 8 October 2013, it was announced that the co-founders of the [[English Defence League]] (EDL), [[Tommy Robinson]] and Kevin Carroll, had had meetings with Quilliam and intended to leave the EDL. Robinson said that street protests were "no longer effective" and "acknowledged the dangers of [[far-right politics|far-right extremism]]". However, he also said that he intended to continue to combat radical Islamism by forming a new party. Both Robinson and Carroll began taking lessons in Islam from Quilliam member [[Usama Hasan]], and stated their intention to train in lobbying institutions.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/edl-leader-tommy-robinson-turns-his-back-on-his-own-party-over-dangers-of-farright-extremism-8866177.html | title=EDL leader Tommy Robinson turns his back on his own party over 'dangers of far-right extremism' | work=The Independent | date=8 October 2013 | access-date=8 October 2013 | author=Milmo, Cahal | location=London | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131009191138/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/edl-leader-tommy-robinson-turns-his-back-on-his-own-party-over-dangers-of-farright-extremism-8866177.html | archive-date=9 October 2013 | url-status=live }}</ref> However, in December 2015 Robinson, who founded the anti-Islamic organisation [[Pegida UK]] after leading the EDL, claimed that Quilliam had paid him a total of around £8000 over a period of six months so they could take credit for his exit from the EDL, although he said that he had already decided to leave the movement before coming into contact with Quilliam. Quilliam subsequently acknowledged that they had paid Robinson, although they characterised the payments as remuneration "for costs associated with outreach that he & Dr Usama Hassan did to Muslim communities after Tommy's departure from the EDL".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2015/12/03/tommy-robinson-claims-quilliam-paid-him-to-leave-edl_n_8710834.html |title=Tommy Robinson, Former EDL Leader, Claims Quilliam Paid Him To Quit Far-Right Group |last1=Hopkins |first1=Steven |date=10 December 2015 |website=[[Huffington Post]] |access-date=28 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161016004510/http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2015/12/03/tommy-robinson-claims-quilliam-paid-him-to-leave-edl_n_8710834.html |archive-date=16 October 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Quilliam had previously persuaded another member of the EDL, Nick Jode, to leave the EDL. Jode had been persuaded by the writings and on-line videos of [[Maajid Nawaz]] speaking on behalf of Quilliam, being particularly impressed by Nawaz's debate with [[Anjem Choudary]] of the Islamist group [[Islam4UK]].<ref name=vice/>

===2016: Dispute with Southern Poverty Law Center===
{{See also|Maajid Nawaz#SPLC claim}}

In October 2016, the U.S. [[Southern Poverty Law Center]] accused Nawaz of being an "anti-Muslim extremist". In June 2018, the SPLC apologised and paid $3.375 million to Nawaz and Quilliam "to fund their work to fight anti-Muslim bigotry and extremism".<ref>{{cite web |title=Statement regarding Maajid Nawaz and Quilliam Foundation |url=https://www.splcenter.org/news/2018/06/18/splc-statement-regarding-maajid-nawaz-and-quilliam-foundation |website=SPLCenter.org |publisher=SPLC |access-date=18 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180618150811/https://www.splcenter.org/news/2018/06/18/splc-statement-regarding-maajid-nawaz-and-quilliam-foundation |archive-date=18 June 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://lawandcrime.com/lawsuit/southern-poverty-law-center-must-3-3-million-payout-after-falsely-naming-anti-muslim-extremists/|title=Southern Poverty Law Center Must Pay $3.3 Million After Falsely Naming Anti-Muslim Extremists|work=Law & Crime|author=Matt Naham|date=18 June 2018|access-date=19 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180619163901/https://lawandcrime.com/lawsuit/southern-poverty-law-center-must-3-3-million-payout-after-falsely-naming-anti-muslim-extremists/|archive-date=19 June 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>

===2021: Dissolution===
The Quilliam Foundation Ltd was put into liquidation on 9 April 2021.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk/company/06432342/insolvency |title=THE QUILLIAM FOUNDATION LTD |website=Companies House |access-date=2 May 2021}}</ref> The same day, Nawaz posted on [[Twitter]]: "Due to the hardship of maintaining a non-profit during [[COVID-19 pandemic|COVID]] lockdowns, we took the tough decision to close Quilliam down for good. This was finalised today. A huge thank you to all those who supported us over the years. We are now looking forward to a new post-covid future".<ref name="MacDonald">{{cite news|url=https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/uk-quilliam-foundation-controversial-counter-extremist-closes|title=Quilliam: British 'counter-extremist' group closes citing lack of funds|last=MacDonald|first=Alex|date=9 April 2021|work=[[Middle East Eye]]|access-date=9 April 2021}}</ref>

==Funding==
When Quilliam launched in 2007, the [[Home Office]] provided it with £674,608 of funding.<ref name="nafeez">{{cite news|url=https://bylinetimes.com/2021/05/11/the-charmed-life-and-strange-sad-death-of-the-quilliam-foundation/|title=The Charmed Life and Strange, Sad Death of the Quilliam Foundation|last=Ahmed|first=Nafeez|date=11 May 2021|work=[[Byline Times]]|access-date=13 February 2023|language=en-GB}}</ref> In January 2009, ''[[The Times]]'' published an article claiming that Quilliam had received almost £1 million from the British government. The article also said that some "members of the Government and the Opposition" had questioned the wisdom of "relying too heavily on a relatively unknown organisation … to counter extremism".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/government-gives-pound1m-to-anti-extremist-think-tank-quilliam-foundation-h2fzrg8lxcc|title=Government gives £1m to anti-extremist think-tank Quilliam Foundation|work=The Times|date=20 January 2009|location=London|first=Richard|last=Kerbaj|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110815120729/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/politics/article5549138.ece|archive-date= 15 August 2011|url-status= live}}</ref>

From 2011 onwards, Quilliam received no government, i.e. "public", funding.<ref name=bbcRussell/> In the BBC programme ''[[HARDtalk]]'', Nawaz explained that "the reason it was cut was because we disagreed at the time with the direction the government was headed. Now that the strategy has changed, and the policy of government has changed, what we ''haven't'' done is revitalize those funding relationships; but rather now we're 100% privately funded, which I'm happy with because of course it allows me to do the work without having to face the questions about which government is funding you and whether we're pursuing a government line or not."<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xCmGD1R4Ijg BBC Hard Talk, 14 August 2012] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160128070644/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xCmGD1R4Ijg |date=28 January 2016 }}: video from 21:14.</ref>

With the sudden cut in 2011, Quilliam operated at a loss that year.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2013/oct/12/tommy-robinson-quilliam-foundation-questions-motivation|title=Tommy Robinson link with Quilliam Foundation raises questions|last=Quinn|first=Ben|work=The Guardian|date=12 October 2013|access-date=3 November 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131031214845/http://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2013/oct/12/tommy-robinson-quilliam-foundation-questions-motivation|archive-date=31 October 2013|url-status=live}}</ref>

According to its political liaison officer, Jonathan Russell, the removal of public funding has been to Quilliam's advantage, as "it can remain ideas-focused, non-partisan and continue its own pursuits."<ref name=bbcRussell>{{cite web |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/0/24706419|title=Perspectives: The Quilliam Foundation – fighting extremism|first=Jonathan|last=Russell|publisher=BBC Religion & Ethics|date=29 October 2013 |access-date=3 November 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131031220331/http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/0/24706419|archive-date=31 October 2013|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2012, the foundation received $75,000 from the Lynde and Harry Bradley Foundation, which funds the [[David Horowitz Freedom Center]].<ref name="Griffin">{{cite web|title=The problem with the Quilliam Foundation|url=https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/opendemocracyuk/problem-with-quilliam-foundation/|last=Griffin|first=Tom|date=7 November 2016|access-date=5 October 2021|website=[[openDemocracy]]|language=en}}</ref> Quilliam also won a grant of over $1 million from the [[John Templeton Foundation]].<ref name="Bouattia">{{cite web|last=Bouattia|first=Malia|date=20 April 2021|title=The Quilliam Foundation has closed but its toxic legacy remains|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/opinions/2021/4/20/the-quilliam-foundation-has-closed-but-its-toxic-legacy-remains|access-date=23 April 2021|website=Al Jazeera|language=en}}</ref><ref name="georgetown">{{cite web |title=Quilliam {{!}} Factsheet: Islam, Muslims, Islamophobia |author=Bridge Initiative Team |date=19 May 2021 |url=https://bridge.georgetown.edu/research/factsheet-quilliam/ |website=Bridge Initiative |access-date=7 June 2021}}</ref>

The organisation also received £35,000 from banker and [[Chairman of the BBC|BBC chairman]], [[Richard Sharp (BBC chairman)|Richard Sharp]] via his charity, the Sharp Foundation.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.middleeasteye.net/opinion/richard-sharp-qulliam-new-bbc-chairman-donations-questions|title=Richard Sharp's donations to Quilliam raise questions about his BBC chairmanship|last=Oborne|first=Peter|date=13 January 2021|website=Middle East Eye|accessdate=14 February 2023}}</ref> When asked why he did this, Sharp said he was impressed by Quilliam's "efforts to combat radicalism and extremism".<ref>{{cite news|author=MEE staff|title=BBC chair donated to Quilliam because he was 'impressed' by Maajid Nawaz |url=http://www.middleeasteye.net/news/uk-bbc-chair-richard-sharp-donated-qulliam-maajid-nawaz-impressed|date=13 January 2021|access-date=9 April 2021|website=Middle East Eye}}</ref>

==Controversies==
===Criticism of its tactics===
Despite Quilliam's claims to oppose extremism of any kind, it had numerous critics. According to Alex MacDonald in ''[[Middle East Eye]]'', the organisation was "regularly accused [...] of authoritarianism as well as targeting Muslim groups across the UK and tarring them with the "extremist" label with little evidence."<ref name="MacDonald"/> In October 2009, ''[[The Guardian]]'' revealed that Husain was in favour of Muslims being spied upon by the British state even if they were not suspected of committing crimes; Husain is quoted as saying, "It is gathering intelligence on people not committing terrorist offences. If it is to prevent people getting killed and committing terrorism, it is good and it is right."<ref>{{cite news|last=Dodd|first=Vikram|date=16 October 2009|title=Spying morally right, says thinktank|url=http://www.theguardian.com/uk/2009/oct/16/spying-morally-right-says-thinktank|access-date=9 April 2021|website=The Guardian|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/terrorism-in-the-uk/6353035/Anti-extremism-scheme-spying-on-muslims.html|title=Anti-extremism scheme 'spying on Muslims'|last=Hough|first=Andrew|date=17 October 2009|work=The Daily Telegraph|access-date=9 April 2021|url-access=subscription}}</ref> [[Douglas Murray (author)|Douglas Murray]] described this attitude as 'appallingly illiberal'.<ref>{{cite web|date=23 October 2009|title=Quilliam's toxic take on liberty |last=Murray |first=Douglas |url=http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2009/oct/23/quilliam-islamic-fundamentalists-terrorism|access-date=9 April 2021|website=The Guardian|language=en}}</ref>

[[Sayeeda Warsi]], the first female Muslim member of a British Cabinet, described Quilliam in her book ''The Enemy Within'' (2017) as "a bunch of men whose beards are tame, accents crisp, suits sharp, and who have a message the government wants to hear".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.middleeasteye.net/columns/what-sayeeda-warsis-tell-all-tells-us-about-tory-party-1369883076|last=Oborne|first=Peter|author-link=Peter Oborne|date=6 May 2017|website=Middle East Eye|title=Moral of Warsi: Tories can't cope with Muslims|access-date=3 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170613041955/http://www.middleeasteye.net/columns/what-sayeeda-warsis-tell-all-tells-us-about-tory-party-1369883076|archive-date=13 June 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>

After Quilliam folded in April 2021, [[Malia Bouattia]], former president of the [[National Union of Students (United Kingdom)|National Union of Students]], stated that "for 13 years Quilliam reinforced the idea that Muslims are a suspect community and supported the draconian “counter-terrorism” policies being pushed by the government." She claimed the foundation "leaves behind a toxic legacy, which will continue to harm the Muslim community in the United Kingdom and beyond."<ref name="Bouattia"/>

===Henry Jackson Society===
Quilliam worked with the [[Henry Jackson Society]],<ref>{{cite news|date=22 May 2017|title=HJS welcomes new Senior Research Fellow at Centre for the Response to Radicalisation and Terrorism|url=https://henryjacksonsociety.org/media-centre/hjs-welcomes-new-senior-research-fellow-at-centre-for-the-response-to-radicalisation-and-terrorism/|access-date=5 October 2021|website=Henry Jackson Society|language=en-GB}}</ref> a [[neoconservative]] think tank whose Associate Director, Douglas Murray, supported the [[2003 invasion of Iraq]]<ref>{{cite news|title=The Spectator is now plumbing the depths of desperation while trying to defend Israel|url=https://www.thecanary.co/opinion/2021/05/22/the-spectator-is-now-plumbing-the-depths-of-desperation-while-trying-to-defend-israel/|date=22 May 2021|last=Bolton|first=Peter|access-date=5 October 2021|website=[[The Canary (website)|The Canary]]|language=en-GB}}</ref> and has described Islamophobia as "a crock".<ref name="georgetown"/> In 2006, Murray also called for an end to "all immigration into Europe from Muslim countries".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/mehdi-hasan/douglas-murray-edl-dodgy-videos-me_b_3675193.html|title=Douglas Murray, the EDL, Dodgy Videos and Me|last=Hasan|first=Mehdi|date=30 July 2013|work=[[HuffPost|HuffPost UK]]|accessdate=5 October 2021}}</ref>

===Grooming gangs===
{{main| Muslim grooming gangs in the United Kingdom}}

In December 2017, Quilliam released a report entitled "Group Based Child Sexual Exploitation – Dissecting Grooming Gangs", concluding that 84% of offenders were of South Asian heritage.<ref>{{cite news|last=Barnes|first=Tom|date=10 December 2017|title=British-Pakistani researchers say grooming gangs are 84% Asian|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/quilliam-grooming-gangs-report-asian-abuse-rotherham-rochdale-newcastle-a8101941.html|access-date=16 December 2020|website=[[The Independent]]}}</ref> This report was fiercely criticised for its poor methodology by Ella Cockbain and Waqas Tufail, in their paper "Failing victims, fuelling hate: challenging the harms of the 'Muslim grooming gangs' narrative" which was published in January 2020.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Cockbain|first1=Ella|last2=Tufail|first2=Waqas|date=1 January 2020|title=Failing victims, fuelling hate: challenging the harms of the 'Muslim grooming gangs' narrative|url=https://doi.org/10.1177/0306396819895727|journal=Race & Class|language=en|volume=61|issue=3|pages=3–32|doi=10.1177/0306396819895727|s2cid=214197388|issn=0306-3968}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Malik|first=Kenan|date=11 November 2018|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2018/nov/11/84-per-cent-of-grooming-gangs-are-asians-we-dont-know-if-that-figure-is-right|title=We're told 84% of grooming gangs are Asian. But where's the evidence?|work=The Guardian|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201225190032/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2018/nov/11/84-per-cent-of-grooming-gangs-are-asians-we-dont-know-if-that-figure-is-right|archive-date=25 December 2020|access-date=25 December 2020}}</ref> In December that year, a further report by the [[Home Office]] was released, showing that the majority of CSE gangs were, in fact, composed of white men.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/944206/Group-based_CSE_Paper.pdf|title=Group-based Child Sexual Exploitation: Characteristics of Offending|date=December 2020|publisher=[[Home Office]]}}</ref><ref name="Grierson"/>

<blockquote>Research has found that group-based child sexual exploitation offenders are most commonly white. Some studies suggest an overrepresentation of black and Asian offenders relative to the demographics of national populations. However, it is not possible to conclude that this is representative of all group-based CSE offending.
:– [[Home Office]]<ref name="Grierson">{{cite news|last=Grierson|first=Jamie|date=15 December 2020|title=Most child sexual abuse gangs made up of white men, Home Office report says|language=en-GB|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2020/dec/15/child-sexual-abuse-gangs-white-men-home-office-report|access-date=16 December 2020|issn=0261-3077}}</ref></blockquote>

Writing in ''[[The Guardian]]'', Cockbain and Tufail wrote of the report that "The two-year study by the Home Office makes very clear that there are no grounds for asserting that Muslim or Pakistani-heritage men are disproportionately engaged in such crimes, and, citing our research, it confirmed the unreliability of the Quilliam claim".<ref name="ecwt">{{cite news|last1=Cockbain|first1=Ella|last2=Tufail|first2=Waqas|date=19 December 2020|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/dec/19/home-office-report-grooming-gangs-not-muslim|title=A new Home Office report admits grooming gangs are not a 'Muslim problem'|work=The Guardian|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201219232051/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/dec/19/home-office-report-grooming-gangs-not-muslim|access-date=19 December 2020|archive-date=19 December 2020}}</ref>

===Focus on Islamism===
In ''[[openDemocracy]]'', Tom Griffin criticised Nawaz for focusing on Islamism, and for defending "[[counterjihad]]" figures like [[Robert B. Spencer|Robert Spencer]], [[Pamela Geller]] and [[Frank Gaffney]].<ref name="Griffin"/>

<blockquote>The emergence of the counterjihad movement had previously been noted in the journal of the [[Royal United Services Institute]] as early as 2008. The most comprehensive study of the US counterjihad movement, Fear Inc., by the [[Center for American Progress]], identified its key activists including Frank Gaffney of the [[Center for Security Policy]] and David Horowitz of the David Horowitz Freedom Center, both conspiracy theorists who have claimed [[Hillary Clinton]] aide [[Huma Abedin]] is an agent of the [[Muslim Brotherhood]]; as well as Pamela Gellar and Robert Spencer, the co-founders of Stop the Islamization of America. These in turn were funded by a small number of key conservative foundations such as the [[Donors Capital Fund]], the [[Scaife Foundations]], the [[Lynde and Harry Bradley Foundation]] and the Abstraction Fund.</blockquote>

==See also==
* [[Democracy in the Middle East]]
* [[Islamic Modernism]]

== Citations ==
{{Reflist}}

== General and cited references ==
* {{cite book | last= Nawaz| first= Maajid|author2=Tom Bromley | year=2012|title= Radical| location= London| publisher= W.H. Allen| isbn= 978-0753540770| title-link= Radical: My Journey out of Islamist Extremism}}

==External links==
* {{Official website|http://www.quilliaminternational.com/}}
* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/7360652.stm Ex-extremists call for 'Western Islam' – The Launch of the Quilliam Foundation]
* [http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/politics/article5549138.ece Government gives £1m to anti-extremist think-tank]
* [http://www.lyonspress.com/radical-9780762791361 ''Radical'', Maajid Nawaz's autobiography – publisher's page] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131010152319/http://lyonspress.com/radical-9780762791361 |date=10 October 2013 }}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Quilliam (Think Tank)}}
[[Category:2008 establishments in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Faith and theology think tanks based in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Islamic organisations based in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Islamic political organizations]]
[[Category:Islamic political websites]]
[[Category:Liberal and progressive movements within Islam]]
[[Category:Organizations disestablished in 2021]]
[[Category:Political advocacy groups in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Religious organisations based in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Think tanks based in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Think tanks established in 2008]]

