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Pertamina

2023-08-12T09:47:24Z

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{{short description|Indonesian state-owned oil and natural gas corporation}}
{{Advert|date=April 2023}}
{{EngvarB|date=September 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2015}}
{{Infobox company
| name = PT Pertamina (Persero)
| former_name = {{unbulleted list|PN Pertambangan Minyak dan Gas Bumi Nasional (1968–1971)|Perusahaan Pertambangan Minyak dan Gas Bumi Negara (1971–2003)}}
| logo = Pertamina Logo.svg
| logo_size =
| image = PertaminaHO1.jpg
| image_caption = Pertamina headquarters in Jakarta
| type = [[State-owned enterprise|State-owned]] [[naamloze vennootschap|perseroan terbatas]] {{small|[[Statutory corporation]] between 1968 and 2003}}
| foundation = {{Start date and age|1968|08||df=y}}
| location = Jl. Medan Merdeka Timur, [[Gambir, Jakarta|Gambir]], [[Central Jakarta]], Indonesia
| key_people = [[Basuki Tjahaja Purnama]] (President commissioner) Nicke Widyawati (President director)
| products = [[Fuel]]s, [[lubricant]]s, [[petrochemical]]s
| industry = [[Petroleum industry|Oil and gas]]
| revenue = {{increase}} US$ 57 billion (2021)<ref name="xbrlus_1">{{cite web|url=https://pertamina.com///Media/File/Pertamina%20Annual%20Report%202020.pdf|title=Pertamina 2020 Annual Report|website=Pertamina.com}}</ref>
| operating_income = {{decrease}} US$ 4.1 billion (2020)<ref name="xbrlus_1"/>
| net_income = {{decrease}} US$ 1.05 billion (2020)<ref name="xbrlus_1"/>
| assets = {{increase}} US$ 71.98 billion (2022)<ref name="xbrlus_1"/>
| equity = {{decrease}} US$ 31.25 billion (2020)<ref name="xbrlus_1"/>
| num_employees = 13,526 (2020)<ref name="xbrlus_1"/>
| owner = [[Government of Indonesia]]
| subsid = ''See [[Pertamina#Subsidiaries|Subsidiaries]]''
| homepage = {{URL|http://www.pertamina.com}}
}}
[[File:Pertamina filling station, Bali, Indonesia.jpg|thumb|alt=Low angle shot of a large canopy over fuel pumps on a sunny day against a white-clouded sky|Pertamina fuel station in [[Bali]]]]
'''PT Pertamina (Persero)''', formerly abbreviated from ''Perusahaan Pertambangan Minyak dan Gas Bumi Negara'' (lit. 'State Oil and Natural Gas Mining Company'), is an Indonesian [[state-owned]] [[oil]] and [[natural gas]] corporation based in [[Jakarta]].<ref>Useful details about the history of Pertamina are contained in the book about Pertamina by Rhenald Kasali, ''DNA mutation of a powerhouse: Pertamina on the move'', PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama, Jakarta, 2008</ref> It was created in August 1968 by the merger of ''Pertamin'' (established 1961) and ''Permina'' (established 1957). In 2020, the firm was the third-largest crude oil producer in Indonesia behind US-based companies [[ExxonMobil]]'s Mobil Cepu Ltd and [[Chevron Corporation|Chevron Pacific Indonesia]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Afriyadi |first1=Achmad Dwi |title=Ini Daftar Produsen Migas Terbesar RI, Pertamina Nomor Berapa? |url=https://finance.detik.com/energi/d-5226262/ini-daftar-produsen-migas-terbesar-ri-pertamina-nomor-berapa |access-date=11 April 2021 |publisher=detikFinance |date=23 October 2020}}</ref> According to the 2020 ''[[Fortune Global 500]]'' list, of which the company is included, Pertamina is [[List of largest companies in Indonesia|the largest company in Indonesia]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://fortune.com/global500/2019/|title=Global 500|website=Fortune|language=en|access-date=2019-07-25}}</ref>

==History==
===Nationalization===
In 1957, [[Shell plc|Royal Dutch/Shell]]'s assets in Indonesia (trading as [[Bataafse Petroleum Maatschappij]]) were nationalised, from which '''Permina''' was founded as a state-owned oil monopoly, headed by Lieutenant-General [[Ibnu Sutowo]].<ref>Vickers (2005), p. 185.</ref> Ibnu Sutowo's position as the second deputy of [[Abdul Haris Nasution]] was the beginning of the armed forces' involvement in the oil industry.<ref>Ricklefs, ''A History of Modern Indonesia Since c. 1300'', 2nd ed., Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1994, p. 262.</ref> Permina distributed oil for the entire archipelago.

Permina founded the Apprentice Technical School (''Sekolah Kader Teknik'') in [[Pangkalan Brandan|Brandan]] to train and produce experts in the field. To meet this goal Permina established the Oil Academy in [[Bandung]] in 1962. Oil Academy's curriculum pertains to the technical aspects of the oil industry, and the graduates became the main forces of Pertamin (which later transformed to Pertamina).

In 1960, the [[Provisional People's Consultative Assembly]] enacted a policy that the mining of Indonesian oil and ground gases are only permitted for the state, through a state-administered company. '''Pertamin''', established in 1961, was responsible for the administration, management and controlling of the exploration and production. The policy was short-lived. An agreement between the state and foreign companies was affirmed that gradually, [[oil refinery]] manufactures and other assets in marketing and distribution were to be sold to Indonesia within five to fifteen years.

In 1968, to consolidate the oil and gas industry for its management, exploration, marketing and distribution, Permina and Pertamin merged and became PN. Pertamina. It continued to do little drilling itself but made production-sharing agreements with foreign companies.

===The 1970s===
After the merge, Pertamina's production rose considerably (about 15% each in 1968 and 1969, and nearly 20% in 1973).<ref>Ricklefs, 296</ref> By the end of 1973, it directly produced 28.2% of Indonesia's oil, with agreements of [[Caltex]] and [[Standard Vacuum Oil Company|Stanvac]] to produce the rest (67.8% and 3.6%, respectively). Its assets included seven [[oil refinery|refineries]], [[oil terminal]]s, 116 [[oil tanker|tankers]], 102 other vessels and an airline. It was also active in [[cement]], [[fertiliser]], [[liquid natural gas]], [[steel]], [[hospital]]s, [[real estate]], a [[rice]] estate, and [[telecommunications]].

The 1974 oil price increases produced revenues of $4.2 billion in that year, equivalent to approximately one-sixth of Indonesia's gross domestic product. Much of this revenue was used by Sutowo to expand Pertamina's interests far beyond oil production to include investments in oil tankers, steel and construction.<ref>Schwarz (1994), p. 55</ref> Pertamina built the [[Bina Graha]], the presidential executive office building in [[Jakarta]].<ref name="R301">Ricklefs, 301</ref> The global oil crisis of the 1970s greatly increased oil prices and profits. Pertamina initially provided a fiscal lift to the hopes of [[Berkeley mafia|Indonesia's development planners]].

For President [[Suharto]] and other members of the ruling elite revenue from Pertamina was "an ongoing source of funding" without accountability. "They ran this cash-cow into the ground, using it for both military and personal ends."<ref name="Vickers, Adrian 2005. p. 185">Vickers, Adrian. 2005. ''A History of Modern Indonesia,'' Cambridge: University of Cambridge Press, p. 185.</ref> Historian [[Adrian Vickers]] describes the endemic corruption at Pertamina:
<blockquote>
At each stage of the transaction chain, somebody was getting a percentage... If accidents occurred, as in 1972 when eighty impoverished people died... they could be covered up.<ref>Vickers, Adrian. 2005. ''A History of Modern Indonesia,'' Cambridge: University of Cambridge Press, p. 187.</ref>
</blockquote>
[[File:Fokker F.27-200 PK-PFV Pertamina Seletar 14.09.74 edited-2.jpg|thumb|right|[[Fokker Friendship|Fokker F.27 Series 200 Friendship]] of Pertamina used for transport of employees and equipment during the 1970s]]
In 1973, the government's ability to borrow money from overseas was constrained, and Pertamina was no longer providing revenues to the state. Instead, the massive enterprise turned out not to be making money but compiling exponentially large losses. In February 1975, Pertamina could no longer pay its American and Canadian creditors.<ref>McCawley, Peter. 1978. "Some Consequences of the Pertamina Crisis in Indonesia," ''Jour of Southeast Asian Studies'', IX(1), March.</ref> An investigation followed, which revealed over [[US dollar|US$]]10 billion in debts, mismanagement, and corruption within the company. This debt was equivalent to approximately thirty per cent of Indonesia's [[GNP]] at the time.<ref name="Schwartz55">{{cite book |last=Schwarz |first=A. |year=1994 |title=A Nation in Waiting: Indonesia in the 1990s |publisher=Westview Press |isbn=1-86373-635-2 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/nationinwaitingi00schw }}</ref> Others offer a figure of a $15 billion debt.<ref>cf., Vickers, Adrian. 2005. ''A History of Modern Indonesia,'' Cambridge: University of Cambridge Press, p. 185.</ref> A public investigation hurt the reputation of the national elite both among Indonesians and foreigners. The charges against [[Ibnu Sutowo]] were dismissed. [[Ibnu Sutowo]] and his family were among the richest and most powerful in Indonesia, into the 21st century.<ref name="Vickers, Adrian 2005. p. 185"/> The government took over the operation of the company and sought means by which to repay its debts.<ref name="R301"/> Pertamina's debt problems were eventually solved through a large government bail-out, which nearly doubled Indonesia's foreign debt.<ref name="Schwartz55"/>

===Since the 1980s===

[[Human rights]] observers have long expressed concerns about Indonesia's hostility to [[Trade union|labour unions]]. According to the ''[[Multinational Monitor]]:'' "In 1985, the government ordered the firing of over 1,600 workers at Pertamina and foreign oil companies, charging that they had been members of the [[Communist Party of Indonesia|Indonesian Communist Party]], which had been permanently banned 19 years earlier when [[Suharto]] took power."<ref>Weissman 1990</ref>

In 2003 Pertamina legally became PT PERTAMINA (Persero), as per the enactment of Government Regulation No.31/2003. Pertamina is now under the coordinator of the State Minister of State-owned Enterprises.

Like other contractors, Pertamina holds a Cooperation Contract with the Oil and Gas Regulatory Body. With its transformation into a [[limited company]], Pertamina has become a business entity with the main target of making a profit.

==President directors==
During the 1970s, until 1976, the president director of Pertamina was [[Ibnu Sutowo]], a well-known figure in Indonesia. Since then, there have been a number of president directors. Recent president directors have included the following:

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! rowspan="2"| No
! rowspan="2"| Name
! colspan="2"| Term of office
! rowspan="2"| Remarks
|-
! Start
! End
|-
| 1
| Soegijanto
| 1996
| 1998
|
|-
| 2
| Martiono Hadianto
| 1998
| 2000
| Before his appointment as president director of Pertamina, Martiono was briefly Finance Director of the state-owned airline company [[Garuda Indonesia]]<ref>Satria Rangga Fausta, '[http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2010/12/11/martiono-hadianto-in-zero-competition-reputation-alone-exists.html Martiono Hadianto: In zero competition, reputation alone exists'], ''The Jakarta Post'', 11 December 2010.</ref>
|-
| 3
| Baihaki Hakim
| 2000
| 2003
| Baihaki was formerly president of [[Chevron Texaco]]'s [[subsidiary]] in Indonesia PT Caltex Pacific Indonesia. He was appointed as president director of Pertamina by the president [[Abdurrahman Wahid]] in 2000. Subsequent to his resignation in 2003, there was controversy surrounding decisions taken in Pertamina during his period as president director concerning the purchase of [[Supertanker|giant tankers]] for the transport of oil.<ref>'[http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2004/06/15/rentseekers-pertamina.html Rent-seekers in Pertamina'] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141205170732/http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2004/06/15/rentseekers-pertamina.html |date=5 December 2014 }}, ''The Jakarta Post'', 16 June 2004. See also '[http://m.thejakartapost.com/news/2004/06/25/baihaki-defends-tanker-purchase.html Baihaki defends tanker purchase'] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141205170736/http://m.thejakartapost.com/news/2004/06/25/baihaki-defends-tanker-purchase.html |date=5 December 2014 }}, ''The Jakarta Post'', 25 June 2004.</ref>
|-
| 4
| Ariffi Nawawi
| 2003
| 2004
|
|-
| 5
| Widya Purnama
| 2004
| 2006
|Widya Purnama was appointed from outside of the energy sector, formerly having been president (since 2002) of the Indonesian telecommunications company [[Indosat|PT Indosat]].
|-
| 6
| Ari Hernanto Soemarno
| 2006
| 2009
|
|-
| 7
| [[Karen Agustiawan]]
| 2009
| 2014
| In February 2009 it was announced that [[Karen Agustiawan]] would become president director of Pertamina for a five-year term.<ref>Alfian, '[http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2009/02/08/karen-agustiawan-challenges-male-domination-oil-and-gas-industry.html Karen Agustiawan: Challenges male domination of oil and gas industry'], ''The Jakarta Post'', 8 February 2009.</ref> Her appointment was extended in 2013.<ref>Amahl S. Azwar, '[http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2013/03/06/karen-gets-rare-extension-lead-pertamina.html Karen gets rare extension to lead Pertamina'], ''The Jakarta Post'', 6 March 2013.</ref> She resigned for unannounced reasons in August 2014. It was said at the time that she had plans to teach in [[Harvard University]] in the United States.<ref>'[http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2014/08/18/pertamina-ceo-resigns-pursue-teaching-career-harvard-dahlan.html Pertamina CEO resigns to pursue a teaching career at Harvard: Dahlan'], ''The Jakarta Post'', 18 August 2014.</ref>
|-
| 8
| Dwi Soetjipto
| 2014
| 2017
| In November 2014, the new president of Indonesia [[Joko Widodo]] announced a major reorganisation of the board of Pertamina as part of a series of reform measures for the energy sector. A new president director, Dwi Soetjipto, was appointed along with a number of new members to the board. The appointment of Dwi Soetjipto, previously president director of the major state-owned cement firm PT Semen Indonesia, attracted media attention because unlike most previous president directors of Pertamina, he had little previous experience in the oil sector.<ref>Raras Cahyafitri, '[http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2014/11/28/semen-indonesia-chief-heading-pertamina.html Semen Indonesia chief heading Pertamina'], ''The Jakarta Post'', 28 November 2014.</ref>
|-
| 9
| Elia Massa Manik
| 2017
| 2018
| In March 2017, after Soetjipto was dismissed due to leadership issues, the Board appointed Manik who had served as president director of Elnusa, a Pertamina subsidiary, from 2011 to 2014. He then spent a period as the CEO of PT Perkebunan Nusantara (PTPN) III, the holding company of 14 state-owned agriculture firms.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2017/03/16/elia-massa-manik-appointed-as-new-pertamina-chief.html|title=Elia Massa Manik appointed Pertamina chief|work=The Jakarta Post|access-date=2017-05-05|language=en}}</ref>
|-
| 10
| Nicke Widyawati
| 2018
| ''present''
|In late August 2018, it was announced that president [[Joko Widodo|Jokowi]] had decided that Nicke Widyawati, who had been acting president director since March, would be confirmed in the position of head of Pertamina. The decision was announced at a press conference in the Ministry for State-Owned Enterprises on 29 August.<ref>'[http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2018/08/29/jokowi-has-high-hopes-for-new-pertamina-ceo.html Jokowi has high hopes for new Pertamina CEO'], ''The Jakarta Post'', 29 August 2018, and Shotaro Tani, '[https://asia.nikkei.com/Business/Companies/Pertamina-s-new-CEO-faces-tough-fight-amid-low-state-set-prices-and-rising-costs Pertamina's new CEO faces tough fight amid low state-set prices and rising costs'], ''Nikkei Asian Review'', 29 August 2018.</ref>

|}

==Facilities==

===Refineries===
Pertamina has not built any new refineries since the Balongan refinery was opened in West Java in the mid-1990s.<ref>Hanun Nugroho, '[http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2008/07/14/consumption-keeps-growing-energy-infrastructure-worsens.html Consumption keeps growing as energy infrastructure worsens'], ''The Jakarta Post'', 14 July 2008. see also Tito Summa Siahaan & Dominic G. Diongson, '[http://www.thejakartaglobe.com/business/crude-hurdles-in-getting-new-oil-refineries-2/ Crude Hurdles in Getting New Oil Refiniries'], ''The Jakarta Globe'', 20 May 2013.</ref>

[[PTT Public Company Limited]] and Pertamina signed into partnership to build a new petrochemical complex in Indonesia for an estimated cost of US $4 to 5 billion.<ref name=ref2013040106>
{{Cite news
| title = Thailand's PTT delays Malaysia investment
| publisher = Investvine.com
| date = 1 April 2013
| url= http://investvine.com/thailands-ptt-delays-malaysia-investment/
| access-date =6 April 2013}}
</ref>

As of 2013, Pertamina operates six [[Oil refinery|oil refineries]] which have a total combined capacity of around {{convert|1|e6oilbbl|e3m3|abbr=off|lk=on}} of oil per day:<ref>Amahl S. Azwar, '[http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2013/01/07/top-official-urges-ri-offer-incentives-refinery-construction.html Top official urgest RI to offer incentives for refinery construction'], ''The Jakarta Post'', 7 January 2012. Further details (in Indonesian) are on the [http://www.pertamina.com/Refinery.aspx Pertamina refinery website] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130115002634/http://pertamina.com/Refinery.aspx |date=15 January 2013 }}.</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:40%;"
|+ Pertamina: Refineries in Indonesia
|-
! scope="col" | No
! scope="col" | Refinery Unit (RU)
! scope="col" | Unit
! scope="col" | Province
! scope="col" | Capacity ({{val||e=3}} [[Barrel (unit)#Oil barrel|bbl]]/d)
! scope="col" | Capacity ({{val||e=3}} [[cubic metre|m3]]/d)
|-
|1
|RU II
|Dumai
|[[Riau]]
| {{convert|127|oilbbl|m3|disp=table}}
|-
|2
|RU III
|Plaju (Musi)
|[[South Sumatra]]
| {{convert|127|oilbbl|m3|disp=table}}
|-
|3
|RU IV
|Cilacap
|[[Central Java]]
| {{convert|348|oilbbl|m3|disp=table}}
|-
|4
|RU V
|Balikpapan
|[[East Kalimantan]]
| {{convert|260|oilbbl|m3|disp=table}}
|-
|5
|RU VI
|Balongan
|[[West Java]]
| {{convert|125|oilbbl|m3|disp=table}}
|-
|6
|RU VII
|Kasim
|[[West Papua (province)|West Papua]]
| {{convert|10|oilbbl|m3|disp=table}}
|-
|
|'''Total'''
|
|
|{{convert|997|oilbbl|m3|disp=table|sigfig=3}}
|}
Source: Indonesian Ministry of Energy and Resources, [https://web.archive.org/web/20130415150132/http://esdm.go.id/publikasi/handbook-of-energy-a-economics-statistics-of-indon-handbook-of-energy-a-economics-statistics-of-indon-.html 2012 Handbook of Energy and Economic Statistics of Indonesia]. 
('''Note:''' By world standards, none of Indonesia's refineries are large. The world's largest refinery, at [[Jamnagar Refinery|Jamnagar]] in India, has a production capacity of over {{convert|1,200,000|oilbbl|m3|abbr=off}} per day. As a rule of thumb, refineries need to produce at least {{convert|200,000|oilbbl|m3|abbr=on}} per day to reach reasonable international standards of efficiency.)<ref>For a comparative list of oil refineries across the world, see this [[List of oil refineries]].</ref>

There are several other refineries in Indonesia which Pertamina has responsibilities for:

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:40%;"
|+ Other Refineries in Indonesia
|-
! scope="col" | No
! scope="col" | Unit
! scope="col" | Province
! scope="col" | Capacity ({{val||e=3}} [[Barrel (unit)#Oil barrel|bbl]]/d) 
! scope="col" | Capacity ({{val||e=3}} [[cubic metre|m3]]/d)
|-
|1
|Sei Pakning
|[[Riau]]
| {{convert|50|oilbbl|m3|disp=table}}
|-
|2
|Cepu
|[[Central Java]]
| {{convert|4|oilbbl|m3|disp=table}}
|-
|3
|Tuban (TPPI)<ref>'[http://www.pertamina.com/en/news-room/news-release/tuban-refinery-reoperates/ Tuban refinery reoperates'] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170115221724/http://www.pertamina.com/en/news-room/news-release/tuban-refinery-reoperates/ |date=15 January 2017 }}, 7 November 2013.</ref>
|[[East Java]]
| {{convert|100|oilbbl|m3|disp=table}}
|-
|}
Source: Indonesian Ministry of Energy and Resources, [https://web.archive.org/web/20130415150132/http://esdm.go.id/publikasi/handbook-of-energy-a-economics-statistics-of-indon-handbook-of-energy-a-economics-statistics-of-indon-.html 2012 Handbook of Energy and Economic Statistics of Indonesia].

In addition to the refineries which Pertamina owns, Pertamina has invested in two operating companies that manage output from LNG plants.

* PT Badak LNG operates a plant in [[Bontang]], East Kalimantan, with 8 trains having a total capacity of 22.5 million tons per annum.
* PT Donggi Senoro LNG in Uso Village, Batui Subdistrict, Banggai Regency, Central Sulawesi Province, with 1 train with a capacity of 2 million tons per annum.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://donggisenorolng.co.id/dslng-project/eng/DSLNG-project/|title=Donggi Senoro LNG project|website=Donggisenorolng.co.id|access-date=5 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170824122949/http://www.donggisenorolng.co.id/dslng-project/eng/DSLNG-Project|archive-date=24 August 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>
Pertamina also invested in the PT Arun 6 LNG trains near [[Lhokseumawe]], Aceh, which had a total capacity of 12.5 million tons per annum. They closed down due to a lack of feed gas in 2014, and now Arun has used an LNG import terminal.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lngworldnews.com/new-lng-story-begins-for-arun-terminal/|title=New LNG story begins for Arun terminal|website=Lngworldnews.com|date=10 March 2015|access-date=5 June 2018}}</ref>

During 2012 and early 2013, it was announced several times that there were plans to build two more large fuel refineries, each with a capacity of around {{convert|300,000|oilbbl|m3|abbr=off}} per day, perhaps in Balongan, West Java (or, alternatively, in Bontang, East Kalimantan) and in Tuban, East Java. The first facility was planned to be built by Pertamina in partnership with [[Kuwait Petroleum Corporation|Kuwait Petroleum]], while the second was expected to be built by Pertamina in co-operation with [[Saudi Aramco]]. Total investment was expected to be around $20 billion.<ref>Amahl S. Azwar, '[http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2013/02/13/ri-s-dream-more-oil-refineries-hits-govt-intransigence.html RI's dream for more oil refineries hits govt intransigence'], ''The Jakarta Post'', 13 February 2013 and Amahl S. Azwar, '[http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2013/05/04/indonesia-woo-iraq-invest-oil-refineries.html Indonesia to woo Iraq to invest in oil refineries'], ''The Jakarta Post'', 4 May 2013.</ref> One main problem holding up an agreement to build the refineries was the issue of financial concessions to be provided for the foreign investors.<ref>Amahl S. Azwar, '[http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2013/05/20/govt-rebuff-incentive-proposal-oil-refineries.html Govt to rebuff incentive proposal for oil refineries'], ''The Jakarta Post'', 20 May 2013.</ref> Eventually, in September 2013 it was announced that the plans for the first refinery had been cancelled. At the same time, the government said that there were plans for yet a different refinery project which would be constructed solely by Pertamina and funded by the state. The crude oil for this alternative project was expected to be supplied from Iraq.<ref>Amahl S. Azwar, '[http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2013/09/20/ri-oil-from-opec-net-importer.html RI oil: From OPEC to net importer]', ''The Jakarta Post'', 20 September 2013.</ref> Pending further progress on these large investment plans, Pertamina has announced (late 2014) plans to upgrade the existing refineries so as to add around {{convert|500,000|oilbbl|m3|abbr=on}} per day to Pertamina's current refining capacity of around {{convert|1|e6oilbbl|e3m3|abbr=unit}} per day.<ref>Raras Cahyafitri, '[http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2014/10/03/pertamina-plans-upgrade-oil-refineries.html Pertamina plans to upgrade oil refineries'], ''The Jakarta Post'', 3 October 2014.</ref>

Pertamina also has two gas reserves and a petrochemical company. Pertamina's products include a great variety of fuels, chemicals, additives, and retail products.

===Petrol pumps===
Pertamina is the largest distribution network of petroleum products ([[gas stations]], etc.) in Indonesia.{{Citation needed|date=February 2010}}

===Bright Convenience Store===
Along with the gas stations, Pertamina also has a convenience store chain, integrated with their gas stations. The development of Bright convenience stores and cafes is self-governed by PT Pertamina Retail.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pertaminaretail.com/Bright.aspx|title=Pertamina Retail|website=Pertaminaretail.com|access-date=5 June 2018}}</ref>

==Subsidiaries==

These are 27 subsidiaries of Pertamina based on Pertamina Annual Report 2016.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.pertamina.com/en/documents/laporan-tahunan |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180102224828/http://www.pertamina.com/en/documents/laporan-tahunan |archive-date=2 January 2018 |title=Documents {{!}} Corporate Website PT Pertamina (Persero)}}</ref>

* '''Pertamina EP'''

PT Pertamina EP (PEP) is engaged in managing upstream oil and gas production through more manageable exploration and exploitation activities. Adding to that, PEP has been undertaking other supporting businesses, which have been intended to back up the main business directly or indirectly.

Presently, Pertamina EP production level for oil is around {{convert|127.6|e6oilbbl|e6m3|abbr=off|lk=on|sigfig=3}} per day and around {{convert|1054|e6ft3|e6m3|abbr=off|lk=on}} per day at [[Standard conditions for temperature and pressure|standard conditions]] for gas.

Pertamina EP Working Areas of 140.000 km2 were once largely PT Pertamina (Persero)’s Oil and Gas Mining Authority Zone. The working areas are managed through its own operation and partnership co-operation.

Pertamina EP Working Areas consist of five assets. The operation of those assets comprise 19 Field Areas, namely Rantau, Pangkalan Susu, Lirik, Jambi and Ramba in Asset 1, Prabumulih, Adera, Limau and Pendopo in Asset 2, Tambun, Subang and Jatibarang in Asset 3, Cepu in Asset 4 as well as Sangatta, Sangasanga, Bunyu, Tarakan, Tanjung and Papua in Asset 5.

Besides the management of working areas as stated earlier, other business patterns include management through projects, such as Pondok Makmur Development Project in West Java, Paku Gajah Development Project in South Sumatera, Jawa Gas Development Project in Central Java, and Matindok Gas Development Project in Central Sulawesi.

* '''Pertamina Gas'''

Pertamina established PT Pertagas on 23 February 2007, and it became PT Pertamina Gas in 2008. The company undertakes gas transportation, trading and processing.
In the gas transmission business, Pertamina owns a gas pipeline network with a total volume of 34,000 km-inches in Northern Sumatra, Central Sumatra, Southern [[Sumatra]], Western Java, Eastern [[Java]], and East [[Kalimantan]]

In January 2009, PT Pertamina Gas obtained a Transportation Permit and in February 2009, it received an exclusive right from BPH Migas for [[Natural gas|gas]] transportation along 43 transmission routes. These permits and exclusive rights complemented the business permit that had been issued previously (in September 2008). By obtaining a business license and special rights, PT Pertamina Gas now has a regulatory basis to play the principal role in the gas business in Indonesia.

* '''Pertamina Geothermal Energy'''

PGE was founded on 12 December 2006. This Pertamina subsidiary carries out geothermal exploration and exploitation in 15 working areas (WKP) in Indonesia, namely: Sibayak-Sinabung, Sibual-buali–Sarulla, Sungai Penuh-Sumurup, Tambang Sawah-Hululais, Lumut Balai, Waypanas-Ulubelu, Cibereum-Parabakti, Pengalengan (Patuha-Wayang Windu), Kamojang-Darajat, Karaha-Telagabodas, Dieng, Iyang-Argopuro, Tabanan-Bali, Lahendong-Tompaso and Kotamobagu.

* '''Pertamina EP Cepu'''

PEP Cepu, which was established on 14 September 2005, is a subsidiary of PT Pertamina (Persero) that focuses on the upstream oil and gas business. In the [[Cepu, Blora|Cepu]] Block, Pertamina has a 45% interest in partnership with Mobil Cepu Ltd (as the operator) and the Regional Owned Enterprise (BUMD) that manages the KKS for the Cepu Block.

* '''Pertamina Drilling Services Indonesia'''

PT PDSI was established on 13 June 2008 as a drilling service management business entity.
The services provided comprise drilling, workover activities, and drilling services that use a Daily Rate and Integrated Drilling Management (MPT) system for oil, gas, and geothermal wells.

Presently, PT PDSI owns 34 drilling rigs (28 owned by PT PDSI and 6 transferred from PT Usayana)

* '''Pertamina Hulu Energy'''

PHE is one of the Upstream Directorate subsidiaries working in the oil and gas upstream business and is also an upstream business vehicle for managing the domestic and overseas co-operation portfolio in the form of Production Sharing Contracts (PSC), Joint Operating Body-Production Sharing Contracts (JOB-PSC), Indonesian Participating / Pertamina Participating Interests (IP/PPI) and Badan Operasi Bersama (BOB). PHE’s overseas working areas covered: [[Western Desert (Iraq)|Western Desert]] Block 3, Iraq; Block 10 & 11.1, Offshore South Vietnam; Block SK-305, Offshore Sarawak, Malaysia; Sabratah 17-3 Block, Offshore Libya; Sirte 123-3 Block, Libya; Block 13, Red Sea, Offshore Sudan; Block-3, Offshore Qatar; and Basker Manta Gummy Block, Australia.

* '''Pertamina Internasional EP'''

Pertamina Internasional Eksplorasi dan Produksi (PIEP) is established on 18 November 2013, based on the need for international asset management that is focused on overseas assets of PT Pertamina (Persero).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.piep.pertamina.com/siapa-kami|title = Pertamina Internasional EP | Siapa Kami}}</ref>

* '''Pertamina EP Cepu ADK'''

PT Pertamina EP Cepu ADK hereinafter referred to as PEPC ADK was established on 15 August 2013 in order to manage Fields of Alas Dara and Kemuning (ADK). Following the prevailing rules and legislation in the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, the PSC between SKKMigas and PEPC ADK was signed on 26 February 2014. PEPC ADK is the operator of Alas Dara and Kemuning, located in Blora, Central Java, which was previously operated by Mobil Cepu Ltd. (MCL). In line with the commitment to the Government, PEPC ADK shall conduct Well Re-entry, Perform G&G Study, GGR Study, and exploration drilling. Since established, the PEPC ADK has never changed its name.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://pepcadk.pertamina.com/media/1027/laporan-tahunan-tahun-buku-2016.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=7 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612140834/http://pepcadk.pertamina.com/media/1027/laporan-tahunan-tahun-buku-2016.pdf |archive-date=12 June 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

* '''ConocoPhillips Algeria Ltd'''

ConocoPhillips Algeria Ltd. owns three onshore oil fields. The company is based in Algeria. As of 27 November 2013, ConocoPhillips Algeria Ltd. operates as a subsidiary of PT Pertamina (Persero).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapid=225356407 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612161823/https://www.bloomberg.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapid=225356407 |archive-date=12 June 2018 |title=ConocoPhillips Algeria Ltd.: Private Company Information - Bloomberg|website=[[Bloomberg News]] }}</ref>

* '''Pertamina Gas Negara'''
{{main|Pertamina Gas Negara}}

* '''Pertamina Power Indonesia'''
* '''Pertamina Patra Niaga'''
* '''Pertamina Trans Kontinental'''
* '''Pertamina Retail'''
* '''Pertamina Lubricants'''
* '''Pertamina Internasional Shipping'''
* '''Pertamina Training & Consulting'''
* '''Patra Jasa'''
* '''Pertamina Bina Medika'''
* '''[[Pelita Air|Pelita Air Service]]'''
* '''Pertamina Dana Ventura'''
* '''Elnusa, Tbk.'''
* '''Pertamina Internasional Timor S.A.'''
* '''Pertamina Hulu Indonesia'''
* '''Pertamina East Natuna'''
* '''Pertamina Energy Trading Limited'''
* '''Pertamina E&P Libya'''
*'''Tugu Pratama Indonesia'''
*'''Pratama Mitra Sejati'''

==Products==
There are various PERTAMINA products consisting of fuel (BBM), non-fuel, gas, petrochemical products, and lubricants.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pertamina.com/index.php/detail/read/our_products |title=Archived copy |access-date=2011-01-29 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101214135109/http://pertamina.com/index.php/detail/read/our_products |archive-date=14 December 2010 |df=dmy-all }} Pertamina Products</ref>

{{col-begin}}
{{col-3}}
'''Fuel (BBM)'''

Fuel Products:
* Kerosene
* HSD (High-Speed Diesel)
* MDF (Marine Diesel Fuel)
* MFO (Marine Fuel Oil)
* Motor Gasoline (e.g. Premium 88 and Solar)
{{col-3}}
'''Special Fuel '''

Special Fuel products:

* Aviation Gasoline
* Aviation Turbine Fuel
* Pertalite (RON 90)
* Pertamax (RON 92)
* Pertamax Turbo (RON 98)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.iotomotif.com/47594/pertamax-turbo-segera-meluncur-di-indonesia/|title=Pertamax Turbo Segera Meluncur di Indonesia - Majalah Otomotif Indonesia|date=10 August 2016|website=Iotomotif.com|access-date=5 June 2018|archive-date=21 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221141925/https://www.iotomotif.com/47594/pertamax-turbo-segera-meluncur-di-indonesia/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Pertamax Racing (RON 100)
* Solar/Bio Solar (CN 48, Sulfur 3.500 ppm)
* Dexlite (CN 51, Sulfur 1.200 ppm)
* Pertamina Dex (CN 53, Sulfur 300 ppm)
{{col-3}}
'''Non-Fuel (Non-BBM)'''

Non Fuel Products:

* Asphalt
* Calcined Coke
* Green Coke
* Heavy Aromate
* Paraffin Wax
* Solvent
* Lube Base Oil
* Slack Wax
{{col-3}}
'''Lube Base Oil'''

Pertamina’s Lube Base Oil Products based on their function:

* Automotive Gear Oil
* Circulating Oils
* Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine Oils
* Industrial and Marine Engine Oils
* Industrial and Hydraulic Oils
* Passenger Car Oils
* Powershift Transmissions and Heavy Equipment Hydraulic Oils
* Refrigerating Oils
* Two-Stroke Gasoline Engine Oils
{{col-3}}
'''Gas'''

Gas products include:
* LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas)
* Gas Fuel (BBG)
* Musicool (Substitute refrigerant for CFC, with low pollution and environmentally friendly)
{{col-3}}
'''Petrochemical'''

Petrochemical products include:
* Benzene
* Paraxylene
* Polypropylene
* Pure Terephthalic Acid (PTA)
* Sulfur
{{col-end}}

==Commercial automotive partnerships==
Pertamina is an official recommended fuel and lubricants partner for [[Lamborghini]] for automobiles since 2015.

==Sports sponsorships==
{{More citations needed|section|date=July 2023}}
From 2005 until 2007 Pertamina became the main sponsor for [[Doni Tata Pradita]] in [[Yamaha Motor Company|Yamaha]] Team who raced in the [[MotoGP]] 125cc and 250cc class wildcard entry in [[Malaysian motorcycle Grand Prix]]. The partnership was extended to full [[2008 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season|2008]] season, with Pradita scored a single point in China.

Then starting the [[2021 Moto2 World Championship|2021]] season, Pertamina collaborated with the Mandalika Racing Team and SAG Team to compete both in Moto2 World Championship and the CEV Moto2 Championship.

[[Rio Haryanto]], Indonesia's first [[Formula One]] driver, was sponsored by Pertamina throughout his junior career and played a role in securing his drive with the [[Manor Racing]] team in [[2016 Formula One World Championship|2016]]. However, Pertamina ended their sponsorship with Manor halfway through the season as Haryanto was demoted to reserve driver due to lack of funding.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2017-01-03 |title=Pertamina drops sponsorship for F1 driver Haryanto |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/sports/pertamina-drops-sponsorship-for-f1-driver-haryanto/articleshow/56314193.cms |access-date=2023-07-08 |issn=0013-0389}}</ref>

Since 2016 Pertamina has also supported Indonesian driver [[Sean Gelael]], with its brandings prominently featured in his race cars ever since.

Pertamina also sponsored the Italian automotive manufacturer [[Lamborghini]] since 2015 as an official global lubricant partner, which also extended to [[Lamborghini Super Trofeo]] as title sponsor.

Pertamina is the main sponsor for [[Mandalika International Street Circuit]] and [[Indonesian motorcycle Grand Prix]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sports |first=Dorna |title=Pertamina to title sponsor Grand Prix of Indonesia |url=https://www.motogp.com/en/news/2022/02/09/pertamina-to-title-sponsor-grand-prix-of-indonesia/406065 |access-date=2023-07-08 |website=www.motogp.com |language=en}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Pertamina}}
* {{Official website|http://www.pertamina.com}} {{in lang|id|en}}

{{Portal|Indonesia}}
{{Petroleum industry}}
{{authority control}}

[[Category:Pertamina| ]]
[[Category:Companies based in Jakarta]]
[[Category:Oil and gas companies of Indonesia]]
[[Category:National oil and gas companies|Indo]]
[[Category:Government-owned companies of Indonesia]]
[[Category:Non-renewable resource companies established in 1957]]
[[Category:Indonesian brands]]
[[Category:Biodiesel producers]]
[[Category:Automotive fuel retailers]]
[[Category:Energy companies established in 1957]]
[[Category:Indonesian companies established in 1957]]

2023 IMSA SportsCar Championship

2022-12-14T16:57:00Z

Willy3198: /* GT Daytona (GTD Pro / GTD) */

{{Use mdy dates|date=December 2022}}
{{Motorsport season
| series = IMSA SportsCar Championship
| year = 2023
| previouslink = 2022 IMSA SportsCar Championship
|footer = Support series: [[2023 Michelin Pilot Challenge|Michelin Pilot Challenge]] [[2023 VP Racing SportsCar Challenge|VP Racing SportsCar Challenge]] [[2023 Porsche Carrera Cup North America|Porsche Carrera Cup NA]] [[2023 Mazda MX-5 Cup|Mazda MX-5 Cup]]
}}

The '''2023 IMSA SportsCar Championship''' (known for sponsorship reasons as the '''2023 WeatherTech SportsCar Championship''') is a planned motor racing championship, set to be the 53rd racing season sanctioned by the [[International Motor Sports Association]], which traces its lineage back to the [[1971 IMSA GT Championship]]. It will also be the tenth season of the IMSA SportsCar Championship since the merger between the [[American Le Mans Series]] and the [[Rolex Sports Car Series]] in 2014, and the eighth under the sponsorship of [[WeatherTech]]. The 2023 season marks an overhaul season for the championship, with a change in class structure and a new race on the season calendar at [[Indianapolis Motor Speedway]].

==Classes==

[[File:IMSA GTP class logo.svg|thumb|Grand Touring Prototype class logo]]
* IMSA Grand Touring Prototype (GTP) ([[LMDh]] and [[Le Mans Hypercar|LMH]])
* [[Le Mans Prototype#LMP2|Le Mans Prototype 2]] (LMP2)
* [[Le Mans Prototype#LMP3|Le Mans Prototype 3]] (LMP3)
* [[Group GT3|GT Daytona Pro]] (GTD Pro)
* [[Group GT3|GT Daytona]] (GTD)

[[File:Porsche 963 LMDh.jpg|thumb|250px|The [[Porsche 963]] (pictured at the 2022 Goodwood Festival of Speed) is one of the prototype race cars that are allowed to compete under IMSA’s new GTP class. It complies with the [[LMDh]] regulations.]]
At the end of the 2022 season, IMSA retired the [[Daytona Prototype International]] (DPi) class, which was the premier racing class in the WeatherTech Championship from 2017 until 2022, spanning six seasons. IMSA replaced it with a new class called GTP, named in tribute to the GTP class from the [[IMSA GT Championship]] in the 1980s.

GTP is the new flagship class of the championship and consists of two sister technical regulations: [[LMDh]] (Le Mans Daytona hybrid), and LMH ([[Le Mans Hypercar]]). LMDh allows choosing from a base chassis, of which there are four choices, from [[Dallara]], [[Ligier]], [[Multimatic]], and [[Oreca]], as well as a specification hybrid system on all cars, with freedom on aerodynamics, bodywork, and engine configuration. The LMH regulation allows bespoke hybrid designs and offers more mechanical design freedom in exchange for elevated development costs. As with the DPi class, GTP is regulated by a Balance of Performance (BoP) system to keep the performance range of each of the cars close together and regulate spending.

The GTP class consists of the same framework as the Hypercar class of the [[FIA World Endurance Championship]]. A collaborative alliance between [[International Motor Sports Association|IMSA]] and the French racing organizers, [[Automobile Club de l'Ouest|ACO]], resulted in the convergence of the two organizers' top-class regulations.<ref name="Convergence">{{cite web|url=https://us.motorsport.com/wec/news/le-mans-hypercars-allowed-2023-wec/6628212/|title=WEC's Le Mans Hypercars allowed to compete in IMSA from 2023|last=Watkins|first=Gary|date=July 9, 2021|work=motorsport.com|publisher=[[Motorsport Network]]|accessdate=August 6, 2022}}</ref>

After initially announcing discontinuing the sub-championship entirely on August 5, IMSA later declared on September 1 that they would continue the WeatherTech Sprint Cup, a championship comprising only sprint rounds for the GT Daytona (GTD) class. The only difference was that there would be no Sprint Cup-only rounds for 2023, to combat situations such as the record-low six-car GTD entry at the [[2022 Chevrolet Grand Prix]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.imsa.com/news/2022/08/05/state-of-the-sport-reveals-new-dates-new-venues-and-more-for-imsa-in-2023/|title=State of the Sport Reveals New Dates, New Venues and More for IMSA in 2023|date=August 5, 2022|work=imsa.com|publisher=[[IMSA]]|accessdate=August 6, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://sportscar365.com/imsa/iwsc/imsa-reinstates-weathertech-sprint-cup-for-2023/|title=IMSA Reinstates WeatherTech Sprint Cup for 2023|last=Dagys|first=John|date=September 1, 2022|work=sportscar365.com|publisher=John Dagys Media|accessdate=September 2, 2022}}</ref>

==Schedule==
[[File:Indianapolis Motor Speedway Aerial August 2018.jpg|thumb|275px|[[Indianapolis Motor Speedway]] is set to return to the championship's schedule for the first time since [[2014 United SportsCar Championship|2014]].]]

The provisional schedule was released on August 5, 2022, and features 11 rounds.<ref name="2022Schedule">{{cite web|url=https://sportscar365.com/imsa/iwsc/detroit-not-included-in-2023-weathertech-series-schedule/|title=Detroit Not Included in 2023 WeatherTech Series Schedule|last=Dagys|first=John|date=August 5, 2022|work=sportscar365.com|publisher=John Dagys Media|accessdate=August 6, 2022}}</ref><ref name="WeatherTechSprint23">{{cite web|url=https://sportscar365.com/imsa/iwsc/imsa-reinstates-weathertech-sprint-cup-for-2023/|title=IMSA Reinstates WeatherTech Sprint Cup for 2023|last=Dagys|first=John|date=September 1, 2022|work=sportscar365.com|publisher=John Dagys Media|accessdate=September 1, 2022}}</ref>

{{legend|#bbffff| Race is part of the Michelin Endurance Cup}}
{{legend|#ccffcc| Race is part of the WeatherTech Sprint Cup}}

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;"
|-
! {{Tooltip|Rnd.|Round}}
! Race
! Length
! Classes
! Circuit
! Location
! Date
|- style="background:#bbffff;"
! 1
| [[24 Hours of Daytona|Rolex 24 at Daytona]]
| align="center" | 24 hours
| align="center" | All{{refn|name=LMP2|The LMP2 and LMP3 class will only score points towards the Michelin Endurance Cup.|group="N"}}
|[[Daytona International Speedway]]
|[[Daytona Beach, Florida]]
| January 28–29
|- style="background:#bbffff;"
! 2
| [[12 Hours of Sebring|Mobil 1 Twelve Hours of Sebring Presented by Advance Auto Parts]]
|align=center| 12 hours
|align=center| All
| [[Sebring International Raceway]]
| [[Sebring, Florida]]
| March 18
|- style="background:#ccffcc;"
! 3
| [[Grand Prix of Long Beach]]
| align="center" | 1 hour, 40 minutes
| align="center" | GTP, GTD Pro, GTD
| [[Grand Prix of Long Beach|Long Beach Street Circuit]]
| [[Long Beach, California]]
| April 15
|- style="background:#ccffcc;"
! 4
| [[Motul Course de Monterey]]
| align="center" | 2 hours, 40 minutes
| align="center" | GTP, LMP2, GTD Pro, GTD
| [[WeatherTech Raceway Laguna Seca]]
| [[Monterey, California]]
| May 14
|- style="background:#bbffff;"
! 5
| [[6 Hours of Watkins Glen|Sahlen's Six Hours of The Glen]]
|align=center| 6 hours
|align=center| All
| [[Watkins Glen International]]
| [[Watkins Glen, New York]]
| June 25
|- style="background:#ccffcc;"
! 6
| [[Chevrolet Grand Prix|TBA]]
|align=center| 2 hours, 40 minutes
|align=center| GTP, LMP3, GTD Pro, GTD
| [[Canadian Tire Motorsport Park]]
| [[Bowmanville, Ontario]]
| July 9
|- style="background:#ccffcc;"
! 7
| [[Northeast Grand Prix]]
|align=center| 2 hours, 40 minutes
|align=center| GTD Pro, GTD
| [[Lime Rock Park]]
| [[Lakeville, Connecticut]]
| July 22
|- style="background:#ccffcc;"
! 8
| [[Road Race Showcase at Road America|TBA]]
|align=center| 2 hours, 40 minutes
|align=center| All
| [[Road America]]
| [[Elkhart Lake, Wisconsin]]
| August 6
|- style="background:#ccffcc;"
! 9
| [[GT Challenge at VIR|Michelin GT Challenge at VIR]]
| align="center" | 2 hours, 40 minutes
| align="center" | GTD Pro, GTD
| [[Virginia International Raceway]]
| [[Alton, Virginia]]
| August 27
|- style="background:#ccffcc;"
! 10
| IMSA Battle on the Bricks
|style="text-align:center;"| 2 hours, 40 minutes
|style="text-align:center;"| All
| [[Indianapolis Motor Speedway]]
| [[Speedway, Indiana]]
| September 17
|- style="background:#bbffff;"
! 11
| [[Petit Le Mans|Motul Petit Le Mans]]
|align=center| 10 hours
|align=center| All
| [[Road Atlanta|Michelin Raceway Road Atlanta]]
| [[Braselton, Georgia]]
| October 14
|}
<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 7, 2022 |title=IMSA Sportscar Championship |url=https://racingcalendar.net/championship/imsa-sportscar-championship/2023 |website=RacingCalendar.net}}</ref>
* [[Mid-Ohio Sports Car Course]] was dropped from the calendar. The track had been a part of the championship since 2018. The event was replaced with a sprint race at [[Indianapolis Motor Speedway]], marking IMS' return to the championship for the first time since the series' inaugural season in 2014.<ref name="2022Schedule"/>
* [[Detroit Grand Prix (IndyCar)|The Raceway on Belle Isle]] was also dropped from the calendar as a result of the Belle Isle circuit being replaced in favor of the [[Detroit street circuit]]. The track was a part of the championship for every season of the IMSA SportsCar Championship since its inception in 2014, except for 2020 due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic]].<ref name="2022Schedule"/>
* On December 1, 2022, it was announced that the Rolex 24 Qualifying Race had been canceled for 2023, with the race reverting to a traditional qualifying format. Qualifying will take place on January 22, the final day of the "Roar Before the Rolex 24" preseason test.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dagys |first=John |title=IMSA Scraps Rolex 24 Qualifying Race – Sportscar365 |url=https://sportscar365.com/imsa/iwsc/imsa-scraps-rolex-24-qualifying-race/ |access-date=December 1, 2022 |website=sportscar365.com |language=en-US}}</ref>

== Rule Changes ==

* In response to the 2022 Six Hours of The Glen which saw several cars penalized for drive-time infringements as a result of a red flag for inclement weather, IMSA will now reduce the required drive time by a ratio of 2:1 corresponding to a percentage of the race time lost, rather than 1:1 as had been the rule previously.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Dagys |first=John |title=IMSA Adjusts Red Flag Drive Time Requirements – Sportscar365 |url=https://sportscar365.com/imsa/iwsc/imsa-adjusts-red-flag-drive-time-requirements/ |access-date=October 19, 2022 |website=sportscar365.com |language=en-US}}</ref> For example: If a race is shortened by 10 percent due to a red flag condition, each driver's minimum required drive time would be reduced by 20 percent.
* The minimum sprint race drive time for bronze-categorized drivers in the GTD Class has been reduced from 45 minutes to 35 minutes.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Dagys |first=John |title=IMSA Sets Minimum Drive Time for GTD Bronzes in 2023 – Sportscar365 |url=https://sportscar365.com/imsa/iwsc/imsa-sets-minimum-drive-time-for-gtd-bronzes-in-2023/ |access-date=October 19, 2022 |website=sportscar365.com |language=en-US}}</ref>
* As an incentive for bronze-categorized drivers to participate in qualifying in the GTD Class, teams whose qualifying time is set by a bronze-categorized driver will be permitted to change tires for the start of the race, while teams utilizing drivers of any other categorization must start the race on the tires used in qualifying.<ref name=":1" />
* For drivers competing in more than one car during a race, the cumulative maximum drive time no longer applies to races under 6 hours in length.<ref name=":0" />

==Entries==



===Grand Touring Prototype (GTP)===
{|class="wikitable" style="font-size: 85%"
|-
! Team
! Chassis
! Engine
! {{Tooltip|No.|Car Number}}
! Drivers
! Rounds
|-
| rowspan="6" | {{flagicon|USA}} [[Chip Ganassi Racing|Cadillac Racing]]<ref name="CadillacGTP"/><ref name="CadillacLMDh">{{cite web|url=https://sportscar365.com/lemans/wec/cadillac-lmdh-completes-three-day-road-atlanta-test/|title=Cadillac V-LMDh Completes Three-Day Road Atlanta Test|last=Dagys|first=John|date=August 26, 2022|work=sportscar365.com|publisher=John Dagys Media|accessdate=August 26, 2022}}</ref>
| rowspan="6" | [[Cadillac V-LMDh]]<ref name="CaddyEngine"/>
| rowspan="6" | [[Cadillac]] 5.5 L [[V8 engine|V8]] (2022)
| align="center" rowspan="3" | 01
| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Sébastien Bourdais]]<ref name="GTPLineup"/>
| TBA
|-
| {{flagicon|NZL}} [[Scott Dixon]]<ref name="CCGREnduro">{{cite web|url=https://sportscar365.com/imsa/iwsc/dixon-aitken-complete-cadillac-gtp-lineups-for-enduros/|title=Dixon, Aitken Complete Cadillac GTP Lineups for Enduros|last=Dagys|first=John|date=December 1, 2022|work=sportscar365.com|publisher=John Dagys Media|accessdate=December 1, 2022}}</ref>
| TBA
|-
| {{flagicon|NLD}} [[Renger van der Zande]]<ref name="GTPLineup"/>
| TBA
|-
| align="center" rowspan="3" | 02
| {{flagicon|NZL}} [[Earl Bamber]]<ref name="3rdCadillac">{{cite web|url=https://sportscar365.com/lemans/wec/cadillac-announces-hypercar-lineup-daytona-outing-set/|title=Cadillac Announces Hypercar Lineup; Daytona Outing Set|work=sportscar365.com|publisher=John Dagys Media|access-date=October 3, 2022}}</ref>
| TBA
|-
| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Alex Lynn]]<ref name="3rdCadillac"/>
| TBA
|-
| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Richard Westbrook]]<ref name="3rdCadillac"/>
| TBA
|-
| rowspan="6" | {{flagicon|USA}} [[Team Penske|Porsche Penske Motorsport]]<ref name="PorscheLMDh">{{cite web|url=https://newsroom.porsche.com/en/2022/motorsports/porsche-penske-motorsport-963-presentation-goodwood-ldmh-reglement-fia-wec-imsa-28825.html|title=Global quest for Porsche Penske Motorsport with the new 963|date=June 24, 2022|work=newsroom-porsche.com|publisher=[[Porsche AG]]|accessdate=August 6, 2022}}</ref><ref name="PorscheLMDhHistory">{{cite web|url=https://sportscar365.com/imsa/iwsc/porsche-penske-to-bring-back-lucky-numbers-for-963-program/|title=Porsche, Penske to Bring Back Iconic Numbers for 963 Effort|last=Dagys|first=John|date=September 30, 2022|work=sportscar365.com|publisher=John Dagys Media|accessdate=September 30, 2022}}</ref>
| rowspan="6" | [[Porsche 963]]
| rowspan="6" | [[Porsche Motorsport|Porsche]] 4.6 L [[V8 engine|V8]] [[Turbocharger|twin-turbocharged]] [[DOHC]]
| align="center" rowspan="3" | 6
| {{flagicon|}} TBA
| TBA
|-
| {{flagicon|}} TBA
| TBA
|-
| {{flagicon|}} TBA
| TBA
|-
| align="center" rowspan="3" | 7
| {{flagicon|}} TBA
| TBA
|-
| {{flagicon|}} TBA
| TBA
|-
| {{flagicon|}} TBA
| TBA
|-
| rowspan="4" | {{flagicon|USA}} [[Wayne Taylor Racing|WTR - Konica Minolta Acura]]<ref name="WTRMSRAcura">{{cite web|url=https://racer.com/2021/12/06/acura-opting-for-continuity-ahead-of-imsas-lmdh-switch-in-2023/|title=Acura opting for continuity ahead of IMSA's LMDh switch in 2023|last=Pruett|first=Marshall|date=December 6, 2021|work=racer.com|publisher=Racer Media & Marketing Inc.|access-date=August 6, 2022}}</ref>
| rowspan="4" | [[Acura ARX-06]]
| rowspan="4" | [[Acura]] AR24e 2.4 L [[Turbocharger|twin-turbocharged]] [[V6 engine|V6]]<ref name="AcuraEngine">{{cite web|url=https://www.dailysportscar.com/2022/08/17/acura-reveal-arx-06.html|title=Acura Reveal ARX-06|last=Goodwin|first=Graham|date=August 17, 2022|work=dailysportscar.com|publisher=Dailysportscar|accessdate=August 17, 2022}}</ref>
| align="center" rowspan="4" | 10
| {{flagicon|PRT}} [[Filipe Albuquerque]]<ref name="Albuquerque2023">{{cite web|url=https://www.motorsportweek.com/2022/07/09/albuquerque-hopes-acura-come-to-le-mans-in-2023/|title=Albuquerque hopes Acura come to Le Mans in 2023|last=Oakley|first=Phil|work=motorsportweek.com|publisher=Motorsport Media Services|accessdate=August 6, 2022}}</ref>
| TBA
|-
| {{flagicon|CHE}} [[Louis Delétraz]]<ref name="DeletrazWTR">{{cite web|url=https://www.dailysportscar.com/2022/10/03/louis-deletraz-joins-wayne-taylor-racing-for-imsa-enduros-in-2023.html|title=Louis Deletraz Joins Wayne Taylor Racing For IMSA Enduros In 2023|website=dailysportscar.com|publisher=Dailysportscar|access-date=October 3, 2022}}</ref>
| TBA
|-
| {{flagicon|NZL}} [[Brendon Hartley]]<ref name="DeletrazWTR"/>
| TBA
|-
| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Ricky Taylor]]<ref name="AcuraRollout">{{cite web|url=https://sportscar365.com/imsa/iwsc/acura-arx-06-completes-rollout/|title=Acura ARX-06 Completes Rollout in Paul Ricard|last=Dagys|first=John|date=July 15, 2022|work=sportscar365.com|publisher=John Dagys Media|accessdate=August 6, 2022}}</ref>
| TBA
|-
| rowspan="8" | {{flagicon|USA}} [[Rahal Letterman Lanigan Racing|BMW M Team RLL]]<ref name="BMWRLL">{{cite web |date=November 13, 2021 |title=LMDh and IMSA GTD Pro: BMW Team RLL will continue to race for BMW M Motorsport in North America. |url=https://www.bmw-motorsport.com/en/topics/magazine-article-pool/bmw-m-lmdh-sketch-bobby-rahal.html |accessdate=August 6, 2022 |work=bmw-motorsport.com |publisher=[[BMW M]]}}</ref><ref name="BMWLMDhGTP">{{cite web |last=Dagys |first=John |date=September 22, 2022 |title=BMW Confirms Full-Season GTP Lineup, Reveals Livery |url=https://sportscar365.com/imsa/iwsc/bmw-confirms-full-season-gtp-lineup-reveals-livery/ |accessdate=September 22, 2022 |work=sportscar365.com |publisher=John Dagys Media}}</ref>
| rowspan="8" | [[BMW M Hybrid V8]]
| rowspan="8" | [[BMW P66|BMW P66/3]] 4.0 L [[V8 engine|V8]] [[Turbocharger|twin-turbocharged]] [[DOHC]]
| align="center" rowspan="4" | 24
| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Connor De Phillippi]]<ref name="BMWLMDhLineup"/>
| TBA
|-
| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Colton Herta]]<ref name="BMWLMDhLineup">{{Cite web |date=September 23, 2022 |title=BMW names its IMSA GTP drivers, reveals livery |url=https://racer.com/2022/09/22/bmw-names-its-imsa-gtp-drivers-reveals-livery/ |access-date=September 23, 2022 |website=RACER |language=en-US}}</ref> ‡
| TBA
|-
| {{flagicon|ZAF}} [[Sheldon van der Linde]]<ref name="BMWWittmannSVDL">{{Cite web |last=Lloyd |first=Daniel |title=BMW Selects Van der Linde, Wittmann for Florida Enduros – Sportscar365 |url=https://sportscar365.com/imsa/iwsc/bmw-selects-van-der-linde-wittmann-for-florida-enduros/ |access-date=October 7, 2022 |website=sportscar365.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> ‡
| TBA
|-
| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Nick Yelloly]]<ref name="BMWLMDhLineup"/>
| TBA
|-
| align="center" rowspan="4" | 25
| {{flagicon|AUT}} [[Philipp Eng]]<ref name="BMWLMDhLineup"/>
| TBA
|-
| {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Augusto Farfus]]<ref name="BMWLMDhLineup"/><ref name="BMWLMDhRollout">{{cite web |last=Thukral |first=Rachit |date=July 26, 2022 |title=BMW announces 2024 WEC programme, begins LMDh testing |url=https://us.motorsport.com/wec/news/bmw-2024-wec-programme-lmdh-testing/10343870/?nrt=205 |accessdate=August 6, 2022 |work=motorsport.com |publisher=[[Motorsport Network]]}}</ref>
| TBA
|-
| {{flagicon|DEU}} [[Marco Wittmann]]<ref name="BMWWittmannSVDL"/> ‡
| TBA
|-
| {{flagicon|}} TBA
| TBA
|-
| rowspan="3" | {{flagicon|USA}} [[Action Express Racing]]<ref name="CadillacGTP">{{cite web|url=https://racer.com/2021/08/24/cadillac-confirms-lmdh-program-for-imsa-and-wec/|title=Cadillac confirms LMDh program for IMSA and WEC|last=Pruett|first=Marshall|date=August 24, 2021|work=racer.com|publisher=Racer Media & Marketing Inc.|accessdate=August 6, 2022}}</ref>
| rowspan="3" | [[Cadillac V-LMDh]]<ref name="CadillacLMDh">{{cite web|url=https://sportscar365.com/lemans/wec/cadillac-lmdh-completes-three-day-road-atlanta-test/|title=Cadillac V-LMDh Completes Three-Day Road Atlanta Test|last=Dagys|first=John|date=August 26, 2022|work=sportscar365.com|publisher=John Dagys Media|accessdate=August 26, 2022}}</ref>
| rowspan="3" | [[Cadillac]] 5.5 L [[V8 engine|V8]] (2022)<ref name="CaddyEngine">{{cite web|url=https://www.roadandtrack.com/news/a40232031/cadillac-project-gtp-hypercar-reveal-photos/|title=The Cadillac Project GTP Hypercar Is a Gorgeous Race Car With an All-New V-8|last=Perkins|first=Chris|date=June 9, 2022|work=roadandtrack.com|publisher=Hearst Autos Inc.|accessdate=August 6, 2022}}</ref>
| align="center" rowspan="3" | 31
| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Jack Aitken]]<ref name="CCGREnduro" />
| TBA
|-
| {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Pipo Derani]]<ref name="GTPLineup">{{cite web |last=Robinson |first=Mark |date=September 20, 2022 |title=Cadillac Introduces Winning Lineup for GTP Competition |url=https://www.imsa.com/news/2022/09/20/cadillac-introduces-winning-lineup-for-gtp-competition/ |accessdate=September 20, 2022 |work=imsa.com |publisher=[[International Motor Sports Association]]}}</ref>
| TBA
|-
| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Alexander Sims (racing driver)|Alexander Sims]]<ref name="GTPLineup" />
| TBA
|-
| rowspan="4" | {{flagicon|USA}} [[Meyer Shank Racing]] with [[Curb Agajanian Performance Group|Curb-Agajanian]]<ref name="WTRMSRAcura"/>
| rowspan="4" | [[Acura ARX-06]]
| rowspan="4" | [[Acura]] AR24e 2.4 L [[Turbocharger|twin-turbocharged]] [[V6 engine|V6]]<ref name="AcuraEngine"/>
| rowspan="4" align="center" | 60
| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Tom Blomqvist]]<ref name="Blomqvist2023">{{cite web|url=https://sportscar365.com/imsa/iwsc/msr-retains-blomqvist-for-2023-acura-gtp-program/|title=MSR Retains Blomqvist for 2023 Acura GTP Program|last=Dagys|first=John|date=August 29, 2022|work=sportscar365.com|publisher=John Dagys Media|accessdate=August 29, 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://racer.com/2022/08/29/meyer-shank-racing-retains-tom-blomqvist-for-2023-acura-lmdh-program/|title=Meyer Shank Racing retains Tom Blomqvist for 2023 Acura LMDh program|last=James|first=Richard|date=August 29, 2022|work=racer.com|publisher=Racer Media & Marketing Inc.|accessdate=August 30, 2022}}</ref>
| TBA
|-
| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Colin Braun]]<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 18, 2022 |title=Braun completes MSR Acura GTP lineup |url=https://racer.com/2022/11/18/braun-completes-msr-acura-gtp-lineup/ |access-date=November 18, 2022 |website=RACER |language=en-US}}</ref>
| TBA
|-
| {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Hélio Castroneves]]<ref name="HelioPagenaudMSR">{{Cite web |title=Castroneves And Pagenaud Confirmed For Rolex 24 Hours With Meyer Shank Racing {{!}} dailysportscar.com |url=https://www.dailysportscar.com/2022/10/25/castroneves-and-pagenaud-confirmed-for-rolex-24-hours-with-meyer-shank-racing.html |access-date=October 25, 2022 |website=www.dailysportscar.com}}</ref>
| TBA
|-
| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Simon Pagenaud]]<ref name="HelioPagenaudMSR" />
| TBA
|-
| rowspan="3" |{{flagicon|USA}} [[JDC MotorSports|JDC-Miller MotorSports]]<ref name="JDC" />
| rowspan="3" |[[Porsche 963]]
| rowspan="3" |[[Porsche Motorsport|Porsche]] 4.6 L [[V8 engine|V8]] [[Turbocharger|twin-turbocharged]] [[DOHC]]
| rowspan="3" |TBA
|{{flagicon|}} TBA
|TBA
|-
|{{flagicon|}} TBA
|TBA
|-
|{{flagicon|}} TBA
|TBA
|-
| rowspan="3" | {{flagicon|DEU}} [[Proton Competition]]<ref name="ProtonPorscheLMDh">{{Cite web|title=Christian Ried: Two Porsche 963s In 2023, FIA WEC & IMSA {{!}} dailysportscar.com|url=https://www.dailysportscar.com/2022/11/10/christian-ried-two-porsche-963s-in-2023-fia-wec-and-imsa.html|access-date=November 10, 2022|website=www.dailysportscar.com}}</ref>
| rowspan="3" | [[Porsche 963]]
| rowspan="3" | [[Porsche Motorsport|Porsche]] 4.6 L [[V8 engine|V8]] [[Turbocharger|twin-turbocharged]] [[DOHC]]
| rowspan="3" align="center" | TBA
| {{flagicon|}} TBA
| TBA
|-
| {{flagicon|}} TBA
| TBA
|-
| {{flagicon|}} TBA
| TBA
|}
‡ : Herta (Daytona), van der Linde (Daytona/Sebring), and Wittmann (Daytona/Sebring) have been confirmed to compete for BMW Team RLL, but finalized driving lineups have not been announced.

=== Le Mans Prototype 2 (LMP2) ===
In accordance with the 2017 LMP2 regulations, all cars in the LMP2 class use the [[Gibson Technology|Gibson]] GK428 [[V8 engine]].<ref name="LMP2regs">{{cite news|url=http://www.europeanlemansseries.com/en/news/new-year-new-regulations-for-lmp2/4614|title=New Year, New Regulations for LMP2|date=January 13, 2017|access-date=September 19, 2018|publisher=[[European Le Mans Series]]}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 85%"
|-
! Team
! Chassis
! {{Tooltip|No.|Car Number}}
! Drivers
! Rounds
|-
| rowspan="4" | {{flagicon|USA}} [[CrowdStrike]] Racing with APR<ref name="APRCrowdStrike">{{Cite web|url=https://crowdstrikeracing.com/news/crowdstrike-racing-embarks-on-lmp2-program-for-2023-imsa-michelin-endurance-cup/ |title=CrowdStrike Racing Embarks on LMP2 Program for 2023 IMSA Michelin Endurance Cup|access-date=December 13, 2022|website=CrowdStrike Racing|language=en-US}}</ref>
| rowspan="4" | [[Oreca 07]]
| rowspan="4" align="center"| 04
| {{flagicon|MEX}} [[Esteban Gutiérrez]]<ref name="APRCrowdStrike"/>
| TBA
|-
| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Ben Hanley]]<ref name="APRCrowdStrike"/>
| TBA
|-
| {{flagicon|USA}} [[George Kurtz]]<ref name="APRCrowdStrike"/>
| TBA
|-
| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Matt McMurry]]<ref name="APRCrowdStrike"/>
| TBA
|-
| rowspan="4" | {{flagicon|USA}} [[Starworks Motorsport|Tower Motorsport]]<ref name="TowerIndyStars">{{cite web|url=https://sportscar365.com/imsa/iwsc/newgarden-mclaughlin-to-make-daytona-debuts-in-lmp2/|title=Newgarden, McLaughlin to Make Rolex 24 Debuts With Tower|last=Lloyd|first=Daniel|date=December 5, 2022|work=Sportscar365|publisher=John Dagys Media|access-date=December 5, 2022}}</ref>
| rowspan="4" | [[Oreca 07]]
| align="center" rowspan="4" | 8
| {{flagicon|CAN}} John Farano<ref name="TowerIndyStars"/>
| TBA
|-
| {{flagicon|NZL}} [[Scott McLaughlin (racing driver)|Scott McLaughlin]]<ref name="TowerIndyStars"/>
| TBA
|-
| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Josef Newgarden]]<ref name="TowerIndyStars"/>
| TBA
|-
| {{flagicon|BAR}} [[Kyffin Simpson]]<ref name="TowerIndyStars"/>
| TBA
|-
| rowspan="7" | {{flagicon|FRA}} [[TDS Racing]]<ref name="TDSIMSA">{{cite web|url=https://sportscar365.com/imsa/iwsc/tds-commits-to-full-season-imsa-program-in-2023/|title=TDS Commits to Full-Season IMSA Program in 2023|last=Lloyd|first=Daniel|date=September 28, 2022|work=sportscar365.com|publisher=John Dagys Media|accessdate=September 28, 2022}}</ref><ref name="TDSThomas">{{cite web|url=https://sportscar365.com/imsa/iwsc/tds-confirms-second-lmp2-entry-for-thomas/|title=TDS Confirms Second LMP2 Entry for Thomas|last=Dagys|first=John|date=October 14, 2022|work=sportscar365.com|publisher=John Dagys Media|accessdate=October 14, 2022}}</ref>
| rowspan="7" | [[Oreca 07]]
| align="center" rowspan="4" | 11
| {{flagicon|USA}} Scott Huffaker<ref name="TDS11Lineup">{{cite web|url=https://www.dailysportscar.com/2022/11/06/tds-racing-confirm-11-imsa-lmp2-line-up.html|title=TDS Racing Confirm #11 IMSA LMP2 Line-up|last=Goodwin|first=Graham|date=November 6, 2022|publisher=Dailysportscar|access-date=November 6, 2022}}</ref>
| TBA
|-
| {{flagicon|DNK}} [[Mikkel Jensen (racing driver)|Mikkel Jensen]]<ref name="TDS11Lineup"/>
| TBA
|-
| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Steven Thomas (racing driver)|Steven Thomas]]<ref name="TDSThomas"/><ref name="TDS11Lineup"/>
| TBA
|-
| {{flagicon|NLD}} [[Rinus VeeKay]]<ref name="TDS11VeeKay">{{cite web|url=https://www.motorsport.com/imsa/news/indycars-veekay-joins-lmp2-squad-tds-racing-at-daytona-24h/10408917/|title=IndyCar's VeeKay joins LMP2 squad TDS Racing at Daytona 24H|last=Cleenen|first=Filip|date=December 7, 2022|work=motorsport.com|access-date= December 7, 2022}}</ref>
| TBA
|-
| rowspan="3" align="center"| 35
| {{flagicon|NLD}} [[Giedo van der Garde]]<ref name="TDS35Lineup">{{cite web|url=https://sportscar365.com/imsa/iwsc/van-der-garde-pierson-join-heriau-in-tds-racing-entry/|title=Van der Garde, Pierson Join Heriau in TDS Racing Entry|last=Lloyd|first=Daniel|date=November 29, 2022|work=sportscar365.com|access-date=November 29, 2022}}</ref>
| TBA
|-
| {{flagicon|FRA}} François Heriau<ref name="TDSHeriau">{{cite web|url=https://en.endurance-info.com/auto/article/103953-full-time-imsa-programme-tds-racing-2023|title=A full-time IMSA programme for TDS Racing in 2023|last=Mercier|first=Laurent|date=September 28, 2022|work=en.endurance-info.com|access-date=September 28, 2022}}</ref>
| TBA
|-
| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Josh Pierson]]<ref name="TDS35Lineup"/>
| TBA
|-
| rowspan="4" | {{flagicon|TUR}} [[TF Sport|Racing Team Turkey]]<ref name="RTTRolex24">{{cite web|url=https://www.dailysportscar.com/2022/11/21/hanson-correa-join-racing-team-turkey-rolex-24-effort.html|title=Hanson & Correa Join Racing Team Turkey Rolex 24 Effort|last=Goodwin|first=Graham|date=November 21, 2022|publisher=Dailysportscar|access-date=November 21, 2022}}</ref>
| rowspan="4" | [[Oreca 07]]
| align="center" rowspan="4" | 34
| {{flagicon|ECU}} [[Juan Manuel Correa]]<ref name="RTTRolex24"/>
| TBA
|-
| {{flagicon|IRL}} [[Charlie Eastwood]]<ref name="RTTRolex24"/>
| TBA
|-
| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Philip Hanson (racing driver)|Philip Hanson]]<ref name="RTTRolex24"/>
| TBA
|-
| {{flagicon|TUR}} [[Salih Yoluç]]<ref name="RTTRolex24"/>
| TBA
|-
|}

=== Le Mans Prototype 3 (LMP3) ===
In accordance with the 2020 LMP3 regulations, all cars in the LMP3 class use the [[Nissan]] [[Nissan VK engine|VK56DE]] 5.6L V8 engine.
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 85%"
|-
! Team
! Chassis
! {{Tooltip|No.|Car Number}}
! Drivers
! Rounds
|-
| rowspan="6" | {{flagicon|USA}} Jr III Motorsports<ref name="JR3">{{cite web|url=https://racer.com/2022/11/10/jr-iii-racing-preparing-for-two-car-lmp3-effort/|title=Jr III Racing preparing for two-car LMP3 effort|last=Kish|first=Ryan|date=November 10, 2022|work=racer.com|publisher=Racer Media & Marketing Inc.|accessdate=November 11, 2022}}</ref>
| rowspan="6" | [[Ligier JS P320]]
| rowspan="3" align="center" | 30
| {{flagicon|USA}} Ari Balogh<ref name="JR3"/>
| TBA
|-
| {{flagicon|CAN}} [[Garett Grist]]<ref name="JR3"/>
| TBA
|-
| {{flagicon|}} TBA
| TBA
|-
| rowspan="3" align="center" | TBA
| {{flagicon|}} TBA
| TBA
|-
| {{flagicon|}} TBA
| TBA
|-
| {{flagicon|}} TBA
| TBA
|-
| rowspan="6" | {{flagicon|USA}} Sean Creech Motorsport<ref name="SCMExpansion">{{cite web|url=https://sportscar365.com/imsa/iwsc/sean-creech-confirms-lmp3-return-with-barbosa-willsey/|title=Sean Creech Commits to Full-Season LMP3 Entry|last=Dagys|first=John|date=13 December 2022|work=sportscar365.com|publisher=John Dagys Media|access-date=13 December 2022}}</ref>
| rowspan="6" | [[Ligier JS P320]]
| rowspan="3" align="center" | 33
| {{flagicon|PRT}} [[João Barbosa]]<ref name="SCMExpansion"/>
| TBA
|-
| {{flagicon|USA}} Lance Willsey<ref name="SCMExpansion"/>
| TBA
|-
| {{flagicon|}} TBA
| TBA
|-
| rowspan="3" align="center" | TBA
| {{flagicon|}} TBA
| TBA
|-
| {{flagicon|}} TBA
| TBA
|-
| {{flagicon|}} TBA
| TBA
|-
| rowspan="3" | {{flagicon|USA}} [[JDC MotorSports|JDC-Miller Motorsports]]<ref name="JDC">{{cite web|url=https://sportscar365.com/imsa/iwsc/jdc-miller-enlists-lmp3-car-in-place-of-porsche-963-for-daytona/|title=JDC-Miller Enlists LMP3 in Place of Porsche 963 For Daytona|last=Dagys|first=John|date=December 1, 2022|work=sportscar365.com/|publisher=SportsCar365| accessdate=December 1, 2022}}</ref>
| rowspan="3" | [[Duqueine D-08|Duqueine M30 - D08]]
| rowspan="3" align="center" | TBA
| {{flagicon|}} TBA
| TBA
|-
| {{flagicon|}} TBA
| TBA
|-
| {{flagicon|}} TBA
| TBA
|-
|}

=== GT Daytona (GTD Pro / GTD) ===
{|
|
{|class="wikitable" style="font-size: 85%"
|-
! Team
! Chassis
! Engine
! {{Tooltip|No.|Car Number}}
! Drivers
! Rounds
|-
!colspan=6| GTD Pro
|-
| rowspan="3" | {{flagicon|USA}} [[Corvette Racing]]<ref name="CorvetteGTD">{{cite web|url=https://sportscar365.com/imsa/iwsc/corvette-to-continue-with-single-c8-r-in-gtd-pro/|title=Corvette to Continue With Single C8.R in GTD Pro|last=Daygs|first=John|date=October 18, 2022|work=Sportscar365|publisher=John Dagys Media|accessdate=October 18, 2022}}</ref>
| rowspan="3" | [[Chevrolet Corvette C8.R|Chevrolet Corvette C8.R GTD]]
| rowspan="3" | [[Chevrolet]] 5.5 L [[V8 engine|V8]]
| rowspan="3" align="center"| 3
| {{flagicon|ESP}} [[Antonio García (racing driver)|Antonio García]]<ref name="CorvetteGTD"/>
| TBA
|-
| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Tommy Milner]]<ref name="CorvetteGTD"/>
| TBA
|-
| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Jordan Taylor (racing driver)|Jordan Taylor]]<ref name="CorvetteGTD"/>
| TBA
|-
| rowspan="3" | {{flagicon|CAN}} Pfaff Motorsports<ref name="PfaffPorsche">{{cite web|url=https://sportscar365.com/imsa/iwsc/porsche-lmdh-effort-on-pfaffs-radar-for-2024/|title=Porsche LMDh Effort on Pfaff’s Radar for as Early as 2024|last=Dagys|first=John|date=July 1, 2022|work=sportscar365.com|publisher=John Dagys Media|accessdate=August 12, 2022}}</ref>
| rowspan="3" | [[Porsche 911 GT3#992 GT3 R (2023–)|Porsche 911 GT3 R (992)]]
| rowspan="3" | [[Porsche]] 4.2 L [[Flat-six engine|Flat-6]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://newsroom.porsche.com/en/2022/motorsports/porsche-911-gt3-r-generation-992-customer-racing-car-premiere-29201.html|title=Debut for the newest generation of the Porsche 911 GT3 R|last=Eckhardt|first=Holger|date=July 30, 2022|work=newsroom.porsche.com|publisher=Porsche Newsroom|accessdate=July 30, 2022}}</ref>
|rowspan=3 align="center"| 9
| {{flagicon|AUT}} [[Klaus Bachler]]<ref name="PfaffPorscheLineup">{{cite web|url=https://www.dailysportscar.com/2022/12/05/pfaff-confirm-bachler-pilet-for-2023-imsa-campaign.html|title=Pfaff Confirm Bachler & Pilet For 2023 IMSA Campaign|last=Goodwin|first=Graham|date=December 5, 2022|work=dailysportscar.com|accessdate=December 5, 2022}}</ref>
| TBA
|-
| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Patrick Pilet]]<ref name="PfaffPorscheLineup"/>
| TBA
|-
| {{flagicon|BEL}} [[Laurens Vanthoor]]<ref name="PfaffPorscheLineup"/>
| TBA
|-
| rowspan="3" | {{flagicon|USA}} [[Vasser Sullivan Racing]]<ref name="VSRLexusGTDPro">{{cite web|url=https://sportscar365.com/imsa/iwsc/hawksworth-barnicoat-return-to-vasser-sullivan-lexus-in-gtd-pro/|title=Hawksworth, Barnicoat Return to Vasser Sullivan in GTD Pro|date=December 8, 2022|work=sportscar365.com|publisher=John Dagys Media|accessdate=December 8, 2022}}</ref>
| rowspan="3" | [[Lexus RC#IMSA|Lexus RC F GT3]]
| rowspan="3" | [[Toyota Racing Development|Toyota]] 2UR 5.0 L [[V8 engine|V8]]
| rowspan="3" align="center" | 14
| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Ben Barnicoat]]<ref name="VSRLexusGTDPro"/>
| TBA
|-
| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Jack Hawksworth]]<ref name="VSRLexusGTDPro"/>
| TBA
|-
| {{flagicon|}} TBA
| TBA
|-
| rowspan="6" | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Iron Lynx]]<ref name="IronLynxLambo">{{cite web|url=https://sportscar365.com/imsa/iwsc/iron-lynx-to-campaign-huracan-evo2-in-imsa-gtwc-europe/|title=Iron Lynx to Campaign Huracan GT3 EVO2 in IMSA, GTWC Europe|last=Euwema|first=Davey|date=November 5, 2022|work=Sportscar365|publisher=John Dagys Media|accessdate=November 5, 2022}}</ref>
| rowspan="6" | [[Lamborghini Huracán#Huracán GT3 Evo 2 (2023–present)|Lamborghini Huracán GT3 Evo 2]]
| rowspan="6" | [[Lamborghini]] 5.2 L [[V10 engine|V10]]
|rowspan=3 align="center"| 19
| {{flagicon|}} TBA
| TBA
|-
| {{flagicon|}} TBA
| TBA
|-
| {{flagicon|}} TBA
| TBA
|-
|rowspan=3 align="center"| 63
| {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Mirko Bortolotti]]<ref name="GrosjeanGTDPRO">{{cite web|url=https://sportscar365.com/lemans/wec/grosjean-named-lamborghini-factory-driver/|title=Grosjean Named Lamborghini Factory Driver|last=Daygs |first=John|date=December 6, 2022|work=Sportscar365|publisher=John Dagys Media|accessdate=December 6, 2022}}</ref>
| TBA
|-
|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Andrea Caldarelli]]<ref name="GrosjeanGTDPRO"/>
| TBA
|-
| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Romain Grosjean]]<ref name="GrosjeanGTDPRO"/>
| TBA
|-
| rowspan="3" | {{flagicon|USA}} Heart of Racing Team<ref name="HoRAMR2023">{{cite web|url=https://www.dailysportscar.com/2022/12/13/heart-of-racing-add-marco-sorensen-for-full-imsa-season.html|title=Heart Of Racing Add Marco Sorensen For Full IMSA Season|last=Goodwin|first=Graham|date=December 13, 2022|work=Dailysportscar|access-date=December 13, 2022}}</ref>
| rowspan="3" | [[Aston Martin Vantage (2018)|Aston Martin Vantage AMR GT3]]
| rowspan="3" | [[Aston Martin]] 4.0 L Turbo [[V8 engine|V8]]
| rowspan="3" align="center" | 23
| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Ross Gunn (racing driver)|Ross Gunn]]<ref name="HoRAMR2023"/>
| TBA
|-
| {{flagicon|GBR}} David Pittard<ref name="HoRAMR2023"/>
| TBA
|-
| {{flagicon|ESP}} Alex Riberas<ref name="HoRAMR2023"/>
| TBA
|-
| rowspan="4" | {{flagicon|USA}} [[Proton Competition|WeatherTech Racing]]<ref name="WeatherTechAMG">{{cite web|url=https://sportscar365.com/imsa/iwsc/gounon-juncadella-set-for-full-season-gtd-pro-effort/|title=Gounon, Juncadella Set for Full Season GTD Pro Effort|last=Dagys|first=John|date=December 13, 2022|work=sportscar365.com|publisher=John Dagys Media|accessdate=December 13, 2022}}</ref>
| rowspan="4" | [[Mercedes-AMG GT#Motorsport|Mercedes-AMG GT3 Evo]]
| rowspan="4" | [[Mercedes-Benz M156 engine#M159|Mercedes-AMG M159]] 6.2 L [[V8 engine|V8]]
| rowspan="4" align="center"| 79
| {{flagicon|DEU}} [[Maro Engel]]<ref name="WeatherTechAMG"/>
| TBA
|-
| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Jules Gounon]]<ref name="WeatherTechAMG"/>
| TBA
|-
| {{flagicon|ESP}} [[Daniel Juncadella]]<ref name="WeatherTechAMG"/>
| TBA
|-
| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Cooper MacNeil]]<ref name="WeatherTechAMG"/>
| TBA
|-
| rowspan="3" | {{flagicon|USA}} [[Risi Competizione]]<ref name="Risi296">{{cite web|url=https://sportscar365.com/imsa/iwsc/risi-evaluating-possible-ferrari-lmh-effort/|title=Risi Evaluating Ferrari LMH Effort; 296 GT3 Set for 2023|last=Euwema|first=Davey|date=September 29, 2022|work=sportscar365.com|publisher=John Dagys Media|accessdate=September 29, 2022}}</ref>
| rowspan="3" | [[Ferrari 296 GTB#296 GT3|Ferrari 296 GT3]]
| rowspan="3" | [[Ferrari]] 3.0 L [[twin-turbocharged]] [[V6 engine|V6]]
|rowspan=3 align="center"| TBA
| {{flagicon|}} TBA
| TBA
|-
| {{flagicon|}} TBA
| TBA
|-
| {{flagicon|}} TBA
| TBA
|-
| rowspan="3" | {{flagicon|}} TBA<ref name="AcuraGTDPro">{{cite web|url=https://sportscar365.com/industry/hpd-pledging-long-term-support-for-acura-nsx-gt3/|title=HPD Pledging Long-Term Support for Acura NSX GT3|last=Dagys|first=John|date=October 17, 2022|work=sportscar365.com|publisher=John Dagys Media|accessdate=December 4, 2022}}</ref>
| rowspan="3" | [[Honda NSX (second generation)#GT3|Acura NSX GT3 Evo22]]
| rowspan="3" | [[Acura]] 3.5 L [[Turbocharger|Turbo]] [[V6 engine|V6]]
|rowspan=3 align="center"| TBA
| {{flagicon|}} TBA
| TBA
|-
| {{flagicon|}} TBA
| TBA
|-
| {{flagicon|}} TBA
| TBA
|-
!colspan=6| GTD
|-
| rowspan="3" | {{flagicon|USA}} [[Vasser Sullivan Racing]]<ref name="VSRLexusGTD">{{cite web|url=https://sportscar365.com/imsa/iwsc/gounon-juncadella-set-for-full-season-gtd-pro-effort/|title=Gounon, Juncadella Set for Full Season GTD Pro Effort|last=Dagys|first=John|date=December 13, 2022|work=sportscar365.com|publisher=John Dagys Media|accessdate=December 13, 2022}}</ref>
| rowspan="3" | [[Lexus RC#IMSA|Lexus RC F GT3]]
| rowspan="3" | [[Toyota Racing Development|Toyota]] 2UR 5.0 L [[V8 engine|V8]]
| rowspan="3" align="center"| 12
| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Frankie Montecalvo]]<ref name="VSRLexusGTD"/>
| TBA
|-
| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Aaron Telitz]]<ref name="VSRLexusGTD"/>
| TBA
|-
| {{flagicon|}} TBA
| TBA
|-
| rowspan="3" | {{flagicon|USA}} Wright Motorsports<ref name="WrightPorsche23">{{cite web|url=https://sportscar365.com/lemans/wec/hardwick-choses-proton-porsche-for-le-mans-debut/|title=Hardwick Selects Proton, Porsche for Le Mans Debut|last=Dagys|first=John|date=November 26, 2022|work=Sportscar365|publisher=John Dagys Media|accessdate=November 26, 2022}}</ref>
| rowspan="7" | [[Porsche 911 GT3#992 GT3 R (2023–)|Porsche 911 GT3 R (992)]]
| rowspan="7" | [[Porsche]] 4.2 L [[Flat-six engine|Flat-6]]
|rowspan=3 align="center"| 16
| {{flagicon|USA}} Ryan Hardwick<ref name="WrightPorsche23"/>
| TBA
|-
| {{flagicon|}} TBA
| TBA
|-
| {{flagicon|}} TBA
| TBA
|-
| rowspan="4" | {{flagicon|USA}} VOLT Racing with Wright Motorsports<ref name="VoltWrightPorsche">{{cite web|url=https://sportscar365.com/imsa/iwsc/wright-confirms-volt-porsche-gtd-effort/|title=Wright Confirms VOLT Porsche GTD Effort|last=Daygs|first=John|date=December 2, 2022|work=Sportscar365|publisher=John Dagys Media|accessdate=December 2, 2022}}</ref>
| rowspan="4" align="center" | 77
| {{flagicon|USA}} Alan Brynjolfsson<ref name="VoltWright">{{cite web|url=https://sportscar365.com/imsa/impc/gs-champs-hindman-brynjolfsson-set-for-move-to-gtd|title=GS Champions Hindman, Brynjolfsson Set for Move to GTD|last=Daygs|first=John|date=September 30, 2022|work=Sportscar365|publisher=John Dagys Media|accessdate=September 30, 2022}}</ref>
| TBA
|-
| {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Kévin Estre]]<ref name="VoltEstre">{{cite web|url=https://sportscar365.com/imsa/iwsc/estre-root-to-complete-wright-volt-lineup-for-daytona/|title=Estre, Root Complete Wright VOLT Lineup for Daytona|date=December 9, 2022|work=sportscar365.com|publisher=John Dagys Media|accessdate=December 9, 2022}}</ref>
| TBA
|-
| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Trent Hindman]]<ref name="VoltWright"/>
| TBA
|-
| {{flagicon|USA}} Maxwell Root<ref name="VoltEstre"/>
| TBA
|-
| rowspan="4" | {{flagicon|USA}} Heart of Racing Team<ref name="HoRAMR2023"/>
| rowspan="4" | [[Aston Martin Vantage (2018)|Aston Martin Vantage AMR GT3]]
| rowspan="4" | [[Aston Martin]] 4.0 L Turbo [[V8 engine|V8]]
| rowspan="4" align="center" | 27
| {{flagicon|CAN}} [[Roman De Angelis]]<ref name="HoRAMR2023"/>
| TBA
|-
| {{flagicon|GBR}} Ian James<ref name="HoRAMR2023"/>
| TBA
|-
| {{flagicon|DNK}} [[Marco Sørensen]]<ref name="HoRAMR2023"/>
| TBA
|-
| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Darren Turner]]<ref name="HoRAMR2023"/>
| TBA
|-
| rowspan="4" | {{flagicon|USA}} MDK Motorsports<ref name="MDKPorsche">{{cite web|url=https://sportscar365.com/imsa/iwsc/kevin-jan-magnussen-confirmed-for-rolex-24-in-mdk-porsche/|title=Kevin, Jan Magnussen Confirmed at MDK for Rolex 24|last=Dagys|first=John|date=December 9, 2022|work=Sportscar365|publisher=John Dagys Media|accessdate=December 9, 2022}}</ref>
| rowspan="4" | [[Porsche 911 GT3#992 GT3 R (2023–)|Porsche 911 GT3 R (992)]]
| rowspan="4" | [[Porsche]] 4.2 L [[Flat-six engine|Flat-6]]
|rowspan=4 align="center"| 43
| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Trenton Estep]]<ref name="MDKPorsche"/>
| TBA
|-
| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Mark Kvamme]]<ref name="MDKPorsche"/>
| TBA
|-
| {{flagicon|DNK}} [[Jan Magnussen]]<ref name="MDKPorsche"/>
| TBA
|-
| {{flagicon|DNK}} [[Kevin Magnussen]]<ref name="MDKPorsche"/>
| TBA
|-
| rowspan="4" | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[TF Sport|Team TGM with TF Sport]]<ref name="TFSportTGMAMR">{{cite web|url=https://sportscar365.com/imsa/iwsc/tgm-joins-forces-with-tf-sport-for-aston-rolex-24-effort/|title=TGM Joins Forces With TF Sport for Aston Martin Rolex 24 Effort|last=Dagys|first=John|date=November 16, 2022|work=Sportscar365|publisher=John Dagys Media|accessdate=November 16, 2022}}</ref>
| rowspan="4" | [[Aston Martin Vantage (2018)|Aston Martin Vantage AMR GT3]]
| rowspan="4" | [[Aston Martin]] 4.0 L Turbo [[V8 engine|V8]]
| rowspan="4" align="center"| 64
| {{flagicon|USA}} Ted Giovanis<ref name="TFSportTGMAMR"/>
| TBA
|-
| {{flagicon|USA}} Hugh Plumb<ref name="TFSportTGMAMR"/>
| TBA
|-
| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Matt Plumb]]<ref name="TFSportTGMAMR"/>
| TBA
|-
| {{flagicon|USA}} Owen Trinkler<ref name="TFSportTGMAMR"/>
| TBA
|-
| rowspan="4" | {{flagicon|GBR}} Inception Racing with [[Optimum Motorsport]]<ref name="InceptionOptimumMcLaren">{{cite web|url=https://www.dailysportscar.com/2022/12/09/inception-racing-confirm-full-season-imsa-gtd-effort.html |title=Inception Racing Confirm Full-Season IMSA GTD Effort|last=Goodwin|first=Graham|date=December 9, 2022|work=Dailysportscar|access-date=December 9, 2022}}</ref>
| rowspan="4" | [[McLaren 720S#720S GT3|McLaren 720S GT3]]
| rowspan="4" | [[McLaren]] M840T 4.0L [[Turbocharger|Turbo]] [[V8 engine|V8]]
| rowspan="4" align="center" | 70
| {{flagicon|DEU}} [[Marvin Kirchhöfer]]<ref name="InceptionOptimumMcLaren"/>
| TBA
|-
| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Brendan Iribe]]<ref name="InceptionOptimumMcLaren"/>
| TBA
|-
| {{flagicon|GBR}} Ollie Millroy<ref name="InceptionOptimumMcLaren"/>
| TBA
|-
| {{flagicon|DNK}} Frederik Schandorff<ref name="InceptionOptimumMcLaren"/>
| TBA
|-
| rowspan="3" | {{flagicon|ITA}} [[Iron Lynx|Iron Dames]]<ref name="IronLynxLambo"/><ref name="IronDamesLambo">{{cite web|url=https://sportscar365.com/imsa/iwsc/iron-dames-to-make-rolex-24-debut-with-lamborghini/|title=Iron Dames to Make Rolex 24 Debut With Lamborghini|last=Euwema|first=Davey|date=November 5, 2022|work=Sportscar365|publisher=John Dagys Media|accessdate=November 5, 2022}}</ref>
| rowspan="3" | [[Lamborghini Huracán#Huracán GT3 Evo 2 (2023–present)|Lamborghini Huracán GT3 Evo 2]]
| rowspan="3" | [[Lamborghini]] 5.2 L [[V10 engine|V10]]
|rowspan=3 align="center"| 83
| {{flagicon|}} TBA
| TBA
|-
| {{flagicon|}} TBA
| TBA
|-
| {{flagicon|}} TBA
| TBA
|-
| rowspan="4" | {{flagicon|USA}} AO Racing Team<ref name="A0RTPorsche">{{cite web|url=https://racer.com/2022/09/28/jeannette-hyett-launching-ao-racing-porsche-gtd-effort-for-2023/|title=Jeannette, Hyett launching AO Racing Porsche GTD effort for 2023|last=Pruett|first= Marshall|date=September 29, 2022|work=racer.com|publisher=Racer Media & Marketing Inc|accessdate=September 30, 2022}}</ref>
| rowspan="4" | [[Porsche 911 GT3#992 GT3 R (2023–)|Porsche 911 GT3 R (992)]]
| rowspan="4" | [[Porsche]] 4.2 L [[Flat-six engine|Flat-6]]
| rowspan="4" align="center" | 88
| {{flagicon|USA}} [[P. J. Hyett]]<ref name="AORTLineup">{{cite web|url=https://sportscar365.com/imsa/iwsc/newly-formed-ao-racing-set-for-porsche-gtd-effort/|title=Newly Formed AO Racing Set for Porsche GTD Effort|last=Daygs|first=John|date=November 15, 2022|work=Sportscar365|publisher=John Dagys Media|accessdate=November 15, 2022}}</ref>
| TBA
|-
| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Gunnar Jeannette]]<ref name="AORTLineup"/>
| TBA
|-
| {{flagicon|GUE}} [[Sebastian Priaulx]]<ref name="A0RTPriaulx">{{cite web|url=https://sportscar365.com/imsa/iwsc/ao-racing-signs-priaulx-to-full-time-gtd-seat/|title=AO Racing Signs Priaulx to Full-Time GTD Seat|last=Lloyd|first=Daniel|date=December 13, 2022|work=sportscar365.com|publisher=John Dagys Media|accessdate=December 13, 2022}}</ref>
| TBA
|-
| {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Harry Tincknell]]<ref name="A0RTPriaulx"/>
| TBA
|-
| rowspan="4" | {{flagicon|USA}} [[Wayne Taylor Racing|WTR - Racer's Edge Motorsports]]<ref name="WTRRacersEdgeNSX">{{cite web|url=https://sportscar365.com/imsa/iwsc/racers-edge-wtr-to-field-acura-nsx-in-endurance-cup/|title=Racers Edge, WTR to Field Acura NSX GT3 in Endurance Cup|last=Dagys|first=John|date=December 9, 2022|work=Sportscar365|publisher=John Dagys Media|accessdate=December 9, 2022}}</ref><ref name="RacersEdgeNSX">{{cite web|url=https://waynetaylorracing.com/news/WTR,_HCC_and_Racers_Edge_Announce_GTD_Endurance_Plans/72361|title=WTR, HCC and Racer's Edge Announce GTD Enduracne Plans|date=December 9, 2022|work=waynetaylorracing.com|publisher=[[Wayne Taylor Racing]]|accessdate=December 9, 2022}}</ref>
| rowspan="4" | [[Honda NSX (second generation)#GT3|Acura NSX GT3 Evo22]]
| rowspan="4" | [[Acura]] 3.5 L [[Turbocharger|Turbo]] [[V6 engine|V6]]
|rowspan=4 align="center"| 93
| {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Ryan Briscoe]]<ref name="RacersEdge">{{cite web|url=https://waynetaylorracing.com/news/WTR,_HCC_and_Racers_Edge_Announce_GTD_Endurance_Plans/72361|title=WTR, HCC AND RACERS EDGE ANNOUNCE GTD ENDURANCE PLANS|date=December 9, 2022|work=waynetaylorracing.com|publisher=[[Wayne Taylor Racing]]|accessdate=December 9, 2022}}</ref>
| TBA
|-
| {{flagicon|CRI}} Daniel Formal<ref name="RacersEdge"/>
| TBA
|-
| {{flagicon|USA}} Ashton Harrison<ref name="RacersEdge"/>
| TBA
|-
| {{flagicon|CAN}} [[Kyle Marcelli]]<ref name="RacersEdge"/>
| TBA
|-
| rowspan="3" | {{flagicon|ITA}} Cetilar Racing<ref name="Cetilar2022">{{cite web|url=https://racer.com/2022/03/21/cetilar-racing-to-introduce-ferrari-296-gt3-to-imsa-in-2023/|title=Cetilar Racing to introduce Ferrari 296 GT3 to IMSA in 2023|last=James|first=Richard S|date=March 21, 2022|work=racer.com|publisher=Racer Media & Marketing Inc|accessdate=August 15, 2022}}</ref>
| rowspan="3" | [[Ferrari 296 GTB#296 GT3|Ferrari 296 GT3]]
| rowspan="3" | [[Ferrari]] 3.0 L [[twin-turbocharged]] [[V6 engine|V6]]
|rowspan=3 align="center"| 47
| {{flagicon|}} TBA
| TBA
|-
| {{flagicon|}} TBA
| TBA
|-
| {{flagicon|}} TBA
| TBA
|-
| rowspan="3" | {{flagicon|USA}} [[GMG Racing]]<ref name="GMGAudi">{{cite web|url=https://sportscar365.com/sro/sro-america/world-challenge-america/gmg-acquires-new-audi-porsche-gt3-cars/|title=GMG Racing Acquires New Audi, Porsche GT3 Cars for 2023|last=Daygs|first=John|date=December 14, 2022|work=Sportscar365|publisher=John Dagys Media|accessdate=December 14, 2022}}</ref>
| rowspan="3" | [[Audi R8 (Type 4S)#R8 LMS (GT3)|Audi R8 LMS Evo II]]
| rowspan="3" | [[Audi]] 5.2 L [[V10 engine|V10]]
|rowspan=3 align="center"| TBA
| {{flagicon|}} TBA
| TBA
|-
| {{flagicon|}} TBA
| TBA
|-
| {{flagicon|}} TBA
| TBA
|-
| rowspan="6" | {{flagicon|USA}} Kelly-Moss Road and Race<ref name="Kelly-MossPorsche">{{cite web|url=https://sportscar365.com/imsa/iwsc/kelly-moss-planning-two-car-porsche-gtd-effort-for-2023/|title=Kelly-Moss Planning Two-Car Porsche GTD Effort for 2023|last=Daygs|first=John|date=October 14, 2022|work=Sportscar365|publisher=John Dagys Media|accessdate=October 14, 2022}}</ref>
| rowspan="6" | [[Porsche 911 GT3#992 GT3 R (2023–)|Porsche 911 GT3 R (992)]]
| rowspan="6" | [[Porsche]] 4.2 L [[Flat-six engine|Flat-6]]
|rowspan=3 align="center"| TBA
| {{flagicon|}} TBA
| TBA
|-
| {{flagicon|}} TBA
| TBA
|-
| {{flagicon|}} TBA
| TBA
|-
|rowspan=3 align="center"| TBA
| {{flagicon|}} TBA
| TBA
|-
| {{flagicon|}} TBA
| TBA
|-
| {{flagicon|}} TBA
| TBA
|-
| rowspan="6" | {{flagicon|USA}} [[Turner Motorsport]]<ref name="TurnerBMW">{{cite web|url=https://sportscar365.com/imsa/impc/turner-very-likely-to-expand-into-second-bmw-m4-gt3/|title=Second Turner BMW M4 GT3 “Very Likely” for 2023|last=Grace|first=Jonathan|date=October 4, 2022|work=sportscar365.com|publisher=John Dagys Media|accessdate=October 4, 2022}}</ref>
| rowspan="6" | [[BMW M4#BMW M4 GT3|BMW M4 GT3]]
| rowspan="6" | [[BMW]] [[BMW B58#S58|S58B30T0]] 3.0 L [[Turbocharged|Twin Turbo]] [[I6 engine|I6]]
|rowspan=3 align="center"| TBA
| {{flagicon|USA}} Michael Dinan<ref name="TurnerBMWLineups">{{cite web|url=https://bimmerlife.com/2022/12/05/turner-motorsport-expanding-racing-programs-in-2023/| title=Turner Motorsport Expanding Racing Programs In 2023|last=Haueter|first=David|date= December 5, 2022|work=Bimmerlife.com|accessdate= December 5, 2022}}</ref>
| TBA
|-
| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Robby Foley]]<ref name="TurnerBMW"/>
| TBA
|-
| {{flagicon|}} TBA
| TBA
|-
|rowspan=3 align="center"| TBA
| {{flagicon|USA}} [[Bill Auberlen]]<ref name="TurnerBMWLineups"/>
| TBA
|-
| {{flagicon|USA}} Chandler Hull<ref name="TurnerBMWLineups"/>
| TBA
|-
| {{flagicon|}} TBA
| TBA
|-
|}

==Notes==

{{reflist|group="N"}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{Official website|https://www.imsa.com/}}

{{IMSA GT Championships}}

[[Category:WeatherTech SportsCar Championship seasons]]
[[Category:2023 in American motorsport|IMSA SportsCar Championship]]
[[Category:2023 in Canadian motorsport|IMSA SportsCar Championship]]
[[Category:Scheduled motorsport seasons|IMSA SportsCar Championship]]
|}

Killing of Takeoff

2022-11-01T16:33:28Z

Willy3198:

{{Short description|2022 murder in Houston, Texas, US}}

{{Article for deletion/dated|page=Killing of Takeoff|timestamp=20221101115210|year=2022|month=November|day=1|substed=yes|help=off}}


{{Current event|date=November 2022}}
{{Infobox civilian attack
| title = Killing of Kirshnik Khari Ball
| location = 810 Billiards & Bowling in [[Houston]], [[Texas]]
| date = November 1, 2022
| image = Migos (36471054572).jpg
| caption = Ball performing at a concert in 2017
| map = {{OSM Location map
|coord={{Coord|29.75524174679932|-95.36466210740487}}
|float=center |zoom=15
|width=250
|height=160
|scalemark=40
|mark-coord1 = {{Coord|29.75524174679932|-95.36466210740487}}
| shape1=n-circle
| shape-color1=red
| shape-outline1=blue
| caption = Location of Ball's shooting in Houston, Texas
}}
| time = 2:00 - 2:36 am
| timezone = GMT-5
| type = [[Homicide]] by [[Gun violence in the United States|shooting]]
| weapon = Firearm
| fatalities = 1 (Kirshnik Khari Ball, {{aka}} [[Takeoff (rapper)|Takeoff]])
| injuries = 2<ref>{{cite web|title=Members of rap group Migos in attendance at private party where deadly shooting took place in downtown Houston, HPD says|url= https://www.click2houston.com/news/local/2022/11/01/1-killed-2-injured-in-shooting-at-bowling-alley-in-downtown-houston-hpd/}}</ref>
}}

During the morning of November 1, 2022, American [[Rap music|rapper]] '''Kirshnik Khari Ball''', known professionally as [[Takeoff (rapper)|'''Takeoff''']], was shot dead in a [[bowling alley]], 810 Billiards & Bowling in [[Houston, Texas]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Battle in the Bowling Alley |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2468-1733_shafr_sim150090138 |access-date=2022-11-01 |website=The SHAFR Guide Online}}</ref> He was pronounced dead on the scene. Rapper and uncle to Takeoff, [[Quavo]], was not injured.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Takeoff and Quavo Open Up About Future of Migos |url=https://www.complex.com/music/takeoff-quavo-future-of-migos |access-date=2022-11-01 |website=Complex |language=en}}</ref> Just a couple of hours before the shooting, Takeoff posted a selfie from the bowling alley. Quavo had posted a video earlier in the night, driving around Houston with [[James Prince]], who was celebrating his birthday.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-01 |title=Migos: Takeoff |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2022/nov/01/takeoff-one-third-of-migos-shot-dead-at-28-in-houston |access-date=2022-11-01 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}</ref> According to a statement by [[Houston Police Department|Houston Police]], two other victims were taken in private vehicles to hospitals.<ref name=twitter1>{{Cite web |title=Houston Police Department tweet |url=https://twitter.com/houstonpolice/status/1587385129504309248 |access-date=2022-11-01 |website=Twitter |language=en}}</ref> The department later added "We are not releasing an identity of the deceased victim until his family is notified & ID verified by [[Harris County Institute of Forensic Science|Harris County Institute of Forensic Sciences]]."<ref name=twitter1/> As of Tuesday, November 1, 2022, 13:04 (GMT), his death has not been officially announced by the authorities yet, although Takeoff's representative confirmed his death to the [[Associated Press]].<ref name=WP2022>{{cite news |last1=Salcedo |first1=Andrea |last2=Rao |first2=Sonia |last3=Timsit |first3=Annabelle |title=Rapper Takeoff, of Migos, fatally shot in Houston, his representative tells AP |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2022/11/01/rapper-takeoff-migos-shooting-houston/ |access-date=1 November 2022 |publisher=Washington Post |date=1 November 2022}}</ref>

== Reactions ==
Shortly after his death was announced, celebrities including [[Jake Paul]],<ref>{{Cite web |title= Jake Paul tweet |url=https://twitter.com/adinross/status/1587387501441781760 |access-date=2022-11-01 |website=Twitter |language=en}}</ref> [[Dave (rapper)|Dave]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Watch this story by SANTAN on Instagram before it disappears. |url=https://www.instagram.com/stories/santandave/2961870220297249382/ |access-date=2022-11-01 |website=www.instagram.com}}</ref> [[Adin Ross]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Aidan Ross tweet |url=https://twitter.com/adinross/status/1587387501441781760 |access-date=2022-11-01 |website=Twitter |language=en}}</ref> [[Desiigner]],<ref>[https://www.revolt.tv/article/2022-11-01/249611/the-hip-hop-community-mourns-takeoff-following-his-passing/ The hip hop community mourns Takeoff following his passing]</ref> [[Almighty Jay|Almighty Jay]] and [[Cole Bennett]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cole Bennet tweet |url=https://twitter.com/_colebennett_/status/1587388633069125634 |access-date=2022-11-01 |website=Twitter |language=en}}</ref> have all released statements of condolences on their social media accounts.

== References ==
{{reflist}}{{Migos}}

Jüri Vips

2022-06-21T20:12:13Z

Willy3198:

{{short description|Estonian racing driver}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2021}}
{{Infobox racing driver
| name = Jüri Vips
| image = 2021 British Grand Prix (51349305031).jpg
| imagesize = 300px
| caption = Vips in 2021
| nationality = {{flagicon|EST}} Estonian
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|2000|08|10|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[Tallinn]], Estonia
| current series = [[FIA Formula 2 Championship]]
| first year = [[2020 Formula 2 Championship|2020]]
| current team = [[Hitech Grand Prix]]
| car number = 8
| former teams = [[DAMS]]
| starts = 43 (44 entries)
| wins = 2
| podiums = 10
| poles = 2
| fastest laps = 5
| best finish = 6th
| year = {{F2|2021}}
| prev series = [[Formula Regional European Championship|FR European Championship]] [[Super Formula Championship]] [[FIA Formula 3 Championship]] [[FIA Formula 3 European Championship|FIA European F3]] [[Italian F4 Championship]] [[ADAC Formula 4]] [[MRF Challenge]]
| prev series years = [[2020 Formula Regional European Championship|2020]] [[2019 Super Formula Championship|2019]] [[2019 FIA Formula 3 Championship|2019]] [[2017 FIA Formula 3 European Championship|2017]]–[[2018 FIA Formula 3 European Championship|18]] 
[[2016 Italian F4 Championship|2016]]–[[2017 Italian F4 Championship|17]] [[2016 ADAC Formula 4 Championship|2016]]–[[2017 ADAC Formula 4 Championship|17]] [[2016–17 MRF Challenge Formula 2000 Championship|2016–17]]
| titles = [[ADAC Formula 4]]
| title years = [[2017 ADAC Formula 4 Championship|2017]]
}}
'''Jüri Vips''' (born 10 August 2000) is an [[Estonians|Estonian]] racing driver, that last competed in the [[FIA Formula 2 Championship]] with [[Hitech Grand Prix]].<ref name="Red Bull">{{cite web|url=http://www.formulascout.com/juri-vips-joins-red-bull-junior-team-ahead-of-macau-grand-prix/46271|title=Juri Vips joins Red Bull Junior Team ahead of Macau Grand Prix|last=Allen|first=Peter|work=FormulaScout|date=12 November 2018|access-date=12 November 2018}}</ref> He is the [[2017 ADAC Formula 4 Championship|2017 ADAC Formula 4]] champion and is a member of the [[Red Bull Junior Team]].

== Career ==

=== Karting ===
Vips was born in [[Tallinn]] and began competitive karting in 2011 in his native [[Estonia]]. After winning the Rotax Junior Estonian Championship in 2013, Vips qualified for the 2014 [[Rotax Max Challenge]] Grand Finals in the Junior category, in which he claimed victory.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kartcom.com/en/news/2014/11/29/juri-vips-wins-the-final-in-junior-max|title=Juri Vips wins the final in Junior Max|date=29 November 2016|access-date=25 September 2017}}</ref> He competed in the [[CIK-FIA]] European [[KF1]] Championship in 2015, racing against future [[FIA Formula 3]] competitors [[Richard Verschoor]] and [[Marcus Armstrong]]. Vips ended the championship in twelfth place.

===Formula 4===
[[File:Jüri Vips, ADAC Formel 4, Nürburgring 2017.jpg|thumb|right|Vips competing in the ADAC Formula 4 Championship at the [[Nürburgring]] in 2017.]]
In 2016, Vips made his car-racing debut in the [[2016 Italian F4 Championship|Italian F4]] and [[2016 ADAC Formula 4 Championship|ADAC Formula 4]] championships with [[Prema Powerteam]]. He finished sixth in ADAC Formula 4 and fifth in Italian F4, where he won the final race of the season and took the title of rookie champion.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.premapowerteam.com/2013/en/news.php?categ=-1&id_news=17686|title=Prema signs Juri Vips in Formula 4|date=12 January 2016|access-date=25 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170925181547/http://www.premapowerteam.com/2013/en/news.php?categ=-1&id_news=17686|archive-date=25 September 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thecheckeredflag.co.uk/2016/10/rookie-champion-vips-rounds-season-win/|title=Rookie Champion Vips Rounds Out Season with Win|date=30 October 2016|access-date=28 November 2016}}</ref> In the winter of 2016–17, Vips took part in the Indian-based [[2016–17 MRF Challenge Formula 2000 Championship|MRF Challenge Formula 2000 Championship]], taking three podium places and finishing sixth in the standings.

In 2017, Vips continued with Prema in Italian F4 and ADAC Formula 4.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.formulascout.com/juri-vips-continues-in-f4-with-prema-for-2017/36162|title=Juri Vips continues in F4 with Prema for 2017|date=20 December 2016|access-date=25 September 2017}}</ref> His appearances in Italian F4 were as a guest driver and he was ineligible to place in the championship, however he took two pole positions and a race victory at [[Mugello Circuit|Mugello]]. In ADAC Formula 4, Vips was involved in a title fight with teammate Marcus Armstrong. Vips claimed the title in the final race at the [[Hockenheimring]] after [[pole position|pole-sitter]] Armstrong lost the lead of the race to [[Artem Petrov]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.formulascout.com/vips-claims-adac-f4-title-with-third-behind-armstrong-as-petrov-wins/38268|title=Vips claims ADAC F4 title with third behind Armstrong as Petrov wins finale|date=20 December 2016|access-date=25 September 2017}}</ref>

=== Formula 3 ===
In September 2017, after his ADAC Formula 4 victory, Vips tested [[Formula 3]] machinery with Prema at [[Circuit de Nevers Magny-Cours|Magny-Cours]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.autosport.com/f3/news/131947/russian-renault-star-tipped-for-f3|title=Russian Formula Renault Eurocup star tipped for F3 after Prema test|last=Simmons|first=Marcus|work=[[Autosport]]|date=21 September 2017|access-date=25 September 2017}}</ref> In October he made his debut in the [[2017 FIA Formula 3 European Championship|FIA Formula 3 European Championship]] as a guest driver, replacing absent [[Motopark Academy|Motopark]] driver [[Petru Florescu]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Simmons|first1=Marcus|title=German F4 champion Vips makes F3 debut|url=https://www.motorsport.com/eurof3/news/german-f4-champion-vips-makes-f3-debut-964239/|access-date=11 October 2017|publisher=[[Motorsport.com]]|date=11 October 2017}}</ref>

Vips secured a full-time seat with Motopark for the [[2018 FIA Formula 3 European Championship]].<ref name="Vips">{{cite news|last1=Allen|first1=Peter|title=ADAC F4 champion Juri Vips seals 2018 F3 seat with Motopark|url=http://www.formulascout.com/adac-f4-champion-juri-vips-seals-2018-f3-seat-with-motopark/40828|access-date=20 February 2018|work=formulascout.com|publisher=Formula Scout|date=20 February 2018}}</ref> He took three pole positions and four race wins on his way to fourth place in the championship, behind teammate [[Dan Ticktum]] and Prema drivers [[Mick Schumacher]] and [[Robert Shwartzman]]. In November 2018, Vips made his first appearance at the [[2018 Macau Grand Prix|Macau Grand Prix]]. He placed fourteenth in qualifying and improved to seventh in the qualification race. He maintained his position in the main race, finishing seventh, but was handed a 40-second time penalty for making an overtake under [[Racing flags#red flag|red-flag]] conditions, demoting him to nineteenth place.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Simmons|first=Marcus|date=22 November 2018|title=Ticktum's second Macau GP success|url=https://www.pressreader.com/uk/autosport-uk/20181122/282857961960648|journal=Autosport|pages=36–41|access-date=30 January 2019|via=[[PressReader]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190202042315/https://www.pressreader.com/uk/autosport-uk/20181122/282857961960648|archive-date=2 February 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>

In December 2018 it was announced that Vips would compete in the new [[FIA Formula 3 Championship]], joining [[Hitech Grand Prix]] for the [[2019 FIA Formula 3 Championship|2019 season]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://juniorteam.redbull.com/m/article/red-bull-junior-team-and-honda-formula-dream-project|title=THE RED BULL JUNIOR TEAM AND THE HONDA FORMULA DREAM PROJECT|date=5 December 2018|access-date=5 December 2018}}</ref> He took victory in the feature races at the [[Red Bull Ring]] and at [[Silverstone Circuit]], the latter from pole position, and won the sprint race at the [[Sochi Autodrom]]. He ended the season fourth in the drivers' championship, behind the three Prema entries of Robert Shwartzman, Marcus Armstrong and [[Jehan Daruvala]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Vips ends 2019 with lights-to-flag victory in Sochi |url=http://www.fiaformula3.com/News/2019/09_September/Vips-ends-2019-with-lights-to-flag-victory-in-Sochi/ |website=FIA Formula 3 |access-date=10 January 2020}}</ref>

[[File:FIA F3 Austria 2019 Nr. 21 Vips 1.jpg|thumb|right|Vips driving the [[Dallara F3 2019]] at the [[2019 Spielberg Formula 3 round]].]]

Vips continued with Hitech to contest the [[2019 Macau Grand Prix]]. He set the fastest qualifying time – a new lap record – and converted pole position for the qualifying race into victory, putting him on pole for the main race.<ref>{{cite web |title=Record-breaking Vips secures qualifying race pole in FIA F3 World Cup |url=http://www.fiaformula3.com/News/2019/11_November/Record-breaking-Vips-secures-Qualifying-Race-pole-in-FIA-F3-World-Cup/ |website=FIA Formula 3 |access-date=10 January 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Vips leads from lights-to-flag in Macau Qualifying Race |url=http://www.fiaformula3.com/News/2019/11_November/Vips-leads-from-lights-to-flag-in-Macau-Qualifying-Race/ |website=FIA Formula 3 |access-date=10 January 2020}}</ref> Vips led in the early part of the race, but crashes from [[Leonardo Pulcini]] and [[Ferdinand Zvonimir von Habsburg|Ferdinand Habsburg]] nullified his lead as the [[safety car]] was deployed. He was overtaken by [[Richard Verschoor]] when the race resumed and finished in second place, 0.792 seconds behind Verschoor.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Benyon |first1=Jack |title=Macau GP: Verschoor beats Vips in thrilling duel |url=https://www.motorsport.com/f3/news/macau-gp-verschoor-rookie-vips/4598652/ |website=Motorsport.com |access-date=10 January 2020}}</ref>

=== 2020: Disrupted campaigns ===
In October 2019, it was announced that Vips would replace [[Patricio O'Ward]] at [[Mugen Motorsports|Team Mugen]] for the final round of the [[2019 Super Formula Championship]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Thukral |first1=Rachit |title=Vips replaces O'Ward for Super Formula finale |url=https://www.motorsport.com/super-formula/news/vips-red-bull-suzuka-debut/4558623/ |website=Motorsport.com |access-date=10 January 2020}}</ref> He qualified nineteenth and ran as high as fifth in the race. However, he stalled the car during his pit stop, losing around half a minute while sat stationary and causing him to drop to eighteenth by the finish.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Thukral |first1=Rachit |last2=Klein |first2=Jamie |title=Vips laments "stupid" stall on Super Formula debut |url=https://www.motorsport.com/super-formula/news/vips-pit-stop-stall-suzuka-debut/4588448/ |website=Motorsport.com |access-date=10 January 2020}}</ref> Vips re-joined Team Mugen in a December 2019 test at [[Suzuka International Racing Course|Suzuka]].<ref>{{cite web |title=2019 Official Test & Rookie Driver Test |url=https://superformula.net/sf2/en/race2019/results-overall/ |website=Super Formula |access-date=10 January 2020}}</ref> In January 2020, it was announced that Vips would drive for the team in the [[2020 Super Formula Championship]] alongside [[Tomoki Nojiri]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Smith |first1=Luke |title=Red Bull places Juri Vips in Super Formula for 2020 |url=https://www.crash.net/open-wheel/news/935410/1/red-bull-places-vips-super-formula-2020 |website=Crash.net |access-date=10 January 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Wood |first1=Elliot |title=Red Bull junior Juri Vips confirms full-time Super Formula move |url=http://www.formulascout.com/red-bull-junior-juri-vip-full-time-super-formula/58551 |website=Formula Scout |access-date=10 January 2020}}</ref> However, the start of the Super Formula season was postponed until August due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic]], and the closure of Japan's borders to foreign nationals put Vips' ability to compete into doubt.<ref name="timeline">{{cite web|url=https://formulascout.com/the-timeline-of-juri-vips-f1-superlicence-quest/70791|title=The timeline of Juri Vips' F1 superlicence quest|website=formulascout.com|first=Elliot|last=Wood|date=12 November 2020|access-date=13 November 2020}}</ref>

In June 2020, Vips took part in a [[Formula Regional European Championship]] (FREC) test at [[Imola Circuit|Imola]] with the [[Finland|Finnish]] KIC Motorsport team. He was then announced as part of the team's lineup for the [[2020 Formula Regional European Championship|2020 season]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=28 June 2020|title=Juri Vips to race in Formula Regional Europe with KIC|url=https://formulascout.com/juri-vips-to-race-in-frec-with-kic-motorsport/63745}}</ref> Vips' manager [[Marko Asmer]] clarified that his Super Formula campaign was the priority, but that FREC would be a "back-up" if travel to Japan became impossible.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.autosport.com/other/news/150208/vips-adds-formula-regional-campaign-to-his-2020-season|title=Red Bull Junior Vips adds Formula Regional campaign to his 2020 season|website=autosport.com|first=Marcus|last=Simmons|date=29 June 2020|access-date=14 November 2020}}</ref> Vips' first FREC race at [[Misano World Circuit|Misano]] ended in retirement after a spin into the gravel.

Vips was ultimately unable to enter Japan in time for the first round of the Super Formula championship at [[Twin Ring Motegi|Motegi]]. He was replaced at Team Mugen by [[Ukyo Sasahara]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Klein|first=Jamie|date=19 August 2020|title=Super Formula news: Juri Vips to miss out on Motegi race|url=https://www.motorsport.com/super-formula/news/vips-motegi-mugen-red-bull/4859584/|access-date=22 August 2020|website=www.motorsport.com|language=en}}</ref><ref name="4th round">{{cite web|url=https://www.motorsport.com/super-formula/news/vips-mugen-red-bull-sasahara/4902642/|title=Sasahara to keep Vips' Mugen seat for rest of season|website=motorsport.com|first=Jamie|last=Klein|date=9 November 2020|access-date=13 November 2020}}</ref> Shortly after claiming a double podium finish in the FREC round at [[Circuit Paul Ricard]], Vips was called up to the [[2020 Formula 2 Championship|FIA Formula 2 Championship]] to replace injured [[DAMS]] driver [[Sean Gelael]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Cooper|first=Adam|date=21 August 2020|title=Vips to make Spa F2 debut, replacing injured Gelael at DAMS|url=https://www.motorsport.com/fia-f2/news/juri-vips-spa-f2-debut-red-bull/4860890/|access-date=22 August 2020|website=www.motorsport.com|language=en}}</ref> Vips finished narrowly outside the points in his first four races at [[Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps|Spa-Francorchamps]] and [[Autodromo Nazionale di Monza|Monza]]. He scored first points of the season at Mugello where he finished seventh in the feature race and third in the sprint race.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mugello F2: Lundgaard dominates sprint race, Vips on podium|url=https://www.motorsport.com/fia-f2/news/mugello-lundgaard-win-vips-podium/4874217/?ic_source=home-page-widget&ic_medium=widget&ic_campaign=widget-22|access-date=16 September 2020|website=www.motorsport.com|language=en}}</ref> Formula 2 commitments forced Vips to miss the FREC round at the [[Red Bull Ring]], but he returned to FREC at the following round at Mugello, claiming a second-place finish.

After missing the first three rounds, Vips was set to return to Super Formula for the fourth round at [[Autopolis]], having successfully entered Japan and completed a two-week quarantine period.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.motorsport.com/super-formula/news/juri-vips-red-bull-autopolis/4892410/|title=Vips poised to rejoin Super Formula field at Autopolis|website=motorsport.com|first=Jamie|last=Klein|date=16 October 2020|access-date=13 November 2020}}</ref> This caused him to miss the fifth and sixth rounds of FREC, limiting his chances of earning [[FIA Super Licence]] points through that series.<ref name="timeline"/> However, on the week before the race at Autopolis, Team Mugen confirmed that Vips would not take part in any of the remaining rounds.<ref name="4th round"/> [[Formula One]] team [[Red Bull Racing]] later revealed that Vips had been recalled from Super Formula to complete testing and reserve driver duties.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://formulascout.com/red-bull-reveals-it-recalled-vips-from-super-formula-to-be-f1-reserve/70880|title=Red Bull reveals it recalled Vips from Super Formula to be F1 reserve|website=formulascout.com|first=Elliot|last=Wood|date=12 November 2020|access-date=13 November 2020}}</ref>

=== FIA Formula 2 Championship===
==== 2021 ====
In January 2021, it was announced that Vips would make his full-time [[FIA Formula 2 Championship|Formula 2]] debut, contesting the {{F2|2021}} season with Hitech Grand Prix alongside [[Liam Lawson]].<ref>{{cite web|first=Rachit|last=Thukral|title=Red Bull juniors Vips, Lawson join Hitech F2 team|url=https://www.motorsport.com/fia-f2/news/vips-lawson-hitech-red-bull/5074728/|access-date=30 January 2022|work=motorsport.com|publisher=[[Motorsport Network]]|date=11 January 2021}}</ref> At the first round at the [[Bahrain International Circuit]], Vips qualified 5th. However, he was excluded from qualifying due to a technical infringement.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Woollard|first=Craig|date=26 March 2021|title=Vips disqualification gives Pourchaire pole for opening F2 race|url=https://formulascout.com/vips-disqualification-gives-pourchaire-pole-for-opening-f2-race/76764|access-date=6 March 2022|website=Formula Scout|language=en-US}}</ref> Vips charged from the back all the way to tenth. Progressing to tenth place in the opening race earnt him reverse-grid pole position for the second race. He survived an attack from [[Lirim Zendeli]] at the race start. He finally succumbed to the lead on lap 5 after [[Guanyu Zhou]] passed him. On lap 15, the safety car was brought out and Vips made the choice to pit for fresher tyres. But with less than 3 laps to go, whilst running in 2nd place, Vips suffered a gearbox issue that fell him to 16th at the flag. The feature race saw little for Vips, ending the race in 13th. He ended the round without scoring points, describing his luck as "laughable".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.autosport.com/formula2/news/laughable-luck-technical-issue-robbed-vips-of-easy-bahrain-f2-win/5952192/|title="Laughable" luck, technical issue robbed Vips of "easy" Bahrain F2 win|website=autosport.com|first=Tom|last=Howard|date=28 March 2021|accessdate=30 January 2022}}</ref> In [[Circuit de Monaco|Monaco]], Vips finished 5th in the first sprint, holding off [[Dan Ticktum]] in the closing stages. The second sprint saw Vips finish the race in fourth place after going past [[Theo Pourchaire]] on lap 24 of 30. However when Lawson was disqualified, Vips was promoted to third, hence scoring his first podium for Hitech.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lawson disqualified and stripped of Sprint Race 2 victory, with Ticktum promoted to P1|date=22 May 2021|url=https://www.fiaformula2.com/Latest/1REdhAcurZz5ZuoQUnZb1u/lawson-disqualified-and-stripped-of-sprint-race-2-victory-with-ticktum|access-date=12 March 2022|website=FIA_F2® - The Official F2® Website|language=en}}</ref>

At the third round at the [[Baku City Circuit]], Vips qualified a season best 2nd, locking up a Hitech front row alongside Lawson on pole.<ref>{{Cite web|title=QUALIFYING: Lawson tops Hitech one-two in Baku with first F2 pole|date=4 June 2021|url=https://www.fiaformula2.com/Latest/6OczgNvWKMTrNjADUOiDck/qualifying-lawson-tops-hitech-one-two-in-baku-with-first-f2-pole|access-date=4 June 2021|website=FIA_F2® - The Official F2® Website|language=en}}</ref> He finished 7th in the sprint race 1, having missed 7th place to [[Marcus Armstrong]] by less than a tenth. Vips claimed his maiden win the next race, passing [[Bent Viscaal]] and [[David Beckmann]] en route to victory in Formula 2's 100th race. He described his victory as "redemption" and "relief" after his misfortune in Bahrain.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Woollard|first=Craig|date=6 June 2021|title=Vips describes Baku win as "redemption" and "relief" after F2 misfortune|url=https://formulascout.com/vips-describes-baku-win-as-redemption-and-relief-after-f2-misfortune/79642|access-date=12 March 2022|website=Formula Scout|language=en-US}}</ref> Vips won once again, holding off [[Oscar Piastri]] by a second during the feature race. In doing so, Vips became the first driver to win two Formula 2 races in a weekend.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.f2-juri-vips-takes-second-win-on-the-bounce-with-feature-race-triumph-in.64dDTFw3pSftweaEfaEkc6.html|title=F2: Juri Vips takes second win on the bounce with Feature Race triumph in Baku|website=formula1.com|date=6 June 2021|accessdate=30 January 2022}}</ref>
This raised him into fourth in the championship.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://formulascout.com/vips-finding-it-crazy-to-have-recovered-f2-title-hopes-already/79672|title=Vips finding it "crazy" to have recovered F2 title hopes already|website=Formula Scout|first=Craig|last=Woollard|date=7 June 2021|accessdate=30 January 2022}}</ref> Vips started 2nd in the first sprint at [[Silverstone Circuit]] and jumped [[Christian Lundgaard]] at the start. Ultimately they were both jumped by [[Prema Powerteam|Prema]]'s [[Robert Shwartzman]] who took the lead. Vips was unable to pass Shwartzman and settled for second place. The next two races yielded 6th and 7th for Vips.

Vips qualified 9th in [[Autodromo Nazionale di Monza|Monza]], hence would start 2nd for sprint race 1. He took the lead from Beckmann into the first corner. He would keep the lead until lap 15, when Pourchaire passed him. Things went downhill for Vips from then on in the race, as he would struggle and fall to 8th. Vips retired on lap 7 in the feature race following a mechanical issue with his car.<ref>{{Cite web|title=HIGHLIGHTS: Piastri holds off Zhou for first Feature Race win|date=12 September 2021|url=https://www.fiaformula2.com/Latest/21cEoUdlkLroTTYaZ2Dtzw/highlights-piastri-holds-off-zhou-for-first-feature-race-win|access-date=12 March 2022|website=FIA_F2® - The Official F2® Website|language=en}}</ref> In [[Sochi Autodrom]], Vips obtained second place in the first sprint in mixed conditions, unable to pressure race winner [[Dan Ticktum]] throughout the race. Vips did not finish the feature race, due to a mechanical failure once again. He voiced out that he was "very frustrated" and considered reliability to be "a bit of a joke".<ref>{{Cite web|last=Woollard|first=Craig|date=27 September 2021|title=Vips frustrated with reliability ‘joke’ in Formula 2|url=https://formulascout.com/vips-frustrated-with-reliability-joke-in-formula-2/84488|access-date=12 March 2022|website=Formula Scout|language=en-US}}</ref>

Vips took 3rd place in the inaugural race at [[Jeddah Street Circuit]]. Having starting at the same position in the first sprint, he lost the position to [[Ralph Boschung]] before reclaiming the position on lap 10.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Double the silverware! Liam Lawson and Juri Vips share podium in Jeddah|date=7 December 2021|url=http://fia-f2.hitechgp.co.uk/news/jeddah/|access-date=13 March 2022|website=Hitech_GP - Hitech Grand Prix Website|language=en}}</ref> He did not finish the second sprint after making contact with Drugovich and ripping off his front wing in the process. Vips would go on to finish 6th in the red-flagged feature race. The season finale at [[Yas Marina Circuit|Abu Dhabi]] yielded little for Vips, as he qualified poorly in 15th. He was unable to progress in the sprint races, finishing 12th in the first one. He retired in the second sprint following contact with newly champion Piastri. He managed to recover in the feature race, finishing 8th after passing a few drivers in the later stages on fresher tyres. Vips finished the 2021 season in 6th place with 120 points, three places higher than teammate Lawson. During the season, Vips netted a total of 2 wins, 6 podiums and a fastest lap.

==== 2022 ====

He continued in the series with Hitech for {{F2|2022}}, alongside former Formula 4 teammate Marcus Armstrong.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Vips to remain with Hitech Grand Prix in 2022|date=14 January 2022|url=https://www.fiaformula2.com/Latest/6Ad3WfouD35czupvbYKHQt/vips-to-remain-with-hitech-grand-prix-in-2022|access-date=13 March 2022|website=FIA_F2® - The Official F2® Website|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Armstrong switches to Hitech Grand Prix for 2022|date=19 January 2022|url=https://www.fiaformula2.com/Latest/3zlXlhQXV5JqA5MJusRWiB/armstrong-switches-to-hitech-grand-prix-for-2022|access-date=13 March 2022|website=FIA_F2® - The Official F2® Website|language=en}}</ref>

===Formula One===
In October 2018, Vips was linked to a place in the [[Red Bull Junior Team]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.autosport.com/f3/news/139492/euro-f3-star-vips-set-to-join-red-bull-programme?_ga=2.152546045.516637872.1540024971-585434856.1437416188|title=European F3 standout Juri Vips set to join Red Bull F1 junior team|last=Simmons|first=Marcus|work=[[Autosport]]|date=19 October 2018|access-date=20 October 2018}}</ref> He was confirmed with the program the following month prior to the [[2018 Macau Grand Prix|Macau Grand Prix]].<ref name="Red Bull"/>

In November 2020, Vips received his [[FIA Super Licence]] after completing a 300 km test with [[Red Bull Racing]], driving the [[Red Bull RB8]] at the [[Silverstone Circuit]]. He served as a reserve driver for Red Bull and sister team [[Scuderia AlphaTauri|AlphaTauri]] at the [[2020 Turkish Grand Prix|Turkish]], [[2020 Bahrain Grand Prix|Bahrain]], [[2020 Sakhir Grand Prix|Sakhir]] and [[2020 Abu Dhabi Grand Prix|Abu Dhabi]] Grands Prix.<ref name="timeline"/> He took part in the end-of-season Abu Dhabi young driver test with Red Bull, driving the [[Red Bull RB16|RB16]].<ref>{{cite news |title=F2 racers Sato and Vips handed Abu Dhabi tests with AlphaTauri and Red Bull respectively|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.f2-racers-sato-and-vips-handed-abu-dhabi-tests-with-alphatauri-and-red-bull.3iwHCUIqLxygr5iwWrJSIo.html|access-date=11 December 2020|work=formula1.com|publisher=Formula One World Championship Limited|date=9 December 2020}}</ref> He again took part in the Abu Dhabi young driver test at the end of the {{F1|2021}} season, driving the [[Red Bull RB16B|RB16B]].