Talk:Killing of Tofazzal Hossain

2024-09-22T23:46:46Z

Vinegarymass911: /* Part of */

{{WikiProject banner shell|
{{WikiProject Bangladesh|importance=low}}
}}

== Part of ==

@[[User:Vinegarymass911|Vinegarymass911]]@[[User:SummeRStorM79|SummeRStorM79]]@[[User:Arijit Kisku|Arijit Kisku]], Hey i just want to get a heads up. Should we put this article as part of [[Violence of Bangladesh Chhatra League]], as from six, five of the convicts are former [[Chhatra League|BCL]] members and leaders. ''(References from reliable sources:[https://www.observerbd.com/news/491187 1][https://www.jugantor.com/national/855124 2][https://www.jaijaidinbd.com/education/492399 3])'' [[User:Bruno pnm ars|Bruno pnm ars]] ([[User talk:Bruno pnm ars|talk]]) 17:38, 22 September 2024 (UTC)
:Your sources mention former Bangladesh Chhatra League, from which the one person who held any post resigned and joined the anti-discrimination student movement. So I would say no.[[User:Vinegarymass911|Vinegarymass911]] ([[User talk:Vinegarymass911|talk]]) 18:21, 22 September 2024 (UTC)
::None of the three articles that i provided contain any references indicating an association between the convicts mentioned and the [[Anti-discrimination Students Movement]]. The only relevant mention comes from ''[[The Daily Observer (Bangladesh)|The Daily Observer]]'', which notes that a singular individual{{efn|Jalal Mia}} participated in the quota reform protests during the mid-stage of the [[2024 Bangladesh quota reform movement|quota protests]]. However, I believe it would be prudent to wait and consider others' perspectives on the matter before drawing any conclusions. [[User:Bruno pnm ars|Bruno pnm ars]] ([[User talk:Bruno pnm ars|talk]]) 18:53, 22 September 2024 (UTC)
:::Literally the second source, https://www.jugantor.com/national/855124, mentions it.[[User:Vinegarymass911|Vinegarymass911]] ([[User talk:Vinegarymass911|talk]]) 23:46, 22 September 2024 (UTC)
:@[[User:Bruno pnm ars|Bruno pnm ars]] Um, I don't have enough knowledge on the subject, so I would defer to other experienced editors. I just made a couple grammar edits, that's about as far as my skills range, @ least in regards to this article. Thanks for mentioning me, though! [[User:SummeRStorM79|SummeRStorM79]] ([[User talk:SummeRStorM79|talk]]) 18:57, 22 September 2024 (UTC)

Talk:Killing of Tofazzal Hossain

2024-09-22T18:21:09Z

Vinegarymass911:

Zaheed Farooque

2024-09-22T15:07:25Z

Vinegarymass911: Added content with citation

{{short description|Bangladeshi politician}}
{{Use Bangladeshi English|date=February 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Zaheed Farooque
| native_name = জাহিদ ফারুক
| native_name_lang = bn
| image = Zaheed Farooque Dhaka 2021.jpg
| caption = Farooque in Dhaka (2021)

| office = [[Ministry of Water Resources (Bangladesh)|Minister of State for Water Resources]]
| primeminister = [[Sheikh Hasina]]
| term_start = 7 January 2019
| term_end = 6 August 2024
| predecessor = [[Muhammad Nazrul Islam]]

| constituency_MP1 = [[Barisal-5]]
| parliament1 = Bangladesh
| term_start1 = 5 January 2019
| term_end1 = 6 August 2024
| predecessor1 = [[Jebunnesa Afroz]]

| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1950|11|26|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Bakerganj Upazila|Bakerganj]], [[East Bengal]], [[Dominion of Pakistan|Pakistan]]
| nationality = Bangladeshi
| alma_mater = [[University of Peshawar]]
| party = [[Bangladesh Awami League]]
| allegiance = {{BAN}}
| branch = {{army|Bangladesh}}
| serviceyears = 1977 - 2008
| rank = [[File:Bangladesh-army-OF-5.svg|20px]] [[Colonel]]
| unit = Corps of Electrical Mechanical Engineers
| commands = *Commandant of [[Rajendrapur Cantonment|902nd Central EME Workshop]]
*Commandant of [[Saidpur Cantonment|EME Centre and School]]
}}

'''Zaheed Farooque''' (born 26 November 1950)<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.parliament.gov.bd/index.php/en/mps/members-of-parliament/current-mp-s/list-of-11th-parliament-members-english?layout=edit&id=3683&csrt=3862232099603825691|title=Constituency 123_11th_En|website=Bangladesh Parliament|access-date=2020-03-28}}</ref> is a [[Bangladesh Awami League]] politician. He is a former [[Ministry of Water Resources (Bangladesh)|State Minister of Water Resources]] and a former [[Jatiya Sangsad]] member representing the [[Barisal-5]] constituency during 2019–2024.{{fact|date=July 2024}}

==Career==
Farooque retired from Bangladesh as a colonel.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-09-22 |title=সাবেক প্রতিমন্ত্রী জাহিদ ফারুক গ্রেপ্তার |url=https://www.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/ib85z8i709 |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=Prothomalo |language=bn}}</ref>

Farooque was elected to parliament on 30 December 2018 from Barisal-5 as a Bangladesh Awami League candidate.<ref>{{cite news |title=Barishal-5 - Constituency detail of Bangladesh General Election 2018 |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/bangladesh-national-election-2018/seats?s=Barishal-5&d=barishal |access-date=24 February 2019 |work=The Daily Star |date=25 November 2018 |language=en}}</ref> He was appointed the State Minister of Water Resources in the [[Fourth Sheikh Hasina Cabinet]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Members of new cabinet announced (Full list) |url=https://www.banglanews24.com/national/article/73335/New-members-of-cabinet-announced-Full-list |access-date=24 February 2019 |work=banglanews24.com |date=6 January 2019 |language=en}}</ref>

On 23 August 2024, charges were filed against him and at least 377 others for their role in an attack on the offices of the [[Bangladesh Nationalist Party]] in [[Barisal]] during the [[Non-cooperation movement (2024)]] on 5 August.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Swapan |first=Anisur Rahman |date=22 August 2024 |title=Case filed against former minister, 377 others for vandalizing BNP office in Barisal |url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/nation/355839/case-filed-against-former-minister-377-others-for |access-date=23 August 2024 |website=Dhaka Tribune}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{commons category}}
{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Farooque, Zaheed}}
[[Category:1950 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Awami League politicians]]
[[Category:11th Jatiya Sangsad members]]
[[Category:State ministers of water resources of Bangladesh]]
[[Category:12th Jatiya Sangsad members]]
[[Category:Bangladesh Army colonels]]
[[Category:Place of birth missing (living people)]]

{{AwamiLeague-politician-stub}}

Mushfiqul Fazal Ansari

2024-09-22T14:59:01Z

Vinegarymass911: ←Redirected page to Mushfiqul Fazal Ansarey

#REDIRECT [[Mushfiqul Fazal Ansarey]]

Talk:Mushfiqul Fazal Ansarey

2024-09-22T14:57:37Z

Vinegarymass911: added project

Mushfiqul Fazal Ansarey

2024-09-22T14:57:17Z

Vinegarymass911: Created page

'''Mushfiqul Fazal Ansarey''' , also spelled '''Mushfiqul Fazal Ansari''', is a Washington DC-based Bangladeshi journalist known for asking questions at the press briefings of the [[United States Department of State]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Chaudhury |first=Dipanjan Roy |date=2024-03-31 |title=Washington-based ex Khaleda Zia aide under spotlight for his queries on Kejriwal |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/washington-based-ex-khaleda-zia-aide-under-spotlight-for-his-queries-on-kejriwal/articleshow/108911042.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2024-09-22 |work=The Economic Times |issn=0013-0389}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=9 November 2023 |title=Khaleda's ex-aide attempts provocation with UP chairman's Haas remark |url=https://en.somoynews.tv/news/2023-11-09/khaleda-s-ex-aide-attempts-provocation-with-up-chairman-s-haas-remark |access-date=22 September 2024 |work=[[Somoy TV]]}}</ref> He is a permanent correspondent of the United Nation headquarters.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-05-19 |title=UN expresses concern over Rozina’s arrest |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/bangladesh/news/un-expresses-concern-over-rozinas-arrest-2094865 |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref> He was the assistant press secretary to Prime Minister [[Khaleda Zia]]. He was a well known critic of former Prime Minister [[Sheikh Hasina]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |date=8 September 2024 |title=Journalist Mushfiqul Fazal Ansarey to return home on Thursday ending decade-long exile |url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/people/357753/journalist-mushfiqul-fazal-ansarey-to-return-home |access-date=22 September 2024 |work=[[Dhaka Tribune]]}}</ref>

== Early life ==
Ansarey was born in [[Sylhet District]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mushfiqul returns home after a decade |url=https://businesspostbd.com/national/mushfiqul-returns-home-after-a-decade |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=businesspostbd.com |language=en}}</ref> His uncle was [[Harris Chowdhury]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=4 May 2023 |title=Khaleda’s ex-assistant press secretary at it again |url=https://en.somoynews.tv/news/2024-09-22/BL2QyIMP |work=[[Somoy TV]]}}</ref> Ansarey was a member of the [[Bangladesh Jatiotabadi Chatra Dal]].<ref name=":0" />

==Career==
From 2001 to 2006, Ansarey was the assistant press secretary to Prime Minister Khaleda Zia.<ref name=":1" /> He was part of the delegation led by Harris Chowdhury, political secretary to Prime Minister Khaleda Zia, that negotiated with Bangladesh Non-government Primary Teachers Association to end their hunger strike in June 2006.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2 June 2006 |title=Primary teachers end hunger strike |url=https://archive.thedailystar.net/2006/06/02/d60602011811.htm |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=The Daily Star}}</ref> The delegation also included [[Taimur Alam Khandaker|Taimur Alam Khandakar]] and Shamsul Alam, Assistant Private Secretary of Prime Minister Khaleda Zia.<ref name=":2" /> In October 2006, he was part of the delegation which brought a letter of congratulations to Muhammad Yunus from Prime Minister Khaleda Zia on winning the [[Nobel Peace Prize]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 October 2006 |title=PM's felicitation letter handed over to Yunus |url=https://archive.thedailystar.net/2006/10/15/d61015012413.htm |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=The Daily Star}}</ref>

Ansarey was part of a 2011 delegation let by former Prime Minister Khaleda Zia to the United States and United Kingdom in 2011 which also included [[Abdul Awal Mintoo]], Maruf Kamal Khan, Nooruddin Ahmed, Sabiuddin Ahmed, [[Shafik Rehman]], Shimul Biswas, and [[Shamsher M. Chowdhury]].<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=2011-06-01 |title=BNP claims of US fund threat |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-188130 |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-05-13 |title=Khaleda leaves tomorrow for London |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-185477 |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref> After the tour, the delegation claimed the United States will suspend contributions to Bangladesh under the Millennium Development Accounts until the government resolves its issues with [[Muhammad Yunus]].<ref name=":3" />

Ansarey was an anchor on [[Bangladesh Television]].<ref name=":1" /> He was a reporter of [[The Daily Ittefaq]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Suman |first=Rakib Hasnet |last2=Siddiquee |first2=Iqbal |last3=Sylhet |first3=from |date=2010-02-07 |title=Sylhet grassroots see Tarique adoration |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-125231 |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref> On 7 February 2010, he conducted a grassroot meeting of Bangladesh Nationalist Party activists in Sylhet District where the coordinator was [[M Ilyas Ali]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Suman |first=Rakib Hasnet |last2=Siddiquee |first2=Iqbal |last3=Sylhet |first3=from |date=2010-02-07 |title=Sylhet grassroots see Tarique adoration |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-125231 |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref> He hosted the show Hello Excellency on [[NTV (Bangladeshi TV channel)|NTV]] in which he interviewed foreign diplomats in 2012.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-06-07 |title=“Hello Excellency”, featuring diplomats, on ntv tonight |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-237208 |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref>

Ansarey went into exile to the United States during the rule of Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina in January 2015 in face of government oppression.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mushfiqul returns home after a decade {{!}} News |url=https://www.bssnews.net/news/209654 |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=BSS}}</ref>

Ansary is an accredited White House and United Nations correspondent.<ref name=":1" /> He is the chief news editor of JustNewsBD.<ref name=":1" /> He would raise questions about lack of fair elections in Bangladesh at the State Department.<ref name=":0" /> He was criticised in Bangladesh for his questions to State Department spokesman Mathew Miller which started with ''"Bangladesh PM said US wants to grab [[Saint Martin (Bangladesh)|Saint Martin]]"''.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=2023-07-02 |title=Media people, academics denounce misinformation involving PM Hasina |url=https://en.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/grledisuim |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=Prothomalo |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Media people, academics denounce misinformation involving PM Hasina |url=https://today.thefinancialexpress.com.bd/politics-policies/media-people-academics-denounce-misinformation-involving-pm-hasina-1688315517 |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=The Financial Express |language=en}}</ref> [[AAMS Arefin Siddique]], former vice-chancellor of the [[University of Dhaka]], called it a ''"textbook case of propaganda peddling"''.<ref name=":4" /> Foreign Hasan Mahmud referred to him as ''"paid by BNP"'' and accused him of deliberately leading questions about Bangladesh.<ref>{{Cite news |date=21 May 2024 |title=Hasan: Someone paid by BNP deployed at US State Dept briefings |url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/foreign-affairs/347086/hasan-someone-paid-by-bnp-deployed-at-us-state |access-date=22 September 2024 |work=[[Dhaka Tribune]]}}</ref>

In November 2022, [[Counter Terrorism and Transnational Crime]] of Bangladesh Police sued Ansarey under the Digital Security Act along with Pinaki Bhattacharya and Mofizur Rahman.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-17 |title=Pinaki Bhattacharya sued under DSA |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news/bangladesh/crime-justice/news/pinaki-bhattacharya-sued-under-dsa-3172266 |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref> The case was shifted to the Dhaka Cyber Tribunal in April 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-04-28 |title=DSA case against Pinaki Bhattachary shifted to Dhaka tribunal |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news/bangladesh/crime-justice/news/dsa-case-against-pinaki-bhattachary-shifted-dhaka-tribunal-3597311 |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref>

Ansary is the executive director of South Asia Perspectives while the editor is [[William Milam]], former US ambassador to Bangladesh, and editor at large is [[Jon F. Danilowicz]], former deputy chief of the US embassy in Bangladesh.<ref name=":1" /> State Minister for Foreign Affairs of Bangladesh, [[Shahriar Alam (politician)|Shahriar Alam]], criticized the South Asia Perspectives describing it as being funded by the [[Bangladesh Nationalist Party]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-08-12 |title=Shahriar Alam questions role of ex-US diplomats William Milam, Jon Danilowicz |url=https://www.tbsnews.net/bangladesh/shahriar-alam-questions-role-ex-us-diplomats-william-milam-jon-danilowicz-681434 |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=The Business Standard |language=en}}</ref> He is also a board member of the Right to Freedom along with William Milam and Jon F. Danilowicz.<ref>{{Cite web |last=UNB |date=2024-08-31 |title=Priority should be given to reforms, fair polls: Webinar |url=https://en.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/wy2yquwf9t |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=Prothomalo |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Board Of Directors |url=https://www.rtof.org/board-of-directors/ |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=Right to Freedom |language=en-US}}</ref>

Ansarey returned to Bangladesh in September 2024 following the resignation of Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina in September 2024.<ref name=":1" /> The pro-[[Bangladesh Nationalist Party]] fraction of the [[Bangladesh Federal Union of Journalists]] and [[Dhaka Union of Journalists]] hosted him at the [[Jatiya Press Club]].<ref name=":1" /> He met with former Prime Minister Khaleda Zia after returning to Bangladesh.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=Journalist Mushfiq meets Khaleda Zia |url=https://businesspostbd.com/national/journalist-mushfiq-meets-khaleda-zia |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=The Business Post |language=en}}</ref> [[The Business Post]] called him "''fervent advocate for press freedom and renowned for his fearless journalism''".<ref name=":5" />

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ansarey, Mushfiqul Fazal}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Bangladeshi journalists]]
[[Category:Bangladesh Nationalist Party politicians]]
[[Category:People from Sylhet District]]

M Ilyas Ali

2024-09-22T14:28:59Z

Vinegarymass911: ←Redirected page to Ilias Ali (Bangladeshi politician)

#REDIRECT [[Ilias Ali (Bangladeshi politician)]]

Saint Martin (Bangladesh)

2024-09-22T13:52:42Z

Vinegarymass911: ←Redirected page to St. Martin's Island

#REDIRECT [[St. Martin's Island]]

Jon F. Danilowicz

2024-09-22T13:32:02Z

Vinegarymass911: /* Career */ ce

'''Jon F. Danilowicz''' is a retired American diplomat of the Department of State.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jon Danilowicz – SOUTH ASIA PERSPECTIVES – SAP |url=https://www.saperspectives.net/author/jon-danilowicz/ |access-date=2024-09-22 |language=en-US}}</ref> He is the [[Diplomats in Residence|Diplomat in Residence]] for New England providing career advice for college students in the diplomatic service.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jon Danilowicz {{!}} The Frederick S. Pardee School of Global Studies |url=https://www.bu.edu/pardeeschool/tag/jon-danilowicz/ |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=www.bu.edu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Pardee Works: Danilowicz on Foreign Service Careers {{!}} The Frederick S. Pardee School of Global Studies |url=https://www.bu.edu/pardeeschool/2017/09/21/pardee-works-danilowicz-on-careers-at-the-state-department-2/ |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=www.bu.edu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Connecticut |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/map/218933.htm |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=U.S. Department of State}}</ref> He was the deputy chief of mission of the Embassy of the United States of America in Bangladesh.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-10-28 |title=Group art exhibition at Gallery Cosmos-2 |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news/group-art-exhibition-at-gallery-cosmos-2 |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=bdnews24.com |title=No change in US visa policy |url=https://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/no-change-in-us-visa-policy |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=No change in US visa policy |language=en}}</ref> He was the ''Charge d'Affaires ad interim'' of the United States Embassy in South Sudan.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Juba |first=U. S. Embassy |date=2021-01-08 |title=Statement on Recent Events at the U.S. Capitol |url=https://ss.usembassy.gov/statement-on-recent-events-at-the-u-s-capitol/ |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=U.S. Embassy in South Sudan |language=en-US}}</ref> He was the US consul general in Peshawar.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-12-16 |title=USAID re-launches small grants programme for Fata, KP |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1151163 |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=DAWN.COM |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life ==
Danilowicz graduated from Saint John's High School in [[Shrewsbury, Massachusetts]] in 1985.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Jon Danilowicz |url=https://www.linkedin.com/in/jon-danilowicz/ |access-date=21 September 2024 |website=[[LinkedIn]]}}</ref> He graduated from the [[Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service]] of the [[Georgetown University]] with a Bachelor of Science in Foreign Service in 1989.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Jon Danilowicz, "Careers in the U.S. State Department" |url=https://events.bc.edu/event/jon_danilowicz_careers_in_the_us_state_department |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=Boston College Events |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> He did his master's degree in National Security Studies at the Naval War College.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Jon Danilowicz |url=https://www.rtof.org/jon-danilowicz/ |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=Right to Freedom |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Career==
From July 2003 to July 2006, Danilowicz was the Director of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs Section in Panama City, Panama.<ref name=":0" /> He was the State Department Faculty Advisor of the [[Naval War College]] from August 2006 to July 2007.<ref name=":0" /> From September 2007 to August 2011, he was the political/economic counselor at the United States Embassy in Bangladesh.<ref name=":0" /> From September 2011 to September 2012, he was the Director of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs Section in Pakistan.<ref name=":0" />

Danilowicz was the deputy chief of mission at the [[Embassy of the United States, Dhaka]] serving under Ambassador [[Dan Mozena|Dan W Mozena]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Foreign Service Professional in Residence: Jon F. Danilowicz, Diplomat in Residence for New England, U.S. Department of State {{!}} The Institute of Politics at Harvard University |url=https://iop.harvard.edu/events/foreign-service-professional-residence-jon-f-danilowicz-diplomat-residence-new-england-us |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=iop.harvard.edu |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Unb |first=Dhaka |date=2014-06-30 |title=Kerry Kennedy visits |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/kerry-kennedy-visits-31052 |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref> He worked with the government to Bangladesh to sign the Trade and Investment Cooperation Forum Agreement for cooperation between Bangladesh and United States.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Zaman |first=Sheikh Shahariar |date=19 June 2013 |title=US 'very happy' over Ticfa endorsement |url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/bangladesh-others/29022/us-very-happy-over-ticfa-endorsement |access-date=21 September 2024 |work=[[Dhaka Tribune]]}}</ref> He attended an iftar party of [[Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami]] in July 2014; the first major event of party after [[Awami League]] government closed their office after coming to power.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Miazee |first=Manik |date=2 July 2014 |title=Jamaat breaks low profile with Iftar party |url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/politics/70222/jamaat-breaks-low-profile-with-iftar-party |access-date=21 September 2024 |work=[[Dhaka Tribune]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami |url=https://jamaat-e-islami.org/en/article-details.php?category=91&article=314 |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=jamaat-e-islami.org}}</ref> According to [[The Daily Star (Bangladesh)|The Daily Star]], ''"During his current assignment in Bangladesh, Jon played a crucial role in the political arena and all eyes were always focused on him"''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-12-29 |title=US diplomat Jon Danilowicz transferred to Peshawar from Dhaka |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/us-diplomat-jon-danilowicz-transferred-to-peshawar-from-dhaka-4505 |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref> He is fluent in Bengali.<ref name=":1" /> From 2014 to 2015, he was the Consul General at the United States Consulate General in Peshawar, Pakistan.<ref name=":2" />

From July 17, 2020, to August 2021, Danilowicz was the ''Charge d'Affaires ad interim'' of the [[Embassy of the United States, Juba]] in South Sudan.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-11-14 |title=New US Diplomat: South Sudan Policy Unlikely to Change |url=https://www.voaafrica.com/a/africa_south-sudan-focus_new-us-diplomat-south-sudan-policy-unlikely-change/6198369.html |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=Voice of America |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Diplomatic representation from the US - The World Factbook |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/about/archives/2021/field/diplomatic-representation-from-the-us/ |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=www.cia.gov}}</ref>

Danilowicz stood for the town committee election in Auburn, Massachusetts and received 840 votes in March 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 March 2004 |title=TOTAL TALLY SHEET |url=https://www.auburnma.gov/DocumentCenter/View/13892/Unofficial-Results-3-5-2024-PDF?bidId= |access-date=21 September 2024 |website=[[Auburn, Massachusetts]]}}</ref>

Danilowicz is editor at large for the South Asia Perspectives, edited by [[William Milam]] and [[Mushfiqul Fazal Ansarey]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=About – SOUTH ASIA PERSPECTIVES – SAP |url=https://www.saperspectives.net/about/ |access-date=2024-09-22 |language=en-US}}</ref> He the founding editor at large of the South Asia Perspectives launched in January 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Why South Asia Perspectives? – SOUTH ASIA PERSPECTIVES – SAP |url=https://www.saperspectives.net/redeeming-democratic-south-asia-a-tall-order-2/ |access-date=2024-09-22 |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Shahriar Alam (politician)|Md Shahriar Alam]], State Minister for Foreign Affairs, criticized him for working at the South Asia Perspectives describing it as being funded by the [[Bangladesh Nationalist Party]], and affiliation with Mushfiqul Fazal Ansarey.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-08-12 |title=Shahriar Alam questions role of ex-US diplomats William Milam, Jon Danilowicz |url=https://www.tbsnews.net/bangladesh/shahriar-alam-questions-role-ex-us-diplomats-william-milam-jon-danilowicz-681434 |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=The Business Standard |language=en}}</ref> He was critical of Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina of Bangladesh and Biden congratulating her after her controversial election in 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Charlie Brown and Lucy in Bangladesh – SOUTH ASIA PERSPECTIVES – SAP |url=https://www.saperspectives.net/charlie-brown-and-lucy-in-bangladesh/ |access-date=2024-09-22 |language=en-US}}</ref> He is also a board member of the Right to Freedom along with William Milam and Mushfiqul Fazal Ansarey.<ref>{{Cite web |last=UNB |date=2024-08-31 |title=Priority should be given to reforms, fair polls: Webinar |url=https://en.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/wy2yquwf9t |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=Prothomalo |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Board Of Directors |url=https://www.rtof.org/board-of-directors/ |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=Right to Freedom |language=en-US}}</ref>

After the resignation of Prime Minister [[Sheikh Hasina]] and the fall of [[Awami League]] government he provided some suggestions, such as asserting control over Bangladesh Army and not to set a deadline like the [[Fakhruddin Ahmed]] led Caretaker government, for the [[Muhammad Yunus]] led [[Interim government of Muhammad Yunus|interim government]] in the [[South Asia Perspectives]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Elevator Speech for Bangladesh’s Interim Government – SOUTH ASIA PERSPECTIVES – SAP |url=https://www.saperspectives.net/elevator-speech-for-bangladeshs-interim-governmen/ |access-date=2024-09-22 |language=en-US}}</ref> He also expected improvements in the US-Bangladesh relationship and stated that the previous government had warmed to China to deflect criticism of its democracy and human rights record.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Danilowicz |first=Jon |date=14 September 2024 |title=The United States and Bangladesh: Looking backward, looking forward |url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/opinion/op-ed/358412/the-united-states-and-bangladesh-looking |access-date=22 September 2024 |work=[[Dhaka Tribune]]}}</ref> He was also critical of India for supporting Sheikh Hasina comparing to United States support [[Mohammad Reza Pahlavi]] of Iran.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Shih |first=Gerry |last2=Nakashima |first2=Ellen |last3=Hudson |first3=John |date=2024-08-15 |title=India pressed U.S. to go easy on Bangladeshi leader before her ouster, officials say |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2024/08/15/india-bangladesh-sheikh-hasina/ |access-date=2024-09-22 |work=Washington Post |language=en-US |issn=0190-8286}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Danilowicz, Jon F.}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:21st-century American diplomats]]
[[Category:United States Foreign Service personnel]]
[[Category:Georgetown University alumni]]
[[Category:People from Auburn, Massachusetts]]
[[Category:Naval War College alumni]]
[[Category:Naval War College faculty]]

Jon F. Danilowicz

2024-09-22T04:32:24Z

Vinegarymass911: /* References */ added link

'''Jon F. Danilowicz''' is a retired American diplomat of the Department of State.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jon Danilowicz – SOUTH ASIA PERSPECTIVES – SAP |url=https://www.saperspectives.net/author/jon-danilowicz/ |access-date=2024-09-22 |language=en-US}}</ref> He is the [[Diplomats in Residence|Diplomat in Residence]] for New England providing career advice for college students in the diplomatic service.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jon Danilowicz {{!}} The Frederick S. Pardee School of Global Studies |url=https://www.bu.edu/pardeeschool/tag/jon-danilowicz/ |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=www.bu.edu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Pardee Works: Danilowicz on Foreign Service Careers {{!}} The Frederick S. Pardee School of Global Studies |url=https://www.bu.edu/pardeeschool/2017/09/21/pardee-works-danilowicz-on-careers-at-the-state-department-2/ |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=www.bu.edu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Connecticut |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/map/218933.htm |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=U.S. Department of State}}</ref> He was the deputy chief of mission of the Embassy of the United States of America in Bangladesh.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-10-28 |title=Group art exhibition at Gallery Cosmos-2 |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news/group-art-exhibition-at-gallery-cosmos-2 |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=bdnews24.com |title=No change in US visa policy |url=https://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/no-change-in-us-visa-policy |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=No change in US visa policy |language=en}}</ref> He was the ''Charge d'Affaires ad interim'' of the United States Embassy in South Sudan.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Juba |first=U. S. Embassy |date=2021-01-08 |title=Statement on Recent Events at the U.S. Capitol |url=https://ss.usembassy.gov/statement-on-recent-events-at-the-u-s-capitol/ |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=U.S. Embassy in South Sudan |language=en-US}}</ref> He was the US consul general in Peshawar.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-12-16 |title=USAID re-launches small grants programme for Fata, KP |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1151163 |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=DAWN.COM |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life ==
Danilowicz graduated from Saint John's High School in [[Shrewsbury, Massachusetts]] in 1985.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Jon Danilowicz |url=https://www.linkedin.com/in/jon-danilowicz/ |access-date=21 September 2024 |website=[[LinkedIn]]}}</ref> He graduated from the [[Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service]] of the [[Georgetown University]] with a Bachelor of Science in Foreign Service in 1989.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Jon Danilowicz, “Careers in the U.S. State Department” |url=https://events.bc.edu/event/jon_danilowicz_careers_in_the_us_state_department |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=Boston College Events |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> He did his masters in National Security Studies at the Naval War College.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Jon Danilowicz |url=https://www.rtof.org/jon-danilowicz/ |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=Right to Freedom |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Career==
From July 2003 to July 2006, Danilowicz was the Director of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs Section in Panama City, Panama.<ref name=":0" /> He was the State Department Faculty Advisor of the [[Naval War College]] from August 2006 to July 2007.<ref name=":0" /> From September 2007 to August 2011, he was the political/economic counselor at the United States Embassy in Bangladesh.<ref name=":0" /> From September 2011 to September 2012, he was the Director of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs Section in Pakistan.<ref name=":0" />

Danilowicz was the deputy chief of mission at the [[Embassy of the United States, Dhaka]] serving under Ambassador [[Dan Mozena|Dan W Mozena]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Foreign Service Professional in Residence: Jon F. Danilowicz, Diplomat in Residence for New England, U.S. Department of State {{!}} The Institute of Politics at Harvard University |url=https://iop.harvard.edu/events/foreign-service-professional-residence-jon-f-danilowicz-diplomat-residence-new-england-us |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=iop.harvard.edu |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Unb |first=Dhaka |date=2014-06-30 |title=Kerry Kennedy visits |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/kerry-kennedy-visits-31052 |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref> He worked with the government to Bangladesh to sign the Trade and Investment Cooperation Forum Agreement for cooperation between Bangladesh and United States.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Zaman |first=Sheikh Shahariar |date=19 June 2013 |title=US 'very happy' over Ticfa endorsement |url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/bangladesh-others/29022/us-very-happy-over-ticfa-endorsement |access-date=21 September 2024 |work=[[Dhaka Tribune]]}}</ref> He attended an iftar party of [[Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami]] in July 2014; the first major event of party after [[Awami League]] government closed their office after coming to power.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Miazee |first=Manik |date=2 July 2014 |title=Jamaat breaks low profile with Iftar party |url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/politics/70222/jamaat-breaks-low-profile-with-iftar-party |access-date=21 September 2024 |work=[[Dhaka Tribune]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami |url=https://jamaat-e-islami.org/en/article-details.php?category=91&article=314 |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=jamaat-e-islami.org}}</ref> According to [[The Daily Star (Bangladesh)|The Daily Star]], ''"During his current assignment in Bangladesh, Jon played a crucial role in the political arena and all eyes were always focused on him"''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-12-29 |title=US diplomat Jon Danilowicz transferred to Peshawar from Dhaka |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/us-diplomat-jon-danilowicz-transferred-to-peshawar-from-dhaka-4505 |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref> He is fluent in Bengali.<ref name=":1" /> From 2014 to 2015, he was the Consul General at the United States Consulate General in Peshawar, Pakistan.<ref name=":2" />

From July 17, 2020 to August 2021, Danilowicz was the ''Charge d'Affaires ad interim'' of the [[Embassy of the United States, Juba]] in South Sudan.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-11-14 |title=New US Diplomat: South Sudan Policy Unlikely to Change |url=https://www.voaafrica.com/a/africa_south-sudan-focus_new-us-diplomat-south-sudan-policy-unlikely-change/6198369.html |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=Voice of America |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Diplomatic representation from the US - The World Factbook |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/about/archives/2021/field/diplomatic-representation-from-the-us/ |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=www.cia.gov}}</ref>

Danilowicz stood for the town committee election in Auburn, Massachusetts and received 840 votes in March 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 March 2004 |title=TOTAL TALLY SHEET |url=https://www.auburnma.gov/DocumentCenter/View/13892/Unofficial-Results-3-5-2024-PDF?bidId= |access-date=21 September 2024 |website=[[Auburn, Massachusetts]]}}</ref>

Danilowicz is editor at large for the South Asia Perspectives, edited by [[William Milam]] and [[Mushfiqul Fazal Ansarey]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=About – SOUTH ASIA PERSPECTIVES – SAP |url=https://www.saperspectives.net/about/ |access-date=2024-09-22 |language=en-US}}</ref> He the founding editor at large of the South Asia Perspectives launched in January 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Why South Asia Perspectives? – SOUTH ASIA PERSPECTIVES – SAP |url=https://www.saperspectives.net/redeeming-democratic-south-asia-a-tall-order-2/ |access-date=2024-09-22 |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Shahriar Alam (politician)|Md Shahriar Alam]], State Minister for Foreign Affairs, criticized for working at the South Asia Perspectives describing it as being funded by the [[Bangladesh Nationalist Party]], and affiliation with Mushfiqul Fazal Ansarey.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-08-12 |title=Shahriar Alam questions role of ex-US diplomats William Milam, Jon Danilowicz |url=https://www.tbsnews.net/bangladesh/shahriar-alam-questions-role-ex-us-diplomats-william-milam-jon-danilowicz-681434 |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=The Business Standard |language=en}}</ref> He was critical of Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina of Bangladesh and Biden congratulating her after her controversial election in 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Charlie Brown and Lucy in Bangladesh – SOUTH ASIA PERSPECTIVES – SAP |url=https://www.saperspectives.net/charlie-brown-and-lucy-in-bangladesh/ |access-date=2024-09-22 |language=en-US}}</ref> He is also a board member of the Right to Freedom along with William Milam and Mushfiqul Fazal Ansarey.<ref>{{Cite web |last=UNB |date=2024-08-31 |title=Priority should be given to reforms, fair polls: Webinar |url=https://en.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/wy2yquwf9t |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=Prothomalo |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Board Of Directors |url=https://www.rtof.org/board-of-directors/ |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=Right to Freedom |language=en-US}}</ref>

After the resignation of Prime Minister [[Sheikh Hasina]] and the fall of [[Awami League]] government he provided some suggestions, such as asserting control over Bangladesh Army and not to set a deadline like the [[Fakhruddin Ahmed]] led Caretaker government, for the [[Muhammad Yunus]] led [[Interim government of Muhammad Yunus|interim government]] in the [[South Asia Perspectives]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Elevator Speech for Bangladesh’s Interim Government – SOUTH ASIA PERSPECTIVES – SAP |url=https://www.saperspectives.net/elevator-speech-for-bangladeshs-interim-governmen/ |access-date=2024-09-22 |language=en-US}}</ref> He also expected improvements in the US-Bangladesh relationship and stated that the previous government had warmed to China to deflect criticism of its democracy and human rights record.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Danilowicz |first=Jon |date=14 September 2024 |title=The United States and Bangladesh: Looking backward, looking forward |url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/opinion/op-ed/358412/the-united-states-and-bangladesh-looking |access-date=22 September 2024 |work=[[Dhaka Tribune]]}}</ref> He was also critical of India for supporting Sheikh Hasina comparing to United States support [[Mohammad Reza Pahlavi]] of Iran.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Shih |first=Gerry |last2=Nakashima |first2=Ellen |last3=Hudson |first3=John |date=2024-08-15 |title=India pressed U.S. to go easy on Bangladeshi leader before her ouster, officials say |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2024/08/15/india-bangladesh-sheikh-hasina/ |access-date=2024-09-22 |work=Washington Post |language=en-US |issn=0190-8286}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Danilowicz, Jon F.}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:21st-century American diplomats]]
[[Category:United States Foreign Service personnel]]
[[Category:Georgetown University alumni]]
[[Category:People from Auburn, Massachusetts]]
[[Category:Naval War College alumni]]
[[Category:Naval War College faculty]]

Jon Danilowicz

2024-09-22T04:32:05Z

Vinegarymass911: ←Redirected page to Jon F. Danilowicz

#REDIRECT [[Jon F. Danilowicz]]

Talk:Jon F. Danilowicz

2024-09-22T04:29:49Z

Vinegarymass911: added project

Jon F. Danilowicz

2024-09-22T04:29:31Z

Vinegarymass911: Created page

'''Jon F. Danilowicz''' is a retired American diplomat of the Department of State.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jon Danilowicz – SOUTH ASIA PERSPECTIVES – SAP |url=https://www.saperspectives.net/author/jon-danilowicz/ |access-date=2024-09-22 |language=en-US}}</ref> He is the [[Diplomats in Residence|Diplomat in Residence]] for New England providing career advice for college students in the diplomatic service.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jon Danilowicz {{!}} The Frederick S. Pardee School of Global Studies |url=https://www.bu.edu/pardeeschool/tag/jon-danilowicz/ |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=www.bu.edu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Pardee Works: Danilowicz on Foreign Service Careers {{!}} The Frederick S. Pardee School of Global Studies |url=https://www.bu.edu/pardeeschool/2017/09/21/pardee-works-danilowicz-on-careers-at-the-state-department-2/ |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=www.bu.edu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Connecticut |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/map/218933.htm |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=U.S. Department of State}}</ref> He was the deputy chief of mission of the Embassy of the United States of America in Bangladesh.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-10-28 |title=Group art exhibition at Gallery Cosmos-2 |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news/group-art-exhibition-at-gallery-cosmos-2 |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=bdnews24.com |title=No change in US visa policy |url=https://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/no-change-in-us-visa-policy |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=No change in US visa policy |language=en}}</ref> He was the ''Charge d'Affaires ad interim'' of the United States Embassy in South Sudan.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Juba |first=U. S. Embassy |date=2021-01-08 |title=Statement on Recent Events at the U.S. Capitol |url=https://ss.usembassy.gov/statement-on-recent-events-at-the-u-s-capitol/ |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=U.S. Embassy in South Sudan |language=en-US}}</ref> He was the US consul general in Peshawar.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-12-16 |title=USAID re-launches small grants programme for Fata, KP |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1151163 |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=DAWN.COM |language=en}}</ref>