Vips is one of the reserve drivers for Red Bull in {{F1|2022}}. He made his [[Formula One racing#Free practice|Formula One free practice]] debut with Red Bull at the [[2022 Spanish Grand Prix]], taking [[Sergio Pérez]]'s place.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.red-bull-to-run-junior-driver-vips-in-fp1-in-barcelona.6BT8YpZUWa9svXlPJLr1vV.html|title=Red Bull to run junior driver Vips in FP1 in Barcelona|date=19 May 2022|access-date=19 May 2022|website=}}</ref>

In June 2022, Vips was suspended by Red Bull pending an investigation after Vips was heard using a racial slur on a livestream.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Silvestro |first1=Brian |title=Red Bull Suspends F1 Junior Driver Juri Vips After Saying Racial Slur on Live Stream |url=https://www.roadandtrack.com/news/a40364816/juri-vips-red-bull-driver-racial-slur/ |website=Road & Track |access-date=21 June 2022 |date=21 June 2022}}</ref>

== Karting record ==

=== Karting career summary ===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 85%; text-align:center"
!Season
!Series
!Team
!Position
|-
!2011
| align="left" |Estonian Championship — Raket
| align="left" |
| style="background:#FFFFBF;" |'''1st'''
|-
!2012
| align="left" |Estonian Championship — Rotax Junior
| align="left" |
| style="background:#FFDF9F;" |'''3rd'''
|-
! rowspan="4" |2013
| align="left" |Rotax Max Wintercup — Junior
| align="left" |
|13th
|-
| align="left" |Estonian Championship — Rotax Junior
| align="left" |
| style="background:#FFFFBF;" |'''1st'''
|-
| align="left" |Rotax Euro Challenge — Junior
| align="left" |
|28th
|-
| align="left" |[[Rotax Max Challenge|Rotax Max Challenge Grand Finals]] — Junior
| align="left" |Tark Racing
|15th
|-
! rowspan="8" |2014
| align="left" |Trofeo delle Industrie — [[KF3|KFJ]]
| align="left" |
|8th
|-
| align="left" |Rotax Max Wintercup — Junior
| align="left" |Strawberry Racing
| style="background:#FFFFBF;" |'''1st'''
|-
| align="left" |[[Super 1 National Kart Championships|Super 1 National Championship]] — Rotax Max Junior
| align="left" |
|34th
|-
| align="left" |Rotax Euro Challenge — Junior
| align="left" |
|32nd
|-
| align="left" |[[2014 CIK-FIA Karting European Championship|CIK-FIA European Championship]] — [[KF3|KFJ]]
| align="left" |Energy Corse
|NC†
|-
| align="left" |[[Karting World Championship|CIK-FIA World Championship]] — [[KF3|KFJ]]
| rowspan="2" align="left" |Zanardi Strakka Racing
|9th
|-
| align="left" |[[WSK Final Cup]] — [[KF3|KFJ]]
|19th
|-
| align="left" |[[Rotax Max Challenge|Rotax Max Challenge Grand Finals]] — Junior
| align="left" |Talvar Racing
| style="background:#FFFFBF;" |'''1st'''
|-
! rowspan="6" |2015
| align="left" |South Garda Winter Cup — [[KF2|KF]]
| rowspan="6" align="left" |Ricky Flynn Motorsport
|NC
|-
| align="left" |[[WSK Champions Cup]] — [[KF2|KF]]
|14th
|-
| align="left" |WSK Gold Cup — [[KF2|KF]]
|12th
|-
| align="left" |[[WSK Super Master Series]] — [[KF2|KF]]
|12th
|-
| align="left" |[[2015 CIK-FIA Karting European Championship|CIK-FIA European Championship]] — [[KF2|KF]]
|12th
|-
| align="left" |[[Karting World Championship|CIK-FIA World Championship]] — [[KF2|KF]]
|NC
|}

== Racing record ==

=== Racing career summary ===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%; text-align:center"
|-
! Season
! Series
! Team
! Races
! Wins
! Poles
! {{Abbr|F/Laps|Fasest laps}}
! Podiums
! Points
! Position
|-
!rowspan=2| 2016
|align=left| [[2016 ADAC Formula 4 Championship|ADAC Formula 4 Championship]]
|align=left rowspan=2| [[Prema Powerteam]]
| 24
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 5
| 138
| 6th
|-
|align=left| [[2016 Italian F4 Championship|Italian F4 Championship]]
| 18
| 1
| 2
| 3
| 8
| 140
| 5th
|-
! 2016–17
|align=left| [[2016–17 MRF Challenge Formula 2000 Championship|MRF Challenge Formula 2000]]
|align=left| [[MRF Racing]]
| 15
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 3
| 135
| 6th
|-
!rowspan=3| 2017
|align=left| [[2017 ADAC Formula 4 Championship|ADAC Formula 4 Championship]]
|align=left rowspan=2| [[Prema Powerteam]]
| 21
| 2
| 0
| 0
| 7
| 245.5
|style="background:#FFFFBF;"| '''1st'''
|-
|align=left| [[2017 Italian F4 Championship|Italian F4 Championship]]
| 9
| 1
| 2
| 2
| 5
| 114
| NC†
|-
|align=left| [[2017 FIA Formula 3 European Championship|FIA Formula 3 European Championship]]
|align=left rowspan=3| [[Motopark]]
| 3
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| NC‡
|-
!rowspan=2| 2018
|align=left| [[2018 FIA Formula 3 European Championship|FIA Formula 3 European Championship]]
| 30
| 4
| 3
| 6
| 8
| 284
| 4th
|-
|align=left| [[2018 Macau Grand Prix|Macau Grand Prix]]
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| N/A
| 19th
|-
!rowspan=3| 2019
|align=left| [[2019 FIA Formula 3 Championship|FIA Formula 3 Championship]]
|rowspan=2 align=left| [[Hitech Grand Prix]]
| 16
| 3
| 1
| 1
| 4
| 141
| 4th
|-
|align=left| [[2019 Macau Grand Prix|Macau Grand Prix]]
| 1
| 0
| 2
| 0
| 1
| N/A
|style="background:#DFDFDF;"| '''2nd'''
|-
|align=left| [[2019 Super Formula Championship|Super Formula]]
|align=left| [[Mugen Motorsports|Team Mugen]]
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 23rd
|-
!rowspan=4| 2020
|align=left| [[2020 Formula Regional European Championship|Formula Regional European Championship]]
|align=left| KIC Motorsport
| 9
| 0
| 0
| 3
| 3
| 81
| 8th
|-
|align=left| [[2020 Formula 2 Championship|FIA Formula 2 Championship]]
|align=left| [[DAMS]]
| 8
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 16
| 16th
|-
|rowspan=2 align=left| [[2020 Formula One World Championship|Formula One]]
|align=left| [[Aston Martin Red Bull Racing]]
| colspan="7" rowspan="2" |Test/Reserve driver
|-
|align=left| [[Scuderia AlphaTauri|Scuderia AlphaTauri Honda]]
|-
!rowspan=2| 2021
|align=left| [[2021 Formula 2 Championship|FIA Formula 2 Championship]]
|align=left| [[Hitech Grand Prix]]
| 23
| 2
| 0
| 1
| 6
| 120
| 6th
|-
|align=left| [[2021 Formula One World Championship|Formula One]]
|align=left| [[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull Racing Honda]]
| colspan="7" |Test driver
|-
!rowspan=3| 2022
|align=left| [[2022 Formula 2 Championship|FIA Formula 2 Championship]]
|align=left| [[Hitech Grand Prix]]
| 12
| 0
| 2
| 4
| 3
| 51
| 7th*
|-
|rowspan=2 align=left| [[2022 Formula One World Championship|Formula One]]
|align=left| [[Red Bull Racing|Oracle Red Bull Racing]]
|rowspan=2 colspan="7"|Test/Reserve driver
|-
|align=left| [[Scuderia AlphaTauri]]
|}
† As Vips had not competed in the required number of rounds, he was ineligible for a championship position. ‡ As Vips was a guest driver, he was ineligible for points.

=== Complete ADAC Formula 4 Championship results ===
([[:Template:Motorsport driver results legend|key]]) (Races in '''bold''' indicate pole position) (Races in ''italics'' indicate fastest lap)
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%"
! Year
! Team
! 1
! 2
! 3
! 4
! 5
! 6
! 7
! 8
! 9
! 10
! 11
! 12
! 13
! 14
! 15
! 16
! 17
! 18
! 19
! 20
! 21
! 22
! 23
! 24
! Pos
! Points
|-
| [[2016 ADAC Formula 4 Championship|2016]]
! [[Prema Powerteam]]
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Motorsport Arena Oschersleben|OSC1 1]] {{small|9}}
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| [[Motorsport Arena Oschersleben|OSC1 2]] {{small|Ret}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[Motorsport Arena Oschersleben|OSC1 3]] {{small|25}}
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| [[Sachsenring|SAC 1]] {{small|Ret}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Sachsenring|SAC 2]] {{small|8}}
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| [[Sachsenring|SAC 3]] {{small|Ret}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[EuroSpeedway Lausitz|LAU 1]] {{small|7}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[EuroSpeedway Lausitz|LAU 2]] {{small|11}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[EuroSpeedway Lausitz|LAU 3]] {{small|22}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[Motorsport Arena Oschersleben|OSC2 1]] {{small|26}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[Motorsport Arena Oschersleben|OSC2 2]] {{small|21}}
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| [[Motorsport Arena Oschersleben|OSC2 3]] {{small|Ret}}
|style="background:#DFDFDF;"| [[Red Bull Ring|RBR 1]] {{small|2}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Red Bull Ring|RBR 2]] {{small|4}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Red Bull Ring|RBR 3]] {{small|6}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Nürburgring|NÜR 1]] {{small|5}}
|style="background:#DFDFDF;"| [[Nürburgring|NÜR 2]] {{small|2}}
|style="background:#FFDF9F;"| [[Nürburgring|NÜR 3]] {{small|3}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Circuit Park Zandvoort|ZAN 1]] {{small|5}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Circuit Park Zandvoort|ZAN 2]] {{small|8}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Circuit Park Zandvoort|ZAN 3]] {{small|9}}
|style="background:#FFDF9F;"| [[Hockenheimring|HOC 1]] {{small|3}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[Hockenheimring|HOC 2]] {{small|16}}
|style="background:#FFDF9F;"| [[Hockenheimring|HOC 3]] {{small|3}}
! 6th
! 138
|-
| [[2017 ADAC Formula 4 Championship|2017]]
! [[Prema Powerteam]]
|style="background:#FFFFBF;"| [[Motorsport Arena Oschersleben|OSC1 1]] {{small|1}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Motorsport Arena Oschersleben|OSC1 2]] {{small|4}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Motorsport Arena Oschersleben|OSC1 3]] {{small|5}}
|style="background:#DFDFDF;"| [[EuroSpeedway Lausitz|LAU 1]] {{small|2}}
|style="background:#FFDF9F;"| [[EuroSpeedway Lausitz|LAU 2]] {{small|3}}
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| [[EuroSpeedway Lausitz|LAU 3]] {{small|Ret}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Red Bull Ring|RBR 1]] {{small|4}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Red Bull Ring|RBR 2]] {{small|5}}
|style="background:#FFFFBF;"| [[Red Bull Ring|RBR 3]] {{small|1}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Motorsport Arena Oschersleben|OSC2 1]] {{small|6}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Motorsport Arena Oschersleben|OSC2 2]] {{small|6}}
|style="background:#FFDF9F;"| [[Motorsport Arena Oschersleben|OSC2 3]] {{small|3}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Nürburgring|NÜR 1]] {{small|5}}
|style="background:#FFDF9F;"| [[Nürburgring|NÜR 2]] {{small|3}}
|style="background:#FFDF9F;"| [[Nürburgring|NÜR 3]] {{small|4}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Sachsenring|SAC 1]] {{small|5}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Sachsenring|SAC 2]] {{small|7}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Sachsenring|SAC 3]] {{small|4}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Hockenheimring|HOC 1]] {{small|8}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Hockenheimring|HOC 2]] {{small|6}}
|style="background:#FFDF9F;"| [[Hockenheimring|HOC 3]] {{small|3}}
|
|
|
!style="background:#FFFFBF;"| 1st
!style="background:#FFFFBF;"| 245.5
|}

=== Complete Italian F4 Championship results ===
([[:Template:Motorsport driver results legend|key]]) (Races in '''bold''' indicate pole position) (Races in ''italics'' indicate fastest lap)
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%"
! Year
! Team
! 1
! 2
! 3
! 4
! 5
! 6
! 7
! 8
! 9
! 10
! 11
! 12
! 13
! 14
! 15
! 16
! 17
! 18
! 19
! 20
! 21
! 22
! 23
! Pos
! Points
|-
| [[2016 Italian F4 Championship|2016]]
! [[Prema Powerteam]]
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Misano World Circuit Marco Simoncelli|MIS 1]] {{small|7}}
|style="background:#;"| [[Misano World Circuit Marco Simoncelli|MIS 2]]
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| ''[[Misano World Circuit Marco Simoncelli|MIS 3]]'' {{small|5}}
|style="background:#DFDFDF;"| [[Misano World Circuit Marco Simoncelli|MIS 4]] {{small|2}}
|style="background:#;"| [[Adria International Raceway|ADR 1]]
|style="background:#;"| [[Adria International Raceway|ADR 2]]
|style="background:#;"| [[Adria International Raceway|ADR 3]]
|style="background:#;"| [[Adria International Raceway|ADR 4]]
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| [[Autodromo Enzo e Dino Ferrari|IMO1 1]] {{small|Ret}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[Autodromo Enzo e Dino Ferrari|IMO1 2]] {{small|16}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[Autodromo Enzo e Dino Ferrari|IMO1 3]] {{small|11}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Mugello Circuit|MUG 1]] {{small|9}}
|style="background:#FFDF9F;"| [[Mugello Circuit|MUG 2]] {{small|3}}
|style="background:#FFDF9F;"| [[Mugello Circuit|MUG 3]] {{small|3}}
|style="background:#FFDF9F;"| '''[[Vallelunga Circuit|VLL 1]]''' {{small|4}}
|style="background:#DFDFDF;"| '''[[Vallelunga Circuit|VLL 2]]''' {{small|2}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[Vallelunga Circuit|VLL 3]] {{small|14}}
|style="background:#DFDFDF;"| ''[[Autodromo Enzo e Dino Ferrari|IMO2 1]]'' {{small|2}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| ''[[Autodromo Enzo e Dino Ferrari|IMO2 2]]'' {{small|19}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Autodromo Enzo e Dino Ferrari|IMO2 3]] {{small|9}}
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| [[Autodromo Nazionale di Monza|MNZ 1]] {{small|Ret}}
|style="background:#FFDF9F;"| [[Autodromo Nazionale di Monza|MNZ 2]] {{small|3}}
|style="background:#FFFFBF;"| [[Autodromo Nazionale di Monza|MNZ 3]] {{small|1}}
! 5th
! 140
|-
| [[2017 Italian F4 Championship|2017]]
! [[Prema Powerteam]]
|style="background:#FFDF9F;"| [[Misano World Circuit Marco Simoncelli|MIS 1]] {{small|3}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Misano World Circuit Marco Simoncelli|MIS 2]] {{small|4}}
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| [[Misano World Circuit Marco Simoncelli|MIS 3]] {{small|Ret}}
|style="background:#;"| [[Adria International Raceway|ADR 1]]
|style="background:#;"| [[Adria International Raceway|ADR 2]]
|style="background:#;"| [[Adria International Raceway|ADR 3]]
|style="background:#;"| [[Vallelunga Circuit|VLL 1]]
|style="background:#;"| [[Vallelunga Circuit|VLL 2]]
|style="background:#;"| [[Vallelunga Circuit|VLL 3]]
|style="background:#DFDFDF;"| [[Mugello Circuit|MUG1 1]] {{small|2}}
|style="background:#FFFFBF;"| '''[[Mugello Circuit|MUG1 2]]''' {{small|1}}
|style="background:#DFDFDF;"| '''[[Mugello Circuit|MUG1 3]]''' {{small|2}}
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| [[Autodromo Enzo e Dino Ferrari|IMO 1]] {{small|Ret}}
|style="background:#DFDFDF;"| ''[[Autodromo Enzo e Dino Ferrari|IMO 2]]'' {{small|2}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| ''[[Autodromo Enzo e Dino Ferrari|IMO 3]]'' {{small|6}}
|style="background:#;"| [[Mugello Circuit|MUG2 1]]
|style="background:#;"| [[Mugello Circuit|MUG2 2]]
|style="background:#;"| [[Mugello Circuit|MUG2 3]]
|style="background:#;"| [[Autodromo Nazionale di Monza|MNZ 1]]
|style="background:#;"| [[Autodromo Nazionale di Monza|MNZ 2]]
|style="background:#;"| [[Autodromo Nazionale di Monza|MNZ 3]]
|
|
! NC†
! 114
|}
† Vips did not compete in the required number of rounds to be eligible for a championship position.

=== Complete MRF Challenge Formula 2000 Championship results ===
([[:Template:Motorsport driver results legend|key]]) (Races in '''bold''' indicate pole position; races in ''italics'' indicate fastest lap)
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%"
|-
! Year
! Team
! 1
! 2
! 3
! 4
! 5
! 6
! 7
! 8
! 9
! 10
! 11
! 12
! 13
! 14
! 15
! 16
! DC
! Points
|-
| [[2016–17 MRF Challenge Formula 2000 Championship|2016–17]]
! [[MRF Racing]]
| style="background:#DFFFDF;" | [[Bahrain International Circuit|BHR 1]] {{small|4}}
| style="background:#EFCFFF;" | [[Bahrain International Circuit|BHR 2]] {{small|Ret}}
| style="background:#DFFFDF;" | [[Bahrain International Circuit|BHR 3]] {{small|5}}
| style="background:#DFDFDF;" | [[Bahrain International Circuit|BHR 4]] {{small|2}}
| style="background:#DFFFDF;" | [[Dubai Autodrome|DUB 1]] {{small|6}}
| style="background:#FFDF9F;" | [[Dubai Autodrome|DUB 2]] {{small|3}}
| style="background:#EFCFFF;" | [[Dubai Autodrome|DUB 3]] {{small|Ret}}
| style="background:#DFFFDF;" | [[Dubai Autodrome|DUB 4]] {{small|4}}
| style="background:#EFCFFF;" | [[Buddh International Circuit|GNO 1]] {{small|Ret}}
| style="background:#;" | [[Buddh International Circuit|GNO 2]] {{small|DNS}}
| style="background:#DFFFDF;" | [[Buddh International Circuit|GNO 3]] {{small|6}}
| style="background:#EFCFFF;" | [[Buddh International Circuit|GNO 4]] {{small|Ret}}
| style="background:#DFFFDF;" | [[Madras Motor Race Track|CHE 1]] {{small|4}}
| style="background:#DFFFDF;" | [[Madras Motor Race Track|CHE 2]] {{small|5}}
| style="background:#DFDFDF;" | [[Madras Motor Race Track|CHE 3]] {{small|2}}
| style="background:#DFFFDF;" | [[Madras Motor Race Track|CHE 4]] {{small|4}}
! 6th
! 135
|}

=== Complete FIA Formula 3 European Championship results ===
([[:Template:Motorsport driver results legend|key]]) (Races in '''bold''' indicate pole position) (Races in ''italics'' indicate fastest lap)
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%"
|-
! Year
! Entrant
! Engine
! 1
! 2
! 3
! 4
! 5
! 6
! 7
! 8
! 9
! 10
! 11
! 12
! 13
! 14
! 15
! 16
! 17
! 18
! 19
! 20
! 21
! 22
! 23
! 24
! 25
! 26
! 27
! 28
! 29
! 30
! DC
! Points
|-
| [[2017 FIA Formula 3 European Championship|2017]]
! [[Motopark]]
! [[Volkswagen]]
| [[Silverstone Circuit|SIL 1]]
| [[Silverstone Circuit|SIL 2]]
| [[Silverstone Circuit|SIL 3]]
| [[Autodromo Nazionale Monza|MNZ 1]]
| [[Autodromo Nazionale Monza|MNZ 2]]
| [[Autodromo Nazionale Monza|MNZ 3]]
| [[Pau Grand Prix|PAU 1]]
| [[Pau Grand Prix|PAU 2]]
| [[Pau Grand Prix|PAU 3]]
| [[Hungaroring|HUN 1]]
| [[Hungaroring|HUN 2]]
| [[Hungaroring|HUN 3]]
| [[Norisring|NOR 1]]
| [[Norisring|NOR 2]]
| [[Norisring|NOR 3]]
| [[Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps|SPA 1]]
| [[Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps|SPA 2]]
| [[Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps|SPA 3]]
| [[Circuit Park Zandvoort|ZAN 1]]
| [[Circuit Park Zandvoort|ZAN 2]]
| [[Circuit Park Zandvoort|ZAN 3]]
| [[Nürburgring|NÜR 1]]
| [[Nürburgring|NÜR 2]]
| [[Nürburgring|NÜR 3]]
| [[Red Bull Ring|RBR 1]]
| [[Red Bull Ring|RBR 2]]
| [[Red Bull Ring|RBR 3]]
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[Hockenheimring|HOC 1]] {{small|21}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[Hockenheimring|HOC 2]] {{small|12}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[Hockenheimring|HOC 3]] {{small|12}}
! NC†
! 0
|-
| [[2018 FIA Formula 3 European Championship|2018]]
! [[Motopark]]
! [[Volkswagen]]
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Pau Grand Prix|PAU 1]] {{small|10}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[Pau Grand Prix|PAU 2]] {{small|17}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[Pau Grand Prix|PAU 3]] {{small|12}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Hungaroring|HUN 1]] {{small|6}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[Hungaroring|HUN 2]] {{small|18}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Hungaroring|HUN 3]] {{small|4}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Norisring|NOR 1]] {{small|7}}
|style="background:#FFFFBF;"| ''[[Norisring|NOR 2]]'' {{small|1}}
|style="background:#DFDFDF;"| [[Norisring|NOR 3]] {{small|2}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Circuit Park Zandvoort|ZAN 1]] {{small|6}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Circuit Park Zandvoort|ZAN 2]] {{small|8}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[Circuit Park Zandvoort|ZAN 3]] {{small|15}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps|SPA 1]] {{small|6}}
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| [[Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps|SPA 2]] {{small|Ret}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps|SPA 3]] {{small|4}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Silverstone Circuit|SIL 1]] {{small|4}}
|style="background:#DFDFDF;"| [[Silverstone Circuit|SIL 2]] {{small|2}}
|style="background:#FFFFBF;"| '''''[[Silverstone Circuit|SIL 3]]''''' {{small|1}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| ''[[Misano World Circuit Marco Simoncelli|MIS 1]]'' {{small|5}}
|style="background:#FFFFBF;"| '''[[Misano World Circuit Marco Simoncelli|MIS 2]]''' {{small|1}}
|style="background:#DFDFDF;"| ''[[Misano World Circuit Marco Simoncelli|MIS 3]]'' {{small|2}}
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| [[Nürburgring|NÜR 1]] {{small|Ret}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[Nürburgring|NÜR 2]] {{small|15}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Nürburgring|NÜR 3]] {{small|6}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Red Bull Ring|RBR 1]] {{small|6}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Red Bull Ring|RBR 2]] {{small|4}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Red Bull Ring|RBR 3]] {{small|8}}
|style="background:#FFDF9F;"| [[Hockenheimring|HOC 1]] {{small|3}}
|style="background:#FFFFBF;"| '''''[[Hockenheimring|HOC 2]]''''' {{small|1}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| ''[[Hockenheimring|HOC 3]]'' {{small|9}}
! 4th
! 284
|}
† As Vips was a guest driver, he was ineligible for points.

=== Complete Macau Grand Prix results ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%"
! Year
! Team
! Car
! Qualifying
! Quali Race
! Main race
|-
! [[2018 Macau Grand Prix|2018]]
| align="left" | {{flagicon|GER}} [[Motopark Academy|Motopark]]
| align="left" | [[Dallara F317]]
| 14th
| 7th
| 19th
|-
! [[2019 Macau Grand Prix|2019]]
| align="left" | {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Hitech Grand Prix]]
| align="left" | [[Dallara F3 2019]]
| '''1st'''
| '''1st'''
|style="background:#DFDFDF;"| '''2nd'''
|}

=== Complete FIA Formula 3 Championship results ===
([[:Template:Motorsport driver results legend|key]]) (Races in '''bold''' indicate pole position; races in ''italics'' indicate points for the fastest lap of top ten finishers)
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%"
! Year
! Entrant
! 1
! 2
! 3
! 4
! 5
! 6
! 7
! 8
! 9
! 10
! 11
! 12
! 13
! 14
! 15
! 16
! DC
! Points
|-
| [[2019 FIA Formula 3 Championship|2019]]
! [[Hitech Racing|Hitech Grand Prix]]
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya|CAT FEA]] {{small|6}}
|style="background:#DFDFDF;"| [[Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya|CAT SPR]] {{small|2}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Circuit Paul Ricard|LEC FEA]] {{small|4}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[Circuit Paul Ricard|LEC SPR]] {{small|17}}
|style="background:#FFFFBF;"| ''[[Red Bull Ring|RBR FEA]]'' {{small|1}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Red Bull Ring|RBR SPR]] {{small|6}}
|style="background:#FFFFBF;"| '''[[Silverstone Circuit|SIL FEA]]''' {{small|1}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[Silverstone Circuit|SIL SPR]] {{small|15}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Hungaroring|HUN FEA]] {{small|4}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Hungaroring|HUN SPR]] {{small|4}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps|SPA FEA]] {{small|5}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps|SPA SPR]] {{small|21}}
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| [[Autodromo Nazionale Monza|MNZ FEA]] {{small|Ret}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[Autodromo Nazionale Monza|MNZ SPR]] {{small|11}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Sochi Autodrom|SOC FEA]] {{small|8}}
|style="background:#FFFFBF;"| [[Sochi Autodrom|SOC SPR]] {{small|1}}
! 4th
! 141
|}

=== Complete Super Formula results ===
([[:Template:Motorsport driver results legend|key]]) (Races in '''bold''' indicate pole position) (Races in ''italics'' indicate fastest lap)
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%"
! Year
! Entrant
! 1
! 2
! 3
! 4
! 5
! 6
! 7
! DC
! Points
|-
| [[2019 Super Formula Championship|2019]]
! [[Mugen Motorsports|Team Mugen]]
| [[Suzuka Circuit|SUZ]]
| [[Autopolis|AUT]]
| [[Sportsland SUGO|SUG]]
| [[Fuji Speedway|FUJ]]
| [[Twin Ring Motegi|MOT]]
| [[Okayama International Circuit|OKA]]
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[Suzuka Circuit|SUZ]] {{small|18}}
! 23rd
! 0
|}

=== Complete FIA Formula 2 Championship results===
([[:Template:Motorsport driver results legend|key]]) (Races in '''bold''' indicate pole position) (Races in ''italics'' indicate points for the fastest lap of top ten finishers)
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%"
! Year
! Entrant
! 1
! 2
! 3
! 4
! 5
! 6
! 7
! 8
! 9
! 10
! 11
! 12
! 13
! 14
! 15
! 16
! 17
! 18
! 19
! 20
! 21
! 22
! 23
! 24
! 25
! 26
! 27
! 28
! DC
! Points
|-
| {{F2|2020}}
! [[DAMS]]
| [[Red Bull Ring|RBR FEA]] 
| [[Red Bull Ring|RBR SPR]] 
| [[Red Bull Ring|RBR FEA]] 
| [[Red Bull Ring|RBR SPR]] 
| [[Hungaroring|HUN FEA]] 
| [[Hungaroring|HUN SPR]] 
| [[Silverstone Circuit|SIL FEA]] 
| [[Silverstone Circuit|SIL SPR]] 
| [[Silverstone Circuit|SIL FEA]] 
| [[Silverstone Circuit|SIL SPR]] 
| [[Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya|CAT FEA]] 
| [[Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya|CAT SPR]] 
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps|SPA FEA]] {{small|11}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps|SPA SPR]] {{small|11}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[Autodromo Nazionale Monza|MNZ FEA]] {{small|11}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[Autodromo Nazionale Monza|MNZ SPR]] {{small|9}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Mugello Circuit|MUG FEA]] {{small|7}}
|style="background:#FFDF9F;"| [[Mugello Circuit|MUG SPR]] {{small|3}}
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| [[Sochi Autodrom|SOC FEA]] {{small|Ret}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[Sochi Autodrom|SOC SPR]] {{small|18}}
| [[Bahrain International Circuit|BHR1 FEA]] {{small|}}
| [[Bahrain International Circuit|BHR1 SPR]] {{small|}}
| [[Bahrain International Circuit|BHR2 FEA]] {{small|}}
| [[Bahrain International Circuit|BHR2 SPR]] {{small|}}
|
|
|
|
! 16th
! 16
|-
| {{F2|2021}}
! [[Hitech Grand Prix]]
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[Bahrain International Circuit|BHR SP1]] {{small|10}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[Bahrain International Circuit|BHR SP2]] {{small|16}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[Bahrain International Circuit|BHR FEA]] {{small|13}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| ''[[Circuit de Monaco|MCO SP1]]'' {{small|5}}
|style="background:#FFDF9F;"| [[Circuit de Monaco|MCO SP2]] {{small|3}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Circuit de Monaco|MCO FEA]] {{small|8}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Baku City Circuit|BAK SP1]] {{small|8}}
|style="background:#FFFFBF;"| [[Baku City Circuit|BAK SP2]] {{small|1}}
|style="background:#FFFFBF;"| [[Baku City Circuit|BAK FEA]] {{small|1}}
|style="background:#DFDFDF;"| [[Silverstone Circuit|SIL SP1]] {{small|2}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Silverstone Circuit|SIL SP2]] {{small|6}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Silverstone Circuit|SIL FEA]] {{small|7}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Autodromo Nazionale di Monza|MNZ SP1]] {{small|8}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Autodromo Nazionale di Monza|MNZ SP2]] {{small|6}}
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| [[Autodromo Nazionale di Monza|MNZ FEA]] {{small|Ret}}
|style="background:#DFDFDF;"| [[Sochi Autodrom|SOC SP1]] {{small|2}}
|style="background:#FFFFFF;"| [[Sochi Autodrom|SOC SP2]] {{small|C}}
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| [[Sochi Autodrom|SOC FEA]] {{small|Ret}}
|style="background:#FFDF9F;"| [[Jeddah Street Circuit|JED SP1]] {{small|3}}
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| [[Jeddah Street Circuit|JED SP2]] {{small|Ret}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Jeddah Street Circuit|JED FEA]] {{small|6‡}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[Yas Marina Circuit|YMC SP1]] {{small|12}}
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| [[Yas Marina Circuit|YMC SP2]] {{small|Ret}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Yas Marina Circuit|YMC FEA]] {{small|8}}
|
|
|
|
! 6th
! 120
|-
| [[2022 Formula 2 Championship|2022]]
! [[Hitech Grand Prix]]
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Bahrain International Circuit|BHR SPR]] {{small|7}}
|style="background:#FFDF9F;"| ''[[Bahrain International Circuit|BHR FEA]]'' {{small|3}}
|style="background:#DFDFDF;"| ''[[Jeddah Street Circuit|JED SPR]]'' {{small|2}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Jeddah Street Circuit|JED FEA]] {{small|10}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| ''[[Imola Circuit|IMO SPR]]'' {{small|15}}
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| '''[[Imola Circuit|IMO FEA]]''' {{small|Ret}}
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| [[Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya|CAT SPR]] {{small|Ret}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya|CAT FEA]] {{small|17}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Circuit de Monaco|MCO SPR]] {{small|5}}
|style="background:#FFDF9F;"| [[Circuit de Monaco|MCO FEA]] {{small|3}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[Baku City Circuit|BAK SPR]] {{small|12}}
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| '''''[[Baku City Circuit|BAK FEA]]''''' {{small|Ret}}
|style="background:#;"| [[Silverstone Circuit|SIL SPR]]
|style="background:#;"| [[Silverstone Circuit|SIL FEA]]
|style="background:#;"| [[Red Bull Ring|RBR SPR]]
|style="background:#;"| [[Red Bull Ring|RBR FEA]]
|style="background:#;"| [[2022 Le Castellet Formula 2 round|LEC SPR]]
|style="background:#;"| [[2022 Le Castellet Formula 2 round|LEC FEA]]
|style="background:#;"| [[Hungaroring|HUN SPR]]
|style="background:#;"| [[Hungaroring|HUN FEA]]
|style="background:#;"| [[Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps|SPA SPR]]
|style="background:#;"| [[Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps|SPA FEA]]
|style="background:#;"| [[Circuit Zandvoort|ZAN SPR]]
|style="background:#;"| [[Circuit Zandvoort|ZAN FEA]]
|style="background:#;"| [[Autodromo Nazionale di Monza|MNZ SPR]]
|style="background:#;"| [[Autodromo Nazionale di Monza|MNZ FEA]]
|style="background:#;"| [[Yas Marina Circuit|YMC SPR]]
|style="background:#;"| [[Yas Marina Circuit|YMC FEA]]
! 7th*
! 51*
|}
‡ Half points awarded as less than 75% of race distance was completed. 
<nowiki>*</nowiki> Season in progress

=== Complete Formula One participations ===
([[Template:F1 driver results legend 2|key]]) (Races in '''bold''' indicate pole position) (Races in ''italics'' indicate fastest lap)
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%"
!Year
!Entrant
!Chassis
!Engine
!1
!2
!3
!4
!5
!6
!7
!8
!9
!10
!11
!12
!13
!14
!15
!16
!17
!18
!19
!20
!21
!22
!{{Abbr|WDC|World Drivers' Championship standing}}
![[List of Formula One World Championship points scoring systems|Points]]
|-
|id=2022R|{{F1|2022}}
![[Red Bull Racing|Oracle Red Bull Racing]]
![[Red Bull Racing|Red Bull]] [[Red Bull RB18|RB18]]
![[Red Bull Powertrains|Red Bull]] RBPTH001 [[V6 engine|V6]] [[Turbocharger|t]]
|[[2022 Bahrain Grand Prix|BHR]]
|[[2022 Saudi Arabian Grand Prix|SAU]]
|[[2022 Australian Grand Prix|AUS]]
|[[2022 Emilia Romagna Grand Prix|EMI]]
|[[2022 Miami Grand Prix|MIA]]
|style="background:#F1F8FF;"| [[2022 Spanish Grand Prix|ESP]] {{small|TD}}
|[[2022 Monaco Grand Prix|MON]]
|[[2022 Azerbaijan Grand Prix|AZE]]
|[[2022 Canadian Grand Prix|CAN]]
|[[2022 British Grand Prix|GBR]]
|[[2022 Austrian Grand Prix|AUT]]
|[[2022 French Grand Prix|FRA]]
|[[2022 Hungarian Grand Prix|HUN]]
|[[2022 Belgian Grand Prix|BEL]]
|[[2022 Dutch Grand Prix|NED]]
|[[2022 Italian Grand Prix|ITA]]
|[[2022 Singapore Grand Prix|SIN]]
|[[2022 Japanese Grand Prix|JPN]]
|[[2022 United States Grand Prix|USA]]
|[[2022 Mexico City Grand Prix|MXC]]
|[[2022 São Paulo Grand Prix|SAP]]
|[[2022 Abu Dhabi Grand Prix|ABU]]
! –*
! –*
|}
<nowiki>*</nowiki> Season still in progress.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Official website|jurivips.com}}
* {{DriverDB driver|juri-vips}}

{{commons category}}

{{S-start}}
{{S-sports}}
{{Succession box|title=[[ADAC Formula 4|ADAC Formula 4 Championship]] Champion|before=[[Joey Mawson]]|after=[[Lirim Zendeli]]|years=[[2017 ADAC Formula 4 Championship|2017]]}}
{{S-end}}

{{Formula One Reserve drivers}}
{{FIA Formula 2 Championship teams}}
{{RBR}}
{{Scuderia AlphaTauri}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Vips, Jüri}}
[[Category:2000 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Estonian racing drivers]]
[[Category:People from Tallinn]]
[[Category:Formula 4 drivers]]
[[Category:Italian F4 Championship drivers]]
[[Category:ADAC Formula 4 drivers]]
[[Category:ADAC Formula 4 champions]]
[[Category:MRF Challenge Formula 2000 Championship drivers]]
[[Category:FIA Formula 3 European Championship drivers]]
[[Category:FIA Formula 3 Championship drivers]]
[[Category:Super Formula drivers]]
[[Category:Formula Regional European Championship drivers]]
[[Category:FIA Formula 2 Championship drivers]]
[[Category:Prema Powerteam drivers]]
[[Category:Motopark Academy drivers]]
[[Category:Hitech Grand Prix drivers]]
[[Category:Mugen Motorsports drivers]]
[[Category:DAMS drivers]]

A. J. Hawk

2022-06-05T07:19:39Z

Willy3198:

{{Short description|American football player and sports analyst (born 1984)}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{Infobox NFL biography
|name=A. J. Hawk
|image=A. J. Hawk.jpg
|caption=Hawk with the [[Green Bay Packers]] in 2011
|number=50, 54
|position=[[Linebacker]]
|birth_date={{Birth date and age|1984|1|6|mf=y}}
|birth_place=[[Kettering, Ohio]]
|height_ft=6
|height_in=1
|weight_lbs=240
|high_school=[[Centerville High School (Centerville, Ohio)|Centerville]] ([[Centerville, Ohio]])
|college=[[Ohio State Buckeyes football|Ohio State]] (2002–2005)
|draftyear=2006
|draftround=1
|draftpick=5
|pastteams=
* [[Green Bay Packers]] ({{NFL Year|2006}}–{{NFL year|2014}})
* [[Cincinnati Bengals]] ({{NFL Year|2015}})
* [[Atlanta Falcons]] ({{NFL Year|2016}})
|highlights=
* [[Super Bowl]] champion ([[Super Bowl XLV|XLV]])
* [[BCS national champion]] (2002)
* 2× [[Fiesta Bowl|Fiesta Bowl MVP]] ([[2004 Fiesta Bowl|2004]], [[2006 Fiesta Bowl|2006]])
* 2× Unanimous [[College Football All-America Team|All-American]] ([[2004 College Football All-America Team|2004]], [[2005 College Football All-America Team|2005]])
* [[Lombardi Award]] (2005)
* [[Lambert Award|Jack Lambert Trophy]] (2005)
* [[Big Ten Conference football individual honors#Defensive Player of the Year|Big Ten Defensive Player of the Year]] (2005)
* [[Green Bay Packers]] all-time leader in tackles
|statlabel1=[[Tackle (football move)|Total tackles]]
|statvalue1=947
|statlabel2=[[Quarterback sack|Sacks]]
|statvalue2=20
|statlabel3=[[Fumble|Forced fumbles]]
|statvalue3=3
|statlabel4=[[Fumble|Fumble recoveries]]
|statvalue4=5
|statlabel5=[[Interceptions]]
|statvalue5=9
|nfl=a-j-hawk
|pfr=H/HawkA.20
}}

'''Aaron James Hawk''' (born January 6, 1984) is an American sports analyst and former [[American football]] [[linebacker]] who played 11 seasons in the [[National Football League]] (NFL). He was drafted by the [[Green Bay Packers]] fifth overall in the [[2006 NFL Draft]] and he would later win [[Super Bowl XLV]] with the team over the [[Pittsburgh Steelers]]. He was also a member of the [[Cincinnati Bengals]] and [[Atlanta Falcons]]. He played [[college football]] at [[Ohio State Buckeyes football|Ohio State]], where he earned [[All-American]] honors twice and won the [[Lombardi Award]] as a senior. He won the BCS National Championship with the Buckeyes as a freshman.

==Early years==
Hawk was born in [[Kettering, Ohio]], and grew up in [[Centerville, Ohio|Centerville]], both suburbs of [[Dayton, Ohio|Dayton]].<ref name="jockbio">{{cite web |title=A.J. Hawk Biography |url=http://www.jockbio.com/Bios/AJHawk/AJHawk_bio.html |website=JockBio |publisher=Black Book Partners}}</ref> He attended [[Centerville High School (Centerville, Ohio)|Centerville High School]], where he was a teammate of former [[Cincinnati Bengals]] kicker [[Mike Nugent]] on the football team. As a freshman at Centerville High School, Hawk made the [[varsity team#Varsity in North America|varsity football team]].<ref name="jockbio"/> He holds multiple defensive records and was one of three active NFL players who played for the Centerville Elks [[high school football]] team.<ref>[http://www.elksfootball.com/docs/records_nfl.php Elks Football – NFL Players] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071104040209/http://www.elksfootball.com/docs/records_nfl.php |date=November 4, 2007 }}</ref> Hawk's records include most tackles in a game (31) on three separate occasions. He also has the most career tackles (583).<ref>[http://www.elksfootball.com/docs/records.php Elks Football – Team Records] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071031105628/http://www.elksfootball.com/docs/records.php |date=October 31, 2007 }}</ref> Hawk was a two-time All-State player in high school (1999 and 2000).

==College career==
Hawk enrolled in [[Ohio State University|the Ohio State University]], and played for coach [[Jim Tressel]]'s [[Ohio State Buckeyes football]] team from 2002 to 2005. Ohio State won the 2002 BCS National Championship with Hawk as a freshman. During his four-year Buckeye career, he played in 51 games, starting 38 of them.<ref name="AJ Hawk's Website">{{cite web|url=http://www.ajhawk.com/bio.aspx |title=A. J. Hawk Bio |publisher=Green Bay Packers |access-date=November 7, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100820041759/http://www.ajhawk.com/bio.aspx |archive-date=August 20, 2010}}</ref> He had 394 tackles with 196 of them solo, 41 of them for losses, 15 and a half sacks, seven interceptions, and 13 passes broken up.<ref name="AJ Hawk's Website"/> He also had two fumble recoveries, three forced fumbles, and two touchdowns, one on a blocked punt and one on an interception. His performances earned him first team All-Big Ten honors in all three years he started and the [[Most Valuable Player]] award for the Tostitos Fiesta Bowl. Following his senior season of 2005, he won the [[Lombardi Award]] as the best college football linebacker, and was recognized as a unanimous first-team [[All-American]].

=== Honoring Pat Tillman ===
Before the 2005 season for [[Ohio State Buckeyes|the Ohio State Buckeyes]] Hawk, along with fellow starting linebackers [[Bobby Carpenter (American football)|Bobby Carpenter]] and [[Anthony Schlegel]] and center [[Nick Mangold]], grew their hair out long to honor [[Pat Tillman]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=OSU linebackers let hair down to honor Tillman |last=Archdeacon |first=Tom |date=December 29, 2005 |work=East Valley Tribune}}</ref> They made the decision to do so after reading about him in Jim Tressel's 2004 ''Winners Manual'' handed out to all the players in the fall. Tillman turned down a [[National Football League]] (NFL) contract worth $3.6 million to join the Army in May 2002, after the outbreak of [[War on Terror|The War on Terror]] and was killed in action by [[friendly fire]] on April 22, 2004.

==Professional career==
{{nfl predraft
| height ft = 6
| height in = 1
| weight = 248
| dash = 4.64
| ten split = 1.57
| twenty split = 2.72
| shuttle = 3.96
| cone drill = 6.82
| vertical = 40
| broad ft = 9
| broad in = 7
| bench = 24
| wonderlic =
| arm span = 31 1/8
| hand span = 9 3/4
| note = All values from [[NFL Combine]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nfl.com/prospects/a-j-hawk/32004841-5707-6822-152e-a6d38ca7e098 |title=A.J. Hawk Draft and Combine Prospect Profile |website=NFL.com |access-date=November 9, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://draftscout.com/dsprofile.php?PlayerId=10424&DraftYear=2006| title=A.J. Hawk, Ohio State, OLB, 2006 NFL Draft Scout, NCAA College Football |date=March 25, 2009 |access-date=March 25, 2009 |work=draftscout.com}}</ref>
}}

===Green Bay Packers===
[[File:AJHawkGreenBayPackers2006.jpg|right|thumb|Hawk in 2006 during player introductions]]
The [[Green Bay Packers]] selected Hawk in the first round (fifth overall) of the [[2006 NFL Draft]]. He was the first linebacker drafted in 2006.

====2006====
On July 28, 2006, the Green Bay Packers signed Hawk to a six-year, $37.50 million contract that included $14.76 million guaranteed and a signing bonus of $1.91 million.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rotoworld.com/content/playerpages/player_contract.aspx?sport=NFL&id=3629 |title=AJ Hawk |publisher=Rotoworld.com |date=July 28, 2006 |access-date=December 28, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080221101617/http://www.rotoworld.com/content/playerpages/player_contract.aspx?sport=NFL&id=3629 |archive-date=February 21, 2008 }}</ref> Head coach [[Mike McCarthy]] named Hawk the starting weakside linebacker to begin his rookie season, alongside strongside linebacker [[Brady Poppinga]] and middle linebacker [[Nick Barnett]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Linebackers Making Their Presence Known |url=https://www.packers.com/news/linebackers-making-their-presence-known-2450756 |access-date=May 8, 2020 |website=Packers.com |date=November 13, 2006}}</ref>

He made his professional regular season debut during the Green Bay Packers' season-opener against the [[2006 Chicago Bears season|Chicago Bears]] and made five combined tackle (three solo) and one pass deflection during their 26–0 loss. On September 24, 2006, Hawk recorded eight combined tackles (five solo) and made his first career sack on [[Detroit Lions]] quarterback [[Jon Kitna]] for a nine-yard loss during the fourth quarter.<ref>{{cite web |title=Green Bay Packers at Detroit Lions - September 24th, 2006 |url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/200609240det.htm |access-date= May 8, 2020 |website=pro-football-reference.com}}</ref> In Week 12, Hawk collected a season-high 15 combined tackles (ten solo) during a 34–24 loss at the [[2006 Seattle Seahawks season|Seattle Seahawks]]. On December 10, 2006, Hawk recorded five combined tackles (four solo), a pass deflection, and made his first career [[interception]] during a 30–19 win at the [[2006 San Francisco 49ers season|San Francisco 49ers]] in Week 14. He intercepted a pass by 49ers' quarterback [[Alex Smith]], that was originally intended for [[Vernon Davis]], and returned it for a 25-yard gain during the fourth quarter. Hawk started in all 16 games as a rookie in 2006 and finished the season with 119 combined tackles (82 solo), six pass deflections, 3.5 sacks, two interceptions, and a forced fumble.<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite web |url=http://www.nfl.com/players/playerpage/412454 |title=A.J. Hawk |publisher=NFL |access-date=December 28, 2010}}</ref> He was third place in voting for the [[NFL Defensive Rookie of the Year Award|Associated Press Defensive Rookie of the Year]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sportsline.com/nfl/story/9905721 |title=National Football League: Awards |publisher=CBS Sports |access-date=December 28, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080223120102/http://www.sportsline.com/nfl/story/9905721 |archive-date=February 23, 2008 }}</ref>

====2007====
Defensive coordinator [[Bob Sanders (American football coach)|Bob Sanders]] retained Hawk, Barnett, and Poppinga as the starting linebackers in 2007. In Week 3, he collected a season-high 11 combined tackles (five solo) during a 31–24 victory against the [[2006 San Diego Chargers season|San Diego Chargers]]. He finished the season with 105 combined tackle (78 solo), four pass deflections, a sack, and one interception in 16 games and 16 starts. The [[2007 Green Bay Packers season|Green Bay Packers]] finished first in the NFC North with a 13–3 record and earned a first round bye. On January 12, 2008, Hawk started in his first career playoff game and made one solo tackle during the Packers' 42–20 victory against the [[2007 Seattle Seahawks season|Seattle Seahawks]] during the NFC Divisional Playoff. The following week, Hawk made seven combined tackles (four solo) and one sack as the Packers lost 23–20 against the [[2007 New York Giants season|New York Giants]] in the NFC Championship Game.<ref>{{cite web |title=NFL Player stats: A.J. Hawk (2007) |url=http://www.nfl.com/player/a.j.hawk/2495853/gamelogs?season=2007 |access-date=May 8, 2020 |website=NFL.com}}</ref> The New York Giants went on to defeat the [[2007 New England Patriots season|New England Patriots]] 17–14 in [[Super Bowl XLII]].

====2008====
Hawk returned as the starting left outside linebacker for the third consecutive season under defensive coordinator Bob Sanders. He started in the [[2008 Green Bay Packers season|Green Bay Packers']] season-opening 24–19 victory against the [[2008 Minnesota Vikings season|Minnesota Vikings]] and collected a season-high ten combined tackles (seven solo). In Week 11, Hawk replaced Nick Barnett as the starting middle linebacker after Barnett was placed on injured-reserve due to a torn [[Anterior cruciate ligament|ACL]] he sustained against the [[2008 Minnesota Vikings season|Minnesota Vikings]] the previous game.<ref>{{cite web |title= Packers' Barnett out for season with knee injury |url=http://www.nfl.com/news/story/09000d5d80c62d6e/article/packers-barnett-out-for-season-with-knee-injury |access-date=May 8, 2020 |website=NFL.com |date=November 10, 2008}}</ref> Hawk finished the [[2008 NFL season]] with 86 combined tackles (67 solo), three sacks, and one pass deflection in 16 games and 16 starts.<ref name="career">{{cite web |title=NFL Player stats: A.J. Hawk (career) |url=http://www.nfl.com/player/a.j.hawk/2495853/careerstats |access-date=May 8, 2020 |website=NFL.com}}</ref> The Green Bay Packers finished the season with a 6–10 record and did not qualify for the playoffs.

====2009====
On January 6, 2009, it was announced that Green Bay Packers' head coach Mike McCarthy had released defensive coordinator Bob Sanders and five defensive assistants.<ref>{{cite web |title=Packers fire defensive coordinator |url=https://www.espn.com/nfl/news/story?id=3811283 |access-date=May 8, 2020 |website=ESPN |date=January 6, 2009}}</ref> On January 19, 2009, the Green Bay Packers announced their decision to hire former [[2008 New England Patriots season|New England Patriots']] secondary coach [[Dom Capers]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Packers hire Capers to run defense |url=https://www.espn.com/nfl/news/story?id=3843754 |access-date=May 8, 2020 |website=ESPN |date=January 19, 2020}}</ref> Capers installed a base [[3-4 defense]]. Due to the change, Hawk was moved from weakside linebacker to inside linebacker.<ref>{{cite web |title=LB Corps Has Adjusted, Evolved & Performed |url=https://www.packers.com/news/lb-corps-has-adjusted-evolved-performed-2404543 |access-date=May 8, 2020 |website=Packers.com |date=December 10, 2009}}</ref> Head coach Mike McCarthy named Hawk and Nick Barnett the starting inside linebackers, alongside outside linebackers [[Aaron Kampman]] and [[Clay Matthews III]]. In Week 3, Hawk collected a season-high ten combined tackle (eight solo) during a 36–17 win at the [[2009 St. Louis Rams season|St. Louis Rams]]. He appeared in all 16 games in [[2009 NFL season|2009]] and had 14 starts with 89 combined tackles (67 solo), two pass deflections, two interceptions, and one sack.<ref name="career"/>

====2010====
Hawk and Barnett retained their roles as the starting inside linebackers in 2010 and played alongside Clay Matthews III and [[Brad Jones (American football)|Brad Jones]]. In Week 4, Hawk recorded 12 combined tackles (nine solo), two pass deflections, and intercepted a pass by Lions' quarterback [[Shaun Hill]] during a 28–26 win against the [[2010 Detroit Lions season|Detroit Lions]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Detroit Lions @ Green Bay Packers - October 3rd, 2010 |url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/201010030gnb.htm |access-date=May 8, 2020 |website=pro-football-reference.com}}</ref> In Week 6, he collected a season-high 13 combined tackle (five solo) during a 23–20 loss to the [[2010 Miami Dolphins season|Miami Dolphins]]. On December 26, 2010, Hawk made six combined tackles (five solo), deflected two passes, and intercepted his third pass of the season during a 45–17 win against the [[2010 New York Giants season|New York Giants]]. Hawk intercepted a pass by Giants' quarterback [[Eli Manning]], that was intended for running back [[Ahmad Bradshaw]], during the fourth quarter.<ref>{{cite web |title=New York Giants at Green Bay Packers - December 26th, 2010 |url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/201012260gnb.htm |access-date=May 8, 2020 |website=pro-football-reference.com}}</ref> He finished the [[2010 NFL season]] with 111 combined tackles (72 solo), a career-high ten pass deflections, a career-high three interceptions, and was credited with half a sack in 16 games and 15 starts.

The [[2010 Green Bay Packers season|Green Bay Packers]] finished the season with a 10–6 record and earned a wildcard berth. On February 6, 2011, Hawk appeared in Super Bowl XLV with the Green Bay Packers and made five combined tackles (two solo) and deflected a pass as they defeated the [[2010 Pittsburgh Steelers season|Pittsburgh Steelers]] 31–25.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/201102060pit.htm |title=Super Bowl XLV - Pittsburgh Steelers vs. Green Bay Packers - February 6th, 2011 |website=Pro-Football-Reference.com |language=en |access-date=December 15, 2017}}</ref>

====2011====
On March 2, 2011, the Green Bay Packers officially released Hawk as he was due $10 million for the [[2011 NFL season]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Packers release A.J. Hawk |url=http://sports.espn.go.com/nfl/news/story?id=6175534 |work=ESPN |date=March 2, 2011 |access-date=March 2, 2011}}</ref> On March 3, 2011, the Green Bay Packers signed Hawk to a new five-year, $33.75 million contract that included $9.50 million guaranteed and a [[signing bonus]] of $8 million. Hawk was released and re-signed in order for the Packers to free up cap space for the 2011 NFL season.<ref>{{cite news |title=Adam Schefter Twitter |url=https://twitter.com/AdamSchefter/status/43366220614991872 |work=Twitter |date=March 3, 2011 |access-date=March 3, 2011}}</ref><ref name="spotrac">{{cite web |title=Spotrac.com: A.J. Hawk contract |url=https://www.spotrac.com/nfl/green-bay-packers/a.j.-hawk-3711/ |access-date=May 8, 2020 |website=Spotrac.com}}</ref> Hawk retained his role as a starting inside linebacker, but played alongside [[Desmond Bishop]] after Nick Barnett was released. On October 21, 2011, it was reported that Hawk had received a $10,000 fine from the NFL for making an obscene gesture after making a sack during the Packers' 24–3 victory against the [[2011 St. Louis Rams season|St. Louis Rams]] the previous week.<ref>{{cite web |title=AJ Hawk and Clay Matthews Fined by NFL: Was It Right or Wrong? |url=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/904396 |access-date=May 8, 2020 |website=BleacherReport.com |date=October 21, 2011}}</ref> On November 24, 2011, Hawk recorded six combined tackles (four solo) and a pass deflection before exiting during halftime of the Packers' 27–15 victory at the [[2011 Detroit Lions season|Detroit Lions]] due to a calf injury.<ref>{{cite web |title=Packers notes: Hawk and Bishop sidelined by calf injuries |url=https://madison.com/sports/football/professional/packers-notes-hawk-and-bishop-sidelined-by-calf-injuries/article_7c471aca-1712-11e1-b5b4-001cc4c03286.html |access-date=May 8, 2020 |website=Madison.com |date=November 25, 2011}}</ref> He was inactive for the next two games (Weeks 13–14), ending his 91 consecutive games streak. In Week 16, he collected a season-high 12 combined tackles (six solo) during a 35–21 win against the [[2011 Chicago Bears season|Chicago Bears]]. Hawk finished the [[2011 NFL season]] with 84 combined tackles (53 solo), three pass deflections, and 1.5 sacks in 14 games and 14 starts.

====2012====
Defensive coordinator Dom Capers retained Hawk and Desmond Bishop as the starting inside linebackers for the second consecutive year, along with outside linebackers [[Erik Walden]] and Clay Matthews III. He started in the [[2012 Green Bay Packers season|Green Bay Packers']] season-opener against the [[2012 San Francisco 49ers season|San Francisco 49ers]] and collected a career-high 14 combined tackles (ten solo) during their 30–22 loss. Hawk started in all 16 games a made a career-high 120 combined tackles (81 solo) and three sacks.<ref name="career"/>

====2013====
On March 18, 2013, Hawk agreed to restructure his contract. The Green Bay Packers reduced his 2013 salary from $5.45 million to $3.6 million, his 2014 salary was reduced by $2.5 million, and his 2015 salary was reduced by nearly $3 million. All told, the total value of the remaining three years on Hawk's deal was reduced by about $7 million ($17.85 million to $10.6 million), providing the Packers with more cap space.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.acmepackingcompany.com/2013/3/18/4121176/a-j-hawk-contract-details-packers |first=Evan "Tex" |last=Western |title=A.J. Hawk Contract Details Released; Packers Gain $2M In Cap Space |publisher=Acme Packing Company |date=March 18, 2013 |access-date=June 17, 2014 }}</ref> Head coach Mike McCarthy named Hawk and Brad Jones the starting inside linebackers, alongside outside linebacker Clay Matthews III and [[Nick Perry (linebacker)|Nick Perry]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Here is the Packers' 2013 depth chart |url=http://archive.jsonline.com/blogs/sports/221947271.html |access-date=May 8, 2020 |website=archive.jsonline.com |date=August 31, 2013}}</ref> On October 13, 2013, Hawk made ten combined tackles (eight solo) and a career-high three sacks during a 19–17 victory at the [[2013 Baltimore Ravens season|Baltimore Ravens]] in Week 6.<ref>{{cite web |title=Green Bay Packers at Baltimore Ravens - October 13th, 2013 |url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/201310130rav.htm |access-date=May 8, 2020 |website=Pro-football-reference.com}}</ref> In Week 13, he recorded a season-high 12 combined tackles (eight solo) and one pass deflection as the Packers lost 40–10 at the [[2013 Detroit Lions season|Detroit Lions]].<ref>{{cite web |title=NFL Player stats: A.J. Hawk (2013) |url=http://www.nfl.com/player/a.j.hawk/2495853/gamelogs?season=2013 |access-date=May 8, 2020 |website=NFL.com}}</ref> Hawk finished the [[2013 NFL season]] with 118 combined tackles (74 solo), a career-high five sacks, five pass deflections, and one interception in 16 games and 16 starts.<ref name="career"/>

====2014====
Hawk and Brad Jones returned as the starting inside linebacker duo in 2014 and played alongside Clay Matthews III and [[Julius Peppers]]. In Week 4, he made a season-high 13 combined tackles (ten solo) during a 38–17 win at the [[2014 Chicago Bears season|Chicago Bears]]. He appeared in all 16 games in [[2014 NFL season|2014]] and had 13 starts while recording a total of 89 combined tackles (53 solo), two pass deflections, and was credited with half a sack.<ref name="career"/> The [[2014 Green Bay Packers season|Green Bay Packers]] finished first in the NFC North with a 12–4 record and earned a first round bye. On January 18, 2015, Hawk made one tackle as the Packers lost 28–22 at the [[2014 Seattle Seahawks season|Seattle Seahawks]] in overtime during the NFC Championship Game. Defensive coordinator [[Dom Capers]] chose to start Clay Matthews III and [[Sam Barrington]] at inside linebacker with Julius Peppers and Nick Perry as the starting outside linebackers during the NFC Championship Game. Hawk and Brad Jones began to lose their starting roles midseason after the Packers' defense ranked last against the run. This marked Hawk's last appearance as a member of the Green Bay Packers.<ref>{{cite web |title=Packers, Seahawks show defensive punch |url=https://www.roanoke.com/sports/packers-seahawks-show-defensive-punch/article_44905d9f-587f-5ec6-ac60-a6a03e5639b2.html |access-date=May 8, 2020 |website=Roanoke.com |date=January 17, 2015}}</ref>

====2015====
On February 25, 2015, Hawk was released by the Packers.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://twitter.com/packers/status/570697323887665152 |title=Green Bay Packers on Twitter |work=[[Twitter]] |date=February 25, 2015 |access-date=February 25, 2015}}</ref> Hawk led the team in tackles in five of his nine seasons in Green Bay.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.packers.com/team/roster/aj-hawk/f8705460-ceca-444d-974d-50c1125b52cc/ |title=A.J. Hawk |publisher=Green Bay Packers |date=2014 |access-date=June 17, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140629054914/http://www.packers.com/team/roster/aj-hawk/f8705460-ceca-444d-974d-50c1125b52cc/ |archive-date=June 29, 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

===Cincinnati Bengals===
On March 10, 2015, the [[Cincinnati Bengals]] signed Hawk to a two-year, $3.25 million contract that included $500,000 guaranteed.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Gantt |first1=Darin |title=Bengals reach two-year deal with linebacker A.J. Hawk |url=http://profootballtalk.nbcsports.com/2015/03/10/bengals-reach-two-year-deal-with-linebacker-a-j-hawk/ |publisher=Pro Football Talk |access-date=March 10, 2015 |date=March 10, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |work=ESPN |url=http://espn.go.com/blog/cincinnati-bengals/post/_/id/16112/bengals-aj-hawk-nfl-free-agency-contract-new-breakdown |title=Breaking down A.J. Hawk's new Bengals contract |date=March 12, 2015 |first=Coley |last=Harvey |access-date=March 12, 2015}}</ref> Head coach [[Marvin Lewis]] named Hawk the starting strongside linebacker, alongside [[Vincent Rey]] and [[Rey Maualuga]]. In Week 3, he collected a season-high six combined tackles (five solo) during a 28–24 win at the [[2015 Baltimore Ravens season|Baltimore Ravens]]. Hawk recorded his first sack with the Bengals in a Week 10 game against the [[Houston Texans]]. He appeared in 16 games with the Cincinnati Bengals with 11 starts and finished the season with 24 combined tackles (16 solo) and one sack.<ref name="career"/>

====2016====
On April 26, 2016, the Cincinnati Bengals officially released Hawk.<ref>{{cite web |title=Cincinnati Bengals Release A.J. Hawk |url=http://www.nfl.com/news/story/0ap3000000656083/article/cincinnati-bengals-release-linebacker-aj-hawk}}</ref>

===Atlanta Falcons===
On October 4, 2016, the [[Atlanta Falcons]] signed Hawk to a one-year, $985,000 contract that included a [[signing bonus]] of $15,000.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.atlantafalcons.com/news/blog/article-1/falcons-sign-lb-hawk-release-lb-schofield/cdf0ad8f-ff6d-41ae-b0d2-abd8d1b8b40d|title=Falcons sign LB Hawk, release LB Schofield|last=Jackson|first=Curtis|work=AtlantaFalcons.com|date=October 4, 2016|access-date=October 4, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170206212602/http://www.atlantafalcons.com/news/blog/article-1/Falcons-Sign-LB-Hawk-Release-LB-Schofield/cdf0ad8f-ff6d-41ae-b0d2-abd8d1b8b40d|archive-date=February 6, 2017|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Hawk was signed after [[Sean Weatherspoon]] sustained a torn Achilles two days prior. He appeared in the Falcons' Week 5 23–16 victory at the [[2016 Denver Broncos season|Denver Broncos]], but did not record a stat. Hawk remained inactive as a healthy scratch for the next two games (Weeks 6–7). On October 25, 2016, the Atlanta Falcons officially released Hawk.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.atlantafalcons.com/news/blog/article-1/falcons-release-person-hawk-sign-ward-ridley/0bd7c28b-b8d6-4953-bdb7-66c429588987|title=Falcons release Person, Hawk; sign Ward, Ridley|last=Jackson|first=Curtis|work=AtlantaFalcons.com|date=October 25, 2016|access-date=October 25, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161026163124/http://www.atlantafalcons.com/news/blog/article-1/falcons-release-person-hawk-sign-ward-ridley/0bd7c28b-b8d6-4953-bdb7-66c429588987|archive-date=October 26, 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>

===Retirement===
On January 7, 2017, Hawk announced his retirement on a podcast with Albert Breer.

On April 18, 2017, Hawk informed Packers' general manager [[Ted Thompson]] of his decision to retire with the Packers.<ref name="Packers retire">{{cite web|title=LB A.J. Hawk retires as a Packer|url=http://www.packers.com/news-and-events/article-press-release/article-1/LB-AJ-Hawk-retires-as-a-Packer/29654de9-659e-48e8-a831-dac75f6193a2|website=Packers.com|date=April 18, 2017|access-date=April 18, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170419084010/http://www.packers.com/news-and-events/article-press-release/article-1/LB-AJ-Hawk-retires-as-a-Packer/29654de9-659e-48e8-a831-dac75f6193a2|archive-date=April 19, 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> Thompson said, “The first thing that needs to be said about A.J. Hawk is that he is a good man. He was a terrific teammate and a true professional during his career, and we were lucky to have him. A.J. will always be a Packer. We wish the best to him and the entire Hawk family, and thank them for all that they gave to the team and the city of Green Bay.”<ref name="Packers retire" />

[[Mike McCarthy]] said, “We were fortunate to make A.J. my first pick as head coach in 2006, and he spent the next nine years giving everything he had to the Green Bay community and the Packers. His leadership and toughness were instrumental in all of our success, and we thank him for all that he did for the organization and the community. We wish A.J., Laura, and the rest of the Hawk family all the best, and I am confident that whatever the future holds, he will be successful.”<ref name="Packers retire" />

==NFL career statistics==
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
! colspan="2"| Legend
|-
| style="background:#afe6ba; width:3em;"|
| Won the [[Super Bowl]]
|-
| style="background:#cfecec; width:3em;"|
| Led the league
|-
| '''Bold'''
| Career high
|}

===Regular season===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! rowspan="2"| Year
! rowspan="2"| Team
! rowspan="2"| GP
! colspan="4"| Tackles
! colspan="2"| Fumbles
! colspan="6"| Interceptions
|-
! Comb !! Solo !! Ast !! Sack !! FF !! FR !! Int !! Yds !! Avg !! Lng !! TD !! PD
|-
! [[2006 NFL season|2006]] || [[2006 Green Bay Packers season|GB]]
| '''16'''|| 119 || '''82''' || 37 || 3.5 || '''1''' || '''2''' || 2 || 31 || 15.5 || 25 || 0 || 8
|-
! [[2007 NFL season|2007]] || [[2007 Green Bay Packers season|GB]]
| '''16'''|| 105 || 78 || 27 || 1.0 || '''1''' || 1 || 1 || 10 || 10.0 || 10 || 0 || 4
|-
! [[2008 NFL season|2008]] || [[2008 Green Bay Packers season|GB]]
| '''16'''|| 86 || 67 || 19 || 3.0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0.0 || 0 || 0 || 1
|-
! [[2009 NFL season|2009]] || [[2009 Green Bay Packers season|GB]]
| '''16'''|| 89 || 67 || 22 || 1.0 || '''1''' || 0 || 2 || '''42''' || '''21.0''' || '''29''' || 0 || 2
|-
! [[2010 NFL season|2010]] || style="background:#afe6ba; width:3em;"|[[2010 Green Bay Packers season|GB]]
| '''16'''|| 111 || 72 || 39 || 0.5 || 0 || 1 || '''3''' || 31 || 10.3 || 21 || 0 || '''10'''
|-
! [[2011 NFL season|2011]] || [[2011 Green Bay Packers season|GB]]
| 14 || 84 || 53 || 31 || 1.5 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0.0 || 0 || 0 || 3
|-
! [[2012 NFL season|2012]] || [[2012 Green Bay Packers season|GB]]
| '''16'''|| '''120''' || 81 || 39 || 3.0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0.0 || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
! [[2013 NFL season|2013]] || [[2013 Green Bay Packers season|GB]]
| '''16'''|| 118 || 74 || '''44''' || '''5.0''' || '''1''' || 1 || 1 || 7 || 7.0 || 7 || 0 || 4
|-
! [[2014 NFL season|2014]] || [[2014 Green Bay Packers season|GB]]
| '''16'''|| 89 || 53 || 36 || 0.5 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0.0 || 0 || 0 || 2
|-
! [[2015 NFL season|2015]] || [[2015 Cincinnati Bengals season|CIN]]
| '''16'''|| 24 || 16 || 8 || 1.0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0.0 || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
! [[2016 NFL season|2016]] || [[2016 Atlanta Falcons season|ATL]]
| 1 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0.0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0 || 0.0 || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
! colspan="2"| Total<ref name=ESPN>{{cite web|title=A.J. Hawk Stats|url=http://espn.go.com/nfl/player/stats/_/id/9591/aj-hawk|work=ESPN|access-date=May 26, 2016}}</ref> || 159 || 947 || 644 || 303 || 20.0 || 4 || 5 || 9 || 121 || 13.4 || 29 || 0 || 35
|}

==Personal life==
Hawk is married to Laura Hawk<ref>{{Cite web|last=Wolff|first=Amelia Compton|title=Laura Hawk: Heartfelt fashion|url=https://www.greenbaypressgazette.com/story/life/style/you/2014/09/17/laura-hawk-walks-for-fashions-from-the-heart/15768989/|access-date=2020-12-17|website=Green Bay Press-Gazette|language=en-US}}</ref> (née Quinn), the sister of former NFL quarterback [[Brady Quinn]]. They have been married since 2007<ref>{{Cite web|date=2007-05-22|title=Hawk miffed his wedding photos are on Internet|url=https://www.espn.com/nfl/news/story?id=2879244|access-date=2020-12-17|website=ESPN|language=en}}</ref> and have 4 children.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Faith, family and football|url=https://www.packers.com/news/mason-and-molly-crosby-faith-family-and-football|access-date=2020-12-17|website=www.packers.com|language=en-US}}</ref>Another one of his brothers in law is [[Jack Johnson (ice hockey)|Jack Johnson]].

Hawk's final game with the Buckeyes was the [[2006 Fiesta Bowl]] against [[2005 Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team|Notre Dame]], where Quinn was playing at the time. During the game Laura wore a custom-made jersey, half Ohio State and half Notre Dame, combining Brady's number 10 and Hawk's number 47, making the number 17. Hawk managed to sack his future brother-in-law twice during the game and was co-[[Most Valuable Player]] (MVP) of the bowl, which ended with an Ohio State victory.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fiestabowl.org/pdf5/45266.pdf?ATCLID=523263&SPSID=46030&SPID=4135&DB_OEM_ID=10200 |title=Fiesta Bowl |publisher=Fiesta Bowl |access-date=December 28, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720092609/http://www.fiestabowl.org/pdf5/45266.pdf?ATCLID=523263&SPSID=46030&SPID=4135&DB_OEM_ID=10200 |archive-date=July 20, 2011 }}</ref>

Hawk hosted a podcast called ''The HawkCast''.<ref name="The HawkCast Website">{{cite web |title=The HawkCast Website |url=http://thehawkcast.com}}</ref> During the initial COVID-19 lockdowns in 2020, he teamed up with former [[Indianapolis Colts]] punter [[Pat McAfee]] on a daily YouTube show called ''McAfee & Hawk Sports Talk''. He currently serves as the co-host for the final two hours of McAfee's daily radio show, ''The Pat McAfee Show'', on [[Sirius XM]] and YouTube. He also occasionally guest-hosts the show when McAfee is not available.

Hawk participated in the celebrity edition of the 2020 Ryder Cup, being paired in the event with actor [[Rob Riggle]]. Hawk is frequently referred to as "College Football National Champion, Super Bowl Champion, Ryder Cup Champion, and COVID Survivor" by McAfee. Hawk is known as a member of the toxic table on ''The Pat McAfee Show''. He has stated in the past that it's one of his career goals to work with [[Gary Vaynerchuk]]. He is also a big fan of [[Chuck Berry]]. An avid fan of Ohio sports, he has named former [[Cincinnati Reds]] catcher [[Benito Santiago]] as his favorite player, and [[Thom Brennaman]] as his favorite broadcaster. In the past Hawk has kept many tropical fish, including piranhas, as pets.

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
{{commons category|A. J. Hawk}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060825104646/http://ajhawk.com/ Official Website]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20150314225028/http://www.bengals.com/team/roster/A.J.-Hawk/29f5e7e3-5411-42df-b339-3a94b0b1aac3 Cincinnati Bengals bio]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20101122210915/http://www.packers.com/team/roster/A.J.-Hawk/f8705460-ceca-444d-974d-50c1125b52cc Green Bay Packers bio]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060206085344/http://ohiostatebuckeyes.collegesports.com/sports/m-footbl/mtt/hawk_aj00.html Ohio State Buckeye bio]

{{Navboxes
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Hawk, A. J.}}
[[Category:1984 births]]
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[[Category:American football linebackers]]
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Frédéric Vervisch

2022-06-04T22:40:06Z

Willy3198:

{{short description|Belgian racing driver (born 1986)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2019}}
{{Update|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox racing driver
| name = Frédéric Vervisch
| image = Vervischkampioen.JPG
| imagesize =
| caption = Celebrating the [[2008 German Formula Three season|2008]] [[German Formula Three Championship|German F3]] title
| nationality = {{flagicon|BEL}} Belgian
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1986|08|10}}
| birth_place = [[Kortrijk]], Belgium
| related to =
| current series = [[2011 Superleague Formula season|Superleague Formula]]
| first year = [[2010 Superleague Formula season|2010]]
| current team = Luxembourg
| car number = 5
| former teams = [[Liverpool F.C. (Superleague Formula team)|Liverpool FC]]
| starts = 12
| wins = 2
| poles = 0
| fastest laps = 3
| best finish =
| prev series = [[Italian Formula Three Championship|Italian F3]] [[Atlantic Championship]] [[German Formula Three Championship|German F3]] [[Asian Formula Three Championship|Asian F3]] [[Formula Renault 2.0 Northern European Cup|Formula Renault 2.0 NEC]] [[World Series by Renault|Formula Renault 3.5]] Formula Three French Cup
| prev series years = [[2010 Italian Formula Three season|2010]] [[2009 Atlantic Championship season|2009]] [[2007 German Formula Three season|2007]]–[[2008 German Formula Three season|08]] 2007–08 [[2006 Formula Renault 2.0 NEC season|2006]] [[2005 Formula Renault 3.5 Series season|2005]] 2004
| titles = [[German Formula Three Championship|German F3 Champion]] [[Asian Formula Three Championship|Asian F3 Champion]]
| title years = [[2008 German Formula Three season|2008]] 2007–08
| awards = [[Atlantic Championship]] Rookie of the Year
| award years = [[2009 Atlantic Championship season|2009]]
}}

'''Frédéric Vervisch''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|v|ɜːr|v|ɪ|ʃ}} {{Respell|VUR|vish}};<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=67b_WJuR0uU |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/67b_WJuR0uU |archive-date=2021-12-21 |url-status=live|title=RaceRoom | Frédéric Vervisch presents the Nordschleife | Esports WTCR OSCARO|website=[[YouTube]]|access-date=17 November 2020}}{{cbignore}}</ref> born 10 August 1986 in [[Kortrijk]]) is a [[Belgium|Belgian]] racing driver who currently races in the [[GT World Challenge Europe]].

==Career==

===Early career===
A winner of numerous [[karting]] championships, Vervisch moved to [[auto racing]] in 2003 making a single start in the Formula Three French Cup and immediately won upon his debut. Following that initial success, he participated in the entire 2004 Formula Three French Cup championship and finished runner-up.

===Formula Renault===
In [[2005 Formula Renault 3.5 Series season|2005]] Vervisch moved to the [[World Series by Renault|Formula Renault 3.5 series]], participating with GD Racing in 4 rounds with a best result of 12th in [[Circuit Zolder|Zolder]] in a race won by [[Robert Kubica]]. The season ended after round 4 in [[Circuit de la Sarthe|Le Mans]] when it became clear that his sponsor Kizz-Me was not fulfilling its financial obligations,<ref>Vermersch, Gert (14 February 2008). [http://www.nieuwsblad.be/article/detail.aspx?articleid=0M1NVJ5N "In drie jaar van flop naar top"], 3rd paragraph</ref> a fraud that the same company committed again against a [[World Rally Championship|WRC]] driver and his team in 2006.<ref>De Wilde, Olivier (9 August 2006). [http://www.dhnet.be/dhjournal/archives_det.phtml?id=632193 "Kizz Me coupe les ailes de Duval"]</ref>

In [[2006 Formula Renault seasons#2006 Formula Renault 2.0 Northern European Cup season|2006]] the 19-year-old Vervisch took a step back and competed full-time in [[Formula Renault 2.0 Northern European Cup]] with SL Formula Racing, finishing 9th in points and scoring a season-best 5th place at the [[Scandinavian Raceway|Anderstorp]] round.

===Formula Three===
In [[2007 German Formula Three season|2007]] Vervisch graduated to [[Formula Three|F3]] and raced with JB Motorsport in the [[German Formula Three Championship|German F3 Championship]]. He made a remarkable debut and finished runner-up to [[Carlo van Dam]] with 4 race wins and 11 podium finishes.

That winter, lured by the [[Formula One|F1]] test with [[Force India]] as prize for the champion,<ref>asianf3.net (24 October 2007) [http://www.asianf3.net/article/articleview/918/1/8/index.html "AF3 Champion to receive test in Force India F1 Car"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110430172423/http://www.asianf3.net/article/articleview/918/1/8/index.html |date=30 April 2011 }}</ref> Vervisch participated with Team Goddard in the [[Asian Formula Three Championship|Asian F3 Championship]] with only one goal: winning the championship. He did so while scoring an overwhelming 11 race wins on circuits such as [[Sepang International Circuit|Sepang]] and [[Zhuhai International Circuit|Zhuhai]].<ref>gpupdate.net (31 March 2008). [http://www.gpupdate.net/en/f1-news/184085/asian-f3-champ-wins-test-with-force-india/ "Asian F3 champ wins test with Force India"]</ref> However, due to changes in [[Formula One|F1]] testing rules, the [[Formula One|F1]] test drive with [[Force India]] could not take place.<ref>gpupdate.net (7 January 2010). [http://www.gpupdate.net/en/f1-news/225722/vervisch-still-waiting-for-force-india-test/ "Vervisch still waiting for Force India test"]</ref>

In [[2008 German Formula Three season|2008]] Vervisch returned to the [[German Formula Three Championship|German F3 Championship]], this time with [[Swiss Racing Team]]. Again, the goal was clear and simple: winning the championship. Halfway the season Vervisch switched to [[Jo Zeller|Jo Zeller Racing]] and eventually clinched the title by winning 5 of the 6 remaining races, which brought his total season tally to 7 race wins.<ref>formel3.de (24 October 2008). [http://www.formel3.de/news.php?id=730 "Retrospect of a champion"]</ref>

In [[2010 Italian Formula Three season|2010]] Vervisch decided to go back to [[Europe]] and race with [[RC Motorsport]] in the [[Italian Formula Three Championship|Italian F3 Championship]].<ref>f3italia.it (13 April 2010). [http://www.f3italia.it/index.asp?notizia=392&anno=2010 "Frédéric Vervisch signs for RC Motorsport"]</ref> He scored a season-best 3rd-place finish at [[Autodromo Enzo e Dino Ferrari|Imola]] but left the championship at the next round in [[Mugello Circuit|Mugello]] after having suffered 2 engine failures before even the start of the first race, and the subsequent team decision to withdraw from the race.<ref>Borgo, Marco (24 July 2010). [http://www.eracemotorblog.it/2010/07/24/f3-italia-mugello-ultimora-rc-ferma-di-sabatino-e-vervisch-per-problemi-ai-propulsori.html "F3 Italia – Mugello, ultim’ora: RC ferma Di Sabatino e Vervisch per problemi ai propulsori"]</ref>

===Atlantic Championship===
In [[2009 Atlantic Championship season|2009]] after having won the [[2008 German Formula Three season|2008]] [[German Formula Three Championship|German F3]] title, Vervisch moved to the United States where he competed in the [[Atlantic Championship]] for Genoa Racing.<ref>Eyckmans, Gregory (15 March 2010). [http://www.racexpress.nl/index.php?nav=Artikel&nid=15114 “Frederic Vervisch goes USA”]</ref> He finished 4th in the championship standings with four podium finishes and grabbed the Rookie of the Year title.<ref name="rookie">Knapp Schilke, Nancy (11 October 2009). [http://www.motorsport.com/news/article.asp?ID=348876&FS=ATLANTIC "Edwards takes the crown with MRLS victory"], last paragraph: "Vervisch already had notched the Rookie of the Year title earning one second place and three 3rd place finishes in 2009."</ref>

===Superleague Formula===
On 5 September [[2010 Superleague Formula season|2010]], Vervisch made his debut in [[Superleague Formula]] after receiving an invitation by [[Atech Grand Prix|Atech]]-[[Reid Motorsport|Reid]] to drive the [[Liverpool F.C. (Superleague Formula team)|Liverpool FC]] car at the [[2010 Adria Superleague Formula round|Adria]] round. In the race, he overtook his teammate [[Yelmer Buurman]] and [[Robert Doornbos]], and secured a slot in the Super Final.<ref>{{cite web|author=fv|url=https://us.motorsport.com/sf/news/adria-frederic-vervisch-event-summary/2495023/|website=[[Motorsport.com]]|title=Adria: Frederic Vervisch event summary|language=en|date=9 September 2010|access-date=29 January 2022}}</ref> Vervisch continued his successful series debut at the next round in [[2010 Portimão Superleague Formula round|Portimão]] where he was crowned the overall weekend winner in the Super Final.<ref>superleagueformula.com (19 September 2010) [http://www.superleagueformula.com/superleague/News-Media/News-archive/Vervisch-bags-100-000-as-title-race-takes-another-twist "Vervisch bags €100,000 as title race takes another twist"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100923152125/http://www.superleagueformula.com/superleague/News-Media/News-archive/Vervisch-bags-100-000-as-title-race-takes-another-twist |date=23 September 2010 }}</ref><ref>superleagueformula.com (19 September 2010) [http://www.superleagueformula.com/superleague/Clubs/Liverpool-FC/News/Vervisch-nets-Liverpool-s-first-Super-Final-win-of-2010 "Vervisch nets Liverpool's first Super Final win of 2010"]{{Dead link|date=December 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> He took his pace to the inaugural [[Superleague Formula]] China rounds in [[2010 Ordos Superleague Formula round|Ordos]] where he first suffered an engine failure in race 1 but then recovered with a victory in race 2<ref>Bradley, Charles (3 October 2010) [http://www.autosport.com/news/report.php/id/87173 "Vervisch wins race two for Liverpool"]</ref><ref>superleagueformula.com (3 October 2010) [http://www.superleagueformula.com/superleague/Clubs/Liverpool-FC/News/Liverpool-score-first-win-of-2010 "Liverpool score first win of 2010"]{{Dead link|date=December 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> and in the streets of [[2010 Beijing Superleague Formula round|Beijing]] where Vervisch scored a double podium finish – in race 1 and then the overall 3rd spot for the weekend.<ref>Bradley, Charles (10 October 2010) [http://www.autosport.com/news/report.php/id/87360 "Spur's Dolby wins first Beijing race"], 5th paragraph: "...while the star of the race was Liverpool's Frederic Vervisch, who stormed from 15th to third. His pass on Tristan Gommendy (Lyon) at the exit of the controversial final chicane, the layout of which almost caused a drivers' strike this morning following Andy Soucek's huge crash there in qualifying, was the move of the race."</ref><ref name="Beijing">superleagueformula.com (10 October 2010) [http://www.superleagueformula.com/superleague/News-Media/News-archive/Parente-wins-chaotic-second-race-as-Super-Final-cancelled "Parente wins chaotic second race as Super Final cancelled"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101015225603/http://www.superleagueformula.com/superleague/News-Media/News-archive/Parente-wins-chaotic-second-race-as-Super-Final-cancelled |date=15 October 2010 }}, 3rd paragraph: "...with third going to Frederic Vervisch (Liverpool) who takes home €50,000, a just reward after two superb overtaking-filled performances from the Belgian."</ref><ref>superleagueformula.com (10 October 2010) [http://www.superleagueformula.com/superleague/Clubs/Liverpool-FC/News/Vervisch-scoops-Super-Final-podium-in-Beijing "Vervisch scoops Super Final podium in Beijing"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101015225724/http://www.superleagueformula.com/superleague/Clubs/Liverpool-FC/News/Vervisch-scoops-Super-Final-podium-in-Beijing |date=15 October 2010 }}</ref> At the final round of the [[Superleague Formula]] season in [[2010 Navarra Superleague Formula round|Navarra]] Vervisch didn't reach the finish line due to mechanical failures in both races.<ref>superleagueformula.com (24 October 2010) [http://www.superleagueformula.com/superleague/Clubs/Liverpool-FC/News/Liverpool-end-season-with-double-disappointment "Liverpool end season with double disappointment"]{{Dead link|date=December 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

=== Veranstaltergemeinschaft Langstreckenmeisterschaft Nürburgring ([[Nürburgring Langstrecken Serie|VLN]]) ===
On 20-23 June 2019, Verschisch took one of the biggest victories in his career by winning the 24 hours of the [[Nürburgring]], part of the [[Nürburgring Langstrecken Serie|VLN]] championship, driving for [[Phoenix Racing (German racing team)|Phoenix Racing]] in the Audi R8 LMS (GT3) with teammates [[Dries Vanthoor]] (BEL), [[Pierre Kaffer]] (CH) and [[Frank Stippler]] (DEU). <ref>{{Cite web|title=VLN 24h Nurburgring 2019 official results|url=https://www.autosport.be/u/2019/24h-nurburgring/32-24h-result-provisional.pdf}}</ref>

==Racing record==

===Career summary===
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%; text-align:center"
! Season
! Series
! Team Name
! Races
! Wins
! Poles
! F/Laps
! Podiums
! Points
! Position
|-
! 2003
|align=left| French Formula 3 Cup
|align=left| JMP Racing
| 1
| 1
| ?
| ?
| 1
| ?
| ?
|-
! 2004
|align=left| French Formula 3 Cup
|align=left| JMP Racing
| 6
| 4
| ?
| ?
| 5
| 139
|style="background:#DFDFDF;"| '''2nd'''
|-
! 2005
|align=left| [[2005 Formula Renault 3.5 Series season|Formula Renault 3.5 Series]]
|align=left| GD Racing
| 7
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 30th
|-
!rowspan=2| 2006
|align=left| [[2006 Formula Renault 2.0 NEC season|Formula Renault 2.0 NEC]]
|align=left rowspan=2| SL Formula Racing
| 16
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 152
| 9th
|-
|align=left| [[2006 Eurocup Formula Renault 2.0 season|Eurocup Formula Renault 2.0]]
| 4
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 42nd
|-
!rowspan=3| 2007
|align=left| [[2007 German Formula Three season|German Formula 3 Championship]]
|align=left| JB Motorsport
| 18
| 4
| 1
| 7
| 11
| 127
|style="background:#DFDFDF;"| '''2nd'''
|-
|align=left| [[2007 Formula Renault 3.5 Series season|Formula Renault 3.5 Series]]
|align=left| GD Racing
| 4
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 30th
|-
|align=left| V de V Challenge Sprint – Proto
|align=left| JMP Racing
| 2
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 2
| 73.5
| 12th
|-
! 2007–08
|align=left| [[Asian Formula Three Championship|Asian Formula 3 Championship]]
|align=left| Team Goddard
| 18
| 11
| 10
| 15
| 17
| 322
|style="background:#ffffbf;"| '''1st'''
|-
!rowspan=3| 2008
|rowspan=2 align=left| [[2008 German Formula Three season|German Formula 3 Championship]]
|align=left| [[Swiss Racing Team]]
| 10
| 2
| 0
| 1
| 5
|rowspan=2| 120
|rowspan=2 style="background:#FFFFBF;"| '''1st'''
|-
|align=left| [[Jo Zeller|Jo Zeller Racing]]
| 6
| 5
| 4
| 5
| 5
|-
|align=left| [[2008 Formula 3 Euro Series season|Formula 3 Euro Series]]
|align=left| [[RC Motorsport]]
| 2
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| N/A
| NC†
|-
! 2009
|align=left| [[2009 Atlantic Championship season|Atlantic Championship]]
|align=left| Genoa Racing
| 12
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 4
| 131
| 4th
|-
!rowspan=2| 2010
|align=left| [[Italian Formula Three Championship|Italian Formula 3 Championship]]
|align=left| [[RC Motorsport]]
|7
|0
|0
|0
|1
|20
|14th
|-
|align=left| [[2010 Superleague Formula season|Superleague Formula]]
|align=left| [[Liverpool F.C. (Superleague Formula team)|Liverpool FC]]
|12
|2
|0
|3
|3
|439 ‡
|10th ‡
|-
! 2011
|align=left| [[2011 Superleague Formula season|Superleague Formula]]
|align=left| Luxembourg
|5
|1
|0
|1
|3
|134
|style="background:#FFDF9F;"| '''3rd'''
|-
!rowspan=2| 2013
|align=left| [[2013 FIA GT Series|FIA GT Series]]
|align=left rowspan=2| [[Boutsen Ginion Racing]]
|2
|0
|0
|0
|0
| N/A
| NC†
|-
|align=left| [[2013 Blancpain Endurance Series|Blancpain Endurance Series – Pro-Am]]
|4
|1
|0
|0
|1
|40
|8th
|-
!rowspan=2| 2014
|align=left| [[2014 Blancpain Sprint Series|Blancpain Sprint Series]]
|align=left rowspan=2| [[Boutsen Ginion Racing]]
|2
|0
|0
|0
|0
|8
|24th
|-
|align=left| [[2014 Blancpain Endurance Series|Blancpain Endurance Series – Pro-Am]]
|4
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|NC
|-
!rowspan=3| 2015
|align=left| [[2015 Blancpain Sprint Series|Blancpain Sprint Series]]
|align=left| [[W Racing Team|Belgian Audi Club Team WRT]]
|2
|0
|0
|0
|2
|21
|19th
|-
|align=left| [[2015 Blancpain Endurance Series|Blancpain Endurance Series]]
|align=left| [[ISR Racing|ISR]]
|5
|0
|0
|0
|0
|18
|15th
|-
|align=left| [[2015 Stock Car Brasil season|Stock Car Brasil]]
|align=left| Cavaleiro Racing
|1
|0
|0
|0
|0
| N/A
| NC†
|-
!rowspan=6| 2016
|align=left| [[2016 Blancpain GT Series Sprint Cup|Blancpain GT Series Sprint Cup]]
|align=left rowspan=2| [[W Racing Team|Belgian Audi Club Team WRT]]
|10
|1
|0
|1
|3
|58
|5th
|-
|align=left| [[2016 Blancpain GT Series Endurance Cup|Blancpain GT Series Endurance Cup]]
|5
|0
|0
|0
|2
|45
|8th
|-
|align=left| [[2016 Intercontinental GT Challenge|Intercontinental GT Challenge]]
|align=left| [[Audi#Motorsport|Audi]]
|1
|0
|0
|0
|0
|8
|17th
|-
|align=left| [[2016 ADAC GT Masters|ADAC GT Masters]]
|align=left| Montaplast by Land-Motorsport
|8
|0
|0
|0
|0
|24
|28th
|-
|align=left| [[2016 European Le Mans Series|European Le Mans Series]]
|align=left| Eurasia Motorsport
|1
|0
|0
|0
|0
|10
|25th
|-
|align=left| V de V Challenge Endurance – GT
|align=left| [[W Racing Team|WRT]]
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| NC
|-
!2016–17
|align=left| [[2016–17 Asian Le Mans Series|Asian Le Mans Series]]
|align=left| DH Racing
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 12
| 13th
|-
!rowspan=6| 2017
|align=left| [[2017 TCR International Series|TCR International Series]]
|align=left rowspan=2| [[Comtoyou Racing]]
| 16
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 84
| 10th
|-
|align=left| [[2017 TCR Benelux Touring Car Championship|TCR BeNeLux Touring Car Championship]]
| 3
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 33
| 27th
|-
|align=left| [[2017 Intercontinental GT Challenge|Intercontinental GT Challenge]]
|align=left| [[Audi#Motorsport|Audi]]
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 10
| 11th
|-
|align=left| [[2017 Blancpain GT Series Sprint Cup|Blancpain GT Series Sprint Cup]]
|align=left rowspan=2| [[W Racing Team|Audi Sport Team WRT]]
| 2
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| NC
|-
|align=left rowspan=2| [[2017 Blancpain GT Series Endurance Cup|Blancpain GT Series Endurance Cup]]
| 2
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|rowspan=2| 20
|rowspan=2| 17th
|-
|align=left| [[Grasser Racing Team|GRT Grasser Racing Team]]
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|-
! rowspan="8" | 2018
|align=left| [[2018 World Touring Car Cup|World Touring Car Cup]]
|align=left| [[Comtoyou Racing|Audi Sport Team Comtoyou]]
| 30
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 7
| 228
| 9th
|-
|align=left| [[2018 ADAC GT Masters|ADAC GT Masters]]
|align=left| Aust Motorsport
| 11
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 4
| 39th
|-
|align=left| [[2018 Blancpain GT Series Sprint Cup|Blancpain GT Series Sprint Cup]]
|align=left rowspan=2| [[W Racing Team|Belgian Audi Club Team WRT]]
| 2
| 1
| 1
| 0
| 1
| 25
| 10th
|-
|align=left rowspan=2| [[2018 Blancpain GT Series Endurance Cup|Blancpain GT Series Endurance Cup]]
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|rowspan=2| 18
|rowspan=2| 25th
|-
|align=left| [[Saintéloc Racing|Audi Sport Team Saintéloc]]
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
|-
|align=left| [[2018 Intercontinental GT Challenge|Intercontinental GT Challenge]]
|align=left| [[Audi#Motorsport|Audi]]
| 3
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 37
| 7th
|-
|align=left| [[2018 Michelin Le Mans Cup|Michelin Le Mans Cup – GT3]]
|align=left| [[AF Corse|Spirit of Race]]
| 2
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 0
| 12
| 10th
|-
|align=left| [[2018 China Formula 4 Championship|China Formula 4 Championship]]
|align=left| Freely Racing Team
| 3
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| NC†
|-
!rowspan=6 | 2019
|align=left| [[2019 World Touring Car Cup|World Touring Car Cup]]
|align=left| [[Comtoyou Racing|Comtoyou Team Audi Sport]]
| 30
| 1
| 1
| 4
| 5
| 194
| 12th
|-
|align=left| [[2019 Blancpain GT World Challenge Europe|Blancpain GT World Challenge Europe]]
|align=left| [[Phoenix Racing (German racing team)|Phoenix Racing]]
| 10
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 11
| 16th
|-
|align=left| [[2019 Intercontinental GT Challenge|Intercontinental GT Challenge]]
|align=left| [[Audi#Motorsport|Audi]]
| 5
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 2
| 53
| 5th
|-
|align=left| [[2019 ADAC GT Masters|ADAC GT Masters]]
|align=left| [[Mücke Motorsport|BWT Mücke Motorsport]]
| 6
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 16
| 28th
|-
|align=left| [[2019 Blancpain GT Series Endurance Cup|Blancpain GT Series Endurance Cup]]
|align=left| [[Saintéloc Racing|Audi Sport Team Saintéloc]]
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 12
| 19th
|-
|align=left| [[2019 IMSA SportsCar Championship|IMSA SportsCar Championship – GTD]]
|align=left| [[W Racing Team|WRT Speedstar Audi Sport]]
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 30
| 47th
|-
!rowspan=4| 2020
|align=left| [[2020 GT World Challenge Europe Sprint Cup|GT World Challenge Europe Sprint Cup]]
|align=left rowspan=2| Attempto Racing
| 8
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 1
| 30.5
| 10th
|-
|align=left| [[2020 GT World Challenge Europe Endurance Cup|GT World Challenge Europe Endurance Cup]]
| 4
| 0
| 1
| 1
| 1
| 26
| 12th
|-
|align=left| [[2020 ADAC GT Masters|ADAC GT Masters]]
|align=left| [[W Racing Team|Team WRT]]
| 4
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 11
| 35th
|-
|align=left| [[2020 Intercontinental GT Challenge|Intercontinental GT Challenge]]
|align=left| [[Audi#Motorsport|Audi]]
| 3
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 2
| 36
| 4th
|-
!rowspan=3| 2021
|align=left| [[2021 World Touring Car Cup|World Touring Car Cup]]
|align=left| [[Comtoyou Racing|Comtoyou Team Audi Sport]]
| 16
| 2
| 1
| 5
| 5
| 195
|style="background:#DFDFDF;"| '''2nd'''
|-
|align=left| [[2021 GT World Challenge Europe Sprint Cup|GT World Challenge Europe Sprint Cup]]
|align=left rowspan=2| [[Saintéloc Racing]]
| 8
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 19.5
| 16th
|-
|align=left| [[2021 GT World Challenge Europe Endurance Cup|GT World Challenge Europe Endurance Cup]]
| 1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 2
| 9th*
|-
! 2022
|align=left| [[2022 GT World Challenge Europe Sprint Cup|GT World Challenge Europe Sprint Cup]]
|align=left| [[Valentino Rossi|Monster VR46]] with [[W Racing Team|Team WRT]]
| 4
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 2
| 15th*
|}
‡ Team standings
† As Vervisch was a guest driver, he was ineligible to score points.
* Season still in progress.

===Complete Formula Renault 3.5 Series results===
([[:Template:Motorsport driver results legend|key]]) (Races in '''bold''' indicate pole position) (Races in ''italics'' indicate fastest lap)
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%"
|-
! Year
! Team
! 1
! 2
! 3
! 4
! 5
! 6
! 7
! 8
! 9
! 10
! 11
! 12
! 13
! 14
! 15
! 16
! 17
! Pos
! Points
|-
| [[2005 Formula Renault 3.5 Series season|2005]]
! GD Racing
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[Circuit Zolder|ZOL 1]] {{small|19}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[Circuit Zolder|ZOL 1]] {{small|12}}
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| [[Circuit de Monaco|MON 1]] {{small|Ret}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[Circuit Ricardo Tormo|VAL 1]] {{small|19}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[Circuit Ricardo Tormo|VAL 2]] {{small|17}}
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| [[Circuit de la Sarthe#Bugatti Circuit|LMS 1]] {{small|Ret}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[Circuit de la Sarthe#Bugatti Circuit|LMS 2]] {{small|20}}
| [[Circuito Urbano Bilbao|BIL 1]]
| [[Circuito Urbano Bilbao|BIL 2]]
| [[Motorsport Arena Oschersleben|OSC 1]]
| [[Motorsport Arena Oschersleben|OSC 2]]
| [[Donington Park|DON 1]]
| [[Donington Park|DON 2]]
| [[Autódromo do Estoril|EST 1]]
| [[Autódromo do Estoril|EST 2]]
| [[Autodromo Nazionale Monza|MNZ 1]]
| [[Autodromo Nazionale Monza|MNZ 2]]
! 30th
! 0
|-
| [[2007 Formula Renault 3.5 Series season|2007]]
! GD Racing
| [[Autodromo Nazionale Monza|MNZ 1]]
| [[Autodromo Nazionale Monza|MNZ 2]]
| [[Nürburgring|NÜR 1]]
| [[Nürburgring|NÜR 2]]
| [[Circuit de Monaco|MON 1]]
| [[Hungaroring|HUN 1]]
| [[Hungaroring|HUN 2]]
| [[Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps|SPA 1]]
| [[Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps|SPA 2]]
| [[Donington Park|DON 1]]
| [[Donington Park|DON 2]]
| [[Circuit de Nevers Magny-Cours|MAG 1]]
| [[Circuit de Nevers Magny-Cours|MAG 2]]
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[Autódromo do Estoril|EST 1]] {{small|14}}
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| [[Autódromo do Estoril|EST 2]] {{small|Ret}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[Circuit de Catalunya|CAT 1]] {{small|21}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[Circuit de Catalunya|CAT 2]] {{small|12}}
! 30th
! 0
|}

===Atlantic Championship results===
([[:Template:Motorsport driver results legend|key]]) (Races in '''bold''' indicate pole position) (Races in ''italics'' indicate fastest lap)

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; text-align:center"
|-
! Year
! Team
! [[Sebring International Raceway|SEB]]
! [[Miller Motorsports Park|MIL]]
! [[New Jersey Motorsports Park|NJ1]]
! [[New Jersey Motorsports Park|''NJ2'']]
! [[Lime Rock Park|LRP]]
! [[Autobahn Country Club|ACC1]]
! [[Autobahn Country Club|ACC2]]
! [[Mid-Ohio Sports Car Course|MID]]
! [[Circuit Trois-Rivières|CTR]]
! [[Mosport International Raceway|MOS]]
! [[Road Atlanta|ATL]]
! [[Mazda Raceway Laguna Seca|''LAG'']]
! Position
! Points
|-
! [[2009 Atlantic Championship season|2009]]
|align="left"| Genoa Racing
|style="background:#DFDFDF;"| 2
|style="background:#FFDF9F;"| 3
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| 7
|style="background:#FFDF9F;"| ''3''
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| 6
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| 4
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| 4
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| 5
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| 9
|style="background:#FFDF9F;"| 3
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| 6
|style="background:#FFDF9F;"| ''3''
| align="center" | '''4th''' †
|align="right"| '''131'''
|}
† Vervisch finished the season as Rookie of the Year<ref name="rookie" />

===Superleague Formula results===
([[:Template:Motorsport driver results legend|key]]) (Races in '''bold''' indicate pole position) (Races in ''italics'' indicate fastest lap)

{|class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; text-align:center"
!rowspan=2 | Year
!rowspan=2 | Team
!rowspan=2 | Operator
!colspan=3| [[2010 Adria Superleague Formula round|ADR]]
!colspan=3| [[2010 Portimão Superleague Formula round|POR]]
!colspan=3| [[2010 Ordos Superleague Formula round|ORD]]
!colspan=3| [[2010 Beijing Superleague Formula round|BEI]]
!colspan=3| [[2010 Navarra Superleague Formula round|NAV]]
|-
!R1
!R2
!S
!R1
!R2
!S
!R1
!R2
!S
!''R1''
!''R2''
!S
!''R1''
!R2
!S
|- style="border-top:2px solid #aaaaaa"
! [[2010 Superleague Formula season|2010]]
|align=left| [[Liverpool F.C. (Superleague Formula team)|Liverpool FC]]
|align=left| [[Atech Grand Prix|Atech]]-[[Reid Motorsport|Reid]]
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| 7
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| 5
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| 6
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| 4
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| 6
|style="background:#ffffbf;"| 1
|style="background:#efcfff;"| Ret
|style="background:#ffffbf;"| 1
|style="background:#ffcfcf;"| X
|style="background:#ffdf9f;"| ''3''
|style="background:#cfcfff;"| ''7''
|style="background:#ffdf9f;"| C †
|style="background:#dfffdf;"| ''16''
|style="background:#efcfff;"| Ret
|style="background:#ffcfcf;"| X
|}

NOTE – R2 starts 
with reverse grid 
'''S''' = Super Final
† The Super Final at the Beijing round was cancelled but Vervisch was classified as 3rd overall<ref name="Beijing" />

===Complete GT World Challenge Europe Sprint Cup results===
{| class="wikitable" border="1" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;"
|-
! Year
! Team
! Car
! Class
! 1
! 2
! 3
! 4
! 5
! 6
! 7
! 8
! 9
! 10
! 11
! 12
! 13
! 14
! Pos.
! Points
|-
| [[2014 Blancpain Sprint Series|2014]]
! [[Thierry Boutsen|Boutsen Ginion]]
! [[McLaren MP4-12C|McLaren MP4-12C GT3]]
! Pro
| [[Circuit Paul Armagnac|NOG QR]]
| [[Circuit Paul Armagnac|NOG CR]]
| [[Brands Hatch|BRH QR]]
| [[Brands Hatch|BRH CR]]
| [[Circuit Park Zandvoort|ZAN QR]]
| [[Circuit Park Zandvoort|ZAN CR]]
| [[Automotodróm Slovakia Ring|SVK QR]]
| [[Automotodróm Slovakia Ring|SVK CR]]
| [[Algarve International Circuit|ALG QR]]
| [[Algarve International Circuit|ALG CR]]
| [[Circuit Zolder|ZOL QR]]
| [[Circuit Zolder|ZOL CR]]
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[Baku World Challenge|BAK QR]] {{small|7}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Baku World Challenge|BAK CR]] {{small|6}}
! 24th
! 8
|-
| [[2015 Blancpain Sprint Series|2015]]
! [[W Racing Team|Belgian Audi Club Team WRT]]
! [[Audi R8 (road car)|Audi R8 LMS ultra]]
! Pro
| [[Circuit Paul Armagnac|NOG QR]]
| [[Circuit Paul Armagnac|NOG CR]]
| [[Brands Hatch|BRH QR]]
| [[Brands Hatch|BRH CR]]
| [[Circuit Zolder|ZOL QR]]
| [[Circuit Zolder|ZOL CR]]
| [[Moscow Street Circuit (Blancpain GT Series)|MOS QR]]
| [[Moscow Street Circuit (Blancpain GT Series)|MOS CR]]
| [[Algarve International Circuit|ALG QR]]
| [[Algarve International Circuit|ALG CR]]
| [[Misano World Circuit Marco Simoncelli|MIS QR]]
| [[Misano World Circuit Marco Simoncelli|MIS CR]]
|style="background:#DFDFDF;"| [[2015 Blancpain Sprint Series Zandvoort round|ZAN QR]] {{small|2}}
|style="background:#FFDF9F;"| [[2015 Blancpain Sprint Series Zandvoort round|ZAN CR]] {{small|3}}
! 19th
! 21
|-
| [[2016 Blancpain GT Series Sprint Cup|2016]]
! [[W Racing Team|Belgian Audi Club Team WRT]]
! [[Audi R8 (road car)|Audi R8 LMS]]
! Pro
|style="background:#FFDF9F;"| '''[[Misano World Circuit Marco Simoncelli|MIS QR]]''' {{small|3}}
|style="background:#FFFFBF;"| [[Misano World Circuit Marco Simoncelli|MIS CR]] {{small|1}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Brands Hatch|BRH QR]] {{small|5}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[Brands Hatch|BRH CR]] {{small|15}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[Nürburgring|NÜR QR]] {{small|24}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Nürburgring|NÜR CR]] {{small|7}}
|style="background:#FFDF9F;"| ''[[Hungaroring|HUN QR]]'' {{small|3}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Hungaroring|HUN CR]] {{small|8}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya|CAT QR]] {{small|13}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya|CAT CR]] {{small|4}}
|
|
|
|
! 5th
! 58
|-
| [[2017 Blancpain GT Series Sprint Cup|2017]]
! [[W Racing Team|Belgian Audi Club Team WRT]]
! [[Audi R8 (road car)|Audi R8 LMS]]
! Pro
| [[Misano World Circuit Marco Simoncelli|MIS QR]]
| [[Misano World Circuit Marco Simoncelli|MIS CR]]
| [[Brands Hatch|BRH QR]]
| [[Brands Hatch|BRH CR]]
| [[Circuit Zolder|ZOL QR]]
| [[Circuit Zolder|ZOL CR]]
| [[Hungaroring|HUN QR]]
| [[Hungaroring|HUN CR]]
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[Nürburgring|NÜR QR]] {{small|14}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[Nürburgring|NÜR CR]] {{small|16}}
|
|
|
|
! NC
! 0
|-
| [[2018 Blancpain GT Series Sprint Cup|2018]]
! [[W Racing Team|Belgian Audi Club Team WRT]]
! [[Audi R8|Audi R8 LMS]]
! Pro
| [[Circuit Zolder|ZOL 1]]
| [[Circuit Zolder|ZOL 2]]
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Brands Hatch|BRH 1]] {{small|4}}
|style="background:#FFFFBF;"| '''[[Brands Hatch|BRH 2]]''' {{small|1}}
| [[Misano World Circuit Marco Simoncelli|MIS 1]]
| [[Misano World Circuit Marco Simoncelli|MIS 2]]
| [[Hungaroring|HUN 1]]
| [[Hungaroring|HUN 2]]
| [[Nürburgring|NÜR 1]]
| [[Nürburgring|NÜR 2]]
|
|
|
|
! 10th
! 25
|-
| [[2019 Blancpain GT World Challenge Europe|2019]]
! [[Phoenix Racing (German racing team)|Phoenix Racing]]
! [[Audi R8|Audi R8 LMS]]
! Pro
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Brands Hatch|BRH 1]] {{small|8}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[Brands Hatch|BRH 2]] {{small|12}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Misano World Circuit Marco Simoncelli|MIS 1]] {{small|10}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Misano World Circuit Marco Simoncelli|MIS 2]] {{small|5}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Circuit Zandvoort|ZAN 1]] {{small|8}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Circuit Zandvoort|ZAN 2]] {{small|10}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[Nürburgring|NÜR 1]] {{small|13}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[Nürburgring|NÜR 2]] {{small|25}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[Hungaroring|HUN 1]] {{small|18}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[Hungaroring|HUN 2]] {{small|20}}
|
|
|
|
! 16th
! 11
|-
| [[2020 GT World Challenge Europe Sprint Cup|2020]]
! Attempto Racing
! [[Audi R8|Audi R8 LMS Evo]]
! Pro
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Misano World Circuit Marco Simoncelli|MIS 1]] {{small|6}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[Misano World Circuit Marco Simoncelli|MIS 2]] {{small|17}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[Misano World Circuit Marco Simoncelli|MIS 3]] {{small|16}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Circuit de Nevers Magny-Cours |MAG 1]] {{small|4}}
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| [[Circuit de Nevers Magny-Cours |MAG 2]] {{small|Ret}}
| [[Circuit Zandvoort|ZAN 1]]
| [[Circuit Zandvoort|ZAN 2]]
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya|CAT 1]] {{small|8}}
|style="background:#FFFFBF;"| [[Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya|CAT 2]] {{small|1}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya|CAT 3]] {{small|16}}
|
|
|
|
! 10th
! 30.5
|-
| [[2021 GT World Challenge Europe Sprint Cup|2021]]
! [[Saintéloc Racing]]
! [[Audi R8|Audi R8 LMS Evo]]
! Pro
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[Circuit de Nevers Magny-Cours|MAG 1]] {{small|26}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Circuit de Nevers Magny-Cours|MAG 2]] {{small|6}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Circuit Zandvoort|ZAN 1]] {{small|9}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[Circuit Zandvoort|ZAN 2]] {{small|15}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Misano World Circuit Marco Simoncelli|MIS 1]] {{small|4}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Misano World Circuit Marco Simoncelli|MIS 2]] {{small|10}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Brands Hatch|BRH 1]] {{small|5}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[Brands Hatch|BRH 2]] {{small|11}}
| [[Circuit Ricardo Tormo|VAL 1]]
| [[Circuit Ricardo Tormo|VAL 2]]
|
|
|
|
! 16th
! 19.5
|-
| [[2022 GT World Challenge Europe Sprint Cup|2022]]
! [[Valentino Rossi|Monster VR46]] with [[W Racing Team|Team WRT]]
! [[Audi R8 (Type 4S)|Audi R8 LMS Evo II]]
! Pro
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[Brands Hatch|BRH 1]] {{small|13}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Brands Hatch|BRH 2]] {{small|8}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[Circuit de Nevers Magny-Cours|MAG 1]] {{small|15}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[Circuit de Nevers Magny-Cours|MAG 2]] {{small|11}}
|style="background:#;"| [[Circuit Zandvoort|ZAN 1]] {{small|}}
|style="background:#;"| [[Circuit Zandvoort|ZAN 2]] {{small|}}
|style="background:#;"| [[Misano World Circuit Marco Simoncelli|MIS 1]] {{small|}}
|style="background:#;"| [[Misano World Circuit Marco Simoncelli|MIS 2]] {{small|}}
|style="background:#;"| [[Circuit Ricardo Tormo|VAL 1]] {{small|}}
|style="background:#;"| [[Circuit Ricardo Tormo|VAL 2]] {{small|}}
|
|
|
|
! 15th*
! 2*
|}
* Season still in progress.

===Complete TCR International Series results===
([[:Template:Motorsport driver results legend|key]]) (Races in '''bold''' indicate pole position) (Races in ''italics'' indicate fastest lap)
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:85%"
! Year
! Team
! Car
! 1
! 2
! 3
! 4
! 5
! 6
! 7
! 8
! 9
! 10
! 11
! 12
! 13
! 14
! 15
! 16
! 17
! 18
! 19
! 20
! DC
! Points
|-
| [[2017 TCR International Series|2017]]
! [[Comtoyou Racing]]
! [[Audi A3|Audi RS3 LMS TCR]]
| [[Rustavi International Motorpark|RIM 1]]
| [[Rustavi International Motorpark|RIM 2]]
| [[Bahrain International Circuit|BHR 1]]
| [[Bahrain International Circuit|BHR 2]]
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps|SPA 1]] {{small|5}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps|SPA 2]] {{small|6}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| '''''[[Autodromo Nazionale Monza|MNZ 1]]''''' {{small|5}}
|style="background:#FFDF9F;"| [[Autodromo Nazionale Monza|MNZ 2]] {{small|3}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Salzburgring|SAL 1]] {{small|10}}
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| [[Salzburgring|SAL 2]] {{small|Ret}}
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| [[Hungaroring|HUN 1]] {{small|Ret}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[Hungaroring|HUN 2]] {{small|20†}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Motorsport Arena Oschersleben|OSC 1]] {{small|10}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Motorsport Arena Oschersleben|OSC 2]] {{small|6}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[Chang International Circuit|CHA 1]] {{small|11}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[Chang International Circuit|CHA 2]] {{small|14}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Zhejiang International Circuit|ZHE 1]] {{small|6}}
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| [[Zhejiang International Circuit|ZHE 2]] {{small|Ret}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[Dubai Autodrome|DUB 1]] {{small|12}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Dubai Autodrome|DUB 2]] {{small|4}}
! 10th
! 84
|}
† Driver did not finish the race, but was classified as he completed over 90% of the race distance.

===Complete World Touring Car Cup results===
([[:Template:Motorsport driver results legend|key]]) (Races in '''bold''' indicate pole position) (Races in ''italics'' indicate fastest lap)
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:85%"
! Year
! Team
! Car
! 1
! 2
! 3
! 4
! 5
! 6
! 7
! 8
! 9
! 10
! 11
! 12
! 13
! 14
! 15
! 16
! 17
! 18
! 19
! 20
! 21
! 22
! 23
! 24
! 25
! 26
! 27
! 28
! 29
! 30
! DC
! Points
|-
| [[2018 World Touring Car Cup|2018]]
! [[Comtoyou Racing|Audi Sport Team Comtoyou]]
! [[Audi RS 3 LMS TCR]]
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| [[2018 FIA WTCR Race of Morocco|MAR 1]] {{small|Ret}}
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| [[2018 FIA WTCR Race of Morocco|MAR 2]] {{small|Ret}}
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| [[2018 FIA WTCR Race of Morocco|MAR 3]] {{small|Ret}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[2018 FIA WTCR Race of Hungary|HUN 1]] {{small|13}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[2018 FIA WTCR Race of Hungary|HUN 2]] {{small|17}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[2018 FIA WTCR Race of Hungary|HUN 3]] {{small|18}}
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| [[FIA WTCC Race of Germany|GER 1]] {{small|Ret}}
|style="background:#FFDF9F;"| [[FIA WTCC Race of Germany|GER 2]] {{small|3}}
|style="background:#DFDFDF;"| ''[[FIA WTCC Race of Germany|GER 3]]'' {{small|2}}
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| [[FIA WTCC Race of the Netherlands|NED 1]] {{small|Ret}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[FIA WTCC Race of the Netherlands|NED 2]] {{small|9}}
|style="background:#FFDF9F;"| [[FIA WTCC Race of the Netherlands|NED 3]] {{small|3}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[FIA WTCC Race of Portugal|POR 1]] {{small|10}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[FIA WTCC Race of Portugal|POR 2]] {{small|17}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[FIA WTCC Race of Portugal|POR 3]] {{small|6}}
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| [[FIA WTCC Race of Slovakia|SVK 1]] {{small|Ret}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[FIA WTCC Race of Slovakia|SVK 2]] {{small|7}}
|style="background:#FFDF9F;"| [[FIA WTCC Race of Slovakia|SVK 3]] {{small|3}}
|style="background:#FFDF9F;"| [[FIA WTCC Race of China|CHN 1]] {{small|3}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[FIA WTCC Race of China|CHN 2]] {{small|6}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[FIA WTCC Race of China|CHN 3]] {{small|4}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Wuhan Street Circuit|WUH 1]] {{small|4}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Wuhan Street Circuit|WUH 2]] {{small|6}}
|style="background:#DFDFDF;"| ''[[Wuhan Street Circuit|WUH 3]]'' {{small|2}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[FIA WTCC Race of Japan|JPN 1]] {{small|9}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[FIA WTCC Race of Japan|JPN 2]] {{small|11}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[FIA WTCC Race of Japan|JPN 3]] {{small|7}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[Guia Race of Macau|MAC 1]] {{small|12}}
|style="background:#FFFFBF;"| [[Guia Race of Macau|MAC 2]] {{small|1}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[Guia Race of Macau|MAC 3]] {{small|13}}
! 9th
! 228
|-
| [[2019 World Touring Car Cup|2019]]
! [[Comtoyou Racing|Comtoyou Team Audi Sport]]
! [[Audi RS 3 LMS TCR]]
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[FIA WTCC Race of Morocco|MAR 1]] {{small|17}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[FIA WTCC Race of Morocco|MAR 2]] {{small|9}}
|style="background:#DFDFDF;"| '''[[FIA WTCC Race of Morocco|MAR 3]]''' {{small|2}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| ''[[FIA WTCC Race of Hungary|HUN 1]]'' {{small|6}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[FIA WTCC Race of Hungary|HUN 2]] {{small|15}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[FIA WTCC Race of Hungary|HUN 3]] {{small|12}}
|style="background:#FFFFBF;"| ''[[FIA WTCC Race of Slovakia|SVK 1]]'' {{small|1}}
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| [[FIA WTCC Race of Slovakia|SVK 2]] {{small|Ret}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[FIA WTCC Race of Slovakia|SVK 3]] {{small|21}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| ''[[FIA WTCC Race of the Netherlands|NED 1]]'' {{small|9}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[FIA WTCC Race of the Netherlands|NED 2]] {{small|21}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[FIA WTCC Race of the Netherlands|NED 3]] {{small|16}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[FIA WTCC Race of Germany|GER 1]] {{small|5}}
|style="background:#DFDFDF;"| [[FIA WTCC Race of Germany|GER 2]] {{small|2}}
|style="background:#DFDFDF;"| [[FIA WTCC Race of Germany|GER 3]] {{small|2}}
|style="background:black; color:white"| [[FIA WTCC Race of Portugal|POR 1]] {{small|DSQ}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[FIA WTCC Race of Portugal|POR 2]] {{small|12}}
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| [[FIA WTCC Race of Portugal|POR 3]] {{small|Ret}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[FIA WTCC Race of China|CHN 1]] {{small|11}}
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| [[FIA WTCC Race of China|CHN 2]] {{small|Ret}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[FIA WTCC Race of China|CHN 3]] {{small|7}}
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| [[FIA WTCC Race of Japan|JPN 1]] {{small|Ret}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[FIA WTCC Race of Japan|JPN 2]] {{small|13}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[FIA WTCC Race of Japan|JPN 3]] {{small|11}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| ''[[Guia Race of Macau|MAC 1]]'' {{small|7}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Guia Race of Macau|MAC 2]] {{small|8}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[Guia Race of Macau|MAC 3]] {{small|15}}
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| [[FIA WTCR Race of Malaysia|MAL 1]] {{small|Ret}}
|style="background:#CFCFFF;"| [[FIA WTCR Race of Malaysia|MAL 2]] {{small|25}}
|style="background:#FFDF9F;"| [[FIA WTCR Race of Malaysia|MAL 3]] {{small|3}}
! 12th
! 194
|-
| [[2021 World Touring Car Cup|2021]]
! [[Comtoyou Racing|Comtoyou Team Audi Sport]]
! [[Audi RS 3 LMS TCR]]
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[FIA WTCR Race of Germany|GER 1]] {{small|15}}
|style="background:#EFCFFF;"| [[FIA WTCR Race of Germany|GER 2]] {{small|Ret}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[FIA WTCR Race of Portugal|POR 1]] {{small|13}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[FIA WTCR Race of Portugal|POR 2]] {{small|11}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[FIA WTCR Race of Spain|ESP 1]] {{small|8}}
|style="background:#FFFFBF;"| '''''[[FIA WTCR Race of Spain|ESP 2]]''''' {{small|1}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| ''[[FIA WTCR Race of Hungary|HUN 1]]'' {{small|4}}
|style="background:#DFDFDF;"| ''[[FIA WTCR Race of Hungary|HUN 2]]'' {{small|2}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[FIA WTCR Race of the Czech Republic|CZE 1]] {{small|13}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[FIA WTCR Race of the Czech Republic|CZE 2]] {{small|8}}
|style="background:#FFFFBF;"| '''''[[FIA WTCR Race of France|FRA 1]]''''' {{small|1}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[FIA WTCR Race of France|FRA 2]] {{small|4}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[FIA WTCR Race of Italy|ITA 1]] {{small|6}}
|style="background:#DFDFDF;"| ''[[FIA WTCR Race of Italy|ITA 2]]'' {{small|2}}
|style="background:#DFFFDF;"| [[FIA WTCR Race of Russia|RUS 1]] {{small|6}}
|style="background:#DFDFDF;"| [[FIA WTCR Race of Russia|RUS 2]] {{small|2}}
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
!style="background:#DFDFDF;"| 2nd
!style="background:#DFDFDF;"| 195
|}

===Complete WeatherTech SportsCar Championship results===
([[:Template:Motorsport driver results legend|key]]) (Races in '''bold''' indicate pole position; results in ''italics'' indicate fastest lap)
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%"
! Year
! Entrant
! Class
! Make
! Engine
! 1
! 2
! 3
! 4
! 5
! 6
! 7
! 8
! 9
! 10
! 11
! Rank
! Points
|-
| [[2019 WeatherTech SportsCar Championship|2019]]
! [[W Racing Team|WRT Speedstar Audi Sport]]
! GTD
! [[Audi R8|Audi R8 LMS Evo]]
! [[Audi]] 5.2 L V10
|style="background:#FFDF9F;"| [[2019 24 Hours of Daytona|DAY]] {{small|3}}
| [[12 Hours of Sebring|SEB]]
| [[Sports Car Challenge of Mid-Ohio|MDO]]
| [[Belle Isle Park (Michigan)#Auto racing|DET]]
| [[Watkins Glen International|WGL]]
| [[Canadian Tire Motorsport Park|MOS]]
| [[Lime Rock Park|LIM]]
| [[Road America|ELK]]
| [[Virginia International Raceway|VIR]]
| [[Mazda Raceway Laguna Seca|LGA]]
| [[Petit Le Mans|PET]]
! 47th
! 30
|}


==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Official website|http://www.frederic-vervisch.com/}}
* {{DriverDB driver|frederic-vervisch}}

{{S-start}}
{{S-sports}}
{{Succession box|title=[[List of German Formula Three champions|German Formula Three Champion]]|before=[[Carlo van Dam]]|after=[[Laurens Vanthoor]]|years=[[2008 German Formula Three Championship|2008]]}}
{{Succession box|title=[[Asian Formula Three Championship|Asian Formula Three]] Champion|before=[[Dillon Battistini]]|after=None|years=2007–2008}}
{{S-end}}

{{German F3 champions}}
{{24 Hours of Nürburgring winners}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Vervisch, Frederic}}
[[Category:1986 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Belgian racing drivers]]
[[Category:Formula Renault 2.0 NEC drivers]]
[[Category:Formula Renault Eurocup drivers]]
[[Category:Asian Formula Three Championship drivers]]
[[Category:German Formula Three Championship drivers]]
[[Category:Formula 3 Euro Series drivers]]
[[Category:Atlantic Championship drivers]]
[[Category:Italian Formula Three Championship drivers]]
[[Category:World Series Formula V8 3.5 drivers]]
[[Category:Blancpain Endurance Series drivers]]
[[Category:24 Hours of Spa drivers]]
[[Category:Stock Car Brasil drivers]]
[[Category:Sportspeople from Kortrijk]]
[[Category:Superleague Formula drivers]]
[[Category:24 Hours of Daytona drivers]]
[[Category:Formula 4 drivers]]
[[Category:24H Series drivers]]

Don Muhlbach

2021-08-19T20:05:38Z

Willy3198: /* Personal life */

{{short description|American football player}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{Infobox NFL biography
|name=Don Muhlbach
|image=Don Muhlbach.JPG
|image_size=180
|alt=
|caption=Muhlbach with the Detroit Lions in 2011
|current_team = Free agent
|number=
|position=[[Long snapper]]
|birth_date={{Birth date and age|1981|8|17|mf=y}}
|birth_place=[[Newark, Ohio]]
|death_date=
|death_place=
|height_ft = 6
|height_in = 4
|weight_lbs = 258
|high_school = [[Lufkin High School|Lufkin]] ([[Lufkin, Texas]])
|college=[[Texas A&M Aggies football|Texas A&M]]
|undraftedyear=2004
|pastteams=
* [[Baltimore Ravens]] ({{NFL Year|2004}})*
* [[Detroit Lions]] ({{NFL Year|2004}}–{{NFL Year|2020}})
|status=
|highlights=
* 2× [[Pro Bowl]] ([[2013 Pro Bowl|2012]], [[2019 Pro Bowl|2018]])
|statseason = 2020
|statweek =
|statlabel1 = Games played
|statvalue1 = 260
|statlabel2 = Total tackles
|statvalue2 = 26
|statlabel3 = Forced fumbles
|statvalue3 = 1
|nflnew = Don-Muhlbach
|pfr = M/MuhlDo20
}}

'''Donald Lynn Muhlbach Jr.''' (born August 17, 1981) is an [[American football]] [[long snapper]] who is a free agent.<ref name="Lions">{{Cite news |last=VanOchten |first=Brian |date=December 7, 2008 |title=Lions long snapper Muhlbach likes anonymity |work=Grand Rapids Press |url=http://www.mlive.com/lions/index.ssf/2008/12/lions_long_snapper_muhlbach_li.html |access-date=July 6, 2012}}</ref> He is the oldest active player in the NFL other than [[Tom Brady]]. Muhlbach played [[college football]] for [[Texas A&M University]]. He was signed as an [[undrafted free agent]] in 2004 by the [[Baltimore Ravens]] before joining the Lions that same year. He is second in Lions franchise history in games played, only behind former teammate [[Jason Hanson]].

==High school career==
Muhlbach attended [[Lufkin High School]] in [[Lufkin, Texas]]. As a senior football player, he was the Lufkin special team's most valuable player, and earned Academic All-District honors.<ref name="TAMU">{{Cite web |title=#69 Muhlbach, Don |url=http://aggieathletics.com/bios.php?SID=MFB&PID=50&YOS=2003 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041111184149/http://aggieathletics.com/bios.php?SID=MFB&PID=50&YOS=2003 |archive-date=November 11, 2004 |access-date=January 6, 2019 |website=AggieAthletics.com |publisher=Texas A&M University}}</ref>

==College career==
Muhlbach attended [[Texas A&M University]], where he served as the team's long snapper for the 2003 season. He also saw action at punter as a sophomore during the 2001 season.<ref name=TAMU />

==Professional career==
Muhlbach signed as an [[undrafted free agent]] with the [[Baltimore Ravens]] on April 30, 2004. He spent the summer and OTAs with the Ravens before being released during [[training camp]] on August 30, 2004. On November 10, 2004, the [[Detroit Lions]] signed him as a replacement for injured long snapper [[Jody Littleton]].<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20141204184800/http://www.kffl.com/player/10351/nfl/news</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Don Muhlbach (LS): Bio, News, Stats & more |url=https://www.detroitlions.com/team/players-roster/don-muhlbach/ |website=www.detroitlions.com}}</ref> Prior to joining the Lions, he had tried out for the team and the [[Buffalo Bills]] and was working at a [[First Bank and Trust]] in [[Lufkin, Texas]]. Upon his signing, Muhlbach was described as "the [[Nolan Ryan]] of long snappers" by then-general manager [[Matt Millen]]; Millen was referring to the speed at which the ball is snapped to the holder or punter, with Muhlbach having the quickest snaps of those the team timed.<ref>{{Cite news |date=November 12, 2004 |title=Long-snapper brings the heat |work=[[Detroit Free Press]] |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/83655171/ |access-date=August 17, 2021 |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>

Early in his Lions career, Muhlbach overcame the adversity brought on by a botched snap against the [[Minnesota Vikings]] in a December 20, 2004 game. [[Holder (American football)|Holder]] [[Nick Harris (punter)|Nick Harris]] was unable to cleanly field a bounced snap on a [[Point after touchdown|PAT]] attempt with 8 seconds remaining in the game. The missed PAT and unsuccessful [[onside kick]] resulted in the Lions falling in regulation to the Vikings 28-27. Had the PAT been successful, the game likely would have gone to overtime, giving the Lions an opportunity for a win.<ref>https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A12634-2004Dec19.html</ref> The Lions' faith in Muhlbach since paid off as he did not botch another snap through 2012.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Zaroo |first=Philip |date=October 23, 2011 |title=Detroit Lions Q&A: Don Muhlbach grateful for career as Lions long snapper |url=https://www.mlive.com/lions/2011/10/detroit_lions_qa_don_muhlbach.html |website=mlive}}</ref>

Muhlbach played in every Lions game since 2005 outside of a single game in 2009 due to a [[concussion]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=December 24, 2009 |title=Hodel Released; Snapper Chart Updated |url=https://longsnap.com/2009/12/24/hodel-released-snapper-chart-updated/}}</ref> Following the 2012 season, Muhlbach was named to the [[2013 Pro Bowl]], the first of his career.<ref>{{Cite web |date=January 16, 2013 |title=Detroit Lions long snapper Don Muhlbach selected to participate in NFL Pro Bowl |url=https://www.mlive.com/lions/2013/01/detroit_lions_long_snapper_don_1.html |website=MLive}}</ref> He was also the first Lions long snapper to make a Pro Bowl.<ref>http://www.freep.com/article/20130115/SPORTS01/130115085/Detroit-Lions-Don-Muhlbach-Pro-Bowl</ref> Since 2015, Muhlbach signed consecutive one-year contracts to stay with the Lions.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Twentyman |first=Tim |date=February 27, 2015 |title=Lions sign Don Muhlbach to one-year deal |url=http://www.detroitlions.com/news/lions-insider/article-1/Lions-sign-Don-Muhlbach-to-one-year-deal/414e33cd-84e4-4346-ba92-fef2850a1570 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150228020103/http://www.detroitlions.com/news/lions-insider/article-1/Lions-sign-Don-Muhlbach-to-one-year-deal/414e33cd-84e4-4346-ba92-fef2850a1570 |archive-date=February 28, 2015 |access-date=February 27, 2015 |website=[[Detroit Lions]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Reisman, Jeremy |date=March 3, 2017 |title=Report: Detroit Lions re-sign long snapper Don Muhlbach |url=http://www.prideofdetroit.com/2017/3/3/14800248/detroit-lions-re-sign-long-snapper-don-muhlbach |website=PrideOfDetroit.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=March 10, 2018 |title=Lions re-sign LS Don Muhlbach |url=http://www.detroitlions.com/news/news-short/article-1/Lions-re-sign-LS-Don-Muhlbach/59ad5a67-e673-4ff4-99fa-441363282b07 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180314104844/http://www.detroitlions.com/news/news-short/article-1/Lions-re-sign-LS-Don-Muhlbach/59ad5a67-e673-4ff4-99fa-441363282b07 |archive-date=March 14, 2018 |access-date=March 10, 2018 |website=DetroitLions.com}}</ref>

Muhlbach was released by the Lions on August 17, 2021, his 40th birthday, after 17 seasons with the team.<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 17, 2021 |title=Detroit Lions release long snapper Don Muhlbach after 17 seasons |url=https://www.espn.com/nfl/story/_/id/32040975/detroit-lions-release-long-snapper-don-muhlbach-17-seasons |access-date=August 17, 2021 |website=ESPN.com}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Muhlbach is married to Alix Koetting. On August 24, 2012, she gave birth to their first daughter, Addison. His uncle, John Muhlbach, was a center for [[Ohio State Buckeyes football|Ohio State]].<ref name=Lions/>

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

{{Portal bar|American football|Biography|College football}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Muhlbach, Don}}
[[Category:1981 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:American football long snappers]]
[[Category:Detroit Lions players]]
[[Category:Sportspeople from Newark, Ohio]]
[[Category:Players of American football from Ohio]]
[[Category:Texas A&M Aggies football players]]
[[Category:Players of American football from Texas]]
[[Category:People from Lufkin, Texas]]

T. Y. Hilton

2021-05-10T10:39:52Z

Willy3198: /* 2021 season */

{{short description|American football wide receiver}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2020}}
{{Infobox NFL biography
| name = T. Y. Hilton
| image = T. Y. Hilton.JPG
| caption = Hilton with the [[Indianapolis Colts]] in 2016
| image_size = 225px
| current_team = Indianapolis Colts
| number = 13
| position = [[Wide receiver]]
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1989|11|14}}
| birth_place = [[Miami, Florida]]
| height_ft = 5
| height_in = 10
| weight_lbs = 183
| high_school = [[Miami Springs High School|Miami Springs]] ([[Miami Springs, Florida]])
| college = [[FIU_Panthers_football|FIU]]
| draftyear = 2012
| draftround = 3
| draftpick = 92
| pastteams =
* [[Indianapolis Colts]] ({{NFL Year|2012}}–present)
| status = Active
| highlights =
* 4× [[Pro Bowl]] ([[2015 Pro Bowl|2014]]–[[2018 Pro Bowl|2017]])
* [[PFWA All-Rookie Team]] ([[PFWA All-Rookie Team#2012|2012]])
* [[List of National Football League season receiving yards leaders|NFL receiving yards leader]] ([[2016 NFL season|2016]])
* [[Sun Belt Conference|Sun Belt]] Player of the Year (2010)
* 2× First-team All–Sun Belt (2008, 2010)
* Sun Belt Freshman of the Year (2008)
| statweek =
| statseason = 2020
| statlabel1 = [[Reception (American football)|Receptions]]
| statvalue1 = 608
| statlabel2 = [[Receiving yards]]
| statvalue2 = 9,360
| statlabel3 = [[Average|Receiving average]]
| statvalue3 = 15.4
| statlabel4 = [[Touchdown|Receiving touchdowns]]
| statvalue4 = 50
| nfl=t-y-hilton
}}

'''Eugene Marquis''' "'''T. Y.'''" '''Hilton'''<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://m.espn.go.com/nfl/playerinfo?playerId=14924 |title=T. Y. Hilton Stats, News, Bio - ESPN |website=ESPN.com |access-date=April 4, 2020}}</ref> (born November 14, 1989) is an [[American football]] [[wide receiver]] for the [[Indianapolis Colts]] of the [[National Football League]] (NFL). He played [[college football]] at [[FIU Panthers football|FIU]], and was drafted by the Colts in the third round of the [[2012 NFL Draft]].

After having 861 receiving yards his rookie season, Hilton took over the number one receiver role on the team from veteran [[Reggie Wayne]]. Thanks to chemistry with his fellow 2012 draftee [[Andrew Luck]], Hilton caught over 1,000 yards in four straight seasons, including leading the league in the category in 2016. Hilton has made four [[Pro Bowl]]s over his career.

==Early years==
Hilton was born to Tyrone and Cora Hilton.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.miamiherald.com/news/local/community/miami-dade/west-miami-dade/article17749541.html |title=Former Miami Springs Golden Hawk T.Y. Hilton sees NFL career move to the fast lane |last=Daley |first=Bill |date=April 7, 2015 |website=[[Miami Herald]] |access-date=August 9, 2017}}</ref> He attended [[Miami Springs High School]] and was a two-sport star in ([[basketball]] and [[Gridiron football|football]]) for the Golden Hawks.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://news.fiu.edu/2012/05/congratulations-t-y-hilton-on-being-drafted-to-the-indianapolis-colts/40786 |title=Congratulations, T.Y. Hilton, on being drafted by the Indianapolis Colts! |last=Aguila |first=Sissi |date=May 2, 2012 |website=news.fiu.edu |access-date=October 18, 2014}}</ref> He was selected by the ''[[Miami Herald]]'' as a First Team All-Dade selection in football in his senior year, while also selected as a First Team All-Dade in basketball both his junior and senior years.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.betbigdc.com/t-y-hilton-florida-international/ |title=T.Y. Hilton (Florida International) |website=betbigdc.com |access-date=October 18, 2014}}</ref> He averaged 18.7 yards per catch as a senior, with 785 receiving yards accumulated in the season to go with 16 touchdowns. In addition, he played on special teams and was successful as a [[kick returner]], returning four kicks for touchdowns in 10 games.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.cbssports.com/nfl/draft/players/historical/1638761 |title=TY Hilton, Florida International, NFL Draft |website=cbssports.com |access-date=October 18, 2014}}</ref>

==College career==
Hilton committed to [[Florida International University]] (FIU) on February 6, 2008.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://247sports.com/Player/TY-Hilton-55246?PlayerInstitution=94920 |title=T. Y. Hilton Recruiting Profile |publisher=247Sports |access-date=August 9, 2017}}</ref> He was scouted by the [[University of Mississippi]], [[West Virginia University]], the [[University of Florida]] and FIU. He made the choice to go to FIU over West Virginia the night before [[National Signing Day]], when his son chose FIU eight times in a row when he put both an FIU and West Virginia hat in front of him.<ref name="Son">{{Cite web |url=http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/2008-10-10/sports/0810090411_1_golden-panthers-fiu-hilton-s-son |title=Golden Panthers can thank Hilton's son |last=Clark |first=Kevin |date=October 10, 2008 |website=sun-sentinel.com |access-date=October 18, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.herald-dispatch.com/sports/x561484523/Chuck-Landon-T-Y-Hiltons-fate-decided-by-bouncing-baby-boy |title=Chuck Landon: T.Y. Hilton's fate decided by bouncing baby boy |last=Landon |first=Chuck |date=December 18, 2011 |website=herald-dispatch.com |access-date=October 18, 2014}}</ref>
[[File:T.Y. Hilton - 2008 Shula Bowl.png|175px|thumb|right|Hilton at the 2008 [[Shula Bowl]].]]