== Early life ==
Danilowicz graduated from Saint John's High School in [[Shrewsbury, Massachusetts]] in 1985.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Jon Danilowicz |url=https://www.linkedin.com/in/jon-danilowicz/ |access-date=21 September 2024 |website=[[LinkedIn]]}}</ref> He graduated from the [[Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service]] of the [[Georgetown University]] with a Bachelor of Science in Foreign Service in 1989.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Jon Danilowicz, “Careers in the U.S. State Department” |url=https://events.bc.edu/event/jon_danilowicz_careers_in_the_us_state_department |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=Boston College Events |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> He did his masters in National Security Studies at the Naval War College.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Jon Danilowicz |url=https://www.rtof.org/jon-danilowicz/ |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=Right to Freedom |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Career==
From July 2003 to July 2006, Danilowicz was the Director of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs Section in Panama City, Panama.<ref name=":0" /> He was the State Department Faculty Advisor of the [[Naval War College]] from August 2006 to July 2007.<ref name=":0" /> From September 2007 to August 2011, he was the political/economic counselor at the United States Embassy in Bangladesh.<ref name=":0" /> From September 2011 to September 2012, he was the Director of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs Section in Pakistan.<ref name=":0" />

Danilowicz was the deputy chief of mission at the [[Embassy of the United States, Dhaka]] serving under Ambassador [[Dan Mozena|Dan W Mozena]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Foreign Service Professional in Residence: Jon F. Danilowicz, Diplomat in Residence for New England, U.S. Department of State {{!}} The Institute of Politics at Harvard University |url=https://iop.harvard.edu/events/foreign-service-professional-residence-jon-f-danilowicz-diplomat-residence-new-england-us |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=iop.harvard.edu |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Unb |first=Dhaka |date=2014-06-30 |title=Kerry Kennedy visits |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/kerry-kennedy-visits-31052 |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref> He worked with the government to Bangladesh to sign the Trade and Investment Cooperation Forum Agreement for cooperation between Bangladesh and United States.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Zaman |first=Sheikh Shahariar |date=19 June 2013 |title=US 'very happy' over Ticfa endorsement |url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/bangladesh-others/29022/us-very-happy-over-ticfa-endorsement |access-date=21 September 2024 |work=[[Dhaka Tribune]]}}</ref> He attended an iftar party of [[Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami]] in July 2014; the first major event of party after [[Awami League]] government closed their office after coming to power.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Miazee |first=Manik |date=2 July 2014 |title=Jamaat breaks low profile with Iftar party |url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/politics/70222/jamaat-breaks-low-profile-with-iftar-party |access-date=21 September 2024 |work=[[Dhaka Tribune]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami |url=https://jamaat-e-islami.org/en/article-details.php?category=91&article=314 |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=jamaat-e-islami.org}}</ref> According to [[The Daily Star (Bangladesh)|The Daily Star]], ''"During his current assignment in Bangladesh, Jon played a crucial role in the political arena and all eyes were always focused on him"''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-12-29 |title=US diplomat Jon Danilowicz transferred to Peshawar from Dhaka |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/us-diplomat-jon-danilowicz-transferred-to-peshawar-from-dhaka-4505 |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref> He is fluent in Bengali.<ref name=":1" /> From 2014 to 2015, he was the Consul General at the United States Consulate General in Peshawar, Pakistan.<ref name=":2" />

From July 17, 2020 to August 2021, Danilowicz was the ''Charge d'Affaires ad interim'' of the [[Embassy of the United States, Juba]] in South Sudan.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-11-14 |title=New US Diplomat: South Sudan Policy Unlikely to Change |url=https://www.voaafrica.com/a/africa_south-sudan-focus_new-us-diplomat-south-sudan-policy-unlikely-change/6198369.html |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=Voice of America |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Diplomatic representation from the US - The World Factbook |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/about/archives/2021/field/diplomatic-representation-from-the-us/ |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=www.cia.gov}}</ref>

Danilowicz stood for the town committee election in Auburn, Massachusetts and received 840 votes in March 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 March 2004 |title=TOTAL TALLY SHEET |url=https://www.auburnma.gov/DocumentCenter/View/13892/Unofficial-Results-3-5-2024-PDF?bidId= |access-date=21 September 2024 |website=[[Auburn, Massachusetts]]}}</ref>

Danilowicz is editor at large for the South Asia Perspectives, edited by [[William Milam]] and [[Mushfiqul Fazal Ansarey]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=About – SOUTH ASIA PERSPECTIVES – SAP |url=https://www.saperspectives.net/about/ |access-date=2024-09-22 |language=en-US}}</ref> He the founding editor at large of the South Asia Perspectives launched in January 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Why South Asia Perspectives? – SOUTH ASIA PERSPECTIVES – SAP |url=https://www.saperspectives.net/redeeming-democratic-south-asia-a-tall-order-2/ |access-date=2024-09-22 |language=en-US}}</ref> Md Shahriar Alam, State Minister for Foreign Affairs, criticized for working at the South Asia Perspectives describing it as being funded by the [[Bangladesh Nationalist Party]], and affiliation with Mushfiqul Fazal Ansarey.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-08-12 |title=Shahriar Alam questions role of ex-US diplomats William Milam, Jon Danilowicz |url=https://www.tbsnews.net/bangladesh/shahriar-alam-questions-role-ex-us-diplomats-william-milam-jon-danilowicz-681434 |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=The Business Standard |language=en}}</ref> He was critical of Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina of Bangladesh and Biden congratulating her after her controversial election in 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Charlie Brown and Lucy in Bangladesh – SOUTH ASIA PERSPECTIVES – SAP |url=https://www.saperspectives.net/charlie-brown-and-lucy-in-bangladesh/ |access-date=2024-09-22 |language=en-US}}</ref> He is also a board member of the Right to Freedom along with William Milam and Mushfiqul Fazal Ansarey.<ref>{{Cite web |last=UNB |date=2024-08-31 |title=Priority should be given to reforms, fair polls: Webinar |url=https://en.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/wy2yquwf9t |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=Prothomalo |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Board Of Directors |url=https://www.rtof.org/board-of-directors/ |access-date=2024-09-22 |website=Right to Freedom |language=en-US}}</ref>

After the resignation of Prime Minister [[Sheikh Hasina]] and the fall of [[Awami League]] government he provided some suggestions, such as asserting control over Bangladesh Army and not to set a deadline like the [[Fakhruddin Ahmed]] led Caretaker government, for the [[Muhammad Yunus]] led [[Interim government of Muhammad Yunus|interim government]] in the [[South Asia Perspectives]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Elevator Speech for Bangladesh’s Interim Government – SOUTH ASIA PERSPECTIVES – SAP |url=https://www.saperspectives.net/elevator-speech-for-bangladeshs-interim-governmen/ |access-date=2024-09-22 |language=en-US}}</ref> He also expected improvements in the US-Bangladesh relationship and stated that the previous government had warmed to China to deflect criticism of its democracy and human rights record.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Danilowicz |first=Jon |date=14 September 2024 |title=The United States and Bangladesh: Looking backward, looking forward |url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/opinion/op-ed/358412/the-united-states-and-bangladesh-looking |access-date=22 September 2024 |work=[[Dhaka Tribune]]}}</ref> He was also critical of India for supporting Sheikh Hasina comparing to United States support [[Mohammad Reza Pahlavi]] of Iran.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Shih |first=Gerry |last2=Nakashima |first2=Ellen |last3=Hudson |first3=John |date=2024-08-15 |title=India pressed U.S. to go easy on Bangladeshi leader before her ouster, officials say |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2024/08/15/india-bangladesh-sheikh-hasina/ |access-date=2024-09-22 |work=Washington Post |language=en-US |issn=0190-8286}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Danilowicz, Jon F.}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Year of birth missing (living people)]]
[[Category:21st-century American diplomats]]
[[Category:United States Foreign Service personnel]]
[[Category:Georgetown University alumni]]
[[Category:People from Auburn, Massachusetts]]
[[Category:Naval War College alumni]]
[[Category:Naval War College faculty]]

William Milam

2024-09-22T04:08:23Z

Vinegarymass911: Added content with citation

{{Short description|American diplomat}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific-prefix =
| name = William Milam
| image = William Milam - State 1996-01- Iss 395 (IA sim state-magazine 1996-01 395) (page 8 crop).jpg
| caption =
| order =
| ambassador_from = United States
| country = Bangladesh
| term_start = June 27, 1990
| term_end = October 9, 1993
| predecessor = [[Willard Ames De Pree]]
| successor = [[David Nathan Merrill]]
| president = [[George H. W. Bush]]
| ambassador_from1 = United States
| country1 = Pakistan
| term_start1 = August 3, 1998
| term_end1 = July 6, 2001
| predecessor1 = [[Thomas W. Simons]]
| successor1 = [[Wendy Jean Chamberlin]]
| president1 = [[Bill Clinton]]
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1936|07|24}}
| birth_place = [[Bisbee, Arizona]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| spouse =
| children =
| alma_mater = [[Stanford University]]; [[University of Michigan]]
| party =
| profession =
| religion =
| footnotes =
}}

'''William Bryant Milam''' (born July 24, 1936) is an American diplomat, and is Senior Policy Scholar at the [[Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars]] in Washington, D.C.<ref>{{cite web|title=William Milan|url=http://www.wilsoncenter.org/staff/william-milam|publisher=Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars|accessdate=13 February 2013}}</ref>

==Life==
Born in [[Bisbee, Arizona]], Milam grew up in [[Sacramento]], [[California]] and currently resides in Washington, D.C.. He received an A.B. from [[Stanford University]] and an M.A. in [[economics]] from the [[University of Michigan]].

==Foreign service career==
Milam was a career diplomat entering the foreign service in 1962.<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 January 2004 |title=The Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign Affairs Oral History Project AMBASSADOR WILLIAM B. MILAM |url=https://adst.org/OH%20TOCs/Milam.William.B..pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240629021726/https://adst.org/OH%20TOCs/Milam.William.B..pdf |archive-date=29 June 2024 |access-date=29 July 2024 |website=Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training}}</ref> He retired from the [[United States Foreign Service]] at the end of July 2001 but was recalled after September 11, and spent nine months helping to set up the multilateral mechanism for the reconstruction of [[Afghanistan]]. He was also recalled to serve as interim ''Charge d'Affairs'' at the United States Embassy in Tripoli, Libya, prior to the re-establishment of a permanent American ambassadorial post to Libya.
His last post before retirement was as [[United States Ambassador to Pakistan|Ambassador to the Islamic Republic of Pakistan]] where he served from August 1998 to July 2001.

Milam served as U.S. Chief of Mission in [[Liberia]] from November 8, 1995 to August 23, 1998. During his tenure in Liberia, the seven-year [[First Liberian Civil War|civil war]] was brought to an end, free and transparent elections held, and a new democratically elected government took office. He was U.S. Ambassador to Bangladesh from August 1990 to October 1993, and during that time witnessed the great strides that country made toward more complete democratization. From November 1993 to September 1995 he was U.S. Special Negotiator for Environmental and Scientific Affairs at the [[Department of State]]. In that capacity, he led the U.S. delegation that negotiated the [[United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification|1994 Desertification Treaty]].

Prior to his appointment to Bangladesh, Ambassador Milam was Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for International Finance and Development with responsibility for international finance and development issues, including debt and investment, as well as intellectual property protection. He represented the United States at the [[Paris Club]], the international forum for rescheduling official debt.

In his earlier diplomatic career, Milam served in [[Martinique]], [[French West Indies]]; a previous tour in Liberia; in London, and in [[Yaoundé]], [[Cameroon]]. His earlier Washington assignments included African affairs, international finance, and international energy policy.
From the Department of State, Ambassador Milam received the [[James Clement Dunn]] Award, as the outstanding Class I officer (1981) and a [[Superior Honor Award]] (1983). He received a Presidential Meritorious Service Award (1990) and a Presidential Award for Outstanding Service (1991).

Milam also writes monthly op-ed columns for Pakistan's ''[[Daily Times (Pakistan)|Daily Times]]'' newspaper. Milam is editor of [[South Asia Perspectives]], whose editor at large is [[Jon F. Danilowicz]] and [[Mushfiqul Fazal Ansarey]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=About – SOUTH ASIA PERSPECTIVES – SAP |url=https://www.saperspectives.net/about/ |access-date=2024-09-22 |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Works==
*{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JrF2fUx6te0C&q=Bangladesh+and+Pakistan:+Flirting+with+Failure+in+South+Asia|title=Bangladesh and Pakistan: Flirting with Failure in South Asia|publisher=Columbia University Press|year=2009|isbn=9780231700665}};<ref>{{cite news |last=Ahsan |first=Syed Badrul |author-link=Syed Badrul Ahsan |date=September 8, 2012 |title=Two countries, their dictators, their politics |newspaper=The Star |url=http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=248791 |accessdate=13 February 2013 |quote=Milam certainly provides a brilliant study of the modes of dictatorial rule which have at critical moments marred the chances for democracy in Bangladesh and Pakistan.}}</ref>
*"Bangladesh and the Burdens of History," ''Current History,'' April 2007, vol. 106, No. 699, pp 153–160;
* "Liberia", ''Political Finance in Post-Conflict Societies'', Center for Transitional and Post-Conflict Governance, USAID, May 2006.

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*{{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20031019073326/http://www.wilsoncenter.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=sf.profile&person_id=17852 |date=October 19, 2003 |title=William Milam Biography }}, Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars.
*[https://fas.org/news/pakistan/1999/991112-pak-usia1.htm Islam and America], Presented to the American Studies Conference, [[Islamabad]], 5 November 1999
*{{C-SPAN|9266371}}

{{start box}}
{{s-dip}}
{{succession box | before = [[Willard Ames De Pree]] | title =[[United States Ambassador to Bangladesh]]| years = 1990–1993| after = [[David Nathan Merrill]]}}

{{succession box|title=[[United States Ambassador to Pakistan]]|before=[[Thomas W. Simons Jr.]]|after=[[Wendy Chamberlin]]|years=1998–2001}}
{{end box}}

{{US Ambassadors to Pakistan}}
{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Milam, William}}
[[Category:1936 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Stanford University alumni]]
[[Category:University of Michigan alumni]]
[[Category:Ambassadors of the United States to Pakistan]]
[[Category:Ambassadors of the United States to Bangladesh]]
[[Category:United States Foreign Service personnel]]

Thomas Hushek

2024-09-22T02:40:39Z

Vinegarymass911: link

{{Short description|American diplomat (born 1963)}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Thomas Hushek
| image = [[File:Thomas Hushek 2015.jpg]]
| order = 3rd
| office = United States Ambassador to South Sudan
| president = [[Donald Trump]]
| term_start = April 26, 2018
| term_end = July 17, 2020
| predecessor = [[Mary Catherine Phee]]
| successor = [[Jon F. Danilowicz]], (Chargé d'Affaires)
| birth_date = {{Birth year and age|1963}}
| birth_place = [[Wisconsin]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| spouse =
| children =
| alma_mater = [[University of Wisconsin]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|B.A.]]) [[Columbia University]] ([[Master of International Affairs|MIA]])
}}

'''Thomas J. Hushek''' (born 1963)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.allgov.com/news/top-stories/ambassador-to-south-sudan-who-is-thomas-hushek-170829?news=860291|title=Ambassador to South Sudan: Who Is Thomas Hushek?|last=|first=|date= August 29, 2017|publisher=allgov.com|access-date=August 7, 2019 |language=en}}</ref> is an American diplomat who served as the [[United States Ambassador to South Sudan]] from 2018 to 2020.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://ss.usembassy.gov/our-relationship/our-ambassador/|title=Ambassador Thomas Hushek|last=|first=|date=|website=[[State Department]]|access-date=August 7, 2019|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.linkedin.com/in/tom-hushek-66a067158|title=Tom Hushek|last=|first=|date=|website=[[LinkedIn]]|access-date=August 7, 2019|language=en}}</ref>

==Education==
Hushek received a [[Bachelor of Arts]] degree in [[political science]] from the [[University of Wisconsin]] and a [[Master of International Affairs]] in [[human rights]] and [[Soviet studies]] from [[Columbia University]].<ref name=":1" />

==Career==
Hushek is a career member of the [[Senior Foreign Service]]. He has been working for the [[United States Department of State|State Department]] since 1988. He has served at multiple capacities including being the [[Deputy Chief of Mission]] at the U.S. Mission to the [[International Organizations]] in [[Vienna]], Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary in the [[Bureau of Conflict and Stabilization Operations]] and has worked in U.S. embassies in Micronesia, Russia and Tajikistan.<ref name=":0" />

===United States Ambassador to South Sudan===
On August 3, 2017, Hushek was nominated as the [[United States Ambassador to South Sudan]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://trumpwhitehouse.archives.gov/presidential-actions/president-donald-j-trump-announces-intent-nominate-personnel-key-administration-posts/|title=President Donald J. Trump Announces Intent to Nominate Personnel to Key Administration Posts|last=|first=|date=August 3, 2017|access-date=August 7, 2019 |via=[[NARA|National Archives]]|work=[[whitehouse.gov]]|language=en}}</ref> On April 26, 2018, the [[United States Senate|Senate]] confirmed his nomination by [[voice vote]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.congress.gov/nomination/115th-congress/872|title=PN872 – Thomas J. Hushek – Department of State|last=|first=|date=April 26, 2018|website=[[United States Congress]]|access-date=August 7, 2019|language=en}}</ref> His mission terminated on July 17, 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Thomas J. Hushek – People – Department History – Office of the Historian |url=https://history.state.gov/departmenthistory/people/hushek-thomas-j |access-date=2021-01-20 |website=history.state.gov}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Hushek speaks [[Russian language|Russian]] and [[Persian language|Persian]].

==See also==
*[[List of ambassadors appointed by Donald Trump]]

== References ==
{{reflist|30em}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-dip}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Mary Catherine Phee]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[United States Ambassador to South Sudan]]|years=2018–2020}}
{{s-aft|after=Jon F. Danilowicz [[Chargé d'Affaires]]}}
{{s-end}}
{{US Ambassadors to South Sudan}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hushek, Thomas}}
[[Category:1963 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Ambassadors of the United States to South Sudan]]
[[Category:United States Foreign Service personnel]]
[[Category: University of Wisconsin–Madison College of Letters and Science alumni]]
[[Category:21st-century American diplomats]]
[[Category:School of International and Public Affairs, Columbia University alumni]]

User:Vinegarymass911/sandbox

2024-09-20T20:16:40Z

Vinegarymass911:

{{User sandbox}}


* [[Jahurul Islam (entrepreneur)]] founded [[Islam Group]] which after his death divided into [[Navana Group]], [[Eastern Housing Limited]], and [[Aftab Group]].
*[[Operation Dabanal]]
* [[Cigarette packets in Bangladesh]]
* [[Illicit drug use in Bangladesh]]
*Chargé d'Affaires [[Judith Chammas]]
*[[Prison in Bangladesh]]
*[[Imam Training Academy]]
*[[Sudha Sadan]]
*[[Overseas Correspondents Association Bangladesh]]
*[[Crime Reporters' Association of Bangladesh]]
*[[National Media Institute]]
*[[Bangladesh Freedom Foundation]]
*[[Jessore DOHS]]
*[[Chittagong DOHS]]
*[[Designated Reference Institute for Chemical Measurements]]
*[[Bangladesh Reference Institute for Chemical Measurements]]
*[[Institute of Mining, Mineralogy and Metallurgy, BCSIR]]
*[[Leather Research Institute, Savar]]
*[[Equity and Entrepreneurship Fund]]
*[[Jagannath Hall tragedy]]
*[[Eastern Chemical Industries Limited]]
*[[Tabani Beverage Company Limited]]
*[[United Tobacco Company Limited]]
*[[Bangladesh Glass Industries Limited]]
*[[Horodeo Glass and Aluminum]]
*[[Bengal National Tannery]]
*[[National Tannery]]
*[[Particle Board Veneering Plant]]
*[[Bangladesh Can Company Limited]]
*[[Arco Industries Limited]]
*[[Tiger Wire Products Limited]]
*[[SAF Industries Limited]]
*[[Dhaka Match Factory Limited]]
*[[Bangladesh Foreign Exchange Dealers' Association]]
*[[Sammilito Ainjibi Samannoy Parishad]]
*[[Jatiyatabadi Ainjibi Oikya Panel]]
*[[Dhaka Bar Association]]

== Peeps ==

* [[Abul Khayer Hiru]]
* [[Md. Maksudur Rahman Patwary]]
* Dr. [[Syed Md. Golam Faruk]]
* [[Md. Khalilur Rahman]] secretary
* [[O. N. Siddiqua Khanam]]
*Additional deputy commissioner [[Fazlul Karim Khan]]
*[[Khandokar Shamsuddin Ahmed]]
*Colonel [[Didarul Alam (army officer)|Didarul Alam]]

== Palestine ==

* [[Mauritius–Palestine relations]]
* [[Mauritania–Palestine relations]]
* [[Czech Republic–Palestine relations]]
* [[Estonia–Palestine relations]]
* [[Palestine–Taiwan relations]]
* [[Kosovo–Palestine relations]]
* [[Colombia–Palestine relations]]
* [[Palestine–Tajikistan relations]]
* [[Palestine–Yugoslavia relations]]
* [[Palestine–Singapore relations]]
* [[Palestine–Uzbekistan relations]]
* [[Niger–Palestine relations]]
* [[Nepal–Palestine relations]]
* [[North Macedonia–Palestine relations]]
* [[Latvia–Palestine relations]]

*

'''Companies:'''

* [[Urea Fertiliser Factory Limited]] in Ghorashal
* [[Polash Urea Fertiliser Factory]]
* [[Panchagar Sugar Mills Limited]]
* [[Thakurgaon Sugar Mills Limited]]
* [[Setabgonj Sugar Mills Limited]]
* [[Rangpur Sugar Mills Limited]]
* [[North Bengal Sugar Mills Limited]]
* [[Pabna Sugar Mill Limited]]
* [[Rajshahi Sugar Mills Limited]]
* [[Zeal Bangla Sugar Mills Limited]]
* [[DAP Fertilizer Company Limited]]
* [[Dhaka Match Industries Company Limited]]
*''[[Bangladesh Honda Private Limited]]''
*[[Alauddin Sweets]]
*[[Bangladesh Ship Breakers Association]]
*[[Amin Mohammad Group]]
*[[Amin Mohammad Foundation]]

== Experiment ==

=== No ===

* Justice [[Sharif Uddin Chaklader]]
* Justice [[Syed AB Mahmudul Huq]]
* Justice [[Md Abu Tariq]],

=== Subjects ===

* Justice [[Abdus Salam (judge)|Abdus Salam]]
* Justice [[Abdur Razzak (judge)|Abdur Razzak]]
* Justice [[Khandoker Musa Khaled]]

=== ex ===

* Justice [[Masuk Hossain Ahmed]]

* Justice [[ASM Hossain]]

* Justice [[Mesbah Uddin (judge)|Mesbah Uddin]]
* Justice [[KM Shafiuddin]]
* Justice [[Mansur Ul Haque]]
* Justice [[AK Badrul Haque]]
* Justice [[Mohammad Anwarul Huq]]
* Justice [[Mohammad Hamidul Haque]]

=== More ===

*[[National Human Resource Development Fund]]
*[[Bangladesh Military Contingent Kuwait]]
*[[Operation Reconstruction Kuwait]]
*[[Line System (Assam)|Line System]]
*[[Jayanti Munshi Reza murder]]
*[[Khulna Chamber of Commerce and Industry]]
*On 22 September 2007, [[Bangladesh Chhatra Mukti Andolon]], [[Bangladesh Khilafat Andolan]], [[Hizb ut-Tahrir (Bangladesh)|Hizb ut-Tahrir]], [[Islami Oikya Andolon]], and [[Islami Shasantantra Andolon]] laid siege to the office of the Prothom Alo for publishing cartoon they deemed offensive to Muslims.
*[[Islami Shangha]]
*[[Al Falah A'am Unnayan Shanstha]]
*[[Ulama Anjuman E Al Bayyinat]]
*[[Dawlatul Islam Bangladesh]]
*[[At-Tamkin]]
*[[Tamiruddin-Bangladesh]]
*[[Towhidi Trust]]
*"''The JMB is, however, learnt to be the youth front of the [[Al Mujahideen (Bangladesh)|Al Mujahideen]], the parent organisation that began working in the mid-1990s and still remains obscure.'' ''Jama'atul Jihad, [[Jamaat-ul-Mujahideen Bangladesh|Jama'atul Mujahideen]], [[Ahle Hadith Andolon Bangladesh]] (Ahab), [[Ahle Hadith Jubo Shangha]], [[Jagrata Muslim Janata Bangladesh]] (JMJB), [[Harkatul Jihad]], [[Hezbut Tawheed|Hizbut Tawhid]], [[Tawhidi Janata]], [[Islami Jubo Shangha]], [[Islami Shangha]], [[Al Falah A'am Unnayan Shanstha]] and [[Shahadat-e al Hiqma]] are believed to be missions of the Al Mujahideen.''"<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Daily Star Web Edition Vol. 5 Num 438|url=http://archive.thedailystar.net/2005/08/19/d5081901033.htm|access-date=2021-04-24|website=archive.thedailystar.net}}</ref>
*[[Muslim Millat Bahini]]
*[[Sramajibi Mukti Andalon]]
*[[Bangladesh Sarbahara Party]]
*[[Sarbahara Party]]
*[[Zihadi Party]]
*[[Gana Bahini]]
*[[Chinnamul Communist Party]]

== Conspiracy ==
*Steward [[Mujibur Rahman (steward)|Mujibur Rahman]],
*former LS [[Sultanuddin Ahmad (Leading Seaman)|Sultanuddin Ahmad]],
*LSCDI [[Nur Mohammad (Leading Seaman)|Nur Mohammad]],
*[[Ahmed Fazlur Rahman (civil servant)|Ahmed Fazlur Rahman]] CSP,
*Flight Sergeant [[Mahfiz Ullah (officer)|Mahfiz Ullah]],
*Corporal [[Abdus Samad (corporal)|Abdus Samad]],
*Havildar [[Dalil Uddin]],
*Flight Sergeant [[Md. Fazlul Haq]],
*[[Bidhan Krishna Sen]],
*Subedar [[Abdur Razzaque (Subedar)|Abdur Razzaque]],
*Clerk [[Mujibur Rahman (Clerk)|Mujibur Rahman]],
*Flight Sergeant [[Md. Abdur Razzaque]],
*[[AB Khurshid]],
*Havildar [[Azizul Haq (havildar)|Azizul Haq]],
*[[Mahfuzul Bari]],
*Sergeant [[Shamsul Haq (sergeant)|Shamsul Haq]],
*Shamsul Alam,
*Captain [[Md. Abdul Motaleb]],
*Sergeant [[Abdul Jalil (Bangladeshi)|Abdul Jalil]],
*[[Mahbub Uddin Chowdhury]],
*Lt. [[M Rahman]],
*former Subedar Tajul Islam,
*Ali Reza,

== Police<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Daily Star Web Edition Vol. 5 Num 941 |url=https://archive.thedailystar.net/2007/01/21/d7012101033.htm |access-date=2022-12-01 |website=archive.thedailystar.net}}</ref> ==

* [[Mahfuzul Haq Nuruzzaman]]
* [[S. M. Muniruzzaman]]
* [[Didar Ahmed]]
* [[Awlad Ali Fakir]]
* [[Krishna Bandhu Das]]
* [[Bhanulal Das]]
* [[Nibash Chandra Maji]]
* [[Amulya Bhushan Barua]]

== 15 August ==

* Lance Corporal (retd) Mahbubur Rashid
* Rafiqul Islam (Ada Chacha)
* Retired Squadron Leader Abdullah Al Mamun
* Retired Major Shoeb Md Tariqullah
* Hasina’s cousin Nazibuddin Ahmed
* Deputy Secretary Mostak Ahmed Sentu
* Women Awami League leaders Sufia Begum
* Women Awami League leaders Hasina Mamtaz
* Madaripur Juba League leader Liton Munshi
* Ratan Sikdar from Narayanganj
* Dhaka Mohanagar Rickshaw Shramil League leader Md Hanif
* Nazrul Islam College student Mamun Mridha
* Juba League leaders Aminul Islam
* Jubo League Atik Sarkar
* Jubo League Shamsuddin Abul Kalam Azad
* Swechhasebak League leader Razia Begum
* activist Abdul Kuddus Patwari
* Shramik League activists Nasir Uddin Sardar
* Shramik League activists Abul Kashem
* Shramik League activists Jahid Ali
* Shramik League activists Momin Ali
* Shramik League activists Ishaq Miyah
* Driver Mohammed Abdul Mati
== Bangladesh Rifles Mutiny ==

* Brigadier General [[Md Abdul Bari]]
* Brigadier General [[Zakir Hossain (officer)|Zakir Hossain]], AMC
* Colonel [[Md Mashiur Rahman (officer)|Md Mashiur Rahman]]
* Colonel [[Mohammad Akhtar Hossain]]
* Colonel [[Md Rezaul Kabir]]
* Colonel [[Nafiz Uddin Ahmed]]
* Colonel [[Kazi Emdadul Haque]]
* Colonel [[Samsul Arefin Ahammed]]
* Colonel [[Mohammad Nakibur Rahman]]
* Colonel [[Kazi Moazzem Hossain]]
* Colonel [[Mohammad Emdadul Islam]]
* Colonel [[Md Aftabul Islam]]
* Lieutenant Colonel [[Enshad Ibn Amin]]
* Lieutenant Colonel [[Enayetul Haque]]
* Lieutenant Colonel [[Golam Kibria (officer)|Golam Kibria]]
* Lieutenant Colonel [[Shamsul Azam]]
* Lieutenant Colonel Md Badrul Huda
* Lieutenant Colonel Md Saiful Islam
* Lieutenant Colonel Lutfur Rahman Khan (doctor)
* Lieutenant Colonel Md. Lutfar Rahman
* Lieutenant Colonel Mohammad Sajjadur Rahman
* Lieutenant Colonel Kazi Rabi Rahman (doctor)
* Lieutenant Colonel Mohammad Sajjadur Rahman
* Lieutenant Colonel Kazi Rabi Rahman
* Major Md. Mizanur Rahman
* Major Mahbubur Rahman
* Major Md Makbul Hossain
* Major Md Abdus Salam Khan
* Major Hossain Sohel Shahnewaz
* Major Kazi Mosaddek Hossain
* Major Mohammad Saleh
* Major Mahmud Hasan
* Major Mustaq Mahmud
* Major Mahmudul Hasan
* Major Humayun Haider
* Major Md Azharul Islam
* Major Md Humayun Kabir Sarkar
* Major Md Khalid Hossain
* Major Mohammad Maksum-ul-Hakim
* Major Syed Md Idris Iqbal
* Major Md Rafiqul Islam
* Major Muhammad Mosharraf Hossain
* Major Mostafa Asaduzzaman
* Major S M Mamunur Rahman bdr
* Major Kazi Ashraf Hossain
* Subedar Major Nurul Islam
* Captain Mazharul Haider Rubel
* Soldier Md Jahurul Islam
* Naznin Shakil (Civilian and Wife of DG)
* Tareq Aziz (Civilian)
* Amjad Ali (Civilian and construction worker)
* Hridoy Hossain Rakib (Civilian and 13 years old)
* Kalpona (civilian)
* Firoz (civilian)

*

*
<references />

Awards and decorations of the Bangladesh Armed Forces

2024-09-20T20:06:20Z

Vinegarymass911: /* Campaign medals */ link

{{Short description|none}}
[[File:Medals of the Bangladesh military.jpg|thumb|356x356px|Medals of the Bangladesh military]]
The [[Bangladesh Armed Forces]] award medals and their associated ribbon bars in recognition of various levels of service, personal accomplishments and commemorative events while a regular serviceperson is a member of the [[Bangladesh Army]], [[Bangladesh Navy]] and the [[Bangladesh Air Force]]. Together with military badges, such awards are a means to outwardly display the highlights of a serviceperson's career.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.medals.org.uk/bangladesh/bangladesh-ribbons.htm |title=ODM of Bangladesh: Ribbon Chart |website=medals.org.uk}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.medals.org.uk/bangladesh/bangladesh-text.htm |title=ODM of Bangladesh: Text List |website=medals.org.uk}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jeanpaulleblanc.com/Bangladesh.htm |title=Orders, Decorations and Medals of Bangladesh |website=Orders, Decorations and Medals |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120906051624/http://www.jeanpaulleblanc.com/Bangladesh.htm |archive-date=6 September 2012 |access-date=13 February 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.army.mil.bd/node/7 |url-status=dead |title=Medals |website=Bangladesh Army |access-date=2014-07-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140701131213/http://www.army.mil.bd/node/7 |archive-date=2014-07-01}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.coleccionesmilitares.com/cintas/asia/bangladesh.gif |url-status=dead |title=Asian Medals: Bangladesh |website=Antonio Prieto Barrio |access-date=2015-12-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222162610/http://www.coleccionesmilitares.com/cintas/asia/bangladesh.gif |archive-date=2015-12-22}}</ref>

== Military medals ==
Decorations in the order of precedence:

=== Wartime gallantry awards ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[File:Bir Sreshtho ribbon.svg|100px]]
|width="10"|'''[[Bir Sreshtho]]''' (BS) (Bravery Medal)
|-
|[[Image:Bir Uttom ribbon.svg|100px]]
|width="300"|'''[[Bir Uttom]]''' (BU) (Valour Medal)
|-
|[[Image:Bir Bikrom.svg|100px]]
|width="300"|'''[[Bir Bikrom]]''' (BB) (Gallant Medal)
|-
|[[Image:Bir Protik ribbon.svg|100px]]
|width="300"|'''[[Bir Protik]]''' (BP) (Gallantry Medal)
|}

=== Peacetime gallantry awards ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Name
! Image
! Description
|-
| Bir Sorbottam
| [[File:Bir Sorbottam.png|40px]]
| '''Bir Sorbottam'''- ({{lang-bn|বীর সর্বোত্তম}}; literally, "The Foremost Braves"), the highest gallantry award<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Bangladesh Army |title=Medal Gallery of Bangladesh Army |url=https://www.army.mil.bd/Medal-Gallery}}</ref>
|-
| Bir Mrittunjoee
| [[File:Bir Mrittunjoee.png|40px]]
| '''Bir Mrittunjoee'''- ({{lang-bn|বীর মৃত্যুঞ্জয়ী}}; literally, "The Immortal Braves"), the second highest gallantry award<ref name=":1"/>
|-
| Bir Chiranjib
| [[File:Bir Chiranjib.png|40px]]
| '''Bir Chiranjib'''- ({{lang-bn|বীর চিরঞ্জীব}}; literally, " The Incorruptible Braves"), the third highest gallantry award<ref name=":1"/>
|-
| Bir Durjoy
| [[File:Bir Durjoy.png|40px]]
| '''Bir Durjoy'''- ({{lang-bn|বীর দুর্জয়}}; literally, "The Indomitable Braves"), the fourth highest gallantry award<ref name=":1"/>
|}

=== Liberation War medals ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Name
! Ribbon
! Image
! Description
|-
| Samar Padak
|[[Image:War Medal.JPG|100px]]
| [[File:Samor Padak.png|40px]]
| '''Samar Padak''' ([[Bengali language|Bengali]]: সমর পদক) is intended to be awarded to members of the armed forces participating in the war of liberation against Pakistan.<ref name=":1"/><ref>{{Cite web |title=ODM of Bangladesh: War Medal |url=https://www.medals.org.uk/bangladesh/bangladesh006.htm |access-date=2022-12-18 |website=www.medals.org.uk}}</ref>
|-
| Joy Padak
|[[Image:Victory Medal.JPG|100px]]
| [[File:Joy Padak.png|40px]]
| '''Joy Padak''' ([[Bengali language|Bengali]]: জয় পদক) is awarded for victory in the 1971 War of Independence. It is intended to be awarded to members of the armed forces participating in the war of liberation against Pakistan members of the armed forces participating in the war of liberation against Pakistan.<ref name=":1"/><ref>{{Cite web |title=ODM of Bangladesh: Victory Medal |url=https://www.medals.org.uk/bangladesh/bangladesh008.htm |access-date=2022-12-18 |website=www.medals.org.uk}}</ref>
|-
| Rono Taroka
|[[Image:Rono Taroka.JPG|100px]]
| [[File:Rono Taroka Back.png|40px]]
| '''Rono Taroka''' ([[Bengali language|Bengali]]: রণ তারকা) was established on December 15, 1973. The medal is intended for awarding participants in the War of Independence. The Bangladesh War of Independence was an armed conflict between West Pakistan, East Pakistan (i.e., between Pakistan and Bangladesh, which were at that time two parts of the same country) and India, as a result of which East Pakistan became the independent country of Bangladesh.<ref name=":1"/><ref>{{Cite web |title=ODM of Bangladesh: Campaign Star (Army) |url=https://www.medals.org.uk/bangladesh/bangladesh005.htm |access-date=2022-12-18 |website=www.medals.org.uk}}</ref>
|-
| Mukti Taroka
|[[File:Campaign Star.JPG|100x100px]]
| [[File:Mukti Taroka.png|40px]]
| '''Mukti Taroka''' ([[Bengali language|Bengali]]: মুক্তি তারকা) was established on December 15, 1973. The medal is intended for awarding participants in the War of Independence. The Bangladesh War of Independence was an armed conflict between West Pakistan, East Pakistan (i.e., between Pakistan and Bangladesh, which were at that time two parts of the same country) and India, as a result of which East Pakistan became the independent country of Bangladesh.<ref name=":1"/><ref name="ODM of Bangladesh: Campaign Star">{{Cite web |title=ODM of Bangladesh: Campaign Star |url=https://www.medals.org.uk/bangladesh/bangladesh007.htm |access-date=2022-12-18 |website=www.medals.org.uk}}</ref>
|-
| Songbidhan Padak
|[[File:Songbidhan Padak(Constitution Medal).JPG|100x100px]]
| [[File:Songbidhan Padak.png|40px]]
| '''Songbidhan Padak''' ([[Bengali language|Bengali]]: সংবিধান পদক) was established in honor of the adoption of the constitution on November 4, 1972. This is a medal of the constitution. Commemorating the proclamation of the Bangladeshi constitution<ref name="ODM of Bangladesh: Campaign Star"/><ref>{{Cite web |title=ODM of Bangladesh: Constitution Medal |url=https://www.medals.org.uk/bangladesh/bangladesh009.htm |access-date=2022-12-18 |website=www.medals.org.uk}}</ref>
|}