===2008 season===
Hilton was a starter under head coach [[Mario Cristobal]] in every year of his enrollment at FIU. In 2008, he returned a punt for a touchdown in his collegiate debut against [[2008 Kansas Jayhawks football team|Kansas]] on his first touch of the game.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Boaz |first=Calvin W. |date=August 3, 2009 |title=T.Y. Hilton: The Best College Football Player You've Never Heard Of? |url=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/229925-is-ty-hilton-the-best-college-football-player-you-never-heard-of |access-date=April 4, 2020 |website=Bleacher Report |language=en}}</ref> Later that year, in a game against [[2008 Arkansas State Red Wolves football team|Arkansas State]], he threw a 38-yard touchdown pass to Junior Mertile late in the game after he fumbled the hand off in a [[reverse play]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.fiusports.com/ViewArticle.dbml?SPSID=49159&SPID=4780&DB_OEM_ID=11700&ATCLID=1621292 |title=Fourth-Quarter Comeback Lifts FIU Over Arkansas State - |website=FIU Athletics |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928084817/http://www.fiusports.com/ViewArticle.dbml?SPSID=49159&SPID=4780&DB_OEM_ID=11700&ATCLID=1621292 |archive-date=September 28, 2011 |access-date=April 4, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.fiusports.com//ViewArticle.dbml?DB_OEM_ID=11700&ATCLID=205057047 |title=Top-10 Football Moments: No. 5 - Panthers Close Out OB in Style - FIU Athletics |website=FIU Athletics |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928084847/http://www.fiusports.com//ViewArticle.dbml?DB_OEM_ID=11700&ATCLID=205057047 |archive-date=September 28, 2011 |access-date=April 4, 2020}}</ref> This play became known in FIU as "The Hilton Heave". He was responsible for 12 touchdowns in his freshman year, scoring them all in five different ways, the first player in the program to do so (seven touchdown receptions, two rushing touchdowns, one passing touchdown, one punt return, and one kickoff return). He also set the FIU single season record for total receiving yards (41 receptions for 1,013 yards), average yards per reception (24.7 yards per reception), and all-purpose yardage (2,162). He finished his freshman season ranked third in the nation in all-purpose yardage per game, with an average of 180.25 yards per contest and was consequently named [[Sun Belt Conference|Sun Belt]] Freshman Player of the Year.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.fiusports.com/ViewArticle.dbml?SPSID=49159&SPID=4780&DB_OEM_ID=11700&ATCLID=3630926 |title=T.Y. Hilton Named SBC Freshman of the Year |website=FIU Athletics |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928084832/http://www.fiusports.com/ViewArticle.dbml?SPSID=49159&SPID=4780&DB_OEM_ID=11700&ATCLID=3630926 |archive-date=September 28, 2011 |access-date=April 4, 2020}}</ref>

===2009 season===
Foreshadowing the start of FIU's 2009 campaign against [[2009 Alabama Crimson Tide football team|Alabama]], Crimson Tide head coach [[Nick Saban]] referred to Hilton as "a better offensive player than anybody [from [[2009 Virginia Tech Hokies football team|Virginia Tech]]] that we played against last week".<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://miamiherald.typepad.com/fiusports/2009/09/nick-saban-on-your-fiu-panthers.html |title=Nick Saban On Your FIU Panthers |last=Pelegrin |first=Pete |date=September 7, 2009 |website=Miami Herald |access-date=April 4, 2020}}</ref> In 2009, Hilton's first touch of the season was a 96-yard kickoff return against Alabama.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://newsarchives.fiu.edu/2009/09/t-y-hilton-earns-kickoff-returner-performer-of-the-week-fiu-falls-to-alabama/6308 |title=T.Y. Hilton earns Kickoff Returner Performer of the Week, FIU falls to Alabama |date=September 15, 2009 |website=FIU News |language=en |access-date=April 4, 2020}}</ref> He paced the team with 57 catches for 632 yards and five touchdowns, as well as returning 22 kickoffs for 633 yards, despite struggling with an injured knee picked up in the fifth game of the season against the [[2009 Western Kentucky Hilltoppers football team|Western Kentucky Hilltoppers]]. He finished his sophomore season with 1,301 all-purpose yards.

===2010 season===
In 2010, Hilton got off to a slow start, scoring no touchdowns in the first four games of the season, before returning home to play [[2010 Western Kentucky Hilltoppers football team|Western Kentucky]] and scoring his first touchdown of the season, a rushing touchdown. After a mid-season loss to the [[2010 Florida Atlantic Owls football team|FAU Owls]], Hilton came back strong the next game against the [[2010 Louisiana–Monroe Warhawks football team|Louisiana-Monroe Warhawks]], scoring four separate touchdowns, the first coming on a 95-yard kick return while the others were two passes from quarterback [[Wesley Carroll (quarterback)|Wesley Carroll]] and the last a rushing touchdown. Later in the season against [[2010 Troy Trojans football|Troy]], Hilton put up 158 yards rushing in six carries with two rushing touchdowns on his way to helping set a school record of 448 total rushing yards in a game.

In FIU's first bowl game appearance in the [[2010 Little Caesars Pizza Bowl]], Hilton returned a kickoff for a touchdown in the second half of the game against the [[2010 Toledo Rockets football team|Toledo Rockets]]. He was also instrumental in a late [[hook and lateral]] play on a 4th-and-17 situation, helping his team get the first down and keeping them alive to eventually set up the winning field goal. He was named the Little Caesars Pizza Bowl MVP for his efforts in helping his team beat Toledo by a score of 34–32. At the end of his junior season, Hilton was honored as Sun Belt Player of the Year,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.espn.com/blog/ncfnation/post/_/id/35112/t-y-hilton-headlines-all-sun-belt-awards |title=T.Y. Hilton headlines All-Sun Belt awards |last=Adelson |first=Andrea |date=December 8, 2010 |website=ESPN.com |language=en |access-date=April 4, 2020}}</ref> as well as being named to the All-Sun Belt Conference First Team at the [[wide receiver]] and [[return specialist]] positions. He finished his junior season with 2,089 all-purpose yards, 848 of them on receptions over 59 catches and 282 rushing yards over 30 carries, a personal best.

===2011 season===
In 2011, Hilton got off to a hot start in his senior season, putting up a school record 283 all-purpose yards in FIU's rout of the [[2011 North Texas Mean Green football team|North Texas Mean Green]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://dfw.cbslocal.com/2011/09/01/hilton-leads-fiu-over-north-texas-41-16/ |title=Hilton Leads FIU Over North Texas 41-16 |date=September 1, 2011 |website=CBS - DFW |language=en-US |access-date=April 4, 2020}}</ref> A week later, Hilton was instrumental in FIU's 24–17 upset of the [[2011 Louisville Cardinals football team|Louisville Cardinals]], with 74 and 83 yard catches for touchdowns. He finished that game with seven receptions for 201 yards, breaking his school and personal single game receiving records.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.espn.com/college-football/recap?gameId=312520097 |title=T.Y. Hilton's 201 receiving yards help FIU upset Louisville |date=September 9, 2011 |website=ESPN.com |language=en |access-date=April 4, 2020 |agency=Associated Press}}</ref>

===School records===
Hilton set several [[FIU Panthers football statistical leaders|school records]] at FIU:
* Career receptions ('''229''')
* Career receiving yards ('''3,531''')
* Career receiving touchdowns ('''24''')
* Single-season receptions ('''72''' in [[2011 FIU Panthers football team|2011]])
* Single-season receiving yards ('''1,038''' in [[2011 FIU Panthers football team|2011]])
* Single-game receptions ('''12''' against Akron in [[2011 FIU Panthers football team|2011]])
* Single-game receiving yards ('''201''' against Louisville in [[2011 FIU Panthers football team|2011]])

==Professional career==
{{NFL predraft
| height ft = 5
| height in = 9½
| weight = 183
| dash = 4.34
| ten split = 1.53
| twenty split = 2.51
| shuttle = 4.36
| cone drill = 7.03
| vertical = 35½
| broad ft = 9
| broad in = 11
| bench = 7
| wonderlic =
| arm span = 32
| hand span = 8½
| note = All values from [[NFL Combine]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nfl.com/draft/2011/profiles/t.y.-hilton?id=2532865 |title=T. Y. Hilton Draft Profile |website=NFL.com |access-date=July 14, 2015}}</ref>
}}

===2012 season===
On April 27, 2012, Hilton was selected in the third round with the 92nd overall pick of the [[2012 NFL Draft]] by the [[Indianapolis Colts]]. He was the 13th wide receiver taken in the draft.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/years/2012/draft.htm |title=2012 NFL Draft Listing |website=Pro-Football-Reference.com |language=en |access-date=March 2, 2019}}</ref> In late May 2012, Hilton signed a contract with Indianapolis worth $2.6 million over four years. Hilton was utilized during his rookie season as a punt/kick returner and as a slot receiver for fellow rookie, quarterback [[Andrew Luck]]. During a Week 12 game against the [[2012 Buffalo Bills season|Buffalo Bills]], Hilton returned a punt for 75 yards and later caught an eight-yard touchdown pass. The two scores proved to be the difference in a 20–13 victory.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/201211250clt.htm |title=Buffalo Bills at Indianapolis Colts - November 25th, 2012 |website=Pro-Football-Reference.com |language=en |access-date=March 2, 2019}}</ref>

Hilton finished his rookie year with 50 catches for 861 yards and led the team in touchdown catches with seven.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/H/HiltT.00.htm |title=T.Y. Hilton 2012 Game Log |website=Pro-Football-Reference.com |language=en |access-date=March 2, 2019}}</ref>

===2013 season===
Hilton began the 2013 season as the third wide receiver on the depth chart, behind veterans [[Reggie Wayne]] and [[Darrius Heyward-Bey]].

Hilton had a career-high day for yardage against the [[2013 Seattle Seahawks season|Seattle Seahawks]] top-ranked pass defense in a Week 5 game.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/201310060clt.htm |title=Seattle Seahawks at Indianapolis Colts - October 6th, 2013 |website=Pro-Football-Reference.com |language=en |access-date=March 2, 2019}}</ref> He had five catches for 140 yards and two key touchdown receptions, including a then career-long 73-yard touchdown. Hilton's scores helped the Colts win the game over the eventual [[Super Bowl XLVIII]] champions by a score of 34–28.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://profootballtalk.nbcsports.com/2013/10/07/t-y-hilton-browners-insult-made-me-flip-the-switch/ |title=T.Y. Hilton: Browner's insult made me flip the switch |last=Alper |first=Josh |date=October 7, 2013 |website=NBCSports.com |access-date=December 29, 2013}}</ref>

Due to the season-ending ACL tear by Reggie Wayne in Week 7 and low production from Darrius Heyward-Bey, Hilton became the number one receiving target for the team. In the Week 9 game against the [[2013 Houston Texans season|Houston Texans]] that immediately followed Wayne's injury, Hilton's 121 receiving yards and three touchdowns contributed to a fourth-quarter comeback.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/201311030htx.htm |title=Indianapolis Colts at Houston Texans - November 3rd, 2013 |website=Pro-Football-Reference.com |language=en |access-date=March 2, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nationalfootballpost.com/TY-Hilton-leads-Colts-with-3-TDs.html |title=T.Y. Hilton leads Colts with 3 TDs |last=Wilson |first=Aaron |date=November 4, 2013 |website=nationalfootballpost.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131231002309/http://www.nationalfootballpost.com/TY-Hilton-leads-Colts-with-3-TDs.html |archive-date=December 31, 2013 |access-date=December 29, 2013}}</ref> In Week 17, with a pass from Andrew Luck, Hilton recorded his first career 1,000 yard season, and broke his career-high for receiving yards in a game with 155.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/201312290clt.htm |title=Jacksonville Jaguars at Indianapolis Colts - December 29th, 2013 |website=Pro-Football-Reference.com |language=en |access-date=March 2, 2019}}</ref>

In the Colts 45–44 comeback Wild Card Round victory over the [[2013 Kansas City Chiefs season|Kansas City Chiefs]], Hilton recorded 13 receptions for 224 yards (both playoff-franchise records) and two touchdowns. His 224 yards are the third-most by a receiver in a playoff game in NFL history,<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://bleacherreport.com/articles/1911306-ty-hilton-andrew-luck-light-up-stat-sheet-in-historic-comeback-win-over-chiefs |title=Ty Hilton, Andrew Luck Light Up Stat Sheet in Historic Comeback Win over Chiefs |last=Brooke |first=Tyler |date=January 4, 2014 |website=bleacherreport.com |access-date=January 4, 2014}}</ref> trailing [[Anthony Carter (American football)|Anthony Carter's]] 227-yard game for the [[1987 Minnesota Vikings season|Minnesota Vikings]] in [[1987-88 NFL playoffs|1988]] and [[Eric Moulds]]'s 240-yard game for the [[1998 Buffalo Bills season|Buffalo Bills]] in [[1998-99 NFL playoffs|1999]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/leaders/rec_yds_single_game_playoffs.htm |title=NFL Single Game Playoffs Receiving Yards Leaders |website=pro-football-reference.com |access-date=January 8, 2017}}</ref>

===2014 season===
In a Week 6 matchup against the [[2014 Houston Texans season|Houston Texans]], Hilton established a new career-high in receiving yards, recording nine receptions for 223 yards and a touchdown.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/201410090htx.htm |title=Indianapolis Colts at Houston Texans - October 9th, 2014 |website=Pro-Football-Reference.com |language=en |access-date=March 2, 2019}}</ref> He also finished just 1 yard short of [[Raymond Berry]]'s franchise-record, set in 1957.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://profootballtalk.nbcsports.com/2014/10/10/t-y-hilton-racks-up-big-numbers-against-the-texans-again/ |title=T.Y. Hilton racks up big numbers against the Texans again |last=Gantt |first=Darin |date=October 10, 2014 |website=profootballtalk.nbcsports.com |access-date=October 10, 2014}}</ref> In Week 12, Hilton surpassed 1,000 receiving yards for the second consecutive season.<ref name="Daughter">{{Cite web |url=http://espn.go.com/nfl/story/_/id/11925701/ty-hilton-indianapolis-colts-scores-td-honor-newborn-daughter-cradles-ball-end-zone |title=T.Y. Hilton cradles ball after TD |last=Wells |first=Mike |date=November 23, 2014 |website=espn.go.com |access-date=November 23, 2014}}</ref> Hilton broke his personal receiving yards record in Week 14 against the [[2014 Cleveland Browns season|Cleveland Browns]]. He caught 10 passes for 150 yards and two touchdowns, bringing his season total yardage to 1,295.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/201412070cle.htm |title=Indianapolis Colts at Cleveland Browns - December 7th, 2014 |website=Pro-Football-Reference.com |language=en |access-date=March 2, 2019}}</ref> Hilton also tied his personal best in touchdown receptions with seven on the season. He was named to his first-career [[Pro Bowl]] on December 23.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nfl.com/probowl/story/0ap3000000448746/article/2015-pro-bowl-complete-roster |title=2015 Pro Bowl: Complete roster |date=December 23, 2014 |website=NFL.com |access-date=December 23, 2014}}</ref> Hilton would miss Week 16 with a hamstring injury, and did not record a catch in Week 17, finishing the season with a career-high 1,345 yards on 82 receptions.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/H/HiltT.00.htm |title=T.Y. Hilton 2014 Game Log |website=Pro-Football-Reference.com |language=en |access-date=March 2, 2019}}</ref>

===2015 season===
On August 13, 2015, Hilton signed a five-year, $65 million extension with the Colts, with $39 million guaranteed.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://espn.go.com/nfl/story/_/id/13428552/indianapolis-colts-ty-hilton-agree-contract-extension |title=T.Y. Hilton, Colts agree to five-year, $65 million extension |last=Wells |first=Mike |date=August 13, 2015 |website=espn.go.com |access-date=August 13, 2015}}</ref> He played in all 16 games in the 2015 season, recording 69 receptions for 1,124 yards and five touchdowns.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/H/HiltT.00.htm |title=T.Y. Hilton 2015 Game Log |website=Pro-Football-Reference.com |language=en |access-date=March 2, 2019}}</ref> On January 25, 2016, Hilton was named to his second-consecutive [[2016 Pro Bowl|Pro Bowl]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.wthr.com/story/31053906/colts-wr-ty-hilton-named-to-pro-bowl |title=Colts WR T.Y. Hilton named to Pro Bowl |date=January 25, 2016 |website=wthr.com |access-date=January 25, 2016}}</ref>

===2016 season===
In the Colts' Week 3 game against the [[2016 San Diego Chargers season|San Diego Chargers]], Hilton had eight receptions for 174 yards, including a game winning 63-yard touchdown reception.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/201609250clt.htm |title=San Diego Chargers at Indianapolis Colts - September 25th, 2016 |website=Pro-Football-Reference.com |language=en |access-date=March 2, 2019}}</ref> In Week 5 against the [[2016 Chicago Bears season|Chicago Bears]], Hilton had 10 receptions for 171 yards and a touchdown to help the Colts win 29–23.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/201610090clt.htm |title=Chicago Bears at Indianapolis Colts - October 9th, 2016 |website=Pro-Football-Reference.com |language=en |access-date=March 2, 2019}}</ref> On December 20, he was named to his third consecutive Pro Bowl.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.indystar.com/story/sports/nfl/colts/2016/12/20/ty-hilton-pat-mcafee-colts-named-pro-bowl/95658362/ |title=T.Y. Hilton, Pat McAfee of the Colts named to Pro Bowl |last=Horner |first=Scott |date=December 20, 2016 |website=indystar.com |access-date=December 21, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nfl.com/news/story/0ap3000000760503/article/nfl-announces-2017-pro-bowl-rosters |title=NFL announces 2017 Pro Bowl rosters |date=December 20, 2016 |website=NFL.com}}</ref> Hilton finished the 2016 season with six touchdowns.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/H/HiltT.00.htm |title=T.Y. Hilton 2016 Game Log |website=Pro-Football-Reference.com |language=en |access-date=March 2, 2019}}</ref> He led the NFL in receiving yards for the 2016 season with 1,448.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/years/2016/receiving.htm |title=2016 NFL Receiving |website=Pro-Football-Reference.com |language=en |access-date=March 2, 2019}}</ref> He joined [[Reggie Wayne]], [[Marvin Harrison]], [[Roger Carr]], and [[Raymond Berry]] as the only Colts in team history to lead the NFL in receiving yards.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.colts.com/news/article-1/TY-Hilton-Wins-NFL-Receiving-Title/489603fc-6001-42f9-a310-603639206585 |title=T.Y. Hilton Wins NFL Receiving Title |last=Bowen |first=Kevin |date=January 1, 2017 |website=colts.com |access-date=January 1, 2017}}</ref> He was ranked 61st by his fellow players on the [[NFL Top 100 Players of 2017]].<ref>[http://www.nfl.com/videos/nfl-top100-2017/0ap3000000809105/Top-100-Players-of-2017-No-61-T-Y-Hilton NFL Top 100 Players of 2017 - No. 61 T.Y. Hilton]</ref>

===2017 season===
In Week 3 against the [[2017 Cleveland Browns season|Cleveland Browns]], Hilton caught seven passes for 153 yards and a 61-yard touchdown to help the Colts win 31–28.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/201709240clt.htm |title=Cleveland Browns at Indianapolis Colts - September 24th, 2017 |website=Pro-Football-Reference.com |language=en |access-date=March 2, 2019}}</ref> In Week 5 against the [[2017 San Francisco 49ers season|San Francisco 49ers]], Hilton caught seven passes for 177 yards to help the Colts win 26–23 in overtime.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/201710080clt.htm |title=San Francisco 49ers at Indianapolis Colts - October 8th, 2017 |website=Pro-Football-Reference.com |language=en |access-date=March 2, 2019}}</ref> During Week 9 against the [[2017 Houston Texans season|Houston Texans]], Hilton posted an NFL-leading 175 receiving yards and two touchdowns as the Colts won 20–14, earning him AFC Offensive Player of the Week.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/201711050htx.htm |title=Indianapolis Colts at Houston Texans - November 5th, 2017 |website=Pro-Football-Reference.com |language=en |access-date=March 2, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nfl.com/news/story/0ap3000000874024/article/ty-hilton-leads-nfls-top-players-of-week-9 |title=T. Y. Hilton, Jared Goff among NFL Players of the Week |last=Shook, Nick |date=November 8, 2017 |website=NFL.com}}</ref><ref>[https://www.pro-football-reference.com/years/2017/week_9.htm 2017 NFL Week 9, scores and leaders]</ref> He finished the season with 57 receptions for 966 yards and four touchdowns. He was named to his fourth straight Pro Bowl on January 10, 2018, as an injury replacement.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.colts.com/news/article-1/TY-Hilton-Selected-To-Fourth-Straight-Pro-Bowl/e1898aaa-5205-4adf-b1fd-a0ef2016117a |title=T. Y. Hilton Selected To Fourth Straight Pro Bowl |last=Walker, Andrew |date=January 10, 2018 |website=Colts.com}}</ref>

===2018 season===
[[File:Josh Norman, T.Y. Hilton (44727187761).jpg|thumb|Hilton and [[Josh Norman]] in a game against the [[Washington Redskins]] in 2018]]
In Week 4 against the [[2018 Houston Texans season|Houston Texans]], Hilton caught four passes for 115 yards in a 37–34 overtime loss.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/201809300clt.htm |title=Houston Texans at Indianapolis Colts - September 30th, 2018 |website=Pro-Football-Reference.com |language=en |access-date=March 2, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://sports.yahoo.com/colts-wr-t-y-hilton-221302545.html |title=Colts WR T.Y. Hilton (Hamstring) Could Miss Thursday Night Game vs. Patriots |last=Jones |first=Kaelen |date=September 30, 2018 |website=Yahoo! Sports |access-date=October 10, 2018}}</ref> On November 18, against the [[2018 Tennessee Titans season|Tennessee Titans]], he had nine receptions for 155 yards and two touchdowns.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/201811180clt.htm |title=Tennessee Titans at Indianapolis Colts - November 18th, 2018 |website=Pro-Football-Reference.com |language=en |access-date=March 2, 2019}}</ref> During a Texans rematch in Week 14, Hilton finished with 199 receiving yards as the Colts won 24-21.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/201812090htx.htm |title=Indianapolis Colts at Houston Texans - December 9th, 2018 |website=Pro-Football-Reference.com |language=en |access-date=March 2, 2019}}</ref> Overall, he finished the 2018 season with 76 receptions for 1,270 yards and six touchdowns.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/H/HiltT.00.htm |title=T.Y. Hilton 2018 Game Log |website=Pro-Football-Reference.com |language=en |access-date=March 2, 2019}}</ref> Hilton returned to the playoffs for the first time since the 2014 season as the Colts earned the #6-seed in the AFC.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/years/2018/index.htm |title=2018 NFL Standings & Team Stats |website=Pro-Football-Reference.com |language=en |access-date=March 2, 2019}}</ref> In the Wild Card Round victory over the Houston Texans, he had five receptions for 85 yards.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/201901050htx.htm |title=Wild Card - Indianapolis Colts at Houston Texans - January 5th, 2019 |website=Pro-Football-Reference.com |language=en |access-date=March 2, 2019}}</ref> In the Divisional Round loss to the [[2018 Kansas City Chiefs season|Kansas City Chiefs]], he had four receptions for 60 yards and a touchdown.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/201901120kan.htm |title=Divisional Round - Indianapolis Colts at Kansas City Chiefs - January 12th, 2019 |website=Pro-Football-Reference.com |language=en |access-date=March 2, 2019}}</ref>

===2019 season===
During the season-opener against the [[2019 Los Angeles Chargers season|Los Angeles Chargers]], Hilton caught eight passes for 87 yards and two touchdowns from [[Jacoby Brissett]] in the 24-30 overtime loss.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.espn.com/nfl/recap?gameId=401127972 |title=Ekeler scores 3 TDs in Chargers 30-24 OT win over Colts |date=September 8, 2019 |website=www.espn.com |access-date=September 8, 2019}}</ref> In Week 3 against the [[2019 Atlanta Falcons|Atlanta Falcons]], Hilton caught eight passes for 65 yards and a touchdown as the Colts won 27-24.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.espn.com/nfl/recap?gameId=401127929 |title=Brissett's fast start helps Colts hold off Falcons 27-24 |date=September 22, 2019 |website=www.espn.com |access-date=September 22, 2019 |agency=Associated Press}}</ref> Overall, Hilton finished the 2019 season with 45 receptions for 501 receiving yards and five receiving touchdowns.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/H/HiltT.00/gamelog/2019/ |title=T.Y. Hilton 2019 Game Log |website=Pro-Football-Reference.com |language=en |access-date=April 4, 2020}}</ref>

===2020 season===
Hilton was placed on the active/[[non-football injury list]] at the start of training camp on August 2, 2020.<ref>{{cite news |title=Colts Place T.Y. Hilton On Non-Football Injury List; Waive, Release Seven Players |url=https://www.colts.com/news/ty-hilton-non-football-injury-list-roster-moves |website=Colts.com |date=August 2, 2020 |access-date=August 2, 2020}}</ref> He was added back to the active roster on August 12.<ref>{{cite news |title=T.Y. Hilton Removed From NFI List; WR Malik Henry Waived |url=https://www.colts.com/news/t-y-hilton-activated-nfi-malik-henry-waived-2020-roster-moves |website=Colts.com |date=August 12, 2020 |access-date=August 13, 2020}}</ref>

In Week 12 against the [[2020 Tennessee Titans season|Tennessee Titans]], Hilton recorded four catches for 81 yards, including his first touchdown reception of the season, during the 45–26 loss.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tennessee Titans at Indianapolis Colts - November 29th, 2020 |url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/202011290clt.htm |access-date=December 2, 2020 |website=Pro-Football-Reference.com |language=en}}</ref>
In Week 13 against the [[2020 Houston Texans season|Houston Texans]], Hilton recorded eight catches for 110 yards and a touchdown during the 26–20 win. This was Hilton’s first 100-yard receiving game of the season. <ref>{{Cite web |title= Indianapolis Colts at Houston Texans - December 6th, 2020 |url= https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/202012060htx.htm |access-date=2020-12-08 |website=Pro-Football-Reference.com |language=en}}</ref> In Week 14, against the [[2020 Las Vegas Raiders season|Las Vegas Raiders]], he had five receptions for 86 receiving yards and two touchdowns in the 44–27 victory.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Indianapolis Colts at Las Vegas Raiders - December 13th, 2020 |url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/202012130rai.htm |access-date=2020-12-18 |website=Pro-Football-Reference.com |language=en}}</ref>

===2021 season===
On March 31, 2021, Hilton re-signed on a one-year, $8 million contract with the Colts.<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 24, 2021 |title=T.Y. Hilton returning to colts on one-year, $10M deal |url= https://www.nfl.com/news/free-agent-wr-t-y-hilton-expected-to-sign-one-year-deal-to-stay-with-colts |access-date=March 24, 2021|website=nfl.com|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=2021 NFL Transactions: Signings – March |url=https://www.nfl.com/transactions/league/signings/2021/3 |website=NFL.com |access-date=March 31, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author=Stankevitz, JJ |title=Colts Re-Sign WR T.Y. Hilton |url=https://www.colts.com/news/ty-hilton-re-signs-nfl-free-agency-2021-nfl-history-reggie-wayne-marvin-harrison |website=Colts.com |date=April 1, 2021 |access-date=April 1, 2021}}</ref>

==NFL career statistics==
{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
|-
! colspan="2"|Legend
|-
| style="background:#cfecec; width:3em;"|
| Led the league
|-
| '''Bold'''
| Career high
|}

=== Regular season ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
! rowspan="2"| Year
! rowspan="2"| Team
! colspan="2"| Games
! colspan="5"| Receiving
! colspan="5"| Rushing
! colspan="2"| Fumbles
|-
! GP !! GS !! Rec !! Yds !! Avg !! Lng !! TD !! Att !! Yds !! Avg !! Lng !! TD !! Fum !! Lost
|-
! [[2012 NFL season|2012]] !! [[2012 Indianapolis Colts season|IND]]
| 15 || 1 || 50 || 861 || '''17.2''' || 70 || '''7''' || '''5''' || '''29''' || 5.8 || '''19''' || 0 || 1 || 0
|-
! [[2013 NFL season|2013]] !! [[2013 Indianapolis Colts season|IND]]
| '''16''' || 10 || 82 || 1,083 || 13.2 || 73T || 5 || 2 || 6 || 3.0 || 3 || 0 || 1 || 0
|-
! [[2014 NFL season|2014]] !! [[2014 Indianapolis Colts season|IND]]
| 15 || 15 || 82 || 1,345 || 16.4 || 73T || '''7''' || 2 || 20 || '''10.0''' || 15 || 0 || '''3''' || '''1'''
|-
! [[2015 NFL season|2015]] !! [[2015 Indianapolis Colts season|IND]]
| '''16''' || 15 || 69 || 1,124 || 16.3 || '''87T''' || 5 || — || — || — || — || — || 1 || 0
|-
! [[2016 NFL season|2016]] !! [[2016 Indianapolis Colts season|IND]]
| '''16''' || '''16''' || '''91''' || style="background:#cfecec; width:3em;"| '''1,448''' || 15.9 || 63T || 6 || — || — || — || — || — || 0 || 0
|-
! [[2017 NFL season|2017]] !! [[2017 Indianapolis Colts season|IND]]
| '''16''' || '''16''' || 57 || 966 || 16.9 || 80T || 4 || — || — || — || — || — || 2 || '''1'''
|-
! [[2018 NFL season|2018]] !! [[2018 Indianapolis Colts season|IND]]
| 14 || 14 || 76 || 1,270 || 16.7 || 68T || 6 || — || — || — || — || — || 0 || 0
|-
! [[2019 NFL season|2019]] !! [[2019 Indianapolis Colts season|IND]]
| 10 || 10 || 45 || 501 || 11.1 || 35 || 5 || — || — || — || — || — || 0 || 0
|-
! [[2020 NFL season|2020]] !! [[2020 Indianapolis Colts season|IND]]
| 15 || 15 || 56 || 762 || 13.8 || 50 || 5 || — || — || — || — || — || 0 || 0
|-
! colspan="2"| Career || 133 || 112 || 608 || 9,360 || 15.4 || 87T || 50 || 9 || 55 || 6.1 || 19 || 0 || 8 || 2
|}

=== Postseason ===
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center;"
|-
! rowspan=2|Year !! rowspan=2|Team !! colspan=2|Games !! colspan=5|Receiving !! colspan=5|Rushing
! colspan=2|Fumbles
|-
! GP !! GS !! Rec !! Yds !! Avg !! Lng !! TD !! Att !! Yds !! Avg !! Lng !! TD !! Fum !! Lost
|-
! [[2012–13 NFL playoffs|2012]] !! [[2012 Indianapolis Colts season|IND]]
| 1 || 0 || 8 || 66 || 8.3 || 25 || 0 || — || — || — || — || — || 0 || 0
|-
! [[2013–14 NFL playoffs|2013]] !! [[2013 Indianapolis Colts season|IND]]
| 2 || 2 || '''17''' || '''327''' || '''19.2''' || '''64T''' || '''2''' || — || — || — || — || — || 0 || 0
|-
! [[2014–15 NFL playoffs|2014]] !! [[2014 Indianapolis Colts season|IND]]
| '''3''' || '''3''' || 11 || 211 || '''19.2''' || 36 || 0 || '''1''' || '''1''' || '''1.0''' || '''1''' || 0 || 0 || 0
|-
! [[2018–19 NFL playoffs|2018]] !! [[2018 Indianapolis Colts season|IND]]
| 2 || 2 || 9 || 145 || 16.1 || 38 || 1 || — || — || — || — || — || 0 || 0
|-
! [[2020–21 NFL playoffs|2020]] !! [[2020 Indianapolis Colts season|IND]]
| 1 || 1 || 2 || 32 || 16.0 || 23 || 0 || — || — || — || — || — || 0 || 0
|-
! colspan="2"| Career || 9 || 8 || 47 || 781 || 16.6 || 64 || 3 || 1 || 1 || 1.0 || 1 || 0 || 0 || 0
|}

==Personal life==
Hilton and his wife, Shantrell, had a baby girl on November 23, 2014.<ref name="Daughter" /> He also has a son named Eugene Jr.<ref name="Son" /> Hilton, whose given name is Eugene, explained how he became known as T. Y.: "My daddy’s name is Tyrone, so ever since I was little, everyone has just used the first two letters of that."<ref name="Time to recover">{{Cite web |url=http://www.therepublic.com/view/local_story/Time-to-recover-Speedy-rookie-_1348546232 |title=Time to recover: Speedy rookie receiver off to fast start |last=Beas |first=Mike |date=September 25, 2012 |website=Franklin (IN) Daily Journal |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141218104052/http://www.therepublic.com/view/local_story/Time-to-recover-Speedy-rookie-_1348546232 |archive-date=December 18, 2014 |access-date=November 25, 2014}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}
* {{Football stats |nfl=t-y-hilton|espn=14924 |pfr=H/HiltT.00}}
* [http://www.colts.com/team/roster/T.Y.-Hilton/1bfc81a4-87be-4e0e-bc21-25099996be55 Indianapolis Colts bio]
* [https://fiusports.com/roster.aspx?rp_id=2171 FIU Panthers bio]

{{Indianapolis Colts roster navbox}}
{{Indianapolis Colts 2012 draft navbox}}
{{NFL receiving yardage leaders}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hilton, T.Y.}}
[[Category:1989 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Miami Springs Senior High School alumni]]
[[Category:Players of American football from Miami]]
[[Category:American football wide receivers]]
[[Category:FIU Panthers football players]]
[[Category:Indianapolis Colts players]]
[[Category:Unconferenced Pro Bowl players]]
[[Category:American Conference Pro Bowl players]]

Death and funeral of Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh

2021-04-09T18:55:11Z

Willy3198: /* International */

{{Short description|Death and funeral proceedings of Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh}}
{{pp-vandalism|small=yes}}
{{Use British English|date=April 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2021}}
{{Recent death confirmed|date=April 2021}}
{{Infobox event
| title = Death of Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh
| image = File:Prince Philip in Berlin 2015 (cropped).JPG
| image_upright =
| image_alt =
| caption = The Duke of Edinburgh in 2015
| time =
| timezone =
| date = 9 April 2021
| location =[[Windsor Castle]], [[United Kingdom]]
| cause =
| burial =
| url =
| blank_label = 
| blank1_label = 
| blank2_label = 
| website = 
| notes =
}}
[[Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh]], the husband of [[Queen Elizabeth II]] of the [[United Kingdom]] and the [[Commonwealth realm]]s, and the longest-serving [[List of British royal consorts|royal consort]] in British history, died at age 99 on the morning of 9 April 2021.<ref name="bbcnews1">{{Cite news |date=9 April 2021 |title=Prince Philip has died aged 99, Buckingham Palace announces |work=[[BBC News]] |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-11437314 |url-status=live |access-date=9 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210409111256/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-11437314 |archive-date=9 April 2021}}</ref> The cause of death has not been disclosed, though an official statement says he "died peacefully".<ref name="smh">{{Cite web |last=Shields |first=Bevan |date=9 April 2021 |title=Prince Philip dies in Windsor Castle aged 99 |url=https://www.smh.com.au/world/europe/prince-philip-dies-in-windsor-castle-aged-99-20200205-p53y58.html |website=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |access-date=9 April 2021}}</ref>

The Duke is entitled to a full [[State funerals in the United Kingdom|state funeral]], but had indicated a wish for minimal "fuss".<ref name=smh/><ref name=operationforthbridge/> His wishes are claimed to indicate a [[military funeral]] to be conducted at [[St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle|St George's Chapel]] and burial at [[Frogmore|Frogmore Gardens]], though burial at St George's Chapel would be more traditional.<ref name=operationforthbridge/>

==Health issues==
On 16 February 2021, Philip was admitted to [[King Edward VII's Hospital]] as a precautionary measure after feeling unwell. On 1 March, Philip was transferred to [[St Bartholomew's Hospital]] and on 3 March, he underwent a successful procedure for his existing heart condition.<ref>{{Cite news |date=4 March 2021 |title=Prince Philip recovering from successful heart procedure |work=[[BBC News]] |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/newsround/56278874 |access-date=9 April 2021}}</ref> On 5 March, he was transferred back to King Edward's,<ref>{{Cite news |date=5 March 2021 |title=Prince Philip transfers back to King Edward VII's Hospital |work=[[BBC News]] |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-56293518 |access-date=9 April 2021}}</ref> and on 16 March he was discharged.<ref>{{Cite news |date=16 March 2021 |title=Prince Philip: Duke of Edinburgh leaves hospital after a month |publisher=[[BBC News]] |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-56413762 |access-date=9 April 2021}}</ref>

==Operation Forth Bridge==
[[File:Flag at half mast following the death of HRH Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh at St James' Church, Wetherby (9th April 2021) 001 (cropped).jpg|thumb|left|Flag at [[half-mast]] at [[St James' Parish Church, Wetherby]], on 9 April]]
Named after [[Forth Bridge|a notable feature]] of the [[Edinburgh|city of his dukedom]], the national plan for publicly handling the Duke's death is called '''Operation Forth Bridge'''. Initiated upon his death, the plan included a [[press release]] issued by [[Buckingham Palace]] simultaneously to the [[BBC]] and [[PA Media|Press Association]]; protocol assumes the [[Lord Chamberlain]] consulted with the Queen prior to the press release. At the time of the release, flags were lowered to [[half-mast]], where they will remain for a period of national mourning. During this period, all UK television presenters must wear black.<ref name="operationforthbridge">{{Cite web |last=Traynor |first=Sian |date=22 February 2021 |title=Everything that will happen in 'Operation Forth Bridge' when Prince Philip dies |url=https://www.edinburghlive.co.uk/news/uk-world-news/operation-forth-bridge-everything-happen-19889779 |access-date=9 April 2021 |website=Edinburgh Live}}</ref> No public viewings are expected and no laws will be passed in an eight-day mourning period for the Prince.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mosalski |first=Ruth |date=9 April 2021 |title=Operation Forth Bridge: What happens now after Prince Philip's death |url=https://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/local-news/operation-forth-bridge-what-happens-12928762 |access-date=9 April 2021 |website=WalesOnline}}</ref>

The website of the [[British royal family|Royal Family]] temporarily removed all its content and replaced it with a black background, displaying a statement from the palace.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The British Monarchy |url=https://www.royal.uk/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210409110704/https://www.royal.uk/ |archive-date=9 April 2021 |access-date=9 April 2021 |website=The British Monarchy}}</ref> The press release was issued at midday. The BBC suspended all programming until at least 1800 [[British Summer Time|BST]] on 9 April, to be replaced with respectful programming following the announcement. On the radio, the broadcasts were changed first to the [[God Save the Queen|national anthem]], and then to sombre music. Its television channels adopted special reports on the Duke's life. To announce the news on [[BBC One]], the broadcast went dark, with a simple title card then appearing and announcing a news report. [[BBC News]] briefly cut to allow its presenter at the time, [[Martine Croxall]], to change into black; BBC channels then all assumed the BBC News feed from the London newsroom and Croxall announced the passing of the Duke before reading the press release. After the announcement, an image of the Duke was shown, with the national anthem played. Croxall was then replaced by BBC News' lead anchor, [[Huw Edwards]]. The other major British broadcasters – [[ITV (TV network)|ITV]], [[Channel 4]], and [[Channel 5 (British TV channel)|Channel 5]] – all had similar responses, suspending regular programming until various times in the evening of 9 April.<ref>{{cite web|last=Kanter|first=Jake|date=2021-04-09|title=Prince Philip’s Death: How The BBC & Other British Broadcasters Responded|url=https://deadline.com/2021/04/prince-philip-death-how-the-bbc-responded-1234730967/|access-date=2021-04-09|website=Deadline|language=en-US}}</ref> Programming on [[BBC Four]] was suspended for the entire day.<ref>https://www.radiotimes.com/tv/current-affairs/tv-schedule-changes-prince-philip/</ref>

==Reactions==

=== Domestic ===
[[File:Prince Philip Death Notice Holyroodhouse.jpg|thumb|300px|An official notice announcing the death of Prince Philip, posted outside the [[Holyrood Palace|Palace of Holyroodhouse]] in [[Edinburgh]]]]
[[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|Prime Minister]] [[Boris Johnson]], speaking outside [[10 Downing Street]], expressed his condolences and stated that Prince Philip "helped to steer the Royal Family and the monarchy so that it remains an institution indisputably vital to the balance and happiness of our national life."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Eccleston |first=Ben |date=9 April 2021 |title=Reaction and updates: Prince Philip dies at age of 99 |work=Coventry Telegraph |url=https://www.coventrytelegraph.net/news/coventry-news/live-prince-philip-dies-age-20351271 |access-date=9 April 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=9 April 2021 |title=Tributes paid to Prince Philip |agency=[[BBC News]] |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/live/uk-30039262 |access-date=9 April 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=9 April 2021 |title=Boris Johnson speaks to nation after death of Prince Philip – video |work=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/video/2021/apr/09/boris-johnson-speaks-to-nation-after-death-of-prince-philip-video |access-date=9 April 2021}}</ref> The [[Leader of the Opposition (United Kingdom)|Leader of the Opposition]], [[Keir Starmer]]; [[First Minister of Scotland|Scottish First Minister]] [[Nicola Sturgeon]];<ref name="DomesticReactions">{{Cite news |date=9 April 2021 |title=Factbox: World reacts to death of Britain's Prince Philip |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-britain-royals-philip-reaction-factbo/factbox-world-reacts-to-death-of-britains-prince-philip-idUSKBN2BW1IA |access-date=9 April 2021}}</ref> [[First Minister of Wales|Welsh First Minister]] [[Mark Drakeford]];<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 April 2021 |title=First Minister of Wales pays tribute to The Duke of Edinburgh |url=https://gov.wales/first-minister-of-wales-pays-tribute-to-the-duke-of-edinburgh |access-date=9 April 2021}}</ref> [[First Minister and deputy First Minister of Northern Ireland|Northern Ireland First Minister]] [[Arlene Foster]];<ref>{{Cite news|title=Prince Philip 'widely respected' in Northern Ireland|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/av/uk-56692546|access-date=9 April 2021}}</ref> and former British Prime Ministers [[John Major]], [[Tony Blair]], [[Gordon Brown]], [[David Cameron]] and [[Theresa May]] all expressed similar sentiments.<ref name="DomesticReactions" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Statement from David Cameron, on the sad news that His Royal Highness The Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh has passed away |url=https://twitter.com/David_Cameron/status/1380506293371351044 |url-status=live |access-date=9 April 2021 |website=Twitter}}</ref><ref name="BrownMay">{{Cite news |date=9 April 2021 |title=Politicians mark 'extraordinary life' of Prince Philip |agency=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-56691199 |access-date=9 April 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2021/apr/09/boris-johnson-tribute-prince-philip-ethic-service-duke-edinburgh|title=Boris Johnson pays tribute to Prince Philip’s ‘ethic of service’|date=9 April 2021|website=the Guardian|accessdate=9 April 2021}}</ref> [[Mayor of London]], [[Sadiq Khan]], said he was "grateful" for the contribution Prince Philip had made to the city.<ref>{{Cite news |date=9 April 2021 |title=Latest Updates: Reaction to Prince Philip's Death |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/live/2021/04/09/world/prince-philip-dead-updates |access-date=9 April 2021}}</ref> The [[Lindsay Hoyle|Speaker of the House of Commons]] and the [[Norman Fowler, Baron Fowler|Lord Speaker]] both released statements expressing their sadness and sympathies to the Royal Family.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Death of HRH The Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh|url=https://www.parliament.uk/business/news/2021/april/joint-hc-hl-ukp-doe/|access-date=9 April 2021|website=www.parliament.uk|language=en}}</ref>

[[Archbishop of Canterbury]] [[Justin Welby]] said that he joined the rest of the United Kingdom and the Commonwealth in mourning and gave thanks to God for the "extraordinary life of dedicated service" of Prince Philip. Welby also said that "[Philip] was a master at putting people at their ease and making them feel special".<ref name="DomesticReactions" /> Other religious leaders offered similar condolences, including Cardinal [[Vincent Nichols]], head of the [[Catholic Church in England and Wales|Catholic Church in England & Wales]]; [[Zara Mohammed]], secretary general of the [[Muslim Council of Britain]]; and [[Ephraim Mirvis]], [[Chief Rabbi of the United Hebrew Congregations of the Commonwealth]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cardinal prays for the repose of the soul of Prince Philip |url=https://rcdow.org.uk/cardinal/news/cardinal-prays-for-the-repose-of-the-soul-of-prince-philip/ |access-date=9 April 2021 |website=rcdow.org.uk |language=en-gb}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=9 April 2021 |title=MCB sends its condolences on passing of the Duke of Edinburgh |url=https://mcb.org.uk/community/mcb-sends-its-condolences-on-passing-of-the-duke-of-edinburgh/ |access-date=9 April 2021 |website=Muslim Council of Britain (MCB) |language=en-US}}</ref>

=== Commonwealth ===
[[File:British Embassy Stockholm 2021-04-09.jpg|thumb|303x303px|The [[List of diplomatic missions of the United Kingdom|British]] & [[List of diplomatic missions of New Zealand|New Zealand Embassies]] in [[Stockholm]] with flags at [[half-mast]], on 9 April]]
As a senior member of the British royal family, Prince Philip was also a prominent figure in the [[Commonwealth of Nations]] and, particularly, the [[Commonwealth realms]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Dunham |first1=Jackie |title=Always by her side: The life of Prince Philip, the Queen's lasting love |url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/world/always-by-her-side-the-life-of-prince-philip-the-queen-s-lasting-love-1.5380659 |access-date=9 April 2021 |agency=[[CTV News]] |date=9 April 2021}}</ref>

* Australia: [[Governor-General of Australia| Governor-General]] [[David Hurley]] extended "deepest condolences" on behalf of Australians and thanked the Duke for his service.<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 April 2021 |title=Live: The world reacts to the death of Prince Philip |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-04-09/prince-philip-dead-live-queen-duke-of-edinburgh-royal-family/8496436#live-blog-post-1199762109 |access-date=9 April 2021 |website=www.abc.net.au |language=en-AU}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |title=The Governor General has made a statement following Prince Philip's death {{!}} ABC News |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=arCL_10Xmw4 |language=en |access-date=9 April 2021}}</ref> [[Prime Minister of Australia|Prime Minister]] [[Scott Morrison]] expressed similar sentiments,<ref name="bbcnews1" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=9 April 2021 |title=Live: The world reacts to the death of Prince Philip |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-04-09/prince-philip-dead-live-queen-duke-of-edinburgh-royal-family/8496436#live-blog-post-1199762636 |access-date=9 April 2021 |website=www.abc.net.au |language=en-AU}}</ref><ref>{{Cite tweet |number=1380482042152939525 |user=scottmorrisonmp |title=Statement on His Royal Highness The Duke of Edinburgh. |author=Scott Morrison}}</ref> as did former Prime Ministers [[Julia Gillard]], [[Kevin Rudd]], [[Malcolm Turnbull]] and [[Tony Abbott]].<ref>{{Cite tweet |number=1380484615324921865 |user=juliagillard |title=I have fond memories of spending time with Prince Philip. |author=Julia Gillard}}</ref><ref>{{Cite tweet |number=1380500419739185155 |user=mrkrudd |title=Our thoughts should all be with Her Majesty The Queen at this time. |author=Kevin Rudd}}</ref><ref>{{Cite tweet |number=1380504824983080963 |user=TurnbullMalcolm |title=Farewell Prince Philip |author=Malcolm Turnbull}}</ref><ref>{{Cite tweet |number=1380494574330671107 |user=hontonyabbott |title=Vale His Royal Highness The Duke Of Edinburgh |author=Tony Abbott}}</ref> Per protocol, the Australian flag is to be flown at half-mast on 10 April 2021, to mark mourning and respect for the Duke.<ref>{{Cite web |title=His Royal Highness the Duke of Edinburgh: Australian National Flag to fly at Half-Mast |url=https://www.pmc.gov.au/government/australian-national-flag/flag-network/his-royal-highness-duke-edinburgh |access-date=9 April 2021 |website=www.pmc.gov.au}}</ref>
* Canada: [[Prime Minister of Canada| Canadian Prime Minister]] [[Justin Trudeau]] issued a statement of mourning, as well as highlighting Prince Philip's commitment to Canada, including his links with the [[Canadian Armed Forces]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 April 2021 |title=Statement by the Prime Minister of Canada on the passing of The Duke of Edinburgh |url=https://pm.gc.ca/en/news/statements/2021/04/09/statement-prime-minister-canada-passing-duke-edinburgh |access-date=9 April 2021 |website=Prime Minister of Canada |language=en}}</ref> The [[Leader of the Official Opposition (Canada)|Leader of the Opposition]] [[Erin O'Toole]] also expressed similar remarks.<ref>{{Cite tweet |user=erinotoole|number=1380553096808570882|title=My statement on the passing of HRH Prince Philip.}}</ref> The Office of the [[Governor General of Canada|Governor General]] (due to the vacancy of the vice regal post) similarly expressed condolences to the Royal Family.<ref>{{Cite tweet |user=ggcanada |number=1380513775988707344 |title=An advocate for young people, volunteerism, wildlife conservation and more, the Duke of Edinburgh was a great friend of Canada. Our deepest condolences to Her Majesty The Queen and the members of the Royal Family.}}</ref> The national flag is to be flown at half-mast on federal buildings and establishments across Canada (most notable at the [[Peace Tower]] on [[Parliament Hill]] and [[Rideau Hall]]) and abroad at foreign missions, a measure expected to last until sunset on the day of the memorial service.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Heritage |first=Canadian |date=3 May 2018 |title=National Flag of Canada half-masting notices |url=https://www.canada.ca/en/canadian-heritage/services/half-masting-notices.html |access-date=9 April 2021 |website=aem}}</ref>
* India: [[Prime Minister of India| Indian Prime Minister]] [[Narendra Modi]] said his thoughts were "with the British people and the Royal Family on the passing away of HRH The Prince Philip" and praised the Duke's efforts in promoting community service initiatives.<ref>{{Cite web |title=PM Modi condoles death of UK's Prince Philip |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/world/asia/pm-modi-condoles-death-of-uks-prince-philip20210409173529/ |access-date=9 April 2021 |website=ANI News |language=en}}</ref><ref name="bbcnews1" />
* Kenya: [[President of Kenya]] [[Uhuru Kenyatta]] stated that Prince Philip was a "towering symbol of family values and the unity of the British people as well as the entire global community" and a man who had worked for the "peaceful co-existence of the human race". <ref name="auto">{{Cite web |date=9 April 2021 |title=Prince Philip: World leaders react to the death of the Duke of Edinburgh |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-56687736 |access-date=9 April 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref>
* Malta: [[Prime Minister of Malta|Maltese Prime Minister]] [[Robert Abela]] wrote in a statement: "Truly saddened by the loss of Prince Philip, who made Malta his home and returned here so often. Our people will always treasure his memory." <ref>{{Cite tweet |user=RobertAbela_MT |number=1380484896326582273 |title=Truly saddened by the loss of Prince Philip... |date=9 April 2021 |access-date=9 April 2021}}</ref><ref name="auto"/>
* New Zealand: [[Prime Minister of New Zealand|New Zealand Prime Minister]] [[Jacinda Ardern]] released a statement expressing condolences and directed that flags on government and naval buildings be flown at half-mast.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 April 2021 |title=World leaders react to news of Duke of Edinburgh's death |url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/world/440174/world-leaders-react-to-news-of-duke-of-edinburgh-s-death |access-date=9 April 2021 |website=RNZ |language=en-nz}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The Duke of Edinburgh |url=http://www.beehive.govt.nz/release/duke-edinburgh |access-date=9 April 2021 |website=The Beehive |language=en}}</ref>
* Pakistan: [[Prime Minister of Pakistan| Pakistani Prime Minister]] [[Imran Khan]] stated his condolences, saying that "Britain has lost a wise elder who was imbued with a unique spirit of public service."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Imran Khan on Twitter: "My condolences on the demise of HRH Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. Britain has lost a wise elder who was imbued with a unique spirit of public service. His role in promoting Pakistan-UK relations will always be remembered." |url=https://twitter.com/imrankhanpti/status/1380520014332239875 |url-status=live |access-date=9 April 2021 |website=Twitter |language=en}}</ref> The President of Pakistan stated that he was "deeply saddened" by his death and that Pakistan has lost a "sincere friend".<ref>{{Cite web |title=President of Pakistan on Twitter: "Deeply saddened on the passing away of HRH Prince Philip the Duke of Edinburgh. In his demise, Pakistan has lost a sincere friend. In this hour of grief, our thoughts and prayers go out to Her Majesty, the Queen, the Royal family, and people of the United Kingdom." |url=https://twitter.com/PresOfPakistan/status/1380527281119068167 |url-status=live |access-date=9 April 2021 |website=Twitter |language=en}}</ref>
* Tanzania: [[President of Tanzania]] [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]] gave her condolences through multiple messages on Twitter, first to the Queen and British people<ref>{{Cite tweet |number=1380513421158973442 |user=SuluhuSamia |title=On behalf or the Government and the People of the United Republic of Tanzania... |date=9 April 2021}}</ref> before adding a message of solidarity and prayer.<ref>{{Cite tweet |number=1380513422945714177 |user=SuluhuSamia |title=We stand with you during this difficult time of loss and mourning. |date=9 April 2021}}</ref><ref name="auto"/>

=== International ===

* Azerbaijan: President [[Ilham Aliyev]] extended his condolences, describing Philip as one who "faithfully served his native people".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://president.az/articles/51060|title=Böyük Britaniya və Şimali İrlandiyanın Kraliçası Ülyahəzrət II Elizabetə|work=Office of the President of Azerbaijan|date=9 April 2021|accessdate=9 April 2021|language=az}}</ref>
* Belgium: [[Philippe of Belgium|Philippe]] and [[Queen Mathilde of Belgium|Mathilde]], the [[Monarchy of Belgium|King]] and [[List of Belgian royal consorts|Queen of the Belgians]], expressed their condolences on Twitter, stating "We wish to express our deepest condolences to Her Majesty The Queen, the British Royal Family and the people of the United Kingdom."<ref>{{Cite tweet |user=MonarchieBe |number=1380497871716417545 |title=Deeply saddened by the passing away of His Royal Highness The Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. |date=9 Apr 2021|access-date=9 Apr 2021}}</ref>
* Bosnia and Herzegovina: [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Bosnia and Herzegovina)|Bosnian Foreign Minister]], [[Bisera Turković]], offered her deepest condolences and heartfelt sympathy to the Royal Family.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.klix.ba/vijesti/bih/bisera-turkovic-izrazila-saucesce-povodom-smrti-britanskog-princa-philipa/210409139|title=Bisera Turković izrazila saučešće povodom smrti britanskog princa Philipa|date=9 April 2021|access-date=9 April 2021|language=bs|author=N.C.|publisher=Klix.ba}}</ref>
* Denmark: Condolences were issued by [[Margrethe II of Denmark|Margrethe II]], the [[Monarchy of Denmark|Queen of Denmark]], a nation of which Philip was born a prince. It stated "Her Majesty the Queen has today sent personal condolences to Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II in connection with the death of His Royal Highness Prince Philip, the Duke of Edinburgh."<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 April 2021 |title=H.M. Dronningen sender kondolence |trans-title=H.M. The Queen sends her condolences |url=https://www.kongehuset.dk/nyheder/hm-dronningen-sender-kondolence |url-status=live |access-date=9 April 2021 |website=Kongehuset |language=da}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Dronning Margrethe har sendt en personlig kondolence efter prins Philips død |trans-title=Queen Margrethe has sent a personal condolence following the death of Prince Philip |url=https://www.dr.dk/nyheder/seneste/dronning-margrethe-har-sendt-en-personlig-kondolence-efter-prins-philips-doed |url-status=live |access-date=9 April 2021 |website=DR |language=da}}</ref>
* France: [[President of France|French President]] [[Emmanuel Macron]] expressed his condolences on Twitter, stating that Prince Philip "lived an exemplary life defined by bravery, a sense of duty and commitment to the youth and the environment".<ref>{{Cite tweet |user=EmmanuelMacron |number=1380546258402697218 |title=I wish to express my sincere condolences to Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth, The Royal Family and the British people... |date=9 Apr 2021|access-date=9 Apr 2021}}</ref> [[Ministry of Europe and Foreign Affairs|Foreign Minister]] [[Jean-Yves Le Drian]] said that the Duke was a man of "great style" and stated that "France joins in the sorrow of its friends across the Channel and salutes the life, at once European and British, of a man who was a witness to a century of trials and hopes for our continent."<ref>{{Cite tweet|user=JY_LeDrian|number=1380527302841360388|title=Après la disparition du Prince Philip...|date=9 April 2021|access-date=9 April 2021|language=fr}}</ref><ref name="auto"/>
* Germany: [[Chancellor of Germany|Chancellor]] [[Angela Merkel]] stated that Prince Philip's "friendship with Germany, his straightforward nature and his sense of duty will remain unforgotten."<ref name="auto"/>
* Guatemala: [[President of Guatemala|President]] [[Alejandro Giammattei]] offered his condolences to the Royal Family.<ref>{{Cite tweet|user=DrGiammattei|number=1380551901146648578|title=Presento mis condolencias a su majestad la Reina Isabel II y a toda la familia real británica ante el fallecimiento del Príncipe Felipe, Duque de Edimburgo. Nuestra solidaridad con el pueblo británico en estos momentos difíciles.|date=9 April 2021|access-date=9 April 2021|language=es}}</ref>
* Ireland: [[Taoiseach]] [[Micheál Martin]] and [[President of Ireland|Irish President]] [[Michael D. Higgins]] expressed sadness, giving their thoughts to the United Kingdom.<ref name="DomesticReactions" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Statement from President Higgins on the death of Prince Philip |url=https://president.ie/en/media-library/news-releases/statement-from-president-higgins-on-the-death-of-prince-philip |access-date=9 April 2021}}</ref>
* Israel: [[Israeli president|Israeli President]] [[Reuven Rivlin]] and [[Prime Minister of Israel|Israeli Prime Minister]] [[Benjamin Netanyahu]] stated their condolences, with Netanyahu saying "Prince Philip was the consummate public servant and will be much missed in Israel and across the world."<ref name="DomesticReactions" />
* Italy: [[President of Italy|President]] [[Sergio Mattarella]] offered his condolences and defined the Duke as "a sincere friend of the Italian people".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Prince Philip 'exemplary dedication' to Crown - Mattarella|url=https://www.ansa.it/english/news/2021/04/09/prince-philip-exemplary-dedication-to-crown-mattarella_5256c0f1-b9f6-4f52-a711-038059a06ff1.html|access-date=9 April 2021 |website=ANSA}}</ref>
* Lithuania: [[President of Lithuania|President]] [[Gitanas Nausėda]] and [[Prime Minister of Lithuania|Prime Minister]] [[Ingrida Šimonytė]] offered their condolences and expressed great sadness over the death.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lithuanian president, PM send condolences over death of Prince Philip|url=https://www.lrt.lt/en/news-in-english/19/1384495/lithuanian-president-pm-send-condolences-over-death-of-prince-philip|access-date=9 April 2021 |website=LRT}}</ref>
* Mexico: [[President of Mexico|Mexican President]] [[Andrés Manuel López Obrador]] expressed his condolences, saying, "On behalf of the Government and people of Mexico, I express our sincere condolences to Queen Elizabeth II, to family and friends, as well as to the British people. Rest in peace."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Presidente de México envía pésame al Reino Unido por muerte de príncipe Felipe |url=https://www.infobae.com/america/entretenimiento/2021/04/09/mexico-lamento-la-muerte-del-principe-felipe-amlo-envio-su-pesame-en-nombre-del-pueblo-y-del-gobierno/ |access-date=9 April 2021 |website=Infobae |language=es-MX}}</ref>
* Netherlands: King [[Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands|Willem-Alexander]], Queen [[Queen Máxima of the Netherlands|Máxima]] and Princess [[Beatrix of the Netherlands|Beatrix]] issued a press release stating "It is with great respect that we remember His Royal Highness Prince Philip. [...] Our deepest and most heartfelt sympathy goes out to Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth and all the members of the Royal Family."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Affairs |first=Ministry of General |date=9 April 2021 |title=Response by King Willem-Alexander, Queen Máxima and Princess Beatrix upon the death of Prince Philip – News item – Royal House of the Netherlands |url=https://www.royal-house.nl/latest/news/2021/04/09/response-by-king-willem-alexander-queen-maxima-and-princess-beatrix-upon-the-death-of-prince-philip |access-date=9 April 2021 |website=www.royal-house.nl |language=en-GB}}</ref> [[Mark Rutte]], [[Prime Minister of the Netherlands|Dutch Prime Minister]], expressed his condolences and sympathy.<ref>{{Cite tweet |number=1380502093266624519 |user=MinPres |title=On behalf of the government I have sent my condolences to prime minister @BorisJohnson on hearing the sad news of the death of His Royal Highness Prince Philip. Our thoughts and sympathy are with Britain's Royal Family and the British people at this time of mourning.}}</ref>
* Norway: [[Prime Minister of Norway|Norwegian Prime Minister]], [[Erna Solberg]], expressed her condolences and sadness,<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Olsson |first1=Svein Vestrum |last2=Kristensen |first2=Mette |date=9 April 2021 |title=Kong Harald kondolerer det britiske folk |language=no |work=[[NRK]] |url=https://www.nrk.no/urix/kong-harald-kondolerer-det-britiske-folk-1.15449736 |access-date=9 April 2021}}</ref> and [[Harald V of Norway|Harald V]], the [[Monarchy of Norway|King of Norway]], issued a press release sending condolences to the British royals and citizens.<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 April 2021 |title=Prince Philip: -Prince Philip has died |url=https://www.dagbladet.no/kjendis/prins-philip-er-dod/73422792 |publisher=[[Verdens Gang|VG]] |language=Norwegian |access-date=9 April 2021}}</ref>
* Philippines: [[President of the Philippines|Philippine President]] [[Rodrigo Duterte]] said "The Philippines and the United Kingdom have strong bilateral ties and we share the grief of the British people in this period of bereavement".<ref>{{Cite news |date=9 April 2021 |title=Duterte condoles with British royal family on Prince Philip's death |publisher=CNN Philippines |url=https://cnnphilippines.com/news/2021/4/9/duterte-prince-philip-death.html?fb&fbclid=IwAR0K5Gw09SnSIZTrUH2Iv6N7yS5qP96rVK7DxtC1JzjrLoBr7gimO9IyqiI}}</ref>
* Romania: Custodian of the Crown of Romania [[Margareta of Romania]] gave a long statement, expressing she was "deeply saddened by the passing of His Royal Highness Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh [...] All generations of the Romanian and British Royal Families were close, but, for today's generation, Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip stand as spiritual models and fundamental sources of inspiration."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ducele de Edinburg, In Memoriam {{!}} Familia Regală a României / Royal Family of Romania |url=https://www.romaniaregala.ro/jurnal/ducele-de-edinburg-in-memoriam/ |access-date=9 April 2021 |language=ro}}</ref> The [[President of Romania]], [[Klaus Iohannis]], released a statement, saying that he "learned with great sadness" about the passing of Philip, expressing his condolences and full confidence that history will honor the contribution of His Royal Highness.<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Iohannis |first=Klaus |author-link=Klaus Iohannis |user=KlausIohannis |number=1380494464364511233 |date=9 April 2021 |title=I learned with great sadness about the passing of His Royal Highness The Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. |access-date=9 April 2021}}</ref>
* Russia: [[Vladimir Putin]] sent a message conveying his condolences to the Royal Family.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Condolences to Elizabeth II, Queen of United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland|url=http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/65336|access-date=9 April 2021|website=President of Russia|language=en}}</ref>
* Spain: [[Felipe VI]] and [[Queen Letizia of Spain|Letizia]], the [[Monarchy of Spain|King]] and [[List of Spanish royal consorts|Queen of Spain]], telegrammed "Dear Aunt Lillibet" in mourning of "Dear Uncle Philip" stating "We shall never forget the moments that we shared with him and the legacy of service and dedication to the Crown and the United Kingdom by your side".<ref name="auto"/>
* Sweden: [[Carl XVI Gustaf]], the [[Monarchy of Sweden|King of Sweden]], issued a press release stating "[[Queen Silvia of Sweden|The Queen]] and I were deeply saddened to learn of the death of His Royal Highness [...] We offer our sincere condolences to Her Majesty The Queen, The Royal Family and the people of the United Kingdom."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Uttalande med anledning av H.K.H. Hertigens av Edinburgh frånfälle - Sveriges Kungahus |url=https://www.kungahuset.se/press/pressmeddelanden/aretspressmeddelanden/uttalandemedanledningavhkhhertigensavedinburghfranfalle.5.3d544ca01784aaa522d1174e.html |access-date=9 April 2021 |website=www.kungahuset.se |language=sv}}</ref>
* Switzerland: The [[President of the Swiss Confederation]] [[Guy Parmelin]] expressed his condolences on behalf of the Swiss people.<ref>{{Cite tweet |number=1380523749129252868 |user=ParmelinG |title=It was with sadness that I learned of the death of Prince Philip, the Duke of Edinburgh. |date=9 April 2021}}</ref>
* United States: [[President of the United States|President]] [[Joe Biden]] and [[First Lady of the United States|First Lady]] [[Jill Biden]] offered their condolences, saying that "Prince Philip's legacy will live on not only through his family, but in all the charitable endeavors he shaped."<ref>{{Cite tweet |user=POTUS |number=1380544282029883394 |title=Prince Philip’s legacy will live on not only through his family, but in all the charitable endeavors he shaped. Jill and I are keeping the Queen and Prince Philip’s children, grandchildren, great-grandchildren, and the people of the United Kingdom in our hearts during this time.}}</ref> Former President [[Barack Obama]] and former First Lady [[Michelle Obama]] offered their condolences, and talked about how the Duke "put [them] at ease with their grace and generosity, turning a ceremonial occasion into something far more natural, even comfortable". They went on to talk about Prince Philip's distinguished naval service and praised his ambition and selflessness.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Facebook|url=https://www.facebook.com/barackobama/photos/a.53081056748/10158565072381749/?type=3&theater|access-date=2021-04-09|website=www.facebook.com}}</ref> Former President [[George W. Bush]] said that "[Prince Philip] represented the United Kingdom with dignity" and "we know how much he will be missed."<ref name="DomesticReactions" /> Former President [[Bill Clinton]] and his wife, former Secretary of State [[Hillary Clinton]], also offered their condolences.<ref>{{cite news |title=The Latest: Ex-President Clinton, first lady offer sympathy |url=https://apnews.com/article/prince-philip-death-live-updates-7455081506e574620c1d80ab71a4aa69 |access-date=9 April 2021 |work=AP News |date=9 April 2021}}</ref> The [[Jimmy Carter Library and Museum]] shared an image of [[Jimmy Carter|Carter]] with Prince Philip on social media, and expressed condolences.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Brunner |first=Raven |date=9 April 2021 |title=Prince Philip has died: Queen Elizabeth II's husband passes away aged 99 |agency=[[Monsters and Critics]] |url=https://www.monstersandcritics.com/celebrity/prince-philip-has-died-queen-elizabeth-iis-husband-passes-away-aged-99/ |access-date=9 April 2021}}</ref> Former President [[Donald Trump]] expressed his condolences, saying that Philip’s death was "an irreplaceable loss for Great Britain, and for all who hold dear our civilization."<ref name="DomesticReactions" />

=== Supranational organisations ===

* European Union: The [[president of the European Commission]], [[Ursula von der Leyen]] released a brief statement, saying that she was "saddened" to hear of Philip's death, and expressing her "sincere sympathy to Her Majesty The Queen, the Royal Family and the people of the United Kingdom".<ref>{{Cite tweet |number=1380492510158544898 |user=vonderleyen |title=I am saddened to hear of the passing of His Royal Highness Prince Philip. |author=Ursula von der Leyen}}</ref>
* United Nations: A spokesperson for [[Secretary-General of the United Nations]] [[António Guterres]] said he was "saddened at the passing of His Royal Highness Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh" and "extends condolences to Her Majesty, the Queen, and to the people of the United Kingdom."<ref name=UN /> Guterres also paid "tribute to the Duke of Edinburgh for his active work for the betterment of humankind."<ref name=UN>{{Cite web |url=https://www.un.org/sg/en/content/sg/statement/2021-04-09/statement-the-spokesperson-for-the-secretary-general-the-death-of-prince-philip-the-duke-of-edinburgh |title=Statement by the Spokesperson for the Secretary-General - on the death of Prince Philip, the Duke of Edinburgh |date=9 April 2021 |website=[[United Nations]] |access-date=9 April 2021}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{State funerals in the United Kingdom}}
{{Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh}}

[[Category:2021 in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:2020s in Berkshire]]
[[Category:Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh]]
[[Category:April 2021 events in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Ceremonial funerals in the United Kingdom|Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh]]
[[Category:Death of men]]
[[Category:Events involving British royalty]]
[[Category:Funerals by person|Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh]]
[[Category:Windsor Castle]]

Death and funeral of Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh

2021-04-09T18:52:49Z

Willy3198: /* International */

{{Short description|Death and funeral proceedings of Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh}}
{{pp-vandalism|small=yes}}
{{Use British English|date=April 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2021}}
{{Recent death confirmed|date=April 2021}}
{{Infobox event
| title = Death of Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh
| image = File:Prince Philip in Berlin 2015 (cropped).JPG
| image_upright =
| image_alt =
| caption = The Duke of Edinburgh in 2015
| time =
| timezone =
| date = 9 April 2021
| location =[[Windsor Castle]], [[United Kingdom]]
| cause =
| burial =
| url =
| blank_label = 
| blank1_label = 
| blank2_label = 
| website = 
| notes =
}}
[[Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh]], the husband of [[Queen Elizabeth II]] of the [[United Kingdom]] and the [[Commonwealth realm]]s, and the longest-serving [[List of British royal consorts|royal consort]] in British history, died at age 99 on the morning of 9 April 2021.<ref name="bbcnews1">{{Cite news |date=9 April 2021 |title=Prince Philip has died aged 99, Buckingham Palace announces |work=[[BBC News]] |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-11437314 |url-status=live |access-date=9 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210409111256/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-11437314 |archive-date=9 April 2021}}</ref> The cause of death has not been disclosed, though an official statement says he "died peacefully".<ref name="smh">{{Cite web |last=Shields |first=Bevan |date=9 April 2021 |title=Prince Philip dies in Windsor Castle aged 99 |url=https://www.smh.com.au/world/europe/prince-philip-dies-in-windsor-castle-aged-99-20200205-p53y58.html |website=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |access-date=9 April 2021}}</ref>

The Duke is entitled to a full [[State funerals in the United Kingdom|state funeral]], but had indicated a wish for minimal "fuss".<ref name=smh/><ref name=operationforthbridge/> His wishes are claimed to indicate a [[military funeral]] to be conducted at [[St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle|St George's Chapel]] and burial at [[Frogmore|Frogmore Gardens]], though burial at St George's Chapel would be more traditional.<ref name=operationforthbridge/>

==Health issues==
On 16 February 2021, Philip was admitted to [[King Edward VII's Hospital]] as a precautionary measure after feeling unwell. On 1 March, Philip was transferred to [[St Bartholomew's Hospital]] and on 3 March, he underwent a successful procedure for his existing heart condition.<ref>{{Cite news |date=4 March 2021 |title=Prince Philip recovering from successful heart procedure |work=[[BBC News]] |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/newsround/56278874 |access-date=9 April 2021}}</ref> On 5 March, he was transferred back to King Edward's,<ref>{{Cite news |date=5 March 2021 |title=Prince Philip transfers back to King Edward VII's Hospital |work=[[BBC News]] |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-56293518 |access-date=9 April 2021}}</ref> and on 16 March he was discharged.<ref>{{Cite news |date=16 March 2021 |title=Prince Philip: Duke of Edinburgh leaves hospital after a month |publisher=[[BBC News]] |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-56413762 |access-date=9 April 2021}}</ref>

==Operation Forth Bridge==
[[File:Flag at half mast following the death of HRH Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh at St James' Church, Wetherby (9th April 2021) 001 (cropped).jpg|thumb|left|Flag at [[half-mast]] at [[St James' Parish Church, Wetherby]], on 9 April]]
Named after [[Forth Bridge|a notable feature]] of the [[Edinburgh|city of his dukedom]], the national plan for publicly handling the Duke's death is called '''Operation Forth Bridge'''. Initiated upon his death, the plan included a [[press release]] issued by [[Buckingham Palace]] simultaneously to the [[BBC]] and [[PA Media|Press Association]]; protocol assumes the [[Lord Chamberlain]] consulted with the Queen prior to the press release. At the time of the release, flags were lowered to [[half-mast]], where they will remain for a period of national mourning. During this period, all UK television presenters must wear black.<ref name="operationforthbridge">{{Cite web |last=Traynor |first=Sian |date=22 February 2021 |title=Everything that will happen in 'Operation Forth Bridge' when Prince Philip dies |url=https://www.edinburghlive.co.uk/news/uk-world-news/operation-forth-bridge-everything-happen-19889779 |access-date=9 April 2021 |website=Edinburgh Live}}</ref> No public viewings are expected and no laws will be passed in an eight-day mourning period for the Prince.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mosalski |first=Ruth |date=9 April 2021 |title=Operation Forth Bridge: What happens now after Prince Philip's death |url=https://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/local-news/operation-forth-bridge-what-happens-12928762 |access-date=9 April 2021 |website=WalesOnline}}</ref>

The website of the [[British royal family|Royal Family]] temporarily removed all its content and replaced it with a black background, displaying a statement from the palace.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The British Monarchy |url=https://www.royal.uk/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210409110704/https://www.royal.uk/ |archive-date=9 April 2021 |access-date=9 April 2021 |website=The British Monarchy}}</ref> The press release was issued at midday. The BBC suspended all programming until at least 1800 [[British Summer Time|BST]] on 9 April, to be replaced with respectful programming following the announcement. On the radio, the broadcasts were changed first to the [[God Save the Queen|national anthem]], and then to sombre music. Its television channels adopted special reports on the Duke's life. To announce the news on [[BBC One]], the broadcast went dark, with a simple title card then appearing and announcing a news report. [[BBC News]] briefly cut to allow its presenter at the time, [[Martine Croxall]], to change into black; BBC channels then all assumed the BBC News feed from the London newsroom and Croxall announced the passing of the Duke before reading the press release. After the announcement, an image of the Duke was shown, with the national anthem played. Croxall was then replaced by BBC News' lead anchor, [[Huw Edwards]]. The other major British broadcasters – [[ITV (TV network)|ITV]], [[Channel 4]], and [[Channel 5 (British TV channel)|Channel 5]] – all had similar responses, suspending regular programming until various times in the evening of 9 April.<ref>{{cite web|last=Kanter|first=Jake|date=2021-04-09|title=Prince Philip’s Death: How The BBC & Other British Broadcasters Responded|url=https://deadline.com/2021/04/prince-philip-death-how-the-bbc-responded-1234730967/|access-date=2021-04-09|website=Deadline|language=en-US}}</ref> Programming on [[BBC Four]] was suspended for the entire day.<ref>https://www.radiotimes.com/tv/current-affairs/tv-schedule-changes-prince-philip/</ref>

==Reactions==

=== Domestic ===
[[File:Prince Philip Death Notice Holyroodhouse.jpg|thumb|300px|An official notice announcing the death of Prince Philip, posted outside the [[Holyrood Palace|Palace of Holyroodhouse]] in [[Edinburgh]]]]
[[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|Prime Minister]] [[Boris Johnson]], speaking outside [[10 Downing Street]], expressed his condolences and stated that Prince Philip "helped to steer the Royal Family and the monarchy so that it remains an institution indisputably vital to the balance and happiness of our national life."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Eccleston |first=Ben |date=9 April 2021 |title=Reaction and updates: Prince Philip dies at age of 99 |work=Coventry Telegraph |url=https://www.coventrytelegraph.net/news/coventry-news/live-prince-philip-dies-age-20351271 |access-date=9 April 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=9 April 2021 |title=Tributes paid to Prince Philip |agency=[[BBC News]] |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/live/uk-30039262 |access-date=9 April 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=9 April 2021 |title=Boris Johnson speaks to nation after death of Prince Philip – video |work=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/video/2021/apr/09/boris-johnson-speaks-to-nation-after-death-of-prince-philip-video |access-date=9 April 2021}}</ref> The [[Leader of the Opposition (United Kingdom)|Leader of the Opposition]], [[Keir Starmer]]; [[First Minister of Scotland|Scottish First Minister]] [[Nicola Sturgeon]];<ref name="DomesticReactions">{{Cite news |date=9 April 2021 |title=Factbox: World reacts to death of Britain's Prince Philip |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-britain-royals-philip-reaction-factbo/factbox-world-reacts-to-death-of-britains-prince-philip-idUSKBN2BW1IA |access-date=9 April 2021}}</ref> [[First Minister of Wales|Welsh First Minister]] [[Mark Drakeford]];<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 April 2021 |title=First Minister of Wales pays tribute to The Duke of Edinburgh |url=https://gov.wales/first-minister-of-wales-pays-tribute-to-the-duke-of-edinburgh |access-date=9 April 2021}}</ref> [[First Minister and deputy First Minister of Northern Ireland|Northern Ireland First Minister]] [[Arlene Foster]];<ref>{{Cite news|title=Prince Philip 'widely respected' in Northern Ireland|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/av/uk-56692546|access-date=9 April 2021}}</ref> and former British Prime Ministers [[John Major]], [[Tony Blair]], [[Gordon Brown]], [[David Cameron]] and [[Theresa May]] all expressed similar sentiments.<ref name="DomesticReactions" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Statement from David Cameron, on the sad news that His Royal Highness The Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh has passed away |url=https://twitter.com/David_Cameron/status/1380506293371351044 |url-status=live |access-date=9 April 2021 |website=Twitter}}</ref><ref name="BrownMay">{{Cite news |date=9 April 2021 |title=Politicians mark 'extraordinary life' of Prince Philip |agency=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-56691199 |access-date=9 April 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2021/apr/09/boris-johnson-tribute-prince-philip-ethic-service-duke-edinburgh|title=Boris Johnson pays tribute to Prince Philip’s ‘ethic of service’|date=9 April 2021|website=the Guardian|accessdate=9 April 2021}}</ref> [[Mayor of London]], [[Sadiq Khan]], said he was "grateful" for the contribution Prince Philip had made to the city.<ref>{{Cite news |date=9 April 2021 |title=Latest Updates: Reaction to Prince Philip's Death |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/live/2021/04/09/world/prince-philip-dead-updates |access-date=9 April 2021}}</ref> The [[Lindsay Hoyle|Speaker of the House of Commons]] and the [[Norman Fowler, Baron Fowler|Lord Speaker]] both released statements expressing their sadness and sympathies to the Royal Family.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Death of HRH The Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh|url=https://www.parliament.uk/business/news/2021/april/joint-hc-hl-ukp-doe/|access-date=9 April 2021|website=www.parliament.uk|language=en}}</ref>

[[Archbishop of Canterbury]] [[Justin Welby]] said that he joined the rest of the United Kingdom and the Commonwealth in mourning and gave thanks to God for the "extraordinary life of dedicated service" of Prince Philip. Welby also said that "[Philip] was a master at putting people at their ease and making them feel special".<ref name="DomesticReactions" /> Other religious leaders offered similar condolences, including Cardinal [[Vincent Nichols]], head of the [[Catholic Church in England and Wales|Catholic Church in England & Wales]]; [[Zara Mohammed]], secretary general of the [[Muslim Council of Britain]]; and [[Ephraim Mirvis]], [[Chief Rabbi of the United Hebrew Congregations of the Commonwealth]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cardinal prays for the repose of the soul of Prince Philip |url=https://rcdow.org.uk/cardinal/news/cardinal-prays-for-the-repose-of-the-soul-of-prince-philip/ |access-date=9 April 2021 |website=rcdow.org.uk |language=en-gb}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=9 April 2021 |title=MCB sends its condolences on passing of the Duke of Edinburgh |url=https://mcb.org.uk/community/mcb-sends-its-condolences-on-passing-of-the-duke-of-edinburgh/ |access-date=9 April 2021 |website=Muslim Council of Britain (MCB) |language=en-US}}</ref>

=== Commonwealth ===
[[File:British Embassy Stockholm 2021-04-09.jpg|thumb|303x303px|The [[List of diplomatic missions of the United Kingdom|British]] & [[List of diplomatic missions of New Zealand|New Zealand Embassies]] in [[Stockholm]] with flags at [[half-mast]], on 9 April]]
As a senior member of the British royal family, Prince Philip was also a prominent figure in the [[Commonwealth of Nations]] and, particularly, the [[Commonwealth realms]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Dunham |first1=Jackie |title=Always by her side: The life of Prince Philip, the Queen's lasting love |url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/world/always-by-her-side-the-life-of-prince-philip-the-queen-s-lasting-love-1.5380659 |access-date=9 April 2021 |agency=[[CTV News]] |date=9 April 2021}}</ref>

* Australia: [[Governor-General of Australia| Governor-General]] [[David Hurley]] extended "deepest condolences" on behalf of Australians and thanked the Duke for his service.<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 April 2021 |title=Live: The world reacts to the death of Prince Philip |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-04-09/prince-philip-dead-live-queen-duke-of-edinburgh-royal-family/8496436#live-blog-post-1199762109 |access-date=9 April 2021 |website=www.abc.net.au |language=en-AU}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |title=The Governor General has made a statement following Prince Philip's death {{!}} ABC News |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=arCL_10Xmw4 |language=en |access-date=9 April 2021}}</ref> [[Prime Minister of Australia|Prime Minister]] [[Scott Morrison]] expressed similar sentiments,<ref name="bbcnews1" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=9 April 2021 |title=Live: The world reacts to the death of Prince Philip |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-04-09/prince-philip-dead-live-queen-duke-of-edinburgh-royal-family/8496436#live-blog-post-1199762636 |access-date=9 April 2021 |website=www.abc.net.au |language=en-AU}}</ref><ref>{{Cite tweet |number=1380482042152939525 |user=scottmorrisonmp |title=Statement on His Royal Highness The Duke of Edinburgh. |author=Scott Morrison}}</ref> as did former Prime Ministers [[Julia Gillard]], [[Kevin Rudd]], [[Malcolm Turnbull]] and [[Tony Abbott]].<ref>{{Cite tweet |number=1380484615324921865 |user=juliagillard |title=I have fond memories of spending time with Prince Philip. |author=Julia Gillard}}</ref><ref>{{Cite tweet |number=1380500419739185155 |user=mrkrudd |title=Our thoughts should all be with Her Majesty The Queen at this time. |author=Kevin Rudd}}</ref><ref>{{Cite tweet |number=1380504824983080963 |user=TurnbullMalcolm |title=Farewell Prince Philip |author=Malcolm Turnbull}}</ref><ref>{{Cite tweet |number=1380494574330671107 |user=hontonyabbott |title=Vale His Royal Highness The Duke Of Edinburgh |author=Tony Abbott}}</ref> Per protocol, the Australian flag is to be flown at half-mast on 10 April 2021, to mark mourning and respect for the Duke.<ref>{{Cite web |title=His Royal Highness the Duke of Edinburgh: Australian National Flag to fly at Half-Mast |url=https://www.pmc.gov.au/government/australian-national-flag/flag-network/his-royal-highness-duke-edinburgh |access-date=9 April 2021 |website=www.pmc.gov.au}}</ref>
* Canada: [[Prime Minister of Canada| Canadian Prime Minister]] [[Justin Trudeau]] issued a statement of mourning, as well as highlighting Prince Philip's commitment to Canada, including his links with the [[Canadian Armed Forces]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 April 2021 |title=Statement by the Prime Minister of Canada on the passing of The Duke of Edinburgh |url=https://pm.gc.ca/en/news/statements/2021/04/09/statement-prime-minister-canada-passing-duke-edinburgh |access-date=9 April 2021 |website=Prime Minister of Canada |language=en}}</ref> The [[Leader of the Official Opposition (Canada)|Leader of the Opposition]] [[Erin O'Toole]] also expressed similar remarks.<ref>{{Cite tweet |user=erinotoole|number=1380553096808570882|title=My statement on the passing of HRH Prince Philip.}}</ref> The Office of the [[Governor General of Canada|Governor General]] (due to the vacancy of the vice regal post) similarly expressed condolences to the Royal Family.<ref>{{Cite tweet |user=ggcanada |number=1380513775988707344 |title=An advocate for young people, volunteerism, wildlife conservation and more, the Duke of Edinburgh was a great friend of Canada. Our deepest condolences to Her Majesty The Queen and the members of the Royal Family.}}</ref> The national flag is to be flown at half-mast on federal buildings and establishments across Canada (most notable at the [[Peace Tower]] on [[Parliament Hill]] and [[Rideau Hall]]) and abroad at foreign missions, a measure expected to last until sunset on the day of the memorial service.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Heritage |first=Canadian |date=3 May 2018 |title=National Flag of Canada half-masting notices |url=https://www.canada.ca/en/canadian-heritage/services/half-masting-notices.html |access-date=9 April 2021 |website=aem}}</ref>
* India: [[Prime Minister of India| Indian Prime Minister]] [[Narendra Modi]] said his thoughts were "with the British people and the Royal Family on the passing away of HRH The Prince Philip" and praised the Duke's efforts in promoting community service initiatives.<ref>{{Cite web |title=PM Modi condoles death of UK's Prince Philip |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/world/asia/pm-modi-condoles-death-of-uks-prince-philip20210409173529/ |access-date=9 April 2021 |website=ANI News |language=en}}</ref><ref name="bbcnews1" />
* Kenya: [[President of Kenya]] [[Uhuru Kenyatta]] stated that Prince Philip was a "towering symbol of family values and the unity of the British people as well as the entire global community" and a man who had worked for the "peaceful co-existence of the human race". <ref name="auto">{{Cite web |date=9 April 2021 |title=Prince Philip: World leaders react to the death of the Duke of Edinburgh |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-56687736 |access-date=9 April 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref>
* Malta: [[Prime Minister of Malta|Maltese Prime Minister]] [[Robert Abela]] wrote in a statement: "Truly saddened by the loss of Prince Philip, who made Malta his home and returned here so often. Our people will always treasure his memory." <ref>{{Cite tweet |user=RobertAbela_MT |number=1380484896326582273 |title=Truly saddened by the loss of Prince Philip... |date=9 April 2021 |access-date=9 April 2021}}</ref><ref name="auto"/>
* New Zealand: [[Prime Minister of New Zealand|New Zealand Prime Minister]] [[Jacinda Ardern]] released a statement expressing condolences and directed that flags on government and naval buildings be flown at half-mast.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 April 2021 |title=World leaders react to news of Duke of Edinburgh's death |url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/world/440174/world-leaders-react-to-news-of-duke-of-edinburgh-s-death |access-date=9 April 2021 |website=RNZ |language=en-nz}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The Duke of Edinburgh |url=http://www.beehive.govt.nz/release/duke-edinburgh |access-date=9 April 2021 |website=The Beehive |language=en}}</ref>
* Pakistan: [[Prime Minister of Pakistan| Pakistani Prime Minister]] [[Imran Khan]] stated his condolences, saying that "Britain has lost a wise elder who was imbued with a unique spirit of public service."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Imran Khan on Twitter: "My condolences on the demise of HRH Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. Britain has lost a wise elder who was imbued with a unique spirit of public service. His role in promoting Pakistan-UK relations will always be remembered." |url=https://twitter.com/imrankhanpti/status/1380520014332239875 |url-status=live |access-date=9 April 2021 |website=Twitter |language=en}}</ref> The President of Pakistan stated that he was "deeply saddened" by his death and that Pakistan has lost a "sincere friend".<ref>{{Cite web |title=President of Pakistan on Twitter: "Deeply saddened on the passing away of HRH Prince Philip the Duke of Edinburgh. In his demise, Pakistan has lost a sincere friend. In this hour of grief, our thoughts and prayers go out to Her Majesty, the Queen, the Royal family, and people of the United Kingdom." |url=https://twitter.com/PresOfPakistan/status/1380527281119068167 |url-status=live |access-date=9 April 2021 |website=Twitter |language=en}}</ref>
* Tanzania: [[President of Tanzania]] [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]] gave her condolences through multiple messages on Twitter, first to the Queen and British people<ref>{{Cite tweet |number=1380513421158973442 |user=SuluhuSamia |title=On behalf or the Government and the People of the United Republic of Tanzania... |date=9 April 2021}}</ref> before adding a message of solidarity and prayer.<ref>{{Cite tweet |number=1380513422945714177 |user=SuluhuSamia |title=We stand with you during this difficult time of loss and mourning. |date=9 April 2021}}</ref><ref name="auto"/>

=== International ===

* Azerbaijan: President [[Ilham Aliyev]] extended his condolences, describing Philip as one who "faithfully served his native people".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://president.az/articles/51060|title=Böyük Britaniya və Şimali İrlandiyanın Kraliçası Ülyahəzrət II Elizabetə|work=Office of the President of Azerbaijan|date=9 April 2021|accessdate=9 April 2021|language=az}}</ref>
* Belgium: [[Philippe of Belgium|Philippe]] and [[Queen Mathilde of Belgium|Mathilde]], the [[Monarchy of Belgium|King]] and [[List of Belgian royal consorts|Queen of the Belgians]], expressed their condolences on Twitter, stating "We wish to express our deepest condolences to Her Majesty The Queen, the British Royal Family and the people of the United Kingdom."<ref>{{Cite tweet |user=MonarchieBe |number=1380497871716417545 |title=Deeply saddened by the passing away of His Royal Highness The Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. |date=9 Apr 2021|access-date=9 Apr 2021}}</ref>
* Bosnia and Herzegovina: [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Bosnia and Herzegovina)|Bosnian Foreign Minister]], [[Bisera Turković]], offered her deepest condolences and heartfelt sympathy to the Royal Family.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.klix.ba/vijesti/bih/bisera-turkovic-izrazila-saucesce-povodom-smrti-britanskog-princa-philipa/210409139|title=Bisera Turković izrazila saučešće povodom smrti britanskog princa Philipa|date=9 April 2021|access-date=9 April 2021|language=bs|author=N.C.|publisher=Klix.ba}}</ref>
* Denmark: Condolences were issued by [[Margrethe II of Denmark|Margrethe II]], the [[Monarchy of Denmark|Queen of Denmark]], a nation of which Philip was born a prince. It stated "Her Majesty the Queen has today sent personal condolences to Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II in connection with the death of His Royal Highness Prince Philip, the Duke of Edinburgh."<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 April 2021 |title=H.M. Dronningen sender kondolence |trans-title=H.M. The Queen sends her condolences |url=https://www.kongehuset.dk/nyheder/hm-dronningen-sender-kondolence |url-status=live |access-date=9 April 2021 |website=Kongehuset |language=da}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Dronning Margrethe har sendt en personlig kondolence efter prins Philips død |trans-title=Queen Margrethe has sent a personal condolence following the death of Prince Philip |url=https://www.dr.dk/nyheder/seneste/dronning-margrethe-har-sendt-en-personlig-kondolence-efter-prins-philips-doed |url-status=live |access-date=9 April 2021 |website=DR |language=da}}</ref>
* France: [[President of France|French President]] [[Emmanuel Macron]] expressed his condolences on Twitter, stating that Prince Philip "lived an exemplary life defined by bravery, a sense of duty and commitment to the youth and the environment".<ref>{{Cite tweet |user=EmmanuelMacron |number=1380546258402697218 |title=I wish to express my sincere condolences to Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth, The Royal Family and the British people... |date=9 Apr 2021|access-date=9 Apr 2021}}</ref> [[Ministry of Europe and Foreign Affairs|Foreign Minister]] [[Jean-Yves Le Drian]] said that the Duke was a man of "great style" and stated that "France joins in the sorrow of its friends across the Channel and salutes the life, at once European and British, of a man who was a witness to a century of trials and hopes for our continent."<ref>{{Cite tweet|user=JY_LeDrian|number=1380527302841360388|title=Après la disparition du Prince Philip...|date=9 April 2021|access-date=9 April 2021|language=fr}}</ref><ref name="auto"/>
* Germany: [[Chancellor of Germany|Chancellor]] [[Angela Merkel]] stated that Prince Philip's "friendship with Germany, his straightforward nature and his sense of duty will remain unforgotten."<ref name="auto"/>
* Guatemala: [[President of Guatemala|President]] [[Alejandro Giammattei]] offered his condolences to the Royal Family.<ref>{{Cite tweet|user=DrGiammattei|number=1380551901146648578|title=Presento mis condolencias a su majestad la Reina Isabel II y a toda la familia real británica ante el fallecimiento del Príncipe Felipe, Duque de Edimburgo. Nuestra solidaridad con el pueblo británico en estos momentos difíciles.|date=9 April 2021|access-date=9 April 2021|language=es}}</ref>
* Ireland: [[Taoiseach]] [[Micheál Martin]] and [[President of Ireland|Irish President]] [[Michael D. Higgins]] expressed sadness, giving their thoughts to the United Kingdom.<ref name="DomesticReactions" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Statement from President Higgins on the death of Prince Philip |url=https://president.ie/en/media-library/news-releases/statement-from-president-higgins-on-the-death-of-prince-philip |access-date=9 April 2021}}</ref>
* Israel: [[Israeli president|Israeli President]] [[Reuven Rivlin]] and [[Prime Minister of Israel|Israeli Prime Minister]] [[Benjamin Netanyahu]] stated their condolences, with Netanyahu saying "Prince Philip was the consummate public servant and will be much missed in Israel and across the world."<ref name="DomesticReactions" />
* Italy: [[President of Italy|President]] [[Sergio Mattarella]] offered his condolences and defined the Duke as "a sincere friend of the Italian People".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Prince Philip 'exemplary dedication' to Crown - Mattarella|url=https://www.ansa.it/english/news/2021/04/09/prince-philip-exemplary-dedication-to-crown-mattarella_5256c0f1-b9f6-4f52-a711-038059a06ff1.html|access-date=9 April 2021 |website=ANSA}}</ref>
* Lithuania: [[President of Lithuania|President]] [[Gitanas Nausėda]] and [[Prime Minister of Lithuania|Prime Minister]] [[Ingrida Šimonytė]] offered their condolences and expressed great sadness over the death.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lithuanian president, PM send condolences over death of Prince Philip|url=https://www.lrt.lt/en/news-in-english/19/1384495/lithuanian-president-pm-send-condolences-over-death-of-prince-philip|access-date=9 April 2021 |website=LRT}}</ref>
* Mexico: [[President of Mexico|Mexican President]] [[Andrés Manuel López Obrador]] expressed his condolences, saying, "On behalf of the Government and people of Mexico, I express our sincere condolences to Queen Elizabeth II, to family and friends, as well as to the British people. Rest in peace."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Presidente de México envía pésame al Reino Unido por muerte de príncipe Felipe |url=https://www.infobae.com/america/entretenimiento/2021/04/09/mexico-lamento-la-muerte-del-principe-felipe-amlo-envio-su-pesame-en-nombre-del-pueblo-y-del-gobierno/ |access-date=9 April 2021 |website=Infobae |language=es-MX}}</ref>
* Netherlands: King [[Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands|Willem-Alexander]], Queen [[Queen Máxima of the Netherlands|Máxima]] and Princess [[Beatrix of the Netherlands|Beatrix]] issued a press release stating "It is with great respect that we remember His Royal Highness Prince Philip. [...] Our deepest and most heartfelt sympathy goes out to Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth and all the members of the Royal Family."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Affairs |first=Ministry of General |date=9 April 2021 |title=Response by King Willem-Alexander, Queen Máxima and Princess Beatrix upon the death of Prince Philip – News item – Royal House of the Netherlands |url=https://www.royal-house.nl/latest/news/2021/04/09/response-by-king-willem-alexander-queen-maxima-and-princess-beatrix-upon-the-death-of-prince-philip |access-date=9 April 2021 |website=www.royal-house.nl |language=en-GB}}</ref> [[Mark Rutte]], [[Prime Minister of the Netherlands|Dutch Prime Minister]], expressed his condolences and sympathy.<ref>{{Cite tweet |number=1380502093266624519 |user=MinPres |title=On behalf of the government I have sent my condolences to prime minister @BorisJohnson on hearing the sad news of the death of His Royal Highness Prince Philip. Our thoughts and sympathy are with Britain's Royal Family and the British people at this time of mourning.}}</ref>
* Norway: [[Prime Minister of Norway|Norwegian Prime Minister]], [[Erna Solberg]], expressed her condolences and sadness,<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Olsson |first1=Svein Vestrum |last2=Kristensen |first2=Mette |date=9 April 2021 |title=Kong Harald kondolerer det britiske folk |language=no |work=[[NRK]] |url=https://www.nrk.no/urix/kong-harald-kondolerer-det-britiske-folk-1.15449736 |access-date=9 April 2021}}</ref> and [[Harald V of Norway|Harald V]], the [[Monarchy of Norway|King of Norway]], issued a press release sending condolences to the British royals and citizens.<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 April 2021 |title=Prince Philip: -Prince Philip has died |url=https://www.dagbladet.no/kjendis/prins-philip-er-dod/73422792 |publisher=[[Verdens Gang|VG]] |language=Norwegian |access-date=9 April 2021}}</ref>
* Philippines: [[President of the Philippines|Philippine President]] [[Rodrigo Duterte]] said "The Philippines and the United Kingdom have strong bilateral ties and we share the grief of the British people in this period of bereavement".<ref>{{Cite news |date=9 April 2021 |title=Duterte condoles with British royal family on Prince Philip's death |publisher=CNN Philippines |url=https://cnnphilippines.com/news/2021/4/9/duterte-prince-philip-death.html?fb&fbclid=IwAR0K5Gw09SnSIZTrUH2Iv6N7yS5qP96rVK7DxtC1JzjrLoBr7gimO9IyqiI}}</ref>
* Romania: Custodian of the Crown of Romania [[Margareta of Romania]] gave a long statement, expressing she was "deeply saddened by the passing of His Royal Highness Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh [...] All generations of the Romanian and British Royal Families were close, but, for today's generation, Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip stand as spiritual models and fundamental sources of inspiration."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ducele de Edinburg, In Memoriam {{!}} Familia Regală a României / Royal Family of Romania |url=https://www.romaniaregala.ro/jurnal/ducele-de-edinburg-in-memoriam/ |access-date=9 April 2021 |language=ro}}</ref> The [[President of Romania]], [[Klaus Iohannis]], released a statement, saying that he "learned with great sadness" about the passing of Philip, expressing his condolences and full confidence that history will honor the contribution of His Royal Highness.<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Iohannis |first=Klaus |author-link=Klaus Iohannis |user=KlausIohannis |number=1380494464364511233 |date=9 April 2021 |title=I learned with great sadness about the passing of His Royal Highness The Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. |access-date=9 April 2021}}</ref>
* Russia: [[Vladimir Putin]] sent a message conveying his condolences to the Royal Family.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Condolences to Elizabeth II, Queen of United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland|url=http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/65336|access-date=9 April 2021|website=President of Russia|language=en}}</ref>
* Spain: [[Felipe VI]] and [[Queen Letizia of Spain|Letizia]], the [[Monarchy of Spain|King]] and [[List of Spanish royal consorts|Queen of Spain]], telegrammed "Dear Aunt Lillibet" in mourning of "Dear Uncle Philip" stating "We shall never forget the moments that we shared with him and the legacy of service and dedication to the Crown and the United Kingdom by your side".<ref name="auto"/>
* Sweden: [[Carl XVI Gustaf]], the [[Monarchy of Sweden|King of Sweden]], issued a press release stating "[[Queen Silvia of Sweden|The Queen]] and I were deeply saddened to learn of the death of His Royal Highness [...] We offer our sincere condolences to Her Majesty The Queen, The Royal Family and the people of the United Kingdom."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Uttalande med anledning av H.K.H. Hertigens av Edinburgh frånfälle - Sveriges Kungahus |url=https://www.kungahuset.se/press/pressmeddelanden/aretspressmeddelanden/uttalandemedanledningavhkhhertigensavedinburghfranfalle.5.3d544ca01784aaa522d1174e.html |access-date=9 April 2021 |website=www.kungahuset.se |language=sv}}</ref>
* Switzerland: The [[President of the Swiss Confederation]] [[Guy Parmelin]] expressed his condolences on behalf of the Swiss people.<ref>{{Cite tweet |number=1380523749129252868 |user=ParmelinG |title=It was with sadness that I learned of the death of Prince Philip, the Duke of Edinburgh. |date=9 April 2021}}</ref>
* United States: [[President of the United States|President]] [[Joe Biden]] and [[First Lady of the United States|First Lady]] [[Jill Biden]] offered their condolences, saying that "Prince Philip's legacy will live on not only through his family, but in all the charitable endeavors he shaped."<ref>{{Cite tweet |user=POTUS |number=1380544282029883394 |title=Prince Philip’s legacy will live on not only through his family, but in all the charitable endeavors he shaped. Jill and I are keeping the Queen and Prince Philip’s children, grandchildren, great-grandchildren, and the people of the United Kingdom in our hearts during this time.}}</ref> Former President [[Barack Obama]] and former First Lady [[Michelle Obama]] offered their condolences, and talked about how the Duke "put [them] at ease with their grace and generosity, turning a ceremonial occasion into something far more natural, even comfortable". They went on to talk about Prince Philip's distinguished naval service and praised his ambition and selflessness.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Facebook|url=https://www.facebook.com/barackobama/photos/a.53081056748/10158565072381749/?type=3&theater|access-date=2021-04-09|website=www.facebook.com}}</ref> Former President [[George W. Bush]] said that "[Prince Philip] represented the United Kingdom with dignity" and "we know how much he will be missed."<ref name="DomesticReactions" /> Former President [[Bill Clinton]] and his wife, former Secretary of State [[Hillary Clinton]], also offered their condolences.<ref>{{cite news |title=The Latest: Ex-President Clinton, first lady offer sympathy |url=https://apnews.com/article/prince-philip-death-live-updates-7455081506e574620c1d80ab71a4aa69 |access-date=9 April 2021 |work=AP News |date=9 April 2021}}</ref> The [[Jimmy Carter Library and Museum]] shared an image of [[Jimmy Carter|Carter]] with Prince Philip on social media, and expressed condolences.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Brunner |first=Raven |date=9 April 2021 |title=Prince Philip has died: Queen Elizabeth II's husband passes away aged 99 |agency=[[Monsters and Critics]] |url=https://www.monstersandcritics.com/celebrity/prince-philip-has-died-queen-elizabeth-iis-husband-passes-away-aged-99/ |access-date=9 April 2021}}</ref> Former President [[Donald Trump]] expressed his condolences, saying that Philip’s death was "an irreplaceable loss for Great Britain, and for all who hold dear our civilization."<ref name="DomesticReactions" />

=== Supranational organisations ===

* European Union: The [[president of the European Commission]], [[Ursula von der Leyen]] released a brief statement, saying that she was "saddened" to hear of Philip's death, and expressing her "sincere sympathy to Her Majesty The Queen, the Royal Family and the people of the United Kingdom".<ref>{{Cite tweet |number=1380492510158544898 |user=vonderleyen |title=I am saddened to hear of the passing of His Royal Highness Prince Philip. |author=Ursula von der Leyen}}</ref>
* United Nations: A spokesperson for [[Secretary-General of the United Nations]] [[António Guterres]] said he was "saddened at the passing of His Royal Highness Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh" and "extends condolences to Her Majesty, the Queen, and to the people of the United Kingdom."<ref name=UN /> Guterres also paid "tribute to the Duke of Edinburgh for his active work for the betterment of humankind."<ref name=UN>{{Cite web |url=https://www.un.org/sg/en/content/sg/statement/2021-04-09/statement-the-spokesperson-for-the-secretary-general-the-death-of-prince-philip-the-duke-of-edinburgh |title=Statement by the Spokesperson for the Secretary-General - on the death of Prince Philip, the Duke of Edinburgh |date=9 April 2021 |website=[[United Nations]] |access-date=9 April 2021}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{State funerals in the United Kingdom}}
{{Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh}}

[[Category:2021 in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:2020s in Berkshire]]
[[Category:Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh]]
[[Category:April 2021 events in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Ceremonial funerals in the United Kingdom|Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh]]
[[Category:Death of men]]
[[Category:Events involving British royalty]]
[[Category:Funerals by person|Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh]]
[[Category:Windsor Castle]]

Death and funeral of Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh

2021-04-09T17:28:34Z

Willy3198: /* International */

{{Short description|Death and funeral proceedings of Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh}}
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{{Infobox event
| title = Death of Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh
| image = File:Prince Philip in Berlin 2015 (cropped).JPG
| image_upright =
| image_alt =
| caption = The Duke of Edinburgh in 2015
| time =
| timezone =
| date = 9 April 2021
| location =[[Windsor Castle]], [[United Kingdom]]
| cause =
| burial =
| url =
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| notes =
}}
[[Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh]], the husband of [[Queen Elizabeth II]] of the [[United Kingdom]] and the [[Commonwealth realm]]s, and the longest-serving [[List of British royal consorts|royal consort]] in British history, died at age 99 on the morning of 9 April 2021.<ref name="bbcnews1">{{Cite news |date=9 April 2021 |title=Prince Philip has died aged 99, Buckingham Palace announces |work=[[BBC News]] |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-11437314 |url-status=live |access-date=9 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210409111256/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-11437314 |archive-date=9 April 2021}}</ref> The cause of death has not been disclosed, though an official statement says he "died peacefully".<ref name="smh">{{Cite web |last=Shields |first=Bevan |date=9 April 2021 |title=Prince Philip dies in Windsor Castle aged 99 |url=https://www.smh.com.au/world/europe/prince-philip-dies-in-windsor-castle-aged-99-20200205-p53y58.html |website=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |access-date=9 April 2021}}</ref>

The Duke is entitled to a full [[State funerals in the United Kingdom|state funeral]], but had indicated a wish for minimal "fuss".<ref name=smh/><ref name=operationforthbridge/> His wishes are claimed to indicate a [[military funeral]] to be conducted at [[St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle|St George's Chapel]] and burial at [[Frogmore|Frogmore Gardens]], though burial at St George's Chapel would be more traditional.<ref name=operationforthbridge/>

==Health issues==
On 16 February 2021, Philip was admitted to [[King Edward VII's Hospital]] as a precautionary measure after feeling unwell. On 1 March, Philip was transferred to [[St Bartholomew's Hospital]] and on 3 March, he underwent a successful procedure for his existing heart condition.<ref>{{Cite news |date=4 March 2021 |title=Prince Philip recovering from successful heart procedure |work=[[BBC News]] |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/newsround/56278874 |access-date=9 April 2021}}</ref> On 5 March, he was transferred back to King Edward's,<ref>{{Cite news |date=5 March 2021 |title=Prince Philip transfers back to King Edward VII's Hospital |work=[[BBC News]] |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-56293518 |access-date=9 April 2021}}</ref> and on 16 March he was discharged.<ref>{{Cite news |date=16 March 2021 |title=Prince Philip: Duke of Edinburgh leaves hospital after a month |publisher=[[BBC News]] |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-56413762 |access-date=9 April 2021}}</ref>

==Operation Forth Bridge==
[[File:Flag at half mast following the death of HRH Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh at St James' Church, Wetherby (9th April 2021) 001 (cropped).jpg|thumb|left|Flag at [[half-mast]] at [[St James' Parish Church, Wetherby]], on 9 April]]
Named after [[Forth Bridge|a notable feature]] of the [[Edinburgh|city of his dukedom]], the national plan for publicly handling the Duke's death is called '''Operation Forth Bridge'''. Initiated upon his death, the plan included a [[press release]] issued by [[Buckingham Palace]] simultaneously to the [[BBC]] and [[PA Media|Press Association]]; protocol assumes the [[Lord Chamberlain]] consulted with the Queen prior to the press release. At the time of the release, flags were lowered to [[half-mast]], where they will remain for a period of national mourning. During this period, all UK television presenters must wear black.<ref name="operationforthbridge">{{Cite web |last=Traynor |first=Sian |date=22 February 2021 |title=Everything that will happen in 'Operation Forth Bridge' when Prince Philip dies |url=https://www.edinburghlive.co.uk/news/uk-world-news/operation-forth-bridge-everything-happen-19889779 |access-date=9 April 2021 |website=Edinburgh Live}}</ref> No public viewings are expected and no laws will be passed in an eight-day mourning period for the Prince.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mosalski |first=Ruth |date=9 April 2021 |title=Operation Forth Bridge: What happens now after Prince Philip's death |url=https://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/local-news/operation-forth-bridge-what-happens-12928762 |access-date=9 April 2021 |website=WalesOnline}}</ref>

The website of the [[British royal family|Royal Family]] temporarily removed all its content and replaced it with a black background, displaying a statement from the palace.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The British Monarchy |url=https://www.royal.uk/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210409110704/https://www.royal.uk/ |archive-date=9 April 2021 |access-date=9 April 2021 |website=The British Monarchy}}</ref>

==Reactions==

=== Domestic ===
[[File:Prince Philip Death Notice Holyroodhouse.jpg|thumb|300px|An official notice announcing the death of Prince Philip, posted outside the [[Holyrood Palace|Palace of Holyroodhouse]] in [[Edinburgh]]]]
[[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|Prime Minister]] [[Boris Johnson]], speaking from [[10 Downing Street]], expressed his condolences and stated that Prince Philip "helped to steer the Royal Family and the monarchy so that it remains an institution indisputably vital to the balance and happiness of our national life."<ref>{{Cite news |last=Eccleston |first=Ben |date=9 April 2021 |title=Reaction and updates: Prince Philip dies at age of 99 |work=Coventry Telegraph |url=https://www.coventrytelegraph.net/news/coventry-news/live-prince-philip-dies-age-20351271 |access-date=9 April 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=9 April 2021 |title=Tributes paid to Prince Philip |agency=[[BBC News]] |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/live/uk-30039262 |access-date=9 April 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=9 April 2021 |title=Boris Johnson speaks to nation after death of Prince Philip – video |work=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/video/2021/apr/09/boris-johnson-speaks-to-nation-after-death-of-prince-philip-video |access-date=9 April 2021}}</ref> The [[Leader of the Opposition (United Kingdom)|Leader of the Opposition]], [[Keir Starmer]]; [[First Minister of Scotland|Scottish First Minister]] [[Nicola Sturgeon]];<ref name="DomesticReactions">{{Cite news |date=9 April 2021 |title=Factbox: World reacts to death of Britain's Prince Philip |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-britain-royals-philip-reaction-factbo/factbox-world-reacts-to-death-of-britains-prince-philip-idUSKBN2BW1IA |access-date=9 April 2021}}</ref> [[First Minister of Wales|Welsh First Minister]] [[Mark Drakeford]];<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 April 2021 |title=First Minister of Wales pays tribute to The Duke of Edinburgh |url=https://gov.wales/first-minister-of-wales-pays-tribute-to-the-duke-of-edinburgh |access-date=9 April 2021}}</ref> [[First Minister and deputy First Minister of Northern Ireland|Northern Ireland First Minister]] [[Arlene Foster]];<ref>{{Cite news|title=Prince Philip 'widely respected' in Northern Ireland|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/av/uk-56692546|access-date=9 April 2021}}</ref> and former British Prime Ministers [[John Major]], [[Tony Blair]], [[Gordon Brown]], [[David Cameron]] and [[Theresa May]] all expressed similar sentiments.<ref name="DomesticReactions" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Statement from David Cameron, on the sad news that His Royal Highness The Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh has passed away |url=https://twitter.com/David_Cameron/status/1380506293371351044 |url-status=live |access-date=9 April 2021 |website=Twitter}}</ref><ref name="BrownMay">{{Cite news |date=9 April 2021 |title=Politicians mark 'extraordinary life' of Prince Philip |agency=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-56691199 |access-date=9 April 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2021/apr/09/boris-johnson-tribute-prince-philip-ethic-service-duke-edinburgh|title=Boris Johnson pays tribute to Prince Philip’s ‘ethic of service’|date=9 April 2021|website=the Guardian|accessdate=9 April 2021}}</ref> [[Mayor of London]], [[Sadiq Khan]], said he was "grateful" for the contribution Prince Philip had made to the city.<ref>{{Cite news |date=9 April 2021 |title=Latest Updates: Reaction to Prince Philip's Death |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/live/2021/04/09/world/prince-philip-dead-updates |access-date=9 April 2021}}</ref> The [[Lindsay Hoyle|Speaker of the House of Commons]] and the [[Norman Fowler, Baron Fowler|Lord Speaker]] both released statements expressing their sadness and sympathies to the Royal Family. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Death of HRH The Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh|url=https://www.parliament.uk/business/news/2021/april/joint-hc-hl-ukp-doe/|access-date=9 April 2021|website=www.parliament.uk|language=en}}</ref>

[[Archbishop of Canterbury]] [[Justin Welby]] said that he joined the rest of the United Kingdom and the Commonwealth in mourning and gave thanks to God for the "extraordinary life of dedicated service" of Prince Philip. Welby also said that "[Philip] was a master at putting people at their ease and making them feel special".<ref name="DomesticReactions" /> Other religious leaders offered similar condolences, including Cardinal [[Vincent Nichols]], head of the [[Catholic Church in England and Wales|Catholic Church in England & Wales]]; [[Zara Mohammed]], secretary general of the [[Muslim Council of Britain]]; and [[Ephraim Mirvis]], [[Chief Rabbi of the United Hebrew Congregations of the Commonwealth]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cardinal prays for the repose of the soul of Prince Philip |url=https://rcdow.org.uk/cardinal/news/cardinal-prays-for-the-repose-of-the-soul-of-prince-philip/ |access-date=9 April 2021 |website=rcdow.org.uk |language=en-gb}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=9 April 2021 |title=MCB sends its condolences on passing of the Duke of Edinburgh |url=https://mcb.org.uk/community/mcb-sends-its-condolences-on-passing-of-the-duke-of-edinburgh/ |access-date=9 April 2021 |website=Muslim Council of Britain (MCB) |language=en-US}}</ref>

=== Commonwealth ===

As a senior member of the British royal family, Prince Philip was also a prominent figure in the [[Commonwealth of Nations]] and, particularly, the [[Commonwealth realms]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Dunham |first1=Jackie |title=Always by her side: The life of Prince Philip, the Queen's lasting love |url=https://www.ctvnews.ca/world/always-by-her-side-the-life-of-prince-philip-the-queen-s-lasting-love-1.5380659 |access-date=9 April 2021 |agency=[[CTV News]] |date=9 April 2021}}</ref>

* {{Flag|Australia}}: [[Governor-General of Australia| Governor-General]] [[David Hurley]] extended "deepest condolences" on behalf of Australians and thanked the Duke for his service.<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 April 2021 |title=Live: The world reacts to the death of Prince Philip |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-04-09/prince-philip-dead-live-queen-duke-of-edinburgh-royal-family/8496436#live-blog-post-1199762109 |access-date=9 April 2021 |website=www.abc.net.au |language=en-AU}}</ref><ref>{{Citation |title=The Governor General has made a statement following Prince Philip's death {{!}} ABC News |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=arCL_10Xmw4 |language=en |access-date=9 April 2021}}</ref> [[Prime Minister of Australia|Prime Minister]] [[Scott Morrison]] expressed similar sentiments,<ref name="bbcnews1" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=9 April 2021 |title=Live: The world reacts to the death of Prince Philip |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-04-09/prince-philip-dead-live-queen-duke-of-edinburgh-royal-family/8496436#live-blog-post-1199762636 |access-date=9 April 2021 |website=www.abc.net.au |language=en-AU}}</ref><ref>{{Cite tweet |number=1380482042152939525 |user=scottmorrisonmp |title=Statement on His Royal Highness The Duke of Edinburgh. |author=Scott Morrison}}</ref> as did former Prime Ministers [[Julia Gillard]], [[Kevin Rudd]], [[Malcolm Turnbull]] and [[Tony Abbott]].<ref>{{Cite tweet |number=1380484615324921865 |user=juliagillard |title=I have fond memories of spending time with Prince Philip. |author=Julia Gillard}}</ref><ref>{{Cite tweet |number=1380500419739185155 |user=mrkrudd |title=Our thoughts should all be with Her Majesty The Queen at this time. |author=Kevin Rudd}}</ref><ref>{{Cite tweet |number=1380504824983080963 |user=TurnbullMalcolm |title=Farewell Prince Philip |author=Malcolm Turnbull}}</ref><ref>{{Cite tweet |number=1380494574330671107 |user=hontonyabbott |title=Vale His Royal Highness The Duke Of Edinburgh |author=Tony Abbott}}</ref> Per protocol, the Australian flag is to be flown at half-mast on 10 April 2021, to mark mourning and respect for the Duke.<ref>{{Cite web |title=His Royal Highness the Duke of Edinburgh: Australian National Flag to fly at Half-Mast |url=https://www.pmc.gov.au/government/australian-national-flag/flag-network/his-royal-highness-duke-edinburgh |access-date=9 April 2021 |website=www.pmc.gov.au}}</ref>
* {{Flag|Canada}}: [[Prime Minister of Canada| Canadian Prime Minister]] [[Justin Trudeau]] issued a statement of mourning, as well as highlighting Prince Philip's commitment to Canada, including his links with the [[Canadian Armed Forces]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 April 2021 |title=Statement by the Prime Minister of Canada on the passing of The Duke of Edinburgh |url=https://pm.gc.ca/en/news/statements/2021/04/09/statement-prime-minister-canada-passing-duke-edinburgh |access-date=9 April 2021 |website=Prime Minister of Canada |language=en}}</ref> The [[Leader of the Official Opposition (Canada)|Leader of the Opposition]] [[Erin O'Toole]] also expressed similar remarks.<ref>{{Cite tweet |user=erinotoole|number=1380553096808570882|title=My statement on the passing of HRH Prince Philip.}}</ref> The Office of the Governor General similarly expressed condolences to the Royal Family.<ref>{{Cite tweet |user=ggcanada |number=1380513775988707344 |title=An advocate for young people, volunteerism, wildlife conservation and more, the Duke of Edinburgh was a great friend of Canada. Our deepest condolences to Her Majesty The Queen and the members of the Royal Family.}}</ref> The national flag is to be flown at half-mast, a measure expected to last until sunset on the day of the memorial service.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Heritage |first=Canadian |date=3 May 2018 |title=National Flag of Canada half-masting notices |url=https://www.canada.ca/en/canadian-heritage/services/half-masting-notices.html |access-date=9 April 2021 |website=aem}}</ref>
* {{Flag|India}}: [[Prime Minister of India| Indian Prime Minister]] [[Narendra Modi]] said his thoughts were "with the British people and the Royal Family on the passing away of HRH The Prince Philip" and praised the Duke's efforts in promoting community service initiatives.<ref>{{Cite web |title=PM Modi condoles death of UK's Prince Philip |url=https://www.aninews.in/news/world/asia/pm-modi-condoles-death-of-uks-prince-philip20210409173529/ |access-date=9 April 2021 |website=ANI News |language=en}}</ref><ref name="bbcnews1" />
* {{Flag|Kenya}}: [[President of Kenya]] [[Uhuru Kenyatta]] stated that Prince Philip was a "towering symbol of family values and the unity of the British people as well as the entire global community" and a man who had worked for the "peaceful co-existence of the human race". <ref name="auto">{{Cite web |date=9 April 2021 |title=Prince Philip: World leaders react to the death of the Duke of Edinburgh |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-56687736 |access-date=9 April 2021 |website=BBC News}}</ref>
* {{Flag|Malta}}: [[Prime Minister of Malta|Maltese Prime Minister]] [[Robert Abela]] wrote in a statement: "Truly saddened by the loss of Prince Philip, who made Malta his home and returned here so often. Our people will always treasure his memory." <ref>{{Cite tweet |user=RobertAbela_MT |number=1380484896326582273 |title=Truly saddened by the loss of Prince Philip... |date=9 April 2021 |access-date=9 April 2021}}</ref><ref name="auto"/>
* {{Flag|New Zealand}}: [[Prime Minister of New Zealand|New Zealand Prime Minister]] [[Jacinda Ardern]] released a statement expressing condolences and directed that flags on government and naval buildings be flown at half-mast.<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 April 2021 |title=World leaders react to news of Duke of Edinburgh's death |url=https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/world/440174/world-leaders-react-to-news-of-duke-of-edinburgh-s-death |access-date=9 April 2021 |website=RNZ |language=en-nz}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=The Duke of Edinburgh |url=http://www.beehive.govt.nz/release/duke-edinburgh |access-date=9 April 2021 |website=The Beehive |language=en}}</ref>
* {{Flag|Pakistan}}: [[Prime Minister of Pakistan| Pakistani Prime Minister]] [[Imran Khan]] stated his condolences, saying that "Britain has lost a wise elder who was imbued with a unique spirit of public service."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Imran Khan on Twitter: "My condolences on the demise of HRH Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. Britain has lost a wise elder who was imbued with a unique spirit of public service. His role in promoting Pakistan-UK relations will always be remembered." |url=https://twitter.com/imrankhanpti/status/1380520014332239875 |url-status=live |access-date=9 April 2021 |website=Twitter |language=en}}</ref>
* {{Flag|Tanzania}}: [[President of Tanzania]] [[Samia Suluhu Hassan]] gave her condolences through multiple messages on Twitter, first to the Queen and British people<ref>{{Cite tweet |number=1380513421158973442 |user=SuluhuSamia |title=On behalf or the Government and the People of the United Republic of Tanzania... |date=9 April 2021}}</ref> before adding a message of solidarity and prayer.<ref>{{Cite tweet |number=1380513422945714177 |user=SuluhuSamia |title=We stand with you during this difficult time of loss and mourning. |date=9 April 2021}}</ref><ref name="auto"/>

=== International ===


* {{Flag|Denmark}}: Condolences were issued by [[Margrethe II of Denmark|Margrethe II]], the [[Monarchy of Denmark|Queen of Denmark]], a nation of which Philip was born a prince. It stated "Her Majesty the Queen has today sent personal condolences to Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II in connection with the death of His Royal Highness Prince Philip, the Duke of Edinburgh."<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 April 2021 |title=H.M. Dronningen sender kondolence |trans-title=H.M. The Queen sends her condolences |url=https://www.kongehuset.dk/nyheder/hm-dronningen-sender-kondolence |url-status=live |access-date=9 April 2021 |website=Kongehuset |language=da}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Dronning Margrethe har sendt en personlig kondolence efter prins Philips død |trans-title=Queen Margrethe has sent a personal condolence following the death of Prince Philip |url=https://www.dr.dk/nyheder/seneste/dronning-margrethe-har-sendt-en-personlig-kondolence-efter-prins-philips-doed |url-status=live |access-date=9 April 2021 |website=DR |language=da}}</ref>
* {{Flag|France}}: [[President of France|French President]] [[Emmanuel Macron]] expressed his condolences on Twitter, stating that Prince Philip "lived an exemplary life defined by bravery, a sense of duty and commitment to the youth and the environment".<ref>{{Cite tweet |user=EmmanuelMacron |number=1380546258402697218 |title=I wish to express my sincere condolences to Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth, The Royal Family and the British people... |date=9 Apr 2021|access-date=9 Apr 2021}}</ref> [[Ministry of Europe and Foreign Affairs|Foreign Minister]] [[Jean-Yves Le Drian]] said that the Duke was a man of "great style" and stated that "France joins in the sorrow of its friends across the Channel and salutes the life, at once European and British, of a man who was a witness to a century of trials and hopes for our continent."<ref>{{Cite tweet|user=JY_LeDrian|number=1380527302841360388|title=Après la disparition du Prince Philip...|date=9 April 2021|access-date=9 April 2021|language=fr}}</ref><ref name="auto"/>
* {{Flag|Germany}}: [[Chancellor of Germany|Chancellor]] [[Angela Merkel]] stated that Prince Philip's "friendship with Germany, his straightforward nature and his sense of duty will remain unforgotten."<ref name="auto"/>
* {{Flag|Guatemala}}: [[President of Guatemala|President]] [[Alejandro Giammattei]] offered his condolences to the Royal Family.<ref>{{Cite tweet|user=DrGiammattei|number=1380551901146648578|title=Presento mis condolencias a su majestad la Reina Isabel II y a toda la familia real británica ante el fallecimiento del Príncipe Felipe, Duque de Edimburgo. Nuestra solidaridad con el pueblo británico en estos momentos difíciles.|date=9 April 2021|access-date=9 April 2021|language=es}}</ref>
* {{Flag|Ireland}}: [[Taoiseach]] [[Micheál Martin]] and [[President of Ireland|Irish President]] [[Michael D. Higgins]] expressed sadness, giving their thoughts to the United Kingdom.<ref name="DomesticReactions" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Statement from President Higgins on the death of Prince Philip |url=https://president.ie/en/media-library/news-releases/statement-from-president-higgins-on-the-death-of-prince-philip |access-date=9 April 2021}}</ref>
* {{Flag|Israel}}: [[Israeli president|Israeli President]] [[Reuven Rivlin]] and [[Prime Minister of Israel|Israeli Prime Minister]] [[Benjamin Netanyahu]] stated their condolences, with Netanyahu saying "Prince Philip was the consummate public servant and will be much missed in Israel and across the world."<ref name="DomesticReactions" />
* {{Flag|Italy}}: [[President of Italy|President]] [[Sergio Mattarella]] offered his condolences and defined the Duke as "a friend of the Italian People".
* {{Flag|Lithuania}}: [[President of Lithuania|President]] [[Gitanas Nausėda]] and [[Prime Minister of Lithuania|Prime Minister]] [[Ingrida Šimonytė]] offered their condolences and expressed great sadness over the death.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lithuanian president, PM send condolences over death of Prince Philip|url=https://www.lrt.lt/en/news-in-english/19/1384495/lithuanian-president-pm-send-condolences-over-death-of-prince-philip|access-date=9 April 2021 |website=LRT}}</ref>
* {{Flag|Mexico}}: [[President of Mexico|Mexican President]] [[Andrés Manuel López Obrador]] expressed his condolences, saying, "On behalf of the Government and people of Mexico, I express our sincere condolences to Queen Elizabeth II, to family and friends, as well as to the British people. Rest in peace."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Presidente de México envía pésame al Reino Unido por muerte de príncipe Felipe |url=https://www.infobae.com/america/entretenimiento/2021/04/09/mexico-lamento-la-muerte-del-principe-felipe-amlo-envio-su-pesame-en-nombre-del-pueblo-y-del-gobierno/ |access-date=9 April 2021 |website=Infobae |language=es-MX}}</ref>
* {{Flag|Netherlands}}: King [[Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands|Willem-Alexander]], Queen [[Queen Máxima of the Netherlands|Máxima]] and Princess [[Beatrix of the Netherlands|Beatrix]] issued a press release stating "It is with great respect that we remember His Royal Highness Prince Philip. [...] Our deepest and most heartfelt sympathy goes out to Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth and all the members of the Royal Family."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Affairs |first=Ministry of General |date=9 April 2021 |title=Response by King Willem-Alexander, Queen Máxima and Princess Beatrix upon the death of Prince Philip – News item – Royal House of the Netherlands |url=https://www.royal-house.nl/latest/news/2021/04/09/response-by-king-willem-alexander-queen-maxima-and-princess-beatrix-upon-the-death-of-prince-philip |access-date=9 April 2021 |website=www.royal-house.nl |language=en-GB}}</ref> [[Mark Rutte]], [[Prime Minister of the Netherlands|Dutch Prime Minister]], expressed his condolences and sympathy.<ref>{{Cite tweet |number=1380502093266624519 |user=MinPres |title=On behalf of the government I have sent my condolences to prime minister @BorisJohnson on hearing the sad news of the death of His Royal Highness Prince Philip. Our thoughts and sympathy are with Britain's Royal Family and the British people at this time of mourning.}}</ref>
* {{Flag|Norway}}: [[Prime Minister of Norway|Norwegian Prime Minister]], [[Erna Solberg]], expressed her condolences and sadness,<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Olsson |first1=Svein Vestrum |last2=Kristensen |first2=Mette |date=9 April 2021 |title=Kong Harald kondolerer det britiske folk |language=no |work=[[NRK]] |url=https://www.nrk.no/urix/kong-harald-kondolerer-det-britiske-folk-1.15449736 |access-date=9 April 2021}}</ref> and [[Harald V of Norway|Harald V]], the [[Monarchy of Norway|King of Norway]], issued a press release sending condolences to the British royals and citizens.<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 April 2021 |title=Prince Philip: -Prince Philip has died |url=https://www.dagbladet.no/kjendis/prins-philip-er-dod/73422792 |publisher=[[Verdens Gang|VG]] |language=Norwegian |access-date=9 April 2021}}</ref>
* {{Flag|Philippines}}: [[President of the Philippines|Philippine President]] [[Rodrigo Duterte]] said "The Philippines and the United Kingdom have strong bilateral ties and we share the grief of the British people in this period of bereavement".<ref>{{Cite news |date=9 April 2021 |title=Duterte condoles with British royal family on Prince Philip's death |publisher=CNN Philippines |url=https://cnnphilippines.com/news/2021/4/9/duterte-prince-philip-death.html?fb&fbclid=IwAR0K5Gw09SnSIZTrUH2Iv6N7yS5qP96rVK7DxtC1JzjrLoBr7gimO9IyqiI}}</ref>
* {{Flag|Romania}}: Custodian of the Crown of Romania [[Margareta of Romania]] gave a long statement, expressing she was "deeply saddened by the passing of His Royal Highness Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh [...] All generations of the Romanian and British Royal Families were close, but, for today's generation, Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip stand as spiritual models and fundamental sources of inspiration."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ducele de Edinburg, In Memoriam {{!}} Familia Regală a României / Royal Family of Romania |url=https://www.romaniaregala.ro/jurnal/ducele-de-edinburg-in-memoriam/ |access-date=9 April 2021 |language=ro}}</ref> The [[President of Romania]], [[Klaus Iohannis]], released a statement, saying that he "learned with great sadness" about the passing of Philip, expressing his condolences and full confidence that history will honor the contribution of His Royal Highness.<ref>{{Cite tweet |last=Iohannis |first=Klaus |author-link=Klaus Iohannis |user=KlausIohannis |number=1380494464364511233 |date=9 April 2021 |title=I learned with great sadness about the passing of His Royal Highness The Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. |access-date=9 April 2021}}</ref>
* {{Flag|Russia}}: [[Vladimir Putin]] sent a message conveying his condolences to the Royal Family.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Condolences to Elizabeth II, Queen of United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland|url=http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/65336|access-date=9 April 2021|website=President of Russia|language=en}}</ref>
* {{Flag|Spain}}: [[Felipe VI]] and [[Queen Letizia of Spain]] telegrammed "Dear Aunt Lillibet" in mourning of "Dear Uncle Philip" stating "We shall never forget the moments that we shared with him and the legacy of service and dedication to the Crown and the United Kingdom by your side". <ref name="auto"/>
* {{Flag|Sweden}}: [[Carl XVI Gustaf]], the [[Monarchy of Sweden|King of Sweden]], issued a press release stating "[[Queen Silvia of Sweden|The Queen]] and I were deeply saddened to learn of the death of His Royal Highness [...] We offer our sincere condolences to Her Majesty The Queen, The Royal Family and the people of the United Kingdom."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Uttalande med anledning av H.K.H. Hertigens av Edinburgh frånfälle - Sveriges Kungahus |url=https://www.kungahuset.se/press/pressmeddelanden/aretspressmeddelanden/uttalandemedanledningavhkhhertigensavedinburghfranfalle.5.3d544ca01784aaa522d1174e.html |access-date=9 April 2021 |website=www.kungahuset.se |language=sv}}</ref>
* {{Flag|Switzerland}}: The [[President of the Swiss Confederation]] [[Guy Parmelin]] expressed his condolences on behalf of the Swiss people.<ref>{{Cite tweet |number=1380523749129252868 |user=ParmelinG |title=It was with sadness that I learned of the death of Prince Philip, the Duke of Edinburgh. |date=9 April 2021}}</ref>
* {{Flag|United States}}: [[President of the United States|President]] [[Joe Biden]] and [[First Lady of the United States|First Lady]] [[Jill Biden]] offered their condolences, saying that "Prince Philip's legacy will live on not only through his family, but in all the charitable endeavors he shaped."<ref>{{Cite tweet |user=POTUS |number=1380544282029883394 |title=Prince Philip’s legacy will live on not only through his family, but in all the charitable endeavors he shaped. Jill and I are keeping the Queen and Prince Philip’s children, grandchildren, great-grandchildren, and the people of the United Kingdom in our hearts during this time.}}</ref> Former President [[George W. Bush]] said that "[Prince Philip] represented the United Kingdom with dignity" and "we know how much he will be missed."<ref name="DomesticReactions" /> The [[Jimmy Carter Library and Museum]] shared an image of [[Jimmy Carter|Carter]] with Prince Philip on social media, and expressed condolences.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Brunner |first=Raven |date=9 April 2021 |title=Prince Philip has died: Queen Elizabeth II's husband passes away aged 99 |agency=[[Monsters and Critics]] |url=https://www.monstersandcritics.com/celebrity/prince-philip-has-died-queen-elizabeth-iis-husband-passes-away-aged-99/ |access-date=9 April 2021}}</ref> Former President [[Bill Clinton]] and his wife, former Secretary of State [[Hillary Clinton]], also offered their condolences.<ref>{{cite news |title=The Latest: Ex-President Clinton, first lady offer sympathy |url=https://apnews.com/article/prince-philip-death-live-updates-7455081506e574620c1d80ab71a4aa69 |access-date=9 April 2021 |work=AP News |date=9 April 2021}}</ref> Former President [[Barack Obama]] and former First Lady [[Michelle Obama]] offered their condolences, and talked about how the Duke "put [them] at ease with their grace and generosity, turning a ceremonial occasion into something far more natural, even comfortable". They went on to talk about Prince Philip's distinguished naval service and praised his ambition and selflessness.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Facebook|url=https://www.facebook.com/barackobama/photos/a.53081056748/10158565072381749/?type=3&theater|access-date=2021-04-09|website=www.facebook.com}}</ref>

=== Supranational organisations ===

* {{Flag|European Union}}: The [[President of the European Commission]], [[Ursula von der Leyen]] released a brief statement, saying that she was "saddened" to hear of Philip's death, and expressing her "sincere sympathy to Her Majesty The Queen, the Royal Family and the people of the United Kingdom".<ref>{{Cite tweet |number=1380492510158544898 |user=vonderleyen |title=I am saddened to hear of the passing of His Royal Highness Prince Philip. |author=Ursula von der Leyen}}</ref>
* {{Flag|United Nations}}: A spokesperson for [[Secretary-General of the United Nations]] [[António Guterres]] said he was "saddened at the passing of His Royal Highness Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh" and "extends condolences to Her Majesty, the Queen, and to the people of the United Kingdom."<ref name=UN /> Guterres also paid "tribute to the Duke of Edinburgh for his active work for the betterment of humankind."<ref name=UN>{{Cite web |url=https://www.un.org/sg/en/content/sg/statement/2021-04-09/statement-the-spokesperson-for-the-secretary-general-the-death-of-prince-philip-the-duke-of-edinburgh |title=Statement by the Spokesperson for the Secretary-General - on the death of Prince Philip, the Duke of Edinburgh |date=9 April 2021 |website=[[United Nations]] |access-date=9 April 2021}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{State funerals in the United Kingdom}}
{{Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh}}

[[Category:2021 in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:2020s in Berkshire]]
[[Category:Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh]]
[[Category:April 2021 events in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Ceremonial funerals in the United Kingdom|Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh]]
[[Category:Death of men]]
[[Category:Events involving British royalty]]
[[Category:Funerals by person|Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh]]