== Service and campaign medals ==

=== Army service medals ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Name
! Ribbon
! Image
! Description
|-
| Army Medal
|[[File:Army Medal Bar.png|100px]]
| [[File:Army Medal Bangladesh Army.png|40px]]
| '''Army Medal''' ([[Bengali language|Bengali]]: সেনাবাহিনী পদক) is the highest Bangladesh Army peace time award given by the Government of People's Republic of Bangladesh. It is awarded to any member of Bangladesh Army for exemplary devotion/ self-sacrifice/ sincerity/ obedience/ bravery or perform significant dutifulness for the country or displays courgeous activity in special risky land operation.<ref name="Medal Gallery - Bangladesh Army">{{Cite web |date=2019-05-11 |title=Medal Gallery - Bangladesh Army |url=https://www.army.mil.bd/Medal-Gallery |access-date=2022-12-21 |website=www.army.mil.bd |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190511111356/https://www.army.mil.bd/Medal-Gallery |archive-date=2019-05-11}}</ref>
|-
| Extraordinary Service Medal
|[[File:Extraordiary Service Medal.png|100px]]
| [[File:Extraordinary Service Medal Bangladesh Army.png|60px]]
| '''Extraordinary Service Medal''' ([[Bengali language|Bengali]]: অসামান্য সেবা পদক) is the Bangladesh Army peace time award. This medal is awarded to any member of Bangladesh Army who displays admiring contribution and daring act of bravery to counter immediate situation at land Operations or exceptional/sincerity efficient management/ humanitarian assistance for the significant development of army or country.<ref name="Medal Gallery - Bangladesh Army"/>
|-
| Distinguished Service Medal
|[[File:Distinguished Service Medal new.png|100px]]
| [[File:Distinguished Service Medal Bangladesh Army.png|40px]]
| '''Distinguished Service Medal''' ([[Bengali language|Bengali]]: বিশিষ্ট সেবা পদক) is the Bangladesh Army peace time award. This medal is awarded to any member of Bangladesh Army who have performed an act of significant contribution/ controlling critical situation in army or the country or who displayed a praiseworthy initiative for the development of nation including Bangladesh Army.<ref name="Medal Gallery - Bangladesh Army"/>
|-
| Army Medal of Glory
|[[File:Army Medal of Glory.gif|100px]]
| [[File:Army Medal of Glory Bangladesh Army.png|40px]]
| '''Army Medal of Glory''' ([[Bengali language|Bengali]]: সেনা গৌরব পদক) is the Bangladesh Army peace time award. This medal is awarded to any member of Bangladesh Army who have completed mentionable land service and displayed exemplary conduct/ efficiency/ boldness in establishing himself as an extraordinary person to inspire others.<ref name="Medal Gallery - Bangladesh Army"/>
|-
| Army Medal of Excellence
|[[File:Army Medal of Excellence Bar.png|100px]]
| [[File:Army Medal of Excellence Bangladesh Army.png|40px]]
| '''Army Medal of Excellence''' ([[Bengali language|Bengali]]: সেনা উৎকর্ষ পদক) is the Bangladesh Army peace time award. This medal is awarded to any member of Bangladesh Army who have performed an act of significant contribution in risky situation/ praiseworthy initiative in original research/ successful completion of any project work in home and abroad or commendable success which inspire others.<ref name="Medal Gallery - Bangladesh Army"/>
|-
| Army Efficiency Medal
|[[File:Army Efficiency Medal Bar.png|100px]]
| [[File:Army Efficiency Medal Bangladesh Army.png|40px]]
| '''Army Efficiency Medal''' ([[Bengali language|Bengali]]: সেনা পারদর্শিতা পদক) is the Bangladesh Army peace time award. This medal is awarded to any member of Bangladesh Army who has achieved special success in individual arena / significant initiative in publishing successful research work on professional subject, who have also achieved success in home and foreign training / army exercise, combined exercise or contribution in initial planning and execution exercise which encourage others.<ref name="Medal Gallery - Bangladesh Army"/>

|}

=== Navy service medals ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[File:Army Medal Bar.png|100px]]
| width="300" |'''Navy Medal'''
|-
|[[File:Extraordiary Service Medal.png|100px]]
| width="300" |'''Extraordinary Service Medal'''
|-
|[[File:Army Medal of Excellence Bar.png|100px]]
| width="300" |'''Distinguished Service Medal'''
|-
|[[File:Navy Glorious Service Medal Ribbon.png|100px]]
| width="300" |'''Navy Glorious Service Medal'''
|-
|[[File:Army Medal of Glory.gif|100px]]
| width="300" |'''Navy Medal of Excellence'''
|-
|[[File:Distinguished Service Medal new.png|100px]]
| width="300" |'''Navy Efficiency Medal'''
|}

=== Campaign medals ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Name
! Ribbon
! Image
! Description
|-
| Dabanal Padak
|[[Image:Dabanal Padak.JPG|100px]]
| [[File:Dabanal Padak.png|40px]]
| '''Dabanal Padak''' ([[Bengali language|Bengali]]: দাবানল পদক) is intended to reward servicemen who took part in the [[Chittagong Hill Tracts conflict|campaign]] in the [[Chittagong Hill Tracts]]. The Chittagong Hill Tracts are a territory in southeastern Bangladesh on the border with India and [[Myanmar]], the only mountainous region in the country.<ref name=":1"/><ref>{{Cite web |title=ODM of Bangladesh: Hill Tracts Campaign Medal |url=https://www.medals.org.uk/bangladesh/bangladesh010.htm |access-date=2022-12-18 |website=www.medals.org.uk}}</ref>
|-
| Uttoron Padak
|[[File:Uttoron Padak Medal BAR.png|100px]]
| [[File:Uttoron Padak.png|40px]]
| '''Uttoron Padak''' ([[Bengali language|Bengali]]: উত্তরণ পদক) is intended to reward servicemen who took part in the [[Chittagong Hill Tracts conflict|campaign]] in the [[Chittagong Hill Tracts]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Chakma |first=Mangal Kumar |date=2022-07-02 |title=Can police be deployed in the army-withdrawn camp sites in the CHT? |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/views/opinion/news/can-police-be-deployed-the-army-withdrawn-camp-sites-the-cht-3061406 |access-date=2022-12-21 |work=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref> The "[[Operation Dabanal]]" (Operation Wildfire) was re-established in the name of "Operation Uttoron"<ref>{{Cite web |title=Current Activities {{!}} Armed Forces Division(AFD) |url=https://afd.gov.bd/activities/current-activities |access-date=2022-12-21 |website=afd.gov.bd}}</ref> (Operation Upliftment) by which the Bangladesh military<ref>{{Cite web |title=UNPO: Chittagong Hill Tracts: Squandering the Peace and Human Rights Dividends |url=https://unpo.org/article/1358 |access-date=2022-12-21 |website=unpo.org}}</ref> want to solve the CHT crisis militarily through imposing military maneuvers superseding the local civil administration.<ref name=":1"/><ref>{{Cite web |last=Samad |first=Saleem |date=2021-01-11 |title=Peace remains elusive for hill people in the CHT |url=https://shuddhashar.com/op-ed-peace-remains-elusive-for-hill-people-in-the-cht-saleem-samad/ |access-date=2022-12-21 |website=শুদ্ধস্বর |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Militarisation in CHT |url=https://www.pcjss.org/militarisation-in-cht/ |access-date=2022-12-21 |website=Parbatya Chattagram Jana Samhati Samiti |language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| Nirapattya Padak
|[[Image:Nirapotta Padak.JPG|100px]]
| [[File:Nirapattya Padak.png|40px]]
| '''Nirapattya Padak''' ([[Bengali language|Bengali]]: নিরাপত্তা পদক) is awarded for internal security of Bangladesh.<ref name=":1"/><ref>{{Cite web |last=Border Guard Bangladesh |title=Medal Gallery of Border Guard Bangladesh |url=https://bgb.portal.gov.bd/sites/default/files/files/bgb.portal.gov.bd/page/aed19577_fe5e_4bd1_8454_5572d3e2c9e9/2022-11-01-05-39-b8346ea95464137c98e15c9db03ae533.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=ODM of Bangladesh: Internal Relief Medal |url=https://www.medals.org.uk/bangladesh/bangladesh013.htm |access-date=2022-12-19 |website=www.medals.org.uk}}</ref>
|-
| Naf Padak
|[[File:Naf Padak.png|100px]]
| [[File:Naf Padak Front.png|40px]]
| '''Naf Padak''' ([[Bengali language|Bengali]]: নাফ পদক) is a military medal of Bangladesh. In 2000, [[Border Guards Bangladesh|Bangladesh Rifles]] (BDR) between [[Border Guard Police|Burmese Security Forces]] (Nasaka) and the [[Myanmar Army]] had a major clash known as the Naf War. [[Myanmar]] started building dams on the tributaries of the [[Naf River]], which defines the border between [[Bangladesh]] and Myanmar. As a result, the course of the river changed and the land of Bangladesh came under the control of Myanmar. After several letters between BDR and Nasaka, they did not stop their work. According to former Bangladesh Rifles (BDR) Director General Major General (retd) Fazlur Rahman, 600 Myanmar soldiers were killed in the three-day conflict, although it has not been confirmed. There were no casualties among BDR members. To honor the bravery of BDR members, the participating BDR members were awarded Naf Padak.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bangladesh Border Guards |title=Medal Gallery of Bangladesh Border Guards |url=https://bgb.portal.gov.bd/sites/default/files/files/bgb.portal.gov.bd/page/aed19577_fe5e_4bd1_8454_5572d3e2c9e9/2022-11-01-05-39-b8346ea95464137c98e15c9db03ae533.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |title=নাফ যুদ্ধ |date=2022-09-06 |url=https://bn.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AB_%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7&oldid=6082580 |work=উইকিপিডিয়া |access-date=2022-12-18 |language=bn}}</ref>{{circular reference|date=June 2024}}
|}

=== Service medals ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Name
! Ribbon
! Image
! Description
|-
| Plaban 1988 Padak
|[[Image:Plaban 1998 Padak.JPG|100px]]
| [[File:Plaban 1988 Padak.png|40px]]
| '''Plaban 1988 Padak''' ([[Bengali language|Bengali]]: প্লাবন ১৯৮৮ পদক) is intended for awarding servicemen who took part in the liquidation of the consequences of the flood of 1988.<ref name=":1"/><ref>{{Cite web |title=ODM of Bangladesh: Flood Relief Medal |url=https://www.medals.org.uk/bangladesh/bangladesh011.htm |access-date=2022-12-18 |website=www.medals.org.uk}}</ref>
|-
| Ghurnijhar 1991 Padak
|[[Image:Gurnijar 1991 Padak.JPG|100px]]
| [[File:Ghurnijhar 1991 Padak.png|40px]]
| '''Ghurnijhar 1991 Padak''' ([[Bengali language|Bengali]]: ঘূর্ণিঝড় ১৯৯১ পদক) is intended for awarding servicemen who took part in the liquidation of the consequences of cyclone of 1991.<ref name=":1"/><ref>{{Cite web |title=ODM of Bangladesh: Cyclone Relief Medal |url=https://www.medals.org.uk/bangladesh/bangladesh012.htm |access-date=2022-12-18 |website=www.medals.org.uk}}</ref>
|-
| Mahaplaban Padak 1996
|[[File:Mahaplaban Padak 1996 Ribbon.jpg|100px]]
|
| '''Mahaplaban Padak 1996''' ([[Bengali language|Bengali]]: মহাপ্লাবন পদক ১৯৯৬) is intended for awarding servicemen who took part in the liquidation of the consequences of the flood of 1996.<ref name=":1"/>
|-
| Mahaplaban Padak 1998
|[[Image:Mahaplaban 1998 Padak.JPG|100px]]
| [[File:Mahaplaban Padak 1998.png|40px]]
| '''Mahaplaban Padak 1998''' ([[Bengali language|Bengali]]: মহাপ্লাবন পদক ১৯৮৮) is intended for awarding servicemen who took part in the liquidation of the consequences of the flood of 1998.<ref name=":1"/>
|-
|Sangsadia Nirbachan 1991
|[[Image:Sangsadia Nirbachan 1991.png|100px]]
|[[File:Sangsadia Nirbachan 1991 Medal.png|40px]]
|'''Sangsadia Nirbachan 1991''' ([[Bengali language|Bengali]]: সংসদীয় নির্বাচন ১৯৯১) is intended for awarding citizens of the country who took part in the organization of general parliamentary elections. Later, a medal with a similar design was established in 1996 and 2001. General Zia's widow, Khaleda Zia, led the Bangladesh Nationalist Party to victory in the 1991 general parliamentary election and became the first female prime minister in the country's history. However, the Awami League, led by Sheikh Hasina, one of the surviving daughters of Mujibur Rahman, came to power in the next elections in 1996, but lost again to the Bangladesh Nationalist Party in 2001.<ref name=":1"/>
|-
|Sangsadia Nirbachan 1996
|[[File:Bangladesh Sangsadia Nirbachan 1996.png|100px]]
|[[File:Sangsadia Nirbachan 1996.png|40px]]
|'''Sangsadia Nirbachan 1996''' ([[Bengali language|Bengali]]: সংসদীয় নির্বাচন ১৯৯৬) is intended for awarding citizens of the country who took part in the organization of general parliamentary elections.<ref name=":1"/>
|-
|Sangsadia Nirbachan 2001
|[[File:Bangladesh Sangsadia Nirbachan 2001.png|100px]]
|[[File:Sangsadia Nirbachan 2001.png|40px]]
|'''Sangsadia Nirbachan 2001''' ([[Bengali language|Bengali]]: সংসদীয় নির্বাচন ২০০১) is intended for awarding citizens of the country who took part in the organization of general parliamentary elections.<ref name=":1"/><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bangladesh Border Guards |title=Medal Gallery of Bangladesh Border Guards |url=https://bgb.portal.gov.bd/sites/default/files/files/bgb.portal.gov.bd/page/aed19577_fe5e_4bd1_8454_5572d3e2c9e9/2022-11-01-05-39-b8346ea95464137c98e15c9db03ae533.pdf}}</ref>
|-
|Silver Jubilee Medal
|[[File:Silver Jubilee.gif|100px]]
|[[File:Silver Jubilee Medal.png|40px]]
|'''Silver Jubilee Medal''' ([[Bengali language|Bengali]]: রজত জয়ন্তী পদক) was established in 1996 in honor of the 25th anniversary of the proclamation of independence.<ref name=":1"/>
|-
|Golden Jubilee Medal
|[[Image:Golden Jubilee.JPG|100px]]
|[[File:Golden Jubilee Medal.png|40px]]
|'''Golden Jubilee Medal''' ([[Bengali language|Bengali]]: সুবর্ণ জয়ন্তী পদক) was established in 1998 in honor of the 50th anniversary of the creation of the [[East Bengal Regiment]]. At the moment, the East Bengal Regiment consists of 50 battalions and plays a key role in ensuring the sovereignty of the independent state of Bangladesh.<ref name=":1"/>
|-
|Bi-Centennial Padak
|[[File:Bangladesh Rifles Bi-centennial Padak Ribbon.jpg|100px]]
|[[File:Bangladesh Rifles Bi-Centennial Padak.png|40px]]
|'''Bi-Centennial Padak''' ([[Bengali language|Bengali]]: দ্বিশত বর্ষপূর্তি পদক) was established in 1995 in honor of the 200th anniversary of the creation of the [[Bangladesh Rifles]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bangladesh Border Guards |title=Medal Gallery of Bangladesh Border Guards |url=https://bgb.portal.gov.bd/sites/default/files/files/bgb.portal.gov.bd/page/aed19577_fe5e_4bd1_8454_5572d3e2c9e9/2022-11-01-05-39-b8346ea95464137c98e15c9db03ae533.pdf}}</ref>
|}

=== Long service awards ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Name
! Ribbon
! Image
! Description
|-
| Jesthata Padak III
|[[Image:Jestha Padak III.svg|100px]]
| [[File:Jestha Padak III.png|40px]]
| '''Jesthata Padak III''' ([[Bengali language|Bengali]]: জ্যেষ্ঠতা পদক ৩) is intended for awarding members of the armed forces for 27 years or more of impeccable service. JP-3 conferrable on completion of 27 yrs unblemished service career<ref name=":1"/><ref>{{Cite web |title=ODM of Bangladesh: 30 Years' Service Medal |url=https://www.medals.org.uk/bangladesh/bangladesh014.htm |access-date=2022-12-18 |website=www.medals.org.uk}}</ref>
|-
| Jesthata Padak II
|[[File:Jestha Padak II.svg|100px]]
| [[File:Jestha Padak II.png|40px]]
| '''Jesthata Padak II''' ([[Bengali language|Bengali]]: জ্যেষ্ঠতা পদক ২) is intended for awarding members of the armed forces for 20 years or more of impeccable service. JP-2 conferrable on completion of 20 yrs unblemished service career<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=ODM of Bangladesh: 20 Years' Service Medal |url=https://www.medals.org.uk/bangladesh/bangladesh015.htm |access-date=2022-12-18 |website=www.medals.org.uk}}</ref>
|-
| Jesthata Padak I
|[[Image:Jestha Padak I.svg|100px]]
| [[File:Jestha Padak I.png|40px]]
| '''Jesthata Padak I''' ([[Bengali language|Bengali]]: জ্যেষ্ঠতা পদক ১) is intended for awarding members of the armed forces for 10 years or more of impeccable service. JP-1 conferrable on completion of 10 yrs unblemished service career<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=ODM of Bangladesh: 10 Years' Service Medal |url=https://www.medals.org.uk/bangladesh/bangladesh016.htm |access-date=2022-12-18 |website=www.medals.org.uk}}</ref>
|}

== Border guard medals ==
The border guard medals are intended for awarding the officers of [[Border Guards Bangladesh|Border Guard Bangladesh]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Border Guard Bangladesh |title=বর্ডার গার্ড পদক- ২০২১ |url=https://bgb.portal.gov.bd/sites/default/files/files/bgb.portal.gov.bd/page/bfce0350_e3fc_4310_8532_b825db6ce555/2021-12-29-05-18-17841cf7f9e3718d3fdd20db94da667d.pdf |access-date=2022-12-19 |website=www.bgb.gov.bd |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2019-07-16 |title=46 BGB officials awarded |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/country/46-border-guard-bangladesh-bgb-officials-awarded-1772326 |access-date=2022-12-19 |work=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Home Minister Asaduzzaman Khan adorning BGB members with medals including Border Guard Bangladesh Medal, President Border Guard Medal and President Border Guard Medal Service for their contributions in Bir Uttam Fazlur Rahman Khondkar Auditorium of BGB Headquarters in the city's Peelkhana on Tuesday. |url=http://thedailynewnation.com/news/222406/Home-Minister-Asaduzzaman-Khan-adorning-BGB-members-with-medals-including-Border-Guard-Bangladesh-Medal,-President-Border-Guard-Medal-and-President-Border-Guard-Medal-Service-for-their-contributions-in-Bir-Uttam-Fazlur-Rahman-Khondkar-Auditorium-of-BGB-Headquarters-in-the-city/%27s-Peelkhana-on-Tuesday. |access-date=2022-12-19 |work=The New Nation |language=en}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
! Name
! Image
|-
| President Border Guard Padak (Bravery)
| [[File:President Boarder Guard Padak Bravery.png|40px]]
|-
| President Border Guard Padak (Service)
| [[File:President Boarder Guard Padak Service.png|40px]]
|-
| Border Guard Bangladesh Padak (Bravery)
| [[File:Boarder Guard Bangladesh Padak Bravery.png|40px]]
|-
| Border Guard Bangladesh Padak (Service)
| [[File:Boarder Guard Bangladesh Padak Service.png|40px]]
|}

== Police medals ==
{| class="wikitable"
! Name
! Ribbon
! Image
! Description
|-
| Police Medal (Bravery)
|[[File:Bangladesh Police Medal - Service.png|100px]]
|[[File:Bangladesh Police Medal Bravery.png|40px]]
| '''Police Medal (Bravery)''' [[Bengali language|Bengali]]: {বাংলাদেশ পুলিশ পদক (সাহসিকতা)} is intended for the awarding the officers of [[Bangladesh Police]] and [[Rapid Action Battalion]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-01-19 |title=Fewer police medals likely this year |url=https://www.tbsnews.net/bangladesh/law-order/fewer-police-medals-likely-year-359689 |access-date=2022-12-19 |work=The Business Standard |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2020-01-05 |title=Police week inaugurated; 118 get medals |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/city/news/police-week-inaugurated-118-get-medals-1849744 |access-date=2022-12-19 |work=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=230 police, RAB members win BPM, PPM awards for outstanding performance |url=https://thefinancialexpress.com.bd/national/230-police-rab-members-win-bpm-ppm-awards-for-outstanding-performance-1642767926 |access-date=2022-12-19 |work=The Financial Express |language=en}}</ref> Police medals are awarded every year in the annual Police Week Parade. They are awarded both for bravery and service.<ref>{{Cite news |title=2 RAB officials sanctioned by US get police medals |url=https://www.newagebd.net/article/160827/2-rab-officials-sanctioned-by-us-get-police-medals |access-date=2022-12-19 |work=New Age |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2019-01-30 |title=349 police officers to get medals in 4 categories |url=https://archive.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/nation/2019/01/30/349-police-officers-to-get-medals-in-4-categories |access-date=2022-12-19 |work=Dhaka Tribune}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2018-01-02 |title=7 Chittagong cops to be awarded with BPM, PPM |url=https://archive.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/2018/01/02/7-chittagong-cops-awarded-bpm-ppm |access-date=2022-12-19 |work=Dhaka Tribune}}</ref>
|}

== United Nations Service medals ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
||[[File:United Nations Medal ribbon.svg|100px]]
| width="300" |'''[[United Nations Medal]]'''
|-
|[[File:UN MONUC Medal ribbon.svg|100px]]
| width="300" |'''[[United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo]]''' (MONUSCO)
|-
|[[File:UNIFIL ribbon bar.svg|100px]]
| width="300" |'''[[United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon]]''' (UNIFIL)
|-
|[[File:UNMISS Ribbon bar.svg|100px]]
| width="300" |'''[[United Nations Mission in South Sudan]]''' (UNMISS)
|-
|[[File:UNAMID Ribbon bar.svg|100px]]
| width="300" |'''[[United Nations–African Union Mission in Darfur]]''' (UNAMID)
|-
|[[File:UN Medal MINURSO ribbon bar.svg|100px]]
| width="300" |'''[[United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara]]''' (MINURSO)
|-
|[[File:MINUSMA Medal ribbon.png|100px]]
| width="300" |'''[[United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali]]''' (MINUSMA)
|-
|[[File:UN MINUSCA Medal ribbon.svg|100px]]
| width="300" |'''[[MINUSCA|United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in the Central African Republic]]''' (MINUSCA)
|-
|[[File:UNHQ Medal bar.gif|100px]]
| width="300" |'''Service in the [[United Nations Headquarters]]''' (UNHQ)
|-
|[[File:UN UNMIH Medal ribbon.svg|100px]]
| width="300" |'''[[United Nations Mission in Haiti]]''' (UNMIH)
|-
|[[File:ONZ Medal w Służbie Pokoju UNIKOM BAR.svg|100px]]
| width="300" |'''[[United Nations Iraq–Kuwait Observation Mission]]''' (UNIKOM)
|-
|[[File:UN UNIIMOG Medal ribbon.svg|100px]]
| width="300" |'''[[United Nations Iran–Iraq Military Observer Group]]''' (UNIIMOG)
|-
|[[File:UN UNTAG Medal ribbon.svg|100px]]
| width="300" |'''[[United Nations Transition Assistance Group]]''' (UNTAG)
|-
|[[File:UN UNOSOM Medal ribbon.svg|100px]]
| width="300" |'''[[United Nations Operation in Somalia II]]''' (UNOSOM II)
|-
|[[File:UN UNSMIS Medal ribbon.svg|100px]]
| width="300" |'''[[United Nations Supervision Mission in Syria]]''' (UNSMIS)
|-
|[[File:UN UNMIS Medal ribbon.svg|100px]]
| width="300" |'''[[United Nations Mission in Sudan]]''' (UNMIS)
|-
|[[File:UN MINURCAT Medal ribbon.svg|100px]]
| width="300" |'''[[United Nations Mission in the Central African Republic and Chad]]''' (MINURCAT)
|-
|[[File:UN UNMIL Medal ribbon.svg|100px]]
| width="300" |'''[[United Nations Mission in Liberia]]''' (UNMIL)
|-
|[[File:UN UNMOP Medal ribbon.svg|100px]]
| width="300" |'''[[United Nations Mission of Observers in Prevlaka]]''' (UNMOP)
|-
|[[File:UN UNPROFOR Medal ribbon.svg|100px]]
| width="300" |'''[[United Nations Protection Force]]''' (UNPROFOR)
|-
|[[File:UN UNOMIG Medal ribbon.svg|100px]]
| width="300" |'''[[United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia]]''' (UNOMIG)
|-
|[[File:UN UNTAC Medal ribbon.svg|100px]]
| width="300" |'''[[United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia]]''' (UNTAC)
|-
|[[File:UN UNTAET Medal ribbon.svg|100px]]
| width="300" |'''[[United Nations Mission in East Timor]]''' (UNAMET)
|-
|[[File:UN UNAMIR Medal ribbon.svg|100px]]
| width="300" |'''[[United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda]]''' (UNAMIR)
|-
|[[File:UN UNMEE Medal ribbon.svg|100px]]
| width="300" |'''[[United Nations Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea]]''' (UNMEE)
|-
|[[File:UN UNMOT Medal ribbon.svg|100px]]
| width="300" |'''[[United Nations Mission of Observers in Tajikistan]]''' (UNMOT)
|-
|[[File:UN Medal UNGCI BAR.svg|100px]]
| width="300" |'''[[United Nations Guards Contingent in Iraq]]''' (UNGCI)
|}

== Order of Military Merit ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|[[File:Bangladesh Order of Military Merit ribbon.svg|100px]]
| width="300" |''''''Order of Military Merit''''''
|}

== Commendation Padak ==
[[File:Three CNS Commendation Padak.png|frame|Three CNS Commendation Padak of [[Bangladesh Navy]]]]
The Commendation Padak is awarded to all members of the Bangladesh Army, Bangladesh Navy and Bangladesh Air Force, who have received the commendation letter.

== Blood Donor Medal ==
[[File:Bangladesh Navy Blood Donor Medal.png|thumb|Bangladesh Navy Blood Donor Medal]]
The Blood Donor Medal is awarded to all persons of the Bangladesh Army, Bangladesh Navy and Bangladesh Air Force who have donated blood three times.

==See also==
*[[Liberation War of Bangladesh]]
*[[Bangladeshi honours system]]
*[[Awards and decorations of the Bangladesh Liberation War]]

==References==
{{Commons category inline}}
{{Reflist}}

{{Military of Bangladesh}}
{{Bengali honours and decorations}}

[[Category:Military awards and decorations of Bangladesh| ]]

Sylhet WASA

2024-09-20T15:49:12Z

Vinegarymass911: ce

{{Short description|Service Agency}}
{{db-corp}}
{{Infobox government agency
| agency_name = Sylhet Water Supply and Sewerage Authority
| native_name_a = সিলেট পানি সরবরাহ ও পয়ঃনিষ্কাশন কর্তৃপক্ষ
| native_name_r =
| seal =
| seal_width = 200px
| seal_caption =
| logo =
| formed = {{start date and age|df=yes|2022|3|2}}
| image =
| preceding2 =
| dissolved =
| superseding =
| jurisdiction = [[Government of Bangladesh]]
| headquarters = [[Sylhet]]
| employees =
| budget =
| type =
| parent_department = [[Ministry of Local Government, Rural Development and Co-operatives]]
| parent_agency = [[Water Supply and Sewerage Authority]]
| chief1_name =
| chief1_position = [[Managing Director]]
| chief2_name =
| chief2_position =
| website = {{URL|sylhetwasa.portal.gov.bd}}
}}

'''Sylhet Water Supply and Sewerage Authority''', commonly known as '''Sylhet WASA''' or '''SWASA''' ({{Lang-bn|সিলেট ওয়াসা}}) is a [[Bangladesh government]] service agency under the [[Ministry of Local Government, Rural Development and Co-operatives]] responsible for providing water and sewerage facilities to residents of [[Sylhet]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2022-01-30 |title=WASA for Sylhet to be established soon: LGRD minister |url=https://en.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/local-news/wasa-for-sylhet-to-be-established-soon-lgrd-minister |access-date=2024-09-20 |website=Prothomalo |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Sylhet WASA to be established soon, minister says |url=https://thefinancialexpress.com.bd/national/sylhet-wasa-to-be-established-soon-minister-says-1643562917 |access-date=2024-09-20 |website=The Financial Express |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-01-31 |title=Sylhet to get its own Wasa soon: LGRD Minister |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news/bangladesh/utilities/news/sylhet-get-its-own-wasa-soon-lgrd-minister-2950886 |access-date=2024-09-20 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref>

Sylhet is the administrative capital of [[Sylhet District]] which was established on 3 January 1782.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Sylhet District - Banglapedia |url=https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php/Sylhet_District |access-date=2024-09-20 |website=en.banglapedia.org |language=en}}</ref> The government created [[Sylhet Division]], which also includes Sylhet District, on 1 August 1995.<ref name=":1" /> It has a population of 999,374.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sylhet, Bangladesh Population 2024 |url=https://worldpopulationreview.com/cities/bangladesh/sylhet |access-date=2024-09-20 |website=worldpopulationreview.com}}</ref>

==History==
The first water supply system was started in Sylhet in 1936. This system was introduced by the Sylhet Municipality under the then Ministry of Works of [[British India]]. In 1945 sewage system was added to water supply.

In 1980, the Sylhet Water Supply Master Plan project was taken under the auspices of the [[Department of Public Health Engineering]] and the [[Government of Netherlands]]. Later, to meet the needs of local people, Water Supply and Sewerage Branch was formed as a single authority for water supply and sewerage of [[Sylhet City Corporation]] area named '''''Sylhet WASA''''' on 2 March 2022 under an initiative of Tajul Islam, [[Ministry of Local Government, Rural Development and Co-operatives|Minister of Local Government, Rural Development and Co-operatives]].<ref name=":0" /> Originally Sylhet WASA was established under the Water Supply and Sewerage Authority Act, 1996.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sylhet WASA |url=https://www.tbsnews.net/tags/sylhet-wasa |access-date=2024-09-20 |website=The Business Standard |language=en}}</ref>

==References==
<references/>

{{stub}}

[[Category:Government agencies of Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Organisations based in Sylhet]]
[[Category:2022 establishments in Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Water management authorities in Bangladesh]]

Mathbaria Thana

2024-09-20T15:04:37Z

Vinegarymass911: ←Redirected page to Mathbaria Upazila

#REDIRECT [[Mathbaria Upazila]]

Murder of Jamaluddin Ahmed Chowdhury

2024-09-20T14:59:46Z

Vinegarymass911: ce

'''Murder of Jamaluddin Ahmed Chowdhury''' refers to Jamaluddin Ahmed Chowdhury, a businessman, who was murdered after being kidnapped in [[Chittagong District|Chittagong]] in 2004.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Islam |first=Shahidul |date=27 June 2007 |title=Arrest of Sarwar Jamal Nizam |url=https://archive.thedailystar.net/2007/06/27/d706273501144.htm |access-date=2024-09-20 |website=The Daily Star}}</ref> His skeleton was recovered two years after the kidnapping.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |last= |title=Remains of Jamaluddin buried amidst demand for trial of MP, his brother |url=https://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/remains-of-jamaluddin-buried-amidst-demand-for-trial-of-mp-his-brother |access-date=2024-09-20 |website=[[Bdnews24.com]] |language=en}}</ref> [[The Daily Star (Bangladesh)|The Daily Star]] described it as ''sensational''.<ref name=":1" /> Bangladesh Nationalist Party politician and former member of parliament of Chittagong-12, [[Sarwar Jamal Nizam]], was accused of diverting the investigation to protect his brother who was an accused in the case.<ref name=":1" />

==Background==
Chittagong District saw a significant deterioration in law and order in 2003.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Islam |first=Shahidul |date=3 January 2004 |title=A year of crimes in Ctg |url=https://archive.thedailystar.net/2004/01/03/d40103070570.htm |access-date=2024-09-19 |website=The Daily Star}}</ref> Another businessman, Rezaur Rahman Zakir, was kidnapped and murdered in Chittagong.<ref name=":0" /> [[Banshkhali carnage]] took place in which seven members of a Hindu family were burned alive.<ref name=":0" /> On Eid-ul Fitr two activists of Awami League are killed inside a madrassah in [[Hathazari Upazila]].<ref name=":0" /> The [[murder of Gopal Krishna Muhuri]], Hindu college principal took place.<ref name=":0" /> Shafiuddin Ahmed, a [[Bangladesh Jatyatabadi Sramik Dal]] leader, was murdered.<ref name=":0" /> Two college girls were murdered.<ref name=":0" />

=== Jamaluddin Ahmed Chowdhury ===
Jamaluddin Ahmed Chowdhury was a businessman and politician of the [[Bangladesh Nationalist Party]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2014-03-05 |title=Killed after kidnap |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/killed-after-kidnap-14123 |access-date=2024-09-20 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref> He was married to Nazma Akhter Khanam (sometimes referred to as Nazma Akhter Chowdhury) and they had three sons, Chowdhury Forman Reza, Chowdhury Arfan Reza, and Chowdhury Forkan Reza.<ref name=":1" />

==Incident==

On 24 July 2003, Jamaluddin Ahmed Chowdhury was traveling from his office in Chawkbazar to his home in Chandgaon residential area when he was kidnapped.<ref name=":2" /> His kidnappers demanded a 10 million BDT ransom.<ref name=":2" /> Bangladesh Police suspected he was killed after 60 days of the kidnapping.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Jamal believed dead, missing for 60 days |url=https://archive.thedailystar.net/2003/09/24/d3092401033.htm |access-date=2024-09-20 |website=The Daily Star}}</ref> According to one of the accused, he was held in Fatikchhari.<ref name=":2" /> Accused Shahid Chairman would later claim he was killed by strangulation and that it was done on the orders of Maruf Nizam who promised them 10 million BDT for the murder.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=25 August 2005 |title=Jamaluddin Abduction, Rab digs out skeleton |url=https://archive.thedailystar.net/2005/08/25/d5082501011.htm |access-date=2024-09-20 |website=The Daily Star}}</ref>

The Bangladesh Nationalist Party government made three top police officers officers on special duty as punishment for their failure in the Jamaluddin Ahmed Chowdhury case.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=26 August 2003 |title=Top cops made OSD for rescue failure |url=https://archive.thedailystar.net/2003/08/26/d3082601033.htm |access-date=2024-09-20 |website=The Daily Star}}</ref> They were Shahidullah Khan, Commissioner of Chittagong Metropolitan Police, Additional Deputy Inspector General of Chittagong Division of police, Naim Ahmed, and Motiur Rahman, Superintendent of Police of Chittagong District.<ref name=":5" /> The government transferred and/or punished 200 police officers.<ref name=":3" />

Farid Ahmad Chowdhury, former president of Chittagong Chamber of Commerce and Industry, expressed frustration over the failure to locate Jamaluddin.<ref name=":5" /> In August 2003, [[Bangladesh Army]] and [[Bangladesh Rifles]] were deployed alongside the police to search for him.<ref name=":5" /> The vice-president of the Bangladesh Garment Manufacturers and Exporters Association, SM Nurul Hoque, expressed disappointment with the lack of results.<ref name=":5" /> [[Altaf Hossain Chowdhury]], Minister of Home Affairs, said that Jamaluddin Ahmed Chowdhury would be rescued soon as they had specific information about his location.<ref name=":5" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=25 August 2003 |title=Govt knows now Jamal's whereabouts |url=https://archive.thedailystar.net/2003/08/25/d3082501088.htm |access-date=2024-09-20 |website=The Daily Star}}</ref> Inspector General of Police (IGP) [[Shahudul Haque]] visited Chittagong to increase the speed of the investigation.<ref>{{Cite web |title=IGP goes to Ctg today to buck up rescuers |url=https://archive.thedailystar.net/2003/08/27/d3082701099.htm |access-date=2024-09-20 |website=The Daily Star}}</ref> Government also deployed intelligence agents.<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 August 2003 |title=Altaf's claim goes awry, Secret agencies in Ctg to negotiate with Jamal kidnappers |url=https://archive.thedailystar.net/2003/08/31/d3083101044.htm |access-date=2024-09-20 |website=The Daily Star}}</ref>