List of shipwrecks in 2021

2021-03-26T21:42:32Z

Willy3198: /* 24 March */

The '''list of shipwrecks in 2021''' includes ships sunk, foundered, grounded, or otherwise lost during [[2021]].{{dynamic list}}{{shipwreck list toc|ud=}}

==January==

=== 2 January ===
{{shipwreck list begin |date=2 January 2020 |sort=}}
{{shipwreck list item
|ship=''Yong Yu Sing No. 18''
|flag={{flag|Taiwan}}
|desc=The [[fishing boat]] — which had lost contact with Taiwanese authorities on 30 December 2020 — was spotted floating near [[Midway Island]]. Upon further inspection by the [[United States Coast Guard]], a [[Lifeboat (shipboard)|lifeboat]] was missing, as were all ten crew. The ship was also damaged in what looked to be a collision. The boat was left adrift in the Pacific Ocean, and the U.S. Coast Guard continued to search for the missing crew. Of the ten on board, nine are of Indonesian nationality, and the [[Sea captain|captain]] is Taiwanese.<ref name=Nov>{{cite web |url=https://www.fleetmon.com/maritime-news/2021/32213/fishing-vessel-adrift-deep-pacific-10-crew-missing/ |title=Fishing vessel adrift deep in the Pacific, 10 crew missing |publisher=Fleetmon |date=5 January 2021 |access-date=13 January 2021 }}</ref><ref name=Novi>{{cite web |url=https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/4097057 |title=US promises to continue search for crew on missing Taiwan fishing boat |publisher=Taiwan News |date=8 January 2021 |access-date=13 January 2021 }}</ref>
}}
{{shipwreck list end}}

===12 January===
{{shipwreck list begin |date=12 January 2020 |sort=}}
{{shipwreck list item
|ship=''Manoling 2''
|flag={{flag|Philippines}}
|desc=A [[ferry]] with 78 people aboard ran ground near [[Danao City]], [[Cebu]], Philippines. All on board were safe and disembarked. Around 26 people were still on board as of 12 January.<ref name=Sepi>{{cite web |url=https://www.fleetmon.com/maritime-news/2021/32249/ferry-aground-some-passengers-and-crew-still-board/ |title=Ferry aground, some passengers and crew still on board, Philippines. |publisher=FleetMonr|date=12 January 2021 |access-date=13 January 2021 }}</ref> By 13 January, all passengers and crew had been evacuated, and the ship had been towed to a safe position. The [[Philippine Coast Guard]] began the process of removing the ship, and taking it to a repair yard.<ref name=Sep>{{cite web |url=https://www.bairdmaritime.com/work-boat-world/passenger-vessel-world/ro-pax/philippine-coast-guard-partners-respond-to-ferry-grounding-in-cebu/ |title=Philippine Coast Guard, Partners Respond to Ferry Grounding in Cebu |publisher=Baird Maritime |date=13 January 2021 |access-date=13 January 2021 }}</ref>
}}
{{shipwreck list item
|ship={{ship|PNS|Shah Jahan|D-186|6}}
|flag={{navy|Pakistan}}
|desc=The {{sclass-|Tariq|destroyer}} was sunk as a target in the [[Arabian Sea]].
}}
{{shipwreck list item
|ship=Unidentified barge
|flag={{flag|Democratic Republic of the Congo}}
|desc=A [[barge]] carrying 262 people capsized in the [[Congo River]] killing six people and leaving 19 missing.<ref name=Brecorder40050332>{{cite web |url=https://www.brecorder.com/news/40050332/six-dead-19-missing-in-congo-river-barge-sinking |title=Six dead, 19 missing in Congo River barge sinking |publisher=Business Recorder |date=12 January 2021 |access-date=13 January 2021 }}</ref>
}}
{{shipwreck list end}}

===13 January===
{{shipwreck list begin |date=13 January 2021 |sort=}}
{{shipwreck list item
|ship= {{MV|Yong Feng|1984|2}}
|flag={{flag|Panama}}
|desc=The [[bulk carrier]] was abandoned in the [[Phillipine Sea]] {{convert|400|nmi|lk=in}} south east of [[Miyakojima]], Japan. Her 22 crew were rescued by a Taiwanese fishing vessel. She was on a voyage from Papua New Guinea to China.<ref name=Fleetmon32253>{{cite web |url=https://www.fleetmon.com/maritime-news/2021/32253/bulk-carrier-sinking-pacific-22-crew-went-lifeboat/ |title=Bulk carrier sinking in the Pacific, 22 crew went to lifeboat UPDATES |first=Mikhail |last=Voychenko |publisher=Fleetmon |access-date=13 January 2021 }}</ref>
}}
{{shipwreck list end}}

===17 January===
{{shipwreck list begin |date=17 January 2021 |sort=}}
{{shipwreck list item
|ship={{MV|Arvin||2}}
|flag={{Flag|Palau}}
|desc=The river/sea [[cargo ship]] apparently broke in two, or was swamped, and sank in a storm at [[Bartin]], Turkey. Out of the 13 people on board 4 were killed, 3 remain missing and 6 were rescued. 11 on board are Ukrainian, and 2 are Russian.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fleetmon.com/maritime-news/2021/32305/ukrainian-cargo-ship-sank-or-sinking-bartin-anchor/ |title=Ukrainian cargo ship sank or sinking at Bartin anchorage UPDATE |publisher=Fleetmon |access-date=17 January 2021 }}</ref><ref name=MarineInsight>{{cite tweet |number=1355631853747625984 |title=Mayday Mayday - My Vessel Broke |user=MarineInsight |date=30 January 2021 |accessdate=31 January 2021}} (video of incident)</ref>
}}
{{shipwreck list item
|ship={{MV|Mermaid Challenger||2}}
|flag={{Flag|Panama}}
|desc=The [[Platform supply vessel|offshore supply]] [[Tugboat|tug]] developed a leak and sank in the [[Sulu Sea]] off [[Segama]], [[Lahad Datu District]], [[Borneo]]. Her crew of seven were rescued by the [[Royal Malaysian Navy]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fleetmon.com/maritime-news/2021/32325/offshore-supply-tug-sank-sulu-sea-northeast-borneo/ |title=Offshore supply tug sank in Sulu- Sea, northeast Borneo |publisher=Fleetmon |access-date=18 January 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.marinetraffic.com/en/ais/details/ships/shipid:415264/mmsi:354799000/imo:9383637/vessel:MERMAID_CHALLENGER |title=Mermaid Chllenger |publisher=Maritime traffic |access-date=18 January 2021 }}</ref>
}}
{{shipwreck list end}}

===18 January===
{{shipwreck list begin |date=18 January 2021 |sort=}}
{{shipwreck list item
|ship={{ship||HM Foundation}}
|flag={{flag|Philippines}}
|desc=The derelict [[cargo ship]] was found ashore on [[Xijiyu Island]], [[South Penghu Marine National Park]], [[Taiwan]], in the [[Taiwan Strait]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fleetmon.com/maritime-news/2021/32321/ghost-ship-beached-penghu-islands-coast-taiwan-str/ |title=Ghost ship beached on Penghu Islands coast Taiwan Strait VIDEO |publisher=Fleetmon |access-date=18 January 2021 }}</ref>
}}
{{shipwreck list end}}

===20 January===
{{shipwreck list begin |date=20 January 2021 |sort=}}
{{shipwreck list item
|ship=Unidentified refugee ship
|flag={{Flag|Libya}}
|desc=A refugee ship sank off Libya killing 43 people. 10 people were rescued.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20210120-at-least-43-african-migrants-drown-off-libya-un-agencies-say |title=At least 43 African migrants drown off Libya, UN agencies say |work=france24.com |date=20 January 2021 |access-date=22 January 2021}}</ref>
}}
{{shipwreck list end}}

=== 23 January ===
{{shipwreck list begin |date=23 January 2020 |sort=}}
{{shipwreck list item
|ship={{MV|Mitra Jaya XIX||2}}
|flag={{flag|Indonesia}}
|desc=The tug was sunk in a collision with the [[container ship]] {{MV|Tanto Bersinar||2}} ({{flag|Indonesia}}) in the [[Java Sea]] off [[Surabaya]]. Of eight crew, three crew rescued and five remain missing. A barge she was towing was damaged, with cargo leaking.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fleetmon.com/maritime-news/2021/32409/container-ship-collided-tug-and-oil-barge-3-crew-m/ |title=Container ship collided with tug and oil barge, 3 crew missing, barge leaking palm oil. |publisher=Fleetmon |access-date=24 January 2021 }}</ref>
}}
{{shipwreck list end}}

=== 24 January ===
{{shipwreck list begin |date=24 January 2020 |sort=}}
{{shipwreck list item
|ship={{MV|Iba||2}}
|flag={{flag|Panama}}
|desc=The tanker dragged anchor in a strong wind during a storm overnight and drifted ashore at [[Umm Al Quwain]], [[United Arab Emirates]], in the [[Persian Gulf]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fleetmon.com/maritime-news/2021/32417/tanker-beached-storm-uae/ |title=Tanker beached by storm, UAE |publisher=Fleetmon |access-date=24 January 2021 }}</ref>
}}
{{shipwreck list end}}

===27 January===
{{shipwreck list begin |date=27 January 2020 |sort=}}
{{shipwreck list item
|ship=''No.96 Oyang''
|flag={{flag|South Korea}}
|desc=The South Korean-flagged fishing trawler caught fire and burned out southeast of [[Manila]], [[Philippines]]. The crew of 24 were saved by nearby vessels, but the ship was abandoned.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fleetmon.com/maritime-news/2021/32465/korean-trawler-fire-34-crew-evacuated-safe-philipp/ |title=Korean trawler on fire, 34 crew evacuated, safe, Philippines |publisher=Fleetmon |access-date=21 February 2021 }}</ref>
}}
{{shipwreck list end}}

=== 29 January ===
{{shipwreck list begin |date=29 January 2020 |sort=}}
{{shipwreck list item
|ship={{MV|Samsung No. 1||2}}
|flag={{flag|South Korea}}
|desc=The cargo ship sprang a leak and sank {{convert|4|nmi|spell=in}} southwest of [[Cheongsando Island]], [[Wando County]], [[South Korea]]. The crew were rescued by Wando Maritime Rescue and Coast Guard.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fleetmon.com/maritime-news/2021/32485/korean-general-cargo-ship-sank-north-jeju-8-crew-r/ |title=Korean general cargo ship sank north of Jeju, 8 crew rescued VIDEO |publisher=Fleetmon |access-date=29 January 2021 }}</ref>
}}
{{shipwreck list end}}

=== 30 January ===
{{shipwreck list begin |date=30 January 2021 |sort=}}
{{shipwreck list item
|ship={{MV|Cantika Persada||2}}
|flag={{flag|Indonesia}}
|desc=The cargo ship sprang a leak and sank after dragging anchor and contacting another ship at [[Gresik, Indonesia]], partially above water. The crew evacuated.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fleetmon.com/maritime-news/2021/32521/cargo-ship-loaded-fertilizers-sank-gresik-crew-eva/ |title=cargo ship loaded with fertilizers sank in Gresik, crew evacuated
|publisher=Fleetmon |access-date=30 January 2021 }}</ref>
}}
{{shipwreck list item
|ship=Two unidentified boats
|flag={{flag|Colombia}}
|desc= The boats sank off [[Tumaco]], [[Colombia]], killing 12, with at least 36 of the passengers rescued.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.canberratimes.com.au/story/7107240/twelve-dead-in-colombia-after-boats-sink/ |title=Twelve dead in Colombia after boats sink |work=The Canberra Times |date=1 February 2021 |access-date=6 February 2021}}</ref>
}}
{{shipwreck list end}}

== February ==

===13 February===
{{shipwreck list begin |date=13 February 2021 |sort=}}
{{shipwreck list item
|ship=''Greatship Rohini''
|flag={{flag|India|civil}}
|desc=The [[offshore supply vessel]] caught fire in the [[Arabian Sea]]. Three crew were killed. The fire was extinguished.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fleetmon.com/maritime-news/2021/32661/offshore-supply-ship-fire-arabian-sea-update/ |title=Offshore supply ship on fire, Arabian sea UPDATE 3 trapped crew found dead |publisher=Fleetmon |access-date=21 February 2021 }}</ref>
}}
{{shipwreck list end}}

=== 14 February ===
{{shipwreck list begin |date=14 February 2021 |sort=}}
{{shipwreck list item
|ship=Unidentified boat or barge
|flag={{flag|Democratic Republic of the Congo}}
|desc=[[2021 Congo River disaster]]: During a voyage from [[Kinshasa]] to [[Mbandaka]] with more than 700 people on board, the boat or [[barge]] was wrecked when it struck a rock and [[capsize]]d during the evening while operating illegally in darkness on the [[Congo River]] in [[Mai-Ndombe Province]] east of [[Kinshasa]] in the [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]], killing at least 60 people and leaving 200 to 240 missing. About 300 people survived.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/2021/02/15/0d531668-6fce-11eb-85fa-e0ccb3660358_story.html |title=World Digest: Feb. 15, 2021 |work=washingtonpost.com |date=15 February 2021 |access-date=16 February 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-56082260 |title=Congo River: At least 60 drowned after boat capsizes |work=BBC |date=16 February 2021 |access-date=16 February 2021}}</ref>
}}
{{shipwreck list item
|ship=Unidentified catamaran
|flag={{flag|Chile}}
|desc= On the [[Tornagaleones River]] in [[Chile]], a [[catamaran]] used in the construction of the Chacao Bridge capsized with over four crew aboard. Everyone was safely rescued.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.archyde.com/they-detail-the-sinking-of-a-catamaran-in-which-4-crew-members-from-the-chacao-channel-were-rescued-national/|title=They detail the sinking of a catamaran in which 4 crew members from the Chacao channel were rescued | work=archyde.com |date=14 February 2021 |access-date=20 February 2021}}</ref>
}}
{{shipwreck list end}}

===17 February ===
{{shipwreck list begin |date=17 February 2021 |sort=}}
{{shipwreck list item
|ship={{MV|King 2||2}}
|flag={{flag|Palau}}
|desc=The cargo ship sank in the [[Gulf of Sidra]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fleetmon.com/maritime-news/2021/32725/freighter-disabled-bad-bunker-another-sank-both-he/ |title=freighter disabled by bad bunker, another sank, both heading for Nigeria |publisher=Fleetmon |access-date=21 February 2021 }}</ref>
}}
{{shipwreck list end}}

===20 February ===
{{shipwreck list begin |date=20 February 2021 |sort=}}
{{shipwreck list item
|ship={{MV|KMP Bili||2}}
|flag={{flag|Indonesia}}
|desc=The ferry listed and partially capsized at dock and sank at the Perigi Piai Jetty, north of [[Pontianak]], [[West Kalimantan]], [[Indonesia]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fleetmon.com/maritime-news/2021/32737/ferry-capsized-sank-along-pier-rescuers-trying-fin/ |title=Ferry capsized, sank along pier, rescuers trying to find trapped inside, Indonesia |publisher=Fleetmon |access-date=21 February 2021 }}</ref>
}}
{{shipwreck list end}}

===24 February===
{{shipwreck list begin |date=24 February 2021 |sort=}}
{{shipwreck list item
|ship= {{MV|Nehir||2}}
|flag={{flag|Palau}}
|desc=The tanker capsized in the [[Bay of Biscay]] off the coast of [[Galicia (Spain)|Galicia]] after the nine drug smugglers aboard opened the valves in the engine room after being intercepted by the Spanish [[Guardia Civil]]. The nine crew were taken off by a boarding team operating from {{ship|Spanish patrol boat|Serviola|P71|2}} ({{navy|Spain}}) along with {{convert|3000|kg}} of [[cocaine]]. After the crew and boarding team had disembarked, the ship capsized.<ref name=Nehir>{{cite web |url=https://www.maritime-executive.com/article/video-cocaine-smugglers-sink-their-own-ship-to-evade-prosecution |title=Video: Cocaine Smugglers Sink Their Own Ship to Evade Prosecution |work=The Maritime Executive |date=24 February 2021 |access-date=27 February 2021 }}</ref>
}}
{{shipwreck list end}}

===26 February ===
{{shipwreck list begin |date=26 February 2021 |sort=}}
{{shipwreck list item
|ship=''KH 00737 TS''
|flag={{flag|Vietnam}}
|desc=The fishing vessel was struck and sunk at anchor by {{MV|Vietsun Confident||2}} ({{flag|Vietnam}}) off [[Bình Thuận Province]], north of [[Vũng Tàu]] in the [[South China Sea]]. All crew rescued.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fleetmon.com/maritime-news/2021/32817/container-ship-struck-sunk-anchored-fishing-vessel/ |title=Container ship struck, sunk anchored fishing vessel, South China Sea |publisher=Fleetmon |access-date=27 February 2021 }}</ref>
}}
{{shipwreck list end}}

== March ==
===3 March===
{{shipwreck list begin |date=3 March 2021 |sort=}}
{{shipwreck list item
|ship= {{MV|Atlantic Destiny||2}}
|flag={{flag|Canada}}
|desc= The {{convert|43|m|adj=on}} [[scallop]] [[fishing vessel]] caught fire during the evening of 2 March while operating off the coast of [[Yarmouth, Nova Scotia]], Canada. The fire knocked out the power in seas with {{convert|6|-|8|m|adj=on}} waves. After taking on water, all 31 crewmembers were rescued via helicopters from the [[Canadian Coast Guard|Canadian]] and [[United States Coast Guard]]s. ''Atlantic Destiny'' sank at 10:36 am on 3 March.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/nova-scotia/fishing-vessel-rescue-yarmouth-nova-scotia-1.5934485 |title=Rescuers save all 31 crew members hours before ship sinks off Nova Scotia coast |work=CBC News |date=3 March 2021 |access-date=3 March 2021 }}</ref>
}}
{{shipwreck list end}}

===7 March===
{{shipwreck list begin |date=7 March 2021 |sort=}}
{{shipwreck list item
|ship={{MV|Fajar Baru 8||2}}
|flag={{flag|Indonesia}}
|desc=The passenger ship burned at [[Sorong]], [[West Papua (province)|West Papua]], [[Indonesia]]. All crew rescued.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fleetmon.com/maritime-news/2021/32897/passenger-ship-glutted-fire-video/ |title=Passenger ship glutted by fire video |publisher=Fleetmon |access-date=8 March 2021 }}</ref>
}}
{{shipwreck list item
|ship={{MV|Lu Rong Yuan Yu 588||2}}
|flag={{flag|China}}
|desc=The tuna [[longliner]] fishing vessel ran aground on reefs of [[Pointe-aux-Sables]], west of [[Port Louis, Mauritius]]. All crew were rescued by helicopter on 8 March.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fleetmon.com/maritime-news/2021/32893/chinese-tuna-fishing-vessel-aground-mauritius-reef/ |title=Chinese tuna fishing vessel aground on Mauritius reefs near Port Louis Update |publisher=Fleetmon |access-date=8 March 2021 }}</ref>
}}
{{shipwreck list end}}

===11 March===
{{shipwreck list begin |date=11 March 2021 |sort=}}
{{shipwreck list item
|ship={{MV|Dana Trader||2}}
|flag={{flag|Togo}}
|desc=The cargo ship sank in the [[Mediterranean Sea]] north of [[Abu Qir]], [[Egypt]]. Nine crew were rescued by the [[Egyptian Navy]], with one dead and one missing.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fleetmon.com/maritime-news/2021/32957/general-cargo-ship-reported-sank-med-egypt-1-crew-/ |title=General cargo ship reported sank in med off Egypt, 1 crew dead, 1 missing |publisher=Fleetmon |access-date=11 March 2021 }}</ref>
}}
{{shipwreck list item
|ship={{MV|Volgo Balt 179||2}}
|flag={{flag|Comoros}}
|desc=The cargo ship sank in the [[Black Sea]] east of [[Constanţa]], [[Romania]], in stormy weather. Ten crew were rescued by the offshore support vessel {{MV|GSP Falcon||2}} ({{flag|Panama}}) with two dead and one missing.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fleetmon.com/maritime-news/2021/32949/cargo-ship-sank-constanta-black-sea-2-crew-dead-1-/ |title=Cargo ship sank off Constanta, Black Sea, 2 crew dead, 1 missing |publisher=Fleetmon |access-date=11 March 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://en.interfax.com.ua/news/general/729453.html |title=Volgo Balt 179 ship sank in Black Sea with 13 Ukrainians on board: two people died – media |publisher=en.interfax.com.ua |access-date=11 March 2021 }}</ref>
}}
{{shipwreck list end}}

===14 March===
{{shipwreck list begin |date=14 March 2021 |sort=}}
{{shipwreck list item
|ship={{MV|Bach Dang||2}}
|flag={{Flag|Vietnam}}
|desc= The cargo ship sank, possibly after capsizing, off [[Mui Ne, Vietnam]]. All 7 crew were rescued.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fleetmon.com/maritime-news/2021/32997/cargo-ship-sank-waters-southern-vietnam/ |title=Cargo ship sank in waters of southern Vietnam |publisher=Fleetmon |access-date=14 March 2021 }}</ref>
}}
{{shipwreck list end}}

===23 March===
{{shipwreck list begin |date=23 March 2021 |sort=}}
{{shipwreck list item
|ship= ''[[Ever Given]]''
|flag={{flag|Panama}}
|desc=[[File:Ever Given Suez Canal 24 March 2021.jpg|thumb|''Ever Given'']]The {{sclass-|Golden|container ship}} ran aground in the [[Suez Canal]].<ref name=Fleetmon33105>{{cite web |url=https://www.fleetmon.com/maritime-news/2021/33105/mega-container-ship-hard-aground-suez-canal/ |title=Mega container ship hard aground in Suez Canal UPDATES |first=Mikhail |last=Voychenko |publisher=Fleetmon |date=23 March 2021 |access-date=24 March 2021 }}</ref>
}}
{{shipwreck list end}}

===24 March===
{{shipwreck list begin |date=24 March 2021 |sort=}}
{{shipwreck list item
|ship={{MV|Melkart||2}}
|flag={{Flag|Russia}}
|desc= The [[Trawler]] capsized and sank at dock at [[Kirkenes, Norway]] partially submerged on her starboard side. All 26 crew are safe.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fleetmon.com/maritime-news/2021/33129/russian-trawler-capsized-sank-alongside-pier-norwa/ |title=Russian trawler capsized, sank alongside pier, Norway |publisher=Fleetmon |access-date=25 March 2021 }}</ref>
}}
{{shipwreck list end}}

===24 March===
{{shipwreck list begin |date=24 March 2021 |sort=}}
{{shipwreck list item
|ship={{MV|Futura||2}}
|flag={{Flag|Italy}}
|desc= The fishing boat was sunk in a collision with freighter {{MV|Bergfjord||2}} ({{Flag|Albania}}) in the [[Adriatic Sea]] south east of [[Ravenna, Italy]]. All 4 crew are safe.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.fleetmon.com/maritime-news/2021/33133/albanian-freighter-collided-italian-fishing-boat-b/ |title=Albanian freighter collided with Italian fishing boat, boat sank, crew rescued |publisher=Fleetmon |access-date=25 March 2021 }}</ref>
}}
{{shipwreck list end}}




== References ==
{{Reflist|20em}}

{{Shipevents|2021}}

[[Category:2021-related lists|Shipwrecks]]
[[Category:Lists of shipwrecks by year|2021]]
[[Category:Maritime incidents in 2021| ]]

Template:Indianapolis Colts roster

2021-03-20T19:47:43Z

Willy3198:

{{NFL roster
|TeamName=Indianapolis Colts
|TemplateName=Indianapolis Colts roster
|rosterlink=https://www.colts.com/team/players-roster/
|depthlink=https://www.colts.com/team/depth-chart/
|translink=https://www.colts.com/team/transactions/
|Active=69
|Inactive=
|Exempt=
|PS=
|PS-exempt=
|FA=16
|unsigned=
|Date=March 18, 2021

|Quarterbacks=
{{NFLplayer| 9|Jacob Eason}}
{{NFLplayer|--|Jalen Morton}}
{{NFLplayer| 2|Carson Wentz}}

|Running Backs=
{{NFLplayer|40|Darius Anderson}}
{{NFLplayer|21|Nyheim Hines|PR}}
{{NFLplayer|25|Marlon Mack}}
{{NFLplayer|--|Benny LeMay}}
{{NFLplayer|39|Paul Perkins}}
{{NFLplayer|28|Jonathan Taylor|d=American football}}
{{NFLplayer|20|Jordan Wilkins}}

|Wide Receivers=
{{NFLplayer|15|Parris Campbell}}
{{NFLplayer|--|Quartney Davis}}
{{NFLplayer|16|Ashton Dulin}}
{{NFLplayer|12|DeMichael Harris|RS}}
{{NFLplayer|--|Gary Jennings Jr.}}
{{NFLplayer|--|J. J. Nelson}}
{{NFLplayer|85|Dezmon Patmon}}
{{NFLplayer|11|Michael Pittman Jr.}}

|Tight Ends=
{{NFLplayer|84|Jack Doyle|d=American football}}
{{NFLplayer|41|Farrod Green}}
{{NFLplayer|--|Jordan Thomas|d=American football}}
{{NFLplayer|86|Noah Togiai}}
{{NFLplayer|47|Andrew Vollert}}

|Offensive Linemen=
{{NFLplayer|--|Jake Benzinger|T}}
{{NFLplayer|60|Jake Eldrenkamp|G}}
{{NFLplayer|64|Mark Glowinski|G}}
{{NFLplayer|69|Will Holden|d=American football|T}}
{{NFLplayer|67|Sam Jones|d=American football|G}}
{{NFLplayer|78|Ryan Kelly|d=American football|C}}
{{NFLplayer|56|Quenton Nelson|G}}
{{NFLplayer|--|Elijah Nkansah|T}}
{{NFLplayer|61|Carter O'Donnell|T}}
{{NFLplayer|63|Danny Pinter|G}}
{{NFLplayer|72|Braden Smith|T}}
{{NFLplayer|--|Casey Tucker|T}}

|Defensive Linemen=
{{NFLplayer|52|Ben Banogu|DE}}
{{NFLplayer|--|Andrew Brown|d=American football|DT}}
{{NFLplayer|99|DeForest Buckner|DT}}
{{NFLplayer|92|Kameron Cline|DT}}
{{NFLplayer|94|Tyquan Lewis|DT}}
{{NFLplayer|76|Taylor Stallworth|DT}}
{{NFLplayer|90|Grover Stewart|DT}}
{{NFLplayer|57|Kemoko Turay|DE}}
{{NFLplayer|66|Chris Williams|d=defensive lineman|DT}}
{{NFLplayer|93|Robert Windsor|d=American football|DT}}

|Linebackers=
{{NFLplayer|49|Matthew Adams|d=American football|OLB}}
{{NFLplayer|44|Zaire Franklin|MLB}}
{{NFLplayer|59|Jordan Glasgow|OLB}}
{{NFLplayer|53|Darius Leonard|OLB}}
{{NFLplayer|55|Skai Moore|MLB}}
{{NFLplayer|58|Bobby Okereke|OLB}}
{{NFLplayer|45|E. J. Speed|OLB}}

|Defensive Backs=
{{NFLplayer|32|Julian Blackmon|S}}
{{NFLplayer|33|Ibraheim Campbell|S}}
{{NFLplayer|36|Andre Chachere|CB}}
{{NFLplayer|--|Anthony Chesley|CB}}
{{NFLplayer|42|Rolan Milligan|S}}
{{NFLplayer|23|Kenny Moore|d=American football|CB}}
{{NFLplayer|--|Nick Nelson|CB}}
{{NFLplayer|34|Isaiah Rodgers|CB}}
{{NFLplayer|--|Will Sunderland|CB}}
{{NFLplayer|--|Roderic Teamer|CB}}
{{NFLplayer|39|Marvell Tell|CB}}
{{NFLplayer|37|Khari Willis|SS}}
{{NFLplayer|26|Rock Ya-Sin|CB}}

|Special Teams=
{{NFLplayer| 3|Rodrigo Blankenship|K}}
{{NFLplayer| 5|Austin Rekhow|P}}
{{NFLplayer|46|Luke Rhodes|LS}}
{{NFLplayer| 8|Rigoberto Sanchez|P}}

|Reserve Lists=
*''Currently vacant''

|Unrestricted FAs=
{{NFLplayer|80|Trey Burton|TE}}
{{NFLplayer|38|T. J. Carrie|CB}}
{{NFLplayer|62|Le'Raven Clark|OT}}
{{NFLplayer|75|Chaz Green|OT}}
{{NFLplayer|13|T. Y. Hilton|WR}}
{{NFLplayer|29|Malik Hooker|FS}}
{{NFLplayer|50|Justin Houston|DE}}
{{NFLplayer|68|Joey Hunt|C}}
{{NFLplayer|97|Al-Quadin Muhammad|DE}}
{{NFLplayer|27|Xavier Rhodes|CB}}
{{NFLplayer|35|Tremon Smith|CB}}
{{NFLplayer|31|Tavon Wilson|SS}}

|Restricted FAs=
{{NFLplayer|81|Mo Alie-Cox|TE}}
{{NFLplayer|30|George Odum|FS}}
{{NFLplayer|14|Zach Pascal|WR}}

}}<noinclude>

==See also==
*{{tl|Indianapolis Colts roster navbox}}
[[Category:National Football League roster templates]]
[[Category:Indianapolis Colts templates]]
</noinclude>

Statesboro High School

2021-02-22T21:44:03Z

Willy3198: /* Notable alumni */

{{Infobox school
| name = Statesboro High School
| logo = [http://blogs.mcgill.ca/ossstudents/files/2012/09/marijuana_leaf.jpg]
| established = 1901
| type = [[Public school (government funded)|Public]]
| district = [[Bulloch County School District]]
| principal = Chad Prosser <ref name="shs.bulloch.k12.ga.us">[http://shs.bulloch.k12.ga.us/facultyandstaff]</ref>
| students = 1,662 (2018-19)<ref name=NCES>{{cite web|url=https://nces.ed.gov/ccd/schoolsearch/school_detail.asp?Search=1&DistrictID=1300630&ID=130063000285|title=Statesboro High School|publisher=National Center for Education Statistics|access-date=October 5, 2020}}</ref>
| ratio = 19.06<ref name=NCES/>
| staff = 87.20 (FTE)<ref name=NCES/>
| nickname = Blue Devils
| colors = Dark blue, gray, and white {{Color box|darkblue|border=darkgray}} {{Color box|gray|border=darkgray}} {{Color box|White|border=darkgray}}
| city = [[Statesboro, Georgia|Statesboro]]
| state = [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]]
| country = [[United States]]
| website = [http://shs.bulloch.k12.ga.us/ Statesboro High School]
| grades = [[Secondary education in the United States#High school .28grades 9 through 12.29|9-12]]
| address = 10 Lester Road
| coordinates = {{Coord|32.444228|-81.762506|display=title,inline|format=dms|type:edu}}
}}

'''Statesboro High School''' is a [[Public school (government funded)|public]] [[high school]] located in the city of [[Statesboro, Georgia|Statesboro]], [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]], [[United States]]. It was founded in 1901.

Its current principal is Chad Prosser.<ref name="shs.bulloch.k12.ga.us">[http://shs.bulloch.k12.ga.us/facultyandstaff]</ref>

The school completed construction on a new $4.2 million state-of-the-art building in 2009, and the new football stadium, Womack Field, was completed in the fall of 2007.

==History==
Statesboro High was founded in 1901 with the original school house, a wooden structure, being built on Grady Street in Statesboro. The second Statesboro High School building, a brick structure, was built alongside the original in 1922. The original wooden building was still used until the late 1960s, when both buildings were destroyed by a fire.

The original part of the current building on Lester Road was completed in the summer of 1964. Renovations and additions to the building have continued over the years. The first class graduated from the new Statesboro High School in June 1965.

The current $4.2 million building began construction in 2007 and was completed in 2009. The first class graduated from the new building in May 2009.<ref>http://www2.wsav.com/news/bulloch-academy/2009/jan/07/first-day-at-the-new-statesboro-high-sch-34982-vi-15329/</ref>

==Odyssey of the Mind==
Statesboro High has a successful [[Odyssey of the Mind]] program. The Statesboro High School Odyssey of the Mind problem one team finished in second place at the 2011 World Finals,<ref>[http://www.odysseyofthemind.com/competitions/9000_scores_p1_d3.html]</ref> and finished second again at the 2012 World Finals.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.odysseyofthemind.com/competitions/10000_scores_p1_d3.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2012-11-08 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120531011240/http://www.odysseyofthemind.com/competitions/10000_scores_p1_d3.html |archive-date=2012-05-31 }}</ref>

==Athletics==
Statesboro High School is well known for its athletics. Statesboro High School is currently part of the [[Georgia High School Association]] AAAAAA athletic division. Its [[varsity team]]s include [[high school football|football]], women's and men's [[basketball]], women's and men's [[track and field]], women's and men's [[cross country running|cross country]], [[baseball]], women's and men's [[Football (soccer)|soccer]], women's and men's [[tennis]], women's and men's [[swimming (sport)|swimming]], [[competitive cheerleading]], women's and men's [[golf]], [[softball]], women's [[volleyball]], and wrestling.<ref>http://shs.bulloch.k12.ga.us/athletics</ref> It has won five state football championships: three in the [[Georgia High School Association]] A athletic division (1956, 1957, 1966) and two in the [[Georgia High School Association]] AAAA athletic division (2001, 2005),<ref>[http://www.ghsa.net/index.php?q=node/171/ GHSA Football Champions]</ref> two state basketball championships (1968, 1991),<ref>[http://www.ghsa.net/index.php?q=node/166/ GHSA Boys Basketball Champions]</ref> and four state track championships (1957, 1961, 1995, 2005).<ref>[http://www.ghsa.net/index.php?q=node/183/ GHSA Boys Track Champions]</ref>

==Notable alumni==

* [[Joey Hamilton]] (class of 1988), former professional baseball player ([[San Diego Padres]], [[Toronto Blue Jays]], [[Cincinnati Reds]])
* [[Justin Houston]] (class of 2007), [[defensive tackle]] for the [[University of Georgia]] (2007-2010) and current [[linebacker]] for the [[Indianapolis Colts]]<ref>http://www.georgiadogs.com/sports/m-footbl/mtt/houston_justin00.html</ref>
* [[Bubba Lewis]] (class of 2007), actor, star of the [[MTV]] series ''[[The Inbetweeners (U.S. TV series)|The Inbetweeners]]''
* [[Jeremy Mincey]] (class of 2002), defensive lineman for University of Florida and defensive lineman for the [[Denver Broncos]]
* Crawford Simmons (class of 2009), drafted by the [[Kansas City Royals]] in the 14th round <ref>https://www.baseball-reference.com/minors/player.cgi?id=simmon001cra</ref>
* [[DeAngelo Tyson]] (class of 2008), [[defensive lineman]] for the [[University of Georgia]] (2008–2011) and current defensive lineman for the [[Baltimore Ravens]]<ref>http://bleacherreport.com/articles/1153313-deangelo-tyson-to-ravens-video-highlights-analysis-and-scouting-report</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://shs.bulloch.k12.ga.us/ Statesboro High School]
* [http://www.statesboroband.com/ Statesboro High School Bands]
* [http://festival.statesboroband.com/ East Georgia Marching Band Festival & Competition]
* [http://georgiainfo.galileo.usg.edu/topics/historical_markers/county/bulloch/statesboro-high-school Statesboro High School] historical marker

{{GHSA Class AAAAA Region 3}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Public high schools in Georgia (U.S. state)]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1901]]
[[Category:Schools in Bulloch County, Georgia]]

Microsoft

2021-02-21T20:57:08Z

Willy3198:

{{Short description|American technology company}}
{{pp|small=yes}}
{{pp-move-indef}}
{{Use American English|date=May 2019}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=October 2020}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Microsoft Corporation
| logo = Microsoft logo and wordmark.svg
| logo_size = 250px
| logo_alt = A square divided into four sub-squares, colored red, green, yellow and blue (clockwise), with the company name appearing to its right.
| logo_caption = Logo since August 17, 2012
| image = building92microsoft.jpg
| image_size = 260px
| image_caption = Building 92 on the [[Microsoft Redmond campus]]
| type = [[Public company|Public]]
| traded_as = {{Unbulleted list
| {{NASDAQ|MSFT}}
| [[NASDAQ-100]] component
| [[Dow Jones Industrial Average|DJIA]] component
| [[S&P 100]] component
| [[S&P 500]] component
}}
| ISIN = US5949181045
| industry = {{Unbulleted list
| [[Software development]]
| [[Computer hardware]]
| [[Consumer electronics]]
| [[Social networking service]]
| [[Cloud computing]]
| [[Video game industry|Video games]]
| [[Internet]]
| [[Corporate venture capital]]
}}
| predecessor = [[Traf-O-Data]]
| founded = {{Start date and age|1975|04|04}} in {{Nowrap|[[Albuquerque, New Mexico]], U.S.}}
| founders = {{Unbulleted list
| [[Bill Gates]]
| [[Paul Allen]]
}}
| hq_location = [[Microsoft Redmond campus|One Microsoft Way]] [[Redmond, Washington]]
| hq_location_country = U.S.
| area_served = Worldwide
| key_people = {{Unbulleted list
| '''[[Chairman]]''': [[John W. Thompson]]
| '''[[Chief executive officer|CEO]]''': [[Satya Nadella]]
| '''[[President (corporate title)|President]]''': [[Brad Smith (American lawyer)|Brad Smith]]
| '''Techical Advisor''': [[Bill Gates]]
}}
| products = {{Flatlist|
* '''[[List of Microsoft software|List of software]]'''
* [[Microsoft Windows|Windows]]
* [[Microsoft Office|Office]]
* [[Microsoft Servers|Servers]]
* [[Skype]]
* [[Microsoft Visual Studio|Visual Studio]]
* [[Microsoft Dynamics|Dynamics]]
* [[Xbox]]
* [[Microsoft Surface|Surface]]
* [[Microsoft Mobile|Mobile]]
}}
| services = {{Flatlist|
* [[Microsoft Azure|Azure]]
* [[Microsoft Bing|Bing]]
* [[LinkedIn]]
* [[Yammer]]
* [[Microsoft Developer Network|MSDN]]
* [[Office 365]]
* [[OneDrive]]
* [[Outlook.com]]
* [[GitHub]]
* [[Microsoft TechNet|TechNet]]
* [[Microsoft Pay|Pay]]
* [[Microsoft Store (digital)|Microsoft Store]]
* [[Windows Update]]
* [[Xbox Game Pass]]
* [[Xbox Live]]
}}
| revenue = {{Increase}} {{US$|143 billion|link=yes}}<ref name="FY20-Q4">{{Cite web|url=https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/Investor/earnings/FY-2020-Q4/press-release-webcast|title=FY20 Q4 - Press Releases - Investor Relations|website=Microsoft Investor Relations|publisher=Microsoft|date=July 22, 2020|access-date=August 19, 2020}}</ref> (2020)
| operating_income = {{Increase}} {{US$|53 billion}}<ref name="FY20-Q4" /> (2020)
| net_income = {{Increase}} {{US$|44.3 billion}}<ref name="FY20-Q4" /> (2020)
| assets = {{Increase}} {{US$|301.3 billion}}<ref name="FY20-Q4" /> (2020)
| equity = {{Increase}} {{US$|118.3 billion}}<ref name="FY20-Q4" /> (2020)
| num_employees = {{Increase}} 166,475<ref>{{Cite web|title=Facts About Microsoft|url=https://news.microsoft.com/facts-about-microsoft/|access-date=December 15, 2020}}</ref> (2020)
| subsid = [[LinkedIn]] [[Xbox Game Studios]] [[Skype Technologies]] [[GitHub]] 
| website = {{URL|https://www.microsoft.com}}
}}

'''Microsoft Corporation''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|m|aɪ|k|r|oʊ|s|ɒ|f|t}} {{respell|MY|kroh|soft}}) is an American [[multinational corporation|multinational]] [[technology company]] with headquarters in [[Redmond, Washington]]. It develops, manufactures, licenses, supports, and sells [[Software|computer software]], [[consumer electronics]], [[personal computer]]s, and related services. Its best known software products are the [[Microsoft Windows]] line of [[operating system]]s, the [[Microsoft Office]] [[Productivity software#Office suite|suite]], and the [[Internet Explorer]] and [[Microsoft Edge|Edge]] [[web browser]]s. Its flagship hardware products are the [[Xbox]] [[video game console]]s and the [[Microsoft Surface]] lineup of [[touchscreen]] personal computers. Microsoft ranked No. 21 in the 2020 [[Fortune 500]] rankings of the largest United States corporations by total revenue;<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://fortune.com/fortune500/2020/search/|title=Fortune 500 list of companies 2020|website=Fortune|language=en-US|access-date=August 19, 2020}}</ref> it was the world's [[List of the largest software companies|largest software maker]] by revenue as of 2016.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.forbes.com/global2000/list/#industry:Software%2520%2526%2520Programming |title=The World's Biggest Public Companies |newspaper=Forbes |language=en |access-date=January 26, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150410062432/http://www.forbes.com/global2000/list/#industry:Software%2520%2526%2520Programming |archive-date=April 10, 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> It is considered one of the [[Big Tech|Big Five]] companies in the U.S. [[information technology]] industry, along with [[Google]], [[Apple Inc.|Apple]], [[Amazon (company)|Amazon]], and [[Facebook, Inc.|Facebook]].

Microsoft (the word being a [[portmanteau]] of "microcomputer software"<ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.britannica.com/topic/Microsoft-Corporation |title=Microsoft Corporation |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |access-date=June 18, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150618214355/http://www.britannica.com/topic/Microsoft-Corporation |archive-date=June 18, 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref>) was founded by [[Bill Gates]] and [[Paul Allen]] on April 4, 1975, to develop and sell [[BASIC]] [[Interpreter (computing)|interpreters]] for the [[Altair 8800]]. It rose to dominate the personal computer operating system market with [[MS-DOS]] in the mid-1980s, followed by Microsoft Windows. The company's 1986 [[initial public offering]] (IPO), and subsequent rise in its share price, created three billionaires and an estimated 12,000 millionaires among Microsoft employees. Since the 1990s, it has increasingly diversified from the operating system market and has made a number of [[List of mergers and acquisitions by Microsoft|corporate acquisitions]], their largest being the acquisition of [[LinkedIn]] for $26.2 billion in December 2016,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1271024/000110465916161289/a16-22816_18k.htm |title=U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission{{Snd}} Linkedin |date=December 8, 2016 |work=US SEC |access-date=April 29, 2018 |quote=As a result of the Merger, a change in control of [Linkedin] occurred and [Linkedin] became a wholly-owned subsidiary of [Microsoft]. The transaction resulted in the payment of approximately $26.4 billion in cash merger consideration. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171018154931/https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1271024/000110465916161289/a16-22816_18k.htm |archive-date=October 18, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> followed by their acquisition of [[Skype Technologies]] for $8.5 billion in May 2011.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-13343600 |title=Microsoft confirms takeover of Skype |publisher=BBC |date=May 10, 2011 |access-date=April 29, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180620073353/https://www.bbc.com/news/business-13343600 |archive-date=June 20, 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>

{{As of|2015}}, Microsoft is market-dominant in the [[IBM PC compatible]] operating system market and the office software suite market, although it has lost the majority of the overall operating system market to [[Android (operating system)|Android]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.computerworld.com/article/2490008/microsoft-windows/microsoft-gets-real--admits-its-device-share-is-just-14-.html |title=Microsoft gets real, admits its device share is just 14% |last=Keizer |first=Gregg |date=July 14, 2014 |website=[[Computerworld]] |publisher=[[International Data Group]] |quote=[Microsoft's chief operating officer] Turner's 14% came from a new forecast released last week by Gartner, which estimated Windows' share of the shipped device market last year was 14%, and would decrease slightly to 13.7% in 2014. [..] Android will dominate, Gartner said, with a 48% share this year |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160821210826/http://www.computerworld.com/article/2490008/microsoft-windows/microsoft-gets-real--admits-its-device-share-is-just-14-.html |archive-date=August 21, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> The company also produces a wide range of other consumer and enterprise software for desktops, laptops, tabs, gadgets, and servers, including [[Web search engine|Internet search]] (with [[Microsoft Bing|Bing]]), the digital services market (through [[MSN]]), [[mixed reality]] ([[Microsoft HoloLens|HoloLens]]), cloud computing ([[Microsoft Azure|Azure]]), and software development ([[Microsoft Visual Studio|Visual Studio]]).

[[Steve Ballmer]] replaced Gates as CEO in 2000, and later envisioned a "devices and services" strategy.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.businessinsider.com.au/microsoft-device-and-services-2013-8 |title=And Microsoft Is Giving Up On The Software Business! |last=Blodget |first=Henry |date=August 23, 2013 |work=Business Insider Australia |access-date=August 2, 2017 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170802165822/https://www.businessinsider.com.au/microsoft-device-and-services-2013-8 |archive-date=August 2, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> This unfolded with Microsoft acquiring [[Danger Inc.]] in 2008,<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.informationweek.com/applications/notify-the-next-of-kin/d/d-id/1090416 |title=Notify The Next Of Kin |date=June 30, 2010 |work=[[InformationWeek]] |access-date=April 24, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140424124515/http://www.informationweek.com/applications/notify-the-next-of-kin/d/d-id/1090416 |archive-date=April 24, 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref> entering the personal computer production market for the first time in June 2012 with the launch of the Microsoft Surface line of [[tablet computer]]s, and later forming [[Microsoft Mobile]] through the acquisition of [[Nokia]]'s devices and services division. Since [[Satya Nadella]] took over as CEO in 2014, the company has scaled back on hardware and has instead focused on [[cloud computing]], a move that helped the company's [[Share (finance)|shares]] reach its highest value since December 1999.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-37724557 |title=Microsoft sees shares hit record high |date=October 21, 2016 |access-date=October 7, 2017 |website=[[BBC]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171016012110/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-37724557 |archive-date=October 16, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.engadget.com/2017/07/03/microsofts-cloud-focus-could-mean-yet-more-layoffs/ |title=Microsoft's cloud focus could mean yet more layoffs |website=Engadget |access-date=October 7, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170802164433/https://www.engadget.com/2017/07/03/microsofts-cloud-focus-could-mean-yet-more-layoffs/ |archive-date=August 2, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref>

Earlier dethroned by Apple in 2010, in 2018 Microsoft reclaimed its position as the most valuable publicly traded company in the world.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/business/business-news/how-did-microsoft-just-overtake-apple-world-s-most-valuable-n940751 |title=How did Microsoft just overtake Apple as the world's most valuable company? |work=NBC News |access-date=November 28, 2018 |language=en-US |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181129112846/https://www.nbcnews.com/business/business-news/how-did-microsoft-just-overtake-apple-world-s-most-valuable-n940751 |archive-date=November 29, 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> In April 2019, Microsoft reached the {{Nowrap|trillion-dollar}} [[Market capitalization|market cap]], becoming the third U.S. public company to be valued at over $1 trillion after [[Apple Inc.|Apple]] and [[Amazon (company)|Amazon]] respectively.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2019/04/24/microsoft-q3-2019-earnings.html |last=Levy |first=Ari |date=April 24, 2019 |title=Microsoft hits $1 trillion market cap after earnings beat estimates |publisher=[[CNBC]] |access-date=April 24, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190424211049/https://www.cnbc.com/2019/04/24/microsoft-q3-2019-earnings.html |archive-date=April 24, 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> {{as of|2020||}}, Microsoft has the third-highest global [[List of most valuable brands|brand valuation]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Magazine|first=BrandZ|date=1 July 2020|title=BrandZ Global Top 100 Most Valuable Brands|work=BrandZ|url=https://online.pubhtml5.com/bydd/yeib}}</ref>

== History ==
{{Further|History of Microsoft|Timeline of Microsoft}}
{{See also|Microsoft Windows version history}}

=== 1972–1985: Founding ===
[[File:Altair 8800 and Model 33 ASR Teletype .jpg|left|thumb|256x256px|An Altair 8800 computer (left) with the popular Model 33 ASR Teletype as terminal, paper tape reader, and paper tape punch.]]
[[File:1981BillPaul.jpg|thumb|left|[[Paul Allen]] and [[Bill Gates]] on October 19, 1981, after signing a pivotal contract with [[IBM]]<ref name="Allan 2001">{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/A_History_of_the_Personal_Computer |title=A History of the Personal Computer |last=Allan |first=Roy A. |publisher=Allan Publishing |isbn=978-0-9689108-0-1 |year=2001 |access-date=July 17, 2010}}</ref>{{Rp|228|date=November 2012}}]]
Childhood friends [[Bill Gates]] and [[Paul Allen]] sought to make a business using their skills in [[computer programming]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.biography.com/people/bill-gates-9307520#early-life |title=Bill Gates |publisher=Biography.com |access-date=November 8, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161106203412/http://www.biography.com/people/bill-gates-9307520#early-life |archive-date=November 6, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> In 1972, they founded [[Traf-O-Data]], which sold a rudimentary computer to track and analyze automobile traffic data. Gates enrolled at [[Harvard University]] while Allen pursued a degree in computer science at [[Washington State University]], though he later dropped out to work at [[Honeywell]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Microsoft Company History |url=http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/microsoft-corporation-history/ |access-date=March 20, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130806021000/http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/microsoft-corporation-history/ |archive-date=August 6, 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref> The January 1975 issue of ''[[Popular Electronics]]'' featured [[Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems]]'s (MITS) [[Altair 8800]] microcomputer,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.boston.com/news/local/breaking_news/2008/12/by_martin_finuc_2.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090101055041/http://www.boston.com/news/local/breaking_news/2008/12/by_martin_finuc_2.html |archive-date=January 1, 2009 |title=Harvard Square newsstand sold the magazine that started a revolution |work=Boston.com |publisher=The New York Times Company |date=December 30, 2008 |last=Finucane |first=Martin}}</ref> which inspired Allen to suggest that they could program a [[BASIC]] interpreter for the device. Gates called MITS and claimed that he had a working interpreter, and MITS requested a demonstration. Allen worked on a simulator for the Altair while Gates developed the interpreter, and it worked flawlessly when they demonstrated it to MITS in March 1975 in [[Albuquerque, New Mexico]]. MITS agreed to distribute it, marketing it as [[Altair BASIC]].<ref name="Allan 2001" />{{Rp|108, 112–114|date=November 2012}} Gates and Allen established Microsoft on April 4, 1975, with Gates as CEO,<ref name="BBCTL">{{Cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/5085630.stm |title=Bill Gates: A Timeline |work=BBC News Online |publisher=BBC |date=July 15, 2006 |access-date=July 17, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060622201711/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/5085630.stm |archive-date=June 22, 2006 |url-status=live}}</ref> and Allen suggested the name "Micro-Soft", short for micro-computer software.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/1995/10/02/206528/index.htm |date=October 2, 1995 |title=Bill Gates & Paul Allen Talk Check Out The Ultimate Buddy Act in Business History |work=Fortune |publisher=Time Inc. |last=Schlender |first=Brent |access-date=April 25, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110503155554/http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/1995/10/02/206528/index.htm |archive-date=May 3, 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Allen |first=Paul |date=2011 |title=Paul Allen: Idea Man |publisher=Penguin Group |page=91 |url=https://books.google.com/books?isbn=0141969385 |isbn=978-0-14-196938-1}}</ref> In August 1977, the company formed an agreement with ASCII Magazine in Japan, resulting in its first international office of [[ASCII Corporation|ASCII Microsoft]].<ref>{{Cite journal |url=http://www.atarimagazines.com/creative/v10n8/192_Kay_Nishi_bridges_the_cul.php |title=Kay Nishi bridges the cultural gap |last=Staples |first=Betsy |journal=Creative Computing |volume=10 |issue=8 |page=192 |date=August 1984 |access-date=July 15, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511110050/http://www.atarimagazines.com/creative/v10n8/192_Kay_Nishi_bridges_the_cul.php |archive-date=May 11, 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref> Microsoft moved its headquarters to [[Bellevue, Washington]] in January 1979.<ref name="BBCTL" />

Microsoft entered the operating system (OS) business in 1980 with its own version of [[Unix]] called [[Xenix]],<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.computersourcemag.com/articles/viewer.asp?a=695 |title=Under The Hood: Part 8 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060901182630/http://www.computersourcemag.com/articles/viewer.asp?a=695 |archive-date=September 1, 2006 |work=Computer Source |last=Dyar |first=Dafydd Neal |date=November 4, 2002 |access-date=July 14, 2010}}</ref> but it was [[MS-DOS]] that solidified the company's dominance. [[IBM]] awarded a contract to Microsoft in November 1980 to provide a version of the [[CP/M]] OS to be used in the [[IBM Personal Computer]] (IBM PC).<ref>{{Cite book |title=Engines That Move Markets: Technology Investing from Railroads to the Internet and Beyond |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k9xS6t4ibxoC |year=2002 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=978-0-471-20595-1 |access-date=February 8, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190323120013/https://books.google.com/books?id=k9xS6t4ibxoC |archive-date=March 23, 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> For this deal, Microsoft purchased a CP/M clone called [[86-DOS]] from [[Seattle Computer Products]] which it branded as MS-DOS, although IBM rebranded it to [[IBM PC DOS]]. Microsoft retained ownership of MS-DOS following the release of the IBM PC in August 1981. IBM had copyrighted the IBM PC [[BIOS]], so other companies had to reverse engineer it in order for non-IBM hardware to run as [[IBM PC compatible]]s, but no such restriction applied to the operating systems. Microsoft eventually became the leading PC operating systems vendor.<ref>{{Cite journal |journal=Smart Computing |publisher=Sandhills Publishing Company |volume=6 |issue=3 |url=http://www.smartcomputing.com/editorial/article.asp?article=articles/archive/r0603/09r03/09r03.asp&guid= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040405051349/http://www.smartcomputing.com/editorial/article.asp?article=articles%2Farchive%2Fr0603%2F09r03%2F09r03.asp&guid= |url-status=dead |archive-date=April 5, 2004 |title=Microsoft to Microsoft disk operating system (MS-DOS) |date=March 2002 |access-date=August 18, 2008 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Blaxill |first1=Mark |last2=Eckardt |first2=Ralph |title=The Invisible Edge: Taking Your Strategy to the Next Level Using Intellectual Property |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JO6kA0hebJIC&pg=PA210 |year=2009 |publisher=Portfolio |isbn=978-1-59184-237-8 |page=210 |access-date=February 8, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190323120014/https://books.google.com/books?id=JO6kA0hebJIC&pg=PA210 |archive-date=March 23, 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>{{Rp|210|date=November 2012}} The company expanded into new markets with the release of the [[Microsoft Mouse]] in 1983, as well as with a publishing division named [[Microsoft Press]].<ref name="Allan 2001" />{{Rp|232|date=November 2012}}
Paul Allen resigned from Microsoft in 1983 after developing [[Hodgkin's lymphoma|Hodgkin's disease]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://old.seattletimes.com/html/businesstechnology/2014643290_paulallen31.html |title=Paul Allen goes public with hard feelings toward Gates |work=The Seattle Times |access-date=January 4, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161104003653/http://old.seattletimes.com/html/businesstechnology/2014643290_paulallen31.html |archive-date=November 4, 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Allen claimed in ''Idea Man: A Memoir by the Co-founder of Microsoft'' that Gates wanted to dilute his share in the company when he was diagnosed with Hodgkin's disease because he did not think that he was working hard enough.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748703806304576232051635476200 |title=Microsoft Co-Founder Hits Out at Gates |last1=Wingfield |first1=Nick |last2=Guth |first2=Robert A. |date=March 30, 2011 |work=Wall Street Journal}}</ref> Allen later invested in low-tech sectors, sports teams, commercial real estate, neuroscience, private space flight, and more.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/clareoconnor/2014/01/31/10-things-you-didnt-know-about-microsoft-billionaire-paul-allen-seattle-seahawks-owner/#48d64a5f6db1 |title=10 Things You Didn't Know About Microsoft Billionaire Paul Allen, Seattle Seahawks Owner |last=O'Connor |first=Clare |work=Forbes |access-date=February 1, 2018 |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180202013548/https://www.forbes.com/sites/clareoconnor/2014/01/31/10-things-you-didnt-know-about-microsoft-billionaire-paul-allen-seattle-seahawks-owner/#48d64a5f6db1 |archive-date=February 2, 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>

=== 1985–1994: Windows and Office ===
[[File:Microsoft Windows 1.0 pages2 3.jpg|thumb|[[Windows 1.0]] was released on November 20, 1985 as the first version of the Microsoft Windows line]]
Microsoft released [[Microsoft Windows]] on November 20, 1985, as a graphical extension for MS-DOS,<ref name="Allan 2001" />{{Rp|242–243, 246|date=November 2012}} despite having begun jointly developing [[OS/2]] with IBM the previous August.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://pages.prodigy.net/michaln/history/pr/87apr_m3592.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100410013835/http://pages.prodigy.net/michaln/history/pr/87apr_m3592.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=April 10, 2010 |title=Microsoft OS/2 Announcement |date=April 10, 2010 |access-date=August 9, 2017}}</ref> Microsoft moved its headquarters from Bellevue to [[Redmond, Washington]] on February 26, 1986, and went public on March 13,<ref name="CBSCHRON">{{Cite web |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/elements/2006/06/16/in_depth_business/timeline1720211.shtml |title=Microsoft Chronology |work=CBS News |publisher=CBS Interactive |access-date=August 5, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081105185844/http://www.cbsnews.com/elements/2006/06/16/in_depth_business/timeline1720211.shtml |archive-date=November 5, 2008}}</ref> with the resulting rise in stock making an estimated four billionaires and 12,000 millionaires from Microsoft employees.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/05/29/business/yourmoney/29millionaire.html?ex=1275019200&en=de3d71cbbb7e06f8&ei=5090&partner=rssuserland&emc=rss |title=The Microsoft Millionaires Come of Age |last=Bick |first=Julie |date=May 29, 2005 |work=The New York Times |access-date=July 3, 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060412145540/http://www.nytimes.com/2005/05/29/business/yourmoney/29millionaire.html?ex=1275019200&en=de3d71cbbb7e06f8&ei=5090&partner=rssuserland&emc=rss |archive-date=April 12, 2006 |url-status=live}}</ref> Microsoft released its version of OS/2 to original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) on April 2, 1987.<ref name="Allan 2001" /> In 1990, the Federal Trade Commission examined Microsoft for possible collusion due to the partnership with IBM, marking the beginning of more than a decade of legal clashes with the government.<ref>{{Cite journal |url=https://www.wired.com/2002/11/u-s-v-microsoft-timeline/ |title=U.S. v. Microsoft: Timeline |date=November 4, 2002 |journal=Wired |publisher=Condé Nast |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100419063415/http://www.wired.com/techbiz/it/news/2002/11/35212 |archive-date=April 19, 2010 |url-status=live |access-date=July 17, 2010}}</ref> {{Rp|243–244|date=November 2012}} Meanwhile, the company was at work on Microsoft [[Windows NT]], which was heavily based on their copy of the OS/2 code. It shipped on July 21, 1993, with a new modular [[Kernel (operating system)|kernel]] and the [[32-bit]] [[Windows API|Win32]] application programming interface (API), making it easier to port from [[16-bit]] (MS-DOS-based) Windows. Microsoft informed IBM of Windows NT, and the OS/2 partnership deteriorated.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.winsupersite.com/reviews/winserver2k3_gold1.asp |title=Windows Server 2003: The Road To Gold |last=Thurrott |first=Paul |work=winsupersite.com |publisher=Penton Media |date=January 24, 2003 |access-date=July 15, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100604082534/http://www.winsupersite.com/reviews/winserver2k3_gold1.asp |archive-date=June 4, 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

In 1990, Microsoft introduced the [[Microsoft Office]] suite which bundled separate applications such as [[Microsoft Word]] and [[Microsoft Excel]].<ref name="Allan 2001" />{{Rp|301|date=November 2012}} On May 22, Microsoft launched [[Windows 3.0]], featuring streamlined user interface graphics and improved protected mode capability for the [[Intel 80386|Intel 386]] processor,<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.itproportal.com/2010/05/22/microsoft-windows-30-20-years-today/ |title=Microsoft Windows 3.0 Is 20 Years Old Today!!! |work=ITProPortal |last=Athow |first=Desire |date=May 22, 2010 |access-date=April 4, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120325093045/http://www.itproportal.com/2010/05/22/microsoft-windows-30-20-years-today/ |archive-date=March 25, 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref> and both Office and Windows became dominant in their respective areas.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,1159610,00.asp |title=OS Market Share 1993–2001 – Windows 98 Put to the Test |work=PC Magazine |publisher=Ziff Davis |date=August 1, 1998 |access-date=July 3, 2010 |first=Michael |last=Miller |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511141923/http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,1159610,00.asp |archive-date=May 11, 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.pcworld.com/article/18462/a_peek_at_office_upgrade.html |title=A Peek at Office Upgrade |work=[[PC World]] |publisher=[[IDG]] |date=September 13, 2000 |last=McCracken |first=Harry |access-date=July 4, 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090506065942/http://www.pcworld.com/article/18462/a_peek_at_office_upgrade.html |archive-date=May 6, 2009 }}</ref>

On July 27, 1994, the Department of Justice's Antitrust Division filed a competitive impact statement which said: "Beginning in 1988, and continuing until July 15, 1994, Microsoft induced many OEMs to execute anti-competitive 'per processor' licenses. Under a per-processor license, an OEM pays Microsoft a royalty for each computer it sells containing a particular microprocessor, whether the OEM sells the computer with a Microsoft operating system or a non-Microsoft operating system. In effect, the royalty payment to Microsoft when no Microsoft product is being used acts as a penalty, or tax, on the OEM's use of a competing PC operating system. Since 1988, Microsoft's use of per processor licenses has increased."<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.justice.gov/atr/cases/f0000/0045.htm |title=Competitive Impact Statement : U.S. v. Microsoft Corporation |publisher=Justice.gov |access-date=May 11, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110510012902/http://www.justice.gov/atr/cases/f0000/0045.htm |archive-date=May 10, 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref>

=== 1995–2007: Foray into the Web, Windows 95, Windows XP, and Xbox ===
[[File:300lx.jpg|thumb|left|In 1996, Microsoft released Windows CE, a version of the operating system meant for personal digital assistants and other tiny computers.]]
Following Bill Gates' internal "Internet Tidal Wave memo" on May 26, 1995, Microsoft began to redefine its offerings and expand its product line into [[computer network]]ing and the [[World Wide Web]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://news.cnet.com/2009-1032-995681.html |title=Victor: Software empire pays high price |last=Borland |first=John |date=April 15, 2003 |work=[[CNET]] |publisher=[[CBS Interactive]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111116150815/http://news.cnet.com/2009-1032-995681.html |archive-date=November 16, 2011 |access-date=July 16, 2010}}</ref> With a few exceptions of new companies, like [[Netscape]], Microsoft was the only major and established company that acted fast enough to be a part of the World Wide Web practically from the start. Other companies like [[Borland]], [[WordPerfect]], [[Novell]], [[IBM]] and [[Lotus Software|Lotus]], being much slower to adapt to the new situation, would give Microsoft a market dominance.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qiDsEgYKXRAC&q=Bill+Gates+1994+Internet+blow+over+Netscape+Borland+WordPerfect+Novell+IBM+Lotus&pg=PA11 |title=Network Security Foundations: Technology Fundamentals for IT Success |access-date=March 16, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190323120021/https://books.google.no/books?id=qiDsEgYKXRAC&pg=PA11&dq=Bill+Gates+1994+Internet+blow+over+Netscape+Borland+WordPerfect+Novell+IBM+Lotus&hl=no&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjliaaH-IbhAhVHw4sKHRIlCnkQ6AEIKTAA#v=onepage&q=Bill%20Gates%201994%20Internet%20blow%20over%20Netscape%20Borland%20WordPerfect%20Novell%20IBM%20Lotus&f=false |archive-date=March 23, 2019 |url-status=live |isbn=9780782151367 |last1=Strebe |first1=Matthew |date=February 20, 2006}}</ref> The company released [[Windows 95]] on August 24, 1995, featuring [[Preemption (computing)#PREEMPTIVE|pre-emptive multitasking]], a completely new user interface with a novel [[Start menu|start button]], and 32-bit compatibility; similar to NT, it provided the Win32 API.<ref>{{Cite journal |journal=Smart Computing |publisher=Sandhills Publishing Company |volume=4 |issue=3 |url=http://www.smartcomputing.com/editorial/article.asp?article=articles/archive/95win/95win02/95win02.asp&guid= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040706233547/http://www.smartcomputing.com/editorial/article.asp?article=articles%2Farchive%2F95win%2F95win02%2F95win02.asp&guid= |url-status=dead |archive-date=July 6, 2004 |title=New And Improved |last=Cope |first=Jim |date=March 1996 |access-date=July 16, 2010 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/windows95systemp00matt |title=Windows 95 Programming Secrets |last=Pietrek |first=Matt |author-link=Matt Pietrek |publisher=IDG |isbn=978-1-56884-318-6 |date=March 1996 |access-date=July 17, 2010 |url-access=registration}}</ref>{{Rp|20|date=November 2012}} Windows 95 came bundled with the [[Online service provider|online service]] [[MSN]], which was at first intended to be a competitor to the Internet,{{Dubious|date=May 2019|reason="The Internet" is a huge network of cables, microwave links and switching equipment, and even Microsoft at the time didn't have the financial means to replicate it, nor would there have been any business reason to do so.}} and (for OEMs) [[Internet Explorer]], a [[Web browser]]. Internet Explorer was not bundled with the retail Windows 95 boxes, because the boxes were printed before the team finished the Web browser, and instead was included in the Windows 95 Plus! pack.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://winsupersite.com/windows-live/msn-inside-story |title=MSN: The Inside Story |work=Supersite for Windows |last=Thurrott |first=Paul |publisher=[[Penton (company)|Penton Media]] |date=May 19, 2005 |access-date=July 17, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100523202530/http://www.winsupersite.com/showcase/msn_inside_01.asp |archive-date=May 23, 2010}}</ref> Backed by a high-profile marketing campaign<ref>Edwards, Benj (August 24, 2020).[https://www.howtogeek.com/685668/windows-95-turns-25-heres-how-it-transformed-pcs/ "Windows 95 Turns 25: When Windows Went Mainstream."] ''How To Geek''. Retrieved November 29, 2020.</ref> and what ''[[The New York Times]]'' called "the splashiest, most frenzied, most expensive introduction of a computer product in the industry's history,"<ref>Chew, Jonathan (August 24, 2015). [https://fortune.com/2015/08/24/20-years-microsoft-windows-95/ "Microsoft Launched This Product 20 Years Ago and Changed the World."] ''[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]]''. Retrieved November 29, 2020.</ref> Windows 95 quickly became a success.<ref>Wild, Chris (August 24, 2015).[https://mashable.com/2015/08/24/windows-95-launch/?europe=true "Aug. 24, 1995: Launching Windows 95."] ''[[Mashable]]''. Retrieved November 29, 2020.</ref> Branching out into new markets in 1996, Microsoft and [[General Electric]]'s [[NBC]] unit created a new [[24/7 service|24/7]] cable news channel, [[MSNBC]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://marketplace.publicradio.org/shows/1996/07/15_mpp.html |title=Marketplace: News Archives |work=Marketplace |publisher=American Public Media |date=July 15, 1996 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040823174040/http://marketplace.publicradio.org/shows/1996/07/15_mpp.html |archive-date=August 23, 2004}}</ref> Microsoft created [[Windows Embedded Compact#Versions|Windows CE 1.0]], a new OS designed for devices with low memory and other constraints, such as [[personal digital assistant]]s.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.hpcfactor.com/support/windowsce/ |last=Tilly |first=Chris |title=The History of Microsoft Windows CE |work=HPC:Factor |access-date=August 18, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080921144050/http://www.hpcfactor.com/support/windowsce/ |archive-date=September 21, 2008 |url-status=live}}</ref> In October 1997, the Justice Department filed a motion in the Federal [[United States district court|District Court]], stating that Microsoft violated an agreement signed in 1994 and asked the court to stop the bundling of [[Internet Explorer]] with Windows.<ref name="Allan 2001" />{{Rp|323–324|date=November 2012}}

[[File:Xbox-console.jpg|thumb|Microsoft released the first installment in the [[Xbox]] series of consoles in 2001. The [[Xbox (console)|Xbox]], graphically powerful compared to its rivals, featured a standard PC's 733 MHz Intel Pentium III processor.]]
On January 13, 2000, Bill Gates handed over the CEO position to [[Steve Ballmer]], an old college friend of Gates and employee of the company since 1980, while creating a new position for himself as Chief [[Software architect|Software Architect]].<ref name="Allan 2001" />{{Rp|111, 228|date=November 2012}}<ref name="BBCTL" /> Various companies including Microsoft formed the [[Trusted Computing Group|Trusted Computing Platform Alliance]] in October 1999 to (among other things) increase security and protect [[intellectual property]] through identifying changes in hardware and software. Critics decried the alliance as a way to enforce indiscriminate restrictions over how consumers use software, and over how computers behave, and as a form of [[digital rights management]]: for example the scenario where a computer is not only secured for its owner, but also secured against its owner as well.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/06/20/technology/20CODE.html?pagewanted=1 |title=Fears of Misuse of Encryption System Are Voiced |work=[[The New York Times]] |last=Markoff |first=John |date=June 20, 2002 |access-date=July 7, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511201709/http://www.nytimes.com/2002/06/20/technology/20CODE.html?pagewanted=1 |archive-date=May 11, 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~fms27/papers/2003-stajano-shifting.pdf |last=Stajano |first=Frank |title=Software Security — Theories and Systems |chapter=Security for whom? The shifting security assumptions of pervasive computing |series=Lecture Notes in Computer Science |journal=Software Security—Theories and Systems |volume=2609 |pages=16–27 |publisher=Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg |year=2003 |access-date=July 6, 2010 |doi=10.1007/3-540-36532-X_2 |isbn=978-3-540-00708-1 |citeseerx=10.1.1.127.7219 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110128164236/http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~fms27/papers/2003-stajano-shifting.pdf |archive-date=January 28, 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref> On April 3, 2000, a judgment was handed down in the case of ''[[United States v. Microsoft Corp.]]'',<ref>{{Cite web |title=United States v. Microsoft |url=https://www.justice.gov/atr/cases/ms_index.htm |publisher=U.S. Department of Justice |access-date=August 5, 2005 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050804043753/http://www.justice.gov/atr/cases/ms_index.htm |archive-date=August 4, 2005 |url-status=live}}</ref> calling the company an "abusive monopoly."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jackson |first=Thomas Penfield |url=https://www.justice.gov/atr/cases/f3800/msjudgex.htm |title=U.S. vs. Microsoft findings of fact |publisher=U.S. Department of Justice |date=November 5, 1999 |access-date=August 18, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100815034900/http://www.justice.gov/atr/cases/f3800/msjudgex.htm |archive-date=August 15, 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref> Microsoft later settled with the U.S. Department of Justice in 2004.<ref name="CBSCHRON" /> On October 25, 2001, Microsoft released [[Windows XP]], unifying the mainstream and NT lines of OS under the NT codebase.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.windowsitpro.com/article/windows-xp2/wininfo-short-takes-windows-xp-launch-special-edition.aspx |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120526200156/http://www.windowsitpro.com/article/windows-xp2/wininfo-short-takes-windows-xp-launch-special-edition.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-date=May 26, 2012 |title=WinInfo Short Takes: Windows XP Launch Special Edition |last=Thurrott |first=Paul |work=Windows IT Pro |publisher=Penton Media |date=October 26, 2001 |access-date=July 16, 2010}}</ref> The company released the [[Xbox (console)|Xbox]] later that year, entering the [[video game console]] market dominated by [[Sony]] and [[Nintendo]].<ref>{{Cite press release |date=February 7, 2002 |title=NPD Reports Annual 2001 U.S. Interactive Entertainment Sales Shatter Industry Record |url=http://www.npd.com/dynamic/releases/press_020207.htm |location=[[Port Washington, New York]] |publisher=[[The NPD Group]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040814133238/http://www.npd.com/dynamic/releases/press_020207.htm |archive-date=August 14, 2004 |access-date=January 28, 2015}}</ref> In March 2004 the [[European Union]] brought [[Microsoft Corp. v. Commission|antitrust legal action against the company]], citing it abused its dominance with the Windows OS, resulting in a judgment of €497 million ($613 million) and requiring Microsoft to produce new versions of Windows XP without [[Windows Media Player]]: Windows XP Home Edition N and Windows XP Professional N.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.cnn.com/2004/BUSINESS/03/24/microsoft.eu |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060413082435/http://www.cnn.com/2004/BUSINESS/03/24/microsoft.eu |archive-date=April 13, 2006 |title=Microsoft hit by record EU fine |work=CNN |date=March 25, 2004 |access-date=August 14, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Commission Decision of 24.03.2004 relating to a proceeding under Article 82 of the EC Treaty (Case COMP/C-3/37.792 Microsoft) |publisher=Commission of the European Communities |url=http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:62004A0201:EN:NOT |date=April 21, 2004 |access-date=August 5, 2005 |format=PDF |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011131514/http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:62004A0201:EN:NOT |archive-date=October 11, 2007 |url-status=live}}</ref> In November 2005, the company's second video game console, the [[Xbox 360]], was released. There were two versions, a basic version for $299.99 and a deluxe version for $399.99.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://money.cnn.com/2005/08/17/commentary/game_over/column_gaming/index.htm |title=Microsoft sets price for Xbox 360—Aug. 17, 2005 |last=Morris |first=Game Over is a weekly column by Chris |website=money.cnn.com |access-date=January 4, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180425204850/http://money.cnn.com/2005/08/17/commentary/game_over/column_gaming/index.htm |archive-date=April 25, 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>

Increasingly present in the hardware business following Xbox, Microsoft in 2006 released the [[Zune]] series of digital media players, a successor of its previous software platform [[Portable Media Center]]. These expanded on previous hardware commitments from Microsoft following its original [[Microsoft Mouse]] in 1983; as of 2007 the company sold the best-selling wired keyboard ([[Microsoft ergonomic keyboards|Natural Ergonomic Keyboard 4000]]), mouse ([[IntelliMouse]]), and desktop webcam ([[LifeCam]]) in the United States. That year the company also launched the Surface "digital table", later renamed [[Microsoft PixelSense|PixelSense]].<ref>https://news.microsoft.com/2007/08/22/a-microsoft-milestone-hardware-celebrates-25-years-of-proven-success/</ref>

=== 2007–2011: Microsoft Azure, Windows Vista, Windows 7, and Microsoft Stores ===
[[File:Steve Ballmer - MIX 2008.jpg|thumb|left|CEO [[Steve Ballmer]] at the [[MIX (Microsoft)|MIX]] event in 2008. In an interview about his management style in 2005, he mentioned that his first priority was to get the people he delegates to in order. Ballmer also emphasized the need to continue pursuing new technologies even if initial attempts fail, citing the original attempts with Windows as an example.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Steve Ballmer on management style |url=http://www.itworld.com/051109ballmerinterview |work=ITWorld |agency=CIO Asia |publisher=[[International Data Group|IDG]] |date=November 10, 2005 |first=Gerald |last=Wee |access-date=January 29, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110514145636/http://www.itworld.com/051109ballmerinterview |archive-date=May 14, 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref>]]
[[File:Belgique - Bruxelles - Schuman - Berlaymont - 01.jpg|thumb|Headquarters of the European Commission, which has imposed several fines on Microsoft]]
Released in January 2007, the next version of Windows, [[Windows Vista|Vista]], focused on features, security and a redesigned user interface dubbed [[Windows Aero|Aero]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://reviews.cnet.com/windows/windows-vista-ultimate/4505-3672_7-32013603.html |title=Windows Vista Ultimate review |date=January 23, 2007 |access-date=April 4, 2012 |last=Vamosi |first=Robert |work=[[CNET]] |publisher=[[CBS Interactive]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120406015257/http://reviews.cnet.com/windows/windows-vista-ultimate/4505-3672_7-32013603.html |archive-date=April 6, 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.informationweek.com/gates-says-security-is-job-one-for-vista-/d/d-id/1040561 |title=Gates Says Security Is Job One For Vista |date=February 14, 2006 |access-date=April 4, 2012 |last=Ricadela |first=Aaron |work=[[InformationWeek]] |publisher=UBM TechWeb |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120318064254/http://informationweek.com/news/180201580 |archive-date=March 18, 2012 }}</ref> [[Microsoft Office 2007]], released at the same time, featured a "[[Ribbon (computing)|Ribbon]]" user interface which was a significant departure from its predecessors. Relatively strong sales of both products helped to produce a record profit in 2007.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.scotsman.com/news/vista-gives-microsoft-view-of-record-profit-1-1316524 |title=Vista gives Microsoft view of record profit |work=Edinburgh Evening News |date=April 27, 2007 |publisher=[[Johnston Press]] |access-date=February 1, 2009}}</ref> The European Union imposed another fine of €899 million ($1.4 billion) for Microsoft's lack of compliance with the March 2004 judgment on February 27, 2008, saying that the company charged rivals unreasonable prices for key information about its [[Microsoft SQL Server|workgroup]] and [[Microsoft BackOffice Server|backoffice]] servers. Microsoft stated that it was in compliance and that "these fines are about the past issues that have been resolved".<ref>{{Cite news |title=AFP:EU hits Microsoft with record 899 million euro antitrust fine |url=http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5iozBXlp2nzuVxnMx_SwmtKvi7C-w |agency=[[Agence France-Presse]] |work=[[Google News]] |date=February 27, 2008 |access-date=June 1, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080430164250/http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5iozBXlp2nzuVxnMx_SwmtKvi7C-w |archive-date=April 30, 2008}}</ref> 2007 also saw the creation of a multi-core unit at Microsoft, following the steps of server companies such as Sun and IBM.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.serverwatch.com/trends/article.php/3657451/Microsoft-Multicore-and-the-Data-Center.htm |title=Microsoft, Multi-core and the Data Center |access-date=March 18, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130406115001/http://www.serverwatch.com/trends/article.php/3657451/Microsoft-Multicore-and-the-Data-Center.htm |archive-date=April 6, 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref>

Gates retired from his role as Chief Software Architect on June 27, 2008, a decision announced in June 2006, while retaining other positions related to the company in addition to being an advisor for the company on key projects.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,1977363,00.asp |title=Bill Gates Announces Resignation |author-link=Natali Morris |last=Conte |first=Natali Del |work=[[PC Magazine]] |publisher=[[Ziff Davis]] |date=June 15, 2006 |access-date=July 17, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100420070747/http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,1977363,00.asp |archive-date=April 20, 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/3357698/Bill-Gates-steps-down-as-Microsoft-head-to-concentrate-on-philanthropy.html |title=Bill Gates steps down as Microsoft head to concentrate on philanthropy |last=Beaumont |first=Claudine |work=[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]] |date=June 27, 2008 |access-date=January 9, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313023003/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/3357698/Bill-Gates-steps-down-as-Microsoft-head-to-concentrate-on-philanthropy.html |archive-date=March 13, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Microsoft Azure|Azure Services Platform]], the company's entry into the [[cloud computing]] market for Windows, launched on October 27, 2008.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://news.cnet.com/microsoft-launches-windows-azure/ |title=Microsoft launches Windows Azure |work=CNET |publisher=CBS Interactive |first=Ina |last=Fried |author-link=Ina Fried |date=October 27, 2008 |access-date=July 6, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110510020425/http://news.cnet.com/microsoft-launches-windows-azure/ |archive-date=May 10, 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref> On February 12, 2009, Microsoft announced its intent to open a chain of Microsoft-branded retail stores, and on October 22, 2009, the first retail [[Microsoft Store (retail)|Microsoft Store]] opened in [[Scottsdale, Arizona]]; the same day [[Windows 7]] was officially released to the public. Windows 7's focus was on refining Vista with ease-of-use features and performance enhancements, rather than an extensive reworking of Windows.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://news.cnet.com/8301-13860_3-10163206-56.html |title=Microsoft follows Apple into the retail business |work=CNET |publisher=CBS Interactive |first=Ina |last=Fried |author-link=Ina Fried |date=February 12, 2009 |access-date=July 17, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110510020436/http://news.cnet.com/8301-13860_3-10163206-56.html |archive-date=May 10, 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2009/10/22/us-microsoft-store-idUSTRE59L5E220091022 |title=Long lines as Microsoft opens retail store |work=[[Reuters]] |publisher=[[Thomson Reuters]] |last=Gaynor |first=Tim |date=October 22, 2009 |access-date=July 3, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110204102408/http://www.reuters.com/article/2009/10/22/us-microsoft-store-idUSTRE59L5E220091022 |archive-date=February 4, 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/id/33429899 |title=Windows 7 operating system makes its debut |work=[[NBCNews.com]] |publisher=[[NBCUniversal]] |agency=Associated Press |last=Mintz |first=Jessica |date=October 22, 2009 |access-date=April 4, 2012}}</ref>

As the smartphone industry boomed in the late 2000s, Microsoft had struggled to keep up with its rivals in providing a modern smartphone operating system, falling behind [[Apple Inc.|Apple]] and [[Google]]-sponsored [[Android (operating system)|Android]] in the United States.<ref>https://money.cnn.com/2010/10/11/technology/windows_phone_7/index.htm</ref> As a result, in 2010 Microsoft revamped their aging flagship mobile operating system, [[Windows Mobile]], replacing it with the new [[Windows Phone]] OS that was released in October that year. It used a new user interface design language, codenamed "Metro", which prominently used simple shapes, typography and iconography, utilizing the concept of minimalism. Microsoft implemented a new strategy for the software industry, providing a consistent user experience across all smartphones using the Windows Phone OS. It launched an alliance with [[Nokia]] in 2011 and Microsoft worked closely with the company to co-develop Windows Phone,<ref>https://www.marketingweek.com/nokia-to-partner-with-microsoft-under-new-structure/</ref> but remained partners with long-time Windows Mobile OEM [[HTC]].<ref>https://www.theverge.com/2012/9/19/3356676/htc-microsoft-windows-phone-8-marketing-partnership</ref> Microsoft is a founding member of the [[Open Networking Foundation]] started on March 23, 2011. Fellow founders were [[Google]], [[Hewlett Packard Enterprise Networking|HP Networking]], [[Yahoo!]], [[Verizon Communications]], [[Deutsche Telekom]] and 17 other companies. This nonprofit organization is focused on providing support for a [[cloud computing]] initiative called Software-Defined Networking.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.openflow.org/wp/2011/03/open-networking-foundation-formed-to-speed-network-innovation/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110326044008/http://www.openflow.org/wp/2011/03/open-networking-foundation-formed-to-speed-network-innovation/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=March 26, 2011 |title=Open Networking Foundation News Release |first=David |last=Erickson |work=Openflow.org |date=March 21, 2011 |access-date=May 29, 2011}}</ref> The initiative is meant to speed innovation through simple software changes in telecommunications networks, wireless networks, data centers and other networking areas.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.computerworld.com.au/article/380663/google_other_titans_form_open_networking_foundation/?fp=4&fpid=78268965 |title="Google and other titans form Open Networking Foundation." Noyes, March 23, 2011 |work=[[Computerworld]] |publisher=[[International Data Group|IDG]] |date=March 23, 2011 |access-date=May 29, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110406121956/http://www.computerworld.com.au/article/380663/google_other_titans_form_open_networking_foundation/?fp=4&fpid=78268965 |archive-date=April 6, 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref>

=== 2011–2014: Windows 8/8.1, Xbox One, Outlook.com, and Surface devices ===
[[File:SurfacePro3.JPG|thumb|[[Surface Pro 3]], part of the [[Microsoft Surface|Surface]] series of laplets by Microsoft]]
Following the release of [[Windows Phone]], Microsoft undertook a gradual [[rebranding]] of its product range throughout 2011 and 2012, with the corporation's logos, products, services and websites adopting the principles and concepts of the [[Metro (design language)|Metro design language]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://windowsteamblog.com/windows_phone/b/wpdev/archive/2010/03/18/windows-phone-7-series-ui-design-amp-interaction-guide.aspx |title=Windows Phone 7 Series UI Design & Interaction Guide |access-date=October 9, 2010 |date=March 18, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130527071856/http://blogs.windows.com/windows_phone/b/wpdev/archive/2010/03/18/windows-phone-7-series-ui-design-amp-interaction-guide.aspx |archive-date=May 27, 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref> Microsoft unveiled [[Windows 8]], an operating system designed to power both personal computers and [[tablet computer]]s, in Taipei in June 2011.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/industry-and-economy/info-tech/article3479381.ece |title=Microsoft releases final test version of Windows 8 |work=[[Business Line]] |publisher=Kasturi & Sons |date=June 1, 2012 |access-date=August 4, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120828170727/http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/industry-and-economy/info-tech/article3479381.ece |archive-date=August 28, 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref> A developer preview was released on September 13, which was subsequently replaced by a consumer preview on February 29, 2012, and released to the public in May.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/g/a/2011/01/05/businessinsider-microsoft-spills-beans-on--at-ces-2011-1.DTL |title=OK, So Windows 8 Is Coming To ARM Tablets ... Someday (MSFT) |newspaper=[[San Francisco Chronicle]] |first=Matt |last=Rosoff |date=January 5, 2011 |access-date=January 5, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629064811/http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=%2Fg%2Fa%2F2011%2F01%2F05%2Fbusinessinsider-microsoft-spills-beans-on--at-ces-2011-1.DTL |archive-date=June 29, 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Microsoft Surface|Surface]] was unveiled on June 18, becoming the first computer in the company's history to have its hardware made by Microsoft.<ref>{{cite magazine |last=Sullivan |first=Mark |url=http://www.pcworld.com/article/257840/microsoft_announces_new_surface_tablet_pc.html |title=Microsoft Announces New 'Surface' Tablet PC |magazine=PCWorld |date=June 18, 2012 |access-date=June 19, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130208230356/http://www.pcworld.com/article/257840/microsoft_announces_new_surface_tablet_pc.html |archive-date=February 8, 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="VF2012">Eichenwald, Kurt, [https://vanityfair.com/business/2012/08/microsoft-lost-mojo-steve-ballmer "Microsoft's Lost Decade: How Microsoft Lost Its Mojo"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130816012416/http://www.vanityfair.com/business/2012/08/microsoft-lost-mojo-steve-ballmer |date=August 16, 2013}}, ''[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]'', August 2012</ref> On June 25, Microsoft paid US$1.2 billion to buy the social network [[Yammer]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Microsoft buys Internet startup Yammer for $1.2 billion |url=https://www.usatoday.com/tech/news/story/2012-06-25/microsoft-yammer-aquisition/55811172/1 |work=[[USA Today]] |publisher=[[Gannett|Gannett Company]] |first=Byron |last=Acohido |date=June 25, 2012 |access-date=June 25, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120626105139/http://www.usatoday.com/tech/news/story/2012-06-25/microsoft-yammer-aquisition/55811172/1 |archive-date=June 26, 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref> On July 31, they launched the [[Outlook.com]] [[Webmail|webmail service]] to compete with [[Gmail]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.winsupersite.com/article/windows-live/outlookcom-mail-microsoft-reimagines-webmail-143877 |title=Outlook.com Mail: Microsoft Reimagines Webmail |first=Paul |last=Thurrott |author-link=Paul Thurrott |date=July 31, 2012 |work=Supersite for Windows |publisher=[[Penton (company)|Penton Media]] |access-date=August 1, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120803011439/http://www.winsupersite.com/article/windows-live/outlookcom-mail-microsoft-reimagines-webmail-143877 |archive-date=August 3, 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> On September 4, 2012, Microsoft released [[Windows Server 2012]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/server-cloud/new.aspx |title=Windows Server 2012 "Save the Date" Announcement |date=August 8, 2012 |publisher=Microsoft |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131107032736/http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/server-cloud/new.aspx |archive-date=November 7, 2013}}</ref>

In July 2012, Microsoft sold its 50% stake in MSNBC, which it had run as a joint venture with NBC since 1996.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Venkatesan |first1=Adithya |last2=Mukherjee |first2=Supantha |last3=Leske |first3=Nicola |title=Comcast buys Microsoft stake in MSNBC.com |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2012/07/16/us-msnbc-microsoft-idUSBRE86F04W20120716 |access-date=February 13, 2015 |work=Reuters |date=July 16, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150213235010/http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/07/16/us-msnbc-microsoft-idUSBRE86F04W20120716 |archive-date=February 13, 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> On October 1, Microsoft announced its intention to launch a news operation, part of a new-look [[MSN]], with Windows 8 later in the month.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2012/10/01/us-microsoft-msn-idUSBRE8900WN20121001 |title=Microsoft launching news operation, new MSN |work=Reuters |access-date=October 1, 2012 |first=Bill |last=Rigby |date=October 1, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121002064137/http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/10/01/us-microsoft-msn-idUSBRE8900WN20121001 |archive-date=October 2, 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref> On October 26, 2012, Microsoft launched Windows 8 and the [[Microsoft Surface]].<ref name="VF2012" /><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.zdnet.com/windows-8s-delivery-date-october-26-7000001158/ |title=Windows 8's delivery date: October 26 |newspaper=ZDNet |date=July 18, 2012 |access-date=September 17, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120919182044/http://www.zdnet.com/windows-8s-delivery-date-october-26-7000001158/ |archive-date=September 19, 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref> Three days later, [[Windows Phone 8]] was launched.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.liveside.net/2012/08/30/mary-jo-foley-windows-phone-8-launch-dates-revealed/ |title=Mary Jo Foley: Windows Phone 8 launch date revealed |publisher=LiveSide.net |date=August 30, 2012 |access-date=November 27, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103151119/http://www.liveside.net/2012/08/30/mary-jo-foley-windows-phone-8-launch-dates-revealed/ |archive-date=November 3, 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref> To cope with the potential for an increase in demand for products and services, Microsoft opened a number of "holiday stores" across the U.S. to complement the increasing number of "bricks-and-mortar" Microsoft Stores that opened in 2012.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.wpcentral.com/microsoft-prepping-everything-complete-brand-and-product-relaunch |title=Microsoft prepping for complete brand and product line relaunch, New York store coming the 26th |publisher=wpcentral.com |access-date=November 3, 2012 |date=October 2, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121102010038/http://www.wpcentral.com/microsoft-prepping-everything-complete-brand-and-product-relaunch |archive-date=November 2, 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref> On March 29, 2013, Microsoft launched a Patent Tracker.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://thenextweb.com/microsoft/2013/03/28/microsoft-launches-patent-tracker-to-help-you-search-its-library-of-intellectual-property/ |title=Microsoft launches 'Patent Tracker' to help you search its library of intellectual property |work=The Next Web |date=March 28, 2013 |access-date=March 29, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130331031250/http://thenextweb.com/microsoft/2013/03/28/microsoft-launches-patent-tracker-to-help-you-search-its-library-of-intellectual-property/ |archive-date=March 31, 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref>

In August 2012, the [[New York City Police Department]] announced a partnership with Microsoft for the development of the [[Domain Awareness System]] which is used for [[Police surveillance in New York City]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/nypd-unveils-new-40-million-super-computer-system-data-network-cameras-license-plate-readers-crime-reports-article-1.1132135 |title=NYPD unveils new $40 million super computer system that uses data from network of cameras, license plate readers and crime reports |last1=Parascandola|first1=Rocco|last2=Moore|first2=Tina |website=New York Daily News |access-date=June 15, 2019}}</ref>

[[File:Xbox One Console Set.jpg|thumb|left|The [[Xbox One]] console, released in 2013]]
The [[Kinect]], a motion-sensing input device made by Microsoft and designed as a [[Game controller|video game controller]], first introduced in November 2010, was upgraded for the 2013 release of the [[Xbox One]] video game console. Kinect's capabilities were revealed in May 2013: an ultra-wide 1080p camera, function in the dark due to an infrared sensor, higher-end processing power and new software, the ability to distinguish between fine movements (such as a thumb movement), and determining a user's heart rate by looking at their face.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The all-seeing Kinect: tracking my face, arms, body and heart on the Xbox One |url=https://www.theverge.com/2013/5/21/4353232/kinect-xbox-one-hands-on/in/4116279 |work=The Verge |publisher=[[Vox Media]] |access-date=May 28, 2013 |first=David |last=Pierce |date=May 21, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130607054123/http://www.theverge.com/2013/5/21/4353232/kinect-xbox-one-hands-on/in/4116279 |archive-date=June 7, 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref> Microsoft filed a patent application in 2011 that suggests that the corporation may use the Kinect camera system to monitor the behavior of television viewers as part of a plan to make the viewing experience more interactive. On July 19, 2013, Microsoft stocks suffered their biggest one-day percentage sell-off since the year 2000, after its fourth-quarter report raised concerns among the investors on the poor showings of both Windows 8 and the Surface tablet. Microsoft suffered a loss of more than US$32 billion.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://news.cnet.com/8301-10805_3-57594612-75/funky-friday-more-than-$32-billion-in-microsoft-stock-value-wiped-out/ |title=Funky Friday: More than $32 billion in Microsoft stock value wiped out | Microsoft—CNET News |publisher=News.cnet.com |access-date=July 21, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130822073858/http://news.cnet.com/8301-10805_3-57594612-75/funky-friday-more-than-$32-billion-in-microsoft-stock-value-wiped-out/ |archive-date=August 22, 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref>

In line with the maturing PC business, in July 2013, Microsoft announced that it would reorganize the business into four new business divisions, namely Operating System, Apps, Cloud, and Devices. All previous divisions will be dissolved into new divisions without any workforce cuts.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.fiercemobileit.com/story/microsofts-sweeping-reorganization-shifts-focus-services-devices/2013-07-11 |title=Microsoft's sweeping reorganization shifts focus to services, devices |date=July 11, 2013 |access-date=October 28, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131026191536/http://www.fiercemobileit.com/story/microsofts-sweeping-reorganization-shifts-focus-services-devices/2013-07-11 |archive-date=October 26, 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref> On September 3, 2013, Microsoft agreed to buy [[Nokia]]'s mobile unit for $7 billion,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.theverge.com/2013/9/2/4688530/microsoft-buys-nokias-devices-and-services-unit-unites-windows-phone/in/4453001 |title=Microsoft buying Nokia's phone business in a $7.2 billion bid for its mobile future |date=September 3, 2013 |access-date=September 5, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170929192139/https://www.theverge.com/2013/9/2/4688530/microsoft-buys-nokias-devices-and-services-unit-unites-windows-phone/in/4453001 |archive-date=September 29, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> following [[Amy Hood]] taking the role of CFO.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2013/05/08/us-microsoft-cfo-idUSBRE94711Q20130508 |title=Microsoft names insider Amy Hood as CFO |agency=Reuters.com |date=May 8, 2013 |access-date=April 18, 2014 |newspaper=Reuters |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140409123351/http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/05/08/us-microsoft-cfo-idUSBRE94711Q20130508 |archive-date=April 9, 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref>
{{Clear}}

=== 2014–2020: Windows 10, Microsoft Edge, HoloLens ===
[[File:Satya smiling-print.jpg|thumb|[[Satya Nadella]] succeeded [[Steve Ballmer]] as the [[Chief executive officer|CEO]] of Microsoft in February 2014]]
On February 4, 2014, [[Steve Ballmer]] stepped down as [[Chief executive officer|CEO]] of Microsoft and was succeeded by [[Satya Nadella]], who previously led Microsoft's Cloud and Enterprise division.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Microsoft CEO Steve Ballmer to retire within 12 months |url=https://news.microsoft.com/2013/08/23/microsoft-ceo-steve-ballmer-to-retire-within-12-months/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130823130816/http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/news/press/2013/aug13/08-23AnnouncementPR.aspx |archive-date=August 23, 2013 |date=August 23, 2013}}</ref> On the same day, [[John W. Thompson]] took on the role of chairman, in place of Bill Gates, who continued to participate as a technology advisor.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=David |first1=Javier E |title=Nadella named new Microsoft CEO as Gates era ends |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/business/microsoft-names-satya-nadella-ceo-2D12054182 |website=[[NBCNews.com]] |publisher=[[NBCUniversal]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140205010025/https://www.nbcnews.com/business/microsoft-names-satya-nadella-ceo-2D12054182 |archive-date=February 5, 2014 |date=February 5, 2014}}</ref> Thompson became the second chairman in Microsoft's history.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.theroot.com/john-w-thompson-to-become-1st-black-chairman-of-micros-1790874479 |title=John W. Thompson to Become 1st Black Chairman of Microsoft |last=Edwards |first=Breanna |work=The Root |access-date=February 1, 2018 |language=en-US |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180202012807/https://www.theroot.com/john-w-thompson-to-become-1st-black-chairman-of-micros-1790874479 |archive-date=February 2, 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> On April 25, 2014, Microsoft acquired Nokia Devices and Services for $7.2 billion.<ref>{{cite news |title=Microsoft to close its acquisition of Nokia's devices and services business on April 25 |url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-04-22/news/49318731_1_nokia-india-nokia-corp-microsoft-corp |newspaper=The Economic Times |access-date=May 25, 2016 |date=April 22, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160805051448/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-04-22/news/49318731_1_nokia-india-nokia-corp-microsoft-corp |archive-date=August 5, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> This new subsidiary was renamed Microsoft Mobile Oy.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Borges |first1=Andre |title=Nokia phone division to be renamed Microsoft Mobile, reveals leaked letter |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/scitech/report-nokia-phone-division-to-be-renamed-microsoft-mobile-reveals-leaked-letter-1980628 |publisher=dna |access-date=May 25, 2016 |date=April 21, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161015073328/http://www.dnaindia.com/scitech/report-nokia-phone-division-to-be-renamed-microsoft-mobile-reveals-leaked-letter-1980628 |archive-date=October 15, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> On September 15, 2014, Microsoft acquired the video game development company [[Mojang]], best known for ''[[Minecraft]]'', for $2.5 billion.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Hutchinson |first1=Lee |title=It's official: Microsoft acquires Mojang and Minecraft for $2.5 billion |url=https://arstechnica.com/gaming/2014/09/its-official-microsoft-acquires-mojang-and-minecraft-for-2-5-billion/ |website=Ars Technica |access-date=September 19, 2014 |ref=152 |date=September 15, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140919004256/http://arstechnica.com/gaming/2014/09/its-official-microsoft-acquires-mojang-and-minecraft-for-2-5-billion/ |archive-date=September 19, 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref> On June 8, 2017, Microsoft acquired Hexadite, an Israeli security firm, for $100 million.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Dellinger |first1=AJ |title=Microsoft Buys Cybersecurity Company Hexadite To Respond To Cyberattacks |url=http://www.ibtimes.com/microsoft-buys-cybersecurity-company-hexadite-respond-cyberattacks-2549768 |website=[[International Business Times]] |date=June 8, 2017 |access-date=June 9, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170608231948/http://www.ibtimes.com/microsoft-buys-cybersecurity-company-hexadite-respond-cyberattacks-2549768 |archive-date=June 8, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Microsoft agrees to buy U.S.-Israeli cyber firm Hexadite |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-microsoft-m-a-hexadite-idUSKBN18Z1XP |work=Reuters |date=June 8, 2017 |access-date=June 9, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170609043207/http://www.reuters.com/article/us-microsoft-m-a-hexadite-idUSKBN18Z1XP |archive-date=June 9, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref>

On January 21, 2015, Microsoft announced the release of their first [[Interactive whiteboard]], [[Surface Hub|Microsoft Surface Hub]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Microsoft at MWC 2015: Lumia 640 and 640 XL Announced, 4K 120Hz Surface Hub Demoed |url=http://anandtech.com/show/9030/microsoft-lumia-640-640-xl-4k-120hz-surface-hub |access-date=September 27, 2015 |first=Ian Cutress, Andrei |last=Frumusanu |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150927230334/http://anandtech.com/show/9030/microsoft-lumia-640-640-xl-4k-120hz-surface-hub |archive-date=September 27, 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> On July 29, 2015, [[Windows 10]] was released,<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Howse |first1=Brett |title=Windows 10 Launches Worldwide |url=http://www.anandtech.com/show/9471/windows-10-launches-worldwide |publisher=AnandTech |access-date=May 25, 2016 |date=July 29, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160624141118/http://www.anandtech.com/show/9471/windows-10-launches-worldwide |archive-date=June 24, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> with its server sibling, [[Windows Server 2016]], released in September 2016. In Q1 2015, Microsoft was the third largest maker of mobile phones, selling 33 million units (7.2% of all). While a large majority (at least 75%) of them do not run any version of [[Windows Phone]]— those other phones are not categorized as [[smartphone]]s by Gartner{{Snd}} in the same time frame 8 million Windows smartphones (2.5% of all smartphones) were made by all manufacturers (but mostly by Microsoft).<ref>{{Cite press release |url=http://www.gartner.com/newsroom/id/3061917 |title=Gartner Says Emerging Markets Drove Worldwide Smartphone Sales to 19 Percent Growth in First Quarter of 2015 |publisher=Gartner |date=May 27, 2015 |access-date=July 28, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150614044340/http://www.gartner.com/newsroom/id/3061917 |archive-date=June 14, 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> Microsoft's share of the U.S. smartphone market in January 2016 was 2.7%.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.yahoo.com/tech/microsoft-windows-mobile-strategy-change-173738169.html |title=Microsoft needs to change its mobile strategy or get out |last=Howley |first=Daniel |date=May 25, 2016 |website=[[Yahoo! Tech]] |access-date=May 26, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160527025910/https://www.yahoo.com/tech/microsoft-windows-mobile-strategy-change-173738169.html |archive-date=May 27, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> During the summer of 2015 the company lost $7.6 billion related to its mobile-phone business, firing 7,800 employees.<ref name="WSJ: Microsoft to Streamline Smartphone Hardware Business">{{cite news |last1=Greene |first1=Jay |title=Microsoft to Streamline Smartphone Hardware Business |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/microsoft-to-streamline-smartphone-hardware-business-1464166803 |newspaper=The Wall Street Journal |access-date=May 25, 2016 |date=May 25, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160525095132/http://www.wsj.com/articles/microsoft-to-streamline-smartphone-hardware-business-1464166803 |archive-date=May 25, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref>

On March 1, 2016, Microsoft announced the merger of its PC and Xbox divisions, with Phil Spencer announcing that Universal Windows Platform (UWP) apps would be the focus for Microsoft's gaming in the future.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2016/mar/01/microsoft-to-unify-pc-and-xbox-one-platforms-ending-fixed-console-hardware |title=Microsoft to unify PC and Xbox One platforms, ending fixed console hardware |first=Keith |last=Stuart |work=[[TheGuardian.com|The Guardian]] |publisher=[[Guardian Media Group]] |date=March 2016 |access-date=December 12, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161217085439/https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2016/mar/01/microsoft-to-unify-pc-and-xbox-one-platforms-ending-fixed-console-hardware |archive-date=December 17, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> On January 24, 2017, Microsoft showcased Intune for Education at the [[BETT]] 2017 education technology conference in [[London]].<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Mehdi |first1=Yusuf |title=Announcing Intune for Education & new Windows 10 PCs for school starting at $189 |url=https://blogs.windows.com/windowsexperience/2017/01/24/announcing-intune-education-new-windows-10-pcs-school-starting-189/#bdsoyDTQ4EQqK1Lg.97 |website=The Official Microsoft Blog |access-date=January 25, 2017 |date=January 24, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170125192422/https://blogs.windows.com/windowsexperience/2017/01/24/announcing-intune-education-new-windows-10-pcs-school-starting-189/#bdsoyDTQ4EQqK1Lg.97 |archive-date=January 25, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> Intune for Education is a new cloud-based application and device management service for the education sector.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://techcrunch.com/2017/01/24/microsoft-launches-intune-for-education-to-counter-googles-chromebooks-in-schools/ |title=Microsoft launches Intune for Education to counter Google's Chromebooks in schools |work=TechCrunch |author=Frederic Lardinois |date=January 24, 2017 |access-date=January 25, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170125065925/https://techcrunch.com/2017/01/24/microsoft-launches-intune-for-education-to-counter-googles-chromebooks-in-schools/ |archive-date=January 25, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> In May 2016, the company announced it was laying off 1,850 workers, and taking an impairment and restructuring charge of $950 million.<ref name="WSJ: Microsoft to Streamline Smartphone Hardware Business" /> In June 2016, Microsoft announced a project named Microsoft Azure Information Protection. It aims to help enterprises protect their data as it moves between servers and devices.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://techcrunch.com/2016/06/22/microsoft-announces-new-data-protection-tool-to-help-enterprises-secure-their-data/ |title=Microsoft announces new data protection tool to help enterprises secure their data |work=Tech Crunch |date=June 22, 2016 |access-date=June 23, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160622190324/https://techcrunch.com/2016/06/22/microsoft-announces-new-data-protection-tool-to-help-enterprises-secure-their-data/ |archive-date=June 22, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> In November 2016, Microsoft joined the [[Linux Foundation]] as a Platinum member during Microsoft's Connect(); developer event in New York.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Microsoft has joined the Linux Foundation |url=https://www.linuxfoundation.org/announcements/microsoft-fortifies-commitment-to-open-source-becomes-linux-foundation-platinum |access-date=November 24, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161125174704/https://www.linuxfoundation.org/announcements/microsoft-fortifies-commitment-to-open-source-becomes-linux-foundation-platinum |archive-date=November 25, 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The cost of each Platinum membership is US$500,000 per year.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Microsoft joined linux foundation with yearly platinum membership |url=https://www.lockssl.com/microsoft-joins-linux-foundation/ |publisher=Lock SSL |access-date=November 24, 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202005415/https://www.lockssl.com/microsoft-joins-linux-foundation/ |archive-date=February 2, 2017}}</ref> Some analysts deemed this unthinkable ten years prior, however, as in 2001 then-CEO Steve Ballmer called Linux "cancer".<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.theverge.com/2016/11/16/13651940/microsoft-linux-foundation-membership |title=Microsoft joins the Linux Foundation, 15 years after Ballmer called it 'cancer' |last=Warren |first=Tom |date=November 11, 2016 |work=[[The Verge]] |publisher=[[Vox Media]] |access-date=August 18, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170816110931/https://www.theverge.com/2016/11/16/13651940/microsoft-linux-foundation-membership |archive-date=August 16, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> Microsoft planned to launch a preview of Intune for Education "in the coming weeks", with general availability scheduled for spring 2017, priced at $30 per device, or through volume licensing agreements.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.neowin.net/news/microsoft-introduces-intune-for-education-promising-simple-setup-and-management-of-devices |title=Microsoft introduces Intune for Education, promising simple setup and management of devices |publisher=Neowin |author=Andy Weir |date=January 24, 2017 |access-date=January 25, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170127080810/https://www.neowin.net/news/microsoft-introduces-intune-for-education-promising-simple-setup-and-management-of-devices |archive-date=January 27, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref>

[[File:Nokia & Microsoft Lumia devices.png|thumb|left|The [[Nokia Lumia 1320]], the [[Microsoft Lumia 535]] and the [[Nokia Lumia 530]], which all run on one of the now-discontinued [[Windows Phone]] operating systems]]
In January 2018, Microsoft patched [[Windows 10]] to account for CPU problems related to [[Meltdown (security vulnerability)|Intel's Meltdown security breach]]. The patch led to issues with the [[Microsoft Azure]] virtual machines reliant on Intel's CPU architecture. On January 12, Microsoft released [[PowerShell|PowerShell Core 6.0]] for the [[macOS]] and [[Linux]] operating systems.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |url=https://www.theregister.co.uk/2018/12/25/microsoft_year_in_review_2018/ |title=Microsoft's 2018, part 1: Open source, wobbly Windows and everyone's going to the cloud |access-date=January 3, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190103060059/https://www.theregister.co.uk/2018/12/25/microsoft_year_in_review_2018/ |archive-date=January 3, 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> In February 2018, Microsoft killed notification support for their [[Windows Phone]] devices which effectively ended firmware updates for the discontinued devices.<ref name="auto" /> In March 2018, Microsoft recalled [[Windows 10 editions#Discontinued editions|Windows 10 S]] to change it to a mode for the Windows operating system rather than a separate and unique operating system. In March the company also established guidelines that censor users of [[Office 365]] from using [[profanity]] in private documents.<ref name="auto" /> In April 2018, Microsoft released the source code for Windows [[File Manager (Windows)|File Manager]] under the [[MIT License]] to celebrate the program's 20th anniversary. In April the company further expressed willingness to embrace open source initiatives by announcing [[Azure Sphere]] as its own derivative of the [[Linux]] operating system.<ref name="auto" /> In May 2018, Microsoft partnered with 17 American intelligence agencies to develop [[cloud computing]] products. The project is dubbed "Azure Government" and has ties to the [[Joint Enterprise Defense Infrastructure]] (JEDI) surveillance program.<ref name="auto" /> On June 4, 2018, Microsoft officially announced the acquisition of [[GitHub]] for $7.5 billion, a deal that closed on October 26, 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://news.microsoft.com/2018/06/04/microsoft-to-acquire-github-for-7-5-billion/ |title=Microsoft to acquire GitHub for $7.5 billion |date=June 4, 2018 |website=Microsoft |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180604142244/https://news.microsoft.com/2018/06/04/microsoft-to-acquire-github-for-7-5-billion/ |archive-date=June 4, 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/technology/microsoft-completes-github-acquisition/ar-BBOVVOT |title=Microsoft completes GitHub acquisition |website=www.msn.com |access-date=April 10, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190112212059/https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/technology/microsoft-completes-github-acquisition/ar-BBOVVOT |archive-date=January 12, 2019 |url-status=dead }}</ref> On July 10, 2018, Microsoft revealed the [[Microsoft Surface Go|Surface Go]] platform to the public. Later in the month it converted [[Microsoft Teams]] to [[Gratis versus libre|gratis]].<ref name="auto" /> In August 2018, Microsoft released two projects called Microsoft AccountGuard and Defending Democracy. It also unveiled [[Qualcomm Snapdragon|Snapdragon 850]] compatibility for [[Windows 10]] on the [[ARM architecture]].<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Hackett |first1=Robert |title=Microsoft Offers Free Cybersecurity Tools to Political Candidates—But You've Got to Be a Microsoft Customer |url=http://fortune.com/2018/08/21/microsoft-free-cybersecurity-tools-midterm-election-facebook-google/ |access-date=August 24, 2018 |date=August 21, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180822112819/http://fortune.com/2018/08/21/microsoft-free-cybersecurity-tools-midterm-election-facebook-google/ |archive-date=August 22, 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Lerman |first1=Rachel |title=Microsoft releases new security tools for political campaigns to combat hacking attempts |url=https://www.seattletimes.com/business/microsoft/microsoft-releases-new-security-tools-for-political-campaigns-to-combat-hacking-attempts/ |access-date=August 24, 2018 |newspaper=The Seattle Times |date=August 20, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180824102040/https://www.seattletimes.com/business/microsoft/microsoft-releases-new-security-tools-for-political-campaigns-to-combat-hacking-attempts/ |archive-date=August 24, 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="auto" />

[[File:Apollo 11 astronaut Buzz Aldrin tries out Microsoft HoloLens (29794543715).jpg|thumb|upright|[[Apollo 11]] astronaut [[Buzz Aldrin]] using a [[Microsoft HoloLens]] mixed reality headset in September 2016]]
In August 2018, [[Toyota Tsusho]] began a partnership with Microsoft to create [[fish farming]] tools using the Microsoft Azure application suite for [[Internet of things]] (IoT) technologies related to water management. Developed in part by researchers from [[Kindai University]], the water pump mechanisms use [[artificial intelligence]] to count the number of fish on a [[conveyor belt]], analyze the number of fish, and deduce the effectiveness of water flow from the data the fish provide. The specific [[computer program]]s used in the process fall under the Azure Machine Learning and the Azure IoT Hub platforms.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.theregister.co.uk/2018/09/01/ai_roundup_310818/ |title=Google goes bilingual, Facebook fleshes out translation and TensorFlow is dope—And, Microsoft is assisting fish farmers in Japan |access-date=September 2, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180902114415/https://www.theregister.co.uk/2018/09/01/ai_roundup_310818/ |archive-date=September 2, 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> In September 2018, Microsoft discontinued [[Skype|Skype Classic]].<ref name="auto" /> On October 10, 2018, Microsoft joined the [[Open Invention Network]] community despite holding more than 60,000 patents.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.theregister.co.uk/2018/10/10/microsoft_open_invention_network/ |title=Microsoft has signed up to the Open Invention Network. We repeat. Microsoft has signed up to the OIN |access-date=October 14, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181011123124/https://www.theregister.co.uk/2018/10/10/microsoft_open_invention_network/ |archive-date=October 11, 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> In November 2018, Microsoft agreed to supply 100,000 [[Microsoft HoloLens]] headsets to the [[United States Armed Forces|United States military]] in order to "increase lethality by enhancing the ability to detect, decide and engage before the enemy."<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.theregister.co.uk/2018/11/29/microsoft_military_money/ |title=See this, Google? Microsoft happy to take a half-billion in sweet, sweet US military money to 'increase lethality' |access-date=November 30, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181130140427/https://www.theregister.co.uk/2018/11/29/microsoft_military_money/ |archive-date=November 30, 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> In November 2018, Microsoft introduced Azure Multi-Factor Authentication for Microsoft Azure.<ref name="R1BDM">{{Cite web |url=https://www.theregister.co.uk/2018/12/28/microsoft_2018_in_review_part_2/ |title=Microsoft's 2018, part 2: Azure data centres heat up and Windows 10? It burns! It burns! |access-date=January 3, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190104072728/https://www.theregister.co.uk/2018/12/28/microsoft_2018_in_review_part_2/ |archive-date=January 4, 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> In December 2018, Microsoft announced [[Project Mu]], an [[open source]] release of the [[Unified Extensible Firmware Interface]] (UEFI) core used in [[Microsoft Surface]] and [[Hyper-V]] products. The project promotes the idea of [[Project Mu|Firmware as a Service]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://betanews.com/2018/12/20/microsoft-project-mu/ |title=Microsoft announces Project Mu, an open-source release of the UEFI core |access-date=December 22, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181221230714/https://betanews.com/2018/12/20/microsoft-project-mu/ |archive-date=December 21, 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> In the same month, Microsoft announced the [[open source]] implementation of [[Windows Forms]] and the [[Windows Presentation Foundation]] (WPF) which will allow for further movement of the company toward the transparent release of key frameworks used in developing Windows desktop applications and software. December also saw the company discontinue the [[Microsoft Edge]] project in favor of [[Chromium (web browser)|Chromium]] backends for their browsers.<ref name="R1BDM" />

February 20, 2019 Microsoft Corp said it will offer its cyber security service AccountGuard to 12 new markets in Europe including Germany, France and Spain, to close security gaps and protect customers in political space from hacking.<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-microsoft-cyber-europe/microsoft-expands-political-security-service-to-12-european-countries-idUSKCN1Q90GF Microsoft expands political security service to 12 European countries] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190220093504/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-microsoft-cyber-europe/microsoft-expands-political-security-service-to-12-european-countries-idUSKCN1Q90GF |date=February 20, 2019}}, Reuters (February 20, 2019)</ref> In February 2019, hundreds of Microsoft employees protested the company's [[war profiteering]] from a $480 million contract to develop [[virtual reality headset]]s for the [[United States Army]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2019/feb/22/microsoft-protest-us-army-augmented-reality-headsets |title='We won't be war profiteers': Microsoft workers protest $480m army contract |newspaper=The Guardian |date=February 22, 2019 |last1=Wong |first1=Julia Carrie |access-date=February 23, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190223133132/https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2019/feb/22/microsoft-protest-us-army-augmented-reality-headsets |archive-date=February 23, 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>

=== 2020–present: Acquisitions, Xbox Series X/S ===

On March 26, 2020, Microsoft announced it was acquiring Affirmed Networks for about $1.35 billion.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Investor's Business Daily|url=https://www.investors.com/news/technology/microsoft-stock-reacts-head-scratcher-acquisition/|title=Microsoft Stock Reacts To 'Head-Scratcher' Acquisition {{!}} Investor's Business Daily|date=March 27, 2020|work=Investor's Business Daily|access-date=March 30, 2020|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://blogs.microsoft.com/blog/2020/03/26/microsoft-announces-agreement-to-acquire-affirmed-networks-to-deliver-new-opportunities-for-a-global-5g-ecosystem/|title=Microsoft announces agreement to acquire Affirmed Networks to deliver new opportunities for a global 5G ecosystem|date=March 26, 2020|website=The Official Microsoft Blog|language=en-US|access-date=March 30, 2020}}</ref>

Due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic]], Microsoft closed all of its retail stores indefinitely due to health concerns.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/microsoft-closing-retail-locations-novel-coronavirus-covid-2020-3|title=Microsoft is closing its retail stores around the world indefinitely because of the coronavirus crisis|publisher=[[Business Insider]]|access-date=March 17, 2020}}</ref>

On July 22, 2020, Microsoft announced plans to close its [[Mixer (service)|Mixer]] service, planning to move existing partners to [[Facebook Gaming]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.xbox.com/en-us/2020/06/22/bringing-more-players-into-our-gaming-vision|title=Bringing More Players Into Our Gaming Vision|publisher=Microsoft|access-date=August 17, 2020}}</ref>

On July 31, 2020, it was reported that Microsoft was in talks to acquire [[TikTok]] after the [[Presidency of Donald Trump|Trump administration]] ordered [[ByteDance]] to [[Divestment|divest]] ownership of the application to the U.S.<ref>{{Cite web|last1=Jacobs|first1=Jennifer|last2=Mohsin|first2=Saleha|last3=Leonard|first3=Jenny|date=July 31, 2020|title=Trump to Order China's ByteDance to Sell TikTok in U.S.|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-07-31/trump-to-order-china-s-bytedance-to-sell-tiktok-u-s-operations|access-date=August 3, 2020|website=www.bloomberg.com}}</ref> On August 3, 2020, after speculation on the deal, [[Donald Trump]] stated that Microsoft could buy the application, however it should be completed by September 15, 2020 and that the [[United States Department of the Treasury]] should receive a portion if it were to go through.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Davidson|first=Helen|date=August 3, 2020|title=TikTok sale: Trump approves Microsoft's plan but says US should get a cut of any deal|url=http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2020/aug/03/tiktok-row-trump-to-take-action-soon-says-pompeo-as-microsoft-pursues-deal|access-date=August 3, 2020|website=The Guardian|language=en}}</ref>

On August 5, 2020, Microsoft stopped its [[xCloud]] game streaming test for [[List of iOS devices|iOS devices]]. According to Microsoft, the future of xCloud on iOS remains unclear and potentially out of Microsoft's hands. [[Apple Inc.|Apple]] has imposed a strict limit on [[Remote Desktop Services|"remote desktop clients"]] that means applications are only allowed to connect to a user-owned host device or gaming console owned by the user.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theverge.com/2020/8/5/21356274/microsoft-xcloud-ios-apple-iphone-ipad-testing-ends-apple-app-store-policies|title=Microsoft cuts xCloud iOS testing early as its future on Apple devices remains unclear|access-date=August 5, 2020|website=The Verge}}</ref>

On September 21, 2020, Microsoft announced its intent to acquire [[ZeniMax Media]] for about $7.5 billion, with the deal expected to be occurred in the second half of 2021 fiscal year.<ref>{{cite web|first=Liana|last=Ruppert|url=https://www.gameinformer.com/2020/09/21/microsoft-acquires-bethesda-the-studio-behind-fallout-the-elder-scrolls-doom-and-more|title=Microsoft Acquires Bethesda, The Studio Behind Fallout, The Elder Scrolls, Doom, And More|website=gameinformer.com|date=September 21, 2020|access-date=September 22, 2020}}</ref>

On September 22, 2020, Microsoft announced that it had an exclusive license to use [[OpenAI]]’s GPT-3 artificial intelligence language generator.<ref>{{Cite magazine |title=OpenAI is giving Microsoft exclusive access to its GPT-3 language model |url=https://www.technologyreview.com/2020/09/23/1008729/openai-is-giving-microsoft-exclusive-access-to-its-gpt-3-language-model/ |date=September 23, 2020 |last=Hao |first=Karen |access-date=September 26, 2020 |magazine=[[MIT Technology Review]] |language=en |quote="On September 22, Microsoft announced that it would begin exclusively licensing GPT-3, the world’s largest language model, built by San Francisco–based OpenAI."}}</ref> The previous version of [[GPT-3]], called [[GPT-2]], made headlines for being “too dangerous to release” and had numerous capabilities, including designing websites, prescribing medication, answering questions and penning articles.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/gadgets-and-tech/microsoft-openai-gpt-3-exclusive-b550673.html|title=MICROSOFT GETS EXCLUSIVE ACCESS TO AI DEEMED 'TOO DANGEROUS TO RELEASE'|access-date=September 24, 2020|website=Independent}}</ref>

On November 10, 2020, Microsoft released the [[Xbox Series X and Series S|Xbox Series X and Xbox Series S]] video game consoles.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The all-new Xbox Series X {{!}} Xbox|url=https://www.xbox.com/en-US/consoles/xbox-series-x|access-date=2020-12-02|website=Xbox.com|language=en}}</ref>

== Corporate affairs ==
{{See also|Criticism of Microsoft|Internet censorship in China|Embrace, extend, and extinguish}}

=== Board of directors ===
The company is run by a [[board of directors]] made up of mostly company outsiders, as is customary for publicly traded companies. Members of the board of directors as of July 2020 are [[Satya Nadella]], [[Reid Hoffman]], Hugh Johnston, Teri List-Stoll, [[Sandi Peterson]], [[Penny Pritzker]], [[Charles Scharf]], [[Arne Sorenson (hotel executive)|Arne Sorenson]], [[John W. Stanton]], [[John W. Thompson]], [[Emma Walmsley]] and [[Padmasree Warrior]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://news.microsoft.com/leadership/?section=board-members |title=Microsoft Leadership |publisher=Microsoft |access-date=July 31, 2020}}</ref> Board members are elected every year at the annual shareholders' meeting using a majority vote system. There are four committees within the board that oversee more specific matters. These committees include the Audit Committee, which handles accounting issues with the company including auditing and reporting; the Compensation Committee, which approves compensation for the CEO and other employees of the company; the Governance and Nominating Committee, which handles various corporate matters including the nomination of the board; and the Regulatory and Public Policy Committee, which includes legal/antitrust matters, along with privacy, trade, digital safety, artificial intelligence, and environmental sustainability. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Microsoft Corporation Corporate Governance |url=https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/Investor/corporate-governance/board-of-directors.aspx |publisher=Microsoft |access-date=July 31, 2020}} </ref>

On March 13, 2020, Gates announced that he is leaving the board of directors of Microsoft and [[Berkshire Hathaway]] in order to focus more on his philanthropic efforts. According to Aaron Tilley of ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'' this is "marking the biggest boardroom departure in the tech industry since the death of longtime rival and Apple Inc. co-founder [[Steve Jobs]]."<ref>https://www.wsj.com/articles/bill-gates-to-leave-boards-of-microsoft-and-berkshire-hathaway-11584135172</ref>

=== Chief executives ===

# [[Bill Gates]] (1975–2000)
# [[Steve Ballmer]] (2000–2014)
# [[Satya Nadella]] (2014–present)

=== Financial ===
[[File:Microsoft 5-Year Stock History.svg|upright=1.6|thumb|Five year history graph of {{NASDAQ|MSFT}} stock on July 17, 2013<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://zenobank.com/index.php?symbol=MSFT&page=quotesearch |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081030114740/http://zenobank.com/index.php?symbol=MSFT&page=quotesearch |url-status=dead |archive-date=October 30, 2008 |title=Five year history graph of (NASDAQ:MSFT) stock |work=ZenoBank |publisher=AlphaTrade |date=September 29, 2009 |access-date=September 29, 2009}}</ref>]]
When Microsoft went public and launched its [[initial public offering]] (IPO) in 1986, the opening [[stock]] price was $21; after the [[trading day]], the price closed at $27.75. As of July 2010, with the company's nine [[stock split]]s, any IPO [[share (finance)|shares]] would be multiplied by 288; if one were to buy the IPO today, given the splits and other factors, it would cost about 9 cents.<ref name="Allan 2001" />{{Rp|235–236|date=November 2012}}<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://blog.seattlepi.com/microsoft/archives/102018.asp |work=Seattle Post-Intelligencer |publisher=Hearst Seattle Media, LLC |date=March 14, 1986 |title=Microsoft stock is red hot on first trading day |last=Monkman |first=Carol Smith |page=B9 |access-date=July 18, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100221224106/http://blog.seattlepi.com/microsoft/archives/102018.asp |archive-date=February 21, 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://performance.morningstar.com/stock/performance-return.action?p=dividend_split_page&t=MSFT&region=USA&culture=en-US&s=SPYZ |title=MSFT stock performance and split info |publisher=Morningstar, Inc. |access-date=July 17, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110510012046/http://performance.morningstar.com/stock/performance-return.action?p=dividend_split_page&t=MSFT&region=USA&culture=en-US&s=SPYZ |archive-date=May 10, 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref> The stock price peaked in 1999 at around $119 ($60.928, adjusting for splits).<ref name="stocksheet">{{Cite web |title=Microsoft stock price spreadsheet from Microsoft investor relations |url=http://download.microsoft.com/download/d/a/7/da7e8eca-4410-4475-a211-03327408b655/msftpricehist.xls |format=xls |publisher=Microsoft |access-date=August 18, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091010091835/http://download.microsoft.com/download/d/a/7/da7e8eca-4410-4475-a211-03327408b655/msftpricehist.xls |archive-date=October 10, 2009 }}</ref> The company began to offer a [[dividend]] on January 16, 2003, starting at eight cents per share for the fiscal year followed by a dividend of sixteen cents per share the subsequent year, switching from yearly to quarterly dividends in 2005 with eight cents a share per quarter and a [[special dividend|special one-time payout]] of three dollars per share for the second quarter of the fiscal year.<ref name="stocksheet" /><ref name="dividendfaq">{{Cite web |title=Dividend Frequently Asked Questions |url=https://www.microsoft.com/msft/FAQ/dividend.mspx |publisher=Microsoft |access-date=August 18, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080720122305/http://www.microsoft.com/msft/FAQ/dividend.mspx |archive-date=July 20, 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Though the company had subsequent increases in dividend payouts, the price of Microsoft's stock remained steady for years.<ref name="dividendfaq" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Yahoo MSFT stock chart |url=https://finance.yahoo.com/q/bc?s=MSFT&t=my |publisher=Yahoo Finance |access-date=December 13, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080123064835/https://finance.yahoo.com/q/bc?s=MSFT&t=my |archive-date=January 23, 2008}}</ref>

[[Standard & Poor's]] and [[Moody's Investors Service]] have both given a AAA rating to Microsoft, whose assets were valued at $41 billion as compared to only $8.5 billion in unsecured debt. Consequently, in February 2011 Microsoft released a corporate bond amounting to $2.25 billion with relatively low borrowing rates compared to [[government bond]]s.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2011/02/04/us-microsoft-bonds-idUSTRE7128EZ20110204 |title=Microsoft sells $2.25 billion of debt at low rates |work=Reuters |date=February 4, 2011 |access-date=July 1, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151107042216/http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/02/04/us-microsoft-bonds-idUSTRE7128EZ20110204 |archive-date=November 7, 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> For the first time in 20 years [[Apple Inc.]] surpassed Microsoft in Q1 2011 quarterly profits and revenues due to a slowdown in PC sales and continuing huge losses in Microsoft's Online Services Division (which contains its search engine [[Bing (search engine)|Bing]]). Microsoft profits were $5.2 billion, while Apple Inc. profits were $6 billion, on revenues of $14.5 billion and $24.7 billion respectively.<ref>{{Cite web |first=Charles |last=Arthur |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2011/apr/28/microsoft-falls-behind-apple |title=Microsoft falls behind Apple for first time in 20 years |website=[[TheGuardian.com|The Guardian]] |publisher=[[Guardian Media Group]] |date=April 28, 2011 |access-date=May 11, 2011 |location=London |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019115501/http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2011/apr/28/microsoft-falls-behind-apple |archive-date=October 19, 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref> Microsoft's Online Services Division has been continuously loss-making since 2006 and in Q1 2011 it lost $726 million. This follows a loss of $2.5 billion for the year 2010.<ref>{{Cite web |last=MG Siegler Apr 29 |first=2011 |url=https://techcrunch.com/2011/04/29/microsoft-internet-bloodbath |title=When Will Microsoft's Internet Bloodbath End? |publisher=Techcrunch.com |date=April 29, 2011 |access-date=May 11, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110510073301/http://techcrunch.com/2011/04/29/microsoft-internet-bloodbath/ |archive-date=May 10, 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref>

On July 20, 2012, Microsoft posted its first quarterly loss ever, despite earning record revenues for the quarter and fiscal year, with a net loss of $492 million due to a [[Write-off#Write-down|writedown]] related to the advertising company [[aQuantive]], which had been acquired for $6.2 billion back in 2007.<ref>{{Cite web |last=White |first=Martha |title=Microsoft reports first quarterly loss ever |url=http://marketday.msnbc.msn.com/_news/2012/07/19/12837611-microsoft-reports-first-quarterly-loss-ever?lite |access-date=July 20, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120720121702/http://marketday.msnbc.msn.com/_news/2012/07/19/12837611-microsoft-reports-first-quarterly-loss-ever?lite |archive-date=July 20, 2012}}</ref> As of January 2014, Microsoft's market capitalization stood at $314B,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Microsoft Overview |url=http://www.marketwatch.com/investing/stock/msft/ |publisher=Marketwatch |access-date=February 2, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202080137/http://www.marketwatch.com/investing/stock/msft |archive-date=February 2, 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref> making it the 8th largest company in the world by market capitalization.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Global Top 100 Companies |url=http://www.pwc.com/gx/en/audit-services/capital-market/publications/top100-market-capitalisation.jhtml |publisher=PWC |access-date=February 2, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140212041605/http://www.pwc.com/gx/en/audit-services/capital-market/publications/top100-market-capitalisation.jhtml |archive-date=February 12, 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref> On November 14, 2014, Microsoft overtook [[ExxonMobil]] to become the second most-valuable company by market capitalization, behind only [[Apple Inc.]] Its total market value was over $410B—with the stock price hitting $50.04 a share, the highest since early 2000.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Microsoft Surpasses Exxon as 2nd Most Valuable Co. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2014/11/14/business/ap-us-microsoft-no-2.html |publisher=AssociatedPress |access-date=November 14, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150502160225/http://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2014/11/14/business/ap-us-microsoft-no-2.html |archive-date=May 2, 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> In 2015, [[Reuters]] reported that Microsoft Corp had earnings abroad of $76.4 billion which were untaxed by the [[Internal Revenue Service]]. Under U.S. law, corporations don't pay income tax on overseas profits until the profits are brought into the United States.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2014/04/09/us-usa-tax-offshore-idUSBREA3729V20140409 |title=Untaxed U.S. corporate profits held overseas top $2.1 trillion: study |newspaper=Reuters |date=April 9, 2014 |access-date=July 1, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151114065547/http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/04/09/us-usa-tax-offshore-idUSBREA3729V20140409 |archive-date=November 14, 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable float-left" style="text-align: right;"
!Year
!Revenue in mil. US$<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |url=https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/Investor/annual-reports.aspx |title=Microsoft Investor Relations—Annual Reports |website=www.microsoft.com |language=en |access-date=November 7, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181107145159/https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/Investor/annual-reports.aspx |archive-date=November 7, 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>
!Net income in mil. US$<ref name=":2" />
!Total Assets in mil. US$<ref name=":2" />
!Employees<ref name=":2" />
|-
| 2005
| 39,788
| 12,254
| 70,815
| 61,000
|-
| 2006
| 44,282
| 12,599
| 69,597
| 71,000
|-
| 2007
| 51,122
| 14,065
| 63,171
| 79,000
|-
| 2008
| 60,420
| 17,681
| 72,793
| 91,000
|-
| 2009
| 58,437
| 14,569
| 77,888
| 93,000
|-
| 2010
| 62,484
| 18,760
| 86,113
| 89,000
|-
| 2011
| 69,943
| 23,150
| 108,704
| 90,000
|-
| 2012
| 73,723
| 16,978
| 121,271
| 94,000
|-
| 2013
| 77,849
| 21,863
| 142,431
| 99,000
|-
| 2014
| 86,833
| 22,074
| 172,384
| 128,000
|-
| 2015
| 93,580
| 12,193
| 174,472
| 118,000
|-
| 2016
| 91,154
| 20,539
| 193,468
| 114,000
|-
| 2017
| 96,571
| 25,489
| 250,312
| 124,000
|-
| 2018
| 110,360
| 16,571
| 258,848
| 131,000
|-
| 2019
| 125,843
| 39,240
| 286,556
| 144,106
|-
|2020
|143,015
|44,281
|301,311
|163,000
|}
In November 2018, the company won a $480 million military contract with the U.S. government to bring [[augmented reality]] (AR) headset technology into the weapon repertoires of American soldiers. The two-year contract may result in follow-on orders of more than 100,000 headsets, according to documentation describing the bidding process. One of the contract's tag lines for the augmented reality technology seems to be its ability to enable "25 bloodless battles before the 1st battle", suggesting that actual combat training is going to be an essential aspect of the augmented reality headset capabilities.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://techcrunch.com/2018/11/28/microsoft-wins-480m-military-contract-to-outfit-soldiers-with-hololens-ar-tech/ |title=Microsoft wins $480M military contract to outfit soldiers with HoloLens AR tech |work=TechCrunch |access-date=November 29, 2018 |language=en-US |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181129072828/https://techcrunch.com/2018/11/28/microsoft-wins-480m-military-contract-to-outfit-soldiers-with-hololens-ar-tech/ |archive-date=November 29, 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Subsidiaries ===
Microsoft is an international business. As such, it needs subsidiaries present in whatever national markets it chooses to harvest. An example is Microsoft Canada, which it established in 1985.<ref name="mcan">{{cite web |title=Welcome to Microsoft Canada |url=https://www.microsoft.com/en-ca/about/ |publisher=Microsoft |access-date=September 9, 2020}}</ref> Other countries have similar installations, to funnel profits back up to Redmond and to distribute the dividends to the holders of MSFT stock.