Rapid Action Battalion recovered his body from Satkainda Tilla on 24 August 2005 after being led to the spot by Kala Mahbub, a suspect in the murder.<ref name=":2" /> It was recovered from the property of an accused Abul Kashem Chowdhury, chairman of Kanchan Nagar Union Parishad.<ref name=":4" />

==Reaction==

=== Investigation ===
On 12 December 2003, Amar Das, a suspect in the kidnapping was killed in police custody six hours after being detained.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |last=Chintito |first=Chintito |date=19 December 2003 |title=Fiction or Fact |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/magazine/2003/12/03/chintito.htm |access-date=2024-09-20 |website=www.thedailystar.net}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Islam |first=Shaikh Nazrul |date=2 January 2004 |title=Looking back at 2003 |url=https://archive.thedailystar.net/2004/01/02/d40102150197.htm |access-date=2024-09-20 |website=The Daily Star}}</ref> His body had signs of torture.<ref name=":6" />

On 15 August 2005, Rapid Action Battalion arrested Anwara union parishad chairman Shahid, the main accused in the kidnapping and murder, from Patenga beach.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web |date=15 August 2005 |title=Jamaluddin killed one month after abduction |url=https://archive.thedailystar.net/2005/08/15/d5081501044.htm |access-date=2024-09-20 |website=The Daily Star}}</ref> He would later confess that Jamaluddin Ahmed Chowdhury was killed on 24 July 2003.<ref name=":7" /> He stated the killers were Kala (black) Mahboob, Lamba (tall) Mahboob, and Babu.<ref name=":7" /> He said business partners of Maruf Nizam, Helal and Shahjahan, were involved.<ref name=":7" /> Maruf Nizam is the brother of [[Sarwar Jamal Nizam]], a member of parliament of the Bangladesh Nationalist Party.<ref name=":7" /> He also alleged [[Akhtaruzzaman Chowdhury Babu|Akhteruzzaman Chowdhury Babu]], member of parliament of Awami League, was involved along with his sons, [[Saifuzzaman Chowdhury Javed]] and Zia.<ref name=":7" />

Chowdhury's eldest son, Chowdhury Forman Reza Liton, and wife, Nazma Akhtar, met with the Minister of Home Affairs [[Lutfozzaman Babar]].<ref name=":8">{{Cite web |title=Jamal's family trashes Shahid's statement |url=https://archive.thedailystar.net/2005/08/16/d50816012215.htm |access-date=2024-09-20 |website=The Daily Star}}</ref> Chowdhury Forman Reza Liton was critical of chairman Shahid's statements.<ref name=":8" /> He said Shahid had admitted Sarwar Jamal Nizam and his brother Maruf Nizam was involved which Babar denied.<ref name=":8" /> Babar said Akhtaruzzaman Chowdhury Babu was involved but Liton believed it was a diversion tactic as they have no problems with Akhtaruzzaman Chowdhury Babu.<ref name=":8" /> After the meeting officials of the Ministry of Home Affairs tried to prevent prevent the family from talking to the media.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jamal's wife wants to disclose names of abductors to PM |url=https://archive.thedailystar.net/2003/11/02/d3110201044.htm |access-date=2024-09-20 |website=The Daily Star}}</ref> His family talked with [[Harris Chowdhury]] seeking justice.<ref name=":8" />

The Criminal Investigation Department pressed charges against 16 on 20 July 2006.<ref name=":2" /> Jamaluddin Ahmed Chowdhury's son, Chowdhury Farman Reza, filed a narazi (non-acceptance) petition against the charge sheet as it did not include the alleged mastermind Maruf Nizam and Sarwar Jamal Nizam.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":9">{{Cite web |title=Jamaluddin's family hails Nizam's arrest |url=https://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/jamaluddin-s-family-hails-nizam-s-arrest |access-date=2024-09-20 |website=Jamaluddin's family hails Nizam's arrest |language=en}}</ref> The High Court Division issued a stay order against the narazi petition.<ref name=":2" />

In June 2007, Nazma Akter Chowdhury welcomed the arrest of Sarwar Jamal Nizam by Rapid Action Battalion.<ref name=":9" /> She had accused the former Minister of Home Affairs Lutfozzaman Babar of taking bribes to protect the accused.<ref name=":9" /> The family of Jamaluddin Ahmed Chowdhury wanted to file a corruption case against Lutfozzaman Babar, Maruf Nizam, Sarwar Jamal Nizam, and [[Shahjahan Omar]].<ref name=":9" />

[[Detective Branch]] of [[Chattogram Metropolitan Police|Chittagong Metropolitan Police]] arrested suspect Sultan Driver in March 2011 from [[Cox's Bazar]].<ref name=":2" /> In January 2023, Md Abul Kashem Chowdhury, was sent to jail after he asked for bail from the Fifth Additional Chattogram Metropolitan Session Judge's Court.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-01-04 |title=Jamal Uddin murder: Accused lands in jail after 20yrs |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news/bangladesh/news/jamal-uddin-murder-accused-lands-jail-after-20yrs-3212131 |access-date=2024-09-20 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref>

== Legacy ==
In November 2003, Abu Sayed, director of [[Shanta Group]], was kidnapped and the police advised his family to pay the one million BDT ransom to avoid the fate of Jamaluddin Ahmed Chowdhury.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Top company director buys freedom with ransom |url=https://archive.thedailystar.net/2003/11/02/d3110201011.htm |access-date=2024-09-20 |website=The Daily Star}}</ref>

In 2008, the Jamal Uddin Smriti Parishad campaigned against Sarwar Jamal Nizam who received nomination for the parliamentary elections from Bangladesh Nationalist Party for Chittagong-12.<ref name=":10">{{Cite web |date=2008-12-27 |title=Reject 'killer' candidate, urges slain Jamal Uddin's family |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-68911 |access-date=2024-09-20 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref> They called him a killer a protest at the [[Chittagong Press Club]].<ref name=":10" />

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chowdhury, Jamaluddin Ahmed Chowdhury}}
[[Category:People murdered in Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Deaths by person in Bangladesh]]
[[Category:2003 murders in Bangladesh]]
[[Category:2003 deaths]]

Talk:Murder of Jamaluddin Ahmed Chowdhury

2024-09-20T14:58:02Z

Vinegarymass911: added project

Murder of Jamaluddin Ahmed Chowdhury

2024-09-20T14:57:45Z

Vinegarymass911: Created page

'''Murder of Jamaluddin Ahmed Chowdhury''' refers to Jamaluddin Ahmed Chowdhury, a businessman, who was murdered after being kidnapped in [[Chittagong District|Chittagong]] in 2004.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Islam |first=Shahidul |date=27 June 2007 |title=Arrest of Sarwar Jamal Nizam |url=https://archive.thedailystar.net/2007/06/27/d706273501144.htm |access-date=2024-09-20 |website=The Daily Star}}</ref> His skeleton was recovered two years after the kidnapping.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |last= |title=Remains of Jamaluddin buried amidst demand for trial of MP, his brother |url=https://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/remains-of-jamaluddin-buried-amidst-demand-for-trial-of-mp-his-brother |access-date=2024-09-20 |website=[[Bdnews24.com]] |language=en}}</ref> [[The Daily Star (Bangladesh)|The Daily Star]] described it as ''sensational''.<ref name=":1" /> Bangladesh Nationalist Party politician and former member of parliament of Chittagong-12, [[Sarwar Jamal Nizam]], was accused of diverting the investigation to protect his brother who was an accused in the case.<ref name=":1" />

==Background==
Chittagong District saw a significant deterioration in law and order in 2003.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Islam |first=Shahidul |date=3 January 2004 |title=A year of crimes in Ctg |url=https://archive.thedailystar.net/2004/01/03/d40103070570.htm |access-date=2024-09-19 |website=The Daily Star}}</ref> Another businessman, Rezaur Rahman Zakir, was kidnapped and murdered in Chittagong.<ref name=":0" /> [[Banshkhali carnage]] took place in which seven members of a Hindu family were burned alive.<ref name=":0" /> On Eid-ul Fitr two activists of Awami League are killed inside a madrassah in [[Hathazari Upazila]].<ref name=":0" /> The [[murder of Gopal Krishna Muhuri]], Hindu college principal took place.<ref name=":0" /> Shafiuddin Ahmed, a [[Bangladesh Jatyatabadi Sramik Dal]] leader, was murdered.<ref name=":0" /> Two college girls were murdered.<ref name=":0" />

=== Jamaluddin Ahmed Chowdhury ===
Jamaluddin Ahmed Chowdhury was a businessman and politician of the [[Bangladesh Nationalist Party]].<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2014-03-05 |title=Killed after kidnap |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/killed-after-kidnap-14123 |access-date=2024-09-20 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref> He was married to Nazma Akhter Khanam (sometimes referred to as Nazma Akhter Chowdhury) and they had three sons, Chowdhury Forman Reza, Chowdhury Arfan Reza, and Chowdhury Forkan Reza.<ref name=":1" />

==Incident==

On 24 July 2003, Jamaluddin Ahmed Chowdhury was traveling from his office in Chawkbazar to his home in Chandgaon residential area when he was kidnapped.<ref name=":2" /> His kidnappers demanded a 10 million BDT ransom.<ref name=":2" /> Bangladesh Police suspected he was killed after 60 days of the kidnapping.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Jamal believed dead, missing for 60 days |url=https://archive.thedailystar.net/2003/09/24/d3092401033.htm |access-date=2024-09-20 |website=The Daily Star}}</ref> According to one of the accused, he was held in Fatikchhari.<ref name=":2" /> Accused Shahid Chairman would later claim he was killed by strangulation and that it was done on the orders of Maruf Nizam who promised them 10 million BDT for the murder.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |date=25 August 2005 |title=Jamaluddin Abduction, Rab digs out skeleton |url=https://archive.thedailystar.net/2005/08/25/d5082501011.htm |access-date=2024-09-20 |website=The Daily Star}}</ref>

The Bangladesh Nationalist Party government made three top police officers officers on special duty as punishment for their failure in the Jamaluddin Ahmed Chowdhury case.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=26 August 2003 |title=Top cops made OSD for rescue failure |url=https://archive.thedailystar.net/2003/08/26/d3082601033.htm |access-date=2024-09-20 |website=The Daily Star}}</ref> They were Shahidullah Khan, Commissioner of Chittagong Metropolitan Police, Additional Deputy Inspector General of Chittagong Division of police, Naim Ahmed, and Motiur Rahman, Superintendent of Police of Chittagong District.<ref name=":5" /> The government transferred and/or punished 200 police officers.<ref name=":3" />

Farid Ahmad Chowdhury, former president of Chittagong Chamber of Commerce and Industry, expressed frustration over the failure to locate Jamaluddin.<ref name=":5" /> In August 2003, [[Bangladesh Army]] and [[Bangladesh Rifles]] were deployed alongside the police to search for him.<ref name=":5" /> The vice-president of the Bangladesh Garment Manufacturers and Exporters Association, SM Nurul Hoque, expressed disappointment with the lack of results.<ref name=":5" /> [[Altaf Hossain Chowdhury]], Minister of Home Affairs, said that Jamaluddin Ahmed Chowdhury would be rescued soon as they had specific information about his location.<ref name=":5" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=25 August 2003 |title=Govt knows now Jamal's whereabouts |url=https://archive.thedailystar.net/2003/08/25/d3082501088.htm |access-date=2024-09-20 |website=The Daily Star}}</ref> Inspector General of Police (IGP) [[Shahudul Haque]] visited Chittagong to increase the speed of the investigation.<ref>{{Cite web |title=IGP goes to Ctg today to buck up rescuers |url=https://archive.thedailystar.net/2003/08/27/d3082701099.htm |access-date=2024-09-20 |website=The Daily Star}}</ref> Government also deployed intelligence agents.<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 August 2003 |title=Altaf's claim goes awry, Secret agencies in Ctg to negotiate with Jamal kidnappers |url=https://archive.thedailystar.net/2003/08/31/d3083101044.htm |access-date=2024-09-20 |website=The Daily Star}}</ref>

Rapid Action Battalion recovered his body from Satkainda Tilla on 24 August 2005 after being led to the spot by Kala Mahbub, a suspect in the murder.<ref name=":2" /> It was recovered from the property of an accused Abul Kashem Chowdhury, chairman of Kanchan Nagar Union Parishad.<ref name=":4" />

==Reaction==

=== Investigation ===
On 12 December 2003, Amar Das, a suspect in the kidnapping was killed in police custody six hours after being detained.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |last=Chintito |first=Chintito |date=19 December 2003 |title=Fiction or Fact |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/magazine/2003/12/03/chintito.htm |access-date=2024-09-20 |website=www.thedailystar.net}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Islam |first=Shaikh Nazrul |date=2 January 2004 |title=Looking back at 2003 |url=https://archive.thedailystar.net/2004/01/02/d40102150197.htm |access-date=2024-09-20 |website=The Daily Star}}</ref> His body had signs of torture.<ref name=":6" />

On 15 August 2005, Rapid Action Battalion arrested Anwara union parishad chairman Shahid, the main accused in the kidnapping and murder, from Patenga beach.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web |date=15 August 2005 |title=Jamaluddin killed one month after abduction |url=https://archive.thedailystar.net/2005/08/15/d5081501044.htm |access-date=2024-09-20 |website=The Daily Star}}</ref> He would later confess that Jamaluddin Ahmed Chowdhury was killed on 24 July 2003.<ref name=":7" /> He stated the killers were Kala (black) Mahboob, Lamba (tall) Mahboob, and Babu.<ref name=":7" /> He said business partners of Maruf Nizam, Helal and Shahjahan, were involved.<ref name=":7" /> Maruf Nizam is the brother of [[Sarwar Jamal Nizam]], a member of parliament of the Bangladesh Nationalist Party.<ref name=":7" /> He also alleged [[Akhtaruzzaman Chowdhury Babu|Akhteruzzaman Chowdhury Babu]], member of parliament of Awami League, was involved along with his sons, [[Saifuzzaman Chowdhury Javed]] and Zia.<ref name=":7" />

Chodhury's eldest son, Chowdhury Forman Reza Liton, and wife, Nazma Akhtar, met with the Minister of Home Affairs [[Lutfozzaman Babar]].<ref name=":8">{{Cite web |title=Jamal's family trashes Shahid's statement |url=https://archive.thedailystar.net/2005/08/16/d50816012215.htm |access-date=2024-09-20 |website=The Daily Star}}</ref> Chowdhury Forman Reza Liton was critical of chairman Shahid's statements.<ref name=":8" /> He said Shahid had admitted Sarwar Jamal Nizam and his brother Maruf Nizam was involved which Babar denied.<ref name=":8" /> Babar said Akhtaruzzaman Chowdhury Babu was involved but Liton believed it was a diversion tactic as they have no problems with Akhtaruzzaman Chowdhury Babu.<ref name=":8" /> After the meeting officials of the Ministry of Home Affairs tried to prevent prevent the family from talking to the media.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jamal's wife wants to disclose names of abductors to PM |url=https://archive.thedailystar.net/2003/11/02/d3110201044.htm |access-date=2024-09-20 |website=The Daily Star}}</ref> His family talked with [[Harris Chowdhury]] seeking justice.<ref name=":8" />

The Criminal Investigation Department pressed charges against 16 on 20 July 2006.<ref name=":2" /> Jamaluddin Ahmed Chowdhury's son, Chowdhury Farman Reza, filed a narazi (non-acceptance) petition against the charge sheet as it did not include the alleged mastermind Maruf Nizam and Sarwar Jamal Nizam.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":9">{{Cite web |title=Jamaluddin's family hails Nizam's arrest |url=https://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/jamaluddin-s-family-hails-nizam-s-arrest |access-date=2024-09-20 |website=Jamaluddin's family hails Nizam's arrest |language=en}}</ref> The High Court Division issued a stay order against the narazi petition.<ref name=":2" />

In June 2007, Nazma Akter Chowdhury welcomed the arrest of Sarwar Jamal Nizam by Rapid Action Battalion.<ref name=":9" /> She had accused the former Minister of Home Affairs Lutfozzaman Babar of taking bribes to protect the accused.<ref name=":9" /> The family of Jamaluddin Ahmed Chowdhury wanted to file a corruption case against Lutfozzaman Babar, Maruf Nizam, Sarwar Jamal Nizam, and [[Shahjahan Omar]].<ref name=":9" />

[[Detective Branch]] of [[Chattogram Metropolitan Police|Chittagong Metropolitan Police]] arrested suspect Sultan Driver in March 2011 from [[Cox's Bazar]].<ref name=":2" /> In January 2023, Md Abul Kashem Chowdhury, was sent to jail after he asked for bail from the Fifth Additional Chattogram Metropolitan Session Judge's Court.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-01-04 |title=Jamal Uddin murder: Accused lands in jail after 20yrs |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news/bangladesh/news/jamal-uddin-murder-accused-lands-jail-after-20yrs-3212131 |access-date=2024-09-20 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref>

== Legacy ==
In November 2003, Abu Sayed, director of [[Shanta Group]], was kidnapped and the police advised his family to pay the one million BDT ransom to avoid the fate of Jamaluddin Ahmed Chowdhury.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Top company director buys freedom with ransom |url=https://archive.thedailystar.net/2003/11/02/d3110201011.htm |access-date=2024-09-20 |website=The Daily Star}}</ref>

In 2008, the Jamal Uddin Smriti Parishad campaigned against Sarwar Jamal Nizam who received nomination for the parliamentary elections from Bangladesh Nationalist Party for Chittagong-12.<ref name=":10">{{Cite web |date=2008-12-27 |title=Reject 'killer' candidate, urges slain Jamal Uddin's family |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-68911 |access-date=2024-09-20 |website=The Daily Star |language=en}}</ref> They called him a killer a protest at the [[Chittagong Press Club]].<ref name=":10" />

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chowdhury, Jamaluddin Ahmed Chowdhury}}
[[Category:People murdered in Bangladesh]]
[[Category:Deaths by person in Bangladesh]]
[[Category:2003 murders in Bangladesh]]
[[Category:2003 deaths]]

Shanta Group

2024-09-20T14:41:46Z

Vinegarymass911: ←Redirected page to Shanta Holdings Limited

#REDIRECT [[Shanta Holdings Limited]]

Talk:Death of Gopal Krishna Muhuri

2024-09-20T14:27:46Z

Vinegarymass911: Vinegarymass911 moved page Talk:Death of Gopal Krishna Muhuri to Talk:Murder of Gopal Krishna Muhuri

#REDIRECT [[Talk:Murder of Gopal Krishna Muhuri]]

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