=== Marketing ===
[[File:Windows 8 Launch Event in Akihabara, Tokyo.jpg|thumb|[[Windows 8]] Launch Event in [[Akihabara]], Tokyo on October 25, 2012]]
In 2004, Microsoft commissioned research firms to do independent studies comparing the [[total cost of ownership]] (TCO) of [[Windows Server 2003]] to [[Linux]]; the firms concluded that companies found Windows easier to administrate than Linux, thus those using Windows would administrate faster resulting in lower costs for their company (i.e. lower TCO).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.seattlepi.com/business/158237_msftresearch27.html |title=Studies on Linux help their patron: Microsoft |last=Bishop |first=Todd |work=Seattle Post-Intelligencer |publisher=Hearst Seattle Media, LLC |date=January 27, 2004 |access-date=July 16, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101205010533/http://www.seattlepi.com/business/158237_msftresearch27.html |archive-date=December 5, 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref> This spurred a wave of related studies; a study by the [[Yankee Group]] concluded that upgrading from one version of Windows Server to another costs a fraction of the [[switching barriers|switching costs]] from Windows Server to Linux, although companies surveyed noted the increased security and reliability of Linux servers and concern about being locked into using Microsoft products.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.microsoft-watch.com/content/operating_systems/yankee_independently_pits_windows_tco_vs_linux_tco.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130104134612/http://www.microsoft-watch.com/content/operating_systems/yankee_independently_pits_windows_tco_vs_linux_tco.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=January 4, 2013 |title=Yankee Independently Pits Windows TCO vs. Linux TCO |last=Foley |first=Mary Jo |work=eWeek |date=March 24, 2004 |access-date=July 14, 2010}}</ref> Another study, released by the [[Open Source Development Labs]], claimed that the Microsoft studies were "simply outdated and one-sided" and their survey concluded that the TCO of Linux was lower due to Linux administrators managing more servers on average and other reasons.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.vnunet.com/vnunet/news/2150210/linux-fans-hit-back-microsoft |title=Linux fans hit back at Microsoft TCO claims |last=Jaques |first=Robert |work=vnunet.com |date=February 13, 2006 |access-date=August 18, 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080724013740/http://www.vnunet.com/vnunet/news/2150210/linux-fans-hit-back-microsoft |archive-date=July 24, 2008 }}</ref>

As part of the "Get the Facts" campaign, Microsoft highlighted the [[.NET Framework]] trading platform that it had developed in partnership with [[Accenture]] for the [[London Stock Exchange]], claiming that it provided "[[High availability|five nines]]" reliability. After suffering extended downtime and unreliability<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/markets/4676369/Seven-hour-LSE-blackout-caused-by-double-glitch.html |newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]] |title=Seven-hour LSE blackout caused by double glitch |first=Rowena |last=Mason |date=September 10, 2008 |location=London |access-date=April 3, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171225225348/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/markets/4676369/Seven-hour-LSE-blackout-caused-by-double-glitch.html |archive-date=December 25, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |work=[[BBC News Online]] |publisher=BBC |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/8380607.stm |title=London Stock Exchange trading hit by technical glitch |date=November 26, 2009 |access-date=September 30, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130726144134/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/8380607.stm |archive-date=July 26, 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref> the London Stock Exchange announced in 2009 that it was planning to drop its Microsoft solution and switch to a Linux-based one in 2010.<ref>{{Cite web |publisher=ITWire |url=http://www.itwire.com/opinion-and-analysis/the-linux-distillery/28359-london-stock-exchange-gets-the-facts-and-dumps-windows-for-linux |title=London Stock Exchange gets the facts and dumps Windows for Linux |first=David M. |last=Williams |date=October 8, 2009 |access-date=September 30, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716005714/http://www.itwire.com/opinion-and-analysis/the-linux-distillery/28359-london-stock-exchange-gets-the-facts-and-dumps-windows-for-linux |archive-date=July 16, 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |publisher=[[Slashdot]] |url=http://linux.slashdot.org/story/09/10/06/1742203/London-Stock-Exchange-Rejects-NET-For-Open-Source |title=London Stock Exchange Rejects .NET For Open Source |date=October 6, 2009 |access-date=September 30, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811012038/http://linux.slashdot.org/story/09/10/06/1742203/London-Stock-Exchange-Rejects-NET-For-Open-Source |archive-date=August 11, 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref>

In 2012, Microsoft hired a political pollster named Mark Penn, whom ''The New York Times'' called "famous for bulldozing" his political opponents<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/12/15/technology/microsoft-battles-google-by-hiring-political-brawler-mark-penn.html?_r=0 |work=The New York Times |first1=Nick |last1=Wingfield |title=Microsoft Battles Google by Hiring Political Brawler Mark Penn |date=December 14, 2012 |access-date=February 19, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170312135416/http://www.nytimes.com/2012/12/15/technology/microsoft-battles-google-by-hiring-political-brawler-mark-penn.html?_r=0 |archive-date=March 12, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> as Executive Vice-President, Advertising and Strategy. Penn created a series of negative advertisements targeting one of Microsoft's chief competitors, [[Google]]. The advertisements, called "[[Scroogled]]", attempt to make the case that Google is "screwing" consumers with search results rigged to favor Google's paid advertisers, that [[Gmail]] violates the privacy of its users to place ad results related to the content of their emails and shopping results, which favor Google products. Tech publications like TechCrunch have been highly critical of the advertising campaign,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://techcrunch.com/2013/02/10/scroogled-why-so-negative-microsoft/ |title=Scroogled: Why So Negative, Microsoft? |work=TechCrunch |date=February 10, 2013 |access-date=April 18, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140317120624/http://techcrunch.com/2013/02/10/scroogled-why-so-negative-microsoft/ |archive-date=March 17, 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref> while Google employees have embraced it.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/kashmirhill/2013/11/21/googlers-love-microsofts-scroogled-gear-mug-and-shirts-sell-out/ |title=Googlers Love Microsoft's 'Scroogled' Gear. Mug and Shirts Sell Out. |first=Kashmir |last=Hill |date=November 21, 2013 |work=Forbes |access-date=September 5, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170729205754/https://www.forbes.com/sites/kashmirhill/2013/11/21/googlers-love-microsofts-scroogled-gear-mug-and-shirts-sell-out/ |archive-date=July 29, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Layoffs ===
{{Main|Criticism of Microsoft}}
In July 2014, Microsoft announced plans to lay off 18,000 employees. Microsoft employed 127,104 people as of June 5, 2014, making this about a 14 percent reduction of its workforce as the biggest Microsoft lay off ever. This included 12,500 professional and factory personnel. Previously, Microsoft had eliminated 5,800 jobs in 2009 in line with the [[Great Recession]] of 2008–2017.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2014/07/17/microsoft-cut-18000-jobs-over-next-year.html |title=Microsoft to cut up to 18,000 jobs over next year |date=July 17, 2014 |access-date=July 17, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140727205526/http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2014/07/17/microsoft-cut-18000-jobs-over-next-year.html |archive-date=July 27, 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Microsoft Layoffs Greater Than Expected: Up to 18,000 Jobs Being Cut |url=http://www.gamespot.com/articles/microsoft-layoffs-greater-than-expected-up-to-18-0/1100-6421171/ |publisher=Gamespot |access-date=August 10, 2014 |date=July 17, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140722064908/http://www.gamespot.com/articles/microsoft-layoffs-greater-than-expected-up-to-18-0/1100-6421171/ |archive-date=July 22, 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref> In September 2014, Microsoft laid off 2,100 people, including 747 people in the Seattle–Redmond area, where the company is headquartered. The firings came as a second wave of the layoffs that were previously announced. This brought the total number to over 15,000 out of the 18,000 expected cuts.<ref>By Alex Wilhelm, TechCrunch. "[https://techcrunch.com/2014/09/18/microsoft-pulls-the-trigger-on-2100-more-layoffs/Microsoft Lays Off 2,100 More Employees]." September 18, 2014. September 18, 2014.</ref> In October 2014, Microsoft revealed that it was almost done with the elimination of 18,000 employees, which was its largest-ever layoff sweep.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Perez |first1=Juan Carlos |title=Microsoft is 'almost' done with its largest-ever layoff sweep |url=http://www.computerworld.com/article/2840872/microsoft-is-almost-done-with-its-largest-ever-layoff-sweep.html |website=[[Computerworld]] |publisher=[[International Data Group]] |date=October 29, 2014 |access-date=November 10, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141104135846/http://www.computerworld.com/article/2840872/microsoft-is-almost-done-with-its-largest-ever-layoff-sweep.html |archive-date=November 4, 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref> In July 2015, Microsoft announced another 7,800 job cuts in the next several months.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.engadget.com/2015/07/08/microsoft-job-cuts-2015/ |title=Microsoft plans 7,800 layoffs, $7.8 billion Nokia write-down |first=Aaron |last=Souppouris |access-date=July 8, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150711025745/http://www.engadget.com/2015/07/08/microsoft-job-cuts-2015/ |archive-date=July 11, 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> In May 2016, Microsoft announced another 1,850 job cuts mostly in (Nokia) mobile phone division. As a result, the company will record an impairment and restructuring charge of approximately $950 million, of which approximately $200 million will relate to severance payments.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/microsoft-announces-streamlining-of-smartphone-hardware-business-300274560.html |title=Microsoft announces streamlining of smartphone hardware business |first=Microsoft |last=Corp. |access-date=November 8, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161202052847/http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/microsoft-announces-streamlining-of-smartphone-hardware-business-300274560.html |archive-date=December 2, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref>

=== United States government ===
{{Main|Criticism of Microsoft}}
Microsoft provides information about reported bugs in their software to intelligence agencies of the United States government, prior to the public release of the fix. A Microsoft spokesperson has stated that the corporation runs several programs that facilitate the sharing of such information with the U.S. government.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-06-14/u-s-agencies-said-to-swap-data-with-thousands-of-firms.html |title=U.S. Agencies Said to Swap Data With Thousands of Firms |work=Bloomberg |access-date=March 10, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150112075940/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-06-14/u-s-agencies-said-to-swap-data-with-thousands-of-firms.html |archive-date=January 12, 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> Following media reports about [[PRISM (surveillance program)|PRISM]], NSA's massive electronic [[Mass surveillance|surveillance program]], in May 2013, several technology companies were identified as participants, including Microsoft.<ref>{{Cite web |first=Ryan W. |last=Neal |title=Snowden Reveals Microsoft PRISM Cooperation: Helped NSA Decrypt Emails, Chats, Skype Conversations |url=http://www.ibtimes.com/snowden-reveals-microsoft-prism-cooperation-helped-nsa-decrypt-emails-chats-skype-conversations |work=[[International Business Times]] |date=July 11, 2013 |access-date=November 15, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203124001/http://www.ibtimes.com/snowden-reveals-microsoft-prism-cooperation-helped-nsa-decrypt-emails-chats-skype-conversations |archive-date=December 3, 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref> According to leaks of said program, Microsoft joined the PRISM program in 2007.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Greenwald |first1=Glenn |last2=MacAskill |first2=Ewen |title=NSA Prism program taps in to user data of Apple, Google and others |date=June 7, 2013 |work=[[The Guardian]] |publisher=Guardian News and Media Limited |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jun/06/us-tech-giants-nsa-data |access-date=April 26, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060818114650/http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2013/jun/06/us-tech-giants-nsa-data |archive-date=August 18, 2006 |url-status=live}}</ref> However, in June 2013, an official statement from Microsoft flatly denied their participation in the program: {{Quote | style=font-size:100% | text="We provide customer data only when we receive a legally binding order or subpoena to do so, and never on a voluntary basis. In addition we only ever comply with orders for requests about specific accounts or identifiers. If the government has a broader voluntary national security program to gather customer data, we don't participate in it."<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Johnson |first1=Kevin |last2=Martin |first2=Scott |last3=O'Donnell |first3=Jayne |last4=Winter |first4=Michael |title=Reports: NSA Siphons Data from 9 Major Net Firms |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/2013/06/06/nsa-surveillance-internet-companies/2398345/ |access-date=June 6, 2013 |work=[[USA Today]] |date=June 15, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130607113440/http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/2013/06/06/nsa-surveillance-internet-companies/2398345/ |archive-date=June 7, 2013 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all}}</ref>}}

During the first six months in 2013, Microsoft had received requests that affected between 15,000 and 15,999 accounts.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Microsoft, Facebook, Google and Yahoo release US surveillance requests |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/feb/03/microsoft-facebook-google-yahoo-fisa-surveillance-requests |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=February 3, 2014 |access-date=December 12, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170106175615/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/feb/03/microsoft-facebook-google-yahoo-fisa-surveillance-requests |archive-date=January 6, 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> In December 2013, the company made statement to further emphasize the fact that they take their customers' privacy and [[Information privacy|data protection]] very seriously, even saying that "government snooping potentially now constitutes an "[[advanced persistent threat]]," alongside sophisticated malware and cyber attacks".<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Smith |first1=Brad |title=Protecting customer data from government snooping |url=http://blogs.microsoft.com/blog/2013/12/04/protecting-customer-data-from-government-snooping/ |website=The Official Microsoft Blog |access-date=January 1, 2015 |date=December 4, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141224072247/http://blogs.microsoft.com/blog/2013/12/04/protecting-customer-data-from-government-snooping/ |archive-date=December 24, 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref> The statement also marked the beginning of three-part program to enhance Microsoft's encryption and transparency efforts. On July 1, 2014, as part of this program they opened the first (of many) Microsoft Transparency Center, that provides "participating governments with the ability to review [[source code]] for our key products, assure themselves of their software integrity, and confirm there are no "[[Backdoor (computing)|back doors]]."<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Thomlinson |first1=Matt |title=Advancing our encryption and transparency efforts |url=http://blogs.microsoft.com/on-the-issues/2014/07/01/advancing-our-encryption-and-transparency-efforts/ |website=Microsoft on the Issues |access-date=January 1, 2015 |date=July 1, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150101183639/http://blogs.microsoft.com/on-the-issues/2014/07/01/advancing-our-encryption-and-transparency-efforts/ |archive-date=January 1, 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> Microsoft has also argued that the [[United States Congress]] should enact strong privacy regulations to protect consumer data.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Heiner |first1=David |title=Request for Comment: Big Data and Consumer Privacy in the Internet Economy |url=http://www.ntia.doc.gov/files/ntia/microsoft.pdf |website=National Telecommunications and Information Administration |publisher=Microsoft |access-date=August 12, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140814113914/http://www.ntia.doc.gov/files/ntia/microsoft.pdf |archive-date=August 14, 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref>

In April 2016, the company [[Microsoft v. United States (2016)|sued the U.S. government]], arguing that secrecy orders were preventing the company from disclosing warrants to customers in violation of the company's and customers' rights. Microsoft argued that it was unconstitutional for the government to indefinitely ban Microsoft from informing its users that the government was requesting their emails and other documents, and that the [[Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution|Fourth Amendment]] made it so people or businesses had the right to know if the government searches or seizes their property. On October 23, 2017, Microsoft said it would drop the lawsuit as a result of a policy change by the [[United States Department of Justice]] (DoJ). The DoJ had "changed data request rules on alerting the Internet users about agencies accessing their information."

== Corporate identity ==
=== Corporate culture ===
Technical reference for developers and articles for various Microsoft magazines such as ''Microsoft Systems Journal'' (MSJ) are available through the [[Microsoft Developer Network]] (MSDN). MSDN also offers subscriptions for companies and individuals, and the more expensive subscriptions usually offer access to pre-release beta versions of Microsoft software.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/ms123402.aspx?missingurl=%2fsubscriptions%2ffaq%2fdefault.aspx |publisher=Microsoft |title=MSDN Subscription FAQ |access-date=July 3, 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090112083150/http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/ms123402.aspx?missingurl=%2Fsubscriptions%2Ffaq%2Fdefault.aspx |archive-date=January 12, 2009 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.microsoft.com/msj/ |title=Microsoft Systems Journal Homepage |publisher=Microsoft |date=April 15, 2004 |access-date=August 18, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080725152056/http://www.microsoft.com/msj/ |archive-date=July 25, 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref> In April 2004, Microsoft launched a community site for developers and users, titled [[Channel 9 (Microsoft)|Channel 9]], that provides a [[wiki]] and an [[Internet forum]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hobson |first=Neville |url=http://www.webpronews.com/topnews/2005/04/11/microsofts-channel-and-cultural-rules |title=Microsoft's Channel 9 And Cultural Rules |work=WebProNews |publisher=iEntry Inc |date=April 11, 2005 |access-date=July 3, 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080420185313/http://www.webpronews.com/topnews/2005/04/11/microsofts-channel-and-cultural-rules |archive-date=April 20, 2008}}</ref> Another community site that provides daily [[Podcast#Video podcasts|videocasts]] and other services, On10.net, launched on March 3, 2006.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.On10.net |title=On10.net homepage |publisher=Microsoft |access-date=May 4, 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060428070407/http://www.on10.net/ |archive-date=April 28, 2006}}</ref> Free technical support is traditionally provided through online [[Usenet]] newsgroups, and [[CompuServe]] in the past, monitored by Microsoft employees; there can be several newsgroups for a single product. Helpful people can be elected by peers or Microsoft employees for [[Microsoft Most Valuable Professional]] (MVP) status, which entitles them to a sort of special social status and possibilities for awards and other benefits.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.boston.com/business/globe/articles/2005/06/13/somehow_usenet_lumbers_on/ |title=Somehow, Usenet lumbers on |last=Bray |first=Hiawatha |date=June 13, 2005 |access-date=July 3, 2006 |work=The Boston Globe |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090322135139/http://www.boston.com/business/globe/articles/2005/06/13/somehow_usenet_lumbers_on |archive-date=March 22, 2009}}</ref>

Noted for its internal [[lexicon]], the expression "[[eating your own dog food]]" is used to describe the policy of using pre-release and beta versions of products inside Microsoft in an effort to test them in "real-world" situations.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Microsoft tests its own dog food |url=http://news.zdnet.com/2100-3513_22-5047467.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070108214545/http://news.zdnet.com/2100-3513_22-5047467.html |archive-date=January 8, 2007 |work=[[ZDNet]] |publisher=[[CBS Interactive]] |date=July 21, 2003 |access-date=October 9, 2005}}</ref> This is usually shortened to just "dog food" and is used as noun, verb, and adjective. Another bit of [[jargon]], [[FYIFV]] or FYIV ("Fuck You, I'm [Fully] Vested"), is used by an employee to indicate they are [[financial independence|financially independent]] and can avoid work anytime they wish.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Heilemann |first=John |author-link=John Heilemann |title=The Truth, The Whole Truth, and Nothing But The Truth |url=https://www.wired.com/2000/11/microsoft-7/ |journal=[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]] |publisher=[[Condé Nast]] |date=November 2000 |access-date=September 30, 2007 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080724133013/http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/8.11/microsoft_pr.html |archive-date=July 24, 2008}}</ref> The company is also known for its hiring process, mimicked in other organizations and dubbed the "[[Microsoft interview]]", which is notorious for off-the-wall questions such as "Why is a [[manhole cover]] round?".<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://g4tv.com/screensavers/features/6282/square_manhole_covers_and_crazy_questions.html |title=Square Manhole Covers and Crazy Questions |work=G4TV.com |last=Poundstone |first=William |date=May 21, 2003 |access-date=July 1, 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051114175326/http://www.g4tv.com/screensavers/features/6282/Square_Manhole_Covers_and_Crazy_Questions.html |archive-date=November 14, 2005}}</ref>

Microsoft is an outspoken opponent of the cap on [[H-1B visa]]s, which allow companies in the U.S. to employ certain foreign workers. Bill Gates claims the cap on H1B visas makes it difficult to hire employees for the company, stating "I'd certainly get rid of the H1B cap" in 2005.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.internetnews.com/bus-news/article.php/3500986 |title=Gates Rakes Congress on H1B Visa Cap |last=Mark |first=Roy |work=internetnews.com |date=April 27, 2005 |access-date=August 18, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080610153421/http://www.internetnews.com/bus-news/article.php/3500986 |archive-date=June 10, 2008 |url-status=live}}</ref> Critics of H1B visas argue that relaxing the limits would result in increased unemployment for U.S. citizens due to H1B workers working for lower salaries.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=88154016 |title=Bill Gates Targets Visa Rules for Tech Workers |work=NPR |date=March 12, 2008 |access-date=July 6, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100424010916/http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=88154016 |archive-date=April 24, 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref> The [[Human Rights Campaign]] Corporate Equality Index, a report of how progressive the organization deems company policies towards [[LGBT]] employees, rated Microsoft as 87% from 2002 to 2004 and as 100% from 2005 to 2010 after they allowed gender expression.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Corporate Equality Index Archive |url=http://www.hrc.org/about_us/7115.htm |publisher=Human Rights Campaign Foundation |access-date=July 17, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100703003315/http://www.hrc.org/about_us/7115.htm |archive-date=July 3, 2010}}</ref>

In August 2018, Microsoft implemented a policy for all companies providing subcontractors to require 12 weeks of paid parental leave to each employee. This expands on the former requirement from 2015 requiring 15 days of paid vacation and sick leave each year.<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Dreyfuss |first1=Emily |title=Will Others Follow Microsoft's Lead on Paid Parental Leave? |url=https://www.wired.com/story/will-others-follow-microsoft-on-paid-parental-leave/ |access-date=September 1, 2018 |publisher=WIRED |date=August 31, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180901114448/https://www.wired.com/story/will-others-follow-microsoft-on-paid-parental-leave/ |archive-date=September 1, 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> In 2015, Microsoft established its own parental leave policy to allow 12 weeks off for parental leave with an additional 8 weeks for the parent who gave birth.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Kastrenakes |first1=Jacob |title=Microsoft says its US contractors must offer paid parental leave |url=https://www.theverge.com/2018/8/31/17806726/microsoft-supplier-paid-parental-leave-requirement |access-date=September 1, 2018 |website=The Verge |date=August 31, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180901155850/https://www.theverge.com/2018/8/31/17806726/microsoft-supplier-paid-parental-leave-requirement |archive-date=September 1, 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Environment ===
In 2011, [[Greenpeace]] released a report rating the top ten big brands in [[cloud computing]] on their sources of electricity for their [[data center]]s. At the time, data centers consumed up to 2% of all global electricity and this amount was projected to increase. [[Phil Radford]] of Greenpeace said "we are concerned that this new explosion in electricity use could lock us into old, polluting energy sources instead of the clean energy available today,"<ref>{{Cite web |publisher=[[Greenpeace]] |url=http://www.greenpeace.org/international/Global/international/publications/climate/2011/Cool%20IT/dirty-data-report-greenpeace.pdf |title=Dirty Data Report Card |access-date=August 22, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130910205409/http://www.greenpeace.org/international/Global/international/publications/climate/2011/Cool%20IT/dirty-data-report-greenpeace.pdf |archive-date=September 10, 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref> and called on "Amazon, Microsoft and other leaders of the information-technology industry must embrace clean energy to power their cloud-based data centers."<ref>[http://seattletimes.com/html/opinion/2018176038_guest10radford.html "Amazon, Microsoft: Let's keep 'the cloud' clean"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131204074032/http://seattletimes.com/html/opinion/2018176038_guest10radford.html |date=December 4, 2013}}, Phil Radford</ref> In 2013, Microsoft agreed to buy power generated by a Texas wind project to power one of its data centers.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2013/nov/04/microsoft-wind-powered-data-centre "Microsoft looks to boost eco credentials with wind-powered data centre"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170106175010/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2013/nov/04/microsoft-wind-powered-data-centre |date=January 6, 2017}}, Suzanne Goldenberg</ref> Microsoft is ranked on the 17th place in [[Greenpeace]]'s ''Guide to Greener Electronics'' (16th Edition) that ranks 18 electronics manufacturers according to their policies on toxic chemicals, recycling and climate change.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.greenpeace.org/international/en/campaigns/climate-change/cool-it/Guide-to-Greener-Electronics/Previous-Edition-October-2010/ |title=Guide to Greener Electronics – Greenpeace International (16th Edition) |publisher=Greenpeace International |access-date=April 3, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120331130430/http://www.greenpeace.org/international/en/campaigns/climate-change/cool-it/Guide-to-Greener-Electronics/Previous-Edition-October-2010/ |archive-date=March 31, 2012}}</ref> Microsoft's timeline for phasing out [[brominated flame retardant]] (BFRs) and [[phthalate]]s in all products is 2012 but its commitment to phasing out [[Polyvinyl chloride|PVC]] is not clear. As of January 2011, it has no products that are completely free from PVC and BFRs.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.greenpeace.org/international/Global/international/publications/toxics/2010/version16/Ranking%20tables%20Oct%202010-Microsoft.pdf |title=Ranking tables October 2010 – Greenpeace International |publisher=Greenpeace International |access-date=January 24, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110128162332/http://www.greenpeace.org/international/Global/international/publications/toxics/2010/version16/Ranking%20tables%20Oct%202010-Microsoft.pdf |archive-date=January 28, 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref>

Microsoft's main U.S. campus received a silver certification from the [[Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design]] (LEED) program in 2008, and it installed over 2,000 [[solar panel]]s on top of its buildings at its [[Silicon Valley]] campus, generating approximately 15 percent of the total energy needed by the facilities in April 2005.<ref name="news1">{{Cite web |url=http://news.cnet.com/Microsoft-vs.-Google-Whos-greener/2100-1022_3-6080297.html?tag=mncol;txt |title=Microsoft vs. Google: Who's greener? |work=CNET |publisher=CBS Interactive |last=Mills |first=Elinor |date=June 6, 2008 |access-date=July 3, 2010}}</ref> Microsoft makes use of alternative forms of transit. It created one of the world's largest private bus systems, the "Connector", to transport people from outside the company; for on-campus transportation, the "Shuttle Connect" uses a large fleet of hybrid cars to save fuel. The company also subsidizes regional [[public transport]], provided by [[Sound Transit]] and [[King County Metro]], as an incentive.<ref name="news1" /><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.microsoft.com/environment/our_commitment/articles/alternative_commuting.aspx |title=Fostering Alternative Ways to Commute at Microsoft |publisher=Microsoft |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080501154211/http://www.microsoft.com/environment/our_commitment/articles/alternative_commuting.aspx |archive-date=May 1, 2008}}</ref> In February 2010, however, Microsoft took a stance against adding additional public transport and [[high-occupancy vehicle lane|high-occupancy vehicle]] (HOV) lanes to the [[Washington State Route 520|State Route 520]] and [[Evergreen Point Floating Bridge|its floating bridge]] connecting Redmond to Seattle; the company did not want to delay the construction any further.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.king5.com/news/Microsofts-big-520-advertisement-85031317.html |work=King5 Television News |title=Seattle hires consultant to look at 520 bridge plan |date=February 23, 2010 |access-date=July 3, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100226123840/http://www.king5.com/news/Microsofts-big-520-advertisement-85031317.html |archive-date=February 26, 2010 }}</ref> Microsoft was ranked number 1 in the list of the World's Best Multinational Workplaces by the Great Place to Work Institute in 2011.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/microsoftpri0/2016631709_microsoft_named_best_multinational_workplace_by_gr.html |title=Microsoft Pri0 | Microsoft named best multinational workplace |publisher=Seattle Times Newspaper |date=October 28, 2011 |access-date=November 3, 2011 |first=Janet I. |last=Tu |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120711115601/http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/microsoftpri0/2016631709_microsoft_named_best_multinational_workplace_by_gr.html |archive-date=July 11, 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref> In January 2020, the company promised to remove from the environment all of the carbon that it has emitted since its foundation in 1975.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://blogs.microsoft.com/blog/2020/01/16/microsoft-will-be-carbon-negative-by-2030/|title=Microsoft will be carbon negative by 2030|date=January 16, 2020|website=Official Microsoft Blog}}</ref> On October, 9, 2020, Microsoft made their work from home policy permanent.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ciaccia|first=Chris|date=October 9, 2020|title=Microsoft's work-from-home policy to become permanent|url=https://www.foxbusiness.com/technology/microsofts-work-from-home-to-become-permanent|access-date=October 9, 2020|website=FOXBusiness|language=en-US}}</ref>
In January 2021, the company announced on [[Twitter]] to join the [[Climate Neutral Data Centre Pact]], which engages the cloud infrastructure and data centers industries to reach climate neutrality in Europe by 2030.

=== Headquarters ===
[[File:Aerial Microsoft West Campus August 2009.jpg|thumb|The west campus of the [[Microsoft Redmond campus]]]]
The corporate headquarters, informally known as the [[Microsoft Redmond campus]], is located at One Microsoft Way in Redmond, Washington. Microsoft initially moved onto the grounds of the campus on February 26, 1986, weeks before the company went public on March 13. The headquarters has since experienced multiple expansions since its establishment. It is estimated to encompass over 8 million ft2 (750,000 m2) of office space and 30,000–40,000 employees.<ref>[https://www.microsoft.com/presspass/inside_ms.mspx Fast Facts About Microsoft] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070809015659/http://www.microsoft.com/presspass/inside_ms.mspx |date=August 9, 2007}}. Microsoft.com. Retrieved on August 25, 2013.</ref> Additional offices are located in [[Bellevue, Washington|Bellevue]] and [[Issaquah, Washington]] (90,000 employees worldwide). The company is planning to upgrade its Mountain View, California, campus on a grand scale. The company has occupied this campus since 1981. In 2016, the company bought the 32-acre campus, with plans to renovate and expand it by 25%.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Microsoft To Buy, Expand Mountain View Campus |url=https://www.bisnow.com/silicon-valley/news/office/microsoft-to-buy-expand-mountain-view-campus-54959 |first=Allison |last=Nagel |work=[[Bisnow Media]] |date=January 25, 2016 |access-date=February 3, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190204074800/https://www.bisnow.com/silicon-valley/news/office/microsoft-to-buy-expand-mountain-view-campus-54959 |archive-date=February 4, 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> Microsoft operates an East Coast headquarters in [[Charlotte, North Carolina]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://safway.com/Projects/Commercial/microsoft.asp?timeline=renovation |title=Microsoft East Coast Headquarters—Safway Services |website=safway.com |access-date=March 28, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170329050044/http://safway.com/Projects/Commercial/microsoft.asp?timeline=renovation |archive-date=March 29, 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

=== Flagship stores ===
[[File:TorontoMicrosoftStore8.JPG|thumb|Microsoft's [[Toronto]] flagship store]]

On October 26, 2015, the company opened its retail location on Fifth Avenue in New York City. The location features a five-story glass storefront and is 22,270 square feet.<ref>{{Cite journal |title=Your First Look at Microsoft's Massive New Flagship Store |url=https://www.wired.com/2015/10/microsofts-hands-on-flagship-store-opens-on-fifth-avenue/ |journal=[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]] |publisher=[[Condé Nast]] |access-date=October 27, 2015 |date=October 26, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151027110340/http://www.wired.com/2015/10/microsofts-hands-on-flagship-store-opens-on-fifth-avenue/ |archive-date=October 27, 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> As per company executives, Microsoft had been on the lookout for a flagship location since 2009.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Morris |first=Keiko |title=Microsoft Opens Flagship Store on Fifth Avenue |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/microsoft-opens-flagship-store-on-fifth-avenue-1445823629 |newspaper=Wall Street Journal |access-date=October 27, 2015 |issn=0099-9660 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151026172634/http://www.wsj.com/articles/microsoft-opens-flagship-store-on-fifth-avenue-1445823629 |archive-date=October 26, 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> The company's retail locations are part of a greater
strategy to help build a connection with its consumers. The
opening of the store coincided with the launch of the Surface Book and Surface
Pro 4.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Microsoft opens the doors to its New York City flagship store |url=https://www.theverge.com/2015/10/26/9617520/microsoft-store-nyc-opening-fifth-avenue-flagship |website=The Verge |access-date=October 27, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151026221011/http://www.theverge.com/2015/10/26/9617520/microsoft-store-nyc-opening-fifth-avenue-flagship |archive-date=October 26, 2015 |url-status=live}}</ref> On November 12, 2015, Microsoft opened a second flagship store, located in Sydney's Pitt Street Mall.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/microsoft-to-open-flagship-store-in-sydney/ |title=Microsoft to open flagship store in Sydney |date=April 21, 2015 |last=Chanthadavong |first=Aimee |access-date=December 30, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101064431/http://www.zdnet.com/article/microsoft-to-open-flagship-store-in-sydney/ |archive-date=January 1, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Logo ===
Microsoft adopted the so-called "''[[Pac-Man]]'' Logo," designed by Scott Baker, in 1987. Baker stated "The new logo, in [[Helvetica]] italic typeface, has a slash between the ''o'' and ''s'' to emphasize the "soft" part of the name and convey motion and speed."<ref>{{Cite book |last=Jha |first=Lakshman |date=2008 |title=Customer Relationship Management: A Strategic Approach |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NbnZwhUjlF0C |publisher=Global India Publications |page=218 |isbn=978-81-907211-2-7 |access-date=May 1, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190323120123/https://books.google.com/books?id=NbnZwhUjlF0C |archive-date=March 23, 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref> Dave Norris ran an internal joke campaign to save the old logo, which was green, in all uppercase, and featured a fanciful letter ''O'', nicknamed the ''blibbet'', but it was discarded.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/archive/blogs/larryosterman/remember-the-blibbet |title=Remember the blibbet |work=Larry Osterman's WebLog |publisher=Microsoft |last=Osterman |first=Larry |date=July 14, 2005 |access-date=October 17, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080803222257/http://blogs.msdn.com/larryosterman/archive/2005/07/14/438777.aspx |archive-date=August 3, 2008 |url-status=live}}</ref> Microsoft's logo with the tagline "Your potential. Our passion."—below the main corporate name—is based on a slogan Microsoft used in 2008. In 2002, the company started using the logo in the United States and eventually started a television campaign with the slogan, changed from the previous tagline of ''"[[Where do you want to go today?]]"''<ref name="wherego1">{{Cite web |url=https://www.wired.com/wired/archive/6.12/redmond.html |title=The Rise and Rise of the Redmond Empire |work=[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]] |publisher=[[Condé Nast]] |date=December 1998 |access-date=August 18, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121106035359/http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/6.12/redmond.html |archive-date=November 6, 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="potentialpassion1">{{Cite web |url=http://www.adweek.com/news/advertising/mccann-thinks-local-global-microsoft-83426 |title=McCann Thinks Local for Global Microsoft |last=Schmelzer |first=Randi |work=Adweek |date=January 9, 2006 |access-date=August 18, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120828202545/http://www.adweek.com/news/advertising/mccann-thinks-local-global-microsoft-83426 |archive-date=August 28, 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://arstechnica.com/news.ars/post/20060123-6031.html |title=Microsoft set to launch new marketing campaign |work=Ars Technica |publisher=Condé Nast Digital |last=Reimer |first=Jeremy |date=January 23, 2006 |access-date=August 18, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080918080347/http://arstechnica.com/news.ars/post/20060123-6031.html |archive-date=September 18, 2008 |url-status=live}}</ref> During the private MGX (Microsoft Global Exchange) conference in 2010, Microsoft unveiled the company's next tagline, ''"Be What's Next."''<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.engadget.com/2010/07/22/new-microsoft-brand-logos-company-tagline-revealed-at-mgx-event/ |title=New Microsoft brand logos, company tagline revealed at MGX event? (update: no new logos, tagline is a go) |first=Joshua |last=Topolsky |author-link=Joshua Topolsky |work=[[Engadget]] |publisher=[[AOL]] |date=July 22, 2010 |access-date=August 2, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120816001625/http://www.engadget.com/2010/07/22/new-microsoft-brand-logos-company-tagline-revealed-at-mgx-event |archive-date=August 16, 2012 |url-status=live}}</ref> They also had a slogan/tagline "Making it all make sense."<ref>{{Cite book |author=InfoWorld Media Group, Inc. |title=InfoWorld |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4FAEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PT26 |year=1991 |publisher=InfoWorld Media Group, Inc. |page=26 |access-date=September 5, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190323120125/https://books.google.com/books?id=4FAEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PT26 |archive-date=March 23, 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>

On August 23, 2012, Microsoft unveiled a new corporate logo at the opening of its 23rd Microsoft store in Boston, indicating the company's shift of focus from the classic style to the tile-centric modern interface, which it uses/will use on the Windows Phone platform, Xbox 360, Windows 8 and the upcoming Office Suites.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Meisner |first=Jeffrey |url=http://blogs.technet.com/b/microsoft_blog/archive/2012/08/23/microsoft-unveils-a-new-look.aspx |title=Microsoft Unveils a New Look |publisher=The Official Microsoft Blog |date=August 23, 2012 |access-date=August 23, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120825012157/http://blogs.technet.com/b/microsoft_blog/archive/2012/08/23/microsoft-unveils-a-new-look.aspx |archive-date=August 25, 2012}}</ref> The new logo also includes four squares with the colors of the then-current Windows logo which have been used to represent Microsoft's four major products: Windows (blue), Office (red), Xbox (green) and Bing (yellow).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Eric |first=Steven H. |url=http://flapship.com/new-microsoft-logo-revealed/ |title=NEW MICROSOFT LOGO REVEALED |publisher=Flapship.com |date=August 23, 2012 |access-date=August 23, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120825174050/http://flapship.com/new-microsoft-logo-revealed/ |archive-date=August 25, 2012}}</ref> The logo resembles the opening of one of the commercials for [[Windows 95]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.wpcentral.com/microsofts-new-logo-has-ties-past |title=Microsoft's new logo has ties to the past |access-date=September 13, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921053328/http://www.wpcentral.com/microsofts-new-logo-has-ties-past |archive-date=September 21, 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.neowin.net/news/microsoft039s-logo-is-not-new-it039s-from-1995 |title=Microsoft's logo is not new, it's from 1995 |access-date=September 13, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130728155634/http://www.neowin.net/news/microsoft039s-logo-is-not-new-it039s-from-1995 |archive-date=July 28, 2013 |url-status=live}}</ref>

<gallery caption="Microsoft logo history" class="center" widths="200">
File:Microsoft logo (1975).svg|1975–1980: First Microsoft logo, in 1975
File:Microsoft logo (1980).png|1980–1982: Second Microsoft logo, in 1980
File:Microsoft Logo Historical.svg|1982–1987: Third Microsoft logo, in 1982
File:Microsoft logo (1987).svg|1987–2012: Microsoft "[[Pac-Man]]" logo, designed by Scott Baker and used from 1987 to 2012<ref name="wherego1" /><ref name="potentialpassion1" />
File:Microsoft logo and wordmark.svg|2012–present: Fifth Microsoft logo, introduced on August 23, 2012<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://blogs.technet.com/b/microsoft_blog/archive/2012/08/23/microsoft-unveils-a-new-look.aspx |title=Microsoft Unveils a New Look |work=Microsoft |date=August 2012 |access-date=August 23, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120825012157/http://blogs.technet.com/b/microsoft_blog/archive/2012/08/23/microsoft-unveils-a-new-look.aspx |archive-date=August 25, 2012}}</ref>
</gallery>

=== Sponsorship ===
The company was the official jersey sponsor of [[Finland national basketball team|Finland's national basketball team]] at [[EuroBasket 2015]].<ref>[http://www.eurobasket2015.org/en/compID_qMRZdYCZI6EoANOrUf9le2.season_2015.roundID_9322.teamID_281.html Finland | EuroBasket 2015] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150928112312/http://www.eurobasket2015.org/en/compID_qMRZdYCZI6EoANOrUf9le2.season_2015.roundID_9322.teamID_281.html |date=September 28, 2015}}, FIBA.com, Retrieved September 27, 2015.</ref>

=== Philanthropy ===
During the [[COVID-19 pandemic]], Microsoft's president, [[Brad Smith (American lawyer)|Brad Smith]], announced that an initial batch of supplies, including 15,000 protection goggles, [[infrared thermometer]]s, medical caps, and protective suits, were donated to Seattle, with further aid to come soon.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/tech-billionaires-promise-to-donate-18-million-masks-2020-3#apple-minimum-2-million-masks-1|title=Tech billionaires including Tim Cook, Elon Musk, and Mark Zuckerberg promised 18 million masks to fight COVID-19|publisher=Business Insider|access-date=March 23, 2020}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[List of Microsoft software]]
* [[List of investments by Microsoft Corporation]]
* [[List of mergers and acquisitions by Microsoft]]
* [[Microsoft engineering groups]]
* [[Microsoft Enterprise Agreement]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
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* {{OpenCorp|Microsoft}}

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List of NFL players born outside the United States

2021-02-19T12:33:03Z

Willy3198: Undid revision 1007691671 by Willy3198 (talk)

Compared to other [[Major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada|major professional sports leagues in the United States]], the [[National Football League]] (NFL) has the lowest percentage of foreign-born players.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Gaines|first1=Cork|title=Sports Chart of the Day: The International Origins Of NFL Players|url=http://www.businessinsider.com/chart-international-origins-of-nfl-players-2011-11|access-date=February 14, 2017|work=Business Insider|date=November 17, 2011}}</ref> In 2017, roughly 1 out of 33 active players (3.03%) were born outside the US.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Borchers|first1=Callum|title=The NFL has the most protests. It is also the most American sports league.|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2017/10/13/the-nfl-has-the-most-protests-it-is-also-the-most-american-sports-league/|access-date=October 26, 2017|work=The Washington Post|date=October 13, 2017}}</ref> In recent [[NFL Draft]]s, teams have made efforts to search internationally for prospects.<ref name=Chester>{{cite news|last1=Chester|first1=Simon A.|title=NFL teams looking overseas when searching for draft picks|url=http://draftwire.usatoday.com/2016/02/20/nfl-teams-extending-their-search-overseas-when-looking-for-rookie-prospects-and-new-york-giants-are-first-to-take-advantage/|access-date=February 14, 2017|work=USA Today|date=February 20, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Clements|first1=Ron|title=NFL's international brand grows with foreign-born NFL Draft prospects|url=http://www.sportingnews.com/nfl/list/nfl-draft-2016-foreign-born-prospects-international-brand/1eg6fqrc35jms1sfvomhocdcf8|access-date=February 14, 2017|work=Sporting News|date=April 27, 2016}}</ref> A record 12 international players were drafted in the [[2015 NFL Draft]]. As of the beginning of the [[2020 NFL season]], Canada is the most represented foreign country in the NFL, with 12 players, followed by Nigeria with 8 players and Australia with 6.<ref name=PFRbirth/>

Internationals have played in the NFL since the league's founding season in [[1920 APFA season|1920]]. There have been nine foreign-born players inducted into the [[Pro Football Hall of Fame]]. Many international players have found success on [[special teams]]; two of the three highest scorers in NFL history were foreign born: kickers [[Morten Andersen]] of Denmark and [[Gary Anderson (placekicker)|Gary Anderson]] of South Africa.<ref name=Chu>{{cite news|last1=Chu|first1=Hau|title=Best players to cross an ocean to play in the NFL|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/sports/football/best-foreign-born-nfl-players-article-1.2361792|access-date=February 14, 2017|work=New York Daily News|date=September 15, 2015}}</ref> Canada is the all-time most represented foreign country, with 107 players, followed by Germany with 80 players and Jamaica with 40.<ref name=PFRbirth/>

==History==

===Beginnings===
At least nine foreign-born players played in the inaugural season of the NFL, the [[1920 APFA season|1920 season]].<ref name=PFRbirth>{{cite web|title=Player Birthplaces|url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/friv/birthplaces.htm|website=Pro-Football-Reference.com|publisher=Sports Reference|access-date=October 27, 2017}}</ref> These included:
* German brothers [[John Nesser]] and [[Phil Nesser]] for the [[Columbus Panhandles]]. They were part of the [[Nesser Brothers]], one of American football's most famous families of the early 20th century.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Hunter|first1=Bob|title=Forgotten Family: The Nesser Brothers of Columbus, Ohio|url=http://www.daytontriangles.com/nessers.htm|access-date=October 27, 2017|work=The Columbus Dispatch|date=January 27, 2002}}</ref>
* Canadian [[Tommy Hughitt]], player-coach for the [[Buffalo (NFL)|Buffalo All-Americans]]. A star quarterback for the [[Michigan Wolverines football]] team before joining the NFL, he was named to the [[1922 All-Pro Team]] by [[George Halas]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Tommy Hughitt Stats|url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/H/HughTo20.htm|website=Pro-Football-Reference.com|publisher=Sports Reference|access-date=October 27, 2017}}</ref> As Buffalo's head coach, he led the team to 34 wins, 15 losses, and 7 ties from 1920 to 1924.<ref>{{cite web|title=Tommy Hughitt Record, Statistics, and Category Ranks|url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/coaches/HughTo0.htm|website=Pro-Football-Reference.com|publisher=Sports Reference|access-date=October 27, 2017}}</ref>
* Irishman [[Bob Nash (American football)|Bob Nash]] for the [[Akron Pros]]. He contributed to several firsts in NFL history, including being the first player to score a touchdown on a fumble recovery and later was the first captain of the [[New York Giants]].<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Braunwart|first1=Bob|last2=Carroll|first2=Bob|title=The First NFL Game(s)|journal=The Coffin Corner|date=1981|volume=3|issue=2|url=http://www.profootballresearchers.org/Coffin_Corner/03-02-059.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120807123600/http://www.profootballresearchers.org/Coffin_Corner/03-02-059.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=2012-08-07|access-date=October 27, 2017}}</ref> He was also part of the first player-trade between league teams when he was sold to the Buffalo All-Americans prior to a game in 1920 for $300 ({{Inflation|US|300|1920|fmt=eq}}) and five percent of the gate receipts.<ref>{{cite web|title=Chronology of Football (1869–1939)|url=http://www.profootballhof.com/football-history/history-of-football/1869-1939/1920-american-professional-football-conference-is-formed/|publisher=Pro Football Hall of Fame|access-date=October 27, 2017}}</ref>

===Hispanics and Latin Americans===
{{see also|List of Hispanic professional American football players}}
The first Hispanic to play in the NFL was [[Lou Molinet|Ignacio Saturnino "Lou" Molinet]], a Cuban who signed and played with the [[Frankford Yellow Jackets]] in 1927. His contract was donated to the [[Pro Football Hall of Fame]] by his daughter in 2000. Following Molinet were brothers [[Jess Rodriguez]] and [[Kelly Rodriguez]] of Spain; Jess was a tailback for the [[Buffalo Bisons]] in 1929, while Kelly played for the Yellow Jackets and [[Minneapolis Red Jackets]] in 1930.<ref name=LatinHOF>{{cite web|last1=Longoria|first1=Mario|title=Latin-Americans in Pro Football|url=http://www.profootballhof.com/football-history/latin-americans-in-pro-football/|publisher=Pro Football Hall of Fame|access-date=October 26, 2017}}</ref>

In 1944, the [[Philadelphia Eagles]] drafted [[Steve Van Buren]], a halfback who was born in [[La Ceiba]], [[Honduras]], to an American father and Spanish mother. He played for the Eagles for eight seasons and retired as the NFL's career leader in rushing attempts, rushing yards, and rushing touchdowns. Van Buren became the first Hispanic inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1965.<ref>{{cite news|title=Steve Van Buren, Philadelphia Eagles player, Pro Football Hall of Fame inductee|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/sports/steve-van-buren-philadelphia-eagles-player-pro-football-hall-of-fame-inductee/2012/08/24/31985320-ee1e-11e1-afd6-f55f84bc0c41_story.html|access-date=October 27, 2017|work=The Washington Post|date=August 24, 2012}}</ref>

In 1948, the [[Los Angeles Rams]] drafted [[Tom Fears]]. Fears was born in [[Guadalajara]], Mexico, to an American father and Mexican mother. He led the Rams' receiving game as a [[split end]] from 1948 to 1956, winning an [[NFL championship]] with the team in 1951. He later became the first Latino head coach in the NFL, serving as head coach of the [[New Orleans Saints]] from their inauguration in 1967 through 1970. Fears was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1970.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Litsky|first1=Frank|title=Tom Fears, N.F.L. End and Coach, Dies at 77|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/01/08/sports/tom-fears-nfl-end-and-coach-dies-at-77.html|access-date=October 27, 2017|work=The New York Times|date=January 8, 2000}}</ref><ref name=Branch>{{cite news|last1=Branch|first1=John|title=For Alberto Riveron, From Cuba to N.F.L.'s First Hispanic Referee|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/16/sports/football/16ref.html?pagewanted=all|access-date=October 27, 2017|work=The New York Times|date=November 15, 2008}}</ref>
1994 Arizona Cardinals sign a QB Eduardo "Zeus" González, played college with the Condores team, from National Autonomous University of Mexico UNAM in Mexico City. 1990 and 1991 MVP Player, a QB with more yards per air, as one of the regular season games, with more yards by air vs Ginda y Blanco of IPN, throw more than 500yds per air. Let go in the same year. After 2 years in 1996 he sign a new contract with Cardinals of Palermo in Italy at the Golden League. And the end of the season he presented, the project, to do and be part for the first time with an Italian National team to appear in one of the most importantly game in Mexico called "Tazón Azteca"
this game is celebrated each year at the end of the college season in this country. being also the 1st QB of Mexico to play against the selection of Mexico 1996.

===Europeans===
Several native Europeans played in the NFL's inaugural season in 1920, including fullback [[John Barsha]] of Russia, tackle [[John Kvist]] of Sweden, end Bob Nash of Ireland, and German brothers John and Phil Nesser.<ref name=PFRbirth/> Later, [[Bronko Nagurski]] signed with the [[Chicago Bears]]. Although born in Canada, he was the son of Ukrainian immigrants and well known for his Ukrainian heritage. Born Bronislau Nagurski, he became renown for his extraordinary strength and power as a fullback and linebacker for the Bears in the 1930s.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Rogers|first1=Thomas|title=Bronko Nagurski Is Dead at 81; Star Runner for Chicago Bears|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/01/09/obituaries/bronko-nagurski-is-dead-at-81-star-runner-for-chicago-bears.html|access-date=October 28, 2017|work=The New York Times|date=January 9, 1990}}</ref>

Fullback [[Ace Gutowsky]] of Komolty, [[Russian Empire]], played for the [[Detroit Lions]] from 1932 to 1938 and became the franchise's career leader in rushing yards. Contemporary sources state Gutowsky also set the NFL's career rushing yards record of 3,399 in 1939 as a member of the [[Brooklyn Dodgers (NFL)|Brooklyn Dodgers]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Pro Football Mark Broken by Gutowsky; Dodger Back's All-Time Total of 3,399 Yards Tops League|newspaper=The New York Times|date=October 26, 1939|access-date=October 28, 2017|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1939/10/26/archives/pro-football-mark-broken-by-gutowsky-dodger-backs-alltime-total-of.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Gutowsky Sets Pro Grid Mark|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|date=October 25, 1939}}</ref>

In 1950, the [[San Francisco 49ers]] used their first draft pick as an NFL franchise on [[Leo Nomellini]], a defensive tackle from the [[Minnesota Golden Gophers football|University of Minnesota]] who was born in [[Lucca]], Italy, and moved to Chicago at a young age. Nomellini played with the 49ers until he retired in 1963 after 10 Pro Bowl invitations and nine [[All-Pro]] selections. He was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1969 and the [[Italian American Sports Hall of Fame]] in 1979.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Goldstein|first1=Richard|title=Leo Nomellini, 76, 49er Star And an N.F.L. Hall of Famer|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/10/27/sports/leo-nomellini-76-49er-star-and-an-nfl-hall-of-famer.html|access-date=October 28, 2017|work=The New York Times|date=October 22, 2000}}</ref>

[[Garo Yepremian]], born in [[Larnaca]], [[Cyprus]], was a placekicker for the Detroit Lions, Miami Dolphins, New Orleans Saints, and Tampa Bay Buccaneers during a career from 1966 to 1981. He won two Super Bowls and was a two-time Pro Bowl selection with the Dolphins, and is a member of the [[NFL 1970s All-Decade Team]]. But Yepremian may best be remembered for a blunder during the Dolphins' victory in [[Super Bowl VII]], in which his attempt to pass the ball after a blocked field goal attempt resulted in a fumble returned 49 yards for the Washington Redskins' only touchdown of the game.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Stout |first1=David |title=Garo Yepremian, Whose Kicks Outshined One Pass, Dies at 70 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/17/sports/football/garo-yepremian-70-dies-his-kicks-outshined-a-pass.html |access-date=September 9, 2018 |work=The New York Times |date=May 16, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Knoblauch |first1=Austin |title=Garo Yepremian dies at 70; kicker part of undefeated Dolphins team |url=http://www.latimes.com/sports/sportsnow/la-sp-sn-garo-yepremian-dies-dolphins-kicker-20150516-story.html |access-date=September 9, 2018 |work=Los Angeles Times |date=May 16, 2015}}</ref>

[[Scandinavia]] has produced the two lone exclusive [[placekicker]]s in the Pro Football Hall of Fame. [[Jan Stenerud]] came from [[Fetsund]], Norway, to the U.S. by way of a skiing scholarship to [[Montana State University]]. There he picked up placekicking, and was drafted by the [[Kansas City Chiefs]] in the [[1966 American Football League draft|1966 AFL draft]]. He played 19 seasons in the AFL and NFL with the Chiefs, [[Green Bay Packers]], and [[Minnesota Vikings]] and kicked a then-record 373 field goals.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Gregorian|first1=Vahe|title=Fifty years after arriving in KC, Jan Stenerud’s extraordinary story should eclipse one bad day|url=http://www.kansascity.com/sports/spt-columns-blogs/vahe-gregorian/article150406552.html|access-date=November 10, 2017|work=The Kansas City Star|date=May 13, 2017}}</ref> [[Morten Andersen]], born in [[Copenhagen]], [[Denmark]], played 25 seasons in the NFL for five different teams. Nicknamed the "Great Dane", he is the NFL's career leader in field goals made and attempted, games played, and points scored. He retired as the career franchise leader in points scored for both the [[New Orleans Saints]] and [[Atlanta Falcons]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Duncan|first1=Jeff|title=A great night for the Great Dane: Morten Andersen becomes Saints' third Hall of Famer|url=http://www.nola.com/saints/index.ssf/2017/08/morten_andersen_early_hall_of.html|access-date=November 10, 2017|work=The Times-Picayune|date=August 5, 2017}}</ref>

English-born placekicker [[John Smith (American football)|John Smith]] played for the [[New England Patriots]] from 1974 to 1983. Although he led the league in scoring twice and was invited to the Pro Bowl in 1980, he is best known for kicking a game-winning field goal against the [[Miami Dolphins]] in 1982 in the famous [[Snowplow Game]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Thomas|first1=Mike|title=Whatever Happened to: John Smith|url=http://www.heraldnews.com/x2081096206/Whatever-happened-to-John-Smith|access-date=December 11, 2017|work=The Herald News|date=March 9, 2009}}</ref> Other notable Englishmen include [[Atlanta Falcons]] placekicker [[Mick Luckhurst]], who went on to present [[Channel 4]]'s NFL coverage on UK television from 1987 to 1991, two-time Pro Bowl defensive end [[Osi Umenyiora]] and former Eagles running back [[Jay Ajayi]]. While with the [[Miami Dolphins]] in 2016, the London-born Ajayi became the fourth player in NFL history to rush for 200 or more yards three times in a season.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Kelly|first1=Omar|title=Dolphins' Ajayi becomes fourth RB in NFL history to rush for 200-plus yards three times in a season|url=http://www.sun-sentinel.com/sports/miami-dolphins/fl-dolphins-notes-1225-20161224-story.html|access-date=December 11, 2017|work=Sun-Sentinel|date=December 24, 2016}}</ref> He also became the first London-born [[skill position]] player to play in his hometown, when the Dolphins faced the Saints in the [[NFL International Series]] at [[Wembley Stadium]] in 2017.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Rapoport|first1=Ian|title=Miami Dolphins RB Jay Ajayi makes history in London|url=http://www.nfl.com/news/story/0ap3000000853736/article/miami-dolphins-rb-jay-ajayi-makes-history-in-london|access-date=December 11, 2017|work=NFL.com|date=October 1, 2017}}</ref>

===Pacific Islanders===
In recent decades, [[Polynesians]]—in particular [[Samoans]]—have found great success in the NFL,<ref name=Steinberg>{{cite news|last1=Steinberg|first1=Leigh|title=How Can Tiny Samoa Dominate The NFL?|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/leighsteinberg/2015/05/21/how-can-tiny-samoa-dominate-the-nfl/#2ca966a7bfbb|access-date=November 8, 2017|work=Forbes|date=May 21, 2015}}</ref><ref name=Phillips>{{cite news|last1=Phillips|first1=Craig|title=Polynesian NFL Players: Pipeline to the Pinnacle of Football|url=http://www.pbs.org/independentlens/content/polynesian-nfl-players-pipeline-to-the-pinnacle-of-football/|access-date=November 8, 2017|publisher=PBS|date=January 22, 2016}}</ref> so much so that the island of [[American Samoa]] has been referred to as "Football Island" by outsiders.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Pelley|first1=Scott|title=American Samoa: Football Island|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/american-samoa-football-island-17-09-2010/|access-date=November 9, 2017|publisher=CBS News|date=January 17, 2010}}</ref><ref name=Steinberg/><ref>{{cite news|last1=Sonny|first1=Julian|title=Inside Football Island: How Samoa Is Breeding The World’s Best Football Stars|url=https://www.elitedaily.com/sports/inside-football-island-samoa-breeding-worlds-best-football-stars|access-date=November 9, 2017|work=Elite Daily|date=April 1, 2014}}</ref> According to ''[[Forbes]]'' in 2015, a Samoan male was 56 times more likely to play in the NFL than a non-Samoan male.<ref name=Steinberg/>

Samoans began to make their mark in the NFL in the 1970s with players such as [[Jack Thompson (American football)|Jack "The Throwin' Samoan" Thompson]] and [[Pago Pago]] native [[Mosi Tatupu]]. Thompson was the first Polynesian quarterback in the NFL,<ref name=Phillips/> and Tatupu was invited to the Pro Bowl in 1986 as a [[special teams]] player.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Noland|first1=Claire|title=Mosi Tatupu dies at 54; USC fullback became a special-teams staple for New England|url=http://articles.latimes.com/2010/feb/25/local/la-me-mosi-tatupu25-2010feb25|access-date=November 8, 2017|work=Los Angeles Times|date=February 25, 2010}}</ref> Current NFL player and [[American Samoa]] native [[Mike Iupati]] has been invited to four Pro Bowls as an [[offensive guard]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Mike Iupati Stats|url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/I/IupaMi20.htm|access-date=November 8, 2017|work=Pro-Football-Reference.com|publisher=Sports Reference}}</ref>

[[Vai Sikahema]] was the first [[Tonga]] native in the NFL. He led the league in punt return yards in 1986 and 1987 while playing for the [[History of the St. Louis Cardinals (NFL)|St. Louis Cardinals]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Vai Sikahema Stats|url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/S/SikaVa00.htm|website=Pro-Football-Reference.com|publisher=Sports Reference|access-date=November 8, 2017}}</ref> Sikahema's cousin, [[Deuce Lutui|Taitusi "Deuce" Lutui]], also from Tonga, later played seven seasons in the NFL as an offensive guard. [[Super Bowl XLIII]] featured two Tongan offensive guards in Lutui for the Cardinals and [[Chris Kemoeatu]] for the Steelers.<ref>{{cite news|title=Tongan pair join Big Ben centre stage|url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/archive/news/tongan-pair-join-big-ben-centre-stage/story-e6frg7mo-1111118726604|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140809043409/http://www.theaustralian.com.au/archive/news/tongan-pair-join-big-ben-centre-stage/story-e6frg7mo-1111118726604|url-status=dead|archive-date=August 9, 2014|access-date=November 9, 2017|work=The Australian|date=February 2, 2009}}</ref>

The [[Polynesian Football Hall of Fame]] was established in 2013 to honor the greatest players, coaches, and contributors of Polynesian descent in football history.<ref>{{cite news|title=Polynesian Football Hall of Fame announces 2018 Polynesian Bowl and first player commitments|url=http://www.hawaiinewsnow.com/story/34302655/polynesian-football-hall-of-fame-announces-2018-polynesian-bowl-and-first-player-commitments|access-date=November 10, 2017|work=Hawaii News Now|date=January 19, 2017}}</ref> Native Polynesian NFL players that have been inducted include Thompson, Tatupu, Sikahema, New Zealander [[Riki Ellison]], and Samoans [[Jesse Sapolu]] and [[Maa Tanuvasa]]. Tongan [[Ma'ake Kemoeatu]], cousin of Chris, was announced as an inductee for the 2018 class.<ref>{{cite news|title=Polynesian Football Hall of Fame unveils Class of 2018|url=http://www.nfl.com/news/story/0ap3000000859853/article/polynesian-football-hall-of-fame-unveils-class-of-2018|access-date=November 10, 2017|work=NFL.com|date=October 10, 2017}}</ref>

[[File:Hines Ward pregame 2006-11-26.jpg|thumb|upright=.75|[[Seoul]] native [[Hines Ward]]]]

===Asians===
Placekicker [[John Lee (placekicker)|John Lee]] was the first Asian drafted in the NFL.<ref>{{cite news|last=Freeman|first=Mike|title=Nguyen Has Made His Own Long Journey, and the N.F.L. Is in Sight|date=April 5, 1999|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1999/04/05/sports/football-nguyen-has-made-his-own-long-journey-and-the-nfl-is-in-sight.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170914013359/http://www.nytimes.com/1999/04/05/sports/football-nguyen-has-made-his-own-long-journey-and-the-nfl-is-in-sight.html|archive-date=September 14, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> He was born in [[Seoul]], South Korea. The four-year, $900,000 contract he signed with the Cardinals in 1986 was the richest in NFL history for a kicker.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Ostler|first1=Scott|title=UCLA Placekicker John Lee Agrees to Sign Four-Year Cardinal Contract for $900,000|url=http://articles.latimes.com/1986-07-28/sports/sp-18506_1_nfl-kicker|access-date=November 8, 2017|work=Los Angeles Times|date=July 28, 1986}}</ref> Although highly successful in college for the [[UCLA Bruins football|UCLA Bruins]], he lasted only one season in the NFL.<ref name=Chi>{{cite news|last1=Chi|first1=Samuel|title=Who Says Asians Can't Play American Football?|url=https://thediplomat.com/2013/08/who-says-asians-cant-play-american-football/|access-date=November 8, 2017|work=The Diplomat|date=August 29, 2013}}</ref>

One of the most popular Asian-born players in NFL history is [[Hines Ward]]. Born in Seoul to a Korean mother and African-American serviceman, Ward played 14 seasons for the [[Pittsburgh Steelers]] from 1998 to 2011 and is currently coaching in the NFL. During his career he won two Super Bowls, was invited to four Pro Bowls, and set numerous Steelers franchise receiving records.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Briscoe|first1=Jake|title=Top 10 Asian Football Players – 2017 Update|url=http://gazettereview.com/2017/06/top-10-asian-football-players/|access-date=November 8, 2017|work=The Gazette Review|date=June 27, 2017}}</ref><ref name=Chi/>

===Africans===
In 1984, [[Obed Ariri]] of [[Owerri]], Nigeria, set [[Tampa Bay Buccaneers]] franchise single-season records for field goals (19 of 26) and points (95).<ref>{{cite news|last1=Scheiber|first1=Dave|title=Low profile|url=http://www.sptimes.com/2004/07/27/Sports/Low_profile.shtml|access-date=November 9, 2017|work=St. Petersburg Times|date=July 27, 2004}}</ref> Ariri also encouraged fellow Nigeria native [[Donald Igwebuike]] to tryout as kicker for the [[Clemson Tigers football]] team. The Buccaneers cut Ariri after the 1984 season and signed Igwebuike, who went on to become Tampa Bay's career leader in field goals and scoring.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Greene|first1=Jerry|title=Kickers: The Agony Of The Feet|url=http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/1985-09-19/sports/0330100280_1_kickers-lowery-extra-points|access-date=November 9, 2017|work=Orlando Sentinel|date=September 19, 1985}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Casey|first1=Tim|title=Throwback Thursday: When Nigerian Soccer Player Donald Igwebuike Kicked Clemson to a College Football Championship|url=https://sports.vice.com/en_us/article/78n9zg/throwback-thursday-when-nigerian-soccer-player-donald-igwebuike-kicked-clemson-to-a-college-football-championship|access-date=November 9, 2017|work=Vice|date=January 7, 2016}}</ref> A later representative of Nigeria was fullback [[Christian Okoye]] of [[Enugu]], who became famous as the "Nigerian Nightmare" due to his powerful running style and ability to break tackles.<ref>{{cite news|title=Real Nightmare: Okoye Tells of Enduring Family Tragedy--the Death of First Child|url=http://articles.latimes.com/1991-07-25/sports/sp-323_1_christian-okoye|access-date=November 9, 2017|work=Los Angeles Times|agency=Associated Press|date=July 25, 1991}}</ref>

Players representing Africa as of the 2017 season include [[Kenya]] native [[Daniel Adongo]] for the [[Indianapolis Colts]] as an Outside Linebacker,[[Liberia]] native [[Tamba Hali]], a five-time Pro Bowl outside linebacker for the [[Kansas City Chiefs]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Tamba Hali Stats|url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/H/HaliTa20.htm|website=Pro-Football-Reference.com|publisher=Sports Reference|access-date=November 9, 2017}}</ref> and [[Ghana]] native [[Ezekiel Ansah|Ezekiel "Ziggy" Ansah]], a defensive end the [[Detroit Lions]]. Despite his young career, Ansah has been called one of the most influential and greatest Africans to play in the NFL.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Bonsu|first1=Benny|title=Is Ziggy Ansah the best African player in the NFL of all time?|url=https://trueafrica.co/article/is-ziggy-ansah-the-best-african-player-in-the-nfl-of-all-time/|access-date=November 9, 2017|work=True Africa|date=December 18, 2015}}</ref><ref name=Chu/> Ansah was invited to the Pro Bowl in 2015 after recording 14.5 sacks and forcing four fumbles.<ref>{{cite news|title=Meet the Athlete from Ghana turned NFL Pro|url=http://time.com/collection-post/4512286/ziggy-anash-american-voices/|access-date=November 9, 2017|work=Time|date=October 3, 2016}}</ref>

===Australians===
{{see also|Australians in American football}}
Recent seasons have seen a surge of Australians in the NFL primarily at the punter position.<ref name=Mather>{{cite news|last1=Mather|first1=Victor|title=Australian Football Becomes a Punting Pipeline for the American Game|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/10/23/sports/ncaafootball/australian-football-becomes-a-punting-pipeline-for-the-american-game.html|access-date=November 9, 2017|work=The New York Times|date=October 22, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Wood|first1=Patrick|last2=Kennedy|first2=Paul|title=NFL: How Aussie punters are taking American football by storm|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-03-30/how-australian-punters-are-taking-over-american-football/8393124|access-date=November 9, 2017|publisher=ABC|date=March 29, 2017}}</ref> As punting is a vital aspect of [[Australian rules football]], many players who are not fit for the physical play of that league have been able to find success in American football. The first Australian in the NFL was [[Melbourne]] native [[Colin Ridgeway]], a punter who played a single season with the [[Dallas Cowboys]] in 1965.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Ison|first1=Rebekah|title=Colin Ridgway, the tragic tale of Australia's first NFL player|url=http://www.smh.com.au/sport/colin-ridgway-the-tragic-tale-of-australias-first-nfl-player-20141017-117nu2.html|access-date=November 9, 2017|work=The Sydney Morning Herald|date=October 17, 2014}}</ref> The first to spend significant time in the league was [[Darren Bennett (football player)|Darren Bennett]], who was a punter for the [[San Diego Chargers]] and [[Minnesota Vikings]] from 1995 to 2005. He is credited with having paved the way for the upsurge of recent Australian punters in the NFL, which includes [[Ben Graham (football player)|Ben Graham]], [[Matt McBriar]], [[Brad Wing]], [[Saverio Rocca]], [[Jordan Berry]], and [[Lac Edwards]].<ref name=Mather/>

Defensive tackle [[Colin Scotts]] was the first Australian to be drafted into the NFL, selected by the Cardinals in the third round of the 1987 draft.<ref name=Withers>{{cite news|last1=Withers|first1=Andy|title=Jarryd Hayne leaves massive NFL legacy in Australia – Colin Scotts|url=http://www.espn.com/nfl/story/_/id/15556474/jarryd-hayne-leaves-massive-nfl-legacy-american-football-australia-colin-scotts|access-date=November 10, 2017|work=ESPN.com|date=May 15, 2016}}</ref> In 2015, [[rugby league]] footballer [[Jarryd Hayne]] of Sydney signed with the [[San Francisco 49ers]] as an [[undrafted free agent]]. He played a limited role in eight games for the 49ers as a running back and punt returner before returning to Australia to resume his rugby career.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Dubin|first1=Jared|title=49ers' Jarryd Hayne is retiring from the NFL to return to rugby|url=https://www.cbssports.com/nfl/news/49ers-jarryd-hayne-is-retiring-from-the-nfl-to-return-to-rugby/|access-date=November 10, 2017|publisher=CBS Sports|date=May 15, 2016}}</ref> Despite Hayne's brief NFL career, Scotts credited him with spurring the popularity of American football in Australia.<ref name=Withers/>

===Canadians===
{{see also|List of Canadians in the National Football League}}
Canadians make the most significant single source of foreign-born NFL players, due to the close [[Canada–United States relations|geographical, linguistic, economic, and cultural ties between Canada and the United States]]. Most importantly, Canadians play their own domestic [[gridiron football]] code known as [[Canadian football]] and have their own professional equivalent to the NFL, the [[Canadian Football League]] (CFL). Because the two sports are very similar, American and Canadian players regularly transition between the two leagues. Canadians have played in the NFL since its first season when [[Jim Bryant (American football)|Jim Bryant]], [[Perce Wilson]], and [[Tommy Hughitt]] suited up.

==List of foreign players in the Pro Football Hall of Fame==
[[File:Van Buren 1952 Bowman.jpg|thumb|right|Hall of Fame halfback [[Steve Van Buren]] was born in [[La Ceiba]], [[Honduras]].]]
Nine former players born outside the United States have been inducted into the [[Pro Football Hall of Fame]].

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Player !! Birthplace !! Position !! Team(s) !! Inducted !! class="unsortable"|Source
|-
| {{sortname|Morten|Andersen}} || {{DEN}} || [[Placekicker]] || [[New Orleans Saints]] (1982–1994) [[Atlanta Falcons]] (1995–2000) [[New York Giants]] (2001) [[Kansas City Chiefs]] (2002–2003) [[Minnesota Vikings]] (2004) [[Atlanta Falcons]] (2006–2007) || 2017 ||<ref>{{cite web|title=Morten Andersen Stats|url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/A/andermor01.htm|website=Pro-Football-Reference.com|publisher=Sports Reference|access-date=October 26, 2017}}</ref>
|-
| {{sortname|Tom|Fears}} || {{MEX}} || [[End (gridiron football)|End]] || [[Los Angeles Rams]] (1948–1956) || 1970 ||<ref>{{cite web|title=Tom Fears Stats|url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/F/FearTo00.htm|website=Pro-Football-Reference.com|publisher=Sports Reference|access-date=October 26, 2017}}</ref>
|-
| {{sortname|Ted|Hendricks}} || {{GTM}} || [[Linebacker]] || [[Baltimore Colts]] (1969–1973) [[Green Bay Packers]] (1974) [[Oakland Raiders|Oakland / Los Angeles Raiders]] (1975–1983) || 1990 ||<ref>{{cite web|title=Ted Hendricks Stats|url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/H/HendTe00.htm|website=Pro-Football-Reference.com|publisher=Sports Reference|access-date=October 26, 2017}}</ref>
|-
| {{sortname|Bronko|Nagurski}} || {{CAN}} || [[Fullback (gridiron football)|Fullback]] || [[Chicago Bears]] (1930–1937, 1943) || 1963 ||<ref>{{cite web|title=Bronko Nagurski Stats|url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/N/NaguBr00.htm|website=Pro-Football-Reference.com|publisher=Sports Reference|access-date=October 26, 2017}}</ref>
|-
| {{sortname|Leo|Nomellini}} || {{ITA}} || [[Defensive tackle]] || [[San Francisco 49ers]] (1950–1963) || 1969 ||<ref>{{cite web|title=Leo Nomellini Stats|url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/N/NomeLe00.htm|website=Pro-Football-Reference.com|publisher=Sports Reference|access-date=October 26, 2017}}</ref>
|-
| {{sortname|Ernie|Stautner}} || {{GER}} || [[Defensive tackle]] || [[Pittsburgh Steelers]] (1950–1963) || 1969 ||<ref>{{cite web|title=Ernie Stautner Stats|url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/S/StauEr00.htm|website=Pro-Football-Reference.com|publisher=Sports Reference|access-date=October 26, 2017}}</ref>
|-
| {{sortname|Jan|Stenerud}} || {{NOR}} || [[Placekicker]] || [[Kansas City Chiefs]] (1967–1979) [[Green Bay Packers]] (1980–1983) [[Minnesota Vikings]] (1984–1985) || 1991 ||<ref>{{cite web|title=Jan Stenerud Stats|url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/S/stenejan01.htm|website=Pro-Football-Reference.com|publisher=Sports Reference|access-date=October 26, 2017}}</ref>
|-
| {{sortname|Steve|Van Buren}} || {{HND}} || [[Halfback (American football)|Halfback]] || [[Philadelphia Eagles]] (1944–1951) || 1965 ||<ref>{{cite web|title=Steve Van Buren Stats|url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/V/VanBSt00.htm|website=Pro-Football-Reference.com|publisher=Sports Reference|access-date=October 26, 2017}}</ref>
|-
| {{sortname|Arnie|Weinmeister}} || {{CAN}} || [[Defensive tackle]] || [[New York Giants]] (1950–1953) || 1984 ||<ref>{{cite web|title=Arnie Weinmeister Stats|url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/W/WeinAr00.htm|website=Pro-Football-Reference.com|publisher=Sports Reference|access-date=October 26, 2017}}</ref>
|}

==List of foreign players currently in the NFL==
This list includes players active as of the 2020 NFL season who were:
* born outside the United States, or
* born within the U.S., but holding nationality in another country from birth.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Nationality
!Birthplace
!Player
!Position
!First year
!Team
|-
| {{ALB}}
| {{ALB}}
| {{sortname|Kristjan|Sokoli|}}
|DE
|{{nfly|2015}}
| align="center"| [[Free agent]]
|-
| {{AUS}}
| {{AUS}}
| {{sortname|Jordan|Berry|}}
|P
|{{nfly|2015}}
| align="center"|[[Pittsburgh Steelers]]
|-
| {{AUS}}
| {{AUS}}
| {{sortname|Michael|Dickson|Michael Dickson (American football)|}}
|P
|{{nfly|2018}}
| align="center"|[[Seattle Seahawks]]
|-
| {{AUS}}
| {{AUS}}
| {{sortname|Lac|Edwards|}}
|P
|{{nfly|2016}}
| align="center"|[[Free agent]]
|-
| {{AUS}}
| {{AUS}}
| {{sortname|Adam|Gotsis|}}
|DE
|{{nfly|2016}}
| align="center"|[[Jacksonville Jaguars]]
|-
| {{AUS}}
| {{AUS}}
| {{sortname|Cameron|Johnston|Cameron Johnston (footballer)|}}
|P
|{{nfly|2017}}
| align="center"|[[Philadelphia Eagles]]
|-
| {{AUS}}
| {{AUS}}
| {{sortname|Jordan|Mailata}}
|OT
|{{nfly|2018}}
| align="center"|[[Philadelphia Eagles]]
|-
| {{AUS}}
| {{AUS}}
| {{sortname|Mitch|Wishnowsky|}}
|P
|{{nfly|2019}}
| align="center"|[[San Francisco 49ers]]
|-
|{{BLZ}}
|{{BLZ}}
| {{sortname|Rakeem|Nuñez-Roches}}
|DE
|{{nfly|2015}}
| align="center"|[[Tampa Bay Buccaneers]]
|-
| {{BRA}}
| {{BRA}}
| {{sortname|Cairo|Santos|}}
|K
|{{nfly|2014}}
| align="center"|[[Chicago Bears]]
|-
| {{CMR}}
| {{CMR}}
| {{sortname|Steve|Longa|}}
|LB
|{{nfly|2016}}
| align="center"|[[Free agent]]
|-
| {{CAN}}
| {{CAN}}
| {{sortname|Eli|Ankou|}}
|DT
|{{nfly|2017}}
| align="center"|[[Dallas Cowboys]]
|-
| {{CAN}}
| {{CAN}}
| {{sortname|Antony|Auclair|}}
|TE
|{{nfly|2017}}
| align="center"| [[Tampa Bay Buccaneers]]
|-
| {{CAN}}
| {{CAN}}
| {{sortname|Tevaughn|Campbell|}}
|CB
|{{nfly|2019}}
| align="center"| [[Los Angeles Chargers]]
|-
| {{CAN}}
| {{CAN}}
| {{sortname|Chase|Claypool|}}
|WR
|{{nfly|2020}}
| align="center"|[[Pittsburgh Steelers]]
|-
| {{CAN}}
| {{CAN}}
| {{sortname|Christian|Covington|}}
|DT
|{{nfly|2015}}
| align="center"|[[Cincinnati Bengals]]
|-
| {{CAN}}
| {{CAN}}
| {{sortname|Tyrone|Crawford|}}
|DE
|{{nfly|2012}}
| align="center"|[[Dallas Cowboys]]
|-
| {{CAN}}
| {{CAN}}
| {{sortname|Laurent|Duvernay-Tardif|}}
|OG
|{{nfly|2014}}
| align="center"|[[Kansas City Chiefs]]
|-
| {{CAN}}
| {{CAN}}
| {{sortname|Neville|Gallimore|}}
|DE
|{{nfly|2020}}
| align="center"|[[Dallas Cowboys]]
|-
| {{VIN}}
| {{CAN}}
| {{sortname|N'Keal|Harry|}}
|WR
|{{nfly|2019}}
| align="center"|[[New England Patriots]]
|-
| {{USA}}
| {{CAN}}
| {{sortname|T. J.|Jones|}}
|WR
|{{nfly|2014}}
| align="center"|[[Free agent]]
|-
| {{CAN}}
| {{CAN}}
| {{sortname|Brett|Jones|Brett Jones (gridiron football)}}
|C
|{{nfly|2015}}
| align="center"|[[Minnesota Vikings]]
|-
| {{CAN}}
| {{CAN}}
| {{sortname|L. P.|Ladouceur|}}
|LS
|{{nfly|2005}}
| align="center"|[[Dallas Cowboys]]
|-
| {{CAN}}
| {{CAN}}
| {{sortname|Austin|Pasztor|}}
|OT
|{{nfly|2012}}
| align="center"|[[Free agent]]
|-
| {{CAN}}
| {{CAN}}
| {{sortname|Nathan|Shepherd|Nathan Shepherd (American football)}}
|DE
|{{nfly|2018}}
| align="center"|[[New York Jets]]
|-
| {{CAN}}
| {{CAN}}
| {{sortname|Brent|Urban|}}
|DE
|{{nfly|2014}}
| align="center"|[[Chicago Bears]]
|-
| {{CAN}}
| {{CAN}}
| {{sortname|Luke|Willson|}}
|TE
|{{nfly|2013}}
| align="center"|[[Seattle Seahawks]]
|-
| {{DEN}}
| {{DEN}}
| {{sortname|Hjalte|Froholdt|}}
|OG
|{{nfly|2019}}
| align="center"|[[New England Patriots]]
|-
| {{GBR}}
| {{ENG}}
| {{sortname|Jack|Crawford|Jack Crawford (American football)}}
|DE
|{{nfly|2012}}
| align="center"|[[Tennessee Titans]]
|-
| {{GBR}}
| {{ENG}}
| {{sortname|Jermaine|Eluemunor}}
|OG
|{{nfly|2017}}
| align="center"|[[New England Patriots]]
|-
| {{GBR}}
| {{ENG}}
| {{sortname|Alex|Gray|Alex Gray (rugby union)}}
| TE
| {{nfly|2017}}
| align="center"|[[Free agent]]
|-
| {{NGR}}
| {{ENG}}
| {{sortname|Julian|Okwara|}}
|DE
|{{nfly|2020}}
| align="center"|[[Detroit Lions]]
|-
| {{GBR}}
| {{ENG}}
| {{sortname|Christian|Wade|}}
| RB
| {{nfly|2019}}
| align="center"|[[Buffalo Bills]]
|-
| {{EST}}
| {{URS}}
| {{sortname|Margus|Hunt|}}
|DT
|{{nfly|2013}}
| align="center"|[[New Orleans Saints]]
|-
| {{GER}}
| {{GER}}
| {{sortname|Moritz|Böhringer|}}
|TE
|{{nfly|2016}}
| align="center"|[[Free agent]]
|-
| {{GER}} / {{USA}}
| {{GER}}
| {{sortname|Kasim|Edebali|}}
|DE
|{{nfly|2014}}
| align="center"|[[Free agent]]
|-
| {{GER}}
| {{GER}}
| {{sortname|Jakob|Johnson|}}
|FB
|{{nfly|2019}}
| align="center"|[[New England Patriots]]
|-
| {{GER}}
| {{GER}}
| {{sortname|Mark|Nzeocha|}}
|LB
|{{nfly|2015}}
| align="center"|[[San Francisco 49ers]]
|-
| {{USA}}
| {{GER}}
| {{sortname|Vyncint|Smith|}}
|WR
|{{nfly|2018}}
| align="center"|[[New York Jets]]
|-
| {{GHA}}
| {{GHA}}
| {{sortname|Ezekiel|Ansah|}}
|DE
|{{nfly|2013}}
| align="center"|[[San Francisco 49ers]]
|-
| {{HAI}}
| {{HAI}}
| {{sortname|Pierre|Desir|}}
|CB
|{{nfly|2014}}
| align="center"|[[New York Jets]]
|-
| {{ITA}}
| {{ITA}}
| {{sortname|Giorgio|Tavecchio}}
|K
|{{nfly|2012}}
| align="center"|[[Free agent]]
|-
| {{JAM}}
| {{JAM}}
| {{sortname|Corey|Ballentine|}}
|CB
|{{nfly|2019}}
| align="center"|[[New York Giants]]
|-
| {{JAM}}
| {{JAM}}
| {{sortname|Patrick|Chung|}}
|S
|{{nfly|2009}}
| align="center"|[[New England Patriots]]
|-
| {{JAM}} / {{USA}}
| {{JAM}}
| {{sortname|Danielle|Hunter|}}
|DE
|{{nfly|2015}}
| align="center"|[[Minnesota Vikings]]
|-
| {{JAM}} / {{USA}}
| {{JAM}}
| {{sortname|Matt|Peart|}}
|OT
|{{nfly|2020}}
| align="center"|[[New York Giants]]
|-
| {{USA}}
| {{JPN}}
| {{sortname|Robert|Griffin III|}}
|QB
|{{nfly|2012}}
| align="center"|[[Baltimore Ravens]]
|-
| {{USA}}
| {{JPN}}
| {{sortname|DaeSean|Hamilton|}}
|WR
|{{nfly|2018}}
| align="center"|[[Denver Broncos]]
|-
| {{KEN}} / {{USA}}
| {{KEN}}
| {{sortname|Rees|Odhiambo|}}
|OG
|{{nfly|2016}}
| align="center"|[[Free agent]]
|-
| {{LBR}}
| {{LBR}}
| {{sortname|Jehu|Chesson}}
|WR
|{{nfly|2017}}
| align="center"|[[Free agent]]
|-
| {{LBR}}
| {{LBR}}
| {{sortname|Kelvin|Harmon}}
|WR
|{{nfly|2019}}
| align="center"|[[Washington Football Team]]
|-
| {{MEX}}
| {{MEX}}
| {{sortname|Isaac|Alarcón|}}
|OT
|{{nfly|2020}}
| align="center"|[[Dallas Cowboys]]
|-
| {{NGR}} / {{USA}}
| {{NGR}}
| {{sortname|Nelson|Agholor|}}
|WR
|{{nfly|2015}}
| align="center"|[[Las Vegas Raiders]]
|-
|{{NGR}}
|{{NGR}}
| {{sortname|Ade|Aruna|}}
|DE
|{{nfly|2018}}
| align="center"|[[Free agent]]
|-
|{{NGR}}
|{{NGR}}
| {{sortname|Jeremiah|Attaochu}}
|OLB
|{{nfly|2014}}
| align="center"|[[Denver Broncos]]
|-
|{{NGR}}
|{{NGR}}
| {{sortname|Ben|Banogu}}
|DE
|{{nfly|2019}}
| align="center"|[[Indianapolis Colts]]
|-
| {{USA}}
| {{NGR}}
| {{sortname|Leon|Jacobs}}
|LB
|{{nfly|2018}}
| align="center"|[[Jacksonville Jaguars]]
|-
| {{GBR}}
| {{NGR}}
| {{sortname|Efe|Obada|}}
|DE
|{{nfly|2015}}
| align="center"|[[Carolina Panthers]]
|-
| {{NGR}}
| {{NGR}}
| {{sortname|Emmanuel|Ogbah|}}
|OLB
|{{nfly|2016}}
| align="center"|[[Miami Dolphins]]
|-
| {{NGR}}
| {{NGR}}
| {{sortname|Chukwuma|Okorafor|}}
|OT
|{{nfly|2018}}
| align="center"|[[Pittsburgh Steelers]]
|-
| {{NGR}}
| {{NGR}}
| {{sortname|Romeo|Okwara|}}
|DE
|{{nfly|2016}}
| align="center"|[[Detroit Lions]]
|-
| {{NGR}}/{{CAN}}
| {{NGR}}
| {{sortname|David|Onyemata|}}
|DT
|{{nfly|2016}}
| align="center"|[[New Orleans Saints]]
|-
|{{NOR}}
|{{NOR}}
|[[Kaare Vedvik]]
|K/P
|{{Nfly|2018}}
|[[Free agent]]
|-
| {{USA}}
| {{NGR}}
| {{sortname|Prince Tega|Wanogho}}
|OT
|{{nfly|2020}}
| align="center"|[[Philadelphia Eagles]]
|-
| {{GBR}}/ {{USA}}
| {{SCO}}
| {{sortname|Graham|Gano|}}
|K
|{{nfly|2009}}
| align="center"|[[New York Giants]]
|-
| {{GBR}}
| {{SCO}}
| {{sortname|Jamie|Gillan|}}
|P
|{{nfly|2019}}
| align="center"|[[Cleveland Browns]]
|-
| {{Flagicon|Sierra Leone}} [[Sierra Leone]]
| {{Flagicon|Sierra Leone}} [[Sierra Leone]]
| {{sortname|Amara|Darboh|}}
|WR
|{{nfly|2017}}
| align="center"|[[Pittsburgh Steelers]]
|-
| {{RSA}}
| {{RSA}}
| {{sortname|Greg|Joseph|}}
|K
|{{nfly|2018}}
| align="center"|[[Philadelphia Eagles]]
|-
|{{Flagicon|KOR}} [[South Korea]]
|{{Flagicon|KOR}} [[South Korea]]
|[[Younghoe Koo]]
|K
|[[2017 NFL season|2017]]
| align="center"|[[Atlanta Falcons]]
|-
| {{ESP}}/ {{USA}}
| {{ESP}}
| {{sortname|JJ|Arcega-Whiteside|}}
|WR
|{{nfly|2019}}
| align="center"|[[Philadelphia Eagles]]
|-
|{{TON}}
|{{TON}}
|{{sortname|Star|Lotulelei|}}
|DT
|{{nfly|2013}}
| align="center"|[[Buffalo Bills]]
|-
|{{TON}}
|{{TON}}
|{{sortname|Netane|Muti|}}
|OG
|{{nfly|2020}}
| align="center"|[[Denver Broncos]]
|-
| {{USA}}
| {{TTO}}
|{{sortname|Javon|Kinlaw|}}
|DT
|{{nfly|2020}}
| align="center"|[[San Francisco 49ers]]
|-
| {{TUR}} / {{USA}}
| {{TUR}}
|{{sortname|Chris|Conley|Chris Conley (American football)}}
|WR
|{{nfly|2015}}
| align="center"|[[Jacksonville Jaguars]]
|-
| {{CAN}} / {{USA}}
| {{USA}}
| {{sortname|Brett|Rypien}}
|QB
|{{nfly|2019}}
| align="center"|[[Denver Broncos]]
|-
| {{GER}} / {{USA}}
| {{USA}}
| {{sortname|Equanimeous|St. Brown}}
|WR
|{{nfly|2018}}
| align="center"|[[Green Bay Packers]]
|-
| {{ESP}} / {{USA}}
| {{USA}}
| {{sortname|Alejandro|Villanueva|Alejandro_Villanueva_(American_football)}}
|OT
|{{nfly|2014}}
| align="center"|[[Pittsburgh Steelers]]
|}

{{inc-sport}}

==See also==
* [[Black players in professional American football]]
* [[International Player Pathway]]
* [[List of foreign NBA players]]
* [[List of foreign WNBA players]]

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

{{NFL}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Foreign NFL players}}
[[Category:National Football League players]]
[[Category:Lists of National Football League players]]
[[Category:Employment of foreign-born]]
Daniel Carlson kicker from Auburn University was drafted by Minnesota Vikings in 5 round 2018 and now playing for Las Vegas Raiders. Born in Dallas, TX but has Swedish passport also and lived and went to school Örebro, Sweden 2008-2009. From Hans Carlson( Father)

List of NFL players born outside the United States

2021-02-19T12:32:33Z

Willy3198: /* List of foreign players currently in the NFL */

Compared to other [[Major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada|major professional sports leagues in the United States]], the [[National Football League]] (NFL) has the lowest percentage of foreign-born players.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Gaines|first1=Cork|title=Sports Chart of the Day: The International Origins Of NFL Players|url=http://www.businessinsider.com/chart-international-origins-of-nfl-players-2011-11|access-date=February 14, 2017|work=Business Insider|date=November 17, 2011}}</ref> In 2017, roughly 1 out of 33 active players (3.03%) were born outside the US.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Borchers|first1=Callum|title=The NFL has the most protests. It is also the most American sports league.|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2017/10/13/the-nfl-has-the-most-protests-it-is-also-the-most-american-sports-league/|access-date=October 26, 2017|work=The Washington Post|date=October 13, 2017}}</ref> In recent [[NFL Draft]]s, teams have made efforts to search internationally for prospects.<ref name=Chester>{{cite news|last1=Chester|first1=Simon A.|title=NFL teams looking overseas when searching for draft picks|url=http://draftwire.usatoday.com/2016/02/20/nfl-teams-extending-their-search-overseas-when-looking-for-rookie-prospects-and-new-york-giants-are-first-to-take-advantage/|access-date=February 14, 2017|work=USA Today|date=February 20, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Clements|first1=Ron|title=NFL's international brand grows with foreign-born NFL Draft prospects|url=http://www.sportingnews.com/nfl/list/nfl-draft-2016-foreign-born-prospects-international-brand/1eg6fqrc35jms1sfvomhocdcf8|access-date=February 14, 2017|work=Sporting News|date=April 27, 2016}}</ref> A record 12 international players were drafted in the [[2015 NFL Draft]]. As of the beginning of the [[2020 NFL season]], Canada is the most represented foreign country in the NFL, with 12 players, followed by Nigeria with 8 players and Australia with 6.<ref name=PFRbirth/>

Internationals have played in the NFL since the league's founding season in [[1920 APFA season|1920]]. There have been nine foreign-born players inducted into the [[Pro Football Hall of Fame]]. Many international players have found success on [[special teams]]; two of the three highest scorers in NFL history were foreign born: kickers [[Morten Andersen]] of Denmark and [[Gary Anderson (placekicker)|Gary Anderson]] of South Africa.<ref name=Chu>{{cite news|last1=Chu|first1=Hau|title=Best players to cross an ocean to play in the NFL|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/sports/football/best-foreign-born-nfl-players-article-1.2361792|access-date=February 14, 2017|work=New York Daily News|date=September 15, 2015}}</ref> Canada is the all-time most represented foreign country, with 107 players, followed by Germany with 80 players and Jamaica with 40.<ref name=PFRbirth/>

==History==

===Beginnings===
At least nine foreign-born players played in the inaugural season of the NFL, the [[1920 APFA season|1920 season]].<ref name=PFRbirth>{{cite web|title=Player Birthplaces|url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/friv/birthplaces.htm|website=Pro-Football-Reference.com|publisher=Sports Reference|access-date=October 27, 2017}}</ref> These included:
* German brothers [[John Nesser]] and [[Phil Nesser]] for the [[Columbus Panhandles]]. They were part of the [[Nesser Brothers]], one of American football's most famous families of the early 20th century.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Hunter|first1=Bob|title=Forgotten Family: The Nesser Brothers of Columbus, Ohio|url=http://www.daytontriangles.com/nessers.htm|access-date=October 27, 2017|work=The Columbus Dispatch|date=January 27, 2002}}</ref>
* Canadian [[Tommy Hughitt]], player-coach for the [[Buffalo (NFL)|Buffalo All-Americans]]. A star quarterback for the [[Michigan Wolverines football]] team before joining the NFL, he was named to the [[1922 All-Pro Team]] by [[George Halas]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Tommy Hughitt Stats|url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/H/HughTo20.htm|website=Pro-Football-Reference.com|publisher=Sports Reference|access-date=October 27, 2017}}</ref> As Buffalo's head coach, he led the team to 34 wins, 15 losses, and 7 ties from 1920 to 1924.<ref>{{cite web|title=Tommy Hughitt Record, Statistics, and Category Ranks|url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/coaches/HughTo0.htm|website=Pro-Football-Reference.com|publisher=Sports Reference|access-date=October 27, 2017}}</ref>
* Irishman [[Bob Nash (American football)|Bob Nash]] for the [[Akron Pros]]. He contributed to several firsts in NFL history, including being the first player to score a touchdown on a fumble recovery and later was the first captain of the [[New York Giants]].<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Braunwart|first1=Bob|last2=Carroll|first2=Bob|title=The First NFL Game(s)|journal=The Coffin Corner|date=1981|volume=3|issue=2|url=http://www.profootballresearchers.org/Coffin_Corner/03-02-059.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120807123600/http://www.profootballresearchers.org/Coffin_Corner/03-02-059.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=2012-08-07|access-date=October 27, 2017}}</ref> He was also part of the first player-trade between league teams when he was sold to the Buffalo All-Americans prior to a game in 1920 for $300 ({{Inflation|US|300|1920|fmt=eq}}) and five percent of the gate receipts.<ref>{{cite web|title=Chronology of Football (1869–1939)|url=http://www.profootballhof.com/football-history/history-of-football/1869-1939/1920-american-professional-football-conference-is-formed/|publisher=Pro Football Hall of Fame|access-date=October 27, 2017}}</ref>

===Hispanics and Latin Americans===
{{see also|List of Hispanic professional American football players}}
The first Hispanic to play in the NFL was [[Lou Molinet|Ignacio Saturnino "Lou" Molinet]], a Cuban who signed and played with the [[Frankford Yellow Jackets]] in 1927. His contract was donated to the [[Pro Football Hall of Fame]] by his daughter in 2000. Following Molinet were brothers [[Jess Rodriguez]] and [[Kelly Rodriguez]] of Spain; Jess was a tailback for the [[Buffalo Bisons]] in 1929, while Kelly played for the Yellow Jackets and [[Minneapolis Red Jackets]] in 1930.<ref name=LatinHOF>{{cite web|last1=Longoria|first1=Mario|title=Latin-Americans in Pro Football|url=http://www.profootballhof.com/football-history/latin-americans-in-pro-football/|publisher=Pro Football Hall of Fame|access-date=October 26, 2017}}</ref>

In 1944, the [[Philadelphia Eagles]] drafted [[Steve Van Buren]], a halfback who was born in [[La Ceiba]], [[Honduras]], to an American father and Spanish mother. He played for the Eagles for eight seasons and retired as the NFL's career leader in rushing attempts, rushing yards, and rushing touchdowns. Van Buren became the first Hispanic inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1965.<ref>{{cite news|title=Steve Van Buren, Philadelphia Eagles player, Pro Football Hall of Fame inductee|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/sports/steve-van-buren-philadelphia-eagles-player-pro-football-hall-of-fame-inductee/2012/08/24/31985320-ee1e-11e1-afd6-f55f84bc0c41_story.html|access-date=October 27, 2017|work=The Washington Post|date=August 24, 2012}}</ref>

In 1948, the [[Los Angeles Rams]] drafted [[Tom Fears]]. Fears was born in [[Guadalajara]], Mexico, to an American father and Mexican mother. He led the Rams' receiving game as a [[split end]] from 1948 to 1956, winning an [[NFL championship]] with the team in 1951. He later became the first Latino head coach in the NFL, serving as head coach of the [[New Orleans Saints]] from their inauguration in 1967 through 1970. Fears was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1970.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Litsky|first1=Frank|title=Tom Fears, N.F.L. End and Coach, Dies at 77|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/01/08/sports/tom-fears-nfl-end-and-coach-dies-at-77.html|access-date=October 27, 2017|work=The New York Times|date=January 8, 2000}}</ref><ref name=Branch>{{cite news|last1=Branch|first1=John|title=For Alberto Riveron, From Cuba to N.F.L.'s First Hispanic Referee|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/16/sports/football/16ref.html?pagewanted=all|access-date=October 27, 2017|work=The New York Times|date=November 15, 2008}}</ref>
1994 Arizona Cardinals sign a QB Eduardo "Zeus" González, played college with the Condores team, from National Autonomous University of Mexico UNAM in Mexico City. 1990 and 1991 MVP Player, a QB with more yards per air, as one of the regular season games, with more yards by air vs Ginda y Blanco of IPN, throw more than 500yds per air. Let go in the same year. After 2 years in 1996 he sign a new contract with Cardinals of Palermo in Italy at the Golden League. And the end of the season he presented, the project, to do and be part for the first time with an Italian National team to appear in one of the most importantly game in Mexico called "Tazón Azteca"
this game is celebrated each year at the end of the college season in this country. being also the 1st QB of Mexico to play against the selection of Mexico 1996.

===Europeans===
Several native Europeans played in the NFL's inaugural season in 1920, including fullback [[John Barsha]] of Russia, tackle [[John Kvist]] of Sweden, end Bob Nash of Ireland, and German brothers John and Phil Nesser.<ref name=PFRbirth/> Later, [[Bronko Nagurski]] signed with the [[Chicago Bears]]. Although born in Canada, he was the son of Ukrainian immigrants and well known for his Ukrainian heritage. Born Bronislau Nagurski, he became renown for his extraordinary strength and power as a fullback and linebacker for the Bears in the 1930s.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Rogers|first1=Thomas|title=Bronko Nagurski Is Dead at 81; Star Runner for Chicago Bears|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/01/09/obituaries/bronko-nagurski-is-dead-at-81-star-runner-for-chicago-bears.html|access-date=October 28, 2017|work=The New York Times|date=January 9, 1990}}</ref>

Fullback [[Ace Gutowsky]] of Komolty, [[Russian Empire]], played for the [[Detroit Lions]] from 1932 to 1938 and became the franchise's career leader in rushing yards. Contemporary sources state Gutowsky also set the NFL's career rushing yards record of 3,399 in 1939 as a member of the [[Brooklyn Dodgers (NFL)|Brooklyn Dodgers]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Pro Football Mark Broken by Gutowsky; Dodger Back's All-Time Total of 3,399 Yards Tops League|newspaper=The New York Times|date=October 26, 1939|access-date=October 28, 2017|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1939/10/26/archives/pro-football-mark-broken-by-gutowsky-dodger-backs-alltime-total-of.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Gutowsky Sets Pro Grid Mark|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|date=October 25, 1939}}</ref>

In 1950, the [[San Francisco 49ers]] used their first draft pick as an NFL franchise on [[Leo Nomellini]], a defensive tackle from the [[Minnesota Golden Gophers football|University of Minnesota]] who was born in [[Lucca]], Italy, and moved to Chicago at a young age. Nomellini played with the 49ers until he retired in 1963 after 10 Pro Bowl invitations and nine [[All-Pro]] selections. He was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1969 and the [[Italian American Sports Hall of Fame]] in 1979.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Goldstein|first1=Richard|title=Leo Nomellini, 76, 49er Star And an N.F.L. Hall of Famer|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/10/27/sports/leo-nomellini-76-49er-star-and-an-nfl-hall-of-famer.html|access-date=October 28, 2017|work=The New York Times|date=October 22, 2000}}</ref>

[[Garo Yepremian]], born in [[Larnaca]], [[Cyprus]], was a placekicker for the Detroit Lions, Miami Dolphins, New Orleans Saints, and Tampa Bay Buccaneers during a career from 1966 to 1981. He won two Super Bowls and was a two-time Pro Bowl selection with the Dolphins, and is a member of the [[NFL 1970s All-Decade Team]]. But Yepremian may best be remembered for a blunder during the Dolphins' victory in [[Super Bowl VII]], in which his attempt to pass the ball after a blocked field goal attempt resulted in a fumble returned 49 yards for the Washington Redskins' only touchdown of the game.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Stout |first1=David |title=Garo Yepremian, Whose Kicks Outshined One Pass, Dies at 70 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/17/sports/football/garo-yepremian-70-dies-his-kicks-outshined-a-pass.html |access-date=September 9, 2018 |work=The New York Times |date=May 16, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Knoblauch |first1=Austin |title=Garo Yepremian dies at 70; kicker part of undefeated Dolphins team |url=http://www.latimes.com/sports/sportsnow/la-sp-sn-garo-yepremian-dies-dolphins-kicker-20150516-story.html |access-date=September 9, 2018 |work=Los Angeles Times |date=May 16, 2015}}</ref>

[[Scandinavia]] has produced the two lone exclusive [[placekicker]]s in the Pro Football Hall of Fame. [[Jan Stenerud]] came from [[Fetsund]], Norway, to the U.S. by way of a skiing scholarship to [[Montana State University]]. There he picked up placekicking, and was drafted by the [[Kansas City Chiefs]] in the [[1966 American Football League draft|1966 AFL draft]]. He played 19 seasons in the AFL and NFL with the Chiefs, [[Green Bay Packers]], and [[Minnesota Vikings]] and kicked a then-record 373 field goals.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Gregorian|first1=Vahe|title=Fifty years after arriving in KC, Jan Stenerud’s extraordinary story should eclipse one bad day|url=http://www.kansascity.com/sports/spt-columns-blogs/vahe-gregorian/article150406552.html|access-date=November 10, 2017|work=The Kansas City Star|date=May 13, 2017}}</ref> [[Morten Andersen]], born in [[Copenhagen]], [[Denmark]], played 25 seasons in the NFL for five different teams. Nicknamed the "Great Dane", he is the NFL's career leader in field goals made and attempted, games played, and points scored. He retired as the career franchise leader in points scored for both the [[New Orleans Saints]] and [[Atlanta Falcons]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Duncan|first1=Jeff|title=A great night for the Great Dane: Morten Andersen becomes Saints' third Hall of Famer|url=http://www.nola.com/saints/index.ssf/2017/08/morten_andersen_early_hall_of.html|access-date=November 10, 2017|work=The Times-Picayune|date=August 5, 2017}}</ref>

English-born placekicker [[John Smith (American football)|John Smith]] played for the [[New England Patriots]] from 1974 to 1983. Although he led the league in scoring twice and was invited to the Pro Bowl in 1980, he is best known for kicking a game-winning field goal against the [[Miami Dolphins]] in 1982 in the famous [[Snowplow Game]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Thomas|first1=Mike|title=Whatever Happened to: John Smith|url=http://www.heraldnews.com/x2081096206/Whatever-happened-to-John-Smith|access-date=December 11, 2017|work=The Herald News|date=March 9, 2009}}</ref> Other notable Englishmen include [[Atlanta Falcons]] placekicker [[Mick Luckhurst]], who went on to present [[Channel 4]]'s NFL coverage on UK television from 1987 to 1991, two-time Pro Bowl defensive end [[Osi Umenyiora]] and former Eagles running back [[Jay Ajayi]]. While with the [[Miami Dolphins]] in 2016, the London-born Ajayi became the fourth player in NFL history to rush for 200 or more yards three times in a season.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Kelly|first1=Omar|title=Dolphins' Ajayi becomes fourth RB in NFL history to rush for 200-plus yards three times in a season|url=http://www.sun-sentinel.com/sports/miami-dolphins/fl-dolphins-notes-1225-20161224-story.html|access-date=December 11, 2017|work=Sun-Sentinel|date=December 24, 2016}}</ref> He also became the first London-born [[skill position]] player to play in his hometown, when the Dolphins faced the Saints in the [[NFL International Series]] at [[Wembley Stadium]] in 2017.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Rapoport|first1=Ian|title=Miami Dolphins RB Jay Ajayi makes history in London|url=http://www.nfl.com/news/story/0ap3000000853736/article/miami-dolphins-rb-jay-ajayi-makes-history-in-london|access-date=December 11, 2017|work=NFL.com|date=October 1, 2017}}</ref>

===Pacific Islanders===
In recent decades, [[Polynesians]]—in particular [[Samoans]]—have found great success in the NFL,<ref name=Steinberg>{{cite news|last1=Steinberg|first1=Leigh|title=How Can Tiny Samoa Dominate The NFL?|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/leighsteinberg/2015/05/21/how-can-tiny-samoa-dominate-the-nfl/#2ca966a7bfbb|access-date=November 8, 2017|work=Forbes|date=May 21, 2015}}</ref><ref name=Phillips>{{cite news|last1=Phillips|first1=Craig|title=Polynesian NFL Players: Pipeline to the Pinnacle of Football|url=http://www.pbs.org/independentlens/content/polynesian-nfl-players-pipeline-to-the-pinnacle-of-football/|access-date=November 8, 2017|publisher=PBS|date=January 22, 2016}}</ref> so much so that the island of [[American Samoa]] has been referred to as "Football Island" by outsiders.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Pelley|first1=Scott|title=American Samoa: Football Island|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/american-samoa-football-island-17-09-2010/|access-date=November 9, 2017|publisher=CBS News|date=January 17, 2010}}</ref><ref name=Steinberg/><ref>{{cite news|last1=Sonny|first1=Julian|title=Inside Football Island: How Samoa Is Breeding The World’s Best Football Stars|url=https://www.elitedaily.com/sports/inside-football-island-samoa-breeding-worlds-best-football-stars|access-date=November 9, 2017|work=Elite Daily|date=April 1, 2014}}</ref> According to ''[[Forbes]]'' in 2015, a Samoan male was 56 times more likely to play in the NFL than a non-Samoan male.<ref name=Steinberg/>

Samoans began to make their mark in the NFL in the 1970s with players such as [[Jack Thompson (American football)|Jack "The Throwin' Samoan" Thompson]] and [[Pago Pago]] native [[Mosi Tatupu]]. Thompson was the first Polynesian quarterback in the NFL,<ref name=Phillips/> and Tatupu was invited to the Pro Bowl in 1986 as a [[special teams]] player.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Noland|first1=Claire|title=Mosi Tatupu dies at 54; USC fullback became a special-teams staple for New England|url=http://articles.latimes.com/2010/feb/25/local/la-me-mosi-tatupu25-2010feb25|access-date=November 8, 2017|work=Los Angeles Times|date=February 25, 2010}}</ref> Current NFL player and [[American Samoa]] native [[Mike Iupati]] has been invited to four Pro Bowls as an [[offensive guard]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Mike Iupati Stats|url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/I/IupaMi20.htm|access-date=November 8, 2017|work=Pro-Football-Reference.com|publisher=Sports Reference}}</ref>

[[Vai Sikahema]] was the first [[Tonga]] native in the NFL. He led the league in punt return yards in 1986 and 1987 while playing for the [[History of the St. Louis Cardinals (NFL)|St. Louis Cardinals]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Vai Sikahema Stats|url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/S/SikaVa00.htm|website=Pro-Football-Reference.com|publisher=Sports Reference|access-date=November 8, 2017}}</ref> Sikahema's cousin, [[Deuce Lutui|Taitusi "Deuce" Lutui]], also from Tonga, later played seven seasons in the NFL as an offensive guard. [[Super Bowl XLIII]] featured two Tongan offensive guards in Lutui for the Cardinals and [[Chris Kemoeatu]] for the Steelers.<ref>{{cite news|title=Tongan pair join Big Ben centre stage|url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/archive/news/tongan-pair-join-big-ben-centre-stage/story-e6frg7mo-1111118726604|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140809043409/http://www.theaustralian.com.au/archive/news/tongan-pair-join-big-ben-centre-stage/story-e6frg7mo-1111118726604|url-status=dead|archive-date=August 9, 2014|access-date=November 9, 2017|work=The Australian|date=February 2, 2009}}</ref>

The [[Polynesian Football Hall of Fame]] was established in 2013 to honor the greatest players, coaches, and contributors of Polynesian descent in football history.<ref>{{cite news|title=Polynesian Football Hall of Fame announces 2018 Polynesian Bowl and first player commitments|url=http://www.hawaiinewsnow.com/story/34302655/polynesian-football-hall-of-fame-announces-2018-polynesian-bowl-and-first-player-commitments|access-date=November 10, 2017|work=Hawaii News Now|date=January 19, 2017}}</ref> Native Polynesian NFL players that have been inducted include Thompson, Tatupu, Sikahema, New Zealander [[Riki Ellison]], and Samoans [[Jesse Sapolu]] and [[Maa Tanuvasa]]. Tongan [[Ma'ake Kemoeatu]], cousin of Chris, was announced as an inductee for the 2018 class.<ref>{{cite news|title=Polynesian Football Hall of Fame unveils Class of 2018|url=http://www.nfl.com/news/story/0ap3000000859853/article/polynesian-football-hall-of-fame-unveils-class-of-2018|access-date=November 10, 2017|work=NFL.com|date=October 10, 2017}}</ref>

[[File:Hines Ward pregame 2006-11-26.jpg|thumb|upright=.75|[[Seoul]] native [[Hines Ward]]]]

===Asians===
Placekicker [[John Lee (placekicker)|John Lee]] was the first Asian drafted in the NFL.<ref>{{cite news|last=Freeman|first=Mike|title=Nguyen Has Made His Own Long Journey, and the N.F.L. Is in Sight|date=April 5, 1999|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1999/04/05/sports/football-nguyen-has-made-his-own-long-journey-and-the-nfl-is-in-sight.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170914013359/http://www.nytimes.com/1999/04/05/sports/football-nguyen-has-made-his-own-long-journey-and-the-nfl-is-in-sight.html|archive-date=September 14, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> He was born in [[Seoul]], South Korea. The four-year, $900,000 contract he signed with the Cardinals in 1986 was the richest in NFL history for a kicker.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Ostler|first1=Scott|title=UCLA Placekicker John Lee Agrees to Sign Four-Year Cardinal Contract for $900,000|url=http://articles.latimes.com/1986-07-28/sports/sp-18506_1_nfl-kicker|access-date=November 8, 2017|work=Los Angeles Times|date=July 28, 1986}}</ref> Although highly successful in college for the [[UCLA Bruins football|UCLA Bruins]], he lasted only one season in the NFL.<ref name=Chi>{{cite news|last1=Chi|first1=Samuel|title=Who Says Asians Can't Play American Football?|url=https://thediplomat.com/2013/08/who-says-asians-cant-play-american-football/|access-date=November 8, 2017|work=The Diplomat|date=August 29, 2013}}</ref>

One of the most popular Asian-born players in NFL history is [[Hines Ward]]. Born in Seoul to a Korean mother and African-American serviceman, Ward played 14 seasons for the [[Pittsburgh Steelers]] from 1998 to 2011 and is currently coaching in the NFL. During his career he won two Super Bowls, was invited to four Pro Bowls, and set numerous Steelers franchise receiving records.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Briscoe|first1=Jake|title=Top 10 Asian Football Players – 2017 Update|url=http://gazettereview.com/2017/06/top-10-asian-football-players/|access-date=November 8, 2017|work=The Gazette Review|date=June 27, 2017}}</ref><ref name=Chi/>

===Africans===
In 1984, [[Obed Ariri]] of [[Owerri]], Nigeria, set [[Tampa Bay Buccaneers]] franchise single-season records for field goals (19 of 26) and points (95).<ref>{{cite news|last1=Scheiber|first1=Dave|title=Low profile|url=http://www.sptimes.com/2004/07/27/Sports/Low_profile.shtml|access-date=November 9, 2017|work=St. Petersburg Times|date=July 27, 2004}}</ref> Ariri also encouraged fellow Nigeria native [[Donald Igwebuike]] to tryout as kicker for the [[Clemson Tigers football]] team. The Buccaneers cut Ariri after the 1984 season and signed Igwebuike, who went on to become Tampa Bay's career leader in field goals and scoring.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Greene|first1=Jerry|title=Kickers: The Agony Of The Feet|url=http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/1985-09-19/sports/0330100280_1_kickers-lowery-extra-points|access-date=November 9, 2017|work=Orlando Sentinel|date=September 19, 1985}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Casey|first1=Tim|title=Throwback Thursday: When Nigerian Soccer Player Donald Igwebuike Kicked Clemson to a College Football Championship|url=https://sports.vice.com/en_us/article/78n9zg/throwback-thursday-when-nigerian-soccer-player-donald-igwebuike-kicked-clemson-to-a-college-football-championship|access-date=November 9, 2017|work=Vice|date=January 7, 2016}}</ref> A later representative of Nigeria was fullback [[Christian Okoye]] of [[Enugu]], who became famous as the "Nigerian Nightmare" due to his powerful running style and ability to break tackles.<ref>{{cite news|title=Real Nightmare: Okoye Tells of Enduring Family Tragedy--the Death of First Child|url=http://articles.latimes.com/1991-07-25/sports/sp-323_1_christian-okoye|access-date=November 9, 2017|work=Los Angeles Times|agency=Associated Press|date=July 25, 1991}}</ref>

Players representing Africa as of the 2017 season include [[Kenya]] native [[Daniel Adongo]] for the [[Indianapolis Colts]] as an Outside Linebacker,[[Liberia]] native [[Tamba Hali]], a five-time Pro Bowl outside linebacker for the [[Kansas City Chiefs]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Tamba Hali Stats|url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/H/HaliTa20.htm|website=Pro-Football-Reference.com|publisher=Sports Reference|access-date=November 9, 2017}}</ref> and [[Ghana]] native [[Ezekiel Ansah|Ezekiel "Ziggy" Ansah]], a defensive end the [[Detroit Lions]]. Despite his young career, Ansah has been called one of the most influential and greatest Africans to play in the NFL.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Bonsu|first1=Benny|title=Is Ziggy Ansah the best African player in the NFL of all time?|url=https://trueafrica.co/article/is-ziggy-ansah-the-best-african-player-in-the-nfl-of-all-time/|access-date=November 9, 2017|work=True Africa|date=December 18, 2015}}</ref><ref name=Chu/> Ansah was invited to the Pro Bowl in 2015 after recording 14.5 sacks and forcing four fumbles.<ref>{{cite news|title=Meet the Athlete from Ghana turned NFL Pro|url=http://time.com/collection-post/4512286/ziggy-anash-american-voices/|access-date=November 9, 2017|work=Time|date=October 3, 2016}}</ref>

===Australians===
{{see also|Australians in American football}}
Recent seasons have seen a surge of Australians in the NFL primarily at the punter position.<ref name=Mather>{{cite news|last1=Mather|first1=Victor|title=Australian Football Becomes a Punting Pipeline for the American Game|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/10/23/sports/ncaafootball/australian-football-becomes-a-punting-pipeline-for-the-american-game.html|access-date=November 9, 2017|work=The New York Times|date=October 22, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Wood|first1=Patrick|last2=Kennedy|first2=Paul|title=NFL: How Aussie punters are taking American football by storm|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-03-30/how-australian-punters-are-taking-over-american-football/8393124|access-date=November 9, 2017|publisher=ABC|date=March 29, 2017}}</ref> As punting is a vital aspect of [[Australian rules football]], many players who are not fit for the physical play of that league have been able to find success in American football. The first Australian in the NFL was [[Melbourne]] native [[Colin Ridgeway]], a punter who played a single season with the [[Dallas Cowboys]] in 1965.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Ison|first1=Rebekah|title=Colin Ridgway, the tragic tale of Australia's first NFL player|url=http://www.smh.com.au/sport/colin-ridgway-the-tragic-tale-of-australias-first-nfl-player-20141017-117nu2.html|access-date=November 9, 2017|work=The Sydney Morning Herald|date=October 17, 2014}}</ref> The first to spend significant time in the league was [[Darren Bennett (football player)|Darren Bennett]], who was a punter for the [[San Diego Chargers]] and [[Minnesota Vikings]] from 1995 to 2005. He is credited with having paved the way for the upsurge of recent Australian punters in the NFL, which includes [[Ben Graham (football player)|Ben Graham]], [[Matt McBriar]], [[Brad Wing]], [[Saverio Rocca]], [[Jordan Berry]], and [[Lac Edwards]].<ref name=Mather/>

Defensive tackle [[Colin Scotts]] was the first Australian to be drafted into the NFL, selected by the Cardinals in the third round of the 1987 draft.<ref name=Withers>{{cite news|last1=Withers|first1=Andy|title=Jarryd Hayne leaves massive NFL legacy in Australia – Colin Scotts|url=http://www.espn.com/nfl/story/_/id/15556474/jarryd-hayne-leaves-massive-nfl-legacy-american-football-australia-colin-scotts|access-date=November 10, 2017|work=ESPN.com|date=May 15, 2016}}</ref> In 2015, [[rugby league]] footballer [[Jarryd Hayne]] of Sydney signed with the [[San Francisco 49ers]] as an [[undrafted free agent]]. He played a limited role in eight games for the 49ers as a running back and punt returner before returning to Australia to resume his rugby career.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Dubin|first1=Jared|title=49ers' Jarryd Hayne is retiring from the NFL to return to rugby|url=https://www.cbssports.com/nfl/news/49ers-jarryd-hayne-is-retiring-from-the-nfl-to-return-to-rugby/|access-date=November 10, 2017|publisher=CBS Sports|date=May 15, 2016}}</ref> Despite Hayne's brief NFL career, Scotts credited him with spurring the popularity of American football in Australia.<ref name=Withers/>

===Canadians===
{{see also|List of Canadians in the National Football League}}
Canadians make the most significant single source of foreign-born NFL players, due to the close [[Canada–United States relations|geographical, linguistic, economic, and cultural ties between Canada and the United States]]. Most importantly, Canadians play their own domestic [[gridiron football]] code known as [[Canadian football]] and have their own professional equivalent to the NFL, the [[Canadian Football League]] (CFL). Because the two sports are very similar, American and Canadian players regularly transition between the two leagues. Canadians have played in the NFL since its first season when [[Jim Bryant (American football)|Jim Bryant]], [[Perce Wilson]], and [[Tommy Hughitt]] suited up.

==List of foreign players in the Pro Football Hall of Fame==
[[File:Van Buren 1952 Bowman.jpg|thumb|right|Hall of Fame halfback [[Steve Van Buren]] was born in [[La Ceiba]], [[Honduras]].]]
Nine former players born outside the United States have been inducted into the [[Pro Football Hall of Fame]].

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Player !! Birthplace !! Position !! Team(s) !! Inducted !! class="unsortable"|Source
|-
| {{sortname|Morten|Andersen}} || {{DEN}} || [[Placekicker]] || [[New Orleans Saints]] (1982–1994) [[Atlanta Falcons]] (1995–2000) [[New York Giants]] (2001) [[Kansas City Chiefs]] (2002–2003) [[Minnesota Vikings]] (2004) [[Atlanta Falcons]] (2006–2007) || 2017 ||<ref>{{cite web|title=Morten Andersen Stats|url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/A/andermor01.htm|website=Pro-Football-Reference.com|publisher=Sports Reference|access-date=October 26, 2017}}</ref>
|-
| {{sortname|Tom|Fears}} || {{MEX}} || [[End (gridiron football)|End]] || [[Los Angeles Rams]] (1948–1956) || 1970 ||<ref>{{cite web|title=Tom Fears Stats|url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/F/FearTo00.htm|website=Pro-Football-Reference.com|publisher=Sports Reference|access-date=October 26, 2017}}</ref>
|-
| {{sortname|Ted|Hendricks}} || {{GTM}} || [[Linebacker]] || [[Baltimore Colts]] (1969–1973) [[Green Bay Packers]] (1974) [[Oakland Raiders|Oakland / Los Angeles Raiders]] (1975–1983) || 1990 ||<ref>{{cite web|title=Ted Hendricks Stats|url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/H/HendTe00.htm|website=Pro-Football-Reference.com|publisher=Sports Reference|access-date=October 26, 2017}}</ref>
|-
| {{sortname|Bronko|Nagurski}} || {{CAN}} || [[Fullback (gridiron football)|Fullback]] || [[Chicago Bears]] (1930–1937, 1943) || 1963 ||<ref>{{cite web|title=Bronko Nagurski Stats|url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/N/NaguBr00.htm|website=Pro-Football-Reference.com|publisher=Sports Reference|access-date=October 26, 2017}}</ref>
|-
| {{sortname|Leo|Nomellini}} || {{ITA}} || [[Defensive tackle]] || [[San Francisco 49ers]] (1950–1963) || 1969 ||<ref>{{cite web|title=Leo Nomellini Stats|url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/N/NomeLe00.htm|website=Pro-Football-Reference.com|publisher=Sports Reference|access-date=October 26, 2017}}</ref>
|-
| {{sortname|Ernie|Stautner}} || {{GER}} || [[Defensive tackle]] || [[Pittsburgh Steelers]] (1950–1963) || 1969 ||<ref>{{cite web|title=Ernie Stautner Stats|url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/S/StauEr00.htm|website=Pro-Football-Reference.com|publisher=Sports Reference|access-date=October 26, 2017}}</ref>
|-
| {{sortname|Jan|Stenerud}} || {{NOR}} || [[Placekicker]] || [[Kansas City Chiefs]] (1967–1979) [[Green Bay Packers]] (1980–1983) [[Minnesota Vikings]] (1984–1985) || 1991 ||<ref>{{cite web|title=Jan Stenerud Stats|url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/S/stenejan01.htm|website=Pro-Football-Reference.com|publisher=Sports Reference|access-date=October 26, 2017}}</ref>
|-
| {{sortname|Steve|Van Buren}} || {{HND}} || [[Halfback (American football)|Halfback]] || [[Philadelphia Eagles]] (1944–1951) || 1965 ||<ref>{{cite web|title=Steve Van Buren Stats|url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/V/VanBSt00.htm|website=Pro-Football-Reference.com|publisher=Sports Reference|access-date=October 26, 2017}}</ref>
|-
| {{sortname|Arnie|Weinmeister}} || {{CAN}} || [[Defensive tackle]] || [[New York Giants]] (1950–1953) || 1984 ||<ref>{{cite web|title=Arnie Weinmeister Stats|url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/W/WeinAr00.htm|website=Pro-Football-Reference.com|publisher=Sports Reference|access-date=October 26, 2017}}</ref>
|}

==List of foreign players currently in the NFL==
This list includes players active as of the 2020 NFL season who were:
* born outside the United States, or
* born within the U.S., but holding nationality in another country from birth.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Nationality
!Birthplace
!Player
!Position
!First year
!Team
|-
| {{ALB}}
| {{ALB}}
| {{sortname|Kristjan|Sokoli|}}
|DE
|{{nfly|2015}}
| align="center"| [[Free agent]]
|-
| {{AUS}}
| {{AUS}}
| {{sortname|Jordan|Berry|}}
|P
|{{nfly|2015}}
| align="center"|[[Pittsburgh Steelers]]
|-
| {{AUS}}
| {{AUS}}
| {{sortname|Michael|Dickson|Michael Dickson (American football)|}}
|P
|{{nfly|2018}}
| align="center"|[[Seattle Seahawks]]
|-
| {{AUS}}
| {{AUS}}
| {{sortname|Lac|Edwards|}}
|P
|{{nfly|2016}}
| align="center"|[[Free agent]]
|-
| {{AUS}}
| {{AUS}}
| {{sortname|Adam|Gotsis|}}
|DE
|{{nfly|2016}}
| align="center"|[[Jacksonville Jaguars]]
|-
| {{AUS}}
| {{AUS}}
| {{sortname|Cameron|Johnston|Cameron Johnston (footballer)|}}
|P
|{{nfly|2017}}
| align="center"|[[Philadelphia Eagles]]
|-
| {{AUS}}
| {{AUS}}
| {{sortname|Jordan|Mailata}}
|OT
|{{nfly|2018}}
| align="center"|[[Philadelphia Eagles]]
|-
| {{AUS}}
| {{AUS}}
| {{sortname|Mitch|Wishnowsky|}}
|P
|{{nfly|2019}}
| align="center"|[[San Francisco 49ers]]
|-
|{{BLZ}}
|{{BLZ}}
| {{sortname|Rakeem|Nuñez-Roches}}
|DE
|{{nfly|2015}}
| align="center"|[[Tampa Bay Buccaneers]]
|-
| {{BRA}}
| {{BRA}}
| {{sortname|Cairo|Santos|}}
|K
|{{nfly|2014}}
| align="center"|[[Chicago Bears]]
|-
| {{CMR}}
| {{CMR}}
| {{sortname|Steve|Longa|}}
|LB
|{{nfly|2016}}
| align="center"|[[Free agent]]
|-
| {{CAN}}
| {{CAN}}
| {{sortname|Eli|Ankou|}}
|DT
|{{nfly|2017}}
| align="center"|[[Dallas Cowboys]]
|-
| {{CAN}}
| {{CAN}}
| {{sortname|Antony|Auclair|}}
|TE
|{{nfly|2017}}
| align="center"| [[Tampa Bay Buccaneers]]
|-
| {{CAN}}
| {{CAN}}
| {{sortname|Tevaughn|Campbell|}}
|CB
|{{nfly|2019}}
| align="center"| [[Los Angeles Chargers]]
|-
| {{CAN}}
| {{CAN}}
| {{sortname|Chase|Claypool|}}
|WR
|{{nfly|2020}}
| align="center"|[[Pittsburgh Steelers]]
|-
| {{CAN}}
| {{CAN}}
| {{sortname|Christian|Covington|}}
|DT
|{{nfly|2015}}
| align="center"|[[Cincinnati Bengals]]
|-
| {{CAN}}
| {{CAN}}
| {{sortname|Tyrone|Crawford|}}
|DE
|{{nfly|2012}}
| align="center"|[[Dallas Cowboys]]
|-
| {{CAN}}
| {{CAN}}
| {{sortname|Laurent|Duvernay-Tardif|}}
|OG
|{{nfly|2014}}
| align="center"|[[Kansas City Chiefs]]
|-
| {{CAN}}
| {{CAN}}
| {{sortname|Neville|Gallimore|}}
|DE
|{{nfly|2020}}
| align="center"|[[Dallas Cowboys]]
|-
| {{VIN}}
| {{CAN}}
| {{sortname|N'Keal|Harry|}}
|WR
|{{nfly|2019}}
| align="center"|[[New England Patriots]]
|-
| {{USA}}
| {{CAN}}
| {{sortname|T. J.|Jones|}}
|WR
|{{nfly|2014}}
| align="center"|[[Free agent]]
|-
| {{CAN}}
| {{CAN}}
| {{sortname|Brett|Jones|Brett Jones (gridiron football)}}
|C
|{{nfly|2015}}
| align="center"|[[Minnesota Vikings]]
|-
| {{CAN}}
| {{CAN}}
| {{sortname|L. P.|Ladouceur|}}
|LS
|{{nfly|2005}}
| align="center"|[[Dallas Cowboys]]
|-
| {{CAN}}
| {{CAN}}
| {{sortname|Austin|Pasztor|}}
|OT
|{{nfly|2012}}
| align="center"|[[Free agent]]
|-
| {{CAN}}
| {{CAN}}
| {{sortname|Nathan|Shepherd|Nathan Shepherd (American football)}}
|DE
|{{nfly|2018}}
| align="center"|[[New York Jets]]
|-
| {{CAN}}
| {{CAN}}
| {{sortname|Brent|Urban|}}
|DE
|{{nfly|2014}}
| align="center"|[[Chicago Bears]]
|-
| {{CAN}}
| {{CAN}}
| {{sortname|Luke|Willson|}}
|TE
|{{nfly|2013}}
| align="center"|[[Seattle Seahawks]]
|-
| {{DEN}}
| {{DEN}}
| {{sortname|Hjalte|Froholdt|}}
|OG
|{{nfly|2019}}
| align="center"|[[New England Patriots]]
|-
| {{GBR}}
| {{ENG}}
| {{sortname|Jack|Crawford|Jack Crawford (American football)}}
|DE
|{{nfly|2012}}
| align="center"|[[Tennessee Titans]]
|-
| {{GBR}}
| {{ENG}}
| {{sortname|Jermaine|Eluemunor}}
|OG
|{{nfly|2017}}
| align="center"|[[New England Patriots]]
|-
| {{GBR}}
| {{ENG}}
| {{sortname|Alex|Gray|Alex Gray (rugby union)}}
| TE
| {{nfly|2017}}
| align="center"|[[Free agent]]
|-
| {{NGR}}
| {{ENG}}
| {{sortname|Julian|Okwara|}}
|DE
|{{nfly|2020}}
| align="center"|[[Detroit Lions]]
|-
| {{GBR}}
| {{ENG}}
| {{sortname|Christian|Wade|}}
| RB
| {{nfly|2019}}
| align="center"|[[Buffalo Bills]]
|-
| {{EST}}
| {{URS}}
| {{sortname|Margus|Hunt|}}
|DT
|{{nfly|2013}}
| align="center"|[[New Orleans Saints]]
|-
| {{GER}}
| {{GER}}
| {{sortname|Moritz|Böhringer|}}
|TE
|{{nfly|2016}}
| align="center"|[[Free agent]]
|-
| {{GER}} / {{USA}}
| {{GER}}
| {{sortname|Kasim|Edebali|}}
|DE
|{{nfly|2014}}
| align="center"|[[Free agent]]
|-
| {{GER}}
| {{GER}}
| {{sortname|Jakob|Johnson|}}
|FB
|{{nfly|2019}}
| align="center"|[[New England Patriots]]
|-
| {{GER}}
| {{GER}}
| {{sortname|Mark|Nzeocha|}}
|LB
|{{nfly|2015}}
| align="center"|[[San Francisco 49ers]]
|-
| {{USA}}
| {{GER}}
| {{sortname|Vyncint|Smith|}}
|WR
|{{nfly|2018}}
| align="center"|[[New York Jets]]
|-
| {{GHA}}
| {{GHA}}
| {{sortname|Ezekiel|Ansah|}}
|DE
|{{nfly|2013}}
| align="center"|[[San Francisco 49ers]]
|-
| {{HAI}}
| {{HAI}}
| {{sortname|Pierre|Desir|}}
|CB
|{{nfly|2014}}
| align="center"|[[New York Jets]]
|-
| {{ITA}}
| {{ITA}}
| {{sortname|Giorgio|Tavecchio}}
|K
|{{nfly|2012}}
| align="center"|[[Free agent]]
|-
| {{JAM}}
| {{JAM}}
| {{sortname|Corey|Ballentine|}}
|CB
|{{nfly|2019}}
| align="center"|[[New York Giants]]
|-
| {{JAM}}
| {{JAM}}
| {{sortname|Patrick|Chung|}}
|S
|{{nfly|2009}}
| align="center"|[[New England Patriots]]
|-
| {{JAM}} / {{USA}}
| {{JAM}}
| {{sortname|Danielle|Hunter|}}
|DE
|{{nfly|2015}}
| align="center"|[[Minnesota Vikings]]
|-
| {{JAM}} / {{USA}}
| {{JAM}}
| {{sortname|Matt|Peart|}}
|OT
|{{nfly|2020}}
| align="center"|[[New York Giants]]
|-
| {{USA}}
| {{JPN}}
| {{sortname|Robert|Griffin III|}}
|QB
|{{nfly|2012}}
| align="center"|[[Baltimore Ravens]]
|-
| {{USA}}
| {{JPN}}
| {{sortname|DaeSean|Hamilton|}}
|WR
|{{nfly|2018}}
| align="center"|[[Denver Broncos]]
|-
| {{KEN}} / {{USA}}
| {{KEN}}
| {{sortname|Rees|Odhiambo|}}
|OG
|{{nfly|2016}}
| align="center"|[[Free agent]]
|-
| {{LBR}}
| {{LBR}}
| {{sortname|Jehu|Chesson}}
|WR
|{{nfly|2017}}
| align="center"|[[Free agent]]
|-
| {{LBR}}
| {{LBR}}
| {{sortname|Kelvin|Harmon}}
|WR
|{{nfly|2019}}
| align="center"|[[Washington Football Team]]
|-
| {{MEX}}
| {{MEX}}
| {{sortname|Isaac|Alarcón|}}
|OT
|{{nfly|2020}}
| align="center"|[[Dallas Cowboys]]
|-
| {{NGR}} / {{USA}}
| {{NGR}}
| {{sortname|Nelson|Agholor|}}
|WR
|{{nfly|2015}}
| align="center"|[[Las Vegas Raiders]]
|-
|{{NGR}}
|{{NGR}}
| {{sortname|Ade|Aruna|}}
|DE
|{{nfly|2018}}
| align="center"|[[Free agent]]
|-
|{{NGR}}
|{{NGR}}
| {{sortname|Jeremiah|Attaochu}}
|OLB
|{{nfly|2014}}
| align="center"|[[Denver Broncos]]
|-
|{{NGR}}
|{{NGR}}
| {{sortname|Ben|Banogu}}
|DE
|{{nfly|2019}}
| align="center"|[[Indianapolis Colts]]
|-
| {{USA}}
| {{NGR}}
| {{sortname|Leon|Jacobs}}
|LB
|{{nfly|2018}}
| align="center"|[[Jacksonville Jaguars]]
|-
| {{GBR}}
| {{NGR}}
| {{sortname|Efe|Obada|}}
|DE
|{{nfly|2015}}
| align="center"|[[Carolina Panthers]]
|-
| {{NGR}}
| {{NGR}}
| {{sortname|Emmanuel|Ogbah|}}
|OLB
|{{nfly|2016}}
| align="center"|[[Miami Dolphins]]
|-
| {{NGR}}
| {{NGR}}
| {{sortname|Chukwuma|Okorafor|}}
|OT
|{{nfly|2018}}
| align="center"|[[Pittsburgh Steelers]]
|-
| {{NGR}}
| {{NGR}}
| {{sortname|Romeo|Okwara|}}
|DE
|{{nfly|2016}}
| align="center"|[[Detroit Lions]]
|-
| {{NGR}}/{{CAN}}
| {{NGR}}
| {{sortname|David|Onyemata|}}
|DT
|{{nfly|2016}}
| align="center"|[[New Orleans Saints]]
|-
|{{NOR}}
|{{NOR}}
|[[Kaare Vedvik]]
|K/P
|{{Nfly|2018}}
|[[Free agent]]
|-
| {{USA}}
| {{NGR}}
| {{sortname|Prince Tega|Wanogho}}
|OT
|{{nfly|2020}}
| align="center"|[[Philadelphia Eagles]]
|-
| {{GBR}}/ {{USA}}
| {{SCO}}
| {{sortname|Graham|Gano|}}
|K
|{{nfly|2009}}
| align="center"|[[New York Giants]]
|-
| {{GBR}}
| {{SCO}}
| {{sortname|Jamie|Gillan|}}
|P
|{{nfly|2019}}
| align="center"|[[Cleveland Browns]]
|-
| {{Flagicon|Sierra Leone}} [[Sierra Leone]]
| {{Flagicon|Sierra Leone}} [[Sierra Leone]]
| {{sortname|Amara|Darboh|}}
|WR
|{{nfly|2017}}
| align="center"|[[Pittsburgh Steelers]]
|-
| {{RSA}}
| {{RSA}}
| {{sortname|Greg|Joseph|}}
|K
|{{nfly|2018}}
| align="center"|[[Philadelphia Eagles]]
|-
|{{Flagicon|KOR}} [[South Korea]]
|{{Flagicon|KOR}} [[South Korea]]
|[[Younghoe Koo]]
|K
|[[2017 NFL season|2017]]
| align="center"|[[Atlanta Falcons]]
|-
| {{ESP}}/ {{USA}}
| {{ESP}}
| {{sortname|JJ|Arcega-Whiteside|}}
|WR
|{{nfly|2019}}
| align="center"|[[Philadelphia Eagles]]
|-
|{{TON}}
|{{TON}}
|{{sortname|Star|Lotulelei|}}
|DT
|{{nfly|2013}}
| align="center"|[[Buffalo Bills]]
|-
|{{TON}}
|{{TON}}
|{{sortname|Netane|Muti|}}
|OG
|{{nfly|2020}}
| align="center"|[[Denver Broncos]]
|-
| {{USA}}
| {{TTO}}
|{{sortname|Javon|Kinlaw|}}
|DT
|{{nfly|2020}}
| align="center"|[[San Francisco 49ers]]
|-
| {{{USA}}
| {{TUR}}
|{{sortname|Chris|Conley|Chris Conley (American football)}}
|WR
|{{nfly|2015}}
| align="center"|[[Jacksonville Jaguars]]
|-
| {{CAN}} / {{USA}}
| {{USA}}
| {{sortname|Brett|Rypien}}
|QB
|{{nfly|2019}}
| align="center"|[[Denver Broncos]]
|-
| {{GER}} / {{USA}}
| {{USA}}
| {{sortname|Equanimeous|St. Brown}}
|WR
|{{nfly|2018}}
| align="center"|[[Green Bay Packers]]
|-
| {{ESP}} / {{USA}}
| {{USA}}
| {{sortname|Alejandro|Villanueva|Alejandro_Villanueva_(American_football)}}
|OT
|{{nfly|2014}}
| align="center"|[[Pittsburgh Steelers]]
|}

{{inc-sport}}

==See also==
* [[Black players in professional American football]]
* [[International Player Pathway]]
* [[List of foreign NBA players]]
* [[List of foreign WNBA players]]

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

{{NFL}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Foreign NFL players}}
[[Category:National Football League players]]
[[Category:Lists of National Football League players]]
[[Category:Employment of foreign-born]]
Daniel Carlson kicker from Auburn University was drafted by Minnesota Vikings in 5 round 2018 and now playing for Las Vegas Raiders. Born in Dallas, TX but has Swedish passport also and lived and went to school Örebro, Sweden 2008-2009. From Hans Carlson( Father)

List of NFL players born outside the United States

2021-02-19T12:31:20Z

Willy3198: /* List of foreign players currently in the NFL */

List of NFL players born outside the United States

2021-02-19T12:29:28Z

Willy3198: /* List of foreign players currently in the NFL */

Compared to other [[Major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada|major professional sports leagues in the United States]], the [[National Football League]] (NFL) has the lowest percentage of foreign-born players.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Gaines|first1=Cork|title=Sports Chart of the Day: The International Origins Of NFL Players|url=http://www.businessinsider.com/chart-international-origins-of-nfl-players-2011-11|access-date=February 14, 2017|work=Business Insider|date=November 17, 2011}}</ref> In 2017, roughly 1 out of 33 active players (3.03%) were born outside the US.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Borchers|first1=Callum|title=The NFL has the most protests. It is also the most American sports league.|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2017/10/13/the-nfl-has-the-most-protests-it-is-also-the-most-american-sports-league/|access-date=October 26, 2017|work=The Washington Post|date=October 13, 2017}}</ref> In recent [[NFL Draft]]s, teams have made efforts to search internationally for prospects.<ref name=Chester>{{cite news|last1=Chester|first1=Simon A.|title=NFL teams looking overseas when searching for draft picks|url=http://draftwire.usatoday.com/2016/02/20/nfl-teams-extending-their-search-overseas-when-looking-for-rookie-prospects-and-new-york-giants-are-first-to-take-advantage/|access-date=February 14, 2017|work=USA Today|date=February 20, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Clements|first1=Ron|title=NFL's international brand grows with foreign-born NFL Draft prospects|url=http://www.sportingnews.com/nfl/list/nfl-draft-2016-foreign-born-prospects-international-brand/1eg6fqrc35jms1sfvomhocdcf8|access-date=February 14, 2017|work=Sporting News|date=April 27, 2016}}</ref> A record 12 international players were drafted in the [[2015 NFL Draft]]. As of the beginning of the [[2020 NFL season]], Canada is the most represented foreign country in the NFL, with 12 players, followed by Nigeria with 8 players and Australia with 6.<ref name=PFRbirth/>

Internationals have played in the NFL since the league's founding season in [[1920 APFA season|1920]]. There have been nine foreign-born players inducted into the [[Pro Football Hall of Fame]]. Many international players have found success on [[special teams]]; two of the three highest scorers in NFL history were foreign born: kickers [[Morten Andersen]] of Denmark and [[Gary Anderson (placekicker)|Gary Anderson]] of South Africa.<ref name=Chu>{{cite news|last1=Chu|first1=Hau|title=Best players to cross an ocean to play in the NFL|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/sports/football/best-foreign-born-nfl-players-article-1.2361792|access-date=February 14, 2017|work=New York Daily News|date=September 15, 2015}}</ref> Canada is the all-time most represented foreign country, with 107 players, followed by Germany with 80 players and Jamaica with 40.<ref name=PFRbirth/>

==History==

===Beginnings===
At least nine foreign-born players played in the inaugural season of the NFL, the [[1920 APFA season|1920 season]].<ref name=PFRbirth>{{cite web|title=Player Birthplaces|url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/friv/birthplaces.htm|website=Pro-Football-Reference.com|publisher=Sports Reference|access-date=October 27, 2017}}</ref> These included:
* German brothers [[John Nesser]] and [[Phil Nesser]] for the [[Columbus Panhandles]]. They were part of the [[Nesser Brothers]], one of American football's most famous families of the early 20th century.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Hunter|first1=Bob|title=Forgotten Family: The Nesser Brothers of Columbus, Ohio|url=http://www.daytontriangles.com/nessers.htm|access-date=October 27, 2017|work=The Columbus Dispatch|date=January 27, 2002}}</ref>
* Canadian [[Tommy Hughitt]], player-coach for the [[Buffalo (NFL)|Buffalo All-Americans]]. A star quarterback for the [[Michigan Wolverines football]] team before joining the NFL, he was named to the [[1922 All-Pro Team]] by [[George Halas]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Tommy Hughitt Stats|url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/H/HughTo20.htm|website=Pro-Football-Reference.com|publisher=Sports Reference|access-date=October 27, 2017}}</ref> As Buffalo's head coach, he led the team to 34 wins, 15 losses, and 7 ties from 1920 to 1924.<ref>{{cite web|title=Tommy Hughitt Record, Statistics, and Category Ranks|url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/coaches/HughTo0.htm|website=Pro-Football-Reference.com|publisher=Sports Reference|access-date=October 27, 2017}}</ref>
* Irishman [[Bob Nash (American football)|Bob Nash]] for the [[Akron Pros]]. He contributed to several firsts in NFL history, including being the first player to score a touchdown on a fumble recovery and later was the first captain of the [[New York Giants]].<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Braunwart|first1=Bob|last2=Carroll|first2=Bob|title=The First NFL Game(s)|journal=The Coffin Corner|date=1981|volume=3|issue=2|url=http://www.profootballresearchers.org/Coffin_Corner/03-02-059.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120807123600/http://www.profootballresearchers.org/Coffin_Corner/03-02-059.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=2012-08-07|access-date=October 27, 2017}}</ref> He was also part of the first player-trade between league teams when he was sold to the Buffalo All-Americans prior to a game in 1920 for $300 ({{Inflation|US|300|1920|fmt=eq}}) and five percent of the gate receipts.<ref>{{cite web|title=Chronology of Football (1869–1939)|url=http://www.profootballhof.com/football-history/history-of-football/1869-1939/1920-american-professional-football-conference-is-formed/|publisher=Pro Football Hall of Fame|access-date=October 27, 2017}}</ref>

===Hispanics and Latin Americans===
{{see also|List of Hispanic professional American football players}}
The first Hispanic to play in the NFL was [[Lou Molinet|Ignacio Saturnino "Lou" Molinet]], a Cuban who signed and played with the [[Frankford Yellow Jackets]] in 1927. His contract was donated to the [[Pro Football Hall of Fame]] by his daughter in 2000. Following Molinet were brothers [[Jess Rodriguez]] and [[Kelly Rodriguez]] of Spain; Jess was a tailback for the [[Buffalo Bisons]] in 1929, while Kelly played for the Yellow Jackets and [[Minneapolis Red Jackets]] in 1930.<ref name=LatinHOF>{{cite web|last1=Longoria|first1=Mario|title=Latin-Americans in Pro Football|url=http://www.profootballhof.com/football-history/latin-americans-in-pro-football/|publisher=Pro Football Hall of Fame|access-date=October 26, 2017}}</ref>

In 1944, the [[Philadelphia Eagles]] drafted [[Steve Van Buren]], a halfback who was born in [[La Ceiba]], [[Honduras]], to an American father and Spanish mother. He played for the Eagles for eight seasons and retired as the NFL's career leader in rushing attempts, rushing yards, and rushing touchdowns. Van Buren became the first Hispanic inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1965.<ref>{{cite news|title=Steve Van Buren, Philadelphia Eagles player, Pro Football Hall of Fame inductee|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/sports/steve-van-buren-philadelphia-eagles-player-pro-football-hall-of-fame-inductee/2012/08/24/31985320-ee1e-11e1-afd6-f55f84bc0c41_story.html|access-date=October 27, 2017|work=The Washington Post|date=August 24, 2012}}</ref>

In 1948, the [[Los Angeles Rams]] drafted [[Tom Fears]]. Fears was born in [[Guadalajara]], Mexico, to an American father and Mexican mother. He led the Rams' receiving game as a [[split end]] from 1948 to 1956, winning an [[NFL championship]] with the team in 1951. He later became the first Latino head coach in the NFL, serving as head coach of the [[New Orleans Saints]] from their inauguration in 1967 through 1970. Fears was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1970.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Litsky|first1=Frank|title=Tom Fears, N.F.L. End and Coach, Dies at 77|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/01/08/sports/tom-fears-nfl-end-and-coach-dies-at-77.html|access-date=October 27, 2017|work=The New York Times|date=January 8, 2000}}</ref><ref name=Branch>{{cite news|last1=Branch|first1=John|title=For Alberto Riveron, From Cuba to N.F.L.'s First Hispanic Referee|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/16/sports/football/16ref.html?pagewanted=all|access-date=October 27, 2017|work=The New York Times|date=November 15, 2008}}</ref>
1994 Arizona Cardinals sign a QB Eduardo "Zeus" González, played college with the Condores team, from National Autonomous University of Mexico UNAM in Mexico City. 1990 and 1991 MVP Player, a QB with more yards per air, as one of the regular season games, with more yards by air vs Ginda y Blanco of IPN, throw more than 500yds per air. Let go in the same year. After 2 years in 1996 he sign a new contract with Cardinals of Palermo in Italy at the Golden League. And the end of the season he presented, the project, to do and be part for the first time with an Italian National team to appear in one of the most importantly game in Mexico called "Tazón Azteca"
this game is celebrated each year at the end of the college season in this country. being also the 1st QB of Mexico to play against the selection of Mexico 1996.

===Europeans===
Several native Europeans played in the NFL's inaugural season in 1920, including fullback [[John Barsha]] of Russia, tackle [[John Kvist]] of Sweden, end Bob Nash of Ireland, and German brothers John and Phil Nesser.<ref name=PFRbirth/> Later, [[Bronko Nagurski]] signed with the [[Chicago Bears]]. Although born in Canada, he was the son of Ukrainian immigrants and well known for his Ukrainian heritage. Born Bronislau Nagurski, he became renown for his extraordinary strength and power as a fullback and linebacker for the Bears in the 1930s.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Rogers|first1=Thomas|title=Bronko Nagurski Is Dead at 81; Star Runner for Chicago Bears|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/01/09/obituaries/bronko-nagurski-is-dead-at-81-star-runner-for-chicago-bears.html|access-date=October 28, 2017|work=The New York Times|date=January 9, 1990}}</ref>

Fullback [[Ace Gutowsky]] of Komolty, [[Russian Empire]], played for the [[Detroit Lions]] from 1932 to 1938 and became the franchise's career leader in rushing yards. Contemporary sources state Gutowsky also set the NFL's career rushing yards record of 3,399 in 1939 as a member of the [[Brooklyn Dodgers (NFL)|Brooklyn Dodgers]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Pro Football Mark Broken by Gutowsky; Dodger Back's All-Time Total of 3,399 Yards Tops League|newspaper=The New York Times|date=October 26, 1939|access-date=October 28, 2017|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1939/10/26/archives/pro-football-mark-broken-by-gutowsky-dodger-backs-alltime-total-of.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Gutowsky Sets Pro Grid Mark|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|date=October 25, 1939}}</ref>

In 1950, the [[San Francisco 49ers]] used their first draft pick as an NFL franchise on [[Leo Nomellini]], a defensive tackle from the [[Minnesota Golden Gophers football|University of Minnesota]] who was born in [[Lucca]], Italy, and moved to Chicago at a young age. Nomellini played with the 49ers until he retired in 1963 after 10 Pro Bowl invitations and nine [[All-Pro]] selections. He was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1969 and the [[Italian American Sports Hall of Fame]] in 1979.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Goldstein|first1=Richard|title=Leo Nomellini, 76, 49er Star And an N.F.L. Hall of Famer|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/10/27/sports/leo-nomellini-76-49er-star-and-an-nfl-hall-of-famer.html|access-date=October 28, 2017|work=The New York Times|date=October 22, 2000}}</ref>

[[Garo Yepremian]], born in [[Larnaca]], [[Cyprus]], was a placekicker for the Detroit Lions, Miami Dolphins, New Orleans Saints, and Tampa Bay Buccaneers during a career from 1966 to 1981. He won two Super Bowls and was a two-time Pro Bowl selection with the Dolphins, and is a member of the [[NFL 1970s All-Decade Team]]. But Yepremian may best be remembered for a blunder during the Dolphins' victory in [[Super Bowl VII]], in which his attempt to pass the ball after a blocked field goal attempt resulted in a fumble returned 49 yards for the Washington Redskins' only touchdown of the game.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Stout |first1=David |title=Garo Yepremian, Whose Kicks Outshined One Pass, Dies at 70 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/17/sports/football/garo-yepremian-70-dies-his-kicks-outshined-a-pass.html |access-date=September 9, 2018 |work=The New York Times |date=May 16, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Knoblauch |first1=Austin |title=Garo Yepremian dies at 70; kicker part of undefeated Dolphins team |url=http://www.latimes.com/sports/sportsnow/la-sp-sn-garo-yepremian-dies-dolphins-kicker-20150516-story.html |access-date=September 9, 2018 |work=Los Angeles Times |date=May 16, 2015}}</ref>

[[Scandinavia]] has produced the two lone exclusive [[placekicker]]s in the Pro Football Hall of Fame. [[Jan Stenerud]] came from [[Fetsund]], Norway, to the U.S. by way of a skiing scholarship to [[Montana State University]]. There he picked up placekicking, and was drafted by the [[Kansas City Chiefs]] in the [[1966 American Football League draft|1966 AFL draft]]. He played 19 seasons in the AFL and NFL with the Chiefs, [[Green Bay Packers]], and [[Minnesota Vikings]] and kicked a then-record 373 field goals.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Gregorian|first1=Vahe|title=Fifty years after arriving in KC, Jan Stenerud’s extraordinary story should eclipse one bad day|url=http://www.kansascity.com/sports/spt-columns-blogs/vahe-gregorian/article150406552.html|access-date=November 10, 2017|work=The Kansas City Star|date=May 13, 2017}}</ref> [[Morten Andersen]], born in [[Copenhagen]], [[Denmark]], played 25 seasons in the NFL for five different teams. Nicknamed the "Great Dane", he is the NFL's career leader in field goals made and attempted, games played, and points scored. He retired as the career franchise leader in points scored for both the [[New Orleans Saints]] and [[Atlanta Falcons]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Duncan|first1=Jeff|title=A great night for the Great Dane: Morten Andersen becomes Saints' third Hall of Famer|url=http://www.nola.com/saints/index.ssf/2017/08/morten_andersen_early_hall_of.html|access-date=November 10, 2017|work=The Times-Picayune|date=August 5, 2017}}</ref>

English-born placekicker [[John Smith (American football)|John Smith]] played for the [[New England Patriots]] from 1974 to 1983. Although he led the league in scoring twice and was invited to the Pro Bowl in 1980, he is best known for kicking a game-winning field goal against the [[Miami Dolphins]] in 1982 in the famous [[Snowplow Game]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Thomas|first1=Mike|title=Whatever Happened to: John Smith|url=http://www.heraldnews.com/x2081096206/Whatever-happened-to-John-Smith|access-date=December 11, 2017|work=The Herald News|date=March 9, 2009}}</ref> Other notable Englishmen include [[Atlanta Falcons]] placekicker [[Mick Luckhurst]], who went on to present [[Channel 4]]'s NFL coverage on UK television from 1987 to 1991, two-time Pro Bowl defensive end [[Osi Umenyiora]] and former Eagles running back [[Jay Ajayi]]. While with the [[Miami Dolphins]] in 2016, the London-born Ajayi became the fourth player in NFL history to rush for 200 or more yards three times in a season.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Kelly|first1=Omar|title=Dolphins' Ajayi becomes fourth RB in NFL history to rush for 200-plus yards three times in a season|url=http://www.sun-sentinel.com/sports/miami-dolphins/fl-dolphins-notes-1225-20161224-story.html|access-date=December 11, 2017|work=Sun-Sentinel|date=December 24, 2016}}</ref> He also became the first London-born [[skill position]] player to play in his hometown, when the Dolphins faced the Saints in the [[NFL International Series]] at [[Wembley Stadium]] in 2017.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Rapoport|first1=Ian|title=Miami Dolphins RB Jay Ajayi makes history in London|url=http://www.nfl.com/news/story/0ap3000000853736/article/miami-dolphins-rb-jay-ajayi-makes-history-in-london|access-date=December 11, 2017|work=NFL.com|date=October 1, 2017}}</ref>

===Pacific Islanders===
In recent decades, [[Polynesians]]—in particular [[Samoans]]—have found great success in the NFL,<ref name=Steinberg>{{cite news|last1=Steinberg|first1=Leigh|title=How Can Tiny Samoa Dominate The NFL?|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/leighsteinberg/2015/05/21/how-can-tiny-samoa-dominate-the-nfl/#2ca966a7bfbb|access-date=November 8, 2017|work=Forbes|date=May 21, 2015}}</ref><ref name=Phillips>{{cite news|last1=Phillips|first1=Craig|title=Polynesian NFL Players: Pipeline to the Pinnacle of Football|url=http://www.pbs.org/independentlens/content/polynesian-nfl-players-pipeline-to-the-pinnacle-of-football/|access-date=November 8, 2017|publisher=PBS|date=January 22, 2016}}</ref> so much so that the island of [[American Samoa]] has been referred to as "Football Island" by outsiders.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Pelley|first1=Scott|title=American Samoa: Football Island|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/american-samoa-football-island-17-09-2010/|access-date=November 9, 2017|publisher=CBS News|date=January 17, 2010}}</ref><ref name=Steinberg/><ref>{{cite news|last1=Sonny|first1=Julian|title=Inside Football Island: How Samoa Is Breeding The World’s Best Football Stars|url=https://www.elitedaily.com/sports/inside-football-island-samoa-breeding-worlds-best-football-stars|access-date=November 9, 2017|work=Elite Daily|date=April 1, 2014}}</ref> According to ''[[Forbes]]'' in 2015, a Samoan male was 56 times more likely to play in the NFL than a non-Samoan male.<ref name=Steinberg/>

Samoans began to make their mark in the NFL in the 1970s with players such as [[Jack Thompson (American football)|Jack "The Throwin' Samoan" Thompson]] and [[Pago Pago]] native [[Mosi Tatupu]]. Thompson was the first Polynesian quarterback in the NFL,<ref name=Phillips/> and Tatupu was invited to the Pro Bowl in 1986 as a [[special teams]] player.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Noland|first1=Claire|title=Mosi Tatupu dies at 54; USC fullback became a special-teams staple for New England|url=http://articles.latimes.com/2010/feb/25/local/la-me-mosi-tatupu25-2010feb25|access-date=November 8, 2017|work=Los Angeles Times|date=February 25, 2010}}</ref> Current NFL player and [[American Samoa]] native [[Mike Iupati]] has been invited to four Pro Bowls as an [[offensive guard]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Mike Iupati Stats|url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/I/IupaMi20.htm|access-date=November 8, 2017|work=Pro-Football-Reference.com|publisher=Sports Reference}}</ref>

[[Vai Sikahema]] was the first [[Tonga]] native in the NFL. He led the league in punt return yards in 1986 and 1987 while playing for the [[History of the St. Louis Cardinals (NFL)|St. Louis Cardinals]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Vai Sikahema Stats|url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/S/SikaVa00.htm|website=Pro-Football-Reference.com|publisher=Sports Reference|access-date=November 8, 2017}}</ref> Sikahema's cousin, [[Deuce Lutui|Taitusi "Deuce" Lutui]], also from Tonga, later played seven seasons in the NFL as an offensive guard. [[Super Bowl XLIII]] featured two Tongan offensive guards in Lutui for the Cardinals and [[Chris Kemoeatu]] for the Steelers.<ref>{{cite news|title=Tongan pair join Big Ben centre stage|url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/archive/news/tongan-pair-join-big-ben-centre-stage/story-e6frg7mo-1111118726604|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140809043409/http://www.theaustralian.com.au/archive/news/tongan-pair-join-big-ben-centre-stage/story-e6frg7mo-1111118726604|url-status=dead|archive-date=August 9, 2014|access-date=November 9, 2017|work=The Australian|date=February 2, 2009}}</ref>

The [[Polynesian Football Hall of Fame]] was established in 2013 to honor the greatest players, coaches, and contributors of Polynesian descent in football history.<ref>{{cite news|title=Polynesian Football Hall of Fame announces 2018 Polynesian Bowl and first player commitments|url=http://www.hawaiinewsnow.com/story/34302655/polynesian-football-hall-of-fame-announces-2018-polynesian-bowl-and-first-player-commitments|access-date=November 10, 2017|work=Hawaii News Now|date=January 19, 2017}}</ref> Native Polynesian NFL players that have been inducted include Thompson, Tatupu, Sikahema, New Zealander [[Riki Ellison]], and Samoans [[Jesse Sapolu]] and [[Maa Tanuvasa]]. Tongan [[Ma'ake Kemoeatu]], cousin of Chris, was announced as an inductee for the 2018 class.<ref>{{cite news|title=Polynesian Football Hall of Fame unveils Class of 2018|url=http://www.nfl.com/news/story/0ap3000000859853/article/polynesian-football-hall-of-fame-unveils-class-of-2018|access-date=November 10, 2017|work=NFL.com|date=October 10, 2017}}</ref>

[[File:Hines Ward pregame 2006-11-26.jpg|thumb|upright=.75|[[Seoul]] native [[Hines Ward]]]]

===Asians===
Placekicker [[John Lee (placekicker)|John Lee]] was the first Asian drafted in the NFL.<ref>{{cite news|last=Freeman|first=Mike|title=Nguyen Has Made His Own Long Journey, and the N.F.L. Is in Sight|date=April 5, 1999|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1999/04/05/sports/football-nguyen-has-made-his-own-long-journey-and-the-nfl-is-in-sight.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170914013359/http://www.nytimes.com/1999/04/05/sports/football-nguyen-has-made-his-own-long-journey-and-the-nfl-is-in-sight.html|archive-date=September 14, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> He was born in [[Seoul]], South Korea. The four-year, $900,000 contract he signed with the Cardinals in 1986 was the richest in NFL history for a kicker.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Ostler|first1=Scott|title=UCLA Placekicker John Lee Agrees to Sign Four-Year Cardinal Contract for $900,000|url=http://articles.latimes.com/1986-07-28/sports/sp-18506_1_nfl-kicker|access-date=November 8, 2017|work=Los Angeles Times|date=July 28, 1986}}</ref> Although highly successful in college for the [[UCLA Bruins football|UCLA Bruins]], he lasted only one season in the NFL.<ref name=Chi>{{cite news|last1=Chi|first1=Samuel|title=Who Says Asians Can't Play American Football?|url=https://thediplomat.com/2013/08/who-says-asians-cant-play-american-football/|access-date=November 8, 2017|work=The Diplomat|date=August 29, 2013}}</ref>

One of the most popular Asian-born players in NFL history is [[Hines Ward]]. Born in Seoul to a Korean mother and African-American serviceman, Ward played 14 seasons for the [[Pittsburgh Steelers]] from 1998 to 2011 and is currently coaching in the NFL. During his career he won two Super Bowls, was invited to four Pro Bowls, and set numerous Steelers franchise receiving records.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Briscoe|first1=Jake|title=Top 10 Asian Football Players – 2017 Update|url=http://gazettereview.com/2017/06/top-10-asian-football-players/|access-date=November 8, 2017|work=The Gazette Review|date=June 27, 2017}}</ref><ref name=Chi/>

===Africans===
In 1984, [[Obed Ariri]] of [[Owerri]], Nigeria, set [[Tampa Bay Buccaneers]] franchise single-season records for field goals (19 of 26) and points (95).<ref>{{cite news|last1=Scheiber|first1=Dave|title=Low profile|url=http://www.sptimes.com/2004/07/27/Sports/Low_profile.shtml|access-date=November 9, 2017|work=St. Petersburg Times|date=July 27, 2004}}</ref> Ariri also encouraged fellow Nigeria native [[Donald Igwebuike]] to tryout as kicker for the [[Clemson Tigers football]] team. The Buccaneers cut Ariri after the 1984 season and signed Igwebuike, who went on to become Tampa Bay's career leader in field goals and scoring.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Greene|first1=Jerry|title=Kickers: The Agony Of The Feet|url=http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/1985-09-19/sports/0330100280_1_kickers-lowery-extra-points|access-date=November 9, 2017|work=Orlando Sentinel|date=September 19, 1985}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Casey|first1=Tim|title=Throwback Thursday: When Nigerian Soccer Player Donald Igwebuike Kicked Clemson to a College Football Championship|url=https://sports.vice.com/en_us/article/78n9zg/throwback-thursday-when-nigerian-soccer-player-donald-igwebuike-kicked-clemson-to-a-college-football-championship|access-date=November 9, 2017|work=Vice|date=January 7, 2016}}</ref> A later representative of Nigeria was fullback [[Christian Okoye]] of [[Enugu]], who became famous as the "Nigerian Nightmare" due to his powerful running style and ability to break tackles.<ref>{{cite news|title=Real Nightmare: Okoye Tells of Enduring Family Tragedy--the Death of First Child|url=http://articles.latimes.com/1991-07-25/sports/sp-323_1_christian-okoye|access-date=November 9, 2017|work=Los Angeles Times|agency=Associated Press|date=July 25, 1991}}</ref>

Players representing Africa as of the 2017 season include [[Kenya]] native [[Daniel Adongo]] for the [[Indianapolis Colts]] as an Outside Linebacker,[[Liberia]] native [[Tamba Hali]], a five-time Pro Bowl outside linebacker for the [[Kansas City Chiefs]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Tamba Hali Stats|url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/H/HaliTa20.htm|website=Pro-Football-Reference.com|publisher=Sports Reference|access-date=November 9, 2017}}</ref> and [[Ghana]] native [[Ezekiel Ansah|Ezekiel "Ziggy" Ansah]], a defensive end the [[Detroit Lions]]. Despite his young career, Ansah has been called one of the most influential and greatest Africans to play in the NFL.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Bonsu|first1=Benny|title=Is Ziggy Ansah the best African player in the NFL of all time?|url=https://trueafrica.co/article/is-ziggy-ansah-the-best-african-player-in-the-nfl-of-all-time/|access-date=November 9, 2017|work=True Africa|date=December 18, 2015}}</ref><ref name=Chu/> Ansah was invited to the Pro Bowl in 2015 after recording 14.5 sacks and forcing four fumbles.<ref>{{cite news|title=Meet the Athlete from Ghana turned NFL Pro|url=http://time.com/collection-post/4512286/ziggy-anash-american-voices/|access-date=November 9, 2017|work=Time|date=October 3, 2016}}</ref>

===Australians===
{{see also|Australians in American football}}
Recent seasons have seen a surge of Australians in the NFL primarily at the punter position.<ref name=Mather>{{cite news|last1=Mather|first1=Victor|title=Australian Football Becomes a Punting Pipeline for the American Game|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/10/23/sports/ncaafootball/australian-football-becomes-a-punting-pipeline-for-the-american-game.html|access-date=November 9, 2017|work=The New York Times|date=October 22, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Wood|first1=Patrick|last2=Kennedy|first2=Paul|title=NFL: How Aussie punters are taking American football by storm|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-03-30/how-australian-punters-are-taking-over-american-football/8393124|access-date=November 9, 2017|publisher=ABC|date=March 29, 2017}}</ref> As punting is a vital aspect of [[Australian rules football]], many players who are not fit for the physical play of that league have been able to find success in American football. The first Australian in the NFL was [[Melbourne]] native [[Colin Ridgeway]], a punter who played a single season with the [[Dallas Cowboys]] in 1965.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Ison|first1=Rebekah|title=Colin Ridgway, the tragic tale of Australia's first NFL player|url=http://www.smh.com.au/sport/colin-ridgway-the-tragic-tale-of-australias-first-nfl-player-20141017-117nu2.html|access-date=November 9, 2017|work=The Sydney Morning Herald|date=October 17, 2014}}</ref> The first to spend significant time in the league was [[Darren Bennett (football player)|Darren Bennett]], who was a punter for the [[San Diego Chargers]] and [[Minnesota Vikings]] from 1995 to 2005. He is credited with having paved the way for the upsurge of recent Australian punters in the NFL, which includes [[Ben Graham (football player)|Ben Graham]], [[Matt McBriar]], [[Brad Wing]], [[Saverio Rocca]], [[Jordan Berry]], and [[Lac Edwards]].<ref name=Mather/>

Defensive tackle [[Colin Scotts]] was the first Australian to be drafted into the NFL, selected by the Cardinals in the third round of the 1987 draft.<ref name=Withers>{{cite news|last1=Withers|first1=Andy|title=Jarryd Hayne leaves massive NFL legacy in Australia – Colin Scotts|url=http://www.espn.com/nfl/story/_/id/15556474/jarryd-hayne-leaves-massive-nfl-legacy-american-football-australia-colin-scotts|access-date=November 10, 2017|work=ESPN.com|date=May 15, 2016}}</ref> In 2015, [[rugby league]] footballer [[Jarryd Hayne]] of Sydney signed with the [[San Francisco 49ers]] as an [[undrafted free agent]]. He played a limited role in eight games for the 49ers as a running back and punt returner before returning to Australia to resume his rugby career.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Dubin|first1=Jared|title=49ers' Jarryd Hayne is retiring from the NFL to return to rugby|url=https://www.cbssports.com/nfl/news/49ers-jarryd-hayne-is-retiring-from-the-nfl-to-return-to-rugby/|access-date=November 10, 2017|publisher=CBS Sports|date=May 15, 2016}}</ref> Despite Hayne's brief NFL career, Scotts credited him with spurring the popularity of American football in Australia.<ref name=Withers/>

===Canadians===
{{see also|List of Canadians in the National Football League}}
Canadians make the most significant single source of foreign-born NFL players, due to the close [[Canada–United States relations|geographical, linguistic, economic, and cultural ties between Canada and the United States]]. Most importantly, Canadians play their own domestic [[gridiron football]] code known as [[Canadian football]] and have their own professional equivalent to the NFL, the [[Canadian Football League]] (CFL). Because the two sports are very similar, American and Canadian players regularly transition between the two leagues. Canadians have played in the NFL since its first season when [[Jim Bryant (American football)|Jim Bryant]], [[Perce Wilson]], and [[Tommy Hughitt]] suited up.

==List of foreign players in the Pro Football Hall of Fame==
[[File:Van Buren 1952 Bowman.jpg|thumb|right|Hall of Fame halfback [[Steve Van Buren]] was born in [[La Ceiba]], [[Honduras]].]]
Nine former players born outside the United States have been inducted into the [[Pro Football Hall of Fame]].

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Player !! Birthplace !! Position !! Team(s) !! Inducted !! class="unsortable"|Source
|-
| {{sortname|Morten|Andersen}} || {{DEN}} || [[Placekicker]] || [[New Orleans Saints]] (1982–1994) [[Atlanta Falcons]] (1995–2000) [[New York Giants]] (2001) [[Kansas City Chiefs]] (2002–2003) [[Minnesota Vikings]] (2004) [[Atlanta Falcons]] (2006–2007) || 2017 ||<ref>{{cite web|title=Morten Andersen Stats|url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/A/andermor01.htm|website=Pro-Football-Reference.com|publisher=Sports Reference|access-date=October 26, 2017}}</ref>
|-
| {{sortname|Tom|Fears}} || {{MEX}} || [[End (gridiron football)|End]] || [[Los Angeles Rams]] (1948–1956) || 1970 ||<ref>{{cite web|title=Tom Fears Stats|url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/F/FearTo00.htm|website=Pro-Football-Reference.com|publisher=Sports Reference|access-date=October 26, 2017}}</ref>
|-
| {{sortname|Ted|Hendricks}} || {{GTM}} || [[Linebacker]] || [[Baltimore Colts]] (1969–1973) [[Green Bay Packers]] (1974) [[Oakland Raiders|Oakland / Los Angeles Raiders]] (1975–1983) || 1990 ||<ref>{{cite web|title=Ted Hendricks Stats|url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/H/HendTe00.htm|website=Pro-Football-Reference.com|publisher=Sports Reference|access-date=October 26, 2017}}</ref>
|-
| {{sortname|Bronko|Nagurski}} || {{CAN}} || [[Fullback (gridiron football)|Fullback]] || [[Chicago Bears]] (1930–1937, 1943) || 1963 ||<ref>{{cite web|title=Bronko Nagurski Stats|url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/N/NaguBr00.htm|website=Pro-Football-Reference.com|publisher=Sports Reference|access-date=October 26, 2017}}</ref>
|-
| {{sortname|Leo|Nomellini}} || {{ITA}} || [[Defensive tackle]] || [[San Francisco 49ers]] (1950–1963) || 1969 ||<ref>{{cite web|title=Leo Nomellini Stats|url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/N/NomeLe00.htm|website=Pro-Football-Reference.com|publisher=Sports Reference|access-date=October 26, 2017}}</ref>
|-
| {{sortname|Ernie|Stautner}} || {{GER}} || [[Defensive tackle]] || [[Pittsburgh Steelers]] (1950–1963) || 1969 ||<ref>{{cite web|title=Ernie Stautner Stats|url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/S/StauEr00.htm|website=Pro-Football-Reference.com|publisher=Sports Reference|access-date=October 26, 2017}}</ref>
|-
| {{sortname|Jan|Stenerud}} || {{NOR}} || [[Placekicker]] || [[Kansas City Chiefs]] (1967–1979) [[Green Bay Packers]] (1980–1983) [[Minnesota Vikings]] (1984–1985) || 1991 ||<ref>{{cite web|title=Jan Stenerud Stats|url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/S/stenejan01.htm|website=Pro-Football-Reference.com|publisher=Sports Reference|access-date=October 26, 2017}}</ref>
|-
| {{sortname|Steve|Van Buren}} || {{HND}} || [[Halfback (American football)|Halfback]] || [[Philadelphia Eagles]] (1944–1951) || 1965 ||<ref>{{cite web|title=Steve Van Buren Stats|url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/V/VanBSt00.htm|website=Pro-Football-Reference.com|publisher=Sports Reference|access-date=October 26, 2017}}</ref>
|-
| {{sortname|Arnie|Weinmeister}} || {{CAN}} || [[Defensive tackle]] || [[New York Giants]] (1950–1953) || 1984 ||<ref>{{cite web|title=Arnie Weinmeister Stats|url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/W/WeinAr00.htm|website=Pro-Football-Reference.com|publisher=Sports Reference|access-date=October 26, 2017}}</ref>
|}

==List of foreign players currently in the NFL==
This list includes players active as of the 2020 NFL season who were:
* born outside the United States, or
* born within the U.S., but holding nationality in another country from birth.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Nationality
!Birthplace
!Player
!Position
!First year
!Team
|-
| {{ALB}}
| {{ALB}}
| {{sortname|Kristjan|Sokoli|}}
|DE
|{{nfly|2015}}
| align="center"| [[Free agent]]
|-
| {{AUS}}
| {{AUS}}
| {{sortname|Jordan|Berry|}}
|P
|{{nfly|2015}}
| align="center"|[[Pittsburgh Steelers]]
|-
| {{AUS}}
| {{AUS}}
| {{sortname|Michael|Dickson|Michael Dickson (American football)|}}
|P
|{{nfly|2018}}
| align="center"|[[Seattle Seahawks]]
|-
| {{AUS}}
| {{AUS}}
| {{sortname|Lac|Edwards|}}
|P
|{{nfly|2016}}
| align="center"|[[Free agent]]
|-
| {{AUS}}
| {{AUS}}
| {{sortname|Adam|Gotsis|}}
|DE
|{{nfly|2016}}
| align="center"|[[Jacksonville Jaguars]]
|-
| {{AUS}}
| {{AUS}}
| {{sortname|Cameron|Johnston|Cameron Johnston (footballer)|}}
|P
|{{nfly|2017}}
| align="center"|[[Philadelphia Eagles]]
|-
| {{AUS}}
| {{AUS}}
| {{sortname|Jordan|Mailata}}
|OT
|{{nfly|2018}}
| align="center"|[[Philadelphia Eagles]]
|-
| {{AUS}}
| {{AUS}}
| {{sortname|Mitch|Wishnowsky|}}
|P
|{{nfly|2019}}
| align="center"|[[San Francisco 49ers]]
|-
|{{BLZ}}
|{{BLZ}}
| {{sortname|Rakeem|Nuñez-Roches}}
|DE
|{{nfly|2015}}
| align="center"|[[Tampa Bay Buccaneers]]
|-
| {{BRA}}
| {{BRA}}
| {{sortname|Cairo|Santos|}}
|K
|{{nfly|2014}}
| align="center"|[[Chicago Bears]]
|-
| {{CMR}}
| {{CMR}}
| {{sortname|Steve|Longa|}}
|LB
|{{nfly|2016}}
| align="center"|[[Free agent]]
|-
| {{CAN}}
| {{CAN}}
| {{sortname|Eli|Ankou|}}
|DT
|{{nfly|2017}}
| align="center"|[[Dallas Cowboys]]
|-
| {{CAN}}
| {{CAN}}
| {{sortname|Antony|Auclair|}}
|TE
|{{nfly|2017}}
| align="center"| [[Tampa Bay Buccaneers]]
|-
| {{CAN}}
| {{CAN}}
| {{sortname|Tevaughn|Campbell|}}
|CB
|{{nfly|2019}}
| align="center"| [[Los Angeles Chargers]]
|-
| {{CAN}}
| {{CAN}}
| {{sortname|Chase|Claypool|}}
|WR
|{{nfly|2020}}
| align="center"|[[Pittsburgh Steelers]]
|-
| {{CAN}}
| {{CAN}}
| {{sortname|Christian|Covington|}}
|DT
|{{nfly|2015}}
| align="center"|[[Cincinnati Bengals]]
|-
| {{CAN}}
| {{CAN}}
| {{sortname|Tyrone|Crawford|}}
|DE
|{{nfly|2012}}
| align="center"|[[Dallas Cowboys]]
|-
| {{CAN}}
| {{CAN}}
| {{sortname|Laurent|Duvernay-Tardif|}}
|OG
|{{nfly|2014}}
| align="center"|[[Kansas City Chiefs]]
|-
| {{CAN}}
| {{CAN}}
| {{sortname|Neville|Gallimore|}}
|DE
|{{nfly|2020}}
| align="center"|[[Dallas Cowboys]]
|-
| {{VIN}}
| {{CAN}}
| {{sortname|N'Keal|Harry|}}
|WR
|{{nfly|2019}}
| align="center"|[[New England Patriots]]
|-
| {{USA}}
| {{CAN}}
| {{sortname|T. J.|Jones|}}
|WR
|{{nfly|2014}}
| align="center"|[[Free agent]]
|-
| {{CAN}}
| {{CAN}}
| {{sortname|Brett|Jones|Brett Jones (gridiron football)}}
|C
|{{nfly|2015}}
| align="center"|[[Minnesota Vikings]]
|-
| {{CAN}}
| {{CAN}}
| {{sortname|L. P.|Ladouceur|}}
|LS
|{{nfly|2005}}
| align="center"|[[Dallas Cowboys]]
|-
| {{CAN}}
| {{CAN}}
| {{sortname|Austin|Pasztor|}}
|OT
|{{nfly|2012}}
| align="center"|[[Free agent]]
|-
| {{CAN}}
| {{CAN}}
| {{sortname|Nathan|Shepherd|Nathan Shepherd (American football)}}
|DE
|{{nfly|2018}}
| align="center"|[[New York Jets]]
|-
| {{CAN}}
| {{CAN}}
| {{sortname|Brent|Urban|}}
|DE
|{{nfly|2014}}
| align="center"|[[Chicago Bears]]
|-
| {{CAN}}
| {{CAN}}
| {{sortname|Luke|Willson|}}
|TE
|{{nfly|2013}}
| align="center"|[[Seattle Seahawks]]
|-
| {{DEN}}
| {{DEN}}
| {{sortname|Hjalte|Froholdt|}}
|OG
|{{nfly|2019}}
| align="center"|[[New England Patriots]]
|-
| {{GBR}}
| {{ENG}}
| {{sortname|Jay|Ajayi|}}
|RB
|{{nfly|2015}}
| align="center"|[[Free agent]]
|-
| {{GBR}}
| {{ENG}}
| {{sortname|Jack|Crawford|Jack Crawford (American football)}}
|DE
|{{nfly|2012}}
| align="center"|[[Tennessee Titans]]
|-
| {{GBR}}
| {{ENG}}
| {{sortname|Jermaine|Eluemunor}}
|OG
|{{nfly|2017}}
| align="center"|[[New England Patriots]]
|-
| {{GBR}}
| {{ENG}}
| {{sortname|Alex|Gray|Alex Gray (rugby union)}}
| TE
| {{nfly|2017}}
| align="center"|[[Free agent]]
|-
| {{NGR}}
| {{ENG}}
| {{sortname|Julian|Okwara|}}
|DE
|{{nfly|2020}}
| align="center"|[[Detroit Lions]]
|-
| {{GBR}}
| {{ENG}}
| {{sortname|Christian|Wade|}}
| RB
| {{nfly|2019}}
| align="center"|[[Buffalo Bills]]
|-
| {{EST}}
| {{URS}}
| {{sortname|Margus|Hunt|}}
|DT
|{{nfly|2013}}
| align="center"|[[New Orleans Saints]]
|-
| {{GER}}
| {{GER}}
| {{sortname|Moritz|Böhringer|}}
|TE
|{{nfly|2016}}
| align="center"|[[Free agent]]
|-
| {{GER}} / {{USA}}
| {{GER}}
| {{sortname|Kasim|Edebali|}}
|DE
|{{nfly|2014}}
| align="center"|[[Free agent]]
|-
| {{GER}}
| {{GER}}
| {{sortname|Jakob|Johnson|}}
|FB
|{{nfly|2019}}
| align="center"|[[New England Patriots]]
|-
| {{GER}}
| {{GER}}
| {{sortname|Mark|Nzeocha|}}
|LB
|{{nfly|2015}}
| align="center"|[[San Francisco 49ers]]
|-
| {{USA}}
| {{GER}}
| {{sortname|Vyncint|Smith|}}
|WR
|{{nfly|2018}}
| align="center"|[[New York Jets]]
|-
| {{GHA}}
| {{GHA}}
| {{sortname|Ezekiel|Ansah|}}
|DE
|{{nfly|2013}}
| align="center"|[[San Francisco 49ers]]
|-
| {{HAI}}
| {{HAI}}
| {{sortname|Pierre|Desir|}}
|CB
|{{nfly|2014}}
| align="center"|[[New York Jets]]
|-
| {{ITA}}
| {{ITA}}
| {{sortname|Giorgio|Tavecchio}}
|K
|{{nfly|2012}}
| align="center"|[[Free agent]]
|-
| {{JAM}}
| {{JAM}}
| {{sortname|Corey|Ballentine|}}
|CB
|{{nfly|2019}}
| align="center"|[[New York Giants]]
|-
| {{JAM}}
| {{JAM}}
| {{sortname|Patrick|Chung|}}
|S
|{{nfly|2009}}
| align="center"|[[New England Patriots]]
|-
| {{JAM}} / {{USA}}
| {{JAM}}
| {{sortname|Danielle|Hunter|}}
|DE
|{{nfly|2015}}
| align="center"|[[Minnesota Vikings]]
|-
| {{JAM}} / {{USA}}
| {{JAM}}
| {{sortname|Matt|Peart|}}
|OT
|{{nfly|2020}}
| align="center"|[[New York Giants]]
|-
| {{USA}}
| {{JPN}}
| {{sortname|Robert|Griffin III|}}
|QB
|{{nfly|2012}}
| align="center"|[[Baltimore Ravens]]
|-
| {{USA}}
| {{JPN}}
| {{sortname|DaeSean|Hamilton|}}
|WR
|{{nfly|2018}}
| align="center"|[[Denver Broncos]]
|-
| {{KEN}} / {{USA}}
| {{KEN}}
| {{sortname|Rees|Odhiambo|}}
|OG
|{{nfly|2016}}
| align="center"|[[Free agent]]
|-
| {{LBR}}
| {{LBR}}
| {{sortname|Jehu|Chesson}}
|WR
|{{nfly|2017}}
| align="center"|[[Free agent]]
|-
| {{LBR}}
| {{LBR}}
| {{sortname|Kelvin|Harmon}}
|WR
|{{nfly|2019}}
| align="center"|[[Washington Football Team]]
|-
| {{MEX}}
| {{MEX}}
| {{sortname|Isaac|Alarcón|}}
|OT
|{{nfly|2020}}
| align="center"|[[Dallas Cowboys]]
|-
| {{NGR}} / {{USA}}
| {{NGR}}
| {{sortname|Nelson|Agholor|}}
|WR
|{{nfly|2015}}
| align="center"|[[Las Vegas Raiders]]
|-
|{{NGR}}
|{{NGR}}
| {{sortname|Ade|Aruna|}}
|DE
|{{nfly|2018}}
| align="center"|[[Free agent]]
|-
|{{NGR}}
|{{NGR}}
| {{sortname|Jeremiah|Attaochu}}
|OLB
|{{nfly|2014}}
| align="center"|[[Denver Broncos]]
|-
|{{NGR}}
|{{NGR}}
| {{sortname|Ben|Banogu}}
|DE
|{{nfly|2019}}
| align="center"|[[Indianapolis Colts]]
|-
| {{USA}}
| {{NGR}}
| {{sortname|Leon|Jacobs}}
|LB
|{{nfly|2018}}
| align="center"|[[Jacksonville Jaguars]]
|-
| {{GBR}}
| {{NGR}}
| {{sortname|Efe|Obada|}}
|DE
|{{nfly|2015}}
| align="center"|[[Carolina Panthers]]
|-
| {{NGR}}
| {{NGR}}
| {{sortname|Emmanuel|Ogbah|}}
|OLB
|{{nfly|2016}}
| align="center"|[[Miami Dolphins]]
|-
| {{NGR}}
| {{NGR}}
| {{sortname|Chukwuma|Okorafor|}}
|OT
|{{nfly|2018}}
| align="center"|[[Pittsburgh Steelers]]
|-
| {{NGR}}
| {{NGR}}
| {{sortname|Romeo|Okwara|}}
|DE
|{{nfly|2016}}
| align="center"|[[Detroit Lions]]
|-
| {{NGR}}/{{CAN}}
| {{NGR}}
| {{sortname|David|Onyemata|}}
|DT
|{{nfly|2016}}
| align="center"|[[New Orleans Saints]]
|-
|{{NOR}}
|{{NOR}}
|[[Kaare Vedvik]]
|K/P
|{{Nfly|2018}}
|[[Free agent]]
|-
| {{USA}}
| {{NGR}}
| {{sortname|Prince Tega|Wanogho}}
|OT
|{{nfly|2020}}
| align="center"|[[Philadelphia Eagles]]
|-
| {{GBR}}/ {{USA}}
| {{SCO}}
| {{sortname|Graham|Gano|}}
|K
|{{nfly|2009}}
| align="center"|[[New York Giants]]
|-
| {{GBR}}
| {{SCO}}
| {{sortname|Jamie|Gillan|}}
|P
|{{nfly|2019}}
| align="center"|[[Cleveland Browns]]
|-
| {{Flagicon|Sierra Leone}} [[Sierra Leone]]
| {{Flagicon|Sierra Leone}} [[Sierra Leone]]
| {{sortname|Amara|Darboh|}}
|WR
|{{nfly|2017}}
| align="center"|[[Pittsburgh Steelers]]
|-
| {{RSA}}
| {{RSA}}
| {{sortname|Greg|Joseph|}}
|K
|{{nfly|2018}}
| align="center"|[[Philadelphia Eagles]]
|-
|{{Flagicon|KOR}} [[South Korea]]
|{{Flagicon|KOR}} [[South Korea]]
|[[Younghoe Koo]]
|K
|[[2017 NFL season|2017]]
| align="center"|[[Atlanta Falcons]]
|-
| {{ESP}}/ {{USA}}
| {{ESP}}
| {{sortname|JJ|Arcega-Whiteside|}}
|WR
|{{nfly|2019}}
| align="center"|[[Philadelphia Eagles]]
|-
|{{TON}}
|{{TON}}
|{{sortname|Star|Lotulelei|}}
|DT
|{{nfly|2013}}
| align="center"|[[Buffalo Bills]]
|-
|{{TON}}
|{{TON}}
|{{sortname|Netane|Muti|}}
|OG
|{{nfly|2020}}
| align="center"|[[Denver Broncos]]
|-
| {{USA}}
| {{TTO}}
|{{sortname|Javon|Kinlaw|}}
|DT
|{{nfly|2020}}
| align="center"|[[San Francisco 49ers]]
|-
| {{TUR}} / {{USA}}
| {{TUR}}
|{{sortname|Chris|Conley|Chris Conley (American football)}}
|WR
|{{nfly|2015}}
| align="center"|[[Jacksonville Jaguars]]
|-
| {{CAN}} / {{USA}}
| {{USA}}
| {{sortname|Brett|Rypien}}
|QB
|{{nfly|2019}}
| align="center"|[[Denver Broncos]]
|-
| {{GER}} / {{USA}}
| {{USA}}
| {{sortname|Equanimeous|St. Brown}}
|WR
|{{nfly|2018}}
| align="center"|[[Green Bay Packers]]
|-
| {{ESP}} / {{USA}}
| {{USA}}
| {{sortname|Alejandro|Villanueva|Alejandro_Villanueva_(American_football)}}
|OT
|{{nfly|2014}}
| align="center"|[[Pittsburgh Steelers]]
|}

{{inc-sport}}

==See also==
* [[Black players in professional American football]]
* [[International Player Pathway]]
* [[List of foreign NBA players]]
* [[List of foreign WNBA players]]

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

{{NFL}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Foreign NFL players}}
[[Category:National Football League players]]
[[Category:Lists of National Football League players]]
[[Category:Employment of foreign-born]]
Daniel Carlson kicker from Auburn University was drafted by Minnesota Vikings in 5 round 2018 and now playing for Las Vegas Raiders. Born in Dallas, TX but has Swedish passport also and lived and went to school Örebro, Sweden 2008-2009. From Hans Carlson( Father)

List of NFL players born outside the United States

2021-02-19T12:27:37Z

Willy3198: /* List of foreign players currently in the NFL */

Compared to other [[Major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada|major professional sports leagues in the United States]], the [[National Football League]] (NFL) has the lowest percentage of foreign-born players.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Gaines|first1=Cork|title=Sports Chart of the Day: The International Origins Of NFL Players|url=http://www.businessinsider.com/chart-international-origins-of-nfl-players-2011-11|access-date=February 14, 2017|work=Business Insider|date=November 17, 2011}}</ref> In 2017, roughly 1 out of 33 active players (3.03%) were born outside the US.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Borchers|first1=Callum|title=The NFL has the most protests. It is also the most American sports league.|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2017/10/13/the-nfl-has-the-most-protests-it-is-also-the-most-american-sports-league/|access-date=October 26, 2017|work=The Washington Post|date=October 13, 2017}}</ref> In recent [[NFL Draft]]s, teams have made efforts to search internationally for prospects.<ref name=Chester>{{cite news|last1=Chester|first1=Simon A.|title=NFL teams looking overseas when searching for draft picks|url=http://draftwire.usatoday.com/2016/02/20/nfl-teams-extending-their-search-overseas-when-looking-for-rookie-prospects-and-new-york-giants-are-first-to-take-advantage/|access-date=February 14, 2017|work=USA Today|date=February 20, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Clements|first1=Ron|title=NFL's international brand grows with foreign-born NFL Draft prospects|url=http://www.sportingnews.com/nfl/list/nfl-draft-2016-foreign-born-prospects-international-brand/1eg6fqrc35jms1sfvomhocdcf8|access-date=February 14, 2017|work=Sporting News|date=April 27, 2016}}</ref> A record 12 international players were drafted in the [[2015 NFL Draft]]. As of the beginning of the [[2020 NFL season]], Canada is the most represented foreign country in the NFL, with 12 players, followed by Nigeria with 8 players and Australia with 6.<ref name=PFRbirth/>

Internationals have played in the NFL since the league's founding season in [[1920 APFA season|1920]]. There have been nine foreign-born players inducted into the [[Pro Football Hall of Fame]]. Many international players have found success on [[special teams]]; two of the three highest scorers in NFL history were foreign born: kickers [[Morten Andersen]] of Denmark and [[Gary Anderson (placekicker)|Gary Anderson]] of South Africa.<ref name=Chu>{{cite news|last1=Chu|first1=Hau|title=Best players to cross an ocean to play in the NFL|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/sports/football/best-foreign-born-nfl-players-article-1.2361792|access-date=February 14, 2017|work=New York Daily News|date=September 15, 2015}}</ref> Canada is the all-time most represented foreign country, with 107 players, followed by Germany with 80 players and Jamaica with 40.<ref name=PFRbirth/>

==History==

===Beginnings===
At least nine foreign-born players played in the inaugural season of the NFL, the [[1920 APFA season|1920 season]].<ref name=PFRbirth>{{cite web|title=Player Birthplaces|url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/friv/birthplaces.htm|website=Pro-Football-Reference.com|publisher=Sports Reference|access-date=October 27, 2017}}</ref> These included:
* German brothers [[John Nesser]] and [[Phil Nesser]] for the [[Columbus Panhandles]]. They were part of the [[Nesser Brothers]], one of American football's most famous families of the early 20th century.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Hunter|first1=Bob|title=Forgotten Family: The Nesser Brothers of Columbus, Ohio|url=http://www.daytontriangles.com/nessers.htm|access-date=October 27, 2017|work=The Columbus Dispatch|date=January 27, 2002}}</ref>
* Canadian [[Tommy Hughitt]], player-coach for the [[Buffalo (NFL)|Buffalo All-Americans]]. A star quarterback for the [[Michigan Wolverines football]] team before joining the NFL, he was named to the [[1922 All-Pro Team]] by [[George Halas]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Tommy Hughitt Stats|url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/H/HughTo20.htm|website=Pro-Football-Reference.com|publisher=Sports Reference|access-date=October 27, 2017}}</ref> As Buffalo's head coach, he led the team to 34 wins, 15 losses, and 7 ties from 1920 to 1924.<ref>{{cite web|title=Tommy Hughitt Record, Statistics, and Category Ranks|url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/coaches/HughTo0.htm|website=Pro-Football-Reference.com|publisher=Sports Reference|access-date=October 27, 2017}}</ref>
* Irishman [[Bob Nash (American football)|Bob Nash]] for the [[Akron Pros]]. He contributed to several firsts in NFL history, including being the first player to score a touchdown on a fumble recovery and later was the first captain of the [[New York Giants]].<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Braunwart|first1=Bob|last2=Carroll|first2=Bob|title=The First NFL Game(s)|journal=The Coffin Corner|date=1981|volume=3|issue=2|url=http://www.profootballresearchers.org/Coffin_Corner/03-02-059.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120807123600/http://www.profootballresearchers.org/Coffin_Corner/03-02-059.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=2012-08-07|access-date=October 27, 2017}}</ref> He was also part of the first player-trade between league teams when he was sold to the Buffalo All-Americans prior to a game in 1920 for $300 ({{Inflation|US|300|1920|fmt=eq}}) and five percent of the gate receipts.<ref>{{cite web|title=Chronology of Football (1869–1939)|url=http://www.profootballhof.com/football-history/history-of-football/1869-1939/1920-american-professional-football-conference-is-formed/|publisher=Pro Football Hall of Fame|access-date=October 27, 2017}}</ref>

===Hispanics and Latin Americans===
{{see also|List of Hispanic professional American football players}}
The first Hispanic to play in the NFL was [[Lou Molinet|Ignacio Saturnino "Lou" Molinet]], a Cuban who signed and played with the [[Frankford Yellow Jackets]] in 1927. His contract was donated to the [[Pro Football Hall of Fame]] by his daughter in 2000. Following Molinet were brothers [[Jess Rodriguez]] and [[Kelly Rodriguez]] of Spain; Jess was a tailback for the [[Buffalo Bisons]] in 1929, while Kelly played for the Yellow Jackets and [[Minneapolis Red Jackets]] in 1930.<ref name=LatinHOF>{{cite web|last1=Longoria|first1=Mario|title=Latin-Americans in Pro Football|url=http://www.profootballhof.com/football-history/latin-americans-in-pro-football/|publisher=Pro Football Hall of Fame|access-date=October 26, 2017}}</ref>

In 1944, the [[Philadelphia Eagles]] drafted [[Steve Van Buren]], a halfback who was born in [[La Ceiba]], [[Honduras]], to an American father and Spanish mother. He played for the Eagles for eight seasons and retired as the NFL's career leader in rushing attempts, rushing yards, and rushing touchdowns. Van Buren became the first Hispanic inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1965.<ref>{{cite news|title=Steve Van Buren, Philadelphia Eagles player, Pro Football Hall of Fame inductee|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/sports/steve-van-buren-philadelphia-eagles-player-pro-football-hall-of-fame-inductee/2012/08/24/31985320-ee1e-11e1-afd6-f55f84bc0c41_story.html|access-date=October 27, 2017|work=The Washington Post|date=August 24, 2012}}</ref>

In 1948, the [[Los Angeles Rams]] drafted [[Tom Fears]]. Fears was born in [[Guadalajara]], Mexico, to an American father and Mexican mother. He led the Rams' receiving game as a [[split end]] from 1948 to 1956, winning an [[NFL championship]] with the team in 1951. He later became the first Latino head coach in the NFL, serving as head coach of the [[New Orleans Saints]] from their inauguration in 1967 through 1970. Fears was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1970.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Litsky|first1=Frank|title=Tom Fears, N.F.L. End and Coach, Dies at 77|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/01/08/sports/tom-fears-nfl-end-and-coach-dies-at-77.html|access-date=October 27, 2017|work=The New York Times|date=January 8, 2000}}</ref><ref name=Branch>{{cite news|last1=Branch|first1=John|title=For Alberto Riveron, From Cuba to N.F.L.'s First Hispanic Referee|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/16/sports/football/16ref.html?pagewanted=all|access-date=October 27, 2017|work=The New York Times|date=November 15, 2008}}</ref>
1994 Arizona Cardinals sign a QB Eduardo "Zeus" González, played college with the Condores team, from National Autonomous University of Mexico UNAM in Mexico City. 1990 and 1991 MVP Player, a QB with more yards per air, as one of the regular season games, with more yards by air vs Ginda y Blanco of IPN, throw more than 500yds per air. Let go in the same year. After 2 years in 1996 he sign a new contract with Cardinals of Palermo in Italy at the Golden League. And the end of the season he presented, the project, to do and be part for the first time with an Italian National team to appear in one of the most importantly game in Mexico called "Tazón Azteca"
this game is celebrated each year at the end of the college season in this country. being also the 1st QB of Mexico to play against the selection of Mexico 1996.

===Europeans===
Several native Europeans played in the NFL's inaugural season in 1920, including fullback [[John Barsha]] of Russia, tackle [[John Kvist]] of Sweden, end Bob Nash of Ireland, and German brothers John and Phil Nesser.<ref name=PFRbirth/> Later, [[Bronko Nagurski]] signed with the [[Chicago Bears]]. Although born in Canada, he was the son of Ukrainian immigrants and well known for his Ukrainian heritage. Born Bronislau Nagurski, he became renown for his extraordinary strength and power as a fullback and linebacker for the Bears in the 1930s.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Rogers|first1=Thomas|title=Bronko Nagurski Is Dead at 81; Star Runner for Chicago Bears|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/01/09/obituaries/bronko-nagurski-is-dead-at-81-star-runner-for-chicago-bears.html|access-date=October 28, 2017|work=The New York Times|date=January 9, 1990}}</ref>

Fullback [[Ace Gutowsky]] of Komolty, [[Russian Empire]], played for the [[Detroit Lions]] from 1932 to 1938 and became the franchise's career leader in rushing yards. Contemporary sources state Gutowsky also set the NFL's career rushing yards record of 3,399 in 1939 as a member of the [[Brooklyn Dodgers (NFL)|Brooklyn Dodgers]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Pro Football Mark Broken by Gutowsky; Dodger Back's All-Time Total of 3,399 Yards Tops League|newspaper=The New York Times|date=October 26, 1939|access-date=October 28, 2017|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1939/10/26/archives/pro-football-mark-broken-by-gutowsky-dodger-backs-alltime-total-of.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Gutowsky Sets Pro Grid Mark|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|date=October 25, 1939}}</ref>

In 1950, the [[San Francisco 49ers]] used their first draft pick as an NFL franchise on [[Leo Nomellini]], a defensive tackle from the [[Minnesota Golden Gophers football|University of Minnesota]] who was born in [[Lucca]], Italy, and moved to Chicago at a young age. Nomellini played with the 49ers until he retired in 1963 after 10 Pro Bowl invitations and nine [[All-Pro]] selections. He was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1969 and the [[Italian American Sports Hall of Fame]] in 1979.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Goldstein|first1=Richard|title=Leo Nomellini, 76, 49er Star And an N.F.L. Hall of Famer|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/10/27/sports/leo-nomellini-76-49er-star-and-an-nfl-hall-of-famer.html|access-date=October 28, 2017|work=The New York Times|date=October 22, 2000}}</ref>

[[Garo Yepremian]], born in [[Larnaca]], [[Cyprus]], was a placekicker for the Detroit Lions, Miami Dolphins, New Orleans Saints, and Tampa Bay Buccaneers during a career from 1966 to 1981. He won two Super Bowls and was a two-time Pro Bowl selection with the Dolphins, and is a member of the [[NFL 1970s All-Decade Team]]. But Yepremian may best be remembered for a blunder during the Dolphins' victory in [[Super Bowl VII]], in which his attempt to pass the ball after a blocked field goal attempt resulted in a fumble returned 49 yards for the Washington Redskins' only touchdown of the game.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Stout |first1=David |title=Garo Yepremian, Whose Kicks Outshined One Pass, Dies at 70 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/17/sports/football/garo-yepremian-70-dies-his-kicks-outshined-a-pass.html |access-date=September 9, 2018 |work=The New York Times |date=May 16, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Knoblauch |first1=Austin |title=Garo Yepremian dies at 70; kicker part of undefeated Dolphins team |url=http://www.latimes.com/sports/sportsnow/la-sp-sn-garo-yepremian-dies-dolphins-kicker-20150516-story.html |access-date=September 9, 2018 |work=Los Angeles Times |date=May 16, 2015}}</ref>

[[Scandinavia]] has produced the two lone exclusive [[placekicker]]s in the Pro Football Hall of Fame. [[Jan Stenerud]] came from [[Fetsund]], Norway, to the U.S. by way of a skiing scholarship to [[Montana State University]]. There he picked up placekicking, and was drafted by the [[Kansas City Chiefs]] in the [[1966 American Football League draft|1966 AFL draft]]. He played 19 seasons in the AFL and NFL with the Chiefs, [[Green Bay Packers]], and [[Minnesota Vikings]] and kicked a then-record 373 field goals.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Gregorian|first1=Vahe|title=Fifty years after arriving in KC, Jan Stenerud’s extraordinary story should eclipse one bad day|url=http://www.kansascity.com/sports/spt-columns-blogs/vahe-gregorian/article150406552.html|access-date=November 10, 2017|work=The Kansas City Star|date=May 13, 2017}}</ref> [[Morten Andersen]], born in [[Copenhagen]], [[Denmark]], played 25 seasons in the NFL for five different teams. Nicknamed the "Great Dane", he is the NFL's career leader in field goals made and attempted, games played, and points scored. He retired as the career franchise leader in points scored for both the [[New Orleans Saints]] and [[Atlanta Falcons]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Duncan|first1=Jeff|title=A great night for the Great Dane: Morten Andersen becomes Saints' third Hall of Famer|url=http://www.nola.com/saints/index.ssf/2017/08/morten_andersen_early_hall_of.html|access-date=November 10, 2017|work=The Times-Picayune|date=August 5, 2017}}</ref>

English-born placekicker [[John Smith (American football)|John Smith]] played for the [[New England Patriots]] from 1974 to 1983. Although he led the league in scoring twice and was invited to the Pro Bowl in 1980, he is best known for kicking a game-winning field goal against the [[Miami Dolphins]] in 1982 in the famous [[Snowplow Game]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Thomas|first1=Mike|title=Whatever Happened to: John Smith|url=http://www.heraldnews.com/x2081096206/Whatever-happened-to-John-Smith|access-date=December 11, 2017|work=The Herald News|date=March 9, 2009}}</ref> Other notable Englishmen include [[Atlanta Falcons]] placekicker [[Mick Luckhurst]], who went on to present [[Channel 4]]'s NFL coverage on UK television from 1987 to 1991, two-time Pro Bowl defensive end [[Osi Umenyiora]] and former Eagles running back [[Jay Ajayi]]. While with the [[Miami Dolphins]] in 2016, the London-born Ajayi became the fourth player in NFL history to rush for 200 or more yards three times in a season.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Kelly|first1=Omar|title=Dolphins' Ajayi becomes fourth RB in NFL history to rush for 200-plus yards three times in a season|url=http://www.sun-sentinel.com/sports/miami-dolphins/fl-dolphins-notes-1225-20161224-story.html|access-date=December 11, 2017|work=Sun-Sentinel|date=December 24, 2016}}</ref> He also became the first London-born [[skill position]] player to play in his hometown, when the Dolphins faced the Saints in the [[NFL International Series]] at [[Wembley Stadium]] in 2017.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Rapoport|first1=Ian|title=Miami Dolphins RB Jay Ajayi makes history in London|url=http://www.nfl.com/news/story/0ap3000000853736/article/miami-dolphins-rb-jay-ajayi-makes-history-in-london|access-date=December 11, 2017|work=NFL.com|date=October 1, 2017}}</ref>

===Pacific Islanders===
In recent decades, [[Polynesians]]—in particular [[Samoans]]—have found great success in the NFL,<ref name=Steinberg>{{cite news|last1=Steinberg|first1=Leigh|title=How Can Tiny Samoa Dominate The NFL?|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/leighsteinberg/2015/05/21/how-can-tiny-samoa-dominate-the-nfl/#2ca966a7bfbb|access-date=November 8, 2017|work=Forbes|date=May 21, 2015}}</ref><ref name=Phillips>{{cite news|last1=Phillips|first1=Craig|title=Polynesian NFL Players: Pipeline to the Pinnacle of Football|url=http://www.pbs.org/independentlens/content/polynesian-nfl-players-pipeline-to-the-pinnacle-of-football/|access-date=November 8, 2017|publisher=PBS|date=January 22, 2016}}</ref> so much so that the island of [[American Samoa]] has been referred to as "Football Island" by outsiders.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Pelley|first1=Scott|title=American Samoa: Football Island|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/american-samoa-football-island-17-09-2010/|access-date=November 9, 2017|publisher=CBS News|date=January 17, 2010}}</ref><ref name=Steinberg/><ref>{{cite news|last1=Sonny|first1=Julian|title=Inside Football Island: How Samoa Is Breeding The World’s Best Football Stars|url=https://www.elitedaily.com/sports/inside-football-island-samoa-breeding-worlds-best-football-stars|access-date=November 9, 2017|work=Elite Daily|date=April 1, 2014}}</ref> According to ''[[Forbes]]'' in 2015, a Samoan male was 56 times more likely to play in the NFL than a non-Samoan male.<ref name=Steinberg/>

Samoans began to make their mark in the NFL in the 1970s with players such as [[Jack Thompson (American football)|Jack "The Throwin' Samoan" Thompson]] and [[Pago Pago]] native [[Mosi Tatupu]]. Thompson was the first Polynesian quarterback in the NFL,<ref name=Phillips/> and Tatupu was invited to the Pro Bowl in 1986 as a [[special teams]] player.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Noland|first1=Claire|title=Mosi Tatupu dies at 54; USC fullback became a special-teams staple for New England|url=http://articles.latimes.com/2010/feb/25/local/la-me-mosi-tatupu25-2010feb25|access-date=November 8, 2017|work=Los Angeles Times|date=February 25, 2010}}</ref> Current NFL player and [[American Samoa]] native [[Mike Iupati]] has been invited to four Pro Bowls as an [[offensive guard]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Mike Iupati Stats|url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/I/IupaMi20.htm|access-date=November 8, 2017|work=Pro-Football-Reference.com|publisher=Sports Reference}}</ref>

[[Vai Sikahema]] was the first [[Tonga]] native in the NFL. He led the league in punt return yards in 1986 and 1987 while playing for the [[History of the St. Louis Cardinals (NFL)|St. Louis Cardinals]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Vai Sikahema Stats|url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/S/SikaVa00.htm|website=Pro-Football-Reference.com|publisher=Sports Reference|access-date=November 8, 2017}}</ref> Sikahema's cousin, [[Deuce Lutui|Taitusi "Deuce" Lutui]], also from Tonga, later played seven seasons in the NFL as an offensive guard. [[Super Bowl XLIII]] featured two Tongan offensive guards in Lutui for the Cardinals and [[Chris Kemoeatu]] for the Steelers.<ref>{{cite news|title=Tongan pair join Big Ben centre stage|url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/archive/news/tongan-pair-join-big-ben-centre-stage/story-e6frg7mo-1111118726604|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140809043409/http://www.theaustralian.com.au/archive/news/tongan-pair-join-big-ben-centre-stage/story-e6frg7mo-1111118726604|url-status=dead|archive-date=August 9, 2014|access-date=November 9, 2017|work=The Australian|date=February 2, 2009}}</ref>

The [[Polynesian Football Hall of Fame]] was established in 2013 to honor the greatest players, coaches, and contributors of Polynesian descent in football history.<ref>{{cite news|title=Polynesian Football Hall of Fame announces 2018 Polynesian Bowl and first player commitments|url=http://www.hawaiinewsnow.com/story/34302655/polynesian-football-hall-of-fame-announces-2018-polynesian-bowl-and-first-player-commitments|access-date=November 10, 2017|work=Hawaii News Now|date=January 19, 2017}}</ref> Native Polynesian NFL players that have been inducted include Thompson, Tatupu, Sikahema, New Zealander [[Riki Ellison]], and Samoans [[Jesse Sapolu]] and [[Maa Tanuvasa]]. Tongan [[Ma'ake Kemoeatu]], cousin of Chris, was announced as an inductee for the 2018 class.<ref>{{cite news|title=Polynesian Football Hall of Fame unveils Class of 2018|url=http://www.nfl.com/news/story/0ap3000000859853/article/polynesian-football-hall-of-fame-unveils-class-of-2018|access-date=November 10, 2017|work=NFL.com|date=October 10, 2017}}</ref>

[[File:Hines Ward pregame 2006-11-26.jpg|thumb|upright=.75|[[Seoul]] native [[Hines Ward]]]]

===Asians===
Placekicker [[John Lee (placekicker)|John Lee]] was the first Asian drafted in the NFL.<ref>{{cite news|last=Freeman|first=Mike|title=Nguyen Has Made His Own Long Journey, and the N.F.L. Is in Sight|date=April 5, 1999|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1999/04/05/sports/football-nguyen-has-made-his-own-long-journey-and-the-nfl-is-in-sight.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170914013359/http://www.nytimes.com/1999/04/05/sports/football-nguyen-has-made-his-own-long-journey-and-the-nfl-is-in-sight.html|archive-date=September 14, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> He was born in [[Seoul]], South Korea. The four-year, $900,000 contract he signed with the Cardinals in 1986 was the richest in NFL history for a kicker.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Ostler|first1=Scott|title=UCLA Placekicker John Lee Agrees to Sign Four-Year Cardinal Contract for $900,000|url=http://articles.latimes.com/1986-07-28/sports/sp-18506_1_nfl-kicker|access-date=November 8, 2017|work=Los Angeles Times|date=July 28, 1986}}</ref> Although highly successful in college for the [[UCLA Bruins football|UCLA Bruins]], he lasted only one season in the NFL.<ref name=Chi>{{cite news|last1=Chi|first1=Samuel|title=Who Says Asians Can't Play American Football?|url=https://thediplomat.com/2013/08/who-says-asians-cant-play-american-football/|access-date=November 8, 2017|work=The Diplomat|date=August 29, 2013}}</ref>

One of the most popular Asian-born players in NFL history is [[Hines Ward]]. Born in Seoul to a Korean mother and African-American serviceman, Ward played 14 seasons for the [[Pittsburgh Steelers]] from 1998 to 2011 and is currently coaching in the NFL. During his career he won two Super Bowls, was invited to four Pro Bowls, and set numerous Steelers franchise receiving records.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Briscoe|first1=Jake|title=Top 10 Asian Football Players – 2017 Update|url=http://gazettereview.com/2017/06/top-10-asian-football-players/|access-date=November 8, 2017|work=The Gazette Review|date=June 27, 2017}}</ref><ref name=Chi/>

===Africans===
In 1984, [[Obed Ariri]] of [[Owerri]], Nigeria, set [[Tampa Bay Buccaneers]] franchise single-season records for field goals (19 of 26) and points (95).<ref>{{cite news|last1=Scheiber|first1=Dave|title=Low profile|url=http://www.sptimes.com/2004/07/27/Sports/Low_profile.shtml|access-date=November 9, 2017|work=St. Petersburg Times|date=July 27, 2004}}</ref> Ariri also encouraged fellow Nigeria native [[Donald Igwebuike]] to tryout as kicker for the [[Clemson Tigers football]] team. The Buccaneers cut Ariri after the 1984 season and signed Igwebuike, who went on to become Tampa Bay's career leader in field goals and scoring.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Greene|first1=Jerry|title=Kickers: The Agony Of The Feet|url=http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/1985-09-19/sports/0330100280_1_kickers-lowery-extra-points|access-date=November 9, 2017|work=Orlando Sentinel|date=September 19, 1985}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Casey|first1=Tim|title=Throwback Thursday: When Nigerian Soccer Player Donald Igwebuike Kicked Clemson to a College Football Championship|url=https://sports.vice.com/en_us/article/78n9zg/throwback-thursday-when-nigerian-soccer-player-donald-igwebuike-kicked-clemson-to-a-college-football-championship|access-date=November 9, 2017|work=Vice|date=January 7, 2016}}</ref> A later representative of Nigeria was fullback [[Christian Okoye]] of [[Enugu]], who became famous as the "Nigerian Nightmare" due to his powerful running style and ability to break tackles.<ref>{{cite news|title=Real Nightmare: Okoye Tells of Enduring Family Tragedy--the Death of First Child|url=http://articles.latimes.com/1991-07-25/sports/sp-323_1_christian-okoye|access-date=November 9, 2017|work=Los Angeles Times|agency=Associated Press|date=July 25, 1991}}</ref>

Players representing Africa as of the 2017 season include [[Kenya]] native [[Daniel Adongo]] for the [[Indianapolis Colts]] as an Outside Linebacker,[[Liberia]] native [[Tamba Hali]], a five-time Pro Bowl outside linebacker for the [[Kansas City Chiefs]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Tamba Hali Stats|url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/H/HaliTa20.htm|website=Pro-Football-Reference.com|publisher=Sports Reference|access-date=November 9, 2017}}</ref> and [[Ghana]] native [[Ezekiel Ansah|Ezekiel "Ziggy" Ansah]], a defensive end the [[Detroit Lions]]. Despite his young career, Ansah has been called one of the most influential and greatest Africans to play in the NFL.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Bonsu|first1=Benny|title=Is Ziggy Ansah the best African player in the NFL of all time?|url=https://trueafrica.co/article/is-ziggy-ansah-the-best-african-player-in-the-nfl-of-all-time/|access-date=November 9, 2017|work=True Africa|date=December 18, 2015}}</ref><ref name=Chu/> Ansah was invited to the Pro Bowl in 2015 after recording 14.5 sacks and forcing four fumbles.<ref>{{cite news|title=Meet the Athlete from Ghana turned NFL Pro|url=http://time.com/collection-post/4512286/ziggy-anash-american-voices/|access-date=November 9, 2017|work=Time|date=October 3, 2016}}</ref>

===Australians===
{{see also|Australians in American football}}
Recent seasons have seen a surge of Australians in the NFL primarily at the punter position.<ref name=Mather>{{cite news|last1=Mather|first1=Victor|title=Australian Football Becomes a Punting Pipeline for the American Game|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/10/23/sports/ncaafootball/australian-football-becomes-a-punting-pipeline-for-the-american-game.html|access-date=November 9, 2017|work=The New York Times|date=October 22, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Wood|first1=Patrick|last2=Kennedy|first2=Paul|title=NFL: How Aussie punters are taking American football by storm|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-03-30/how-australian-punters-are-taking-over-american-football/8393124|access-date=November 9, 2017|publisher=ABC|date=March 29, 2017}}</ref> As punting is a vital aspect of [[Australian rules football]], many players who are not fit for the physical play of that league have been able to find success in American football. The first Australian in the NFL was [[Melbourne]] native [[Colin Ridgeway]], a punter who played a single season with the [[Dallas Cowboys]] in 1965.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Ison|first1=Rebekah|title=Colin Ridgway, the tragic tale of Australia's first NFL player|url=http://www.smh.com.au/sport/colin-ridgway-the-tragic-tale-of-australias-first-nfl-player-20141017-117nu2.html|access-date=November 9, 2017|work=The Sydney Morning Herald|date=October 17, 2014}}</ref> The first to spend significant time in the league was [[Darren Bennett (football player)|Darren Bennett]], who was a punter for the [[San Diego Chargers]] and [[Minnesota Vikings]] from 1995 to 2005. He is credited with having paved the way for the upsurge of recent Australian punters in the NFL, which includes [[Ben Graham (football player)|Ben Graham]], [[Matt McBriar]], [[Brad Wing]], [[Saverio Rocca]], [[Jordan Berry]], and [[Lac Edwards]].<ref name=Mather/>

Defensive tackle [[Colin Scotts]] was the first Australian to be drafted into the NFL, selected by the Cardinals in the third round of the 1987 draft.<ref name=Withers>{{cite news|last1=Withers|first1=Andy|title=Jarryd Hayne leaves massive NFL legacy in Australia – Colin Scotts|url=http://www.espn.com/nfl/story/_/id/15556474/jarryd-hayne-leaves-massive-nfl-legacy-american-football-australia-colin-scotts|access-date=November 10, 2017|work=ESPN.com|date=May 15, 2016}}</ref> In 2015, [[rugby league]] footballer [[Jarryd Hayne]] of Sydney signed with the [[San Francisco 49ers]] as an [[undrafted free agent]]. He played a limited role in eight games for the 49ers as a running back and punt returner before returning to Australia to resume his rugby career.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Dubin|first1=Jared|title=49ers' Jarryd Hayne is retiring from the NFL to return to rugby|url=https://www.cbssports.com/nfl/news/49ers-jarryd-hayne-is-retiring-from-the-nfl-to-return-to-rugby/|access-date=November 10, 2017|publisher=CBS Sports|date=May 15, 2016}}</ref> Despite Hayne's brief NFL career, Scotts credited him with spurring the popularity of American football in Australia.<ref name=Withers/>

===Canadians===
{{see also|List of Canadians in the National Football League}}
Canadians make the most significant single source of foreign-born NFL players, due to the close [[Canada–United States relations|geographical, linguistic, economic, and cultural ties between Canada and the United States]]. Most importantly, Canadians play their own domestic [[gridiron football]] code known as [[Canadian football]] and have their own professional equivalent to the NFL, the [[Canadian Football League]] (CFL). Because the two sports are very similar, American and Canadian players regularly transition between the two leagues. Canadians have played in the NFL since its first season when [[Jim Bryant (American football)|Jim Bryant]], [[Perce Wilson]], and [[Tommy Hughitt]] suited up.

==List of foreign players in the Pro Football Hall of Fame==
[[File:Van Buren 1952 Bowman.jpg|thumb|right|Hall of Fame halfback [[Steve Van Buren]] was born in [[La Ceiba]], [[Honduras]].]]
Nine former players born outside the United States have been inducted into the [[Pro Football Hall of Fame]].

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Player !! Birthplace !! Position !! Team(s) !! Inducted !! class="unsortable"|Source
|-
| {{sortname|Morten|Andersen}} || {{DEN}} || [[Placekicker]] || [[New Orleans Saints]] (1982–1994) [[Atlanta Falcons]] (1995–2000) [[New York Giants]] (2001) [[Kansas City Chiefs]] (2002–2003) [[Minnesota Vikings]] (2004) [[Atlanta Falcons]] (2006–2007) || 2017 ||<ref>{{cite web|title=Morten Andersen Stats|url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/A/andermor01.htm|website=Pro-Football-Reference.com|publisher=Sports Reference|access-date=October 26, 2017}}</ref>
|-
| {{sortname|Tom|Fears}} || {{MEX}} || [[End (gridiron football)|End]] || [[Los Angeles Rams]] (1948–1956) || 1970 ||<ref>{{cite web|title=Tom Fears Stats|url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/F/FearTo00.htm|website=Pro-Football-Reference.com|publisher=Sports Reference|access-date=October 26, 2017}}</ref>
|-
| {{sortname|Ted|Hendricks}} || {{GTM}} || [[Linebacker]] || [[Baltimore Colts]] (1969–1973) [[Green Bay Packers]] (1974) [[Oakland Raiders|Oakland / Los Angeles Raiders]] (1975–1983) || 1990 ||<ref>{{cite web|title=Ted Hendricks Stats|url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/H/HendTe00.htm|website=Pro-Football-Reference.com|publisher=Sports Reference|access-date=October 26, 2017}}</ref>
|-
| {{sortname|Bronko|Nagurski}} || {{CAN}} || [[Fullback (gridiron football)|Fullback]] || [[Chicago Bears]] (1930–1937, 1943) || 1963 ||<ref>{{cite web|title=Bronko Nagurski Stats|url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/N/NaguBr00.htm|website=Pro-Football-Reference.com|publisher=Sports Reference|access-date=October 26, 2017}}</ref>
|-
| {{sortname|Leo|Nomellini}} || {{ITA}} || [[Defensive tackle]] || [[San Francisco 49ers]] (1950–1963) || 1969 ||<ref>{{cite web|title=Leo Nomellini Stats|url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/N/NomeLe00.htm|website=Pro-Football-Reference.com|publisher=Sports Reference|access-date=October 26, 2017}}</ref>
|-
| {{sortname|Ernie|Stautner}} || {{GER}} || [[Defensive tackle]] || [[Pittsburgh Steelers]] (1950–1963) || 1969 ||<ref>{{cite web|title=Ernie Stautner Stats|url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/S/StauEr00.htm|website=Pro-Football-Reference.com|publisher=Sports Reference|access-date=October 26, 2017}}</ref>
|-
| {{sortname|Jan|Stenerud}} || {{NOR}} || [[Placekicker]] || [[Kansas City Chiefs]] (1967–1979) [[Green Bay Packers]] (1980–1983) [[Minnesota Vikings]] (1984–1985) || 1991 ||<ref>{{cite web|title=Jan Stenerud Stats|url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/S/stenejan01.htm|website=Pro-Football-Reference.com|publisher=Sports Reference|access-date=October 26, 2017}}</ref>
|-
| {{sortname|Steve|Van Buren}} || {{HND}} || [[Halfback (American football)|Halfback]] || [[Philadelphia Eagles]] (1944–1951) || 1965 ||<ref>{{cite web|title=Steve Van Buren Stats|url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/V/VanBSt00.htm|website=Pro-Football-Reference.com|publisher=Sports Reference|access-date=October 26, 2017}}</ref>
|-
| {{sortname|Arnie|Weinmeister}} || {{CAN}} || [[Defensive tackle]] || [[New York Giants]] (1950–1953) || 1984 ||<ref>{{cite web|title=Arnie Weinmeister Stats|url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/W/WeinAr00.htm|website=Pro-Football-Reference.com|publisher=Sports Reference|access-date=October 26, 2017}}</ref>
|}

==List of foreign players currently in the NFL==
This list includes players active as of the 2020 NFL season who were:
* born outside the United States, or
* born within the U.S., but holding nationality in another country from birth.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Nationality
!Birthplace
!Player
!Position
!First year
!Team
|-
| {{ALB}}
| {{ALB}}
| {{sortname|Kristjan|Sokoli|}}
|DE
|{{nfly|2015}}
| align="center"| [[Free agent]]
|-
| {{AUS}}
| {{AUS}}
| {{sortname|Jordan|Berry|}}
|P
|{{nfly|2015}}
| align="center"|[[Pittsburgh Steelers]]
|-
| {{AUS}}
| {{AUS}}
| {{sortname|Michael|Dickson|Michael Dickson (American football)|}}
|P
|{{nfly|2018}}
| align="center"|[[Seattle Seahawks]]
|-
| {{AUS}}
| {{AUS}}
| {{sortname|Lac|Edwards|}}
|P
|{{nfly|2016}}
| align="center"|[[Free agent]]
|-
| {{AUS}}
| {{AUS}}
| {{sortname|Adam|Gotsis|}}
|DE
|{{nfly|2016}}
| align="center"|[[Jacksonville Jaguars]]
|-
| {{AUS}}
| {{AUS}}
| {{sortname|Cameron|Johnston|Cameron Johnston (footballer)|}}
|P
|{{nfly|2017}}
| align="center"|[[Philadelphia Eagles]]
|-
| {{AUS}}
| {{AUS}}
| {{sortname|Jordan|Mailata}}
|OT
|{{nfly|2018}}
| align="center"|[[Philadelphia Eagles]]
|-
| {{AUS}}
| {{AUS}}
| {{sortname|Mitch|Wishnowsky|}}
|P
|{{nfly|2019}}
| align="center"|[[San Francisco 49ers]]
|-
|{{BLZ}}
|{{BLZ}}
| {{sortname|Rakeem|Nuñez-Roches}}
|DE
|{{nfly|2015}}
| align="center"|[[Tampa Bay Buccaneers]]
|-
| {{BRA}}
| {{BRA}}
| {{sortname|Cairo|Santos|}}
|K
|{{nfly|2014}}
| align="center"|[[Chicago Bears]]
|-
| {{CMR}}
| {{CMR}}
| {{sortname|Steve|Longa|}}
|LB
|{{nfly|2016}}
| align="center"|[[Free agent]]
|-
| {{CAN}}
| {{CAN}}
| {{sortname|Eli|Ankou|}}
|DT
|{{nfly|2017}}
| align="center"|[[Dallas Cowboys]]
|-
| {{CAN}}
| {{CAN}}
| {{sortname|Antony|Auclair|}}
|TE
|{{nfly|2017}}
| align="center"| [[Tampa Bay Buccaneers]]
|-
| {{CAN}}
| {{CAN}}
| {{sortname|Tevaughn|Campbell|}}
|CB
|{{nfly|2019}}
| align="center"| [[Los Angeles Chargers]]
|-
| {{CAN}}
| {{CAN}}
| {{sortname|Chase|Claypool|}}
|WR
|{{nfly|2020}}
| align="center"|[[Pittsburgh Steelers]]
|-
| {{CAN}}
| {{CAN}}
| {{sortname|Christian|Covington|}}
|DT
|{{nfly|2015}}
| align="center"|[[Cincinnati Bengals]]
|-
| {{CAN}}
| {{CAN}}
| {{sortname|Tyrone|Crawford|}}
|DE
|{{nfly|2012}}
| align="center"|[[Dallas Cowboys]]
|-
| {{CAN}}
| {{CAN}}
| {{sortname|Laurent|Duvernay-Tardif|}}
|OG
|{{nfly|2014}}
| align="center"|[[Kansas City Chiefs]]
|-
| {{CAN}}
| {{CAN}}
| {{sortname|Neville|Gallimore|}}
|DE
|{{nfly|2020}}
| align="center"|[[Dallas Cowboys]]
|-
| {{VIN}}
| {{CAN}}
| {{sortname|N'Keal|Harry|}}
|WR
|{{nfly|2019}}
| align="center"|[[New England Patriots]]
|-
| {{USA}}
| {{CAN}}
| {{sortname|T. J.|Jones|}}
|WR
|{{nfly|2014}}
| align="center"|[[Free agent]]
|-
| {{CAN}}
| {{CAN}}
| {{sortname|Brett|Jones|Brett Jones (gridiron football)}}
|C
|{{nfly|2015}}
| align="center"|[[Minnesota Vikings]]
|-
| {{CAN}}
| {{CAN}}
| {{sortname|L. P.|Ladouceur|}}
|LS
|{{nfly|2005}}
| align="center"|[[Dallas Cowboys]]
|-
| {{CAN}}
| {{CAN}}
| {{sortname|Austin|Pasztor|}}
|OT
|{{nfly|2012}}
| align="center"|[[Free agent]]
|-
| {{CAN}}
| {{CAN}}
| {{sortname|Nathan|Shepherd|Nathan Shepherd (American football)}}
|DE
|{{nfly|2018}}
| align="center"|[[New York Jets]]
|-
| {{CAN}}
| {{CAN}}
| {{sortname|Brent|Urban|}}
|DE
|{{nfly|2014}}
| align="center"|[[Chicago Bears]]
|-
| {{CAN}}
| {{CAN}}
| {{sortname|Luke|Willson|}}
|TE
|{{nfly|2013}}
| align="center"|[[Seattle Seahawks]]
|-
| {{DEN}}
| {{DEN}}
| {{sortname|Hjalte|Froholdt|}}
|OG
|{{nfly|2019}}
| align="center"|[[New England Patriots]]
|-
| {{GBR}}
| {{ENG}}
| {{sortname|Jay|Ajayi|}}
|RB
|{{nfly|2015}}
| align="center"|[[Free agent]]
|-
| {{GBR}}
| {{ENG}}
| {{sortname|Jack|Crawford|Jack Crawford (American football)}}
|DE
|{{nfly|2012}}
| align="center"|[[Tennessee Titans]]
|-
| {{GBR}}
| {{ENG}}
| {{sortname|Jermaine|Eluemunor}}
|OG
|{{nfly|2017}}
| align="center"|[[New England Patriots]]
|-
| {{GBR}}
| {{ENG}}
| {{sortname|Alex|Gray|Alex Gray (rugby union)}}
| TE
| {{nfly|2017}}
| align="center"|[[Free agent]]
|-
| {{NGR}}
| {{ENG}}
| {{sortname|Julian|Okwara|}}
|DE
|{{nfly|2020}}
| align="center"|[[Detroit Lions]]
|-
| {{GBR}}
| {{ENG}}
| {{sortname|Christian|Wade|}}
| RB
| {{nfly|2019}}
| align="center"|[[Buffalo Bills]]
|-
| {{EST}}
| {{URS}}
| {{sortname|Margus|Hunt|}}
|DT
|{{nfly|2013}}
| align="center"|[[New Orleans Saints]]
|-
| {{GER}}
| {{GER}}
| {{sortname|Moritz|Böhringer|}}
|TE
|{{nfly|2016}}
| align="center"|[[Free agent]]
|-
| {{GER}} / {{USA}}
| {{GER}}
| {{sortname|Kasim|Edebali|}}
|DE
|{{nfly|2014}}
| align="center"|[[Free agent]]
|-
| {{GER}}
| {{GER}}
| {{sortname|Jakob|Johnson|}}
|FB
|{{nfly|2019}}
| align="center"|[[New England Patriots]]
|-
| {{GER}}
| {{GER}}
| {{sortname|Mark|Nzeocha|}}
|LB
|{{nfly|2015}}
| align="center"|[[San Francisco 49ers]]
|-
| {{USA}}
| {{GER}}
| {{sortname|Vyncint|Smith|}}
|WR
|{{nfly|2018}}
| align="center"|[[New York Jets]]
|-
| {{GHA}}
| {{GHA}}
| {{sortname|Ezekiel|Ansah|}}
|DE
|{{nfly|2013}}
| align="center"|[[San Francisco 49ers]]
|-
| {{HAI}}
| {{HAI}}
| {{sortname|Pierre|Desir|}}
|CB
|{{nfly|2014}}
| align="center"|[[New York Jets]]
|-
| {{ITA}}
| {{ITA}}
| {{sortname|Giorgio|Tavecchio}}
|K
|{{nfly|2012}}
| align="center"|[[Free agent]]
|-
| {{JAM}}
| {{JAM}}
| {{sortname|Corey|Ballentine|}}
|CB
|{{nfly|2019}}
| align="center"|[[New York Giants]]
|-
| {{JAM}}
| {{JAM}}
| {{sortname|Patrick|Chung|}}
|S
|{{nfly|2009}}
| align="center"|[[New England Patriots]]
|-
| {{JAM}} / {{USA}}
| {{JAM}}
| {{sortname|Danielle|Hunter|}}
|DE
|{{nfly|2015}}
| align="center"|[[Minnesota Vikings]]
|-
| {{JAM}} / {{USA}}
| {{JAM}}
| {{sortname|Matt|Peart|}}
|OT
|{{nfly|2020}}
| align="center"|[[New York Giants]]
|-
| {{USA}}
| {{JPN}}
| {{sortname|Robert|Griffin III|}}
|QB
|{{nfly|2012}}
| align="center"|[[Baltimore Ravens]]
|-
| {{USA}}
| {{JPN}}
| {{sortname|DaeSean|Hamilton|}}
|WR
|{{nfly|2018}}
| align="center"|[[Denver Broncos]]
|-
| {{KEN}} / {{USA}}
| {{KEN}}
| {{sortname|Rees|Odhiambo|}}
|OG
|{{nfly|2016}}
| align="center"|[[Free agent]]
|-
| {{LBR}}
| {{LBR}}
| {{sortname|Jehu|Chesson}}
|WR
|{{nfly|2017}}
| align="center"|[[Free agent]]
|-
| {{LBR}}
| {{LBR}}
| {{sortname|Kelvin|Harmon}}
|WR
|{{nfly|2019}}
| align="center"|[[Washington Football Team]]
|-
| {{MEX}}
| {{MEX}}
| {{sortname|Isaac|Alarcón|}}
|OT
|{{nfly|2020}}
| align="center"|[[Dallas Cowboys]]
|-
| {{NGR}} / {{USA}}
| {{NGR}}
| {{sortname|Nelson|Agholor|}}
|WR
|{{nfly|2015}}
| align="center"|[[Las Vegas Raiders]]
|-
|{{NGR}}
|{{NGR}}
| {{sortname|Ade|Aruna|}}
|DE
|{{nfly|2018}}
| align="center"|[[Free agent]]
|-
|{{NGR}}
|{{NGR}}
| {{sortname|Jeremiah|Attaochu}}
|OLB
|{{nfly|2014}}
| align="center"|[[Denver Broncos]]
|-
|{{NGR}}
|{{NGR}}
| {{sortname|Ben|Banogu}}
|DE
|{{nfly|2019}}
| align="center"|[[Indianapolis Colts]]
|-
| {{USA}}
| {{NGR}}
| {{sortname|Leon|Jacobs}}
|LB
|{{nfly|2018}}
| align="center"|[[Jacksonville Jaguars]]
|-
| {{GBR}}
| {{NGR}}
| {{sortname|Efe|Obada|}}
|DE
|{{nfly|2015}}
| align="center"|[[Carolina Panthers]]
|-
| {{NGR}}
| {{NGR}}
| {{sortname|Emmanuel|Ogbah|}}
|OLB
|{{nfly|2016}}
| align="center"|[[Miami Dolphins]]
|-
| {{NGR}}
| {{NGR}}
| {{sortname|Chukwuma|Okorafor|}}
|OT
|{{nfly|2018}}
| align="center"|[[Pittsburgh Steelers]]
|-
| {{NGR}}
| {{NGR}}
| {{sortname|Romeo|Okwara|}}
|DE
|{{nfly|2016}}
| align="center"|[[Detroit Lions]]
|-
| {{NGR}}/{{CAN}}
| {{NGR}}
| {{sortname|David|Onyemata|}}
|DT
|{{nfly|2016}}
| align="center"|[[New Orleans Saints]]
|-
|{{NOR}}
|{{NOR}}
|[[Kaare Vedvik]]
|K/P
|{{Nfly|2018}}
|[[Washington Football Team]]
|-
| {{USA}}
| {{NGR}}
| {{sortname|Prince Tega|Wanogho}}
|OT
|{{nfly|2020}}
| align="center"|[[Philadelphia Eagles]]
|-
| {{GBR}}/ {{USA}}
| {{SCO}}
| {{sortname|Graham|Gano|}}
|K
|{{nfly|2009}}
| align="center"|[[New York Giants]]
|-
| {{GBR}}
| {{SCO}}
| {{sortname|Jamie|Gillan|}}
|P
|{{nfly|2019}}
| align="center"|[[Cleveland Browns]]
|-
| {{Flagicon|Sierra Leone}} [[Sierra Leone]]
| {{Flagicon|Sierra Leone}} [[Sierra Leone]]
| {{sortname|Amara|Darboh|}}
|WR
|{{nfly|2017}}
| align="center"|[[Pittsburgh Steelers]]
|-
| {{RSA}}
| {{RSA}}
| {{sortname|Greg|Joseph|}}
|K
|{{nfly|2018}}
| align="center"|[[Philadelphia Eagles]]
|-
|{{Flagicon|KOR}} [[South Korea]]
|{{Flagicon|KOR}} [[South Korea]]
|[[Younghoe Koo]]
|K
|[[2017 NFL season|2017]]
| align="center"|[[Atlanta Falcons]]
|-
| {{ESP}}/ {{USA}}
| {{ESP}}
| {{sortname|JJ|Arcega-Whiteside|}}
|WR
|{{nfly|2019}}
| align="center"|[[Philadelphia Eagles]]
|-
|{{TON}}
|{{TON}}
|{{sortname|Star|Lotulelei|}}
|DT
|{{nfly|2013}}
| align="center"|[[Buffalo Bills]]
|-
|{{TON}}
|{{TON}}
|{{sortname|Netane|Muti|}}
|OG
|{{nfly|2020}}
| align="center"|[[Denver Broncos]]
|-
| {{USA}}
| {{TTO}}
|{{sortname|Javon|Kinlaw|}}
|DT
|{{nfly|2020}}
| align="center"|[[San Francisco 49ers]]
|-
| {{TUR}} / {{USA}}
| {{TUR}}
|{{sortname|Chris|Conley|Chris Conley (American football)}}
|WR
|{{nfly|2015}}
| align="center"|[[Jacksonville Jaguars]]
|-
| {{CAN}} / {{USA}}
| {{USA}}
| {{sortname|Brett|Rypien}}
|QB
|{{nfly|2019}}
| align="center"|[[Denver Broncos]]
|-
| {{GER}} / {{USA}}
| {{USA}}
| {{sortname|Equanimeous|St. Brown}}
|WR
|{{nfly|2018}}
| align="center"|[[Green Bay Packers]]
|-
| {{ESP}} / {{USA}}
| {{USA}}
| {{sortname|Alejandro|Villanueva|Alejandro_Villanueva_(American_football)}}
|OT
|{{nfly|2014}}
| align="center"|[[Pittsburgh Steelers]]
|}

{{inc-sport}}

==See also==
* [[Black players in professional American football]]
* [[International Player Pathway]]
* [[List of foreign NBA players]]
* [[List of foreign WNBA players]]

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

{{NFL}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Foreign NFL players}}
[[Category:National Football League players]]
[[Category:Lists of National Football League players]]
[[Category:Employment of foreign-born]]
Daniel Carlson kicker from Auburn University was drafted by Minnesota Vikings in 5 round 2018 and now playing for Las Vegas Raiders. Born in Dallas, TX but has Swedish passport also and lived and went to school Örebro, Sweden 2008-2009. From Hans Carlson( Father)

International Player Pathway

2021-02-19T12:21:55Z

Willy3198: /* Summary of program and participants' achievements */

{{short description|Program by the National Football League to extend opportunities to non-American players}}
The '''International Player Pathway Program''' ('''IPPP''') is a scheme run by the [[National Football League]] (NFL) to increase the number of non-[[Americans|American]] and non-[[Canadians|Canadian]] players in the NFL. The program was formed as part of the NFL's overall strategy to grow globally as it provides athletes with the opportunity to play in the league which will increase the pool of talent and ultimately drive fan growth.<ref>https://operations.nfl.com/updates/the-players/four-international-players-added-to-practice-squads-for-2017-season/</ref>

==Background==
The International Player Pathway was not the first initiative by the NFL to introduce foreign talent into its pool of players and neither is it, as yet, the longest running. The first such program was the NFL International Development Practice Squad Program that ran between 2004 and 2009. Following a short hiatus of seven years there was a single incarnation of NFL Undiscovered in 2016 and building immediately on the success of that trial the IPP was instituted in 2017.

===NFL International Development Practice Squad Program===
The NFL International [[Practice Squad]] Program was an initiative run by the NFL in which selected players from outside the United States or Canada were assigned to the practice squads of NFL teams. The program began in 2004<ref name=espn>Bill Williamson, [http://myespn.go.com/blogs/hashmarks/0-7-543/International-practice-squad-players-assigned.html International practice-squad players assigned], ESPN, June 12, 2008.</ref> and was concluded five years later in 2009 but during that time many players from a multitude of nations<ref name=tribune>[http://blogs.thenewstribune.com/seahawks/2008/05/23/nfl_expands_international_practice_squad NFL Expands International Practice Squad Program], ''[[The News Tribune]]'', May 23, 2008.</ref> were given the opportunity to play in the NFL or other professional football leagues like the [[Arena Football League]], the [[United Football League (2009–2012)|United Football League]] and the [[Canadian Football League]].
{{div col|colwidth=40em}}
* {{flagicon|Norway}} Anders Akerstrom – 2005 [[New Orleans Saints]] practice squad
* {{flagicon|Finland}} Klaus Alinen – [[2005 Atlanta Falcons season|2005]] [[Atlanta Falcons]] practice squad
* {{flagicon|UK}} [[Marvin Allen (wide receiver)|Marvin Allen]] – 2006 & 2008 [[Pittsburgh Steelers]] and 2007 [[Miami Dolphins]]
* {{flagicon|Sweden}} [[Carl-Johan Björk]]
* {{flagicon|Mexico}} [[Rolando Cantú]] – 2005–2006 [[Arizona Cardinals]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nfl.com/player/rolandocantu/2506127/profile|title=Rolando Cantu|website=National Football League|access-date=May 4, 2020}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|UK}} [[Aden Durde]]
* {{flagicon|Finland}} [[Seppo Evwaraye]]
* {{flagicon|Germany}} [[Samuel Gutekunst]]
* {{flagicon|Russia}} [[Sergey Ivanov (American football)|Sergey Ivanov]]
* {{flagicon|Japan}} [[Noriaki Kinoshita]]
* {{flagicon|Finland}} [[Iiro Luoto]]
* {{flagicon|Belgium}} Patrice Majondo-Mwamba – [[2005 Denver Broncos season|2005]] [[Denver Broncos]]
* {{flagicon|Germany}} [[Christian Mohr]]
* {{flagicon|Mexico}} [[Manuel Padilla]]
* {{flagicon|Germany}} [[Michael Quarshie]]
* {{flagicon|France}} [[Sébastien Sejean]]
* {{flagicon|UK}} [[Shaun Smith (linebacker)|Shaun Smith]]
* {{flagicon|Germany}} Ulrich Winkler – 2006 [[Cleveland Browns]]' practice squad and 2007–2008 [[Tennessee Titans]]
{{div col end}}

===NFL Undiscovered===
Two [[British people|British]]-born former NFL players [[Aden Durde]] (NFLUK head of football development) and two-time [[Super Bowl]] winner [[Osi Umenyiora]] were concerned that there were no clear pathways into the NFL for players who had not gone to high-school and/or college in the United States, and, as a result, the NFL was potentially missing out on some exceptional players. Wanting to remedy this, in early 2016, they used their personal and professional contracts from their time in the NFL to create a training program and to set-up meetings and try-outs with NFL teams for a small number of specially selected [[American football|football]] players. These players' potential had been scouted primarily by watching YouTube videos.<ref name="NFL Undiscovered">{{cite AV media |date=2016 |title=NFL Undiscovered |medium=video |language=en |url=https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLRdw3IjKY2gmSwA4gV8OaocR4psD1sa6w |publisher=NFL }}</ref> The initial group of players all lived, worked and played amateur [[American football|football]] in [[Europe]]. At the time, the program was not yet officially named the International Player Pathway, but it was fully sanctioned and supported by the NFL. Additionally, the League had commissioned a mini-series documentary to be made, called NFL Undiscovered, that followed the participants of the program.

===International Player Pathway===
In 2017 the IPP was implemented with systems for choosing which division sponsors the program annually, as well as special regulations applying to the teams being assigned the players. The program has grown every year since its launch and, as of 2020, more than half (19 of 32) of all NFL teams have signed international players as a direct result of the program.

==Athlete eligibility and application==
In 2017, potential applicants to NFL Undiscovered were asked to meet specific requirements and were advised to follow a particular application process.<ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/us-sport/nfl-draft-2017-undrafted-european-athletes-a7596096.html |first=Ed |last= Malyon |date= February 23, 2017 |title= The NFL want talented young European athletes to enter the draft - here's how to be in with the chance of a lifetime |work= The Independent }}</ref> Some of these criteria have either changed over time or there is some discretion applied during the selection process, as not all the athletes that have come through the program in the intervening years meet all of the following criteria.
* age 24 or younger
* out of high school (or equivalent) for at least four years
* did not play American football at a US college
* experience of playing American football is desirable but not essential (multiple [[rugby union]] and [[rugby league]] players were accepted into the program)
* English language is essential because of the short timeframe being worked to
* not a citizen of the US
* not a citizen of Canada
* must be available and eligible to travel to the US for two months from the first week in March

Applicants were asked to email all of the following material to the NFL by midnight [[Greenwich Mean Time|UK time]] on the first Sunday in March.
* video of the applicant doing a [[vertical jump]], a box jump, and a timed {{convert|40|yard|0|adj=on}} [[sprint (running)|dash]]
* links to any relevant footage such as workouts, football film, or other sports footage
* details of age, height, and weight
* full contact details

==Roster regulations==
The NFL has specific regulations for players that sign through the IPP. The teams to which each IPP player is assigned are allowed 91 players<ref>https://www.behindthesteelcurtain.com/2019/8/29/20837438/updated-look-at-the-steelers-91-man-roster-with-jersey-numbers-before-preseason-week-4-jhavonte-dean</ref> on their off-season rosters, one more than those teams that are not participating in the IPP that year. At the point when these rosters need to be cut to 53 (at the end of pre-season), the participating teams must decide the status of their IPP players.<ref>https://www.newyorkupstate.com/buffalo-bills/2019/08/buffalo-bills-christian-wade-and-the-international-pathway-program-what-fans-needs-to-know.html</ref><ref>https://www.buffalorumblings.com/2019/8/18/20810950/clarifying-the-buffalo-bills-roster-status-with-running-back-christian-wade</ref><ref>https://billswire.usatoday.com/2019/08/19/what-the-buffalo-bills-can-do-christian-wade/</ref>

First, the team can keep their IPP player on their 53-man roster. If they waive the player, he goes through the NFL's waiver system, which allows him to be claimed by another team. If he clears waivers, the team can sign the player to their practice squad. If they do, they may elect to take an exemption for the IPP player, giving them an extra spot on their practice squad. If they utilize the exemption, that player cannot be signed to the active roster of any team during the season. If the exemption is declined, the player is treated like any other practice squad player, and can be promoted to a team's active roster. If the player chooses to sign with a team other than the one to which he was assigned, that team may not claim the exemption.
==History==
The IPP began in 2017 when four players ([[Alex Gray (American football)|Alex Gray]], Alex Jenkins, [[Efe Obada]], and [[Eric Nzeocha]]) signed with NFL teams.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.espn.co.uk/nfl/story/_/id/21230190|title=New program opens doors for four NFL hopefuls|date=2 November 2017|website=ESPN.com|access-date=21 June 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://theinsidezone.com/international-player-pathway-program-will-change-nfl|title=The International Player Pathway Program: What it is, and why it will change the NFL|date=26 June 2017|access-date=7 May 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nfl.com/news/story/0ap3000000811256/article/international-players-added-to-four-practice-squads|title=International players added to four practice squads|website=NFL.com|access-date=7 May 2019}}</ref> The program was continued in 2018,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://apnews.com/7c9905f90480407eadd9010566852dc0|title=NFL expands program for overseas practice squad players|date=1 May 2018|website=AP NEWS|access-date=7 May 2019}}</ref> 2019,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ninetynineyards.com/2019/03/22/international-player-pathway-players/|title=Meet the NFL International Player Pathway Players of 2019|date=22 March 2019|access-date=7 May 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nfl.com/news/story/0ap3000001002116/article/christian-wade-joined-by-six-others-in-nfl-international-player-pathway|title=Christian Wade joined by six others in NFL International Player Pathway|website=NFL.com|access-date=7 May 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/american-football/48176492|title=Alex Jenkins: New York Giants sign English defensive end as free agent|date=6 May 2019|access-date=7 May 2019|via=www.bbc.co.uk}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/nfl/2019/04/08/4-international-players-added-to-nfl-rosters-for-2019-season/39319497/|title=4 international players added to NFL rosters for 2019 season|website=USA TODAY|access-date=7 May 2019}}</ref> and 2020.

==Summary of program and participants' achievements==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Players who have participated in ''NFL Undiscovered'' and the ''NFL International Player Pathway'' program
|-
! #
! Player
! Nationality
! Age entering program
! Previous sport(s)
! NFL season
! Sponsoring NFL division
! NFL team signed to
! Football position
! class="unsortable" |Resulting contract(s)
|-
| {{nts|1}} ||'''{{sortname| Anthony | Dablé |Anthony Dablé}}'''<ref>{{cite web |title=Anthony Dable |url=https://www.nfl.com/players/anthony-dable/ |website=NFL.com |access-date=February 10, 2021}}</ref>||{{flag|France}}||{{age nts|1988|9|23|2016|1|28|}}||[[American Football|Football]]||rowspan=3|2016||rowspan=3|[[N/A]] NFL Undiscovered||[[New York Giants]]||[[Wide receiver]]|| '''2016''' – signed as a [[free agent]] then released during final roster cuts<ref>https://www.giants.com/team/transactions/</ref> ''first player signed in the NFL from NFL Undiscovered'' '''2017''' – signed with [[Atlanta Falcons]] and again released at the end of pre-season<ref>https://www.atlantafalcons.com/team/transactions/</ref>
|-
| {{nts|2}} ||'''{{sortname| Harry | Innis |Harry Innis (American football)|nolink=1}}'''||{{flag|UK}}||{{age nts|1995|11|11|2016|1|28}}||[[American Football|Football]]||–||[[Tight end]]||–<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lxj_s7DrU8Q</ref>
|-
| {{nts|3}} ||'''{{sortname| Moritz | Böhringer |Moritz Böhringer}}'''<ref>http://www.nfl.com/player/moritzboehringer/2556261/profile</ref>||{{flag| Germany}}||{{age nts|1993|10|16|2016|1|28}}||[[American Football|Football]]||[[Minnesota Vikings]]||[[Wide receiver]]||'''2016''' – [[2016 NFL Draft|drafted]] (R6#180) spent season on 10-man [[practice squad]], ''first player drafted in the NFL from NFL Undiscovered''<ref>https://www.americanfootballinternational.com/minnesota-vikings-cut-ties-german-receiver-moritz-bohringer/</ref> '''2017''' – waived by Vikings in September<ref>https://www.vikings.com/team/transactions/</ref>
|-
| {{nts|4}} ||'''{{sortname|Alex|Gray|Alex Gray (rugby union)}}'''<ref>http://www.nfl.com/player/alexgray/2559379/profile</ref>||{{flag|UK}}||{{age nts|1991|5|1|2017|1|14}}||[[Rugby Union]]||rowspan=4|2017||rowspan=4 | [[NFC South]]|| | [[Atlanta Falcons]]||[[Tight end]]||'''2017''' – 11th member of practice squad '''2018''' – signed to practice squad '''2019''' – on 2-year futures contract to 2020<ref>https://www.atlantafalcons.com/team/transactions/</ref>
|-
| {{nts|5}} ||'''{{sortname|Alex|Jenkins|Alex Jenkins|nolink=1}}'''<ref>http://www.nfl.com/player/alexjenkins/2559380/profile</ref>||{{flag|UK}}||{{age nts|1993|1|19|2017|1|14}}||[[American Football|Football]]|| | [[New Orleans Saints]]||[[Defensive end]]||'''2017''' – 11th member of practice squad '''2018''' – reserve/futures contract in January and to practice squad<ref>https://www.neworleanssaints.com/team/transactions/</ref>
|-
| {{nts|6}} ||'''{{sortname|Eric|Nzeocha|Eric Nzeocha}}'''<ref>http://www.nfl.com/player/ericnzeocha/2559381/profile</ref>||{{flag|Germany}}||{{age nts|1993|4|1|2017|1|14}}||[[American Football|Football]]|| | [[Tampa Bay Buccaneers]]||[[Linebacker]]||'''2017''' – 11th member of practice squad '''2018''' – reserve/futures contract in January and to practice squad<ref>https://www.buccaneers.com/team/transactions/</ref>
|-
| {{nts|7}} ||'''{{sortname|Efe|Obada|Efe Obada}}'''<ref>http://www.nfl.com/player/efeobada/2553310/profile</ref>||{{flag|UK}}||{{age nts|1992|4|13|2017|1|14}}||[[American Football|Football]]|| | [[Carolina Panthers]]||[[Defensive end]]||'''2017''' – 11th member of practice squad '''2018''' – reserve/futures contract in January and to practice squad, ''first player to make an NFL 53-man active roster from IPP and play in a regular season game (Sep-23-2018 versus [[Cincinnati Bengals|Cincinnati]])''<ref>http://www.nfl.com/player/efeobada/2553310/gamelogs?season=2018</ref><ref>http://www.nfl.com/news/story/0ap3000001012850/article/international-star-efe-obada-resigns-with-panthers</ref> '''2019''' – signed 1-year contract<ref>https://www.panthers.com/team/transactions/</ref>
|-
| {{nts|3}} ||'''{{sortname| Moritz | Böhringer |Moritz Böhringer}}'''<ref>http://www.nfl.com/player/moritzboehringer/2556261/profile</ref>||{{flag| Germany}}||{{age nts|1993|10|16|2018|1|14}}||[[American Football|Football]]||rowspan=5|2018||rowspan=5 | [[AFC North]]|| | [[Cincinnati Bengals]]||[[Tight end]]||'''2018''' – 11th member of practice squad and reserve/futures contract '''2019''' – again assigned by NFL to roster as IPP (roster exempt)<ref>https://www.bengals.com/team/transactions/</ref><ref name="2019 Germany">{{cite news |title=NFL International Combine heads to Germany |url=https://nflcommunications.com/Documents/06%2028%2019%20-%20NFL%20International%20Combine%20in%20Germany.pdf |website=NFLCommunications.com |date=June 28, 2019 |access-date=February 10, 2021}}</ref>
|-
| {{nts|8}} ||'''{{sortname| Christopher | Ezeala |Christopher Ezeala}}'''<ref>http://www.nfl.com/player/christopherezeala/2561571/profile</ref>||{{flag|Germany}}||{{age nts|1995|9|19|2018|1|14}}||[[American Football|Football]]|| | [[Baltimore Ravens]]||[[Running back]]||'''2018''' – 11th member of practice squad '''2019''' – re-signed<ref name="2019 Germany"/>
|-
| {{nts|9}} ||'''{{sortname| Jordan | Mailata |Jordan Mailata}}'''<ref>http://www.nfl.com/player/jordanmailata/2561122/profile</ref>||{{flag|Australia}}||{{age nts|1997|3|31|2018|1|14}}||[[Rugby League]]||[[Philadelphia Eagles]]||[[Offensive tackle]]||'''2018''' – [[2018 NFL Draft|drafted]] 2018 (R7#233) ''first player drafted in the NFL from IPP'' signed 4-year contract, spent season on 53-man roster, [[injured reserve]] in December<ref>https://www.philadelphiaeagles.com/team/transactions/</ref> '''2019''' –
|-
| {{nts|10}} ||'''{{sortname| Tigie | Sankoh |Tigie Sankoh}}'''<ref>http://www.nfl.com/player/tigiesankoh/2561594/profile</ref>||{{flag|UK}}||{{age nts|1997|11|4|2018|1|14}}||[[American Football|Football]]|| | [[Cleveland Browns]]||[[Defensive back]]||'''2018''' – 11th member of practice squad '''2019''' – signed to reserve/futures list in January<ref>https://www.clevelandbrowns.com/team/transactions/</ref><ref name="2019 Germany"/>
|-
| {{nts|11}} ||'''{{sortname|Christian|Scotland-Williamson| Christian Scotland-Williamson}}'''<ref>http://www.nfl.com/player/christianscotland-williamson/2561517/profile</ref>||{{flag|UK}}||{{age nts|1993|7|5|2018|1|14}}||[[Rugby Union]]|| | [[Pittsburgh Steelers]]||[[Tight end]]||'''2018''' – 11th member of practice squad, terminated in September<ref>https://www.steelers.com/team/transactions/</ref> '''2019''' – re-signed<ref name="2019 Germany"/>
|-
| {{nts|12}} ||'''{{sortname| David | Bada |David Bada}}'''||{{flag|Germany}}||{{age nts|1996|1|1|2019|1|14|}}||[[American Football|Football]]||rowspan=7|2019||rowspan=7 | [[AFC East]]||–||[[Defensive tackle]]||–
|-
| {{nts|13}} ||'''{{sortname| Moubarak | Djeri |Moubarak Djeri}}'''<ref>http://www.nfl.com/player/moubarakdjeri/2561082/profile</ref>||{{flag|Germany}}||{{age nts|1995|12|30|2019|1|14}}||[[American Football|Football]]||–||[[Defensive end]]||–
|-
| {{nts|14}} ||'''{{sortname| Valentine | Holmes |Valentine Holmes}}'''<ref>http://www.nfl.com/player/valentineholmes/2562889/profile</ref>||{{flag|Australia}}||{{age nts|1995|6|24|2019|1|14}}||[[Rugby League]]|| | [[New York Jets]]||[[Running back]]||'''2019''' – assigned by NFL to roster as IPP (roster exempt) and released at the end of the season.<ref>https://www.newyorkjets.com/team/transactions/</ref> Returned to Australia and [[NRL]] to play for [[North Queensland Cowboys]]<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2019/nov/25/cowboys-sign-holmes-on-six-year-nrl-deal</ref>
|-
| {{nts|15}} ||'''{{sortname| Jakob | Johnson |Jakob Johnson}}'''<ref>http://www.nfl.com/player/jakobjohnson/2562890/profile</ref>||{{flag|Germany}}||{{age nts|1994|12|15|2019|1|14}}||[[American Football|Football]]|| | [[New England Patriots]]||[[Fullback (gridiron football)|Fullback]]||'''2019''' – signed to 10-man practice squad then promoted to 53-man roster, ''first IPP player in 2019 class to be activated and play in a regular season game (September 22, 2019, versus [[New York Jets|Jets]])''<ref>{{cite web |last1=Wells |first1=Adam |title=Jakob Johnson makes NFL debut with Patriots|url=https://volswire.usatoday.com/2019/09/24/jakob-johnson-makes-nfl-debut-with-patriots/|website=USAToday.com |access-date=September 25, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Wells |first1=Adam |title=Patriots' Jakob Johnson 1st International Pathway Program Player to Be Activated |url=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/2854705-patriots-jakob-johnson-1st-international-pathway-program-player-to-be-activated |website=BleacherReport.com |publisher=Bleacher Report |access-date=September 22, 2019|date=September 21, 2019}}</ref> then put on [[injured reserve]] list '''2020''' –<ref>https://www.patriots.com/team/transactions/</ref>
|-
| {{nts|16}} ||'''{{sortname| Durval | Queiroz Neto |Durval Queiroz Neto}}'''<ref>http://www.nfl.com/player/durvalqueiroz/2562867/profile</ref>||{{flag|Brazil}}||{{age nts|1992|8|27|2019|1|14}}||[[American Football|Football]]|| | [[Miami Dolphins]]||[[Defensive tackle]]||'''2019''' – assigned by NFL to roster as IPP (roster exempt) '''2020''' – signed futures contract<ref>https://www.miamidolphins.com/team/transactions/</ref>
|-
| {{nts|17}} ||'''{{sortname| Máximo González | Sánchez |Máximo González Sánchez|nolink=1}}'''||{{flag|Mexico}}||{{age nts|1995|11|11|2019|1|14}}||[[American Football|Football]]||–||[[Linebacker]]||–
|-
| {{nts|18}} ||'''{{sortname| Christian | Wade |Christian Wade}}'''<ref>http://www.nfl.com/player/christianwade/2562896/profile</ref>||{{flag|UK}}||{{age nts|1991|5|15|2019|1|14}}||[[Rugby Union]]|| | [[Buffalo Bills]]||[[Running back]]||'''2019''' – assigned by NFL to roster as IPP (roster exempt) '''2020''' – signed reserve/future contract<ref>https://www.buffalobills.com/team/transactions/</ref>
|-
| {{nts|19}} ||'''{{sortname| Isaac | Alarcón |Isaac Alarcón}}'''||{{flag| Mexico}}||{{age nts|1998|8|27|2020|1|13}}||[[American Football|Football]]||rowspan=10|2020||rowspan=10 |[[NFC East]]|| |[[Dallas Cowboys]]||[[Offensive tackle]]||'''2020''' – assigned by NFL to roster as IPP (roster exempt)<ref name="2020 NFC East">{{Cite web|url=http://www.nfl.com/news/story/0ap3000001111958/article/nfc-east-teams-assigned-international-players-for-2020|title=NFC East teams assigned international players for 2020|website=NFL.com|language=en|access-date=2020-04-28}}</ref>
|-
| {{nts|20}} ||'''{{sortname| Otávio | Amorim |Otávio Amorim|nolink=1}}'''||{{flag|Brazil}}||[[TBC]]||[[American Football|Football]]|| – ||[[TBC]]|| –<ref name="2020 players">{{cite news |title=International players to compete for a spot in the NFL International Player Pathway Program |url=https://nflcommunications.com/Pages/INTERNATIONAL-PLAYERS-TO-COMPETE-FOR-A-SPOT-IN-THE-NFL-INTERNATIONAL-PLAYER-PATHWAY-PROGRAM.aspx |website=NFLCommunications.com |access-date=February 10, 2021}}</ref>
|-
|{{nts|12}}||'''{{sortname| David | Bada |David Bada}}'''||{{flag|Germany}}||{{age nts|1996|1|1|2020|1|13}}||[[American Football|Football]]|| |[[Washington Football Team]]||[[Defensive tackle]]||'''2020''' – assigned by NFL to roster as IPP (roster-exempt)<ref name="2020 NFC East"/>
|-
| {{nts|21}} ||'''{{sortname| Leo | Krafft |Leo Krafft|nolink=1}}'''||{{flag|Norway}}||[[TBC]]||[[American Football|Football]]|| – ||[[TBC]]|| –<ref name="2020 players"/>
|-
| 22 ||'''{{sortname| Matt | Leo |Matt Leo}}'''||{{flag|Australia}}||{{age nts|1992|5|8|2020|1|13}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Matt Leo |url=https://cyclones.com/sports/football/roster/matt-leo/10279 |website=Cyclones.com |access-date=February 10, 2021}}</ref>||[[American Football|Football]]|| |[[Philadelphia Eagles]]||[[Defensive end]]||'''2020''' – assigned by NFL to roster as IPP (roster exempt)<ref name="2020 NFC East"/>
|-
| 23 ||'''{{sortname| Boqiao | Li |Boqiao Li|nolink=1}}''' ([[Li (surname 李)|李]]伯乔)||{{flag|China}}||[[TBC]]||[[American Football|Football]]|| – ||[[TBC]]|| –<ref name="2020 players"/>
|-
| 24 ||'''{{sortname| Chris | Mulumba |Chris Mulumba (American football)|nolink=1}}'''||{{flag|Finland}}||[[TBC]]||[[American Football|Football]]|| – ||[[TBC]]|| –<ref name="2020 players"/>
|-
| 25 ||'''{{sortname| Sandro | Platzgummer |Sandro Platzgummer}}'''||{{flag|Austria}}||{{age nts|1997|3|10|2020|1|13}}<ref>https://recruit.thepodyum.com/recruits/3188</ref>||[[American Football|Football]]|| |[[New York Giants]]||[[Running back|Running Back]]||'''2020''' – assigned by NFL to roster as IPP (roster exempt)<ref name="2020 NFC East"/>
|-
| {{nts|26}}||'''{{sortname| Antoni | Podgórski |Antoni Podgórski|nolink=1}}'''||{{flag|Poland}}||[[TBC]]||[[American Football|Football]]|| – ||[[Wide Receiver]]|| –<ref name="2020 players"/>
|-
| {{nts|27}}||'''{{sortname| Bernhard | Seikovits |Bernhard Seikovits}}'''||{{flag| Austria}}||[[TBC]]||[[American Football|Football]]|| – ||[[Tight End]]|| –<ref name="2020 players"/>
|-
| 28 || '''{{sortname| Aaron | Donkor | Aaron Donkor}}''' || {{flag|Germany}} || [[TBC]] || - || rowspan=11|2021||rowspan=11 |[[TBC]]|| - || - || –<ref name="2021 players">{{cite news |title=Eleven international players to compete for spot in 2021 NFL International Player Pathway Program |url=https://www.nfl.com/news/eleven-international-players-to-compete-for-spot-in-2021-nfl-international-playe |date=December 30, 2020 |access-date=February 10, 2021}}</ref>
|-
| 29 || '''{{sortname| Taku | Lee | Taku Lee}}''' || {{flag|Japan}} || [[TBC]] || - || - || - || –<ref name="2021 players"/>
|-
| 30 || '''{{sortname| Yoann | Miangue | Yoann Miangue}}''' || {{flag|France}} || [[TBC]] || - || - || - || –<ref name="2021 players"/>
|-
| 31 || '''{{sortname| Leonel | Misangumukini | Leonel Misangumukini}}''' || {{flag|Austria}} || [[TBC]] || - || - || - || –<ref name="2021 players"/>
|-
| 32 || '''{{sortname| Adedayo | Odeleye | Adedayo Odeleye}}''' || {{flag|UK}} || [[TBC]] || - || - || - || –<ref name="2021 players"/>
|-
| 33 || '''{{sortname| Ayo | Oyelola | Ayo Oyelola}}''' || {{flag|UK}} || [[TBC]] || - || - || - || –<ref name="2021 players"/>
|-
| 34 || '''{{sortname| Maximilian | Pircher | Max Pircher}}''' || {{flag|Italy}} || [[TBC]] || [[American Football|Football]] || - || [[Offensive lineman]] || –<ref name="2021 players"/>
|-
| 35 || '''{{sortname| Sammis | Reyes | Sammis Reyes}}''' || {{flag|Chile}} || [[TBC]] || - || - || - || –<ref name="2021 players"/>
|-
| {{nts|27}} || '''{{sortname| Bernhard | Seikovits | Bernhard Seikovits}}''' || {{flag|Austria}} || [[TBC]] || [[American Football|Football]]|| – ||[[Tight end]] || –<ref name="2021 players"/><ref>https://www.americanfootballinternational.com/bernhard-seikovits-another-chance-at-his-nfl-dream/</ref>
|-
| 37 || '''{{sortname| Lone | Toailoa | Lone Toailoa}}''' || {{flag|New Zealand}} || {{age nts|1995|4|22|2021|1|28}}<ref>https://calbears.com/sports/football/roster/lone-toailoa/14232</ref> || [[Rugby Union]], [[American Football|Football]] || - || [[Defensive end]] || –<ref name="2021 players"/>
|-
| 38 || '''{{sortname| Alfredo | Gutierrez | Alfredo Gutierrez (american football)}}''' || {{flag|Mexico}} || [[TBC]] || - || - || - || –<ref name="2021 players"/>
|}

==See also==
* [[Foreign players in the National Football League]]

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{NFL}}

[[Category:National Football League]]

2020 Indianapolis Colts season

2021-01-09T15:04:54Z

Willy3198:

{{short description|68th season in franchise history}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=October 2020}}
{{Infobox NFL season
| team = Indianapolis Colts
| logo =
| year = 2020
| record = 11–5
| division_place = 2nd [[AFC South]]
| coach = [[Frank Reich]]
| owner = [[Jim Irsay]]
| general manager = [[Chris Ballard (American football)|Chris Ballard]]
| stadium = [[Lucas Oil Stadium]]
| playoffs = TBD [[2020–21 NFL playoffs|Wild Card Playoffs]] (at [[2020 Buffalo Bills season|Bills]])
| pro bowlers = C [[Ryan Kelly (American football)|Ryan Kelly]] G [[Quenton Nelson]] OLB [[Darius Leonard]]
|AP All-pros=G [[Quenton Nelson]]'' (1st team)'' DT [[DeForest Buckner]]'' (1st team)'' LB [[Darius Leonard]]'' (1st team)'' ST [[George Odum]]'' (1st team)'' C [[Ryan Kelly]] '' (2nd team)'' LS [[Luke Rhodes]] '' (2nd team)''
| uniform = [[File:Colts football uniforms.png|180px]]
| shortnavlink = Colts seasons
}}
The [[2020 NFL season|2020 season]] is the [[Indianapolis Colts]]' 68th in the [[National Football League]] and their 37th in [[Indianapolis]]. It will also be their third season under [[List of Indianapolis Colts head coaches|head coach]] [[Frank Reich]] and fourth under the leadership of general manager [[Chris Ballard (American football)|Chris Ballard]]. Long-time [[Los Angeles Chargers|San Diego/Los Angeles Chargers]] quarterback [[Philip Rivers]] signed a one-year contract worth $25 million on March 17, 2020 to take over as the team's starting quarterback, reuniting him with Frank Reich, who served as quarterbacks coach for the Chargers during the [[2013 San Diego Chargers season|2013 season]].

The Colts improved upon their [[2019 Indianapolis Colts season|7–9 season]] from the previous year with a Week 13 win over the [[Houston Texans]] and returned to the playoffs as a Wild Card. The Colts finished tied with the [[2020 Tennessee Titans season|Tennessee Titans]] for the [[AFC South]] division title, with an 11–5 record, but lost the tiebreaker based on record vs. division opponents (5–1 to 4–2).
{{TOC limit|3}}

==Draft==
{{main|2020 NFL Draft}}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|+ style="{{NFLPrimaryStyle|Indianapolis Colts|year=2020|border=2}}"| 2020 Indianapolis Colts Draft
|-
! Round !! Selection !! Player !! Position !! College !! Notes
|-

|-
! rowspan=2| 2 || 34
| [[Michael Pittman Jr.]] || [[Wide receiver|WR]] || [[2019 USC Trojans football team|USC]] || from [[2020 Washington Football Team season|Washington Redskins]]
|-
! 41
| [[Jonathan Taylor (American football)|Jonathan Taylor]] || [[Running back|RB]] || [[2019 Wisconsin Badgers football team|Wisconsin]] || from [[2020 Cleveland Browns season|Cleveland Browns]]
|-
! 3 || 85
| [[Julian Blackmon]] || [[Safety (gridiron football position)|S]] || [[2019 Utah Utes football team|Utah]] || from [[2020 Philadelphia Eagles season|Philadelphia Eagles]] via [[2020 Detroit Lions season|Detroit Lions]]
|-
! 4 || 122
| [[Jacob Eason]] || [[Quarterback|QB]] || [[2019 Washington Huskies football team|Washington]] || 
|-
! 5 || 149
| [[Danny Pinter]] || [[Guard (American football)|G]] || [[2019 Ball State Cardinals football team|Ball State]] || from Detroit Lions
|-
! rowspan=4| 6 || 193
| [[Robert Windsor (American football)|Robert Windsor]] || [[Defensive tackle|DT]] || [[2019 Penn State Nittany Lions football team|Penn State]] || 
|-
! 211
| [[Isaiah Rodgers]] || [[Cornerback|CB]] || [[2019 UMass Minutemen football team|UMass]] || from [[2020 New York Jets season|New York Jets]] via [[2020 Kansas City Chiefs season|Kansas City Chiefs]]
|-
! 212
| [[Dezmon Patmon]] || [[Wide receiver|WR]] || [[2019 Washington State Cougars football team|Washington State]] || from [[2020 New England Patriots season|New England Patriots]]
|-
! 213
| [[Jordan Glasgow]] || [[Linebacker|LB]] || [[2019 Michigan Wolverines football team|Michigan]] || from New England Patriots
|}

==Staff==
{{Indianapolis Colts staff}}

==Current roster==
{{Indianapolis Colts roster}}

==Preseason==
The Colts' preseason schedule was announced on May 7, but was later cancelled due to the [[COVID-19 pandemic]].<ref name="NFLScheduleCOVID-19">{{cite news |last=Shook |first=Nick |title=Roger Goodell writes letter to NFL fans as training camps start across U.S. |url=https://www.nfl.com/news/roger-goodell-letter-nfl-fans-training-camps |work=NFL |date=July 27, 2020 |accessdate=July 27, 2020}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!style="{{NFLPrimaryStyle|Indianapolis Colts|year=2020|border=2}}"| Week
!style="{{NFLPrimaryStyle|Indianapolis Colts|year=2020|border=2}}"| Date
!style="{{NFLPrimaryStyle|Indianapolis Colts|year=2020|border=2}}"| Opponent
!style="{{NFLPrimaryStyle|Indianapolis Colts|year=2020|border=2}}"| Venue
!style="{{NFLPrimaryStyle|Indianapolis Colts|year=2020|border=2}}"| Result
|-style="background:#bababa"
! 1
| {{dow tooltip|August 13, 2020}}
| [[2020 Philadelphia Eagles season|Philadelphia Eagles]]
| [[Lucas Oil Stadium]]
| rowspan=4| '''''Cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic'''''
|-style="background:#bababa"
! 2
| {{dow tooltip|August 24, 2020}}
| [[2020 Washington Football Team season|Washington Football Team]]
| Lucas Oil Stadium
|-style="background:#bababa"
! 3
| {{dow tooltip|August 29, 2020}}
| at [[2020 Buffalo Bills season|Buffalo Bills]]
| [[New Era Field]]
|-style="background:#bababa"
! 4
| {{dow tooltip|September 3, 2020}}
| at [[2020 Cincinnati Bengals season|Cincinnati Bengals]]
| [[Paul Brown Stadium]]
|}

==Regular season==
===Schedule===
The Colts' [[2020 NFL season|2020]] schedule was announced on May 7.<ref name="NFLScheduleCOVID-19"/>
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!style="{{NFLPrimaryStyle|Indianapolis Colts|year=2020|border=2}}"| Week
!style="{{NFLPrimaryStyle|Indianapolis Colts|year=2020|border=2}}"| Date
!style="{{NFLPrimaryStyle|Indianapolis Colts|year=2020|border=2}}"| Opponent
!style="{{NFLPrimaryStyle|Indianapolis Colts|year=2020|border=2}}"| Result
!style="{{NFLPrimaryStyle|Indianapolis Colts|year=2020|border=2}}"| Record
!style="{{NFLPrimaryStyle|Indianapolis Colts|year=2020|border=2}}"| Venue
!style="{{NFLPrimaryStyle|Indianapolis Colts|year=2020|border=2}}"| Recap
|-style="background:#fcc"
! [[#Week 1: at Jacksonville Jaguars|1]]
| September 13
| at '''[[2020 Jacksonville Jaguars season|Jacksonville Jaguars]]'''
| '''L''' 20–27
| 0–1
| [[TIAA Bank Field]]
| [https://www.nfl.com/games/colts-at-jaguars-2020-reg-1 Recap]
|-style="background:#cfc"
! [[#Week 2: vs. Minnesota Vikings|2]]
| September 20
| [[2020 Minnesota Vikings season|Minnesota Vikings]]
| '''W''' 28–11
| 1–1
| [[Lucas Oil Stadium]]
| [https://www.nfl.com/games/vikings-at-colts-2020-reg-2 Recap]
|-style="background:#cfc"
! [[#Week 3: vs. New York Jets|3]]
| September 27
| [[2020 New York Jets season|New York Jets]]
| '''W''' 36–7
| 2–1
| Lucas Oil Stadium
| [https://www.nfl.com/games/jets-at-colts-2020-reg-3 Recap]
|-style="background:#cfc"
! [[#Week 4: at Chicago Bears|4]]
| October 4
| at [[2020 Chicago Bears season|Chicago Bears]]
| '''W''' 19–11
| 3–1
| [[Soldier Field]]
| [https://www.nfl.com/games/colts-at-bears-2020-reg-4-x4464 Recap]
|-style="background:#fcc"
! [[#Week 5: at Cleveland Browns|5]]
| October 11
| at [[2020 Cleveland Browns season|Cleveland Browns]]
| '''L''' 23–32
| 3–2
| [[FirstEnergy Stadium]]
| [https://www.nfl.com/games/colts-at-browns-2020-reg-5 Recap]
|-style="background:#cfc"
! [[#Week 6: vs. Cincinnati Bengals|6]]
| October 18
| [[2020 Cincinnati Bengals season|Cincinnati Bengals]]
| '''W''' 31–27
| 4–2
| Lucas Oil Stadium
| [https://www.nfl.com/games/bengals-at-colts-2020-reg-6 Recap]
|-
! 7
| colspan="6" | ''[[Bye (sports)|Bye]]''
|-style="background:#cfc"
! [[#Week 8: at Detroit Lions|8]]
| November 1
| at [[2020 Detroit Lions season|Detroit Lions]]
| '''W''' 41–21
| 5–2
| [[Ford Field]]
| [https://www.nfl.com/games/colts-at-lions-2020-reg-8 Recap]
|-style="background:#fcc"
! [[#Week 9: vs. Baltimore Ravens|9]]
| November 8
| [[2020 Baltimore Ravens season|Baltimore Ravens]]
| '''L''' 10–24
| 5–3
| Lucas Oil Stadium
| [https://www.nfl.com/games/ravens-at-colts-2020-reg-9 Recap]
|-style="background:#cfc"
! [[#Week 10: at Tennessee Titans|10]]
| {{dow tooltip|November 12, 2020}}
| at '''[[2020 Tennessee Titans season|Tennessee Titans]]'''
| '''W''' 34–17
| 6–3
| [[Nissan Stadium]]
| [https://www.nfl.com/games/colts-at-titans-2020-reg-10 Recap]
|-style="background:#cfc"
! [[#Week 11: vs. Green Bay Packers|11]]
| November 22
| [[2020 Green Bay Packers season|Green Bay Packers]]
| '''W''' 34–31 {{small|(OT)}}
| 7–3
| Lucas Oil Stadium
| [https://www.nfl.com/games/packers-at-colts-2020-reg-11 Recap]
|-style="background:#fcc"
! [[#Week 12: vs. Tennessee Titans|12]]
| November 29
| '''[[2020 Tennessee Titans season|Tennessee Titans]]'''
| '''L''' 26–45
| 7–4
| Lucas Oil Stadium
| [https://www.nfl.com/games/titans-at-colts-2020-reg-12 Recap]
|-style="background:#cfc"
! [[#Week 13: at Houston Texans|13]]
| December 6
| at '''[[2020 Houston Texans season|Houston Texans]]'''
| '''W''' 26–20
| 8–4
| [[NRG Stadium]]
| [https://www.nfl.com/games/colts-at-texans-2020-reg-13 Recap]
|-style="background:#cfc"
! [[#Week 14: at Las Vegas Raiders|14]]
| December 13
| at [[2020 Las Vegas Raiders season|Las Vegas Raiders]]'''
| '''W''' 44–27
| 9–4
| [[Allegiant Stadium]]
| [https://www.nfl.com/games/colts-at-raiders-2020-reg-14 Recap]
|-style="background:#cfc"
! [[#Week 15: vs. Houston Texans|15]]
| December 20
| '''[[2020 Houston Texans season|Houston Texans]]'''
| '''W''' 27–20
| 10–4
| Lucas Oil Stadium
| [https://www.nfl.com/games/texans-at-colts-2020-reg-15 Recap]
|-style="background:#fcc"
! [[#Week 16: at Pittsburgh Steelers|16]]
| December 27
| at [[2020 Pittsburgh Steelers season|Pittsburgh Steelers]]
| '''L''' 24–28
| 10–5
| [[Heinz Field]]
| [https://www.nfl.com/games/colts-at-steelers-2020-reg-16 Recap]
|-style="background:#cfc"
! [[#Week 17: vs. Jacksonville Jaguars|17]]
| January 3
| '''[[2020 Jacksonville Jaguars season|Jacksonville Jaguars]]'''
| '''W''' 28–14
| 11–5
| Lucas Oil Stadium
| [https://www.nfl.com/games/jaguars-at-colts-2020-reg-17 Recap]
|}
'''Note:''' Intra-division opponents are in '''bold''' text.

===Game summaries===
====Week 1: at Jacksonville Jaguars====
{{Americanfootballbox
|titlestyle={{NFLPrimaryStyle|Indianapolis Colts|year=2020|border=2}};text-align:center;
|state=autocollapse
|title=Week 1: Indianapolis Colts at Jacksonville Jaguars – Game summary
|date=September 13
|time=1:00 p.m. [[Eastern Time Zone|EDT]]
|road=Colts
|R1=7|R2=10|R3=0|R4=3
|home='''Jaguars'''
|H1=0|H2=14|H3=3|H4=10
|stadium=[[TIAA Bank Field]], [[Jacksonville, Florida]]
|attendance=14,100
|weather=Partly cloudy, {{convert|80|F|C}}
|referee=[[John Hussey (American football official)|John Hussey]]
|TV=[[NFL on CBS|CBS]]
|TVAnnouncers=[[Spero Dedes]] and [[Adam Archuleta]]
|reference=[https://www.nfl.com/games/colts-at-jaguars-2020-reg-1 Recap], [https://nflcdns.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/58174/JAX_Gamebook.pdf Game Book]
|scoring=
'''First quarter'''
*IND – [[Nyheim Hines]] 12-yard run ([[Rodrigo Blankenship]] kick), 11:42. ''Colts 7–0. '''Drive: 7 plays, 63 yards, 3:18.'''''
'''Second quarter'''
*JAX – [[D. J. Chark]] 6-yard pass from [[Gardner Minshew]] ([[Josh Lambo]] kick), 10:42. ''Tied 7–7. '''Drive: 4 plays, 27 yards, 2:08.'''''
*IND - Nyheim Hines 8-yard pass from [[Philip Rivers]] (Rodrigo Blankenship kick), 4:45. ''Colts 14–7. '''Drive: 11 plays, 75 yards, 5:57.'''''
*JAX – [[Laviska Shenault]] 15-yard pass from Gardner Minshew (Josh Lambo kick), 1:38. ''Tied 14–14. '''Drive: 9 plays, 75 yards, 3:07.'''''
*IND - Rodrigo Blankenship 38-yard field goal, 0:05. ''Colts 17–14. '''Drive: 7 plays, 47 yards, 1:33.'''''
'''Third quarter'''
*JAX – Josh Lambo 50-yard field goal, 3:30. ''Tied 17–17. '''Drive: 7 plays, 18 yards, 4:12.'''''
*IND - Rodrigo Blankenship 25-yard field goal, 9:39. ''Colts 20–17. '''Drive: 14 plays, 71 yards, 8:51.'''''
'''Fourth quarter'''
*JAX – [[Keelan Cole]] 22-yard pass from Gardner Minshew (Josh Lambo kick), 5:56. ''Jaguars 24–20. '''Drive: 6 plays, 60 yards, 3:43.'''''
*JAX – Josh Lambo 46-yard field goal, 2:50. ''Jaguars 27–20. '''Drive: 4 plays, 3 yards, 1:34.'''''
|stats=
'''Top passers'''
*IND – [[Philip Rivers]] – 36/46, 363 yards, TD, 2 INT
*JAX – [[Gardner Minshew]] – 19/20, 173 yards, 3 TD
'''Top rushers'''
*IND – [[Nyheim Hines]] – 7 rushes, 28 yards, TD
*JAX – [[James Robinson (running back)|James Robinson]] – 16 rushes, 62 yards
'''Top receivers'''
*IND – [[Parris Campbell]] – 6 receptions, 71 yards
*JAX – [[Keelan Cole]] – 5 receptions, 47 yards, TD
}}
The Colts failed to win in Week 1 for the seventh consecutive season, dating back to 2014. In addition, they also suffered their sixth consecutive road loss to the Jaguars. This was the Jaguars only win of the season.

====Week 2: vs. Minnesota Vikings====
{{Americanfootballbox
|titlestyle={{NFLPrimaryStyle|Indianapolis Colts|year=2020|border=2}};text-align:center;
|state=autocollapse
|title=Week 2: Minnesota Vikings at Indianapolis Colts – Game summary
|date=September 20
|time=1:00 p.m. EDT
|road=Vikings
|R1=3|R2=0|R3=0|R4=8
|home='''Colts'''
|H1=0|H2=15|H3=3|H4=10
|stadium=[[Lucas Oil Stadium]], [[Indianapolis, Indiana]]
|attendance=2,500
|weather=Sunny, {{convert|65|F|C}} ([[retractable roof]] open)
|referee=[[Alex Kemp (American football official)|Alex Kemp]]
|TV=[[Fox NFL|Fox]]
|TVAnnouncers=[[Tim Brando]], [[Robert Smith (running back)|Robert Smith]] and [[Sarah Kustok]]
|reference=[https://www.nfl.com/games/vikings-at-colts-2020-reg-2 Preview], [https://nflcdns.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/58188/IND_Gamebook.pdf Game Book]
|scoring=
'''First quarter'''
*MIN – [[Dan Bailey (American football)|Dan Bailey]] 21-yard field goal, 9:01. ''Vikings 3–0. '''Drive: 13 plays, 75 yards, 5:59.'''''
'''Second quarter'''
*IND – [[Jonathan Taylor (American football)|Jonathan Taylor]] 5-yard run ([[Rodrigo Blankenship]] kick), 11:45. ''Colts 7–3. '''Drive: 4 plays, 35 yards, 1:29.'''''
*IND – [[Kirk Cousins]] sacked in endzone by [[DeForest Buckner]] for a safety, 4:54. ''Colts 9–3.''
*IND – Rodrigo Blankenship 28-yard field goal, 1:10. ''Colts 12–3. '''Drive: 8 plays, 58 yards, 3:44.'''''
*IND – Rodrigo Blankenship 38-yard field goal, 0:24. ''Colts 15–3. '''Drive: 4 plays, 9 yards, 0:21.'''''
'''Third quarter'''
*IND – Rodrigo Blankenship 38-yard field goal, 9:27. ''Colts 18–3. '''Drive: 4 plays, 2 yards, 1:26.'''''
'''Fourth quarter'''
*IND – [[Zach Pascal]] 2-yard pass from [[Philip Rivers]] (Rodrigo Blankenship kick), 14:00. ''Colts 25–3. '''Drive: 10 plays, 65 yards, 6:25.'''''
*IND – Rodrigo Blankenship 44-yard field goal, 8:47. ''Colts 28–3. '''Drive: 6 plays, 36 yards, 3:43.'''''
*MIN – [[Dalvin Cook]] 3-yard run (Dalvin Cook run), 5:20. ''Colts 28–11. '''Drive: 8 plays, 75 yards, 3:27.'''''
|stats=
'''Top passers'''
*MIN – [[Kirk Cousins]] – 11/26, 113 yards, 3 INT
*IND – [[Philip Rivers]] – 19/25, 214 yards, TD, INT
'''Top rushers'''
*MIN – [[Dalvin Cook]] – 14 rushes, 63 yards, TD
*IND – [[Jonathan Taylor (American football)|Jonathan Taylor]] – 26 rushes, 101 yards, TD
'''Top receivers'''
*MIN – [[Justin Jefferson]] – 3 receptions, 44 yards
*IND – [[Mo Alie-Cox]] – 5 receptions, 111 yards, TD, INT
}}
This game marked the team's 300th home win in franchise history. Vikings QB [[Kirk Cousins]] struggled immensely, throwing 3 interceptions, just 113 yards and 11 completions on 26 attempts, and a passer rating of 15.9

====Week 3: vs. New York Jets====
{{Americanfootballbox
|titlestyle={{NFLPrimaryStyle|Indianapolis Colts|year=2020|border=2}};text-align:center;
|state=autocollapse
|title=Week 3: New York Jets at Indianapolis Colts – Game summary
|date=September 27
|time=4:05 p.m. EDT
|road=Jets
|R1=7|R2=0|R3=0|R4=0
|home='''Colts'''
|H1=7|H2=10|H3=14|H4=5
|stadium=Lucas Oil Stadium, Indianapolis, Indiana
|attendance=7,480
|weather=Sunny, {{convert|79|F|C}} (retractable roof open)
|referee=[[Craig Wrolstad]]
|TV=CBS
|TVAnnouncers=[[Kevin Harlan]], [[Trent Green]] and [[Melanie Collins]]
|reference=[https://www.nfl.com/games/jets-at-colts-2020-reg-3 Recap], [https://nflcdns.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/58209/IND_Gamebook.pdf Game Book]
|scoring=
'''First quarter'''
*IND – [[Xavier Rhodes]] 44-yard interception return ([[Rodrigo Blankenship]] kick), 12:25. ''Colts 7–0.''
*NYJ – [[Braxton Berrios]] 16-yard pass from [[Sam Darnold]] ([[Sam Ficken]] kick), 5:12. ''Tied 7–7. '''Drive: 14 plays, 88 yards, 7:13.'''''
'''Second quarter'''
*IND – [[Mo Alie-Cox]] 1-yard pass from [[Philip Rivers]] (Rodrigo Blankenship kick), 14:13. ''Colts 14–7. '''Drive: 11 plays, 75 yards, 5:59.'''''
*IND – Rodrigo Blankenship 42-yard field goal, 8:38. ''Colts 17–7. '''Drive: 6 plays, 53 yards, 2:51.'''''
'''Third quarter'''
*IND – [[Jonathan Taylor (American football)|Jonathan Taylor]] 1-yard run (Rodrigo Blankenship kick), 5:21. ''Colts 24–7. '''Drive: 10 plays, 55 yards, 5:07.'''''
*IND – [[T. J. Carrie]] 44-yard interception return (Rodrigo Blankenship kick), 0:00. ''Colts 31–7.''
'''Fourth quarter'''
*IND – Sam Darnold sacked in end zone by [[Justin Houston]] for a safety, 4:50. ''Colts 33–7.''
*IND – Rodrigo Blankenship 41-yard field goal, 2:04. ''Colts 36–7. '''Drive: 5 plays, 33 yards, 2:46.'''''
|stats=
'''Top passers'''
*NYJ – [[Sam Darnold]] – 17/29, 168 yards, TD, 3 INT
*IND – [[Philip Rivers]] – 17/21, 217 yards, TD
'''Top rushers'''
*NYJ – [[Frank Gore]] – 15 rushes, 57 yards
*IND – [[Jonathan Taylor (American football)|Jonathan Taylor]] – 13 rushes, 59 yards, TD
'''Top passers'''
*NYJ – [[Braxton Berrios]] – 4 receptions, 64 yards, TD
*IND – [[T. Y. Hilton]] – 3 receptions, 52 yards
}}

[[Philip Rivers]] reached 400 touchdowns and 60,000 passing yards for his career. [[Sam Darnold]] threw three interceptions, two of which were returned for touchdowns by Colts defensive backs, and was sacked in the end zone for a safety.

====Week 4: at Chicago Bears====
{{Americanfootballbox
|titlestyle={{NFLPrimaryStyle|Indianapolis Colts|year=2020|border=2}};text-align:center;
|state=autocollapse
|title=Week 4: Indianapolis Colts at Chicago Bears – Game summary
|date=October 4
|time=4:25 p.m. EDT/3:25 p.m. [[Central Time Zone|CDT]]
|road='''Colts'''
|R1=7|R2=6|R3=3|R4=3
|home=Bears
|H1=0|H2=3|H3=0|H4=8
|stadium=[[Soldier Field]], [[Chicago, Illinois]]
|attendance=0
|weather=Partly cloudy, {{convert|52|F|C}}
|referee=Craig Wrolstad
|TV=CBS
|TVAnnouncers=[[Greg Gumbel]], [[Rich Gannon]] and Amanda Balionis
|reference=[https://www.nfl.com/games/colts-at-bears-2020-reg-4-x4464 Recap], [https://nflcdns.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/58218/CHI_Gamebook.pdf Game Book]
|scoring=
'''First quarter'''
*IND – [[Mo Alie-Cox]] 13-yard pass from [[Philip Rivers]] ([[Rodrigo Blankenship]] kick), 8:08. ''Colts 7–0. '''Drive: 6 plays, 53 yards, 3:35.'''''
'''Second quarter'''
*CHI – [[Cairo Santos]] 27-yard field goal, 9:24. ''Colts 7–3. '''Drive: 9 plays, 84 yards, 4:55.'''''
*IND – Rodrigo Blankenship 21-yard field goal, 3:47. ''Colts 10–3. '''Drive: 14 plays, 67 yards, 5:37.'''''
*IND – Rodrigo Blankenship 30-yard field goal, 0:06. ''Colts 13–3. '''Drive: 8 plays, 43 yards, 1:59.'''''
'''Third quarter'''
*IND – Rodrigo Blankenship 44-yard field goal, 0:55. ''Colts 16–3. '''Drive: 10 plays, 54 yards, 5:11.'''''
'''Fourth quarter'''
*IND – Rodrigo Blankenship 30-yard field goal, 3:47. ''Colts 19–3. '''Drive: 13 plays, 66 yards, 7:12.'''''
*CHI – [[Allen Robinson]] 16-yard pass from [[Nick Foles]] ([[David Montgomery (American football)|David Montgomery]] run), 1:35. ''Colts 19–11. '''Drive: 8 plays, 90 yards, 2:12.'''''
|stats=
'''Top passers'''
*IND – [[Philip Rivers]] – 16/29, 190 yards, TD
*CHI – [[Nick Foles]] – 26/42, 249 yards, TD, INT
'''Top passers'''
*IND – [[Jonathan Taylor (American football)|Jonathan Taylor]] – 17 rushes, 68 yards
*CHI – [[David Montgomery (American football)|David Montgomery]] – 10 rushes, 27 yards
'''Top passers'''
*IND – [[Zach Pascal]] – 3 receptions, 58 yards
*CHI – [[Allen Robinson]] – 7 receptions, 101 yards, TD
}}

====Week 5: at Cleveland Browns====
{{Americanfootballbox
|titlestyle={{NFLPrimaryStyle|Indianapolis Colts|year=2020|border=2}};text-align:center;
|state=autocollapse
|title=Week 5: Indianapolis Colts at Cleveland Browns – Game summary
|date=October 11
|time=4:25 p.m. EDT
|road=Colts
|R1=7|R2=3|R3=10|R4=3
|home='''Browns'''
|H1=3|H2=17|H3=7|H4=5
|stadium=[[FirstEnergy Stadium]], [[Cleveland, Ohio]]
|attendance=11,759
|weather=Sunny, {{convert|64|F|C}}
|referee=[[Scott Novak]]
|TV=CBS
|TVAnnouncers=[[Spero Dedes]] and [[Adam Archuleta]]
|reference=[https://www.nfl.com/games/colts-at-browns-2020-reg-5 Recap], [https://nflcdns.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/58243/CLE_Gamebook.pdf Game Book]
|scoring=
'''First quarter'''
*CLE – [[Cody Parkey]] 24-yard field goal, 10:24. ''Colts 3–0. '''Drive: 10 plays, 69 yards, 4:36.'''''
*IND – [[Jonathan Taylor (American football)|Jonathan Taylor]] 4-yard run ([[Rodrigo Blankenship]] kick), 6:00. ''Colts 7–3. '''Drive: 9 plays, 72 yards, 4:24.'''''
'''Second quarter'''
*CLE – [[Kareem Hunt]] 2-yard pass from [[Baker Mayfield]] (Cody Parkey kick), 14:06. ''Browns 10–7. '''Drive: 14 plays, 81 yards, 6:54.'''''
*IND – Rodrigo Blankenship 32-yard field goal, 10:15. ''Tied 10–10. '''Drive: 7 plays, 61 yards, 3:51.'''''
*CLE – [[Rashard Higgins]] 15-yard pass from Baker Mayfield (Cody Parkey kick), 5:58. ''Browns 17–10. '''Drive: 9 plays, 75 yards, 4:17.'''''
*CLE – Cody Parker 36-yard field goal, 0:13. ''Browns 20–10. '''Drive: 12 plays, 64 yards, 4:00.'''''
'''Third quarter'''
*CLE – [[Ronnie Harrison]] 47-yard interception return (Cody Parker kick), 12:15. ''Browns 27–10.''
*IND – [[Isaiah Rodgers]] 101-yard kickoff return (Rodrigo Blankenship kick), 12:00. ''Browns 27–17.''
*IND – Rodrigo Blankenship 37-yard field goal, 3:58. ''Browns 27–20. '''Drive: 10 plays, 29 yards, 5:15.'''''
'''Fourth quarter'''
*CLE – Penalty on [[Philip Rivers]] enforced in end zone for a Safety, 14:39. ''Browns 29–20.''
*IND – Rodrigo Blankenship 25-yard field goal, 2:50. ''Browns 29–23. '''Drive: 12 plays, 63 yards, 4:15.'''''
*CLE – Cody Parkey 46-yard field goal, 0:21. ''Browns 32–23. '''Drive: 8 plays, 40 yards, 2:29.'''''
|stats=
'''Top passers'''
*IND – [[Philip Rivers]] – 21/33, 243 yards, 2 INT
*CLE – [[Baker Mayfield]] – 21/37, 247 yards, 2 TD, 2 INT
'''Top rushers'''
*IND – [[Jonathan Taylor (American football)|Jonathan Taylor]] – 12 rushes, 57 yards, TD
*CLE – [[Kareem Hunt]] – 20 rushes, 72 yards
'''Top receivers'''
*IND – [[T. Y. Hilton]] – 6 receptions, 69 yards
*CLE – [[Jarvis Landry]] – 4 receptions, 88 yards
}}

====Week 6: vs. Cincinnati Bengals====
{{Americanfootballbox
|titlestyle={{NFLPrimaryStyle|Indianapolis Colts|year=2020|border=2}};text-align:center;
|state=autocollapse
|title=Week 6: Cincinnati Bengals at Indianapolis Colts – Game summary
|date=October 18
|time=1:00 p.m. EDT
|road=Bengals
|R1=14|R2=10|R3=3|R4=0
|home='''Colts'''
|H1=0|H2=21|H3=0|H4=10
|stadium=Lucas Oil Stadium, Indianapolis, Indiana
|attendance=12,453
|weather=Cloudy, {{convert|57|F|C}} (retractable roof open)
|referee=[[Land Clark]]
|TV=Fox
|TVAnnouncers=[[Kevin Kugler]], [[Chris Spielman]] and [[Laura Okmin]]
|reference=[https://www.nfl.com/games/bengals-at-colts-2020-reg-6 Recap], [https://nflcdns.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/58249/IND_Gamebook.pdf Game Book]
|scoring=
'''First quarter'''
*CIN – [[Giovani Bernard]] 2-yard run ([[Randy Bullock]] kick), 11:17. ''Bengals 7–0. '''Drive: 7 plays, 43 yards, 2:48.'''''
*CIN – [[Joe Burrow]] 2-yard run (Randy Bullock kick), 3:18. ''Bengals 14–0. '''Drive: 12 plays, 78 yards, 5:59.'''''
'''Second quarter'''
*CIN – [[Joe Mixon]] 7-yard run (Randy Bullock kick), 14:56. ''Bengals 21–0. '''Drive: 4 plays, 70 yards, 1:49.'''''
*IND – [[Trey Burton]] 1-yard run ([[Rodrigo Blankenship]] kick), 12:18. ''Bengals 21–7. '''Drive: 7 plays, 87 yards, 2:38.'''''
*CIN – Randy Bullock 47-yard field goal, 8:04. ''Bengals 24–7. '''Drive: 9 plays, 46 yards, 4:14.'''''
*IND – Trey Burton 10-yard pass from [[Philip Rivers]] (Rodrigo Blankenship kick), 4:38. ''Bengals 24–14. '''Drive: 9 plays, 75 yards, 3:26.'''''
*IND – [[Zach Pascal]] 17-yard pass from Philip Rivers (Rodrigo Blankenship kick), 0:15. ''Bengals 24–21. '''Drive: 9 plays, 72 yards, 2:43.'''''
'''Third quarter'''
*CIN – Randy Bullock 55-yard field goal, 3:32. ''Bengals 27–21. '''Drive: 13 plays, 62 yards, 6:03.'''''
'''Fourth quarter'''
*IND – [[Jack Doyle (American football)|Jack Doyle]] 14-yard pass from Philip Rivers (Rodrigo Blankenship kick), 14:55. ''Colts 28–27. '''Drive: 7 plays, 75 yards, 3:37.'''''
*IND – Rodrigo Blankenship 40-yard field goal, 4:03. ''Colts 31–27. '''Drive: 10 plays, 40 yards, 3:59.'''''
|stats=
'''Top passers'''
*CIN – [[Joe Burrow]] – 25/39, 313 yards, INT
*IND – [[Philip Rivers]] – 29/44, 371 yards, 3 TD, INT
'''Top rushers'''
*CIN – [[Joe Mixon]] – 18 rushes, 54 yards, TD
*IND – [[Jonathan Taylor (American football)|Jonathan Taylor]] – 12 rushes, 60 yards
'''Top receivers'''
*CIN – [[Tee Higgins]] – 6 receptions, 125 yards
*IND – [[Marcus Johnson (wide receiver)|Marcus Johnson]] – 5 receptions, 108 yards
}}
After trailing 0–21 in the second quarter, the Colts outscored the Bengals 31–6 to improve to 4–2 entering their bye week. The 21-point deficit is the largest comeback in a home regular season game in franchise history. It was also [[Philip Rivers]]' largest comeback win since [[2006 San Diego Chargers season|2006]], coincidentally also against the Bengals, also Rivers' first year as a starting quarterback.

====Week 8: at Detroit Lions====
{{Americanfootballbox
|titlestyle={{NFLPrimaryStyle|Indianapolis Colts|year=2020|border=2}};text-align:center;
|state=autocollapse
|title=Week 8: Indianapolis Colts at Detroit Lions – Game summary
|date=November 1
|time=1:00 p.m. EST
|road='''Colts'''
|R1=0|R2=20|R3=0|R4=21
|home=Lions
|H1=7|H2=0|H3=7|H4=7
|stadium=[[Ford Field]], [[Detroit, Michigan]]
|attendance=500
|weather=None (indoor stadium)
|referee=[[Clay Martin]]
|TV=CBS
|TVAnnouncers=[[Andrew Catalon]], [[James Lofton]] and [[Michael Grady]]
|reference=[https://www.nfl.com/games/colts-at-lions-2020-reg-8 Recap], [https://nflcdns.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/58279/DET_Gamebook.pdf Game Book]
|scoring=
'''First quarter'''
*DET – [[Marvin Jones (wide receiver)|Marvin Jones]] 25-yard pass from [[Matthew Stafford]] ([[Matt Prater]] kick), 5:42. ''Lions 7–0. '''Drive: 2 plays, 32 yards, 0:37.'''''
'''Second quarter'''
*IND – [[Nyheim Hines]] 22-yard pass from [[Philip Rivers]] ([[Rodrigo Blankenship]] kick), 11:10. ''Tied 7–7. '''Drive: 4 plays, 61 yards, 2:13.'''''
*IND – [[Jack Doyle (American football)|Jack Doyle]] 7-yard pass from Philip Rivers (Rodrigo Blankenship kick), 5:32. ''Colts 14–7. '''Drive: 10 plays, 73 yards, 3:49.'''''
*IND – Nyheim Hines 29-yard pass from Philip Rivers (kick failed), 0:56. ''Colts 20–7. '''Drive: 6 plays, 48 yards, 2:50.'''''
'''Third quarter'''
*DET – [[Kerryon Johnson]] 9-yard pass from Matthew Stafford (Matt Prater kick), 11:08. ''Colts 20–14. '''Drive: 8 plays, 68 yards, 3:52.'''''
'''Fourth quarter'''
*IND – [[Jordan Wilkins]] 1-yard run (Jordan Wilkins run), 13:34. ''Colts 28–14. '''Drive: 8 plays, 60 yards, 3:53.'''''
*IND – [[Kenny Moore (American football)|Kenny Moore]] 29-yard interception return (Rodrigo Blankenship kick), 13:26. ''Colts 35–14.''
*DET – Marvin Jones 4-yard pass from Matthew Stafford (Matt Prater kick), 12:15. ''Colts 35–21. '''Drive: 4 plays, 75 yards, 1:11.'''''
*IND – [[Trey Burton]] 2-yard run (kick failed), 7:01. ''Colts 41–21. '''Drive: 12 plays, 73 yards, 5:14.'''''
|stats=
'''Top passers'''
*IND – [[Philip Rivers]] – 23/33, 262 yards, 3 TD
*DET – [[Matthew Stafford]] – 24/42, 336 yards, 3 TD, INT
'''Top rushers'''
*IND – [[Jordan Wilkins]] – 20 rushes, 89 yards, TD
*DET – [[Jamal Agnew]] – 1 rush, 11 yards
'''Top receivers'''
*IND – [[Nyheim Hines]] – 3 receptions, 54 yards, 2 TD
*DET – [[Marvin Hall]] – 4 receptions, 113 yards
}}

====Week 9: vs. Baltimore Ravens====
{{Americanfootballbox
|titlestyle={{NFLPrimaryStyle|Indianapolis Colts|year=2020|border=2}};text-align:center;
|state=autocollapse
|title=Week 9: Baltimore Ravens at Indianapolis Colts – Game summary
|date=November 8
|time=1:00 p.m. EST
|road='''Ravens'''
|R1=7|R2=0|R3=7|R4=10
|home=Colts
|H1=7|H2=3|H3=0|H4=0
|stadium=Lucas Oil Stadium, Indianapolis, Indiana
|attendance=12,200
|weather=Sunny, {{convert|76|F|C}} (retractable roof open)
|referee=Adrian Hill
|TV=CBS
|TVAnnouncers=[[Ian Eagle]], [[Charles Davis (defensive back)|Charles Davis]] and [[Evan Washburn]]
|reference=[https://www.nfl.com/games/ravens-at-colts-2020-reg-9 Recap], [https://nflcdns.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/58291/IND_Gamebook.pdf Game Book]
|scoring=
'''First quarter'''
*IND – [[Jonathan Taylor (American football)|Jonathan Taylor]] 1-yard run ([[Rodrigo Blankenship]] kick), 5:33. ''Colts 7–0. '''Drive:8 plays, 65 yards, 4:41.'''''
*BAL – [[Chuck Clark]] 65-yard fumble return ([[Justin Tucker]] kick), 1:11. ''Tied 7–7.''
'''Second quarter'''
*IND – Rodrigo Blankenship 43-yard field goal, 0:45. ''Colts 10–7. '''Drive: 11 plays, 68 yards, 4:38.'''''
'''Third quarter'''
*BAL – [[Gus Edwards (American football)|Gus Edwards]] 1-yard run (Justin Tucker kick), 5:43. ''Ravens 14–10. '''Drive:10 plays, 54 yards, 5:15.'''''
'''Fourth quarter'''
*BAL – [[Lamar Jackson]] 9-yard run (Justin Tucker kick), 11:08. ''Ravens 21–10. '''Drive: 14 plays, 75 yards, 8:23.'''''
*BAL – Justin Tucker 48-yard field goal, 2:08. ''Ravens 24–10. '''Drive: 4 plays, 6 yards, 2:12.'''''
|stats=
'''Top passers'''
*BAL – Lamar Jackson – 19/23, 170 yards
*IND – [[Philip Rivers]] – 26/44, 227 yards, INT
'''Top rushers'''
*BAL – Lamar Jackson – 13 rushes, 58 yards, TD
*IND – [[Jordan Wilkins]] – 11 rushes, 39 yards
'''Top receivers'''
*BAL – [[Nick Boyle]] – 4 receptions, 46 yards
*IND – [[Michael Pittman Jr.]] – 4 receptions, 56 yards
}}

====Week 10: at Tennessee Titans====
{{Americanfootballbox
|titlestyle={{NFLPrimaryStyle|Indianapolis Colts|year=2020|border=2}};text-align:center;
|state=autocollapse
|title=Week 10: Indianapolis Colts at Tennessee Titans – Game summary
|date={{dow tooltip|November 12, 2020}}
|time=8:20 p.m. EST/7:20 p.m. CST
|road='''Colts'''
|R1=3|R2=10|R3=14|R4=7
|home=Titans
|H1=7|H2=10|H3=0|H4=0
|stadium=[[Nissan Stadium]], [[Nashville, Tennessee]]
|attendance=13,949
|weather=Clear, {{convert|56|F|C}}
|referee=[[Brad Allen]]
|TV=Fox/[[Thursday Night Football|NFLN]]/[[Prime Video|Amazon Prime]]
|TVAnnouncers=[[Joe Buck]], [[Troy Aikman]], [[Erin Andrews]] and Kristina Pink
|reference=[https://www.nfl.com/games/colts-at-titans-2020-reg-10 Recap], [https://nflcdns.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/58302/TEN_Gamebook.pdf Game Book]
|scoring=
'''First quarter'''
*TEN – [[D'Onta Foreman]] 5-yard pass from [[Ryan Tannehill]] ([[Stephen Gostkowski]] kick), 11:50. ''Titans 7–0. '''Drive: 6 plays, 67 yards, 3:10.'''''
*IND – [[Rodrigo Blankenship]] 24-yard field goal, 0:36. ''Titans 7–3. '''Drive: 11 plays, 69 yards, 4:30.'''''
'''Second Quarter'''
*TEN – Stephen Gostkowski 50-yard field goal, 11:12. ''Titans 10–3. '''Drive: 8 plays, 43 yards, 4:24.'''''
*IND – [[Nyheim Hines]] 13-yard pass from [[Philip Rivers]] (Rodrigo Blankenship kick), 7:49. ''Tied 10–10. '''Drive: 8 plays, 80 yards, 3:23.'''''
*TEN – [[Jonnu Smith]] 1-yard run (Stephen Gostkowski kick), 2:54. ''Titans 17–10. '''Drive: 9 plays, 75 yards, 4:55.'''''
*IND – Rodrigo Blankenship 43-yard field goal, 0:00. ''Titans 17–13. '''Drive: 13 plays, 51 yards, 2:54.'''''
'''Third quarter'''
*IND – Nyheim Hines 2-yard run (Rodrigo Blankenship kick), 2:51. ''Colts 20–17. '''Drive: 4 plays, 27 yards, 1:18.'''''
*IND – [[T. J. Carrie]] 6-yard return of blocked punt (Rodrigo Blankenship kick), 1:52. ''Colts 27–17.''
'''Fourth quarter'''
*IND – [[Jacoby Brissett]] 2-yard run (Rodrigo Blankenship kick), 9:21. ''Colts 34–17. '''Drive: 4 plays, 66 yards, 2:50.'''''
|stats=
'''Top passers'''
*IND – [[Philip Rivers]] – 29/39, 308 yards, TD
*TEN – [[Ryan Tannehill]] – 15/27, 158 yards, TD
'''Top rushers'''
*IND – [[Nyheim Hines]] – 12 rushes, 70 yards, TD
*TEN – [[Derrick Henry]] – 19 rushes, 103 yards
'''Top receivers'''
*IND – [[Michael Pittman Jr.]] – 7 receptions, 101 yards
*TEN – [[Corey Davis (wide receiver)|Corey Davis]] – 5 receptions, 67 yards
}}

====Week 11: vs. Green Bay Packers====
{{Americanfootballbox
|titlestyle={{NFLPrimaryStyle|Indianapolis Colts|year=2020|border=2}};text-align:center;
|state=autocollapse
|title=Week 11: Green Bay Packers at Indianapolis Colts – Game summary
|date=November 22
|time=4:25 p.m. EST
|road=Packers
|R1=7|R2=21|R3=0|R4=3|R5=0
|home='''Colts'''
|H1=7|H2=7|H3=11|H4=6|H5=3
|stadium=Lucas Oil Stadium, Indianapolis, Indiana
|attendance=12,495
|weather=None (retractable roof closed)
|referee=[[Shawn Hochuli]]
|TV=Fox
|TVAnnouncers=Joe Buck, Troy Aikman and Erin Andrews
|reference=[https://www.nfl.com/games/packers-at-colts-2020-reg-11 Recap], [https://nflcdns.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/58321/IND_Gamebook.pdf Game Book]
|scoring=
'''First quarter'''
* GB – [[Robert Tonyan]] 25-yard pass from [[Aaron Rodgers]] ([[Mason Crosby]] kick), 8:21. ''Packers 7–0. '''Drive: 7 plays, 51 yards, 4:06.'''''
* IND – [[Michael Pittman Jr.]] 45-yard pass from [[Philip Rivers]] ([[Rodrigo Blankenship]] kick), 5:45. ''Tied 7–7. '''Drive: 5 plays, 75 yards, 2:36.'''''
'''Second quarter'''
* GB – [[Aaron Jones (running back)|Aaron Jones]] 2-yard run (Mason Crosby kick), 9:55. ''Packers 14–7. '''Drive: 6 plays, 60 yards, 4:14.'''''
* GB – [[Davante Adams]] 5-yard pass from Aaron Rodgers (Mason Crosby kick), 7:48. ''Packers 21–7. '''Drive: 4 plays, 29 yards, 1:53.'''''
* IND – [[Trey Burton]] 17-yard pass from Philip Rivers (Rodrigo Blankenship kick), 1:52. ''Packers 21–14. '''Drive: 12 plays, 75 yards, 5:56.'''''
* GB – [[Jamaal Williams]] 4-yard pass from Aaron Rodgers (Mason Crosby kick), 0:16. ''Packers 28–14. '''Drive: 6 plays, 75 yards, 1:36.'''''
'''Third quarter'''
* IND – Rodrigo Blankenship 37-yard field goal, 7:43. ''Packers 28–17. '''Drive: 14 plays, 56 yards, 7:17.'''''
* IND – [[Jack Doyle (American football)|Jack Doyle]] 6-yard pass from Philip Rivers ([[Nyheim Hines]] run), 1:59. ''Packers 28–25. '''Drive: 10 plays, 55 yards, 3:57.'''''
'''Fourth quarter'''
* IND – Rodrigo Blankenship 32-yard field goal, 11:12. ''Tied 28–28. '''Drive: 8 plays, 50 yards, 3:56.'''''
* IND – Rodrigo Blankenship 43-yard field goal, 8:56. ''Colts 31–28. '''Drive: 4 plays, 3 yards, 2:06.'''''
* GB – Mason Crosby 39-yard field goal, 0:00. ''Tied 31–31. '''Drive: 10 plays, 86 yards, 1:22.'''''
'''Overtime'''
* IND – Rodrigo Blankenship 39-yard field goal, 7:10. ''Colts 34–31. '''Drive: 4 plays, 8 yards, 2:02.'''''
|stats=
'''Top passers'''
* GB – Aaron Rodgers – 27/38, 311 yards, 3 TD, INT
* IND – Philip Rivers – 24/36, 288 yards, 3 TD, INT
'''Top rushers'''
* GB – Aaron Jones – 10 rushes, 41 yards, TD
* IND – [[Jonathan Taylor (American football)|Jonathan Taylor]] – 22 rushes, 90 yards
'''Top receivers'''
* GB – Davante Adams – 7 receptions, 106 yards, TD
* IND – Michael Pittman Jr. – 3 receptions, 66 yards, TD
}}

====Week 12: vs. Tennessee Titans====
{{Americanfootballbox
|titlestyle={{NFLPrimaryStyle|Indianapolis Colts|year=2020|border=2}};text-align:center;
|state=autocollapse
|title=Week 12: Tennessee Titans at Indianapolis Colts – Game summary
|date=November 29
|time=1:00 p.m. EST
|road='''Titans'''
|R1=14|R2=21|R3=3|R4=7
|home=Colts
|H1=7|H2=7|H3=0|H4=12
|stadium=Lucas Oil Stadium, Indianapolis, Indiana
|attendance=12,464
|weather=None (retractable roof closed)
|referee=John Hussey
|TV=CBS
|TVAnnouncers= Ian Eagle, Charles Davis, and Evan Washburn
|reference=[https://www.nfl.com/games/titans-at-colts-2020-reg-12 Recap], [https://nflcdns.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/58335/IND_Gamebook.pdf Game Book]
|scoring=
'''First quarter'''
* TEN – [[Derrick Henry]] 12-yard run ([[Stephen Gostkowski]] kick), 9:12. ''Titans 7–0. '''Drive: 10 plays, 75 yards, 5:48.'''''
* IND – [[Trey Burton]] 11-yard pass from [[Philip Rivers]] ([[Rodrigo Blankenship]] kick), 2:34. ''Tied 7–7. '''Drive: 12 plays, 75 yards, 6:38.'''''
* TEN – [[A. J. Brown (American football)|A. J. Brown]] 69-yard pass from [[Ryan Tannehill]] ([[Stephen Gostkowski]] kick), 0:09. ''Titans 14–7. '''Drive: 4 plays, 75 yards, 2:25.'''''
'''Second quarter'''
* IND – [[Jacoby Brissett]] 1-yard run (Rodrigo Blankenship kick), 12:51. ''Tied 14–14. '''Drive: 6 plays, 75 yards, 2:18.'''''
* TEN – Derrick Henry 1-yard run (Stephen Gostkowski kick), 6:15. ''Titans 21–14. '''Drive: 8 plays, 65 yards, 3:29.'''''
* TEN – Derrick Henry 11-yard run (Stephen Gostkowski kick), 1:41. ''Titans 28–14. '''Drive: 9 plays, 86 yards, 2:44.'''''
* TEN – Ryan Tannehill 1-yard run (Stephen Gostkowski kick), 0:20. ''Titans 35–14. '''Drive: 5 plays, 44 yards, 0:53.'''''
'''Third quarter'''
* TEN – Stephen Gostkowski 49-yard field goal, 0:44. ''Titans 38–14. '''Drive: 8 plays, 32 yards, 4:54.'''''
'''Fourth quarter'''
* IND – Jacoby Brissett 1-yard run (run failed), 13:23. ''Titans 38–20. '''Drive: 9 plays, 75 yards, 2:21.'''''
* IND – [[T. Y. Hilton]] 5-yard pass from Philip Rivers (pass failed), 2:34. ''Titans 38–26. '''Drive: 11 plays, 94 yards, 3:21.'''''
* TEN – A. J. Brown 42-yard kickoff return (Stephen Gostkowski kick), 2:29. ''Titans 45–26.''
|stats=
'''Top passers'''
* TEN – Ryan Tannehill – 13/22, 221 yards, TD
* IND – Philip Rivers – 24/42, 295 yards, 2 TD, INT
'''Top rushers'''
* TEN – Derrick Henry – 27 rushes, 178 yards, 3 TD
* IND – [[Nyheim Hines]] – 10 rushes, 29 yards
'''Top receivers'''
* TEN – A. J. Brown – 4 receptions, 98 yards, TD
* IND – T. Y. Hilton – 4 receptions, 81 yards, TD
}}

====Week 13: at Houston Texans====
{{Americanfootballbox
|titlestyle={{NFLPrimaryStyle|Indianapolis Colts|year=2020|border=2}};text-align:center;
|state=autocollapse
|title=Week 13: Indianapolis Colts at Houston Texans – Game summary
|date=December 6
|time=1:00 p.m. EST/12:00 p.m. CST
|road='''Colts'''
|R1=14|R2=10|R3=0|R4=2
|home=Texans
|H1=10|H2=10|H3=0|H4=0
|stadium=[[NRG Stadium]], [[Houston, Texas]]
|attendance=12,316
|weather=Sunny, {{convert|57|F|C}} (retractable roof open)
|referee=Scott Novak
|TV=CBS
|TVAnnouncers=Greg Gumbel, Rich Gannon and Sherree Burruss
|reference=[https://www.nfl.com/games/colts-at-texans-2020-reg-13 Recap], [https://nflcdns.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/58348/HOU_Gamebook.pdf Game Book]
|scoring=
'''First quarter'''
*IND – [[T. Y. Hilton]] 21-yard pass from [[Philip Rivers]] ([[Rodrigo Blankenship]] kick), 9:52. ''Colts 7–0. '''Drive: 6 plays, 67 yards, 3:28.'''''
*HOU – [[Deshaun Watson]] 11-yard run ([[Ka'imi Fairbairn]] kick), 7:51. ''Tied 7–7. '''Drive: 4 plays, 75 yards, 2:01.'''''
*HOU – Ka'imi Fairbairn 52-yard field goal, 4:37. ''Texans 10–7. '''Drive: 6 plays, 26 yards, 1:48.'''''
*IND – [[Nyheim Hines]] 5-yard run (Rodrigo Blankenship kick), 0:41. ''Colts 14–10. '''Drive: 8 plays, 72 yards, 3:52.'''''
'''Second quarter'''
*IND – [[Jonathan Taylor (American football)|Jonathan Taylor]] 39-yard pass from Philip Rivers (Rodrigo Blankenship kick), 9:17. ''Colts 21–10. '''Drive: 6 plays, 57 yards, 3:15.'''''
*HOU – [[David Johnson (running back)|David Johnson]] 6-yard run (Ka'imi Fairbairn kick), 4:39. ''Colts 21–17. '''Drive: 9 plays, 75 yards, 4:38.'''''
*IND – Rodrigo Blankenship 42-yard field goal, 1:15. ''Colts 24–17. '''Drive: 10 plays, 55 yards, 3:27.'''''
*HOU – Ka'imi Fairbairn 34-yard field goal, 0:08. ''Colts 24–20. '''Drive: 8 plays, 58 yards, 1:07.'''''
'''Third quarter'''
*''No scoring plays''
'''Fourth quarter'''
*IND – Deshaun Watson sacked in end zone by [[Justin Houston]], 6:08. ''Colts 26–20.''
|stats=
'''Top passers'''
*IND – [[Philip Rivers]] – 27/35, 285 yards, 2 TD
*HOU – [[Deshaun Watson]] – 26/38, 341 yards, INT
'''Top rushers'''
*IND – [[Jonathan Taylor (American football)|Jonathan Taylor]] – 13 rushes, 91 yards
*HOU – [[David Johnson (running back)|David Johnson]] – 10 rushes, 44 yards, TD
'''Top receivers'''
*IND – [[T. Y. Hilton]] – 9 receptions, 110 yards, TD
*HOU – [[Keke Coutee]] – 8 receptions, 141 yards
}}

====Week 14: at Las Vegas Raiders====
{{Americanfootballbox
|titlestyle={{NFLPrimaryStyle|Indianapolis Colts|year=2020|border=2}};text-align:center;
|state=autocollapse
|title=Week 14: Indianapolis Colts at Las Vegas Raiders – Game summary
|date=December 13
|time=4:05 p.m. EST/1:05 p.m. [[Pacific Time Zone|PST]]
|road='''Colts'''
|R1=10|R2=10|R3=7|R4=17
|home=Raiders
|H1=7|H2=7|H3=6|H4=7
|stadium=[[Allegiant Stadium]], [[Paradise, Nevada]]
|attendance=0
|weather=None (indoor stadium)
|referee=[[Clete Blakeman]]
|TV=CBS
|TVAnnouncers=Ian Eagle, Charles Davis and Evan Washburn
|reference=[https://www.nfl.com/games/colts-at-raiders-2020-reg-14 Recap], [https://nflcdns.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/58369/LV_Gamebook.pdf Game Book]
|scoring=
'''First quarter'''
*IND – [[Rodrigo Blankenship]] 25-yard field goal, 8:56. ''Colts 3–0. '''Drive: 10 plays, 68 yards, 6:08.'''''
*IND – [[T. Y. Hilton]] 7-yard pass from [[Philip Rivers]] (Rodrigo Blankenship kick), 2:59. ''Colts 10–0. '''Drive: 11 plays, 72 yards, 4:50.'''''
*LV – [[Foster Moreau]] 47-yard pass from [[Derek Carr]] ([[Daniel Carlson (American football)|Daniel Carlson]] kick), 0:09. ''Colts 10–7. '''Drive: 5 plays, 76 yards, 2:50.'''''
'''Second quarter'''
*LV – [[Nelson Agholor]] 21-yard pass from Derek Carr (Daniel Carlson kick), 10:39. ''Raiders 14–10. '''Drive: 8 plays, 83 yards, 3:23.'''''
*IND – T. Y. Hilton 44-yard pass from Philip Rivers (Rodrigo Blankenship kick), 9:03. ''Colts 17–14. '''Drive: 3 plays, 68 yards, 1:35.'''''
*IND – Rodrigo Blankenship 20-yard field goal, 0:00. ''Colts 20–14. '''Drive: 13 plays, 78 yards, 3:30.'''''
'''Third quarter'''
*LV – Daniel Carlson 25-yard field goal, 9:45. ''Colts 20–17. '''Drive: 13 plays, 68 yards, 5:19.'''''
*IND – [[Jonathan Taylor (American football)|Jonathan Taylor]] 67-yard run (Rodrigo Blankenship kick), 7:27. ''Colts 27–17. '''Drive: 5 plays, 75 yards, 2:14.'''''
*LV – Daniel Carlson 23-yard field goal, 0:17. ''Colts 27–20. '''Drive: 14 plays, 70 yards, 7:14.'''''
'''Fourth quarter'''
*IND – Jonathan Taylor 3-yard run (Rodrigo Blankenship kick), 9:40. ''Colts 34–20. '''Drive: 19 plays, 75 yards, 5:50.'''''
*IND – Rodrigo Blankenship 35-yard field goal, 6:55. ''Colts 37–20. '''Drive: 4 plays, 9 yards, 2:25.'''''
*IND – [[Khari Willis]] 50-yard interception return (Rodrigo Blankenship kick), 5:32. ''Colts 44–20.''
*LV – Derek Carr 5-yard run (Daniel Carlson kick), 0:55. ''Colts 44–27. '''Drive: 13 plays, 75 yards, 4:27.'''''
|stats=
'''Top passers'''
*IND – [[Philip Rivers]] – 19/28, 244 yards, 2 TD
*LV – [[Derek Carr]] – 31/45, 316 yards, 2 TD, 2 INT
'''Top rushers'''
*IND – [[Jonathan Taylor (American football)|Jonathan Taylor]] – 20 rushes, 150 yards, 2 TD
*LV – [[Josh Jacobs]] – 13 rushes, 49 yards
'''Top receivers'''
*IND – [[T. Y. Hilton]] – 5 receptions, 86 yards, 2 TD
*LV – [[Nelson Agholor]] – 5 receptions, 100 yards, TD
}}

====Week 15: vs. Houston Texans====
{{Americanfootballbox
|titlestyle={{NFLPrimaryStyle|Indianapolis Colts|year=2020|border=2}};text-align:center;
|state=autocollapse
|title=Week 15: Houston Texans at Indianapolis Colts – Game summary
|date=December 20
|time=1:00 p.m. EST
|road=Texans
|R1=0|R2=10|R3=3|R4=7
|home='''Colts'''
|H1=14|H2=0|H3=3|H4=10
|stadium=Lucas Oil Stadium, Indianapolis, Indiana
|attendance=9,992
|weather=None (retractable roof closed)
|referee=[[Bill Vinovich]]
|TV=CBS
|TVAnnouncers=Greg Gumbel, Rich Gannon and [[Jay Feely]]
|reference=[https://www.nfl.com/games/texans-at-colts-2020-reg-15 Recap], [https://nflcdns.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/58379/IND_Gamebook.pdf Game Book]
|scoring=
'''First quarter'''
* IND – [[Jonathan Taylor (American football)|Jonathan Taylor]] 5-yard run ([[Rodrigo Blankenship]] kick), 5:49. ''Colts 7–0. '''Drive: 10 plays, 81 yards, 5:39.'''''
* IND – [[Zach Pascal]] 11-yard pass from [[Philip Rivers]] (Rodrigo Blankenship kick), 0:52. ''Colts 14–0. '''Drive: 4 plays, 42 yards, 2:22.'''''
'''Second quarter'''
* HOU – [[Chad Hansen]] 38-yard pass from [[Deshaun Watson]] ([[Ka'imi Fairbairn]] kick), 3:46. ''Colts 14–7. '''Drive: 7 plays, 79 yards, 4:09.'''''
* HOU – Ka'imi Fairbairn 23-yard field goal, 0:00. ''Colts 14–10. '''Drive: 12 plays, 76 yards, 1:43.'''''
'''Third quarter'''
* IND – Rodrigo Blankenship 35-yard field goal, 8:27. ''Colts 17–10. '''Drive: 13 plays, 58 yards, 6:33.'''''
* HOU – Ka'imi Fairbairn 31-yard field goal, 1:19. ''Colts 17–13. '''Drive: 12 plays, 55 yards, 7:08.'''''
'''Fourth quarter'''
* IND – Rodrigo Blankenship 53-yard field goal, 13:31. ''Colts 20–13. '''Drive: 6 plays, 40 yards, 2:48.'''''
* HOU – [[Keke Coutee]] 9-yard pass from Deshaun Watson (Ka'imi Fairbairn kick), 7:25. ''Tied 20–20. '''Drive: 10 plays, 80 yards, 6:06.'''''
* IND – Zach Pascal 5-yard pass from Philip Rivers (Rodrigo Blankenship kick), 1:47. ''Colts 27–20. '''Drive: 12 plays, 75 yards, 5:38.'''''
|stats=
'''Top passers'''
* HOU – Deshaun Watson – 33/41, 373 yards, 2 TD
* IND – Philip Rivers – 22/28, 228 yards, 2 TD
'''Top rushers'''
* HOU – [[David Johnson (running back)|David Johnson]] – 8 rushes, 27 yards
* IND – Jonathan Taylor – 16 rushes, 83 yards, TD
'''Top receivers'''
* HOU – David Johnson – 11 receptions, 106 yards
* IND – Zach Pascal – 5 receptions, 79 yards, 2 TD
}}

====Week 16: at Pittsburgh Steelers====
{{Americanfootballbox
|titlestyle={{NFLPrimaryStyle|Indianapolis Colts|year=2020|border=2}};text-align:center;
|state=autocollapse
|title=Week 16: Indianapolis Colts at Pittsburgh Steelers – Game summary
|date=December 27
|time=1:00 p.m. EST
|road=Colts
|R1=7|R2=14|R3=3|R4=0
|home='''Steelers'''
|H1=0|H2=7|H3=7|H4=14
|stadium=[[Heinz Field]], [[Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania]]
|attendance=0
|weather=Sunny, {{convert|37|F|C}}
|referee=Alex Kemp
|TV=CBS
|TVAnnouncers=[[Jim Nantz]], [[Tony Romo]] and [[Tracy Wolfson]]
|reference=[https://www.nfl.com/games/colts-at-steelers-2020-reg-16 Recap], [https://nflcdns.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/58402/PIT_Gamebook.pdf Game Book]
|scoring=
'''First quarter'''
*IND – [[Jonathan Taylor (American football)|Jonathan Taylor]] 6-yard run ([[Rodrigo Blankenship]] kick), 9:48. ''Colts 7–0. '''Drive: 9 plays, 70 yards, 4:45.'''''
'''Second quarter'''
*PIT – [[James Conner (American football)|James Conner]] 1-yard run ([[Chris Boswell]] kick), 13:47. ''Tied 7–7. '''Drive: 3 plays, 3 yards, 0:50.'''''
*IND – Jonathan Taylor 1-yard run (Rodrigo Blankenship kick), 6:35. ''Colts 14–7. '''Drive: 12 plays, 85 yards, 7:12.'''''
*IND – [[Zach Pascal]] 42-yard pass from [[Philip Rivers]], 4:02. ''Colts 21–7. '''Drive: 2 plays, 43 yards, 0:48.'''''
'''Third quarter'''
*IND – Rodrigo Blankenship 28-yard field goal, 9:23. ''Colts 24–7. '''Drive: 10 plays, 65 yards, 5:37.'''''
*PIT – [[Diontae Johnson]] 39-yard pass from [[Ben Roethlisberger]] (Chris Boswell kick), 3:16. ''Colts 24–14. '''Drive: 1 play, 39 yards, 0:07.'''''
'''Fourth quarter'''
*PIT – [[Eric Ebron]] 5-yard pass from Ben Roethlisberger (Chris Boswell kick), 14:52. ''Colts 24–21. '''Drive: 5 plays, 74 yards, 1:51.'''''
*PIT – [[JuJu Smith-Schuster]] 25-yard pass from Ben Roethlisberger (Chris Boswell kick), 7:38. ''Steelers 28–24. '''Drive: 10 plays, 84 yards, 4:28.'''''
|stats =
'''Top passers'''
*IND – [[Philip Rivers]] – 22/35, 270 yards, TD, INT
*PIT – [[Ben Roethlisberger]] – 34/49, 341 yards, 3 TD
'''Top rushers'''
*IND – [[Jonathan Taylor (American football)|Jonathan Taylor]] – 18 rushes, 74 yards, 2 TD
*PIT – [[James Conner (American football)|James Conner]] – 5 rushes, 20 yards, TD
'''Top receivers'''
*IND – [[Zach Pascal]] – 3 receptions, 64 yards, TD
*PIT – [[JuJu Smith-Schuster]] – 9 receptions, 96 yards, TD
}}Initially seeded within the [[American Football Conference|AFC]] playoff race, the Week 16 loss to the [[Pittsburgh Steelers]] knocked the Colts to the first seed outside looking in.<ref>{{Cite web|title=2020 NFL Playoff Picture, Scenarios, and Standings|url=https://www.cbssports.com/nfl/standings/playoffrace/|access-date=2020-12-31|website=CBSSports.com|language=en}}</ref>

====Week 17: vs. Jacksonville Jaguars====
{{Americanfootballbox
|titlestyle={{NFLPrimaryStyle|Indianapolis Colts|year=2020|border=2}};text-align:center;
|state=autocollapse
|title=Week 17: Jacksonville Jaguars at Indianapolis Colts – Game summary
|date=January 3, 2021
|time=4:25 p.m. EST
|road=Jaguars
|R1=0|R2=7|R3=7|R4=0
|home='''Colts'''
|H1=10|H2=10|H3=0|H4=8
|stadium=Lucas Oil Stadium, Indianapolis, Indiana
|attendance=9,976
|weather=None (retractable roof closed)
|referee=[[Shawn Smith (American football)|Shawn Smith]]
|TV=CBS
|TVAnnouncers=Andrew Catalon, James Lofton and Sherree Burruss
|reference=[https://www.nfl.com/games/jaguars-at-colts-2020-reg-17 Recap], [https://nflcdns.nfl.com/liveupdate/gamecenter/58421/IND_Gamebook.pdf Game Book]
|scoring=
'''First quarter'''
*IND - [[T.Y. Hilton]] 6-yard pass from [[Philip Rivers]] ([[Rodrigo Blankenship]] kick), 10:16. ''Colts 7–0. '''Drive: 6 plays, 78 yards, 2:43.'''''
*IND - Rodrigo Blankenship 22-yard field goal, 1:16. ''Colts 10–0. '''Drive: 13 plays, 80 yards, 7:26.'''''
'''Second quarter'''
*IND – [[Jonathan Taylor (American football)|Jonathan Taylor]] 1-yard run (Rodrigo Blankenship kick), 11:40. ''Colts 17–0. '''Drive: 3 plays, 15 yards, 1:17.'''''
*IND - Rodrigo Blankenship 24-yard field goal, 2:38. ''Colts 10–0. '''Drive: 7 plays, 43 yards, 3:43.'''''
*JAX – [[Laviska Shenault]] 9-yard pass from [[Mike Glennon]] ([[Aldrick Rosas]] kick), 0:27. ''Colts 20–7. '''Drive: 7 plays, 75 yards, 2:11.'''''
'''Third quarter'''
*JAX – Laviska Shenault 8-yard pass from Mike Glennon (Aldrick Rosas kick), 6:26. ''Colts 20–14. '''Drive: 10 plays, 61 yards, 5:41.'''''
'''Fourth quarter'''
*IND – Jonathan Taylor 45-yard run (Rivers to Hilton, pass succeeds), 3:35. ''Colts 28–14. '''Drive: 2 plays, 50 yards, 0:51.'''''
|stats=
'''Top passers'''
*IND – [[Philip Rivers]] – 17/27, 164 yards, TD, INT
*JAX – [[Mike Glennon]] – 26/42, 261 yards, 2 TD
'''Top rushers'''
*IND – [[Jonathan Taylor (American football)|Jonathan Taylor]] – 30 rushes, 253 yards, 2 TD
*JAX – [[Dare Ogunbowale]] – 14 rushes, 50 yards
'''Top receivers'''
*IND – [[Nyheim Hines]] – 6 receptions, 50 yards
*JAX – [[Chris Conley (American football)|Chris Conley]] – 7 receptions, 87 yards
}}

===Standings===
====Division====
{{2020 AFC South standings|team=IND}}
====Conference====
{{2020 AFC standings|team=IND}}
==Postseason==
{{see also|2020–21 NFL playoffs}}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
!style="{{NFLPrimaryStyle|Indianapolis Colts|year=2020|border=2}}"| Playoff round
!style="{{NFLPrimaryStyle|Indianapolis Colts|year=2020|border=2}}"| Date
!style="{{NFLPrimaryStyle|Indianapolis Colts|year=2020|border=2}}"| Time ([[Eastern Time Zone|{{color|white|ET}}]])
!style="{{NFLPrimaryStyle|Indianapolis Colts|year=2020|border=2}}"| Opponent (seed)
!style="{{NFLPrimaryStyle|Indianapolis Colts|year=2020|border=2}}"| Result
!style="{{NFLPrimaryStyle|Indianapolis Colts|year=2020|border=2}}"| Record
!style="{{NFLPrimaryStyle|Indianapolis Colts|year=2020|border=2}}"| Venue
!style="{{NFLPrimaryStyle|Indianapolis Colts|year=2020|border=2}}"| TV
!style="{{NFLPrimaryStyle|Indianapolis Colts|year=2020|border=2}}"| Recap
|-style="background:#"
! Wild Card
| {{dow tooltip|January 9, 2021|df=F j, Y}}
| 1:05 p.m.
| at [[2020 Buffalo Bills season|Buffalo Bills]] (2)
| 
| 
| [[Bills Stadium]]
| [[NFL on CBS|CBS]]
| 
|}

===Game summaries===
====AFC Wild Card Playoffs: at (#2) Buffalo Bills====
{{Americanfootballbox
|titlestyle={{NFLPrimaryStyle|Indianapolis Colts|year=2020|border=2}};text-align:center;
|state=autocollapse
|title=AFC Divisional Playoffs: (#7) Indianapolis Colts at (#2) Buffalo Bills – Game summary
|date={{dow tooltip|January 9, 2021|df=F j, Y}}
|time=1:05 p.m. [[Eastern Time Zone|EST]]
|road=Colts
|R1=0|R2=0|R3=0|R4=0
|home=Bills
|H1=0|H2=0|H3=0|H4=0
|stadium=[[Bills Stadium]], [[Orchard Park, New York]]
|attendance=6,772
|weather=
|referee=[[Brad Allen]]
|TV=[[NFL on CBS|CBS]]
|TVAnnouncers=[[Ian Eagle]], [[Charles Davis (defensive back)|Charles Davis]] and [[Evan Washburn]]
|reference=[https://www.nfl.com/games/colts-at-bills-2020-post-1 Preview]
|scoring=
|stats=
}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{official website|http://www.colts.com}}

{{Indianapolis Colts}}
{{Indianapolis Colts seasons}}
{{2020 NFL season by team}}

[[Category:2020 National Football League season by team|Indianapolis]]
[[Category:Indianapolis Colts seasons]]
[[Category:2020 in sports in Indiana|Indianapolis Colts]]

Stafford, Virginia

2021-01-06T19:53:05Z

Willy3198: /* Notable people */

{{Infobox settlement
|name = Stafford Courthouse
|official_name =
|settlement_type = [[Census-designated place]] (CDP)
|nickname =
|motto =


|image_skyline = 2019-07-22 15 52 14 View east across Stafford Courthouse towards the Aquia Creek and the Potomac River in eastern Stafford County, Virginia from an airplane heading for Washington Dulles International Airport.jpg
|imagesize =
|image_caption = Aerial view of Stafford
|image_flag =
|image_seal =


|image_map = Stafford County Virginia incorporated and unincorporated areas Stafford Courthouse highlighted.svg
|map_caption = Location in [[Stafford County, Virginia|Stafford County]] and the state of [[Virginia]].


|subdivision_type = Country
|subdivision_name = {{Flagu|United States}}
|subdivision_type1 = [[U.S. state|State]]
|subdivision_name1 = {{Flag|Virginia}}
|subdivision_type2 = [[List of counties in Virginia|County]]
|subdivision_name2 = [[Stafford County, Virginia|Stafford]]
|government_footnotes =
|government_type =
|leader_title =
|leader_name =
|leader_title1 =
|leader_name1 =
|established_title =
|established_date =


|unit_pref = Imperial
|area_footnotes =
|area_magnitude =
|area_total_km2 = 11.07
|area_land_km2 =
|area_water_km2 =


|population_as_of = [[United States Census, 2010|2010]]
|population_footnotes =
|population_total = 4,320
|population_density_km2 = auto


|timezone = [[Eastern Time Zone|Eastern (EST)]]
|utc_offset = −5
|timezone_DST = EDT
|utc_offset_DST = −4
|elevation_footnotes =
|elevation_ft =
|coordinates = {{coord|38|25|19|N|77|24|30|W|region:US-VA_type:city|display=inline,title}}


|postal_code_type = [[ZIP code]]s
|postal_code = 22554, 22556
|area_code = [[Area code 540|540]], [[Area code 703|703]], [[Area code 571|571]]
|blank_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
|blank_info =
|blank1_name = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
|blank1_info =
|website = {{url|https://staffordcountyva.gov/|Official County website}}
|footnotes =
}}

'''Stafford''' is a [[census-designated place]] (listed as '''Stafford Courthouse''') in and the [[county seat]] of [[Stafford County, Virginia|Stafford County]] in the northern part of the [[Commonwealth (U.S. state)|U.S. Commonwealth]] of [[Virginia]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.uscounties.org/cffiles_web/counties/county.cfm?id=51179 |title=Stafford County, VA |publisher=[[National Association of Counties]] |accessdate=10 January 2013}}</ref> The population of Stafford County as of the 2010 United States Census was 128,984.<ref>{{cite web|title=Stafford County, Virginia: Quick Facts|url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/table/PST045213/51179/embed/accessible|website=U.S. Census Bureau|accessdate=2 March 2018}}</ref> It lies {{convert|10|mi|km|0}} north of [[Fredericksburg, Virginia|Fredericksburg]], approximately {{convert|40|mi|km|0}} south of [[Washington, D.C.]], and about {{convert|60|mi|km|0}} north of [[Richmond, Virginia|Richmond]], the state capital. [[Marine Corps Base Quantico]] is located north of the community. Stafford Courthouse is located at the intersections of [[U.S. Route 1 in Virginia|U.S. Route 1]] and Courthouse Road.

==History==
[[English people|English]] sea captain [[Samuel Argall]] abducted the [[Pamunkey]] princess [[Pocahontas]] near this area on April 13, 1613, while she was residing with her [[Patawomeck]] husband, Kocoum, in an attempt to secure some English prisoners for release and ammunition held by her father. It occurred in the northeastern part of this county, from where the colonists took her to a secondary English settlement, known as [[Henricus]] or Henrico Town. The vicar [[Alexander Whitaker]] converted Pocahontas to Christianity during her captivity. He renamed her "Rebecca" at her baptism. Rebecca married English colonist [[John Rolfe]] on April 5, 1614, in [[Jamestown, Virginia|Jamestown]].<ref>[https://archive.is/20120724101355/http://www.dhr.state.va.us/hiway_markers/marker.cfm?mid=3340 John Rolfe Highway Marker]</ref><ref>[http://www.hmdb.org/marker.asp?marker=2218 Kidnapping of Pocahontas Highway Marker] or [https://archive.is/20120724190906/http://www.dhr.state.va.us/hiway_markers/marker.cfm?mid=3334 Pocahontas Highway Marker]</ref>

It was a stop on the [[Richmond, Fredericksburg and Potomac Railroad]] in the nineteenth Century which was replaced by, [[CSXT]].

[[Accokeek Furnace Archeological Site]], [[Aquia Church]], [[Public Quarry at Government Island]], [[Redoubt No. 2]], and [[Stafford Training School]] are listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]].<ref name="nris">{{NRISref|version=2010a}}</ref>

==Notable people==
* [[Erin Cahill]], actress
* Elise Harris, Hell's Kitchen all-star contestant
* [[Traci Hunter Abramson]], novelist
* [[Pocahontas]], [[Powhatan]] princess
* Liam Messer, Professional Flipper/Trampolinist
* Jarrett Parker, Professional Baseball Player; New York Mets, San Francisco Giants, LA Angels
* Jason J. Crosson; pop culture icon

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Stafford, Virginia}}
* {{wikivoyage-inline|Stafford (Virginia)}}
* [http://staffordcountyva.gov/ Official website for the County]
* [https://www.staffordschools.net/ Stafford County Public Schools]
* [http://www.tourstaffordva.com/ Stafford County Tourism]

{{Stafford County, Virginia}}
{{Virginia county seats and independent cities}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Census-designated places in Stafford County, Virginia]]
[[Category:Census-designated places in Virginia]]
[[Category:County seats in Virginia]]

NFL Color Rush

2020-12-20T21:17:11Z

Willy3198: /* Team by team */

{{short description|Promotion}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2016}}

The '''NFL Color Rush''' was a promotion done in conjunction with the [[National Football League]] (NFL) and [[Nike, Inc.|Nike]] that promotes so-called "color vs. color" matchups with teams in matchup-specific uniforms that are primarily one solid color with alternating colored accents, primarily airing on ''[[Thursday Night Football]]''. Despite being promoted as color vs. color, some games had one team wearing traditional white uniforms, either by choice or out of necessity. The uniforms did not count against each team with regards to their allowed [[Third jersey|alternate uniform]] allotment. The games received mixed responses from fans, with some praising the NFL for changing up their games in terms of uniforms, while others criticized the promotion for some of its garish uniforms. The promotion was officially discontinued for the {{nfly|2018}} seasons, but many teams continue to wear the Color Rush uniforms and promote them heavily, notably the [[Cleveland Browns]], [[Dallas Cowboys]], and [[Pittsburgh Steelers]].

==History of color vs. color matchups==

===Early years===
In the early days of the NFL through [[World War II]], it was common to see teams wearing their team colored uniforms against each other. Many teams would almost always wear a primary colored jersey, only switching to a second jersey as a visitor when the home team's uniform color is similar. Following the arrival of the rival [[All-America Football Conference]] where each team had both a team colored jersey and a white jersey, NFL teams began adding a white jersey as a neutral color to avoid color clashes. Again, this was only used if teams such as the [[Chicago Bears]] and the [[Green Bay Packers]] (the latter before the arrival of [[Vince Lombardi]]) played each other and had similar jersey colors. NFL teams were not required to add a white jersey.

It would not be the AAFC (which partially merged into the NFL in 1950) that would change the status quo, but the mainstream adoption of television. Due to the technical limitations of TV, programming could only be broadcast in black and white, making it hard for fans to tell their teams apart. Out of necessity, starting with the [[1957 NFL season]], all teams were required to have both a team colored jersey and a white jersey, with the team colored jerseys being worn at home and white jerseys being worn at away games. This caused teams such as the Chicago Bears, [[Detroit Lions]], Green Bay Packers, and [[Los Angeles Rams]] (none of which had a white jersey for in {{nfly|1956}<ref>http://www.gridiron-uniforms.com/GUD/1956.shtml {{deadlink|date=November 2020}}</ref>) to add a contrasting white jersey. In the Rams' case, it also forced the team to drop their gold jersey, as it was considered "too light" to wear against teams wearing white jerseys, replaced by blue jerseys. Other teams, such as the [[Cleveland Browns]], that had worn white as their primary home uniform were also no longer allowed to wear those jerseys at home.

In {{nfly|1964}}, the league allowed the home team to decide which jersey could be worn at home, which prompted many teams to wear their white jerseys at home so that fans could see the colors of the visiting team. With [[National Football League television blackout policies|blackout]] policies not allowing the home games to be aired in home markets until [[1973 NFL season|1973]], this also meant that fans not attending games in person at times only saw the team's darker colored uniform on TV, which depending on the television they were watching may still be in black and white. Despite this rule change and the widespread adoption of [[color television]] by the end of the 1960s, the color/white rule generally remains in effect for the NFL even as [[college football]] relaxed its jersey rules in 2009.<ref name="Rule change">{{cite web |title=NCAA changing rules to accommodate USC-UCLA jersey tradition |url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/sports_blog/2009/02/ncaa-changing-r.html |date=19 February 2009 |work=Los Angeles Times |accessdate=5 October 2009}}</ref>

===Leaguewide promotions===
The NFL began to allow exceptions as part of leaguewide promotions, beginning with the league's 75th Anniversary season in [[1994 NFL season|1994]]. For the first time, the NFL allowed teams to wear [[throwback uniform]]s and in some cases allowed color vs. color as long as the colors did not clash with each other.

Color vs. color matchups would continue for a time in the early 2000s, mostly on [[NFL on Thanksgiving Day|Thanksgiving]] games. In [[2002 NFL season|2002]], the league allowed alternate uniforms with some jerseys being allowed to be worn against a colored jersey if it was light enough. Examples included gray jerseys worn by the [[New England Patriots]] in the 2000s and the [[Seattle Seahawks]] of the present day, as well as a one-off gold alternate by the [[New Orleans Saints]] that was worn against the [[Minnesota Vikings]] in 2002.

In {{nfly|2009}}, the NFL celebrated what would have been the 50th season of the [[American Football League]] by allowing each of the original eight AFL teams to wear AFL-era throwback uniforms. One of those teams, the [[Kansas City Chiefs]], was granted special permission by the NFL to allow the visiting [[Dallas Cowboys]] to wear their early 1960s throwbacks against the Chiefs (wearing throwbacks of their predecessors, the Dallas Texans) in "The Game that Never Was".

==Launching the Color Rush==

===Initial rollout===
For {{nfly|2012}}, [[Nike, Inc.|Nike]] replaced [[Reebok]] as the league's uniform supplier. As Nike had been the longtime supplier of the [[Oregon Ducks football]] team and used the Ducks as the team to start the trend of college football teams radically changing their uniforms on a regular basis, some had speculated that the NFL was about to follow college football's path, or at the very least one team becoming the "Oregon of the NFL". The [[Seattle Seahawks]], [[Minnesota Vikings]], [[Cleveland Browns]], [[Jacksonville Jaguars]], [[Miami Dolphins]], [[Tampa Bay Buccaneers]], [[Detroit Lions]], [[Tennessee Titans]], and [[New York Jets]] are the only teams that completely redesigned their uniform since Nike took over, but none of them became the "Oregon of the NFL", with the Browns, Dolphins, and Vikings opting for more traditional styles. This was further subdued in [[2013 NFL season|2013]] when the NFL banned alternate helmets out of fears of [[Concussions in American football|concussions]].

During the Packers [[Green Bay Packers, Inc.|annual]] [[shareholder]] meeting in 2015, the team nonchalantly mentioned that color vs. color matchups would be allowed as an option during ''Thursday Night Football'' contests in {{nfly|2015}}, while becoming mandatory in 2016.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jsonline.com/sports/packers/packers-unveil-retro-uniforms-to-be-worn-vs-chargers-b99546033z1-319137191.html|title=Packers unveil retro uniforms to be worn vs. Chargers|last=Silverstein|first=Tom|publisher=Journal Sentinel, Inc.|date=28 July 2015|website=jsonline.com|accessdate=7 August 2015}}</ref> Initially, this belief thought teams would be allowed to wear their normal uniforms against each other or even their alternates. However, on 30 October 2015, the NFL announced the initial "Color Rush," a series of four Thursday contests in which all eight teams will wear specially designed alternate uniforms.<ref>{{cite press release|title=NFL and Nike Flood Thursday Night Football with Color|url=https://nflcommunications.com/Pages/NFL-and-Nike-Flood-Thursday-Night-Football-with-Color.aspx|publisher=National Football League|date=30 October 2015|accessdate=24 September 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Kania |first=Joe |url=http://www.buccaneers.com/news/article-1/Splash-of-Color-for-Thursday-Night-Teams/a49ec3b0-d3bc-4f95-8881-7b7fd1216685 |title=Splash of Color for Thursday Night Teams |website=Buccaneers.com |date=30 October 2015 |accessdate=2015-12-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151031114635/http://www.buccaneers.com/news/article-1/Splash-of-Color-for-Thursday-Night-Teams/a49ec3b0-d3bc-4f95-8881-7b7fd1216685 |archive-date=31 October 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

===Trial run===
The initial rollout featured the [[Carolina Panthers]] and [[Tennessee Titans]] wearing their regular alternate uniforms (with the Panthers debuting "Carolina blue" pants), while the Dallas Cowboys revived their white "Double Star" uniforms from the mid-1990s (while debuting white pants) and the then-St. Louis Rams wore a yellow version of their 1973–99 throwbacks for the games. The other four teams involved wore all-new uniforms for the games:

*The [[Buffalo Bills]] debuted all-red uniforms for the first time in team history, with red, white and blue shoulder stripes and blue-white-blue pants stripes. (In a minor inconsistency, the team's blue "charging buffalo" helmet logo was used, instead of the all-red "standing buffalo" the team uses on their throwback uniforms.)
*The Jacksonville Jaguars wore all-gold uniforms, after an accent color on their uniforms.
*The [[New York Jets]], who wore kelly green from 1963–1997, wore their current uniforms in the kelly green color scheme, with their normally white sleeves also green and the middle shoulder stripe being the team's current shade of hunter green.
*The Tampa Bay Buccaneers wore an all-red ensemble.

===Full rollout===
In {{nfly|2016}}, it was expected that all 32 teams would participate, with some teams eager to unveil their Color Rush uniforms. The [[Pittsburgh Steelers]]—one of the league's more conservative and tradition-bound teams with regards to uniforms—were the only team that did not participate in the 2015 Color Rush that revealed their Color Rush uniform style (but not revealing their uniform itself) before the leaguewide unveil, confirming that they would be wearing all-black uniforms with gold numbers on Christmas Day against the [[Baltimore Ravens]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Varley|first=Teresa|title='Color rush' uniforms revealed|url=http://www.steelers.com/news/article-1/Color-rush-uniforms-revealed/7923a80f-03a1-4058-aa7d-6d014fce45d8|website=steelers.com|publisher=NFL Enterprises, LLC.|accessdate=13 August 2016|date=12 August 2016}}</ref> The team had planned on wearing a Color Rush uniform for its only ''Thursday Night'' match up against the [[Indianapolis Colts]] at [[Lucas Oil Stadium]], but opted for the home game on Christmas against its hated rival and will wear their standard road uniforms against the Colts. It was later announced that Thanksgiving games were exempt from the Color Rush promotion.

On 13 September 2016, the NFL and Nike unveiled the Color Rush uniforms for all 32 teams. The eight teams that participated in the Color Rush the year before continued their uniforms while the Steelers had already announced theirs.<ref>{{cite press release|title=NIKE AND NFL LIGHT UP THURSDAY NIGHT FOOTBALL|url=http://news.nike.com/news/nfl-color-rush-uniform-2016|publisher=Nike, Inc.|date=13 September 2016|accessdate=24 September 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite press release|title=NFL & Nike Light Up ''Thursday Night Football''|url=https://nflcommunications.com/Pages/NFL-and-Nike-Light-Up-Thursday-Night-Football.aspx|publisher=National Football League|date=13 September 2016|accessdate=24 September 2016}}</ref> For 2016, the Jets, Browns, and Rams donned their regular white uniforms (see below), while the Cardinals, Falcons, and Texans will also wore their regular white uniforms as they were the away team and their opponents wore similar colored uniforms. The Lions, Colts, and Redskins did not wear their Color Rush uniforms for 2016 due to Thanksgiving games being exempt and none of the three teams having other Thursday night games.<ref name="colorblind" /> The 2017 season also featured at least one team, the Buffalo Bills, wearing their Color Rush uniform on a Sunday afternoon game (coincidentally [[Snow Bowl (2017)|this game]] occurred during a [[Lake-effect snow|lake-effect snowstorm]] which made the Bills players more visible than their opponents, the all-white wearing [[Indianapolis Colts]]).<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180112024355/http://www.buffalobills.com/news/article-1/Bills-announce-teams-Family-Day-sponsored-by-Independent-Health--Fan-Appreciation-Day-/52a03b63-4ea5-479c-a77a-1ce82c44d49f Bills announce team's Family Day sponsored by Independent Health & Fan Appreciation Day], ''buffalobills.com'' (4 December 2017).</ref> The [[2017 Pro Bowl]] also features the two conference all-star teams in solid red and blue colors respectively.

===Discontinuation===
On 10 April 2018, the league announced that Color Rush promotion would be discontinued under the terms of the new ''Thursday Night Football'' broadcast contract. Teams were allowed to continue to use their existing Color Rush uniforms as standard third jerseys. Some teams continued to wear their Color Rush uniforms during Thursday Nights, and the Browns, who were the last team to have worn their Color Rush uniform debuted theirs on 20 September 2018. The Browns also debuted end zones painted with the stripe pattern found on their Color Rush jersey. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nfl.com/news/story/0ap3000000925839/article/is-nfls-color-rush-era-in-danger-of-fading-away|title=Is NFL's Color Rush era in danger of fading away?|first=Austin|last=Knoblauch|date=10 April 2018|accessdate=13 April 2018}}</ref> Positive fan reception for the new uniforms was so strong that the Browns later switched the Color Rush design to be their primary home jersey, which it remained through 2019.

==Team by team==
If Color Rush uniform is identical to an existing uniform, "First Use" in a Color Rush game is shown in ''italics.''
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Team !! First Use !! Last Use !! Times Used !! Color !! Numbers !! Detail !! Notes
|-
| [[Arizona Cardinals]] || 9 November 2017 || 6 December 2020 || 5 || black || red, white outline || similar to existing black alternate with red panels on arms instead of white, different color numbers and black pants ||
|-
| [[Atlanta Falcons]] || 7 December 2017 || 7 December 2017 || 1 || red || black, white outline || throwback style numbers, no striping, modern logo on sleeves || Discontinued in 2020 following a team uniform overhaul
|-
| [[Baltimore Ravens]] || 10 November 2016 || 25 November 2019 || 4 || purple || gold, white outline || ||
|-
| [[Buffalo Bills]] || 12 November 2015 || 13 December 2020 || 7 || red || white, blue outline || || First team to wear Color Rush on a Sunday
|-
| [[Carolina Panthers]] || 26 November 2015 || 12 October 2017 || 3 || blue || white, black outline || regular blue jersey with new matching pants, socks, and shoes ||
|-
| [[Chicago Bears]] || 20 October 2016 || 28 September 2017 || 2 || navy blue || white, orange outline || regular navy blue jersey with navy pants normally worn with the white jerseys ||
|-
| [[Cincinnati Bengals]] || 29 September 2016 || November 29, 2020 || 7 || white || solid black ||black sleeves with shoulder tiger stripe pattern, black and white tiger stripes stripe on pants|| A nod to the [[white tiger]]. The Bengals themselves unveiled their Color Rush uniforms at the [[Cincinnati Zoo and Botanical Garden]].<ref name="Bengals">{{cite news|title=Bengals Unveil Color Rush Jerseys|url=http://www.bengals.com/news/article-1/Bengals-Unveil-Color-Rush-Jerseys/6227c7fe-95cb-4c2e-94c0-c7326cf8f537|publisher=Cincinnati Bengals|date=13 September 2016|accessdate=24 September 2016}}</ref>
|-
| [[Cleveland Browns]] || 20 September 2018 || 22 December 2019 || 8 || brown || solid orange || with different shoulder stripes and pants stripes || Last team to wear Color Rush for the first time. Promoted to primary status for the 2019 season. Replaced with a similar set following their 2020 uniform change, the most noteworthy difference being the lack of sleeve stripes
|-
| [[Dallas Cowboys]] || 26 November 2015 || November 26, 2020 || 7 || white || blue, blue, silver and white outline || blue sleeves, stars on shoulders ||
|-
| [[Denver Broncos]] || 13 October 2016 || ''December 20, 2020 (scheduled)'' || 5 ''(Projected)'' || orange || white, blue outline || throwback style, including helmet decal ||
|-
| [[Detroit Lions]] || 16 December 2017 || 28 November 2019 ||2|| grey || white, Honolulu outline || The team had all black color rush uniforms it never wore. The grey uniforms were unveiled along with a whole new set of uniforms in 2017.||
|-
| [[Green Bay Packers]] || 20 October 2016 || 14 October 2019 || 4 || white ||solid green|| essentially white pants with the regular white jersey; the team has continued to wear their [[Reebok]]-era design with few changes||
|-
| [[Houston Texans]] || 14 September 2017 || ''December 27, 2020 (scheduled)'' || 6 ''(Projected)'' || navy blue || solid red || ||
|-
| [[Indianapolis Colts]] || 14 December 2017 || 20 December 2020 || 4 || blue || solid white || essentially blue pants with the regular blue jersey ||
|-
| [[Jacksonville Jaguars]] || 19 November 2015 || 27 October 2016 || 2 || gold ||white, teal outline|| || Discontinued following a team uniform change in 2018.
|-
| [[Kansas City Chiefs]] || ''December 8, 2016'' || 19 October 2017 || 2 || red ||white, yellow outline|| Regular red jersey with red pants ||Adapted as Chiefs recurring home alternate
|-
| [[Las Vegas Raiders]] || 8 December 2016 || 19 October 2017 || 2 || white || silver, black outline || || Jersey is a throwback from the early 1970s and has been retained as such to be worn with their typical silver pants
|-
| [[Los Angeles Chargers]] || 13 October 2016 || 15 December 2019 || 4 || royal blue || gold || Similar to [[Air Coryell]]-era uniforms but in the then-current design template. The original design was replaced during the 2020 uniform update with a similar design in the new template with a second "Midnight Lightning" set in navy blue||
|-
| [[Los Angeles Rams]] || 17 December 2015 || 25 November 2019 || 5 || yellow ||blue||Identical style of throwback jersey, except yellow with dark blue detailing and numbers. For the 2016 game in which the team wore all-white, the team wore white ram's horns (as opposed to metallic gold) on their helmets, which were adopted for the team's standard uniform in 2017.|| Discontinued following a team uniform overhaul in 2020.
|-
| [[Miami Dolphins]] || 29 September 2016 || 29 September 2016 || 1 || orange ||white, aqua blue outline||white stripe on pants outlined in teal and marine blue in style of current uniforms||
|-
| [[Minnesota Vikings]] || 1 December 2016 || 22 November 2020 || 3 || purple || gold || with gold stripes and numbers ||
|-
| [[New England Patriots]] || 22 September 2016 || 8 December 2019 || 7 || blue ||white, red outline|| with red-white-red [[Pat Patriot]]-era shoulder striping, and red-white-red stripes on pants || The first team to wear their Color Rush Uniforms during a Sunday Night Football contest.

An adaptation of the Color Rush uniform with minor tweaks became the primary uniforms beginning in 2020.
|-
| [[New Orleans Saints]] || 17 November 2016 || 8 November 2020 || 10 || white || gold || throwback uniform, circa 1975 with gold numbers instead of black and no colored collar ||
|-
| [[New York Giants]] || 22 December 2016 || ''November 2, 2020 (scheduled)'' || 5 ''(Projected)'' || white ||blue, red outline|| essentially the 1980s and 1990s white uniform with "GIANTS" script on helmets, but the "NY" logo on the collar ||
|-
| [[New York Jets]] || 12 November 2015 || 21 October 2018 || 2 || Kelly green || white with no outline || Kelly green helmet, jersey, and pants, with white and hunter green shoulder stripes || Discontinued when the Jets changed their uniforms to a design based on the Color Rush and 1990s-era uniforms. This set includes an all-black alternate ensemble similar to Color Rush uniforms, although it debuted after the end of the official Color Rush program.
|-
| [[Philadelphia Eagles]] || ''December 22, 2016'' || 11 November 2018 || 2 || black || || || Exactly the same as all-black alternate worn since 2003.
|-
| [[Pittsburgh Steelers]] || 25 December 2016 || 2 December 2020 || 6 || black || gold || Throwback block numbers, similar to 1946-1965 uniform, but with modern stripes all in gold ||
|-
| [[San Francisco 49ers]] || 6 October 2016 || 21 September 2017 || 2 || Black || Red
|| Based on the black alternates from the 2015 season|| Replaced in 2018 by throwback uniforms from the 1994 Super Bowl champion 49ers team, with the ‘94 team themselves having worn this uniform in tribute to the 1955 team.
|-
| [[Seattle Seahawks]] || 15 December 2016 || ''November 19, 2020 (scheduled)'' || 6 ''(Projected)'' || [http://www.kiro7.com/sports/nfl/seattle-seahawks/seahawks-reveal-color-rush-uniforms/445089376 action] green || blue with white border
|| Blue helmets
|| Based on an action green jersey worn over blue pants in 2009
|-
| [[Tampa Bay Buccaneers]] || 17 December 2015 || 8 December 2019 || 7 || red || pewter || || Discontinued following a team uniform change in 2020 and replaced with an all-pewter set.
|-
| [[Tennessee Titans]] || 19 November 2015 || 16 November 2017 || 3 || light blue || || Standard alternate blue jersey with matching pants || Combination previously worn with navy socks between 2006 and 2013. Discontinued following a team uniform change in 2018.
|-
| [[Washington Football Team]] || 30 November 2017 || || 0 || yellow-gold || || Yellow jersey with yellow pants and burgundy numbers || Although the Redskins were originally to wear gold uniforms, they disliked the "garish" gold color chosen for them and opted for an all-burgundy combination of their normal uniforms instead.<ref>http://www.richmond.com/redskins-xtra/redskins-push-back-against-wearing-garish-uniforms-thursday-against-cowboys/article_528ff2be-d472-11e7-8cc9-5ff43696bdf1.html</ref> This ended the league-wide Color Rush program and the weekly color vs. color matchups. Shortly afterwards the NFL would announce the discontinuation of Color Rush.
|}

==Style==

===Jerseys and pants===
Uniforms are primarily one color, although the uniforms include different color accents for the jersey numbers and uniform details. Many uniforms duplicate the stripes and shoulder details of the team's current uniforms, but many do not. The Green Bay Packers' Color Rush Uniforms have the same stripe patterns on the sleeves as their regular uniforms, for instance. Conversely, the New England Patriots Color Rush uniforms mimic the stripes of their uniforms of a previous era. Whereas NFL teams most commonly wear pants in a contrasting color, all the Color Rush uniforms have pants and jerseys of the same color.

===Shoes and socks===
Color Rush uniforms also have matching colored shoes (instead of black or white) and matching socks. Some teams have continued to use their jersey and pants combination post-Color Rush without the matching shoes or socks.

===Helmets===
Most teams helmets do not change for the Color Rush games. The Denver Broncos, the New York Giants, and the Los Angeles Rams will wear helmets with versions of older logos affixed in 2016, while the New York Jets wore helmets with the same logo, but in a green chrome finish, in 2015, with the Cardinals doing the same to their helmets in 2016. Since NFL rules dictate that players wear the same helmet throughout the season, only the decals can change, and the shells remain the same color. As a result, although the Broncos Color Rush helmets resemble the ones used through 1996, it is the same shade of blue as currently used.

===Opposing team whites===
If the Color Rush color is too similar to the home team, or if there are issues with visibility for color-blind viewers, the visiting team will wear their whites. It is unclear how each of these team will modify elements of their uniform for the Color Rush games, if at all. At least one team, the Arizona Cardinals, was given a choice between wearing their traditional white-on-white uniforms or a specially designed all-white uniform from Nike.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cbssports.com/nfl/news/look-only-49ers-to-wear-color-rush-uniforms-for-thursday-night-football-vs-cardinals/|title=LOOK: Only 49ers to wear Color Rush uniforms for Thursday Night Football vs. Cardinals|last=Wilson|first=Ryan|date=5 October 2016|website=CBS Sports|publisher=|access-date=7 October 2016}}</ref> The Cardinals opted for their traditional whites, with white socks. In week two of 2016, the New York Jets wore white facemasks instead of green, white gloves, solid white socks instead of white with green stripes, and white shoes instead of their usual black in the spirit of the Color Rush program.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.foxsports.com/nfl/story/jets-alter-their-color-rush-jerseys-to-help-color-blind-viewers-091416 |title=Jets alter their 'Color Rush' jerseys to help color-blind viewers}}</ref> In week three, the Houston Texans modified their uniforms by wearing solid white socks instead of their blue and white socks. In Week 15, the Rams wore their regular white uniform but switched the horns on the helmet from gold to white, marking the first time the team wore white horns on the helmet since the [[1972 Los Angeles Rams season|1972 season]]; this was also done as a nod to the [[Fearsome Foursome (American football)|Fearsome Foursome]]. The following year in 2017, the Rams decided to make the white horns a part of their regular uniforms, leaving most of their uniform intact save for the pants with the hope to rebrand completely in the near future.<ref>http://profootballtalk.nbcsports.com/2016/12/13/rams-to-wear-old-school-white-horns-on-thursday-night/</ref> In week 5 of 2017, the Patriots wore their regular away jerseys with white pants and socks on the road in Tampa Bay. This was the only time that combination was used, as they adopted a modified color rush uniform as their home set in 2020, with a white version of that jersey created for away games. Coincidentally, [[Tom Brady]] only played in [[Raymond James Stadium]] for that one game during his time with New England, before becoming a Buccaneer.

==Reception and controversy==
===Color blindness===
The first game [[Bills–Jets rivalry|between]] the Bills and Jets proved to be particularly problematic, with the Bills' all-red uniforms and the Jets' kelly green outfits being indistinguishable to those with [[color blindness]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://sports.yahoo.com/blogs/nfl-shutdown-corner/color-blind-people-driven-nuts-watching-red-bills--green-jets-uniforms-021653681.html|last=Edholm|first=Eric|title=Color-blind people driven nuts watching red Bills, green Jets uniforms|work=Yahoo! Sports|date=12 November 2015|accessdate=12 November 2015}}</ref> The other three games managed to avoid any controversy. The Bills and Jets would be matched against each other for three consecutive Color Rush games; for the second, the Jets wore all-white, while for the third, the Bills wore all-white, complete with white face masks.<ref>http://www.espn.com/nfl/story/_/page/QTP_17211JetsBillsRush/new-york-jets-buffalo-bills-pull-color-rush-uniforms-thursday-night-football</ref>

For 2016, Nike brought in doctors from [[Mount Sinai Hospital (Manhattan)|Mount Sinai Hospital]] to point out potential colorblindness issues. Aside from red-green, the NFL also avoided brown-purple (Browns/Ravens) and yellow-bright green (Rams/Seahawks) matchups, requiring one of those teams to wear white uniforms in those games.<ref name="colorblind">http://www.espn.com/nfl/story/_/id/17536350/nike-unveils-color-rush-uniforms-addresses-conflicts-colorblind</ref>

===Team participation===
Some tradition-rich teams such as the [[Green Bay Packers]] and [[New York Giants]] chose to wear an all-white ensemble instead of wearing an all-team color ensemble, despite the Packers playing at home in their first Color Rush game and the team having a historical precedence with an all-green uniform in the early 1950s.<ref>http://www.espn.com/nfl/story/_/id/17538646/uni-watch-goes-game-game-break-nfl-latest-color-rush-uniforms</ref> (The Packers wearing white in the Color Rush game also marked the first time the team wore white in a home game since a two-game experiment at [[Lambeau Field]] in 1989, and only the second time in the team's 97-year history.) Giants co-owner [[John Mara]] said that Nike initially approached the team about doing an all-red ensemble (which Mara rejected out of hand) and later an all-blue ensemble (which Mara initially approved, but got [[cold feet]] at the last minute) before going with the all-white look as a nod to the [[Bill Parcells]] era of the 1980s.<ref>https://prosportsrundown.com/2016/12/22/the-hail-mary-hidden-story-new-york-giants-color-rush-uniforms/</ref> Other teams that chose white as their Color Rush uniforms have either traditionally worn white (such as the [[Dallas Cowboys]]) or have already worn one-color ensembles as part of their regular uniforms on a regular basis, such as the [[New Orleans Saints]] and [[Cincinnati Bengals]]; in the latter's case, the team wore white uniforms as a nod to the [[white tiger]].<ref name="Bengals" />

The Packers and Giants non-participation contrasted with another tradition-rich team, the [[Pittsburgh Steelers]], who fully embraced the Color Rush program and received a positive response from [[Steeler Nation|their fans]] over the all-black look.<ref>http://www.12up.com/posts/3775250-the-steelers-new-color-rush-jerseys-are-amazing</ref> The Steelers plan to make their Color Rush uniform their official [[Third jersey|alternate uniform]] for 2017.<ref name="Steelers">http://www.steelers.com/news/labriola-on/article-1/Labriola-on-bumblebees-switching-positions/e6a6dce9-cbe5-48c6-9feb-675e0cdcf268</ref> Other teams such as the [[Philadelphia Eagles]], [[San Francisco 49ers]], and [[Tennessee Titans]] went with their existing alternate uniforms for the Color Rush program, as opposed to creating a unique uniform for the games, while the [[Kansas City Chiefs]] simply matched their red jerseys up with their red pants—a look that the team had been sporting at times in recent seasons. The [[Chicago Bears]] simply wore their blue pants normally worn with their white jerseys with their blue jerseys, a look the team experimented with in the early 2000s.

In 2017, the [[Washington Football Team|Washington Redskins]] proposed a bylaw which would permit teams to opt out of Color Rush program participation.<ref>http://www.baltimoreravens.com/news/article-1/All-15-NFL-Rule-Change-Proposals-For-2017/5643a94f-bf50-4373-a83d-21da56908b38</ref> The Redskins later pulled the proposal before it went into a vote.<ref>https://www.cbssports.com/nfl/news/report-redskins-pull-proposal-to-opt-out-of-color-rush-uniforms/</ref> However on the week of their Color Rush game, the Redskins announced they would not be wearing the gold color rush uniforms, which the team referred to as "garish", and instead wore their normal burgundy jersey and pants in an ad-hoc nod to the program. The NFL soon after later announced the discontinuation of the program.

Following the official discontinuation of the Color Rush program in 2018, some teams continued to wear their Color Rush uniforms and even branded them as such, following a rule change that allows teams to wear alternate uniforms up to three times per season and allowed two alternate uniforms. The [[Cleveland Browns]], despite unveiling their Color Rush uniform in 2016, did not get the opportunity to wear theirs until the 2018 season, when it was met with great fanfare and subsequently worn two more times by the team that season. The [[Jacksonville Jaguars]], [[Miami Dolphins]], and [[San Francisco 49ers]] dropped their Color Rush uniforms altogether by 2018 (the Jaguars due to an unrelated uniform redesign, while the latter two replaced their Color Rush designs with standard [[throwback uniform]]s), while the [[Tennessee Titans]] (who like the Jaguars also redesigned their uniforms for 2018) actually branding their official third uniform as their Color Rush uniform despite being introduced after the discontinuation of the program. Some teams like the Dallas Cowboys and [[Baltimore Ravens]] also began to incorporate their Color Rush pants into their regular uniform attire while keeping their Color Rush sets.

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

{{NFL}}

[[Category:National Football League]]
[[Category:National Football League controversies]]

List of NFL players born outside the United States

2020-11-29T22:49:55Z

Willy3198: /* List of foreign players currently in the NFL */

Compared to other [[Major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada|major professional sports leagues in the United States]], the [[National Football League]] (NFL) has the lowest percentage of foreign-born players.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Gaines|first1=Cork|title=Sports Chart of the Day: The International Origins Of NFL Players|url=http://www.businessinsider.com/chart-international-origins-of-nfl-players-2011-11|accessdate=February 14, 2017|work=Business Insider|date=November 17, 2011}}</ref> In 2017, roughly 1 out of 33 active players (3.03%) were born outside the US.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Borchers|first1=Callum|title=The NFL has the most protests. It is also the most American sports league.|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2017/10/13/the-nfl-has-the-most-protests-it-is-also-the-most-american-sports-league/|accessdate=October 26, 2017|work=The Washington Post|date=October 13, 2017}}</ref> In recent [[NFL Draft]]s, teams have made efforts to search internationally for prospects.<ref name=Chester>{{cite news|last1=Chester|first1=Simon A.|title=NFL teams looking overseas when searching for draft picks|url=http://draftwire.usatoday.com/2016/02/20/nfl-teams-extending-their-search-overseas-when-looking-for-rookie-prospects-and-new-york-giants-are-first-to-take-advantage/|accessdate=February 14, 2017|work=USA Today|date=February 20, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Clements|first1=Ron|title=NFL's international brand grows with foreign-born NFL Draft prospects|url=http://www.sportingnews.com/nfl/list/nfl-draft-2016-foreign-born-prospects-international-brand/1eg6fqrc35jms1sfvomhocdcf8|accessdate=February 14, 2017|work=Sporting News|date=April 27, 2016}}</ref> A record 12 international players were drafted in the [[2015 NFL Draft]]. As of the beginning of the [[2020 NFL season]], Canada is the most represented foreign country in the NFL, with 12 players, followed by Nigeria with 8 players and Australia with 6.<ref name=PFRbirth/>

Internationals have played in the NFL since the league's founding season in [[1920 APFA season|1920]]. There have been nine foreign-born players inducted into the [[Pro Football Hall of Fame]]. Many international players have found success on [[special teams]]; two of the three highest scorers in NFL history were foreign born: kickers [[Morten Andersen]] of Denmark and [[Gary Anderson (placekicker)|Gary Anderson]] of South Africa.<ref name=Chu>{{cite news|last1=Chu|first1=Hau|title=Best players to cross an ocean to play in the NFL|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/sports/football/best-foreign-born-nfl-players-article-1.2361792|accessdate=February 14, 2017|work=New York Daily News|date=September 15, 2015}}</ref> Canada is the all-time most represented foreign country, with 107 players, followed by Germany with 80 players and Jamaica with 40.<ref name=PFRbirth/>

==History==

===Beginnings===
At least nine foreign-born players played in the inaugural season of the NFL, the [[1920 APFA season|1920 season]].<ref name=PFRbirth>{{cite web|title=Player Birthplaces|url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/friv/birthplaces.htm|website=Pro-Football-Reference.com|publisher=Sports Reference|accessdate=October 27, 2017}}</ref> These included:
* German brothers [[John Nesser]] and [[Phil Nesser]] for the [[Columbus Panhandles]]. They were part of the [[Nesser Brothers]], one of American football's most famous families of the early 20th century.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Hunter|first1=Bob|title=Forgotten Family: The Nesser Brothers of Columbus, Ohio|url=http://www.daytontriangles.com/nessers.htm|accessdate=October 27, 2017|work=The Columbus Dispatch|date=January 27, 2002}}</ref>
* Canadian [[Tommy Hughitt]], player-coach for the [[Buffalo (NFL)|Buffalo All-Americans]]. A star quarterback for the [[Michigan Wolverines football]] team before joining the NFL, he was named to the [[1922 All-Pro Team]] by [[George Halas]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Tommy Hughitt Stats|url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/H/HughTo20.htm|website=Pro-Football-Reference.com|publisher=Sports Reference|accessdate=October 27, 2017}}</ref> As Buffalo's head coach, he led the team to 34 wins, 15 losses, and 7 ties from 1920 to 1924.<ref>{{cite web|title=Tommy Hughitt Record, Statistics, and Category Ranks|url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/coaches/HughTo0.htm|website=Pro-Football-Reference.com|publisher=Sports Reference|accessdate=October 27, 2017}}</ref>
* Irishman [[Bob Nash (American football)|Bob Nash]] for the [[Akron Pros]]. He contributed to several firsts in NFL history, including being the first player to score a touchdown on a fumble recovery and later was the first captain of the [[New York Giants]].<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Braunwart|first1=Bob|last2=Carroll|first2=Bob|title=The First NFL Game(s)|journal=The Coffin Corner|date=1981|volume=3|issue=2|url=http://www.profootballresearchers.org/Coffin_Corner/03-02-059.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120807123600/http://www.profootballresearchers.org/Coffin_Corner/03-02-059.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=2012-08-07|accessdate=October 27, 2017}}</ref> He was also part of the first player-trade between league teams when he was sold to the Buffalo All-Americans prior to a game in 1920 for $300 ({{Inflation|US|300|1920|fmt=eq}}) and five percent of the gate receipts.<ref>{{cite web|title=Chronology of Football (1869–1939)|url=http://www.profootballhof.com/football-history/history-of-football/1869-1939/1920-american-professional-football-conference-is-formed/|publisher=Pro Football Hall of Fame|accessdate=October 27, 2017}}</ref>

===Hispanics and Latin Americans===
{{see also|List of Hispanic professional American football players}}
The first Hispanic to play in the NFL was [[Lou Molinet|Ignacio Saturnino "Lou" Molinet]], a Cuban who signed and played with the [[Frankford Yellow Jackets]] in 1927. His contract was donated to the [[Pro Football Hall of Fame]] by his daughter in 2000. Following Molinet were brothers [[Jess Rodriguez]] and [[Kelly Rodriguez]] of Spain; Jess was a tailback for the [[Buffalo Bisons]] in 1929, while Kelly played for the Yellow Jackets and [[Minneapolis Red Jackets]] in 1930.<ref name=LatinHOF>{{cite web|last1=Longoria|first1=Mario|title=Latin-Americans in Pro Football|url=http://www.profootballhof.com/football-history/latin-americans-in-pro-football/|publisher=Pro Football Hall of Fame|accessdate=October 26, 2017}}</ref>

In 1944, the [[Philadelphia Eagles]] drafted [[Steve Van Buren]], a halfback who was born in [[La Ceiba]], [[Honduras]], to an American father and Spanish mother. He played for the Eagles for eight seasons and retired as the NFL's career leader in rushing attempts, rushing yards, and rushing touchdowns. Van Buren became the first Hispanic inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1965.<ref>{{cite news|title=Steve Van Buren, Philadelphia Eagles player, Pro Football Hall of Fame inductee|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/sports/steve-van-buren-philadelphia-eagles-player-pro-football-hall-of-fame-inductee/2012/08/24/31985320-ee1e-11e1-afd6-f55f84bc0c41_story.html|accessdate=October 27, 2017|work=The Washington Post|date=August 24, 2012}}</ref>

In 1948, the [[Los Angeles Rams]] drafted [[Tom Fears]]. Fears was born in [[Guadalajara]], Mexico, to an American father and Mexican mother. He led the Rams' receiving game as a [[split end]] from 1948 to 1956, winning an [[NFL championship]] with the team in 1951. He later became the first Latino head coach in the NFL, serving as head coach of the [[New Orleans Saints]] from their inauguration in 1967 through 1970. Fears was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1970.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Litsky|first1=Frank|title=Tom Fears, N.F.L. End and Coach, Dies at 77|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/01/08/sports/tom-fears-nfl-end-and-coach-dies-at-77.html|accessdate=October 27, 2017|work=The New York Times|date=January 8, 2000}}</ref><ref name=Branch>{{cite news|last1=Branch|first1=John|title=For Alberto Riveron, From Cuba to N.F.L.'s First Hispanic Referee|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/16/sports/football/16ref.html?pagewanted=all|accessdate=October 27, 2017|work=The New York Times|date=November 15, 2008}}</ref>
1994 Arizona Cardinals sign a QB Eduardo "Zeus" González, played college with the Condores team, from National Autonomous University of Mexico UNAM in Mexico City. 1990 and 1991 MVP Player, a QB with more yards per air, as one of the regular season games, with more yards by air vs Ginda y Blanco of IPN, throw more than 500yds per air. Let go in the same year. After 2 years in 1996 he sign a new contract with Cardinals of Palermo in Italy at the Golden League. And the end of the season he presented, the project, to do and be part for the first time with an Italian National team to appear in one of the most importantly game in Mexico called "Tazón Azteca"
this game is celebrated each year at the end of the college season in this country. being also the 1st QB of Mexico to play against the selection of Mexico 1996.

===Europeans===
Several native Europeans played in the NFL's inaugural season in 1920, including fullback [[John Barsha]] of Russia, tackle [[John Kvist]] of Sweden, end Bob Nash of Ireland, and German brothers John and Phil Nesser.<ref name=PFRbirth/> Later, [[Bronko Nagurski]] signed with the [[Chicago Bears]]. Although born in Canada, he was the son of Ukrainian immigrants and well known for his Ukrainian heritage. Born Bronislau Nagurski, he became renown for his extraordinary strength and power as a fullback and linebacker for the Bears in the 1930s.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Rogers|first1=Thomas|title=Bronko Nagurski Is Dead at 81; Star Runner for Chicago Bears|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/01/09/obituaries/bronko-nagurski-is-dead-at-81-star-runner-for-chicago-bears.html|accessdate=October 28, 2017|work=The New York Times|date=January 9, 1990}}</ref>

Fullback [[Ace Gutowsky]] of Komolty, [[Russian Empire]], played for the [[Detroit Lions]] from 1932 to 1938 and became the franchise's career leader in rushing yards. Contemporary sources state Gutowsky also set the NFL's career rushing yards record of 3,399 in 1939 as a member of the [[Brooklyn Dodgers (NFL)|Brooklyn Dodgers]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Pro Football Mark Broken by Gutowsky; Dodger Back's All-Time Total of 3,399 Yards Tops League|newspaper=The New York Times|date=October 26, 1939|accessdate=October 28, 2017|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1939/10/26/archives/pro-football-mark-broken-by-gutowsky-dodger-backs-alltime-total-of.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Gutowsky Sets Pro Grid Mark|newspaper=Los Angeles Times|date=October 25, 1939}}</ref>

In 1950, the [[San Francisco 49ers]] used their first draft pick as an NFL franchise on [[Leo Nomellini]], a defensive tackle from the [[Minnesota Golden Gophers football|University of Minnesota]] who was born in [[Lucca]], Italy, and moved to Chicago at a young age. Nomellini played with the 49ers until he retired in 1963 after 10 Pro Bowl invitations and nine [[All-Pro]] selections. He was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1969 and the [[Italian American Sports Hall of Fame]] in 1979.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Goldstein|first1=Richard|title=Leo Nomellini, 76, 49er Star And an N.F.L. Hall of Famer|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/10/27/sports/leo-nomellini-76-49er-star-and-an-nfl-hall-of-famer.html|accessdate=October 28, 2017|work=The New York Times|date=October 22, 2000}}</ref>

[[Garo Yepremian]], born in [[Larnaca]], [[Cyprus]], was a placekicker for the Detroit Lions, Miami Dolphins, New Orleans Saints, and Tampa Bay Buccaneers during a career from 1966 to 1981. He won two Super Bowls and was a two-time Pro Bowl selection with the Dolphins, and is a member of the [[NFL 1970s All-Decade Team]]. But Yepremian may best be remembered for a blunder during the Dolphins' victory in [[Super Bowl VII]], in which his attempt to pass the ball after a blocked field goal attempt resulted in a fumble returned 49 yards for the Washington Redskins' only touchdown of the game.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Stout |first1=David |title=Garo Yepremian, Whose Kicks Outshined One Pass, Dies at 70 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/17/sports/football/garo-yepremian-70-dies-his-kicks-outshined-a-pass.html |accessdate=September 9, 2018 |work=The New York Times |date=May 16, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Knoblauch |first1=Austin |title=Garo Yepremian dies at 70; kicker part of undefeated Dolphins team |url=http://www.latimes.com/sports/sportsnow/la-sp-sn-garo-yepremian-dies-dolphins-kicker-20150516-story.html |accessdate=September 9, 2018 |work=Los Angeles Times |date=May 16, 2015}}</ref>

[[Scandinavia]] has produced the two lone exclusive [[placekicker]]s in the Pro Football Hall of Fame. [[Jan Stenerud]] came from [[Fetsund]], Norway, to the U.S. by way of a skiing scholarship to [[Montana State University]]. There he picked up placekicking, and was drafted by the [[Kansas City Chiefs]] in the [[1966 American Football League draft|1966 AFL draft]]. He played 19 seasons in the AFL and NFL with the Chiefs, [[Green Bay Packers]], and [[Minnesota Vikings]] and kicked a then-record 373 field goals.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Gregorian|first1=Vahe|title=Fifty years after arriving in KC, Jan Stenerud’s extraordinary story should eclipse one bad day|url=http://www.kansascity.com/sports/spt-columns-blogs/vahe-gregorian/article150406552.html|accessdate=November 10, 2017|work=The Kansas City Star|date=May 13, 2017}}</ref> [[Morten Andersen]], born in [[Copenhagen]], [[Denmark]], played 25 seasons in the NFL for five different teams. Nicknamed the "Great Dane", he is the NFL's career leader in field goals made and attempted, games played, and points scored. He retired as the career franchise leader in points scored for both the [[New Orleans Saints]] and [[Atlanta Falcons]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Duncan|first1=Jeff|title=A great night for the Great Dane: Morten Andersen becomes Saints' third Hall of Famer|url=http://www.nola.com/saints/index.ssf/2017/08/morten_andersen_early_hall_of.html|accessdate=November 10, 2017|work=The Times-Picayune|date=August 5, 2017}}</ref>

English-born placekicker [[John Smith (American football)|John Smith]] played for the [[New England Patriots]] from 1974 to 1983. Although he led the league in scoring twice and was invited to the Pro Bowl in 1980, he is best known for kicking a game-winning field goal against the [[Miami Dolphins]] in 1982 in the famous [[Snowplow Game]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Thomas|first1=Mike|title=Whatever Happened to: John Smith|url=http://www.heraldnews.com/x2081096206/Whatever-happened-to-John-Smith|accessdate=December 11, 2017|work=The Herald News|date=March 9, 2009}}</ref> Other notable Englishmen include [[Atlanta Falcons]] placekicker [[Mick Luckhurst]], who went on to present [[Channel 4]]'s NFL coverage on UK television from 1987 to 1991, two-time Pro Bowl defensive end [[Osi Umenyiora]] and current Eagles running back [[Jay Ajayi]]. While with the [[Miami Dolphins]] in 2016, the London-born Ajayi became the fourth player in NFL history to rush for 200 or more yards three times in a season.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Kelly|first1=Omar|title=Dolphins' Ajayi becomes fourth RB in NFL history to rush for 200-plus yards three times in a season|url=http://www.sun-sentinel.com/sports/miami-dolphins/fl-dolphins-notes-1225-20161224-story.html|accessdate=December 11, 2017|work=Sun-Sentinel|date=December 24, 2016}}</ref> He also became the first London-born [[skill position]] player to play in his hometown, when the Dolphins faced the Saints in the [[NFL International Series]] at [[Wembley Stadium]] in 2017.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Rapoport|first1=Ian|title=Miami Dolphins RB Jay Ajayi makes history in London|url=http://www.nfl.com/news/story/0ap3000000853736/article/miami-dolphins-rb-jay-ajayi-makes-history-in-london|accessdate=December 11, 2017|work=NFL.com|date=October 1, 2017}}</ref>

===Pacific Islanders===
In recent decades, [[Polynesians]]—in particular [[Samoans]]—have found great success in the NFL,<ref name=Steinberg>{{cite news|last1=Steinberg|first1=Leigh|title=How Can Tiny Samoa Dominate The NFL?|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/leighsteinberg/2015/05/21/how-can-tiny-samoa-dominate-the-nfl/#2ca966a7bfbb|accessdate=November 8, 2017|work=Forbes|date=May 21, 2015}}</ref><ref name=Phillips>{{cite news|last1=Phillips|first1=Craig|title=Polynesian NFL Players: Pipeline to the Pinnacle of Football|url=http://www.pbs.org/independentlens/content/polynesian-nfl-players-pipeline-to-the-pinnacle-of-football/|accessdate=November 8, 2017|publisher=PBS|date=January 22, 2016}}</ref> so much so that the island of [[American Samoa]] has been referred to as "Football Island" by outsiders.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Pelley|first1=Scott|title=American Samoa: Football Island|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/american-samoa-football-island-17-09-2010/|accessdate=November 9, 2017|publisher=CBS News|date=January 17, 2010}}</ref><ref name=Steinberg/><ref>{{cite news|last1=Sonny|first1=Julian|title=Inside Football Island: How Samoa Is Breeding The World’s Best Football Stars|url=https://www.elitedaily.com/sports/inside-football-island-samoa-breeding-worlds-best-football-stars|accessdate=November 9, 2017|work=Elite Daily|date=April 1, 2014}}</ref> According to ''[[Forbes]]'' in 2015, a Samoan male was 56 times more likely to play in the NFL than a non-Samoan male.<ref name=Steinberg/>

Samoans began to make their mark in the NFL in the 1970s with players such as [[Jack Thompson (American football)|Jack "The Throwin' Samoan" Thompson]] and [[Pago Pago]] native [[Mosi Tatupu]]. Thompson was the first Polynesian quarterback in the NFL,<ref name=Phillips/> and Tatupu was invited to the Pro Bowl in 1986 as a [[special teams]] player.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Noland|first1=Claire|title=Mosi Tatupu dies at 54; USC fullback became a special-teams staple for New England|url=http://articles.latimes.com/2010/feb/25/local/la-me-mosi-tatupu25-2010feb25|accessdate=November 8, 2017|work=Los Angeles Times|date=February 25, 2010}}</ref> Current NFL player and [[American Samoa]] native [[Mike Iupati]] has been invited to four Pro Bowls as an [[offensive guard]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Mike Iupati Stats|url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/I/IupaMi20.htm|accessdate=November 8, 2017|work=Pro-Football-Reference.com|publisher=Sports Reference}}</ref>

[[Vai Sikahema]] was the first [[Tonga]] native in the NFL. He led the league in punt return yards in 1986 and 1987 while playing for the [[History of the St. Louis Cardinals (NFL)|St. Louis Cardinals]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Vai Sikahema Stats|url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/S/SikaVa00.htm|website=Pro-Football-Reference.com|publisher=Sports Reference|accessdate=November 8, 2017}}</ref> Sikahema's cousin, [[Deuce Lutui|Taitusi "Deuce" Lutui]], also from Tonga, later played seven seasons in the NFL as an offensive guard. [[Super Bowl XLIII]] featured two Tongan offensive guards in Lutui for the Cardinals and [[Chris Kemoeatu]] for the Steelers.<ref>{{cite news|title=Tongan pair join Big Ben centre stage|url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/archive/news/tongan-pair-join-big-ben-centre-stage/story-e6frg7mo-1111118726604|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140809043409/http://www.theaustralian.com.au/archive/news/tongan-pair-join-big-ben-centre-stage/story-e6frg7mo-1111118726604|url-status=dead|archive-date=August 9, 2014|accessdate=November 9, 2017|work=The Australian|date=February 2, 2009}}</ref>

The [[Polynesian Football Hall of Fame]] was established in 2013 to honor the greatest players, coaches, and contributors of Polynesian descent in football history.<ref>{{cite news|title=Polynesian Football Hall of Fame announces 2018 Polynesian Bowl and first player commitments|url=http://www.hawaiinewsnow.com/story/34302655/polynesian-football-hall-of-fame-announces-2018-polynesian-bowl-and-first-player-commitments|accessdate=November 10, 2017|work=Hawaii News Now|date=January 19, 2017}}</ref> Native Polynesian NFL players that have been inducted include Thompson, Tatupu, Sikahema, New Zealander [[Riki Ellison]], and Samoans [[Jesse Sapolu]] and [[Maa Tanuvasa]]. Tongan [[Ma'ake Kemoeatu]], cousin of Chris, was announced as an inductee for the 2018 class.<ref>{{cite news|title=Polynesian Football Hall of Fame unveils Class of 2018|url=http://www.nfl.com/news/story/0ap3000000859853/article/polynesian-football-hall-of-fame-unveils-class-of-2018|accessdate=November 10, 2017|work=NFL.com|date=October 10, 2017}}</ref>

[[File:Hines Ward pregame 2006-11-26.jpg|thumb|upright=.75|[[Seoul]] native [[Hines Ward]]]]

===Asians===
Placekicker [[John Lee (placekicker)|John Lee]] was the first Asian drafted in the NFL.<ref>{{cite news|last=Freeman|first=Mike|title=Nguyen Has Made His Own Long Journey, and the N.F.L. Is in Sight|date=April 5, 1999|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1999/04/05/sports/football-nguyen-has-made-his-own-long-journey-and-the-nfl-is-in-sight.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170914013359/http://www.nytimes.com/1999/04/05/sports/football-nguyen-has-made-his-own-long-journey-and-the-nfl-is-in-sight.html|archivedate=September 14, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> He was born in [[Seoul]], South Korea. The four-year, $900,000 contract he signed with the Cardinals in 1986 was the richest in NFL history for a kicker.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Ostler|first1=Scott|title=UCLA Placekicker John Lee Agrees to Sign Four-Year Cardinal Contract for $900,000|url=http://articles.latimes.com/1986-07-28/sports/sp-18506_1_nfl-kicker|accessdate=November 8, 2017|work=Los Angeles Times|date=July 28, 1986}}</ref> Although highly successful in college for the [[UCLA Bruins football|UCLA Bruins]], he lasted only one season in the NFL.<ref name=Chi>{{cite news|last1=Chi|first1=Samuel|title=Who Says Asians Can't Play American Football?|url=https://thediplomat.com/2013/08/who-says-asians-cant-play-american-football/|accessdate=November 8, 2017|work=The Diplomat|date=August 29, 2013}}</ref>

One of the most popular Asian-born players in NFL history is [[Hines Ward]]. Born in Seoul to a Korean mother and African-American serviceman, Ward played 14 seasons for the [[Pittsburgh Steelers]] from 1998 to 2011 and is currently coaching in the NFL. During his career he won two Super Bowls, was invited to four Pro Bowls, and set numerous Steelers franchise receiving records.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Briscoe|first1=Jake|title=Top 10 Asian Football Players – 2017 Update|url=http://gazettereview.com/2017/06/top-10-asian-football-players/|accessdate=November 8, 2017|work=The Gazette Review|date=June 27, 2017}}</ref><ref name=Chi/>

===Africans===
In 1984, [[Obed Ariri]] of [[Owerri]], Nigeria, set [[Tampa Bay Buccaneers]] franchise single-season records for field goals (19 of 26) and points (95).<ref>{{cite news|last1=Scheiber|first1=Dave|title=Low profile|url=http://www.sptimes.com/2004/07/27/Sports/Low_profile.shtml|accessdate=November 9, 2017|work=St. Petersburg Times|date=July 27, 2004}}</ref> Ariri also encouraged fellow Nigeria native [[Donald Igwebuike]] to tryout as kicker for the [[Clemson Tigers football]] team. The Buccaneers cut Ariri after the 1984 season and signed Igwebuike, who went on to become Tampa Bay's career leader in field goals and scoring.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Greene|first1=Jerry|title=Kickers: The Agony Of The Feet|url=http://articles.orlandosentinel.com/1985-09-19/sports/0330100280_1_kickers-lowery-extra-points|accessdate=November 9, 2017|work=Orlando Sentinel|date=September 19, 1985}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Casey|first1=Tim|title=Throwback Thursday: When Nigerian Soccer Player Donald Igwebuike Kicked Clemson to a College Football Championship|url=https://sports.vice.com/en_us/article/78n9zg/throwback-thursday-when-nigerian-soccer-player-donald-igwebuike-kicked-clemson-to-a-college-football-championship|accessdate=November 9, 2017|work=Vice|date=January 7, 2016}}</ref> A later representative of Nigeria was fullback [[Christian Okoye]] of [[Enugu]], who became famous as the "Nigerian Nightmare" due to his powerful running style and ability to break tackles.<ref>{{cite news|title=Real Nightmare: Okoye Tells of Enduring Family Tragedy--the Death of First Child|url=http://articles.latimes.com/1991-07-25/sports/sp-323_1_christian-okoye|accessdate=November 9, 2017|work=Los Angeles Times|agency=Associated Press|date=July 25, 1991}}</ref>

Players representing Africa as of the 2017 season include [[Kenya]] native [[Daniel Adongo]] for the [[Indianapolis Colts]] as an Outside Linebacker,[[Liberia]] native [[Tamba Hali]], a five-time Pro Bowl outside linebacker for the [[Kansas City Chiefs]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Tamba Hali Stats|url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/H/HaliTa20.htm|website=Pro-Football-Reference.com|publisher=Sports Reference|accessdate=November 9, 2017}}</ref> and [[Ghana]] native [[Ezekiel Ansah|Ezekiel "Ziggy" Ansah]], a defensive end the [[Detroit Lions]]. Despite his young career, Ansah has been called one of the most influential and greatest Africans to play in the NFL.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Bonsu|first1=Benny|title=Is Ziggy Ansah the best African player in the NFL of all time?|url=https://trueafrica.co/article/is-ziggy-ansah-the-best-african-player-in-the-nfl-of-all-time/|accessdate=November 9, 2017|work=True Africa|date=December 18, 2015}}</ref><ref name=Chu/> Ansah was invited to the Pro Bowl in 2015 after recording 14.5 sacks and forcing four fumbles.<ref>{{cite news|title=Meet the Athlete from Ghana turned NFL Pro|url=http://time.com/collection-post/4512286/ziggy-anash-american-voices/|accessdate=November 9, 2017|work=Time|date=October 3, 2016}}</ref>

===Australians===
{{see also|Australians in American football}}
Recent seasons have seen a surge of Australians in the NFL primarily at the punter position.<ref name=Mather>{{cite news|last1=Mather|first1=Victor|title=Australian Football Becomes a Punting Pipeline for the American Game|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/10/23/sports/ncaafootball/australian-football-becomes-a-punting-pipeline-for-the-american-game.html|accessdate=November 9, 2017|work=The New York Times|date=October 22, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Wood|first1=Patrick|last2=Kennedy|first2=Paul|title=NFL: How Aussie punters are taking American football by storm|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-03-30/how-australian-punters-are-taking-over-american-football/8393124|accessdate=November 9, 2017|publisher=ABC|date=March 29, 2017}}</ref> As punting is a vital aspect of [[Australian rules football]], many players who are not fit for the physical play of that league have been able to find success in American football. The first Australian in the NFL was [[Melbourne]] native [[Colin Ridgeway]], a punter who played a single season with the [[Dallas Cowboys]] in 1965.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Ison|first1=Rebekah|title=Colin Ridgway, the tragic tale of Australia's first NFL player|url=http://www.smh.com.au/sport/colin-ridgway-the-tragic-tale-of-australias-first-nfl-player-20141017-117nu2.html|accessdate=November 9, 2017|work=The Sydney Morning Herald|date=October 17, 2014}}</ref> The first to spend significant time in the league was [[Darren Bennett (football player)|Darren Bennett]], who was a punter for the [[San Diego Chargers]] and [[Minnesota Vikings]] from 1995 to 2005. He is credited with having paved the way for the upsurge of recent Australian punters in the NFL, which includes [[Ben Graham (football player)|Ben Graham]], [[Matt McBriar]], [[Brad Wing]], [[Saverio Rocca]], [[Jordan Berry]], and [[Lac Edwards]].<ref name=Mather/>

Defensive tackle [[Colin Scotts]] was the first Australian to be drafted into the NFL, selected by the Cardinals in the third round of the 1987 draft.<ref name=Withers>{{cite news|last1=Withers|first1=Andy|title=Jarryd Hayne leaves massive NFL legacy in Australia – Colin Scotts|url=http://www.espn.com/nfl/story/_/id/15556474/jarryd-hayne-leaves-massive-nfl-legacy-american-football-australia-colin-scotts|accessdate=November 10, 2017|work=ESPN.com|date=May 15, 2016}}</ref> In 2015, [[rugby league]] footballer [[Jarryd Hayne]] of Sydney signed with the [[San Francisco 49ers]] as an [[undrafted free agent]]. He played a limited role in eight games for the 49ers as a running back and punt returner before returning to Australia to resume his rugby career.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Dubin|first1=Jared|title=49ers' Jarryd Hayne is retiring from the NFL to return to rugby|url=https://www.cbssports.com/nfl/news/49ers-jarryd-hayne-is-retiring-from-the-nfl-to-return-to-rugby/|accessdate=November 10, 2017|publisher=CBS Sports|date=May 15, 2016}}</ref> Despite Hayne's brief NFL career, Scotts credited him with spurring the popularity of American football in Australia.<ref name=Withers/>

===Canadians===
{{see also|List of Canadians in the National Football League}}
Canadians make the most significant single source of foreign-born NFL players, due to the close [[Canada–United States relations|geographical, linguistic, economic, and cultural ties between Canada and the United States]]. Most importantly, Canadians play their own domestic [[gridiron football]] code known as [[Canadian football]] and have their own professional equivalent to the NFL, the [[Canadian Football League]] (CFL). Because the two sports are very similar, American and Canadian players regularly transition between the two leagues. Canadians have played in the NFL since its first season when [[Jim Bryant (American football)|Jim Bryant]], [[Perce Wilson]], and [[Tommy Hughitt]] suited up.

==List of foreign players in the Pro Football Hall of Fame==
[[File:Van Buren 1952 Bowman.jpg|thumb|right|Hall of Fame halfback [[Steve Van Buren]] was born in [[La Ceiba]], [[Honduras]].]]
Nine former players born outside the United States have been inducted into the [[Pro Football Hall of Fame]].

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Player !! Birthplace !! Position !! Team(s) !! Inducted !! class="unsortable"|Source
|-
| {{sortname|Morten|Andersen}} || {{DEN}} || [[Placekicker]] || [[New Orleans Saints]] (1982–1994) [[Atlanta Falcons]] (1995–2000) [[New York Giants]] (2001) [[Kansas City Chiefs]] (2002–2003) [[Minnesota Vikings]] (2004) [[Atlanta Falcons]] (2006–2007) || 2017 ||<ref>{{cite web|title=Morten Andersen Stats|url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/A/andermor01.htm|website=Pro-Football-Reference.com|publisher=Sports Reference|accessdate=October 26, 2017}}</ref>
|-
| {{sortname|Tom|Fears}} || {{MEX}} || [[End (gridiron football)|End]] || [[Los Angeles Rams]] (1948–1956) || 1970 ||<ref>{{cite web|title=Tom Fears Stats|url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/F/FearTo00.htm|website=Pro-Football-Reference.com|publisher=Sports Reference|accessdate=October 26, 2017}}</ref>
|-
| {{sortname|Ted|Hendricks}} || {{GTM}} || [[Linebacker]] || [[Baltimore Colts]] (1969–1973) [[Green Bay Packers]] (1974) [[Oakland Raiders|Oakland / Los Angeles Raiders]] (1975–1983) || 1990 ||<ref>{{cite web|title=Ted Hendricks Stats|url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/H/HendTe00.htm|website=Pro-Football-Reference.com|publisher=Sports Reference|accessdate=October 26, 2017}}</ref>
|-
| {{sortname|Bronko|Nagurski}} || {{CAN}} || [[Fullback (gridiron football)|Fullback]] || [[Chicago Bears]] (1930–1937, 1943) || 1963 ||<ref>{{cite web|title=Bronko Nagurski Stats|url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/N/NaguBr00.htm|website=Pro-Football-Reference.com|publisher=Sports Reference|accessdate=October 26, 2017}}</ref>
|-
| {{sortname|Leo|Nomellini}} || {{ITA}} || [[Defensive tackle]] || [[San Francisco 49ers]] (1950–1963) || 1969 ||<ref>{{cite web|title=Leo Nomellini Stats|url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/N/NomeLe00.htm|website=Pro-Football-Reference.com|publisher=Sports Reference|accessdate=October 26, 2017}}</ref>
|-
| {{sortname|Ernie|Stautner}} || {{GER}} || [[Defensive tackle]] || [[Pittsburgh Steelers]] (1950–1963) || 1969 ||<ref>{{cite web|title=Ernie Stautner Stats|url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/S/StauEr00.htm|website=Pro-Football-Reference.com|publisher=Sports Reference|accessdate=October 26, 2017}}</ref>
|-
| {{sortname|Jan|Stenerud}} || {{NOR}} || [[Placekicker]] || [[Kansas City Chiefs]] (1967–1979) [[Green Bay Packers]] (1980–1983) [[Minnesota Vikings]] (1984–1985) || 1991 ||<ref>{{cite web|title=Jan Stenerud Stats|url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/S/stenejan01.htm|website=Pro-Football-Reference.com|publisher=Sports Reference|accessdate=October 26, 2017}}</ref>
|-
| {{sortname|Steve|Van Buren}} || {{HND}} || [[Halfback (American football)|Halfback]] || [[Philadelphia Eagles]] (1944–1951) || 1965 ||<ref>{{cite web|title=Steve Van Buren Stats|url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/V/VanBSt00.htm|website=Pro-Football-Reference.com|publisher=Sports Reference|accessdate=October 26, 2017}}</ref>
|-
| {{sortname|Arnie|Weinmeister}} || {{CAN}} || [[Defensive tackle]] || [[New York Giants]] (1950–1953) || 1984 ||<ref>{{cite web|title=Arnie Weinmeister Stats|url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/W/WeinAr00.htm|website=Pro-Football-Reference.com|publisher=Sports Reference|accessdate=October 26, 2017}}</ref>
|}

==List of foreign players currently in the NFL==
This list includes players active as of the 2020 NFL season who were:
* born outside the United States, or
* born within the U.S., but holding nationality in another country from birth.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Nationality
!Birthplace
!Player
!Position
!First year
!Team
|-
| {{ALB}}
| {{ALB}}
| {{sortname|Kristjan|Sokoli|}}
|DE
|{{nfly|2015}}
| align="center"| [[Free agent]]
|-
| {{AUS}}
| {{AUS}}
| {{sortname|Jordan|Berry|}}
|P
|{{nfly|2015}}
| align="center"|[[Pittsburgh Steelers]]
|-
| {{AUS}}
| {{AUS}}
| {{sortname|Michael|Dickson|Michael Dickson (American football)|}}
|P
|{{nfly|2018}}
| align="center"|[[Seattle Seahawks]]
|-
| {{AUS}}
| {{AUS}}
| {{sortname|Lac|Edwards|}}
|P
|{{nfly|2016}}
| align="center"|[[Free agent]]
|-
| {{AUS}}
| {{AUS}}
| {{sortname|Adam|Gotsis|}}
|DE
|{{nfly|2016}}
| align="center"|[[Jacksonville Jaguars]]
|-
| {{AUS}}
| {{AUS}}
| {{sortname|Cameron|Johnston|Cameron Johnston (footballer)|}}
|P
|{{nfly|2017}}
| align="center"|[[Philadelphia Eagles]]
|-
| {{AUS}}
| {{AUS}}
| {{sortname|Jordan|Mailata}}
|OT
|{{nfly|2018}}
| align="center"|[[Philadelphia Eagles]]
|-
| {{AUS}}
| {{AUS}}
| {{sortname|Mitch|Wishnowsky|}}
|P
|{{nfly|2019}}
| align="center"|[[San Francisco 49ers]]
|-
|{{BLZ}}
|{{BLZ}}
| {{sortname|Rakeem|Nuñez-Roches}}
|DE
|{{nfly|2015}}
| align="center"|[[Tampa Bay Buccaneers]]
|-
| {{BRA}}
| {{BRA}}
| {{sortname|Cairo|Santos|}}
|K
|{{nfly|2014}}
| align="center"|[[Chicago Bears]]
|-
| {{CMR}}
| {{CMR}}
| {{sortname|Steve|Longa|}}
|LB
|{{nfly|2016}}
| align="center"|[[Free agent]]
|-
| {{CAN}}
| {{CAN}}
| {{sortname|Eli|Ankou|}}
|DT
|{{nfly|2017}}
| align="center"|[[Indianapolis Colts]]
|-
| {{CAN}}
| {{CAN}}
| {{sortname|Antony|Auclair|}}
|TE
|{{nfly|2017}}
| align="center"| [[Tampa Bay Buccaneers]]
|-
| {{CAN}}
| {{CAN}}
| {{sortname|Tevaughn|Campbell|}}
|CB
|{{nfly|2019}}
| align="center"| [[Los Angeles Chargers]]
|-
| {{CAN}}
| {{CAN}}
| {{sortname|Chase|Claypool|}}
|WR
|{{nfly|2020}}
| align="center"|[[Pittsburgh Steelers]]
|-
| {{CAN}}
| {{CAN}}
| {{sortname|Christian|Covington|}}
|DT
|{{nfly|2015}}
| align="center"|[[Cincinnati Bengals]]
|-
| {{CAN}}
| {{CAN}}
| {{sortname|Tyrone|Crawford|}}
|DE
|{{nfly|2012}}
| align="center"|[[Dallas Cowboys]]
|-
| {{CAN}}
| {{CAN}}
| {{sortname|Laurent|Duvernay-Tardif|}}
|OG
|{{nfly|2014}}
| align="center"|[[Kansas City Chiefs]]
|-
| {{CAN}}
| {{CAN}}
| {{sortname|Neville|Gallimore|}}
|DE
|{{nfly|2020}}
| align="center"|[[Dallas Cowboys]]
|-
| {{VIN}}
| {{CAN}}
| {{sortname|N'Keal|Harry|}}
|WR
|{{nfly|2019}}
| align="center"|[[New England Patriots]]
|-
| {{USA}}
| {{CAN}}
| {{sortname|T. J.|Jones|}}
|WR
|{{nfly|2014}}
| align="center"|[[Free agent]]
|-
| {{CAN}}
| {{CAN}}
| {{sortname|Brett|Jones|Brett Jones (gridiron football)}}
|C
|{{nfly|2015}}
| align="center"|[[Minnesota Vikings]]
|-
| {{CAN}}
| {{CAN}}
| {{sortname|L. P.|Ladouceur|}}
|LS
|{{nfly|2005}}
| align="center"|[[Dallas Cowboys]]
|-
| {{CAN}}
| {{CAN}}
| {{sortname|Austin|Pasztor|}}
|OT
|{{nfly|2012}}
| align="center"|[[Free agent]]
|-
| {{CAN}}
| {{CAN}}
| {{sortname|Nathan|Shepherd|Nathan Shepherd (American football)}}
|DE
|{{nfly|2018}}
| align="center"|[[New York Jets]]
|-
| {{CAN}}
| {{CAN}}
| {{sortname|Brent|Urban|}}
|DE
|{{nfly|2014}}
| align="center"|[[Chicago Bears]]
|-
| {{CAN}}
| {{CAN}}
| {{sortname|Luke|Willson|}}
|TE
|{{nfly|2013}}
| align="center"|[[Seattle Seahawks]]
|-
| {{DEN}}
| {{DEN}}
| {{sortname|Hjalte|Froholdt|}}
|OG
|{{nfly|2019}}
| align="center"|[[New England Patriots]]
|-
| {{GBR}}
| {{ENG}}
| {{sortname|Jay|Ajayi|}}
|RB
|{{nfly|2015}}
| align="center"|[[Free agent]]
|-
| {{GBR}}
| {{ENG}}
| {{sortname|Jack|Crawford|Jack Crawford (American football)}}
|DE
|{{nfly|2012}}
| align="center"|[[Tennessee Titans]]
|-
| {{GBR}}
| {{ENG}}
| {{sortname|Jermaine|Eluemunor}}
|OG
|{{nfly|2017}}
| align="center"|[[New England Patriots]]
|-
| {{GBR}}
| {{ENG}}
| {{sortname|Alex|Gray|Alex Gray (rugby union)}}
| TE
| {{nfly|2017}}
| align="center"|[[Free agent]]
|-
| {{NGR}}
| {{ENG}}
| {{sortname|Julian|Okwara|}}
|DE
|{{nfly|2020}}
| align="center"|[[Detroit Lions]]
|-
| {{GBR}}
| {{ENG}}
| {{sortname|Christian|Wade|}}
| RB
| {{nfly|2019}}
| align="center"|[[Buffalo Bills]]
|-
| {{EST}}
| {{EST}}
| {{sortname|Margus|Hunt|}}
|DT
|{{nfly|2013}}
| align="center"|[[New Orleans Saints]]
|-
| {{GER}}
| {{GER}}
| {{sortname|Moritz|Böhringer|}}
|TE
|{{nfly|2016}}
| align="center"|[[Free agent]]
|-
| {{GER}} / {{USA}}
| {{GER}}
| {{sortname|Kasim|Edebali|}}
|DE
|{{nfly|2014}}
| align="center"|[[Free agent]]
|-
| {{GER}}
| {{GER}}
| {{sortname|Jakob|Johnson|}}
|FB
|{{nfly|2019}}
| align="center"|[[New England Patriots]]
|-
| {{GER}}
| {{GER}}
| {{sortname|Mark|Nzeocha|}}
|LB
|{{nfly|2015}}
| align="center"|[[San Francisco 49ers]]
|-
| {{USA}}
| {{GER}}
| {{sortname|Vyncint|Smith|}}
|WR
|{{nfly|2018}}
| align="center"|[[New York Jets]]
|-
| {{GHA}}
| {{GHA}}
| {{sortname|Ezekiel|Ansah|}}
|DE
|{{nfly|2013}}
| align="center"|[[San Francisco 49ers]]
|-
| {{HAI}}
| {{HAI}}
| {{sortname|Pierre|Desir|}}
|CB
|{{nfly|2014}}
| align="center"|[[New York Jets]]
|-
| {{ITA}}
| {{ITA}}
| {{sortname|Giorgio|Tavecchio}}
|K
|{{nfly|2012}}
| align="center"|[[Free agent]]
|-
| {{JAM}}
| {{JAM}}
| {{sortname|Corey|Ballentine|}}
|CB
|{{nfly|2019}}
| align="center"|[[New York Giants]]
|-
| {{JAM}}
| {{JAM}}
| {{sortname|Patrick|Chung|}}
|S
|{{nfly|2009}}
| align="center"|[[New England Patriots]]
|-
| {{JAM}} / {{USA}}
| {{JAM}}
| {{sortname|Danielle|Hunter|}}
|DE
|{{nfly|2015}}
| align="center"|[[Minnesota Vikings]]
|-
| {{JAM}} / {{USA}}
| {{JAM}}
| {{sortname|Matt|Peart|}}
|OT
|{{nfly|2020}}
| align="center"|[[New York Giants]]
|-
| {{USA}}
| {{JPN}}
| {{sortname|Robert|Griffin III|}}
|QB
|{{nfly|2012}}
| align="center"|[[Baltimore Ravens]]
|-
| {{USA}}
| {{JPN}}
| {{sortname|DaeSean|Hamilton|}}
|WR
|{{nfly|2018}}
| align="center"|[[Denver Broncos]]
|-
| {{KEN}} / {{USA}}
| {{KEN}}
| {{sortname|Rees|Odhiambo|}}
|OG
|{{nfly|2016}}
| align="center"|[[Free agent]]
|-
| {{LBR}}
| {{LBR}}
| {{sortname|Jehu|Chesson}}
|WR
|{{nfly|2017}}
| align="center"|[[Free agent]]
|-
| {{LBR}}
| {{LBR}}
| {{sortname|Kelvin|Harmon}}
|WR
|{{nfly|2019}}
| align="center"|[[Washington Football Team]]
|-
| {{MEX}}
| {{MEX}}
| {{sortname|Isaac|Alarcón|}}
|OT
|{{nfly|2020}}
| align="center"|[[Dallas Cowboys]]
|-
| {{NGR}} / {{USA}}
| {{NGR}}
| {{sortname|Nelson|Agholor|}}
|WR
|{{nfly|2015}}
| align="center"|[[Las Vegas Raiders]]
|-
|{{NGR}}
|{{NGR}}
| {{sortname|Ade|Aruna|}}
|DE
|{{nfly|2018}}
| align="center"|[[Free agent]]
|-
|{{NGR}}
|{{NGR}}
| {{sortname|Jeremiah|Attaochu}}
|OLB
|{{nfly|2014}}
| align="center"|[[Denver Broncos]]
|-
|{{NGR}}
|{{NGR}}
| {{sortname|Ben|Banogu}}
|DE
|{{nfly|2019}}
| align="center"|[[Indianapolis Colts]]
|-
| {{USA}}
| {{NGR}}
| {{sortname|Leon|Jacobs}}
|LB
|{{nfly|2018}}
| align="center"|[[Jacksonville Jaguars]]
|-
| {{GBR}}
| {{NGR}}
| {{sortname|Efe|Obada|}}
|DE
|{{nfly|2015}}
| align="center"|[[Carolina Panthers]]
|-
| {{NGR}}
| {{NGR}}
| {{sortname|Emmanuel|Ogbah|}}
|OLB
|{{nfly|2016}}
| align="center"|[[Miami Dolphins]]
|-
| {{NGR}}
| {{NGR}}
| {{sortname|Chukwuma|Okorafor|}}
|OT
|{{nfly|2018}}
| align="center"|[[Pittsburgh Steelers]]
|-
| {{NGR}}
| {{NGR}}
| {{sortname|Romeo|Okwara|}}
|DE
|{{nfly|2016}}
| align="center"|[[Detroit Lions]]
|-
| {{NGR}}/{{CAN}}
| {{NGR}}
| {{sortname|David|Onyemata|}}
|DT
|{{nfly|2016}}
| align="center"|[[New Orleans Saints]]
|-
|{{NOR}}
|{{NOR}}
|[[Kaare Vedvik]]
|K/P
|{{Nfly|2018}}
|[[Washington Football Team]]
|-
| {{USA}}
| {{NGR}}
| {{sortname|Prince Tega|Wanogho}}
|OT
|{{nfly|2020}}
| align="center"|[[Philadelphia Eagles]]
|-
| {{GBR}}/ {{USA}}
| {{SCO}}
| {{sortname|Graham|Gano|}}
|K
|{{nfly|2009}}
| align="center"|[[New York Giants]]
|-
| {{GBR}}
| {{SCO}}
| {{sortname|Jamie|Gillan|}}
|P
|{{nfly|2019}}
| align="center"|[[Cleveland Browns]]
|-
| {{Flagicon|Sierra Leone}} [[Sierra Leone]]
| {{Flagicon|Sierra Leone}} [[Sierra Leone]]
| {{sortname|Amara|Darboh|}}
|WR
|{{nfly|2017}}
| align="center"|[[Pittsburgh Steelers]]
|-
| {{RSA}}
| {{RSA}}
| {{sortname|Greg|Joseph|}}
|K
|{{nfly|2018}}
| align="center"|[[Philadelphia Eagles]]
|-
|{{Flagicon|KOR}} [[South Korea]]
|{{Flagicon|KOR}} [[South Korea]]
|[[Younghoe Koo]]
|K
|[[2017 NFL season|2017]]
| align="center"|[[Atlanta Falcons]]
|-
| {{ESP}}/ {{USA}}
| {{ESP}}
| {{sortname|JJ|Arcega-Whiteside|}}
|WR
|{{nfly|2019}}
| align="center"|[[Philadelphia Eagles]]
|-
|{{TON}}
|{{TON}}
|{{sortname|Star|Lotulelei|}}
|DT
|{{nfly|2013}}
| align="center"|[[Buffalo Bills]]
|-
|{{TON}}
|{{TON}}
|{{sortname|Netane|Muti|}}
|OG
|{{nfly|2020}}
| align="center"|[[Denver Broncos]]
|-
| {{USA}}
| {{TTO}}
|{{sortname|Javon|Kinlaw|}}
|DT
|{{nfly|2020}}
| align="center"|[[San Francisco 49ers]]
|-
| {{TUR}} / {{USA}}
| {{TUR}}
|{{sortname|Chris|Conley|Chris Conley (American football)}}
|WR
|{{nfly|2015}}
| align="center"|[[Jacksonville Jaguars]]
|-
| {{CAN}} / {{USA}}
| {{USA}}
| {{sortname|Brett|Rypien}}
|QB
|{{nfly|2019}}
| align="center"|[[Denver Broncos]]
|-
| {{GER}} / {{USA}}
| {{USA}}
| {{sortname|Equanimeous|St. Brown}}
|WR
|{{nfly|2018}}
| align="center"|[[Green Bay Packers]]
|-
| {{ESP}} / {{USA}}
| {{USA}}
| {{sortname|Alejandro|Villanueva|Alejandro_Villanueva_(American_football)}}
|OT
|{{nfly|2014}}
| align="center"|[[Pittsburgh Steelers]]
|}

{{inc-sport}}

==See also==
* [[Black players in professional American football]]
* [[International Player Pathway]]
* [[List of foreign NBA players]]
* [[List of foreign WNBA players]]

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

{{NFL}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Foreign NFL players}}
[[Category:National Football League players]]
[[Category:Lists of National Football League players]]
[[Category:Employment of foreign-born]]
Daniel Carlson kicker from Auburn University was drafted by Minnesota Vikings in 5 round 2018 and now playing for Las Vegas Raiders. Born in Dallas, TX but has Swedish passport also and lived and went to school Örebro, Sweden 2008-2009. From Hans Carlson( Father)

Jordan Glasgow

2020-11-24T13:53:47Z

Willy3198: /* Personal life */

{{short description|American football linebacker}}
{{Infobox NFL biography
| name = Jordan Glasgow
| image =
| caption =
| current_team = Indianapolis Colts
| number = 59
| position = [[Linebacker]]
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1996|6|28}}
| birth_place = [[Aurora, Illinois]]
| height_ft = 6
| height_in = 1
| weight_lb = 226
| high_school = [[Marmion Academy|Aurora (IL) Marmion]]
| college = [[Michigan Wolverines football|Michigan]]
| draftyear = 2020
| draftround = 6
| draftpick = 213
| pastteams =
* [[Indianapolis Colts]] ({{NFL Year|2020}}–present)
| status = Active
| highlights =
* [[Citrus Bowl|Citrus Bowl Champion]] ([[2016 Citrus Bowl (January)|2016]])
| statleague = NFL
| statseason = 2020
| statweek = 6
| statlabel1 = Solo tackles
| statvalue1 = 4
| statlabel2 = Assisted tackles
| statvalue2 = 1
| statlabel3 = Total tackles
| statvalue3 = 5
| nfl = jordan-glasgow
}}

'''Jordan Glasgow''' (born June 28, 1996) is an [[American football]] [[linebacker]] for the [[Indianapolis Colts]] of the [[National Football League]] (NFL). He played college football at [[Michigan Wolverines football|Michigan]].

==College career==
After starting his [[Michigan Wolverines football|Michigan]] career as a walk-on, Glasgow earned a scholarship due to his play on special teams and moved into the starting lineup at [[linebacker]] for his senior season.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Brugler |first1=Dane |title=The Athletic's 2020 NFL Draft Guide |date=April 7, 2020 |publisher=The Athletic |page=193 |url=https://cdn.theathletic.com/app/uploads/2020/04/21144256/2020-NFL-DRAFT-FINAL-2.pdf |url-access=subscription |accessdate=April 28, 2020}}</ref>

==Professional career==
Glasgow was selected by the [[Indianapolis Colts]] in the sixth round (213th overall) in the [[2020 NFL Draft]].<ref name="DFP">{{cite web |last1=Sang |first1=Orion |title=Michigan football's Jordan Glasgow, just like bros, ready to prove people wrong — again |url=https://www.freep.com/story/sports/college/university-michigan/wolverines/2020/04/27/michigan-football-jordan-glasgow-nfl-draft/3029149001/ |website=Detroit Free Press |publisher=Gannett |accessdate=April 28, 2020 |date=April 27, 2020}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Glasgow is the youngest brother of [[Graham Glasgow|Graham]], who is currently a center for the [[Denver Broncos]], and [[Ryan Glasgow|Ryan]], who is a defensive tackle for the [[New Orleans Saints]].<ref name="DFP" />

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://mgoblue.com/sports/football/roster/jordan-glasgow/19018 Michigan bio]

{{Indianapolis Colts 2020 draft navbox}}
{{Indianapolis Colts roster navbox}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Glasgow, Jordan}}
[[Category:1996 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:American football linebackers]]
[[Category:American football safeties]]
[[Category:Indianapolis Colts players]]
[[Category:Michigan Wolverines football players]]
[[Category:Players of American football from Illinois]]
[[Category:Sportspeople from Aurora, Illinois]]

{{Defensiveback-1990s-stub}}

DeMichael Harris

2020-10-27T16:03:33Z

Willy3198: /* Professional career */

{{Use mdy dates|date=October 2020}}
{{short description|American football wide receiver}}
{{Infobox NFL biography
| name = DeMichael Harris
| image =
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| current_team = Indianapolis Colts
| number = 12
| position = [[Wide receiver]]
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| height_ft = 5
| height_in = 8
| weight_lb = 178
| high_school = [[St. Aloysius High School (Vicksburg, Mississippi)|St. Aloysius]] ([[Vicksburg, Mississippi]])
| college = [[Southern Miss Golden Eagles|Southern Miss]]
| undraftedyear = 2020
| pastteams =
* [[Indianapolis Colts]] ({{NFL Year|2020}}–present)
| status = Active
| highlights =
| statleague = NFL
| statseason = 2020
| statweek = 6
| statlabel1=Receptions
| statvalue1=3
| statlabel2=Receiving yards
| statvalue2=29
| statlabel3=Receiving touchdowns
| statvalue3=0
| statlabel4=Return yards
| statvalue4=
| nflnew=De-Michael-Harris
| pfr =
}}

'''DeMichael Harris''' is an [[American football]] [[wide receiver]] and [[return specialist]] for the [[Indianapolis Colts]] of the [[National Football League]] (NFL). He played [[college football]] for [[Southern Miss Golden Eagles|Southern Mississippi]].

==Early life and high school==
Harris grew up in [[Vicksburg, Mississippi]] and attended [[St. Aloysius High School (Vicksburg, Mississippi)|St. Aloysius High School]], where he played [[high school football|football]] and ran track. In two seasons as the Flashes' starting running back he rushed 362 times for 3,649 yards and 47 touchdowns and was named the Warren County Offensive Player of the Year by ''The Vicksburg Post'' both years. He also won the MAIS state title in the 100, 200 and 400-meters as a senior.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Bowker |first=Ernest |date=January 3, 2020 |title=Longtime teammates Harris, Dorbeck play their final game Saturday for Southern Miss |url=https://www.vicksburgpost.com/2020/01/03/longtime-teammates-harris-dorbeck-play-their-final-game-saturday-for-southern-miss/ |access-date=October 19, 2020 |website=The Vicksburg Post}}</ref>

==College career==
Harris began his collegiate career at [[Hinds Community College]]. He caught 29 passes for 259 yards and returned 20 kickoffs for 612 yards as a sophomore.<ref>{{Cite web |date=December 21, 2017 |title=Here's a rundown of 15 football players who signed with Southern Miss |url=https://www.wlox.com/story/37114493/heres-a-rundown-of-15-football-players-who-signed-with-southern-miss/ |access-date=October 18, 2020 |website=WLOX.com}}</ref> Harris transferred [[Southern Miss Golden Eagles|Southern Mississippi]] for his final two seasons of eligibility.<ref>{{Cite web |date=December 20, 2017 |title=Hinds' Harris headed to Southern Miss |url=https://www.vicksburgpost.com/2017/12/20/hinds-harris-headed-to-southern-miss/ |access-date=October 18, 2020 |website=The Vicksburg Post}}</ref>

In his first season with the Golden Eagles, Harris had 27 receptions for 241 yards and two touchdowns and returned 13 kickoffs for 312 yards. He switched positions to running back during his senior season due to injuries at the position.<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 14, 2019 |title=Southern Miss football: USM's De'Michael Harris rolling at RB |url=https://www.sunherald.com/sports/college/conference-usa/university-of-southern-mississippi/article236206923.html |access-date=October 18, 2020 |website=[[Sun Herald]]}}</ref> Harris named honorable mention All-[[Conference USA]] after finishing the season with 113 carries for 541 yards and five touchdowns, catching 34 passes for 346 yards and three touchdowns, while also returning 10 kickoffs for 282 yards and one touchdown.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Arthur |first=Jake |date=May 19, 2020 |title=DeMichael Harris, Donald Rutledge Listed As Colts UDFAs To Keep An Eye On |url=https://www.colts.com/news/demichael-harris-donald-rutledge-southern-miss-georgia-southern-bleacher-report |access-date=October 18, 2020 |website=Colts.com}}</ref>

==Professional career==
Harris was signed as an undrafted free agent by the [[Indianapolis Colts]] on April 25, 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 25, 2020 |title=Dorbeck, Harris sign NFL free agent contracts after draft |url=https://www.vicksburgpost.com/2020/04/25/dorbeck-harris-sign-nfl-free-agent-contracts-after-draft/ |access-date=October 18, 2020 |website=The Vicksburg Post}}</ref> He was waived during final roster cuts, but was re-signed to the team's practice squad on September 6, 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |date=September 6, 2020 |title=Colts sign former St. Al star Harris to practice squad |url=https://www.vicksburgpost.com/2020/09/06/colts-sign-former-st-al-star-harris-to-practice-squad/ |access-date=October 18, 2020 |website=The Vicksburg Post}}</ref> Harris was promoted to the active roster on October 18, 2020 and made his debut that day against the [[2020 Cincinnati Bengals|Cincinnati Bengals]], catching three passes for 29 yards in a 31–27 victory.<ref>{{Cite web |date=October 18, 2020 |title=Colts have a new No. 12 on the field |url=https://www.indystar.com/story/sports/nfl/colts/2020/10/18/colts-have-new-no-12-field/3703468001/ |access-date=October 18, 2020 |website=The Indianapolis Star}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=October 19, 2020 |title=HITS AND MISSES: COLTS DEFENSE DIALS UP FINISHING |url=https://www.1075thefan.com/kevins-sports-news/hits-and-misses-colts-defense-dials-up-finishing/ |access-date=October 19, 2020 |website=1075TheFan.com}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://southernmiss.com/sports/football/roster/de-michael-harris/4386 Southern Miss Golden Eagles bio]
*[https://www.colts.com/team/players-roster/demichael-harris/ Indianapolis Colts bio]

{{Indianapolis Colts roster navbox}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Harris, DeMichael}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Players of American football from Mississippi]]
[[Category:American football wide receivers]]
[[Category:Southern Miss Golden Eagles football players]]
[[Category:Indianapolis Colts players]]
[[Category:Hinds Eagles football players]]
[[Category:Sportspeople from Vicksburg, Mississippi]]

Pavia

2020-10-25T22:00:53Z

Willy3198:

{{about|the town in Italy}}
{{More citations needed|date=October 2009}}
{{Infobox Italian comune
| name = Pavia
| official_name = Città di Pavia
| native_name =
| image_skyline = Collage Pavia.jpg
| imagesize =
| image_caption = Top left: ''Corso Strada Nuova'' (Pavia New Avenue), main shopping area in Pavia, Top right: ''Veduta laterale del Castello Visconteo'' (Pavia Visconti Castle), Bottom left: A view of the [[Pavia Cathedral|city's Cathedral]] from the ''Piazza della Vittoria'' (Vittoria Square), Bottom Upper right: ''Fiume Ticino'', Bottom lower right: ''Ponte Coperto'' (Coperto Bridge) and Ticino River
| image_alt =
| image_shield = Pavia-Stemma.png
| shield_alt =
| image_map = Map of comune of Pavia (province of Pavia, region Lombardy, Italy).svg
| map_alt =
| map_caption = Pavia within the Province of Pavia
| pushpin_map = Italy Lombardy#Italy
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| coordinates = {{coord|45|11|06|N|09|09|15|E|region:IT_type:city|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_footnotes =
| region = [[Lombardy]]
| province = [[province of Pavia|Pavia]] (PV)
| frazioni = Ca' della Terra, Cantone Tre Miglia, Cassinino, Cittadella, Fossarmato, Mirabello, Montebellino, Pantaleona, Prado, Scarpone, Villalunga
| mayor_party = [[Lega Nord|LN]]
| mayor = [[Fabrizio Fracassi]]
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 = 62
| population_footnotes =
| population_total = 73086
| population_as_of = 30 November 2016
| pop_density_footnotes =
| population_demonym = Pavesi
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 77
| twin1 =
| twin1_country =
| saint = [[Syrus of Pavia]], Augustin
| postal_code = 27100
| area_code = +39 0382
| istat = 018110
}}

'''Pavia''' ({{IPAc-en|UK|ˈ|p|ɑː|v|i|ə}},<ref name="Collins">{{cite web |url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/pavia |title=Pavia |work=[[Collins English Dictionary]] |accessdate=1 August 2019 }}</ref> {{IPAc-en|US|p|ə|ˈ|v|iː|ə}},<ref>{{Cite American Heritage Dictionary|Pavia|accessdate=1 August 2019}}</ref> {{IPA-it|paˈviːa|lang|It-Pavia.ogg}}, {{IPA-lmo|paˈʋiːa|lang}}; {{lang-la|Ticinum}}; [[Medieval Latin]]: {{lang|la|Papia}}) is a town and [[comune]] of south-western [[Lombardy]] in northern Italy, {{convert|35|km|0|abbr=off}} south of [[Milan]] on the lower [[Ticino river]] near its confluence with the [[Po River|Po]]. It has a population of c. 73,086.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Tuttitalia |title=Popolazione Pavia 2001-2018 |url=https://www.tuttitalia.it/lombardia/56-pavia/statistiche/popolazione-andamento-demografico/ |website=Tuttitalia |publisher=2019 Gwind srl |accessdate=10 October 2019}}</ref> The city was the capital of the [[Kingdom of the Lombards]] from 572 to 774.

Pavia is the capital of the fertile [[province of Pavia]], which is known for a variety of agricultural products, including wine, rice, cereals, and dairy products. Although there are a number of industries located in the suburbs, these tend not to disturb the peaceful atmosphere of the town. It is home to the ancient [[University of Pavia]] (founded in 1361), which together with the [[IUSS Pavia|IUSS]] (Institute for Advanced Studies of Pavia), [[Ghislieri College]], [[Borromeo College]], Nuovo College, Santa Caterina College, and the {{lang|it|Istituto per il Diritto allo Studio|italic=no}} (EDiSU), belongs to the Pavia Study System. Pavia is the [[episcopal see|episcopal seat]] of the [[Roman Catholic]] [[Bishop of Pavia]]. The city possesses many artistic and cultural treasures, including several important [[Church (building)|churches]] and [[museums]], such as the well-known [[Certosa di Pavia]].

The Central Hospital of Pavia is one of the most important hospitals in Italy.

== History ==
{{see also|Timeline of Pavia}}

=== Early history ===
{{main|Ticinum}}
[[File:Josse Lieferinxe - Saint Sebastian Interceding for the Plague Stricken - Walters 371995.jpg|left|thumb|This painting by [[Josse Lieferinxe]] depicts an outbreak of the plague in 7th-century Pavia (then under the [[Lombard Kingdom]]).<ref>{{cite web |publisher= [[The Walters Art Museum]]
|url= http://art.thewalters.org/detail/6193
|title= Saint Sebastian Interceding for the Plague Stricken}}</ref> The Walters Art Museum.]]Dating back to pre-Roman times, the town of Pavia was said, by [[Pliny the Elder]], to have been founded by the [[Laevi]] and [[Marici (Ligures)|Marici]], two [[Ligures|Ligurian]] tribes, while [[Ptolemy]] attributes it to the [[Insubres]]. The Roman city, known as [[Ticinum]], was a municipality and an important military site (a [[castrum]]) under the [[Roman Empire]]. It most likely began as a small military camp, built by the [[consul]] [[Publius Cornelius Scipio]] in 218 BC to guard a wooden bridge he had built over the [[river]] Ticinum, on his way to search for [[Hannibal]], who was rumoured to have managed to lead an army over the [[Alps]] and into [[Italy]]. The forces of Rome and [[Carthage]] ran into each other soon thereafter, and the Romans suffered the first of many crushing defeats at the hands of Hannibal, with the consul himself almost losing his life. The bridge was destroyed, but the fortified camp, which at the time was the most forward Roman military outpost in the [[Po Valley]], somehow survived the long [[Second Punic War]], and gradually evolved into a garrison town.

Its importance grew with the extension of the [[Via Aemilia]] from [[Ariminum]] (Rimini) to the [[Po River]] (187 BC), which it crossed at Placentia ([[Piacenza]]) and there forked, one branch going to [[Mediolanum]] ([[Milan]]) and the other to Ticinum, and thence to [[Laumellum]] where it divided once more, one branch going to [[Vercellae]] - and thence to [[Eporedia]] and [[Augusta Praetoria]] - and the other to Valentia - and thence to [[Augusta Taurinorum]] ([[Turin]]).

It was at Pavia in 476 AD that the reign of [[Romulus Augustulus]] (r. 475-476), the last emperor of the [[Western Roman Empire]] ended and Roman rule ceased in Italy.<ref>{{cite book|last=Thompson|first=E. A.|title=Romans and Barbarians The Decline of the Western Empire|url=https://archive.org/details/romansbarbarians00thom|url-access=registration|year=1982|publisher=The University of Wisconsin Press|location=Madison, Wisconsin|pages=[https://archive.org/details/romansbarbarians00thom/page/61 61–63]}}</ref> Romulus Augustulus, while considered the last emperor of the Western Roman Empire, was actually a usurper of the imperial [[throne]]; his father [[Flavius Orestes]] dethroned the previous emperor, [[Julius Nepos]], and raised the young Romulus Augustulus to the imperial throne at [[Ravenna]] in 475.<ref>{{cite book|last=Thompson|title=Romans and Barbarians|pages=61–63}}</ref> Though being the emperor, Romulus Augustulus was simply the mouthpiece for his father Orestes, who was the person who actually exercised power and governed Italy during Romulus Augustulus's short reign.<ref>{{cite book|last=Thompson|title=Romans and Barbarians|pages=61–63}}</ref> Ten months after Romulus Augustulus's reign began, Orestes's soldiers under the command of one of his officers named [[Odoacer]], rebelled and killed Orestes in the city of Pavia in 476.<ref>{{cite book|last=Thompson|title=Romans and Barbarians|pages=64}}</ref> The rioting that took place as part of Odoacer's uprising against Orestes sparked fires that burnt much of Pavia to the point that Odoacer, as the new king of Italy, had to suspend the [[taxes]] for the city for five years so that it could finance its recovery.<ref>{{cite book|last=Thompson|title=Romans and Barbarians|pages=64}}</ref> Without his father, Romulus Augustulus was powerless. Instead of killing Romulus Augustulus, Odoacer pensioned him off at 6,000 solidi a year before declaring the end of the Western Roman Empire and himself king of the new Kingdom of Italy.<ref>{{cite book|last=Thompson|title=Romans and Barbarians|pages=64}}</ref>

Odoacer's reign as king of Italy did not last long, because in 488 the [[Ostrogothic]] peoples led by their [[king]] [[Theoderic]] invaded Italy and waged war against Odoacer.<ref>{{cite book|last=Moorhead|first=John|title=Theoderic in Italy|year=1992|publisher=Clarendon Press|location=Oxford|pages=19}}</ref> After fighting for 5 years, Theoderic defeated Odoacer and on March 15, 493, assassinated Odoacer at a banquet meant to negotiate a peace between the two rulers.<ref>{{cite book|last=Moorhead|title=Theoderic|pages=26}}</ref> With the establishment of the Ostrogoth kingdom based in northern Italy, Theoderic began his vast program of public building. Pavia was among several cities that Theodoric chose to restore and expand.<ref>{{cite book|last=Moorhead|title=Theoderic|pages=42}}</ref> He began the construction of the vast palace complex that would eventually become the residence of Lombard monarchs several decades later.<ref>{{cite book|last=Wickham|first=Chris|title=Early Medieval Italy Central Power and Local Society 400-100|year=1981|publisher=Macmillan Press Ltd.|location=London|pages=38}}</ref> Theoderic also commissioned the building of the Roman-styled [[amphitheatre]] and bath complex in Pavia;<ref>{{cite book|last=Moorhead|title=Theoderic|pages=42}}</ref> in the 7th century these would be among the few still functioning bath complexes in [[Europe]] outside of the [[Eastern Roman Empire]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Wickham|title=Early Medieval Italy|pages=38}}</ref> Near the end of Theoderic's reign the Christian [[philosopher]] [[Boethius]] was imprisoned in one of Pavia's churches from 522 to 525 before his execution for treason.<ref>{{cite book|last=Moorhead|title=Theoderic|pages=219–222}}</ref> It was during Boethius's captivity in Pavia that he wrote his seminal work the ''Consolation of Philosophy''.<ref>{{cite book|last=Moorhead|title=Theoderic|pages=223–225}}</ref>

Pavia played an important role in the war between the Eastern Roman Empire and the Ostrogoths that began in 535.<ref>{{cite book|last=Thompson|title=Romans and Barbarians|pages=95}}</ref> After the Eastern Roman general Belisarius's victory over the Ostrogothic leader Wittigis in 540 and the loss of most of the Ostrogoth lands in Italy, Pavia was among the last centres of Ostrogothic resistance that continued the war and opposed Eastern Roman rule.<ref>{{cite book|last=Thompson|title=Romans and Barbarians|pages=95–96}}</ref> After the capitulation of the Ostrogothic leadership in 540 more than a thousand men remained garrisoned in Pavia and Verona dedicated to opposing Eastern Roman rule.<ref>{{cite book|last=Thompson|title=Romans and Barbarians|pages=96}}</ref> The resilience of Ostrogoth strongholds like Pavia against invading forces allowed pockets of Ostrogothic rule to limp along until finally being defeated in 561.<ref>{{cite book|last=Wickham|title=Early Medieval Italy|pages=ix}}</ref>

Pavia and the peninsula of Italy didn't remain long under the rule of the Eastern Roman Empire, for in 568, a new people invaded Italy. This new invading people in 568 were the [[Lombards]] (otherwise called the Longobards).<ref>{{cite book|last=Christie|first=Neil|title=The Lombards The Ancient Longobards|year=1995|publisher=Basil Blackwell Inc.|location=Cambridge, Massachusetts|pages=xxii}}</ref> In their invasion of Italy in 568, the Lombards were led by their king Alboin (r. 560-572), who would become the first Lombard king of Italy.<ref>{{cite book|last=Christie|title=The Lombards|pages=xxv}}</ref> Alboin captured much of northern Italy in 568 but his progress was halted in 569 by the fortified city of Pavia.<ref>{{cite book|last=Christie|title=The Lombards|pages=79}}</ref> Paul the Deacon's History of the Lombards written more than a hundred years after the Siege of Ticinum provides one of the few records of this period: “The city of Ticinum (Pavia) at this time held out bravely, withstanding a siege more than three years, while the army of the Langobards remained close at hand on the western side. Meanwhile Alboin, after driving out the soldiers, took possession of everything as far as Tuscany except Rome and Ravenna and some other fortified places which were situated on the shore of the sea.”<ref>{{cite book|last1=Paul the Deacon|title=History of the Lombards|year=2003|publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press |location=Philadelphia|pages=80|author2=William Dudley Foulke|editor=Edward Peters}}</ref> The Siege of Ticinum finally ended with the Lombards capturing the city of Pavia in 572.<ref>{{cite book|last=Hodgkin|first=Thomas|title=Italy and Her Invaders 553 Volume V The Lombard Invasion|year=1895|publisher=Clarendon Press|location=Oxford|pages=162–163}}</ref> Pavia's strategic location and the Ostrogoth palaces located within it would make Pavia by the 620s the main capital of the Lombards’ Kingdom of Pavia<ref>{{cite book|last=Arnaldi|first=Girolamo|title=Italy and Its Invaders|year=2005|publisher=Harvard University Press|location=Cambridge, Massachusetts|pages=31}}</ref> and the main residence for the Lombard rulers.<ref>{{cite book|last=Christie|title=The Lombards|pages=147}}</ref>

===Lombard capital===
Under Lombard rule many monasteries, nunneries, and churches were built at Pavia by the devout Christian Lombard monarchs. Even though the first Lombard kings were Arian Christians, sources from the period such as Paul the Deacon have recorded that the Arian Lombards were very tolerant of their Catholic subjects’ faith and that up to the 690s Arian and Catholic cathedrals coexisted in Pavia.<ref>{{cite book|last=Christie|title=The Lombards|pages=188}}</ref> Lombard kings, queens, and nobles would engage in building churches, monasteries, and nunneries as a method to demonstrate their piety and their wealth by extravagantly decorating these structures which in many cases would become the site of that person's tomb, as in the case of Grimoald (r. 662-671) who built San Ambrogio in Pavia and buried there after his death in 671.<ref>{{cite book|last=Christie|title=The Lombards|pages=100}}</ref> Perctarit (r. 661-662, 672-688) and his son Cunicpert (r.679-700) built a nunnery and a church at Pavia during their reigns.<ref>{{cite book|last=Christie|title=The Lombards|pages=xxv, 101}}</ref> Lombard churches were sometimes named after those who commissioned their construction, such as San Maria Theodota in Pavia.<ref>{{cite book|last=Wickham|title=Early Medieval Italy|pages=84}}</ref> The monastery of San Michele alla Pusterla located at Pavia was the royal monastery of the Lombard kings.<ref>{{cite book|last=Christie|title=The Lombards|pages=200}}</ref>

One of the most famous churches built by a Lombard king in Pavia is the church [[San Pietro in Ciel d'Oro]]. This famous church was commissioned by king [[Liutprand, King of the Lombards|Liutprand]] (r. 712-744)<ref>{{cite book|last=Christie|title=The Lombards|pages=xxv}}</ref> and it would become the site of his tomb as well as two other famous Christian figures.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Dale|first=Sharon|title=A house divided: San Pietro in Ciel d'Oro in Pavia and the politics of Pope John XXII|journal=Journal of Medieval History|year=2001|volume=27|issue=1|pages=55–77|doi=10.1016/S0304-4181(00)00016-6}}</ref> In building San Pietro in Ciel d'Oro the unit of measurement used by the builders was the length of Liutprand's royal foot.<ref>{{cite book|last=Scott|first=Leader|title=The Cathedral Builders The Story of a Great Masonic Guild|url=https://archive.org/details/cathedralbuilde00scotgoog|year=1899|publisher=S. Low, Marston and Company|location=London|pages=50}}</ref> The first important Christian figure interred at San Pietro in Ciel d'Oro was the previously mentioned philosopher Boethius, author of the ''Consolation of Philosophy'', who is located in the cathedral's crypt.<ref>Dale (2001). p. 43.</ref> The third and largest tomb of the three located in San Pietro in Ciel d'Oro contains the remains of [[Augustine of Hippo|St. Augustine of Hippo]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Arnaldi|title=Italy and Its Invaders|pages=39–40}}</ref> St. Augustine is the early 5th-century Christian writer from Roman North Africa whose works such as ''On Christian Doctrine'' revolutionized the way in which the Christian scripture is interpreted and understood.<ref>{{cite book|last=Geary|first=Patrick J.|title=Readings in Medieval History Vol. 1|year=2010|publisher=University of Toronto Press|location=Toronto|pages=28–45}}</ref> On October 1, 1695, artisans working in San Pietro in Ciel d’Oro rediscovered St. Augustine's remains after lifting up some of the paving stones that compose the cathedral's floor.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Weinstein|first=Donald|title=rev. of St. Augustine's Bones: A Microhistory, by Harold Samuel Stone|journal=The American Historical Review|date=October 2003|volume=108|issue=4|pages=1242–1243|doi=10.1086/529942}}</ref> Liutprand was a very devout Christian and like many of the Lombard kings was zealous about collecting relics of saints.<ref>{{cite book|last=Arnaldi|title=Italy and Its Invaders|pages=39}}</ref> Liutprand paid a great deal to have the relics removed from Cagliari and brought to Pavia so that they would be out of the reach and safe from the Saracens on Sardinia where St. Augustine's remains had been resting.<ref>{{cite book|last=Arnaldi|title=Italy and Its Invaders|pages=39–40}}</ref> Very little of Liutprand's original church of San Pietro in Ciel d'Oro consecrated by Pope Zacharias in 743 remains today.<ref>{{cite book|last=Scott|title=The Cathedral Builders|pages=50}}</ref> Originally the roof of its apse was decorated with mosaics, making San Pietro in Ciel d'Oro the first instance of mosaics being used to decorate a Lombard church.<ref>{{cite book|last=Scott|title=The Cathedral Builders|pages=50}}</ref> It is now a modern church with the only significant link to its antiquity being its round apse.<ref>{{cite book|last=Scott|title=The Cathedral Builders|pages=50}}</ref> The Lombards built their churches in a very Romanesque style, with the best example of Lombard churches from the period of Lombardic rule being the Basilica of San Michele still intact at Pavia.<ref>{{cite book|last=Scott|title=The Cathedral Builders|pages=50–51}}</ref>

As the kingdom's capital, Pavia in the late 7th century also became one of the central locations of the Lombards' efforts to mint their own coinage.<ref>{{cite book|last=Christie|title=The Lombards|pages=142}}</ref> The bust of the Lombard king would have been etched on the coins as a symbolic gesture so that those who used the coins, mostly Lombard nobles, would understand that king had the ultimate power and control of wealth in the Kingdom of Pavia.<ref>{{cite book|last=Christie|title=The Lombards|pages=142}}</ref>

The city of Pavia played a key role in the war between the Lombard Kingdom of Pavia and the Franks led by Charlemagne. In 773, Charlemagne king of the Franks declared war and invaded across the Alps into northern Italy defeating the Lombard army commanded by king Desiderius (r. 757-774).<ref>{{cite book|last=Wickham|title=Early Medieval Italy|pages=46–47}}</ref> Between the autumn of 773 and June of 774<ref>{{cite book|last=Wickham|title=Early Medieval Italy|pages=47}}</ref> Charlemagne laid siege to Pavia first and then Verona, capturing the seat of Lombard power and quickly crushing any resistance from the northern Lombard fortified cities.<ref>{{cite book|last=Christie|title=The Lombards|pages=106}}</ref>
Pavia had been the official capital of the Lombards since the 620s,<ref>{{cite book|last=Wickham|title=Early Medieval Italy|pages=38}}</ref> but it was also the place upon where the Lombard Kingdom in Italy ended. Upon entering Pavia in triumph, Charlemagne crowned himself king of the lands of the former Kingdom of Pavia.<ref>{{cite book|last=Wickham|title=Early Medieval Italy|pages=47}}</ref> The Lombard kingdom and its northern territories from then onwards were a sub-kingdom of the Frankish Empire, while the Lombard southern [[duchy of Benevento]] persisted for several centuries longer with relative independence and autonomy.<ref>{{cite book|last=Wickham|title=Early Medieval Italy|pages=48–49}}</ref>

===Medieval history===
[[File:County of Pavia Visconti CoA.svg|right|thumb|Coat of Arms of the county of Pavia under the Visconti Dynasty]]In 924, the Hungarians, led by the deposed Lombard king, [[Berengar I of Italy|Berengar I]], sacked and destroyed the city. Pavia remained the capital of the [[Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire)|Italian Kingdom]] and the centre of royal coronations until the diminution of imperial authority there in the 12th century. In 1004, [[Henry II, Holy Roman Emperor|Holy Roman Emperor Henry II]] bloodily suppressed a revolt of the citizens of Pavia, who disputed his recent coronation as [[King of Italy]].

In the 12th century, Pavia acquired the status of a self-governing [[Medieval commune|commune]]. In the political division between [[Guelphs and Ghibellines]] that characterized the Italian Middle Ages, Pavia was traditionally Ghibelline, a position that was as much supported by the rivalry with [[Milan]] as it was a mark of the defiance of the Emperor that led the [[Lombard League]] against the emperor [[Frederick Barbarossa]], who was attempting to reassert long-dormant Imperial influence over Italy. The city also had a reputation as a place to have a "good time," as witness the [[Archpoet]]'s famous comments of 1163.<ref>Quis in igne positus, igne non uratur? Quis Papiae demorans, castus habeatur? Ubi Venus digito juvenes venatur, oculis illaqueat, facie praedatur? Si ponas Hippolytum hodie Papiae, non erit Hippolytus in sequenti die. Veneris in thalamos "ducunt omnes viae." Non est in tot turribus turris Alethiae.</ref>

In the following centuries Pavia was an important and active town.
Under the [[Treaty of Pavia (1329)|Treaty of Pavia]], Emperor [[Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor|Louis IV]] granted during his stay in Italy the [[Electorate of the Palatinate]] to his brother Duke [[Rudolf I, Duke of Bavaria|Rudolph's]] descendants. Pavia held out against the domination of [[Milan]], finally yielding to the [[Visconti of Milan|Visconti]] family, rulers of that city in 1359; under the Visconti Pavia became an intellectual and artistic centre, being the seat from 1361 of the [[University of Pavia]] founded around the nucleus of the old school of law, which attracted students from many countries.

=== Early modern ===

The [[Battle of Pavia]] (1525) marked a watershed in the city's fortunes, since by that time, the former schism between the supporters of the Pope and those of the Holy Roman Emperor had shifted to one between a French party (allied with the Pope) and a party supporting the Emperor and King of Spain [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles V]]. Thus during the [[House of Valois|Valois]]-[[Habsburg]] [[Italian Wars]], Pavia was naturally on the Imperial (and Spanish) side. The defeat and capture of king [[Francis I of France|Francis I]] of [[Kingdom of France|France]] during the battle ushered in a period of [[Habsburg Spain|Spanish]] occupation which lasted until 1713 at the conclusion of the [[War of the Spanish Succession]]. Pavia was then ruled by the [[Habsburg Monarchy|Austria]]ns until 1796, when it was occupied by the French army under [[Napoleon I of France|Napoleon]]. During this Austrian period the University was greatly supported by [[Maria Theresa]] of Austria and oversaw a culturally rich period due to the presence of leading scientists and humanists like [[Ugo Foscolo]], [[Alessandro Volta]], [[Lazzaro Spallanzani]], and [[Camillo Golgi]] among others.

In 1815, it again came under Austrian administration until the [[Second War of Italian Independence]] (1859) and the [[unification of Italy]] one year later.

==Government==
{{See also|List of mayors of Pavia}}

== Main sights ==

Pavia's most famous landmark is the ''[[Certosa di Pavia|Certosa]]'', or [[Carthusian]] monastery, founded in 1396 and located eight kilometres ({{convert|8|km|abbr=off|disp=output only}}) north of the city.

Among other notable structures are:
* [[Pavia Cathedral|Cathedral of Pavia]] (''[[Duomo]] di Pavia''): Construction of the cathedral began in 1488; however, only by 1898 were the façade and the dome completed according to the original design. The central dome has an octagonal plan, stands 97 m high, and weighs some 20,000 tons. This dome is the third for size in Italy, after [[St. Peter's Basilica]] and [[Santa Maria del Fiore]] in Florence. Next to the Duomo were the [[Torre Civica (Pavia)|Civic Tower]] (existing at least from 1330 and enlarged in 1583 by [[Pellegrino Tibaldi]]): its fall on March 17, 1989, was the final motivating force that started the last decade's efforts to save the [[Leaning Tower of Pisa]] from a similar fate.
* ''[[San Michele Maggiore]]'' (St. Michael Major): This church is an outstanding example of Lombard-Romanesque church architecture in Lombardy. It is located on the site of a pre-existing [[Lombards|Lombard]] church, which the lower part of the [[campanile]] belongs to. Destroyed in 1004, it was rebuilt from around the end of the 11th century (including crypt, transept and choir), and finished in 1155. It is characterized by an extensive use of [[sandstone]] and by a very long transept, provided with a façade and an apse of its own. In the church the Emperor [[Frederick Barbarossa]] was crowned in 1155.
* ''[[Basilica of San Pietro in Ciel d'Oro]]'' ("St. Peter in Golden Sky"): In this church, St [[Augustine of Hippo|Augustine]], [[Anicius Manlius Severinus Boethius|Boethius]] and the [[Lombards|Lombard]] king [[Liutprand, King of the Lombards|Liutprand]] are said to be buried. Construction was begun in the 6th century. The current construction was built in 1132. It is similar to San Michele Maggiore, but different in the asymmetric façade with a single portal, the use of [[brickwork]] instead of [[sandstone]], and, in the interior, the absence of matronei, galleries reserved for women and the shortest [[transept]]. The noteworthy arch housing the relics of St. Augustine was built in 1362 by artists from [[Campione d'Italia|Campione]], and is decorated by some 150 statues and reliefs. The church is mentioned by [[Dante Alighieri]] in the X canto of his ''[[Divine Comedy]]''.
* ''San Francesco d'Assisi'': This is a late [[Romanesque architecture|Romanesque]] church (1238–98) with a restored [[Gothic architecture|Gothic]] façade, located on Corso Cairoli.
* ''[[San Teodoro, Pavia|San Teodoro]]'': This church dating to 1117 and dedicated to [[Theodore of Pavia]], a medieval bishop of the [[Diocese of Pavia]], is the third. albeit smaller, Romanesque basilica in Pavia. Situated on the slopes leading down to the [[Ticino river]], it served the fishermen. The apses and the three-level tiburium exemplify effective simplicity of Romanesque decoration. Inside are two outstanding bird's-eye-view frescoes of the city (1525) attributed to [[Bernardino Lanzani]]. The latter, the definitive release, was stripped off disclosing the unfinished first one. Both are impressively detailed and reveal how Pavia's urban layout has changed little in 500 years.
*''[[Visconti Castle (Pavia)|Castello Visconteo]]'': Built in 1360-1365 by [[Galeazzo II Visconti]], this large castle served as a private residence rather than a stronghold. The poet [[Francesco Petrarca]] spent some time there, when [[Gian Galeazzo Visconti]] called him to take charge of the magnificent library which owned about a thousand books and manuscripts, subsequently lost. The Castle is now home to the City Museums ([[Musei Civici]]) and the park is a popular attraction for children. An unconfirmed legend wants the Castle to be connected by a secret tunnel to the ''[[Certosa di Pavia|Certosa]]''.
*''[[Santa Maria del Carmine, Pavia|Santa Maria del Carmine]]'': This church is a well-preserved example of [[Gothic architecture|Gothic]] brickwork architecture in northern Italy. Built on the Latin cross plan, it is the second largest Pavian church after the Duomo, with a perimeter of 80 x 40 meters comprising a nave and two aisles. The characteristic façade has a large [[rose window]] and seven cusps.
* ''[[Santa Maria di Canepanova]]'': This renaissance octagonal church is attributed to [[Bramante]].
* The [[medieval towers]] still shape the town skyline. The main clusters still rising are rallied in Piazza Leonardo da Vinci (three towers), Via Luigi Porta (two towers), and in Piazza of Collegio Borromeo. These towers are closed to the public.

== Universities, colleges and other institutions ==
Pavia is a major Italian college town, with several institutes, universities and academies, including the ancient [[University of Pavia]]. Here is an incomplete list of the main institutions located in the city:

* The [[University of Pavia]], one of the most ancient universities in Europe, was founded in 1361, although a school of rhetoric is documented in 825 making this center perhaps the oldest proto-university of Europe. The ''Centrale'' Building is a wide block made up of twelve courts of the 15th to 19th centuries. The sober façade shifts from baroque style to neoclassic. The ''Big Staircase'', the ''Aula Foscolo'', the ''Aula Volta'', the ''Aula Scarpa'' and the ''Aula Magna'' are neoclassic too. The ''Cortile degli Spiriti Magni'' hosts the statues of some of the most important scholars and alumni. Ancient burial monuments and gravestones of scholars of the 14th to 16th centuries are walled up in the ''Cortile Voltiano'' (most come from demolished churches). The ''Cortile delle Magnolie'' holds an ancient pit. The ''Cortile di Ludovico il Moro'' has a renaissance loggia and terracotta decorations. Both courts, as well as two more, were the cloisters of the ancient Ospedale di San Matteo. The [[Orto Botanico dell'Università di Pavia]] is the university's [[botanical garden]]. There is also the [[University History Museum, University of Pavia|University History Museum]] and the [[Natural History Museum (Pavia)|Natural History Museum of Pavia]].
*[[Borromeo College]] (Ital. ''Almo Collegio Borromeo''), founded in 1561 by [[Carlo Borromeo]], is the oldest college at the University of Pavia in northern Italy.
*[[Ghislieri College]] (Ital. ''Collegio Ghislieri''), founded in 1567 by [[Pope Pius V]], is the second ancient college in Pavia, with the other first being [[Almo Collegio Borromeo]], and one of the most ancient [[colleges]] in Italy and co-founder of the [[IUSS Pavia|IUSS]], located in Pavia as well. Collegio Ghislieri is a 450-year-old Italian institution committed to promote University studies on the basis of merit, hosting around 200 pupils (males and females) who attend all faculties in [[University of Pavia|Pavia State University]], offering them logistic and cultural opportunities such as scholarships, lectures, conferences, a 100,000-volume library (third among private libraries in Northern Italy), and foreign languages courses. Each year about 30 new students coming from all over the country are selected by a public contest. Founded by Pope Pius V (Antonio Ghislieri) in 1567, since 18th century laically managed, nowadays under the High Patronage of the Presidency of the Italian Republic, it is ranked among high qualifying institutions by the Italian Ministry for Education and University.
*The [[IUSS Pavia]] or the "Istituto Universitario di Studi Superiori" of Pavia (Eng. ''IUSS School for Advanced Studies'') is a higher learning institute located in Pavia, Italy. It was founded in 1997 by the [[University of Pavia]], [[Borromeo College]] and [[Ghislieri College]], supported by the Italian Minister of Education. It is shaped according to the [[Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa]] model and reunites all the five colleges of Pavia, forming the [[Pavia Study System]].

==Transport==
[[Pavia railway station]], opened in 1862, forms part of the [[Milan–Genoa railway]], and is also a terminus of four secondary railways, linking Pavia with [[Pavia–Alessandria railway|Alessandria]], [[Pavia–Mantua railway|Mantua]], [[Vercelli–Pavia railway|Vercelli]] and [[Pavia–Stradella railway|Stradella]].

Pavia is also connected to [[Milan]] through the S13 line of the [[Milan suburban railway service]] with trains every 30 minutes. [[Pavia porta Garibaldi railway station|Pavia P. Garibaldi]] is a small railway station on the [[Pavia–Mantua railway]].

==International relations==
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Italy}}

===Twin towns—Sister cities===
Pavia is [[Twin towns and sister cities|twinned]] with:

*{{flagicon|LTU}} [[Vilnius]], [[Lithuania]]
*{{flagicon|GER}} [[Hildesheim]], [[Germany]]
*{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Besançon]], [[France]]
*{{flagicon|LIB}} [[Hermel]], [[Lebanon]]
*{{flagicon|GRE}} [[Zakynthos (city)|Zakynthos]], [[Greece]]

== People ==
{{see also|Category:People from Pavia}}
[[File:Collegio Borromeo (Pavia).jpg|250px|thumb|[[Collegio Borromeo]]]]
[[File:Aula magna-University-Pavia-Italy.jpg|250px|thumb|The [[University of Pavia]]'s Aula Magna]]

People born in Pavia include:

* [[Luigi Valentino Brugnatelli]] (1761-1818), chemist
* [[Epiphanias]], 6th century saint
* [[Lanfranc]] (c. 1005–1089), abbot and Archbishop of Canterbury
* [[Gerolamo Cardano]] (1501–1576), scientist
* [[Benedetto Cairoli]] (1825–1889), twice head of the government
* [[Carlo M. Cipolla]] (1922–2000), economic historian
* [[Francesco Corbetta]] (1615–1681), guitar virtuoso, teacher and composer
* [[Tranquillo Cremona]] (1837–1878), painter
* [[Claudia Muzio]] (1889–1936), opera singer

People who have lived in Pavia include:

* St. [[Alexander Sauli]] (1591–1592), Bishop of Pavia
* [[Alessandro Volta]] (1745–1827), scientist and inventor of the [[Battery (electricity)|battery]]
* [[Simion Bărnuțiu]] (1808–1864), philosopher and politician
* [[Giacomo Trecourt]] (1812-1882), Italian painter
* [[Camillo Golgi]] (1843–1926), biologist and Nobel laureate
* [[Giovanni de Ventura]] (fl. 1479), [[plague doctor]]
* [[Riccardo Pampuri]] (1897–1930), saint and medical doctor
* [[Albert Einstein]] (1879–1955), physicist and Nobel laureate
* [[Ugo Foscolo]] (1778–1827), Italian writer, revolutionary and poet
* [[Dionysios Solomos]] (1798-1857), national poet of Greece
* [[Dante Troisi]] (1920–1989), writer and judge

Among the illustrious scholars who studied or taught at the University of Pavia, the following are at least worth remembering: [[Carlo Goldoni]], [[Gerolamo Cardano]], [[Gerolamo Saccheri]], [[Ugo Foscolo]], [[Alessandro Volta]] the inventor of the [[battery (electricity)|battery]], [[Lazzaro Spallanzani]], [[Antonio Scarpa]], [[Carlo Forlanini]], the Nobel laureate biologist [[Camillo Golgi]], the Nobel laureate chemist [[Giulio Natta]] and [[Emanuele Severino]], one of the most important contemporary Italian philosophers.

== See also ==
*[[Botanical Garden of Pavia]]
*[[Pavese (territory)|Pavese]]
*[[commons:Category:Cimitero_Monumentale_(Pavia)|Cimitero Monumentale di Pavia]] (Wikimedia Commons)

== Footnotes ==
{{Reflist}}

== Works cited ==
* Arnaldi, Girolamo. ''Italy and Its Invaders.'' Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 2005. Print.
* Christie, Neil. ''The Lombards The Ancient Longobards.'' Cambridge, Massachusetts: Basil Blackwell Inc., 1995. Print.
* Dale, Sharon. ''A house divided: San Pietro in Ciel d'Oro in Pavia and the politics of Pope John XXII.'' ''Journal of Medieval History'' 27:1. {{DOI|10.1016/S0304-4181(00)00016-6}}
* Geary, Patrick J. ''Readings in Medieval History, vol. 1'' Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2010. Print.
* Moorhead, John. ''Theoderic in Italy.'' Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1992. Print.
* Paul the Deacon. ''History of the Lombards.'' Translated by William Dudley Foulke, edited by Edward Peters. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2003. Web. Oct. 15, 2009.
* Scott, Leader. ''The Cathedral Builders The Story of a Great Masonic Guild.'' London: S, Low, Marston and Company, 1899. Print.
* Thompson, E. A. ''Romans and Barbarians The Decline of the Western Empire.'' Madison, Wisconsin: The University of Wisconsin Press, 1982. Print.
* Weinstein, Donald. Rev. of ''St. Augustine’s Bones: A Microhistory'', by Harold Samuel Stone. The American Historical Review Vol. 108 No. 4, October 2003. Web. October 16, 2013.
* Wickham, Chris. ''Early Medieval Italy Central Power and Local Society 400 –1000.'' London: The Macmillan Press Ltd., 1981. Print.

==Further reading==
{{See also|Timeline of Pavia#Bibliography|l1=Bibliography of the history of Pavia}}
'''Published in the 19th century'''
* {{Citation |publisher = Karl Baedeker |location = Coblenz |title = Italy |edition=2nd |date = 1870 |chapterurl= https://archive.org/stream/italyhandbookfor04karl#page/148/mode/2up |chapter=Pavia |ol = 24140254M }}
* {{Citation |publisher = John Murray |location = London |title = Hand-book for Travellers in Northern Italy |edition = 16th |date = 1897 |oclc = 2231483 |chapterurl = https://archive.org/stream/hand00bookfortravejohnrich#page/186/mode/2up |chapter= Pavia |ol = 6936521M }}

'''Published in the 20th century'''
* {{Citation |publisher = Macmillan Co |location = New York |author = Edward Hutton |authorlink=Edward Hutton (writer) |title = The Cities of Lombardy |date = 1912 |chapterurl = https://archive.org/stream/citiesoflombardy00huttrich#page/148/mode/2up |chapter= Pavia |ol = 7191828M }}
* {{Citation |publisher = Karl Baedeker |location = Leipzig |edition=14th |title = Northern Italy |date = 1913 |chapterurl= https://archive.org/stream/northernitalyi00karl#page/240/mode/2up |chapter= Pavia |ol = 16015532M }}
* {{Citation |publisher = Smith, Elder & Co. |location = London |author = Egerton R. Williams Jr. |title = Lombard Towns of Italy |date = 1914 |chapterurl = https://archive.org/stream/lombardtownsofit00will#page/220/mode/2up |chapter=Pavia (etc.) |ol = 23316028M }}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Pavia}}
{{Wikisource|The Nuttall Encyclopædia/P#Pavia|The Nuttall Encyclopædia Pavia article}}
* [http://italiaanse-toestanden.duepadroni.it/pavia Pavia – A historical city worth discovering]
* [http://www.paviafree.it Pavia on the web]

{{Province of Pavia}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Pavia| ]]
[[Category:Burial sites of the House of Wessex]]
[[Category:Castles in Italy]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Lombardy]]
[[Category:Former capitals of Italy]]
[[Category:Populated places on the Ticino (river)]]
[[Category:University towns in Italy]]

Würth

2020-09-27T12:12:59Z

Willy3198:

{{Infobox company
|name = Würth, The Wurth Group
|logo = Würth logo.svg
|logo_size = 220px
| type = [[Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung|GmbH]] ([[Private company]])
|foundation = 1945
|location = [[Künzelsau]], Germany
|key_people = Jürg Michel, Reiner Specht (Executive [[Vice President]]), Markus Wurth (Executive Vice President), Alois Wimmer (Executive Vice President), Pentti Rantanen (Executive Vice President)
|revenue = {{Increase}} [[Euro|€]] 14.27 billion (2019)<ref name="wuerthcom" />
|operating_income = {{Decrease}} [[Euro|€]] 750 million (2019)<ref name="wuerthcom" />
|num_employees = 78,686 (2019)<ref name="wuerthcom">[https://www.wuerth.com/web/en/wuerthcom/presse/pressemitteilungen/pmdetail_176192.php WÜRTH GROUP CONTINUES TO GROW], ''Würth [online]'', 22. January 2020</ref>
|industry = Fasteners, chemicals, safety products, tools, inventory management
|homepage = [http://www.wurth.com/ wurth.com]
}}
The '''Würth Group''' ({{lang-de|Würth-Gruppe}}, {{IPA-de|ˈvʏʁtɡʁʊpə|pron}}) is a worldwide wholesaler of [[fastener]]s, [[screws]] and screw accessories, [[dowel]]s, [[Chemical industry|chemicals]], [[Electronic component|electronic]] and [[Electromechanics|electromechanical]] components, [[furniture]] and [[construction]] fittings, [[tool]]s, machines, installation material, [[automotive]] hardware, [[inventory management]], storage and retrieval systems. Würth was founded in 1945 by Adolf Würth in [[Künzelsau]], [[Germany]]. The company is currently (2017) led by his son [[Reinhold Würth]].

==History==
Würth was founded by Adolf Würth (1909–1954),<ref>[http://www.tagblatt.de/Home/nachrichten/wirtschaft_artikel,-In-Oesterreich-beginnt-Wuerths-Privatsphaere-_arid,79295.html ''In Österreich beginnt Würths Privatsphäre''], [[Schwäbisches Tagblatt]], 1. Oktober 2009</ref> established for the purpose of selling screws in 1945 in Künzelsau (hence the company logo, which consists of the family name and two screw heads with cylindrical and round heads). After the death of Adolf Würth, his son Reinhold Würth took over in 1954 at the age of 19 with his mother Alma Würth, making it a two-person company.

Since then, the company has become the world's leading retail group with the main business share in the distribution of fasteners and tools with approximately 120,000 different products in these lines. Its more than 3 million customers include companies from the construction industry, wood and metal crafting, automotive companies, and, increasingly, industrial customers.

Today the Würth Group operates worldwide and employs over 71,000 people, making it one of the largest non-listed companies in Germany. The German newspaper ''[[Die Welt]]'' listed it as 91 on its list of top 500 companies.

On 1 January 1994, Reinhold Würth withdrew from management and took over as Chairman of the Würth Advisory Board. On March 1, 2006, he passed on this office to his daughter Bettina Würth and became Chairman of the Supervisory Board of the Würth Group.

On 27 October 2006, after five years of research, the group opened a production plant in [[Schwäbisch Hall]] for new types of [[solar cells]] using [[copper]], [[indium]], and [[selenium]] instead of [[silicon]].<ref>[http://www.stern.de/wirtschaft/unternehmen/unternehmen/576307.html?nv=ct_cb ''Solarzellen. Ein Platz an der Sonne''], [[Stern (Zeitschrift)|stern]], 16. November 2006, Nr. 46</ref>

Unlike other trading companies, Würth spends much on research and development. It set a record in 2007 with more than 60 patents.<ref>[http://www.germanchampions.de/wurth-montage-und-befestigungsmaterial-fur-profis/''German Champions - Innovationsmotor Mittelstand''], Study of the Technische Universität München and the Munich Innovation Group</ref>

==Corporate structure==
Besides the German parent company Adolf Würth GmbH & Co, Würth includes more than 400 companies in 86 countries, which are divided into two lines:

*The Würth Line (die ''Würth-Linie''), whose companies carry the Würth name
*206 allied companies, which are usually purchased companies that operate under their original name or have been integrated into another allied company

The Würth Group specializes in sales through its representatives. It operates globally, with continuous expansions due to sales.

==Corporate culture==
At Würth, reps{{huh|date=April 2020}} can earn bonuses through a differentiated reward system. The group companies and foreign sales companies are largely autonomous in their tasks, although they report their results to the parent company. Würth has also allowed its staff to select architects and planning representative administration to choose the best options for themselves.

==Cultural ties==
The Würth Group supports the Würth Foundation (Stiftung Würth), established by Carmen and Reinhold Würth in 1987 to promote art and culture, science and research, and education.<ref>{{cite web|title=Die Stiftung|url=http://www.stiftung-wuerth.de/web/de/stiftung_wuerth/stiftung/stiftung_wuerth.php|website=Stiftung Würth|accessdate=22 February 2015|language=German}}</ref> The organization gives many types of awards, including the Würth Prize for European Literature ([[Würth-Preis für Europäische Literatur]]), the Würth Prize of Jeunesses Musicales Germany (Würth-Preis der Jeunesses Musicales Deutschland), and the Würth Literature Prize ([[Würth-Literaturpreis]]).

In the company's headquarters in Künzelsau, employees can visit an in-house Würth Museum, next to [[Schwäbisch Hall]], whose exhibits change three to four times a year. The art museum is also open to the public.

The Würth Foundation awards several prizes in various artistic disciplines. In addition, the Würth Foundation engages in school and university funding. In 2005, the Künzelsau College of Applied Sciences of the University of Heilbronn was renamed Reinhold Würth University.

Würth is the organizer of the Würth Open-Air Festival, an annual multi-day festival in Künzelsau. Several Würth Group companies outside Germany have Würth art forums, including the Musée Würth France Erstein in [[France]] and the Museo Würth La Rioja in [[Spain]].<ref>[http://kunst.wuerth.com/de/kunstdependancen/kunstdependancen.php ''Die Kunstdependancen in den Konzerngesellschaften der Würth-Gruppe''] bei kunst.wuerth.com (abgerufen am 24. Mai 2010)</ref> In [[Chur]], Switzerland, the Foundation maintains the Stiftung das Kulturforum Würth Chur.

==Würth and sports==

===Professional cycling===
Since 2000, Würth has been a strong supporter of professional [[bicycle road racing]]. Prior to 2005, Würth helped sponsor the ONCE-Eroski Pro Cycling Team. Then in 2005, Würth became one of the team's primary sponsors for the Liberty Seguros-Würth Cycling Team. In 2006, the company continued its support through the [[Astana-Würth Cycling Team]].

In addition, the Würth Group has served as the presenting sponsor for the [[Tour de Suisse 2005|2005]] and [[Tour de Suisse 2006|2006]] [[Tour de Suisse]] (Tour of Switzerland).

===Football===
Würth has been sponsor on the uniforms of referees and their assistants in [[La Liga]], Spain's premier football league for the last several years. Würth has also been sponsor on the uniform for icelandic top division club [[Fylkir]] since 2017.

===Basketball===
Würth has been sponsor of [[Virtus Roma]] in Italy, in 2001-2002 season for the Italian League of Basketball.

===Ice hockey===
Würth has sponsored various ice hockey team and events, in particular Italian league mainstays [[HC Bolzano]], who won the 1994-95 [[Six Nations Tournament (ice hockey)|Cup of the European Leagues]] as HC Bolzano Würth. Würth also sponsored the [[Canada national men's ice hockey team|Canadian team]] at the [[2013 Spengler Cup]] and [[2016 Spengler Cup]] hockey tournament.

Würth is also the sponsor of the ice palace "WürthArena" in [[Egna]], Italy.

===Formula One===
For the [[2008 Formula One Season|2008 season]], Würth supplied tools and fasteners to [[Panasonic Toyota Racing]] and the company's logo featured in the pit garage, on team trucks and on all official communication.

===Formula E===
For the inaugural [[2014–15 Formula E season|Formula E 2014 season]], a new FIA championship for electrically powered cars, [[:de:Würth Elektronik Unternehmensgruppe|Wurth Electronik]] became technology partner to the only German racing team, [[Abt Sportsline|ABT Schaeffler Audi Sport]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Formula E technology partnership between Würth Elektronik eiSos and ABT Schaeffler Audi Sport|url=http://new-techeurope.com/2016/06/09/formula-e-technology-partnership-between-wurth-elektronik-eisos-and-abt-schaeffler-audi-sport|website=New-TechEurope|accessdate=27 February 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Formula E, perfect test bench for electric mobility|url=http://www.energynews.es/english/formula-e-perfect-test-bench-for-electric-mobility|website=EnergyNews|accessdate=27 February 2017}}</ref> The company's logo features on the nose of the team cars, in the pit garage, on team trucks and on all official communication. After the successful start of the racing season, Würth Elektronik extended its sponsorship agreement with ABT for a further three years.<ref>{{cite web|title=Würth Elektronik eiSos intensifies its Formula E sponsoring activities: Engagement for the future e-mobility market|url=http://www.we-online.de/web/en/wuerth_elektronik/news_weg/news_archiv_2015_weg/news-detail-we-gruppe_79294.php|website=Würth Elektronik|accessdate=27 February 2017}}</ref>

===DTM===
Since [[2000 Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters season|2000 season]], Würth is an official brake fluid, radiator fluid, supplied tools and fasteners of [[Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters]] from 2000 to 2010 and exclusively [[Audi Sport]] [[Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters|DTM]]'s brake fluid, radiator fluid, supplied tools and fasteners supplier since 2000.

===NASCAR===
Beginning in the 2012 season, Würth became a primary sponsor in seven [[NASCAR Nationwide Series|Nationwide Series]] races on the #12 [[Team Penske]] [[Dodge]]/[[Ford Motor Company|Ford]]. Beginning in the 2014 season, Würth is a primary sponsor in four [[Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series]] races on [[Brad Keselowski]] of Team Penske's #2 [[Ford Fusion (Americas)|Ford Fusion]].

===V8 Supercars===
Since the start of the 2015 season, Würth have been in a long term, strategic arrangement with V8 Supercars team, Dick Johnson Racing/Team Penske. The new livery was launched at the support race to the Australian Formula One Grand Prix with [[Marcos Ambrose]] as driver and [[Scott Pye]] forthwith racing in the colours in select races for the rest of the season.<ref>http://www.v8supercars.com.au/news/championship/wurth-launches-djr-team-penske-partnership</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.wurth.com/ Official Site]
* [http://www.wurthindustry.uk/ Würth Industry UK]
* [http://www.wurthindustry.com/ Wurth Industry of North America]
* [http://www.we-online.com/ Wurth Elektronik]
* [http://www.wurthcanada.com/ Wurth Canada]
* [http://www.wurthusa.com/ Wurth USA]
* [http://www.wurthracing.com/ Würth Racing]
* [http://www.wurth.com.tr/ Wurth Turkey]
* [http://wurth.am/ Wurth Armenia]
* [http://www.wurth.com.ge/ Wurth Georgia]
* [http://www.wurth.it/ Würth Italia]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Wurth}}
[[Category:Companies based in Baden-Württemberg]]
[[Category:German brands]]
[[Category:Manufacturing companies of Germany]]

East Mississippi Community College

2020-09-07T11:23:25Z

Willy3198: /* Alumni */

{{third-party|date=August 2017}}
{{DISPLAYTITLE:East Mississippi Community College}}
{{Infobox university
| name = East Mississippi Community College
| image = EAST MISSISSIPPI - Color - PNG.png
| established = 1927
| type = Public Community College
| president = Scott Alsobrooks
| city = [[Scooba, Mississippi|Scooba]]
| state = [[Mississippi]]
| country = United States
| athletics = [[National Junior College Athletic Association|NJCAA]]
| sports = 10 teams
| nickname = Lions
| mascot =
| website = [http://www.eastms.edu/ www.eastms.edu]
| colors = Red, Black and White {{color box|#EE0000}} {{color box|#000000}} {{color box|#FFFFFF}}
| affiliations = [[Mississippi Association of Community & Junior Colleges]]
}}

'''East Mississippi Community College''' ('''EMCC'''), formerly known as '''East Mississippi Junior College''', is a public [[community college]] in [[Scooba, Mississippi]]. EMCC serves and is supported by [[Clay County, Mississippi|Clay]], [[Kemper County, Mississippi|Kemper]], [[Lauderdale County, Mississippi|Lauderdale]], [[Lowndes County, Mississippi|Lowndes]], [[Noxubee County, Mississippi|Noxubee]] and [[Oktibbeha County, Mississippi|Oktibbeha]] counties in east central Mississippi. The college has two principal campuses in Scooba and [[Mayhew, Mississippi]] and offers courses at five other locations. One of fifteen community colleges in Mississippi, EMCC is accredited by the [[Southern Association of Colleges and Schools|Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges]] (SACSCOC) to award the [[Associate degree|Associate]] of Applied Science degree and the Associate of Arts degree.

EMCC is the home of the 2011, 2013, 2014, 2017, and 2018 [[National Junior College Athletic Association|NJCAA]] National Champions in [[American football]].

== Campuses ==

=== Scooba campus ===
[[File:EMCC Scooba.jpg|thumb|EMCC Scooba Campus Student Union|right]]

East Mississippi Community College's original campus is located in the [[Kemper County, Mississippi|Kemper County]] town of [[Scooba, Mississippi|Scooba]]. It was founded in 1927 following its beginnings 15 years earlier as Kemper County Agricultural High School. The town is adjacent to the [[Kansas City Southern Railway|Kansas City Southern Railroad]], [[U.S. Route 45]], and [[Mississippi Highway 16]], 35 miles north of [[Meridian, Mississippi|Meridian]] and 50 miles south of [[Columbus, Mississippi|Columbus]]. The college owns 287 acres of land, 25 of which make up the campus. The central administrative office for all of EMCC's locations is in the Thomas L. Davis Jr. Administration Building.

Other buildings include the F.R. Young Student Union (includes cafeteria and bookstore), Wallace Hall (business and financial aid offices), Wellness and Fitness Center, Physical Plant Complex, Chapel in the Pines, Orr Center for Christian Activity, Scooba Campus Police Department and EMCC president's residence.

Athletic facilities include Athletic Instruction and Training Building/Lions Field House, Sullivan-Windham Field (5,000-seat, artificial turf football stadium), Keyes Currie Coliseum (900-seat basketball arena), Gerald Poole Baseball Field, Lady Lions Softball Field and rodeo training arena.

==== Residence halls ====
The college maintains six residence halls and thirty cottages on the Scooba Campus which house nearly 600 students. Student residences are air-conditioned and equipped with furniture, cable TV outlets, Wi-Fi, security and laundry facilities.

Gilbert-Anderson Hall, the main residence hall for women, has living accommodations for 170 students. The Women's Honor Residence Hall can house 46 students; assignment to this residence hall requires students to demonstrate, and maintain, high grade point averages.

Residence halls for men include Lauderdale Hall (78 students), Noxubee Hall (84 students) and Sullivan Hall (60 students). The Men's Honor Residence can house 46 students; assignment to this residence hall requires students to demonstrate, and maintain, high grade point averages.

The campus also includes three athletic villages made up of 30 Katrina-style cottages, each housing four or five students, for a combined capacity of 104.

New dorm: Due to increasing demand, a new residence hall for the Scooba campus is currently in the planning stages.

=== Golden Triangle campus ===
[[File:EMCC Golden Triangle Student Union.jpg|thumb|EMCC Golden Triangle Student Union|260x260px]]

The Golden Triangle campus was opened in 1968. It is located in [[Mayhew, Mississippi|Mayhew]], an unincorporated area in [[Lowndes County, Mississippi|Lowndes County]]. on 83.46 acres adjacent to the frontage road of [[Mississippi Highway 182|Highway 182]] and the [[Illinois Central Gulf Railroad]] and 1 mile east of the intersection of [[U.S. Route 45|U.S. Route 45 Alternate]] and [[U.S. Route 82]]. The campus is 10 miles east of [[Starkville, Mississippi|Starkville]], 10 miles south of [[West Point, Mississippi|West Point]], and 12 miles west of [[Columbus, Mississippi|Columbus]]. The Golden Triangle campus of multiple building with more than 200,000 square feet.

Thomas Douglas Building: Originally built as a vocational education center, the building has been expanded over time into a large complex, which houses classrooms for both academic and technical instruction. In addition, the Counseling Center, classrooms and laboratories for career-technical programs, computer applications, IT, Administrative Computing, ABE-GED and developmental education are located in this facility. Also located in the Douglas Building is the Aaron Langston Student Center, which houses the bookstore, lounge area and 155 Grill.

Thomas Douglas Annex: This facility includes classrooms, labs, and office space for three career-technical programs, Automotive Technology, Welding and Fabrication and Industrial Maintenance.

Center for Manufacturing Technology Excellence: Located on the west side of the campus, the CMTE is the home of EMCC's Manufacturing Technology & Engineering Division, which provides workforce training for Golden Triangle area industries. It includes 7,800 square feet of high bay manufacturing space, a 4,400-square-foot multi-purpose commons area, classrooms, a 70-seat elevated seminar room, and an administration area which includes office space, workrooms and a conference room.

Math and Science Building: This facility provides classrooms and additional office space for faculty, recruiting staff, and the Dean of Students. It contains three science laboratories, which are used concurrently as chemistry, physics and biology classrooms. A 70-seat elevated seminar classroom for larger group instruction is supported by laptop connections.

Library: With more than 8,000 square feet, the library has two study rooms, a computer lab with 17 computers, and a multi-media center.

Administration and Student Services Building: This facility houses administrative offices, the business office, financial aid offices, the registrar's office and other student services offices.

Humanities and Fine Arts Building: Opened in 2008, this facility includes classrooms and offices for faculty, as well as the campus art studio. A central administrative suite contains the offices of the Vice President for Instruction and the Associate Deans of Instruction.

Student Union: A new 76,000-square-foot Student Union is scheduled to open during fall 2016. The building will house a full-service cafeteria with a large open dining room and a much larger bookstore, with lounge areas and additional retail space for online e-books, laptop computers and tablets. Also included are a special events dining room, 12 multi-purpose classrooms, large elevated lecture hall, computer lab with 100 work stations, office suites, art gallery, convenience store and Starbucks coffee shop.

=== Columbus Air Force Base extension ===
East Mississippi Community College opened an extension campus at [[Columbus Air Force Base]] in 1972, just four years after the Golden Triangle campus in Mayhew. CAFB is located 11 miles north of [[Columbus, Mississippi|Columbus]]. The extension campus offers daytime, evening and online classes. Military students can complete their associate degrees with EMCC, or transfer credits to the [[Community College of the Air Force]] and pick up where they left off at their next duty station. Generally, about a third of CAFB Extension's students are active-duty military or military dependents. The other two-thirds are civilians from the [[Lowndes County, Mississippi|Lowndes County]] area.

=== Naval Air Station Meridian extension ===
Since 1989, East Mississippi Community College has offered classes year-round at its [[Naval Air Station Meridian]] Extension, located 20 miles north of [[Meridian, Mississippi|Meridian]]. Military students can complete their associate degrees with EMCC, or pick up where they left off at their next duty station through an agreement with the Servicemembers Opportunity Colleges and the [[American Council on Education]]. Students include active-duty military, military dependents and civilians from the [[Lauderdale County, Mississippi|Lauderdale County]] area.

=== Lion Hills Center ===
In October 2012, East Mississippi Community College purchased the land and buildings of the former Columbus Country Club in [[Columbus, Mississippi|Columbus, Miss.]], in U.S. Bankruptcy Court. After renovations, the facility re-opened the following year as Lion Hills Center, an extension campus of EMCC.

Education and training is the centerpiece of Lion Hills Center's service to the community. The facility is the home of EMCC's Hotel and Restaurant Management, Culinary Arts, and Golf and Recreational Turf Management programs. In addition to these college credit programs, Lion Hills hosts continuing education and community interest courses, educational and corporate seminars, and small conferences that serve local and regional interests.

EMCC has retained the facility's identity as a community meeting place. Lion Hills Center operates as a dining facility with professionally trained staff and opportunities for EMCC Hotel and Restaurant and Culinary Arts students to benefit from hands-on experience. Culinary camps are offered in the summer to area children. Lion Hills Center also hosts civic club meetings, banquets, receptions, holiday parties and family gatherings.

Lion Hills Center continues to operate the golf course, swimming pool and tennis courts. Community groups host fund-raising golf tournaments. Golf, swimming and tennis lessons are offered to area children. As with the restaurant operation, EMCC Golf and Recreational Turf Management students work with professional groundskeepers to put classroom lessons into practice.

=== West Point-Clay County Center ===
EMCC opened the West Point-Clay County Center in August 2007 after a plant closing in West Point resulted in the loss of 1,600 jobs and a double-digit unemployment rate in [[Clay County, Mississippi|Clay County]]. The West Point facility is the result of a collaborative effort among the city of West Point, Clay County and EMCC. It began with the signing of an interlocal agreement providing for the renovation of three buildings donated by the [[Tennessee Valley Authority]].

The West Point-Clay County Center is the home of EMCC's Commercial Truck Driving and Residential Carpentry programs. Through EMCC's Manufacturing Technology & Engineering Division, students can also take Adult Basic Education and GED preparation classes. Workforce classes in welding are offered in the evening. In addition, [[Yokohama Rubber Company|Yokohama Tire Manufacturing Mississippi]], located in West Point, requires all potential employees to complete workforce classes at EMCC before applying for jobs. These classes, as well as classes and training for current Yokohama employees, are conducted at the West Point-Clay County Center.

=== Macon Extension ===
In the mid-1980s, East Mississippi Community College established extension offerings in [[Macon, Mississippi|Macon]], which is located in [[Noxubee County, Mississippi|Noxubee County]]. Core classes are taught at various locations, including [[Noxubee County High School]], Noxubee County Public Library, Noxubee County Civic Center and Hensleigh Training Center.

== Educational programs ==
Roughly three-quarters of all freshmen in the state of Mississippi are enrolled in community colleges. EMCC offers a broad range of academic/university parallel, career-technical, and workforce training options. These include "stackable" education credentials. At EMCC, one student could progress seamlessly though these steps, earning in order: GED, industry certificate through a non-credit workforce class, vocational certificate through a for-credit career-technical program, two-year associate degree in a career-technical program. Some EMCC graduates enter the workforce at different points along this path; others transfer to four-year colleges and universities.

=== Academic/university parallel ===
EMCC offers a full range of academic classes that prepare students for transfer to four-year colleges and universities. Graduates earn an Associate of Arts degree. The college has Honors programs and [[Phi Theta Kappa]] chapters at its Scooba and Golden Triangle campuses.

=== Career-technical programs ===
EMCC offers career-technical programs at its Scooba and Golden Triangle campuses, as well as Lions Hills Center and the West Point-Clay County Center. In many programs, students have the option of earning a vocational certificate through a short-term curriculum plan or an Associate of Applied Science degree over the course of two years of study. Career-technical programs related to industry and manufacturing are overseen by EMCC's Manufacturing Technology and Engineering (MTE) Division.

== Workforce training ==
EMCC's Manufacturing Technology & Engineering Division offers workforce training designed around the needs of the Golden Triangle area's high-tech industries. Students learn the skills needed by potential employers, earn certificates and degrees recognized by industry and are prepared to compete successfully for jobs. Industry leaders have the unique opportunity to partner with EMCC and build training models to ensure that new hires will start their jobs with a skill set suited to their duties.

EMCC established the Workforce Development program in 1993. The staff now works with more than 70 industrial and business partners and is working to increase the number of workforce offerings throughout EMCC's six-county district. Workforce Development and the new Manufacturing Technology & Engineering Division are headquartered at the Golden Triangle campus in the Center for Manufacturing Technology Excellence (CMTE).

Expansion: In 2018, EMCC is scheduled to open a large-scale workforce training center on land adjoining the Golden Triangle Regional Global Industrial Aerospace Park. Known as the "Communiversity" in the Golden Triangle area, it will replace the current CMTE. The 140,000-square-foot facility will accommodate EMCC Manufacturing Technology & Engineering Division credit and non-credit courses related to training workers for careers in advanced manufacturing. It is intended to enhance a growing manufacturing sector in East Mississippi by supporting workforce development for existing and prospective industries.

=== Credit classes ===
Workforce/Manufacturing Technology & Engineering oversees nine career-technical programs offering vocational certificate and/or associate degree options: Automation & Control, Automotive Technology, Drafting and Design, Electrical Technology, Electro-Mechanical Technology/Mechatronics, Electronics Technology, Industrial Maintenance, Precision Manufacturing & Machining, and Welding & Fabrication Technology.

=== Non-credit classes ===
Non-credit workforce training options include customized programs for individual industries. EMCC also offers non-credit workforce classes in computer applications, leadership, manufacturing skills, medical technology and health care, construction, electrical work, machining, HVAC, AutoCAD and welding. The MTE Division also offers employability skills classes for young adults and a summer camp for students in grades 7–12.

=== ABE-GED ===
The Manufacturing Technology and Engineering Division oversees the EMCC Launch Pad, which offers Adult Basic Education and GED preparation classes.

==History==
East Mississippi Community College was organized in 1927 following its beginnings as Kemper County Agricultural High School in Scooba. While the Scooba location has always been the primary campus, the Golden Triangle campus has been growing at an increasing rate since the 1990s. Founded as the Golden Triangle Vo-Tech Center in 1968, it serves the Golden Triangle region of Mississippi and is the primary location for workforce training and career-technical programs.

Historical highlights:
* 1922: The Mississippi Legislature passed enabling legislation authorizing agricultural high schools to add the "13th and 14th grades."
* 1927: Kemper County Agricultural High School became the sixth agricultural high school to add the 13th grade, marking the beginnings of the present-day college. Twenty students were enrolled that first year.
* 1929: John C. Stennis, then a state representative in the Mississippi Legislature, guided a bill that enabled Kemper County Agricultural High School to borrow $50,000 for the repair of buildings.
* 1932: Noxubee County joined in the support of Kemper-Noxubee Junior College and enrollment increased to 155 students. The 1933 catalogue included this statement: "To assist our students in paying matriculation fees and buying books, we will purchase, as far as we can use them, corn, peas, potatoes, molasses, pork, beef, butter, eggs and vegetables." This established the college's long-term policy of helping students overcome economic barriers to education.
* 1939: Lauderdale County joined in providing support, and the college was renamed East Mississippi Junior College.
* 1963: Lowndes County joined the EMJC district.
* 1966: Clay County joined the EMJC district.
* 1967: Oktibbeha County joined the EMJC district.
* 1968: East Mississippi Junior College's board of trustees voted to establish a vocational-technical center in Mayhew – the beginnings of the present-day Golden Triangle campus.
* 1972: EMJC began offering classes to military personnel and civilians at Columbus Air Force Base.
* Mid-1980s: EMJC began offering classes in Macon. The first teaching site was at the Noxubee County Vocational Center; present-day classes are taught at various locations in Macon.
* 1989: EMJC began offering classes at Naval Air Station Meridian.
* 1989: East Mississippi Junior College was renamed East Mississippi Community College.
* 1993: East Mississippi Community College established a Workforce Development program. The Workforce Development staff now works with more than 70 industrial and business partners, and the Center for Manufacturing Technology Excellence is considered a model program throughout the state.
* August 2007: East Mississippi Community College opened the West Point-Clay County Center in partnership with elected officials from Clay County and West Point. The first West Point programs were housed in three buildings donated by the Tennessee Valley Authority.
* October 2008: The State College Board of the Institutions of Higher Learning approved an associate degree Nursing Program at EMCC's Golden Triangle campus.
* Fall 2008 to Spring 2009: EMCC's tuition guarantee program got off the ground in Clay County in October 2008, with help from the CREATE Foundation, the Clay County Board of Supervisors and local fund-raisers. In January 2009, with the help of an anonymous corporate donor, the tuition guarantee program expanded to include students from Lowndes County. EMCC's tuition guarantee program went district-wide in April 2009 and is now available to students from Clay, Lowndes, Oktibbeha, Noxubee, Kemper and Lauderdale counties.
* October 2012: EMCC purchased the land and buildings of the former Columbus Country Club in U.S. Bankruptcy Court. After renovations, the facility re-opened the next year as Lion Hills Center, an extension campus of EMCC.

==Athletics==
EMCC offers men's athletics programs in baseball, basketball, cheerleading, football, golf and rodeo. Women's teams are fielded in basketball, cheerleading, rodeo, and softball.

The Lions of East Mississippi Community College are affiliated with the [[National Junior College Athletic Association]] (NJCAA) and the Mississippi Association of Community and Junior Colleges (MACJC). EMCC competes at the NJCAA Division I level in football and basketball while participating at the Division II level in baseball, softball and men's golf. The College's athletic teams in football and basketball currently compete within the MACJC's North Division.

Over the past decade (beginning with 2008–09 season), East Mississippi Community College's athletic teams have combined for four NJCAA national championships, 10 [[National Junior College Athletic Association|NJCAA]] national postseason appearances, nine NJCAA Region 23 championships, four MACJC state championships, and 16 MACJC North Division regular-season titles. Individually since 2008–09, EMCC has had a composite total of 30 NJCAA All-Americans in football, men's basketball, women's basketball and men's golf combined. In addition, Marcus Theriot claimed the national collegiate championships (National Intercollegiate Rodeo Association) in men's All-Around and tie-down roping at the 2016 College National Finals Rodeo.

The 2015 and 2016 football seasons were documented in the first and second seasons of the [[Netflix]] series ''[[Last Chance U]]''.<ref name="rs">{{Cite web |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/sports/news/watch-trailer-for-new-netflix-football-doc-last-chance-u-coach-buddy-stephens-20160705 |title=See Trailer for Gut-Wrenching College Football Doc 'Last Chance U' |work=[[Rolling Stone]] |date=July 5, 2016}}</ref>

=== Football ===
* Five-time NJCAA National Champions (2011, 2013, 2014, 2017, & 2018.)
* Seven-time MACJC State/NJCAA Region 23 Champions (2009, 2011, 2013, 2014, 2016, 2017, & 2018)
* Nine-time MACJC North Division Champions (2009,2011-2018)

=== Men's basketball ===
* Five-time NJCAA National Tournament participants (2010–13 & 2016)
* Four-time NJCAA Region 23 Tournament champions (2010–13)
* Five-time MACJC North Division champions (2010–13 & 2019)
* 2019 MACJC State champions

=== Women's basketball ===
* 2009 NJCAA National Tournament participant
* 2009 NJCAA Region 23 Tournament champion
* Three-time MACJC North Division champions (2009, 2011 & 2014)

=== Baseball ===
* 2015 NJCAA Region 23 Tournament participant
* 2014 MACJC North Division champion
* Three-time MACJC state playoff participants (2011, 2014,& 2015)

=== Softball ===
* Two-time NJCAA Academic Softball Team of the Year (2013 & 2014)
* 2011 MACJC North Division champion
* Seven-time MACJC state playoff participants (2009–14 & 2016)

=== Men's golf ===
* Four-time MACJC State Championship runners-up (2011–13 & 2015)
* Two-time NJCAA Region 23 Championship runners-up (2009 & 2014)

=== Rodeo ===
* Fifth-place men's team national finish in 2016 College National Finals Rodeo
* Marcus Theriot won 2016 All-Around and tie-down roping national championships at 2016 CNFR
* Represented at CNFR every year since program's inception in 2010

==Alumni==
* [[Dakota Allen]], NFL player for the [[Jacksonville Jaguars]]. Appeared on ''[[Last Chance U]]''.
* [[Larry Anderson (basketball)|Larry Anderson]], basketball coach for MIT<ref name="Cleveland">{{cite news |last1=Cleveland |first1=Rick |title=From Macon to MIT: Larry Anderson's Amazing Story |url=https://mississippitoday.org/2019/06/04/from-macon-to-mit-larry-andersons-amazing-story/ |accessdate=5 June 2019 |date=June 4, 2019}}</ref>
* [[Denico Autry]], current NFL player for the [[Indianapolis Colts]].
* [[LeGarrette Blount]], [[University of Oregon]] [[running back]] and former NFL player for the [[Detroit Lions]].
* [[Orlando Bobo]], former NFL player for the [[Minnesota Vikings]], [[Cleveland Browns]], and the [[Baltimore Ravens]].
* Mississippi Lt. Gov. [[Eddie Briggs]]
* [[Milford Brown]], former NFL player for multiple NFL teams.
* [[Terry W. Brown|Sen. Terry Brown]], President Pro Tem of the Mississippi State Senate
* Bill Buckley, longtime regional director of Fellowship of Christian Athletes.
* [[Kortney Clemons]], [[Paralympic]] athlete who played cornerback at EMCC.
* [[Justin Cox]], former-NFL player for the [[Kansas City Chiefs]], current player for the CFL's Saskatchewan Roughriders
* [[George Cummings]], guitarist and songwriter. Founder of ''[[Dr. Hook & the Medicine Show]]'', well known for many hits, among them "[[The Cover of Rolling Stone]]."
* [[Quinton Dial]], [[University of Alabama]] NFL player for the [[San Francisco 49ers]].<ref>http://www.emccathletics.com/sports/fball/NextLevel</ref>
* [[John Franklin III]], NFL player for the [[Tampa Bay Buccaneers]]. Appeared on ''[[Last Chance U]]''.
* Eugene Futato, deputy director of University of Alabama Office of Archaeological Research .
* [[Willie Earl Gillespie]], USFL and NFL wide receiver.
* [[Tom Goode]], former NFL player for the [[Baltimore Colts]].
* [[Chad Kelly]], current football player for the Indianapolis Colts.
* [[Jack Manley]], former NFL player for the [[San Francisco 49ers]].
* [[Devonta Pollard]], basketball player for the [[University of Houston]], currently playing overseas.
* [[C. J. Reavis]], NFL player for the [[Atlanta Falcons]]. Appeared on ''[[Last Chance U]]''.
* [[Jarran Reed]], NFL player for the [[Seattle Seahawks]].
* Dr. [[Donald C. Simmons, Jr.]], noted documentary filmmaker, author, and social entrepreneur.
* [[Antowain Smith]], former NFL player for the [[Buffalo Bills]].<ref>http://www.sportingnews.com/ca/ncaa-football/news/last-chance-u-season-2-netflix-emcc-east-mississippi-community-college-football-alumni-blount/1wby4m6i9plj31sg7tlw6frv2i</ref>
* Rep. [[Jeff Smith (Mississippi politician)|Jeff Smith]], R-District 39, Mississippi State Legislature.
* [[Za'Darius Smith]], University of Kentucky and Current NFL player for the [[Green Bay Packers]].
* [[Bull Sullivan|Bob "Bull" "Cyclone" Sullivan]], football coach.
* [[Bo Wallace]], former football player for the [[University of Mississippi]].

==References==
{{more citations needed|date=July 2016}}
{{reflist|30em}}

==External links==
{{Portal|Mississippi}}
*{{official website}}
*[http://www.emccathletics.com EMCC Athletics]

{{Public Colleges and Universities in Mississippi}}
{{Education in Oktibbeha County, Mississippi}}
{{authority control}}

[[Category:East Mississippi Community College| ]]
[[Category:Community colleges in Mississippi]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1927]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools]]
[[Category:Education in Kemper County, Mississippi]]
[[Category:Education in Lowndes County, Mississippi]]
[[Category:Education in Lauderdale County, Mississippi]]
[[Category:Education in Noxubee County, Mississippi]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Kemper County, Mississippi]]
[[Category:NJCAA athletics]]
[[Category:1927 establishments in Mississippi]]

Template:Indianapolis Colts roster

2020-09-05T21:17:28Z

Willy3198:

Template:Indianapolis Colts roster

2020-09-03T21:15:18Z

Willy3198: Scott waived

{{NFL roster
|TeamName=Indianapolis Colts
|rosterlink=https://www.colts.com/team/players-roster/
|depthlink=https://www.colts.com/team/depth-chart/
|translink=https://www.colts.com/team/transactions/
|BC1=#013369
|FC1=#FFFFFF
|BDC1=#1D252C
|offseason=yes
|Active=78
|Inactive=4
|Exempt=
|PS=
|FA=
|unsigned=
|Date=September 3, 2020

|Quarterbacks=
{{NFLplayer| 7|Jacoby Brissett}}
{{NFLplayer| 9|Jacob Eason|rookie=y}}
{{NFLplayer| 6|Chad Kelly}}
{{NFLplayer|17|Philip Rivers}}

|Running Backs=
{{NFLplayer|21|Nyheim Hines}}
{{NFLplayer|25|Marlon Mack}}
{{NFLplayer|28|Jonathan Taylor|d=American football|rookie=y}}
{{NFLplayer|20|Jordan Wilkins}}

|Wide Receivers=
{{NFLplayer|15|Parris Campbell}}
{{NFLplayer|16|Ashton Dulin}}
{{NFLplayer|10|Daurice Fountain}}
{{NFLplayer| 5|DeMichael Harris|rookie=y}}
{{NFLplayer|13|T. Y. Hilton}}
{{NFLplayer|83|Marcus Johnson|d=wide receiver}}
{{NFLplayer|14|Zach Pascal}}
{{NFLplayer|85|Dezmon Patmon|rookie=y}}
{{NFLplayer|86|Michael Pittman Jr.|rookie=y}}

|Tight Ends=
{{NFLplayer|81|Mo Alie-Cox}}
{{NFLplayer|80|Trey Burton}}
{{NFLplayer|47|Dominique Dafney|rookie=y}}
{{NFLplayer|84|Jack Doyle|d=American football}}
{{NFLplayer|41|Farrod Green|rookie=y}}
{{NFLplayer|43|Xavier Grimble}}
{{NFLplayer|42|Andrew Vollert}}

|Offensive Linemen=
{{NFLplayer|74|Anthony Castonzo|T}}
{{NFLplayer|62|Le'Raven Clark|T}}
{{NFLplayer|60|Jake Eldrenkamp|G}}
{{NFLplayer|64|Mark Glowinski|G}}
{{NFLplayer|69|Chaz Green|G}}
{{NFLplayer|75|Brandon Hitner|T}}
{{NFLplayer|68|Joey Hunt|C}}
{{NFLplayer|78|Ryan Kelly|d=American football|C}}
{{NFLplayer|56|Quenton Nelson|G}}
{{NFLplayer|61|Carter O'Donnell|T|rookie=y}}
{{NFLplayer|65|Javon Patterson|C}}
{{NFLplayer|63|Danny Pinter|G|rookie=y}}
{{NFLplayer|72|Braden Smith|T}}

|Defensive Linemen=
{{NFLplayer|96|Denico Autry|DT}}
{{NFLplayer|52|Ben Banogu|DE}}
{{NFLplayer|99|DeForest Buckner|DT}}
{{NFLplayer|92|Kameron Cline|DT|rookie=y}}
{{NFLplayer|91|Sheldon Day|DT}}
{{NFLplayer|95|Gerri Green|DE}}
{{NFLplayer|50|Justin Houston|DE}}
{{NFLplayer|94|Tyquan Lewis|DT}}
{{NFLplayer|97|Al-Quadin Muhammad|DE}}
{{NFLplayer|67|Taylor Stallworth|DT}}
{{NFLplayer|90|Grover Stewart|DT}}
{{NFLplayer|66|Chris Williams|DT|d=defensive lineman|rookie=y}}
{{NFLplayer|93|Robert Windsor|d=American football|DT|rookie=y}}

|Linebackers=
{{NFLplayer|49|Matthew Adams|d=American football|OLB}}
{{NFLplayer|44|Zaire Franklin|MLB}}
{{NFLplayer|59|Jordan Glasgow|OLB|rookie=y}}
{{NFLplayer|53|Darius Leonard|OLB}}
{{NFLplayer|58|Bobby Okereke|OLB}}
{{NFLplayer|45|E. J. Speed|OLB}}
{{NFLplayer|54|Anthony Walker Jr.|MLB}}

|Defensive Backs=
{{NFLplayer|32|Julian Blackmon|S|rookie=y}}
{{NFLplayer|38|T. J. Carrie|CB}}
{{NFLplayer|41|Andre Chachere|CB}}
{{NFLplayer|29|Malik Hooker|FS}}
{{NFLplayer|23|Kenny Moore|d=American football|CB}}
{{NFLplayer|30|George Odum|FS}}
{{NFLplayer|40|Lafayette Pitts|CB}}
{{NFLplayer|36|Jackson Porter|CB}}
{{NFLplayer|48|Travis Reed|d=American football|CB|rookie=y}}
{{NFLplayer|27|Xavier Rhodes|CB}}
{{NFLplayer|34|Isaiah Rodgers|CB|rookie=y}}
{{NFLplayer|47|Donald Rutledge|d=American football|S|rookie=y}}
{{NFLplayer|35|Tremon Smith|CB}}
{{NFLplayer|37|Khari Willis|SS}}
{{NFLplayer|31|Tavon Wilson|SS}}
{{NFLplayer|26|Rock Ya-Sin|CB}}

|Special Teams=
{{NFLplayer| 3|Rodrigo Blankenship|K|rookie=y}}
{{NFLplayer| 5|Chase McLaughlin|K}}
{{NFLplayer|46|Luke Rhodes|LS}}
{{NFLplayer| 8|Rigoberto Sanchez|P}}

|Reserve Lists=
{{NFLplayer|35|Bruce Anderson|d=running back|RB|IR}}
{{NFLplayer|42|Rolan Milligan|S|Opt-out}}
{{NFLplayer|55|Skai Moore|MLB|Opt-out}}
{{NFLplayer|39|Marvell Tell|CB|Opt-out}}
{{NFLplayer|57|Kemoko Turay|DE|Active/PUP}}

|Practice Squad=

}}<noinclude>

==See also==
*{{tl|Indianapolis Colts roster navbox}}
[[Category:National Football League roster templates]]
[[Category:Indianapolis Colts templates]]
</noinclude>

Template:Indianapolis Colts roster

2020-08-31T23:43:14Z

Willy3198:

{{NFL roster
|TeamName=Indianapolis Colts
|rosterlink=https://www.colts.com/team/players-roster/
|depthlink=https://www.colts.com/team/depth-chart/
|translink=https://www.colts.com/team/transactions/
|BC1=#013369
|FC1=#FFFFFF
|BDC1=#1D252C
|offseason=yes
|Active=79
|Inactive=6
|Exempt=
|PS=
|FA=
|unsigned=
|Date=September 1, 2020

|Quarterbacks=
{{NFLplayer| 7|Jacoby Brissett}}
{{NFLplayer| 9|Jacob Eason|rookie=y}}
{{NFLplayer| 6|Chad Kelly}}
{{NFLplayer|17|Philip Rivers}}

|Running Backs=
{{NFLplayer|21|Nyheim Hines}}
{{NFLplayer|25|Marlon Mack}}
{{NFLplayer|28|Jonathan Taylor|d=American football|rookie=y}}
{{NFLplayer|20|Jordan Wilkins}}

|Wide Receivers=
{{NFLplayer|15|Parris Campbell}}
{{NFLplayer|16|Ashton Dulin}}
{{NFLplayer|10|Daurice Fountain}}
{{NFLplayer| 5|DeMichael Harris|rookie=y}}
{{NFLplayer|13|T. Y. Hilton}}
{{NFLplayer|83|Marcus Johnson|d=wide receiver}}
{{NFLplayer|14|Zach Pascal}}
{{NFLplayer|85|Dezmon Patmon|rookie=y}}
{{NFLplayer|86|Michael Pittman Jr.|rookie=y}}
{{NFLplayer| 1|Artavis Scott}}

|Tight Ends=
{{NFLplayer|81|Mo Alie-Cox}}
{{NFLplayer|80|Trey Burton}}
{{NFLplayer|47|Dominique Dafney|rookie=y}}
{{NFLplayer|84|Jack Doyle|d=American football}}
{{NFLplayer|41|Farrod Green|rookie=y}}
{{NFLplayer|43|Xavier Grimble}}
{{NFLplayer|42|Andrew Vollert}}

|Offensive Linemen=
{{NFLplayer|74|Anthony Castonzo|T}}
{{NFLplayer|62|Le'Raven Clark|T}}
{{NFLplayer|60|Jake Eldrenkamp|G}}
{{NFLplayer|64|Mark Glowinski|G}}
{{NFLplayer|69|Chaz Green|G}}
{{NFLplayer|75|Brandon Hitner|T}}
{{NFLplayer|68|Joey Hunt|C}}
{{NFLplayer|78|Ryan Kelly|d=American football|C}}
{{NFLplayer|56|Quenton Nelson|G}}
{{NFLplayer|61|Carter O'Donnell|T|rookie=y}}
{{NFLplayer|65|Javon Patterson|C}}
{{NFLplayer|63|Danny Pinter|G|rookie=y}}
{{NFLplayer|72|Braden Smith|T}}

|Defensive Linemen=
{{NFLplayer|96|Denico Autry|DT}}
{{NFLplayer|52|Ben Banogu|DE}}
{{NFLplayer|99|DeForest Buckner|DT}}
{{NFLplayer|92|Kameron Cline|DT|rookie=y}}
{{NFLplayer|91|Sheldon Day|DT}}
{{NFLplayer|95|Gerri Green|DE}}
{{NFLplayer|50|Justin Houston|DE}}
{{NFLplayer|94|Tyquan Lewis|DT}}
{{NFLplayer|97|Al-Quadin Muhammad|DE}}
{{NFLplayer|67|Taylor Stallworth|DT}}
{{NFLplayer|90|Grover Stewart|DT}}
{{NFLplayer|66|Chris Williams|DT|d=defensive lineman|rookie=y}}
{{NFLplayer|93|Robert Windsor|d=American football|DT|rookie=y}}

|Linebackers=
{{NFLplayer|49|Matthew Adams|d=American football|OLB}}
{{NFLplayer|44|Zaire Franklin|MLB}}
{{NFLplayer|59|Jordan Glasgow|OLB|rookie=y}}
{{NFLplayer|53|Darius Leonard|OLB}}
{{NFLplayer|58|Bobby Okereke|OLB}}
{{NFLplayer|45|E. J. Speed|OLB}}
{{NFLplayer|54|Anthony Walker Jr.|MLB}}

|Defensive Backs=
{{NFLplayer|32|Julian Blackmon|S|rookie=y}}
{{NFLplayer|38|T. J. Carrie|CB}}
{{NFLplayer|41|Andre Chachere|CB}}
{{NFLplayer|29|Malik Hooker|FS}}
{{NFLplayer|23|Kenny Moore|d=American football|CB}}
{{NFLplayer|30|George Odum|FS}}
{{NFLplayer|40|Lafayette Pitts|CB}}
{{NFLplayer|36|Jackson Porter|CB}}
{{NFLplayer|48|Travis Reed|d=American football|CB|rookie=y}}
{{NFLplayer|27|Xavier Rhodes|CB}}
{{NFLplayer|34|Isaiah Rodgers|CB|rookie=y}}
{{NFLplayer|47|Donald Rutledge|d=American football|S|rookie=y}}
{{NFLplayer|35|Tremon Smith|CB}}
{{NFLplayer|37|Khari Willis|SS}}
{{NFLplayer|31|Tavon Wilson|SS}}
{{NFLplayer|26|Rock Ya-Sin|CB}}

|Special Teams=
{{NFLplayer| 3|Rodrigo Blankenship|K|rookie=y}}
{{NFLplayer| 5|Chase McLaughlin|K}}
{{NFLplayer|46|Luke Rhodes|LS}}
{{NFLplayer| 8|Rigoberto Sanchez|P}}

|Reserve Lists=
{{NFLplayer|48|Ian Bunting|TE|IR}}
{{NFLplayer|76|Andrew Donnal|T|IR}}
{{NFLplayer|42|Rolan Milligan|S|Opt-out}}
{{NFLplayer|55|Skai Moore|MLB|Opt-out}}
{{NFLplayer|39|Marvell Tell|CB|Opt-out}}
{{NFLplayer|57|Kemoko Turay|DE|Active/PUP}}
{{NFLplayer|11|Chad Williams|d=wide receiver|WR|IR}}

|Practice Squad=

}}<noinclude>

==See also==
*{{tl|Indianapolis Colts roster navbox}}
[[Category:National Football League roster templates]]
[[Category:Indianapolis Colts templates]]
</noinclude>

Template:Indianapolis Colts roster

2020-08-31T23:38:42Z

Willy3198:

{{NFL roster
|TeamName=Indianapolis Colts
|rosterlink=https://www.colts.com/team/players-roster/
|depthlink=https://www.colts.com/team/depth-chart/
|translink=https://www.colts.com/team/transactions/
|BC1=#013369
|FC1=#FFFFFF
|BDC1=#1D252C
|offseason=yes
|Active=80
|Inactive=6
|Exempt=
|PS=
|FA=
|unsigned=
|Date=September 1, 2020

|Quarterbacks=
{{NFLplayer| 7|Jacoby Brissett}}
{{NFLplayer| 9|Jacob Eason|rookie=y}}
{{NFLplayer| 6|Chad Kelly}}
{{NFLplayer|17|Philip Rivers}}

|Running Backs=
{{NFLplayer|21|Nyheim Hines}}
{{NFLplayer|25|Marlon Mack}}
{{NFLplayer|28|Jonathan Taylor|d=American football|rookie=y}}
{{NFLplayer|20|Jordan Wilkins}}

|Wide Receivers=
{{NFLplayer|15|Parris Campbell}}
{{NFLplayer|16|Ashton Dulin}}
{{NFLplayer|10|Daurice Fountain}}
{{NFLplayer| 5|DeMichael Harris|rookie=y}}
{{NFLplayer|13|T. Y. Hilton}}
{{NFLplayer|83|Marcus Johnson|d=wide receiver}}
{{NFLplayer|14|Zach Pascal}}
{{NFLplayer|85|Dezmon Patmon|rookie=y}}
{{NFLplayer|86|Michael Pittman Jr.|rookie=y}}
{{NFLplayer| 1|Artavis Scott}}

|Tight Ends=
{{NFLplayer|81|Mo Alie-Cox}}
{{NFLplayer|80|Trey Burton}}
{{NFLplayer|47|Dominique Dafney|rookie=y}}
{{NFLplayer|84|Jack Doyle|d=American football}}
{{NFLplayer|41|Farrod Green|rookie=y}}
{{NFLplayer|43|Xavier Grimble}}
{{NFLplayer|42|Andrew Vollert}}

|Offensive Linemen=
{{NFLplayer|74|Anthony Castonzo|T}}
{{NFLplayer|62|Le'Raven Clark|T}}
{{NFLplayer|60|Jake Eldrenkamp|G}}
{{NFLplayer|64|Mark Glowinski|G}}
{{NFLplayer|69|Chaz Green|G}}
{{NFLplayer|75|Brandon Hitner|T}}
{{NFLplayer|68|Joey Hunt|C}}
{{NFLplayer|78|Ryan Kelly|d=American football|C}}
{{NFLplayer|56|Quenton Nelson|G}}
{{NFLplayer|61|Carter O'Donnell|T|rookie=y}}
{{NFLplayer|65|Javon Patterson|C}}
{{NFLplayer|63|Danny Pinter|G|rookie=y}}
{{NFLplayer|72|Braden Smith|T}}

|Defensive Linemen=
{{NFLplayer|96|Denico Autry|DT}}
{{NFLplayer|52|Ben Banogu|DE}}
{{NFLplayer|99|DeForest Buckner|DT}}
{{NFLplayer|92|Kameron Cline|DT|rookie=y}}
{{NFLplayer|91|Sheldon Day|DT}}
{{NFLplayer|95|Gerri Green|DE}}
{{NFLplayer|50|Justin Houston|DE}}
{{NFLplayer|94|Tyquan Lewis|DT}}
{{NFLplayer|97|Al-Quadin Muhammad|DE}}
{{NFLplayer|67|Taylor Stallworth|DT}}
{{NFLplayer|90|Grover Stewart|DT}}
{{NFLplayer|66|Chris Williams|DT|d=defensive lineman|rookie=y}}
{{NFLplayer|93|Robert Windsor|d=American football|DT|rookie=y}}

|Linebackers=
{{NFLplayer|49|Matthew Adams|d=American football|OLB}}
{{NFLplayer|44|Zaire Franklin|MLB}}
{{NFLplayer|59|Jordan Glasgow|OLB|rookie=y}}
{{NFLplayer|53|Darius Leonard|OLB}}
{{NFLplayer|58|Bobby Okereke|OLB}}
{{NFLplayer|45|E. J. Speed|OLB}}
{{NFLplayer|54|Anthony Walker Jr.|MLB}}

|Defensive Backs=
{{NFLplayer|32|Julian Blackmon|S|rookie=y}}
{{NFLplayer|38|T. J. Carrie|CB}}
{{NFLplayer|41|Andre Chachere|CB}}
{{NFLplayer|29|Malik Hooker|FS}}
{{NFLplayer|23|Kenny Moore|d=American football|CB}}
{{NFLplayer|30|George Odum|FS}}
{{NFLplayer|40|Lafayette Pitts|CB}}
{{NFLplayer|36|Jackson Porter|CB}}
{{NFLplayer|48|Travis Reed|d=American football|CB|rookie=y}}
{{NFLplayer|27|Xavier Rhodes|CB}}
{{NFLplayer|34|Isaiah Rodgers|CB|rookie=y}}
{{NFLplayer|47|Donald Rutledge|d=American football|S|rookie=y}}
{{NFLplayer|35|Tremon Smith|CB}}
{{NFLplayer|37|Khari Willis|SS}}
{{NFLplayer|31|Tavon Wilson|SS}}
{{NFLplayer|26|Rock Ya-Sin|CB}}

|Special Teams=
{{NFLplayer| 3|Rodrigo Blankenship|K|rookie=y}}
{{NFLplayer| 5|Chase McLaughlin|K}}
{{NFLplayer|46|Luke Rhodes|LS}}
{{NFLplayer| 8|Rigoberto Sanchez|P}}

|Reserve Lists=
{{NFLplayer|48|Ian Bunting|TE|IR}}
{{NFLplayer|76|Andrew Donnal|T|IR}}
{{NFLplayer|42|Rolan Milligan|S|Opt-out}}
{{NFLplayer|55|Skai Moore|MLB|Opt-out}}
{{NFLplayer|39|Marvell Tell|CB|Opt-out}}
{{NFLplayer|57|Kemoko Turay|DE|Active/PUP}}
{{NFLplayer|11|Chad Williams|d=wide receiver|WR|IR}}

|Practice Squad=

}}<noinclude>

==See also==
*{{tl|Indianapolis Colts roster navbox}}
[[Category:National Football League roster templates]]
[[Category:Indianapolis Colts templates]]
</noinclude>

New York City

2020-07-29T06:57:53Z

Willy3198:

{{Redirect2|NYC|New York, New York|4=New York City (disambiguation)|5=and|6=NYC (disambiguation)|7=and|8=New York, New York (disambiguation)}}
{{pp|small=yes}}
{{Short description|Largest city in the United States}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2020}}

{{Infobox settlement
| name = New York
| subdivision_type = Country
| settlement_type = [[City (New York)|City]]
| named_for = [[James II of England|James, Duke of York]]
| image_skyline = {{multiple image
| border = infobox
| total_width = 290
| image_style = border:1;
| perrow = 1/3/2/2
| image1 = Lower Manhattan skyline - June 2017.jpg
| image2 = Lower Central Park Shot 5 (cropped).JPG
| image3 = Unisphere Flushing Meadows Queens.jpg
| image4 = Brooklyn Bridge, west tower (7433306334).jpg
| image6 = Lady Liberty under a blue sky (cropped) (cropped).jpg
| image5 = Times_square_night.jpg
| image7 = Manhattan Bridge 2 (6214831091).jpg
| image8 = Midtown Manhattan 2019.jpg
}}
| image_caption = From top, left to right: [[Lower Manhattan]], [[Central Park]], the [[Unisphere]], the [[Brooklyn Bridge]], [[Times Square]], the [[Statue of Liberty]], the [[Manhattan Bridge]], and [[Midtown Manhattan]]
| image_flag = Flag of New York City.svg
| image_seal = Seal_of_New_York_City_BW.svg
| image_blank_emblem = NYC Logo Wolff Olins.svg
| blank_emblem_type = [[Wordmark]]
| nickname = ''See [[Nicknames of New York City]]''

| image_map = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=290|frame-height=270|frame-align=center|stroke-width=3|zoom=9|frame-lat=40.7|frame-long=-73.944|type=shape-inverse|stroke-color=#808080|id=Q60|title=New York City}}
| subdivision_name = {{nowrap|{{flag|United States}}}}
| map_caption = Interactive map outlining New York City
| pushpin_map = New York#USA#North America
| pushpin_relief = 1
| pushpin_mapsize = 290px
| pushpin_map_caption = Location within the state of New York##Location within the United States##Location within North America
| pushpin_label = New York
| pushpin_label_position = left
| coordinates = {{coord|40.712740|N|74.005974|W|region:US-NY|format=dms|display=it}}
| coor_pinpoint = 
| coordinates_footnotes = <ref name="GR1">{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/time-series/geo/gazetteer-files.html |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |accessdate=April 23, 2011 |date=February 12, 2011 |title=US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990}}</ref>
| area_total_sq_mi = 468.19
| official_name = 
| subdivision_type2 = State
| subdivision_name2 = {{flag|New York}}
----
| subdivision_type3 = [[List of regions of the United States|Region]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Mid-Atlantic (United States)|Mid-Atlantic]]
| subdivision_type4 = [[County (United States)|Constituent counties]] ([[Boroughs of New York City|boroughs]])
| subdivision_name4 = [[The Bronx|Bronx (The Bronx)]] [[Brooklyn|Kings (Brooklyn)]] [[Manhattan|New York (Manhattan)]] [[Queens|Queens (Queens)]] [[Staten Island|Richmond (Staten Island)]]
----
| subdivision_type5 = [[Colony|Historic colonies]]
| subdivision_name5 = [[New Netherland]] [[Province of New York]]
| established_title = Settled
| established_date = 1624
| established_title1 = [[City of Greater New York|Consolidated]]
| established_date1 = 1898
| established_title2 =
| government_footnotes =
| government_type = [[Mayor–council government|Mayor–Council]]
| governing_body = [[New York City Council]]
| leader_title = [[Mayor of New York City|Mayor]]
| leader_name = [[Bill de Blasio]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|D]])
| total_type = Total
| unit_pref = Imperial
| area_footnotes = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2019">{{cite web|title=2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2019_Gazetteer/2019_gaz_place_36.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=July 27, 2020}}</ref>
| mapsize =
| area_land_sq_mi = 300.37
| pop_est_footnotes = <ref name="USCensusEst2019">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/tables.2019.html|title=Population and Housing Unit Estimates|accessdate=May 21, 2020}}</ref>
| utc_offset1 = −05:00
| elevation_footnotes = <ref name="GR3">{{cite web |url=http://geonames.usgs.gov |accessdate=January 31, 2008 |title=US Board on Geographic Names |publisher=[[United States Geological Survey]] |date=June 23, 2018}} Search for feature ID 975772.</ref>
| elevation_m = 10
| elevation_ft = 33
| population_rank = [[List of United States cities by population|1st in the U.S.]]
| population_density_sq_mi = 27755.25
| population_as_of = [[2010 United States Census|2010]]
| population_total = 8175133
| population_footnotes = <ref name=Census2010>[https://www.census.gov Community Facts for New York City], [[United States Census Bureau]]. Retrieved May 26, 2017.</ref>
| population_est = 8336817
| pop_est_as_of = 2019
| timezone1_DST = [[Eastern Time Zone|EDT]]
| population_blank1_title = [[Metropolitan statistical area|MSA (2018)]]
| population_blank1 = 19,979,477<ref name="MetroEst">{{cite web|url=https://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/PEP/2017/GCTPEPANNR.US24PR|title=Annual Estimates of the Resident Population: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2017—Metropolitan Statistical Area; and for Puerto Rico—2017 Population Estimates|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|accessdate=March 24, 2018|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200213005215/https://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/PEP/2017/GCTPEPANNR.US24PR|archive-date=February 13, 2020|url-status=dead}}</ref> ([[List of metropolitan statistical areas|1st]])
| population_blank2_title = [[New York metropolitan area|CSA (2018)]]
| population_blank2 = 22,679,948<ref name=CombinedEst>{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov |title=Annual Estimates of the Resident Population: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2018—Combined Statistical Area; and for Puerto Rico—2017 Population Estimates |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |accessdate=April 27, 2018 }}</ref> ([[List of Combined Statistical Areas|1st]])
| population_demonym = New Yorker
| blank6_name = [[GDP]] (City, 2018)
| blank6_info = $842.3 billion<ref name="bea.gov">[https://www.bea.gov/system/files/2019-12/lagdp1219.pdf ''Local Area Gross Domestic Product, 2018''], [[Bureau of Economic Analysis]], released December 17, 2019. Accessed December 12, 2019.</ref> (1st)
| blank7_name = [[Gross metropolitan product|GMP]] (Metro, 2020)
| blank7_info = $2.0 trillion<ref name="NYCMetroGMP">{{cite web|url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/183808/gmp-of-the-20-biggest-metro-areas/|title=U.S. metro areas—ranked by Gross Metropolitan Product (GMP) 2020 {{!}} Statistic|website=Statista|accessdate=May 31, 2019}}</ref> (1st)
| timezone1 = [[Eastern Time Zone|EST]]
| area_water_sq_mi = 167.82
| area_metro_sq_mi = 13318
| utc_offset1_DST = −04:00
| postal_code_type = [[ZIP Code]]s
| postal_code = 100xx–104xx, 11004–05, 111xx–114xx, 116xx
| area_code = [[Area codes 212, 646, and 332|212/646/332]], [[Area codes 718, 347, and 929|718/347/929]], [[Area code 917|917]]
| blank_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standards|FIPS code]]
| blank_info = 36-51000
| blank1_name = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
| blank1_info = 975772
| blank2_name = Major airports
| blank2_info = [[John F. Kennedy International Airport]], [[Newark Liberty International Airport]], [[LaGuardia Airport]]
| blank4_name = [[Commuter rail]]
| blank4_info = [[LIRR]], [[Metro-North]], [[NJ Transit Rail Operations|NJ Transit]]
| blank5_name = [[Rapid transit]]
| blank5_info = [[New York City Subway|Subway]], [[Staten Island Railway]], [[PATH (rail system)|PATH]]
| blank_name_sec2 = Largest [[Boroughs of New York City|borough]] by area
| blank_info_sec2 = [[Queens]] {{convert|109|sqmi|km2}}
| blank1_name_sec2 = Largest borough by population
| blank1_info_sec2 = [[Brooklyn]] (2019 est 2,559,903)<ref name=BrooklynQuickFacts>{{cite web |title=State & County QuickFacts—Kings County (Brooklyn Borough), New York |url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/36/36047.html |publisher=United States Census Bureau |accessdate=May 16, 2020 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160217175357/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/36/36047.html |archivedate=February 17, 2016}}</ref>
| blank2_name_sec2 = Largest borough by [[GDP]] (2018)
| blank2_info_sec2 = [[Manhattan]] $600.2 billion<ref name="bea.gov"/>
| website = [https://www.nyc.gov/ NYC.gov]
| population_density_km2 = 10716.36
|area_total_km2 = 1212.60
|area_land_km2 = 777.95
|area_water_km2 = 434.65
}}
{{Regions of New York}}'''New York City''', often called simply '''New York''' and abbreviated as '''NYC''', is the [[List of United States cities by population|most populous city]] in the [[United States]]. With an estimated 2019 population of 8,336,817 distributed over about {{convert|302.6|sqmi|km2}}, New York City is also the [[List of United States cities by population density|most densely populated]] major city in the United States.<ref name="2019estimate">{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/newyorkcitynewyork/PST045219 |title=U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: New York City |work=[[United States Census]] |access-date=May 16, 2020}}</ref> Located at the southern tip of the [[U.S. state]] of [[New York (state)|New York]], the city is the center of the [[New York metropolitan area]], the largest [[metropolitan area]] in the world by [[Urban area|urban landmass]].<ref>{{cite web|year=2018|title=World Urban Areas|url=http://demographia.com/db-worldua.pdf|accessdate=March 27, 2018|publisher=Demographia}}.</ref> With almost 20 million people in its [[List of metropolitan statistical areas|metropolitan statistical area]] and approximately 23 million in its [[List of Combined Statistical Areas|combined statistical area]], it is one of the world's most populous [[Megacity|megacities]]. New York City has been described as the [[Culture of New York City|cultural]], financial, and media capital of the [[Western world]], significantly influencing commerce,<ref name="WorldEconomicAndFinancialSuperCenter">{{cite web|date=July 31, 2011|title=Top 8 Cities by GDP: China vs. The U.S.|url=http://www.businessinsider.com/top-8-cities-by-gdp-china-vs-the-us-2011-8|accessdate=July 1, 2018|publisher=Business Insider, Inc|quote=For instance, Shanghai, the largest Chinese city with the highest economic production, and a fast-growing global financial hub, is far from matching or surpassing New York, the largest city in the U.S. and the economic and financial super center of the world.}}{{cite web|date=October 8, 2015|title=New York City: The Financial Capital of the World|url=https://www.thejobnetwork.com/new-york-city-the-financial-capital-of-the-world/|accessdate=July 1, 2018|publisher=Pando Logic}}</ref> entertainment, research, technology, education, politics, tourism, art, fashion, and sports. Home to the [[headquarters of the United Nations]],<ref>{{cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=United Nations Visitation Services|url=http://visit.un.org/content/plan-your-visit|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170314234417/http://visit.un.org/content/plan-your-visit|archive-date=March 14, 2017|access-date=February 9, 2017|website=United Nations Visitor Centre|quote=The Headquarters of the United Nations is located in New York City, along the East River. When you pass through the gates of the United Nations visitors' entrance, you enter an international territory. This 18-acre site does not belong to just one country, but to all countries that have joined the Organization; currently, the United Nations has 193 Member States.}}</ref> New York is an important center for [[Diplomacy|international diplomacy]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=NYC Mayor's Office for International Affairs|url=http://www.nyc.gov/html/ia/html/home/home.shtml|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150616080757/http://www.nyc.gov/html/ia/html/home/home.shtml|archive-date=June 16, 2015|access-date=June 24, 2015|publisher=The City of New York}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Digital Diplomacy Coalition|url=http://www.digidiplomats.org/newyork/|accessdate=August 11, 2018|publisher=Digital Diplomacy Coalition, New York|quote=Established in 2014, DDC New York has partnered with the United Nations, major tech and social media companies, multiple governments, and NGOs to bring unique programs to the area community.}}</ref>

Situated on [[New York Harbor|one of the world's largest natural harbors]], New York City is composed of five [[Boroughs of New York City|boroughs]], each of which is a [[List of counties in New York|county of the State of New York]]. The five boroughs—[[Brooklyn]], [[Queens]], [[Manhattan]], [[the Bronx]], and [[Staten Island]]—were consolidated into a single city in 1898.<ref>{{cite web|year=1997|title=A 5-Borough Centennial Preface for Katharine Bement Davis Mini-History|url=http://www.correctionhistory.org/html/chronicl/nycdoc/html/kbd_brnx.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111023193440/http://www.correctionhistory.org/html/chronicl/nycdoc/html/kbd_brnx.html|archivedate=October 23, 2011|accessdate=October 26, 2011|publisher=The New York City Department of Correction}}</ref> The city and its metropolitan area constitute the premier gateway for legal [[immigration to the United States]]. As many as 800 languages are spoken in New York,<ref name="QueensMostLinguisticallyDiverse">{{cite web|author=Gus Lubin|date=February 15, 2017|title=Queens has more languages than anywhere in the world—here's where they're found|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/queens-languages-map-2017-2|accessdate=December 29, 2019|publisher=Business Insider}}</ref> making it the most [[Linguistics|linguistically]] diverse city in the world. New York is home to more than 3.2 million residents born outside the United States,<ref name="NYCForeignBorn">{{cite web|title=Place of Birth by Year of Entry by Citizenship Status for the Foreign-Born Population—Universe: Foreign-born population 2015 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates New York City|url=https://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/15_1YR/B05007/1600000US3651000|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200213122423/https://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/15_1YR/B05007/1600000US3651000|archive-date=February 13, 2020|accessdate=April 16, 2017|publisher=United States Census Bureau}}</ref> the largest foreign-born population of any city in the world as of 2016.<ref name="NYCHighestForeignBorn">{{Cite news|date=December 19, 2013|title=More Foreign-Born Immigrants Live in NYC Than There Are People in Chicago|work=HuffPost|url=https://huffingtonpost.com/2013/12/19/new-york-city-immigrants_n_4475197.html|accessdate=April 16, 2017}}</ref><ref name="ons.gov.uk">{{cite web|title=Population of the United Kingdom by Country of Birth and Nationality|url=https://www.ons.gov.uk/file?uri=/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/internationalmigration/datasets/populationoftheunitedkingdombycountryofbirthandnationality/januarytodecember2018/populationbycountryofbirthandnationalityjan18todec18.xls}}</ref> {{As of|2019}}, the New York metropolitan area is estimated to produce a [[List of U.S. metropolitan areas by GDP|gross metropolitan product]] ([[Gross metropolitan product|GMP]]) of $2.0 trillion. If the New York metropolitan area were a [[sovereign state]], it would have the [[List of countries by GDP (nominal)|eighth-largest economy]] in the world. New York is home to the highest number of billionaires of any city in the world.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Borden|first=Hillary Hoffower, Taylor|title=The top 10 cities in the world for billionaires, ranked|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/where-do-billionaires-live-top-cities-worldwide-ranked-2019-5|access-date=July 10, 2020|website=Business Insider}}</ref>

New York City traces its origins to a trading post founded by colonists from the [[Dutch Republic]] in 1624 on [[Lower Manhattan]]; the post was named [[New Amsterdam]] in 1626.<ref name="u-s-history.com">{{cite web|title=United States History—History of New York City|url=http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h2122.html|accessdate=September 9, 2012}}</ref> The city and its surroundings came under English control in 1664 and were renamed ''New York'' after King [[Charles II of England]] granted the lands to his brother, the [[James II of England|Duke of York]].<ref name="u-s-history.com" /><ref>{{cite web|title=Kingston: Discover 300 Years of New York History Dutch Colonies|url=http://www.nps.gov/nr/travel/kingston/colonization.htm|accessdate=May 10, 2011|publisher=National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior}}</ref> New York was the [[List of capitals in the United States#Capitals of the US|capital of the United States]] from 1785 until 1790,<ref name="senate">{{cite web|title=The Nine Capitals of the United States|url=https://www.senate.gov/reference/reference_item/Nine_Capitals_of_the_United_States.htm|accessdate=September 7, 2008|publisher=[[United States Senate]]}}</ref> and has been the largest U.S. city since 1790.<ref>{{cite web|date=June 15, 1998|title=Rank by Population of the 100 Largest Urban Places, Listed Alphabetically by State: 1790–1990|url=https://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0027/tab01.txt|accessdate=February 8, 2009|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau}}</ref> The [[Statue of Liberty]] greeted millions of immigrants as they came to the U.S. by ship in the late 19th and early 20th centuries,<ref>{{cite web|title=Statue of Liberty|url=http://www.history.com/topics/statue-of-liberty|accessdate=May 21, 2011|publisher=A&E Television Networks, LLC}}</ref> and is a symbol of the U.S. and its ideals of liberty and peace.<ref>{{cite web|title=Statue of Liberty|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/307|accessdate=October 23, 2011|work=World Heritage|publisher=UNESCO World Heritage Centre 1992–2011}}</ref> In the 21st century, New York has emerged as a global node of creativity, entrepreneurship,<ref name="VentureCapitalNY1">{{cite web|title=Venture Investment—Regional Aggregate Data|url=http://nvca.org/research/venture-investment/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160408104240/http://nvca.org/research/venture-investment/|archive-date=April 8, 2016|accessdate=April 22, 2016|publisher=National Venture Capital Association and PricewaterhouseCoopers}}</ref> and environmental sustainability,<ref name="EnvironmentalSustainabilityNY1">{{cite news|date=April 22, 2016|title=The Latest: China Hopes US Joins Climate Deal Quickly|newspaper=The New York Times|agency=Associated Press|url=https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2016/04/22/world/ap-un-united-nations-climate-agreement-the-latest.html|accessdate=April 22, 2016}}</ref><ref name="EnvironmentalSustainabilityNY2">{{cite news|author=Lisa Foderaro|date=September 21, 2014|title=Taking a Call for Climate Change to the Streets|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/22/nyregion/new-york-city-climate-change-march.html|accessdate=April 22, 2016}}</ref> and as a symbol of freedom and cultural diversity.<ref>{{cite news|author=Kristine Phillips|date=July 8, 2017|title=New York mayor on Germany trip: The world should know that Americans don't align with Trump|newspaper=The Washington Post|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-nation/wp/2017/07/07/new-york-city-mayor-de-blasio-slammed-for-trump-protesting-germany-trip-as-city-mourns-officers-death/|accessdate=July 9, 2017}}</ref> In 2019, New York was voted the greatest city in the world per a survey of over 30,000 people from 48 cities worldwide, citing its cultural diversity.<ref name="NYCWorld'sGreatestCity">{{cite web|author=Will Gleason|date=March 11, 2019|title=Citing its diversity and culture, NYC was voted best city in the world in new global survey|url=https://www.timeout.com/newyork/news/new-york-voted-best-city-in-the-world-in-massive-worldwide-survey-031119|accessdate=May 19, 2019|work=Time Out|quote=After compiling the thoughts of over 30,000 people, both from our NYC readership and half-a-world away, New York was voted the greatest city on the planet for 2019. In a hint as to why this happened, and why now, it also lead {{sic}} the categories of most diverse metropolis and best culture.}}</ref>

Many [[Lists of New York City landmarks|districts and landmarks]] in New York City are well known, including three of the world's ten most visited tourist attractions in 2013.<ref name="Ann Shields">{{cite web|last=Shields|first=Ann|date=November 10, 2014|title=The World's 50 Most Visited Tourist Attractions—No. 3: Times Square, New York City—Annual Visitors: 50,000,000|url=http://www.travelandleisure.com/slideshows/worlds-most-visited-tourist-attractions/2|accessdate=July 12, 2015|publisher=Travel+Leisure|quote=No.{{nbsp}}3 Times Square,{{nbsp}}... No.{{nbsp}}4 (tie) Central Park,{{nbsp}}... No.{{nbsp}}10 Grand Central Terminal, New York City}}</ref> A record 62.8 million tourists visited New York City in 2017. [[Times Square]] is the brightly illuminated hub of the [[Theater District, Manhattan|Broadway Theater District]],<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/596253/Times-Square|title=Times Square|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|accessdate=May 10, 2011}}</ref> one of the world's busiest pedestrian intersections,<ref>{{cite web|title=World's Most-Visited Tourist Attractions No. 3: Times Square, New York City|url=http://www.travelandleisure.com/articles/worlds-most-visited-tourist-attractions/4|accessdate=October 15, 2017|publisher=Travel and Leisure}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|year=2010|title=The Most Jivin' Streetscapes in the World|url=http://www.diserio.com/streetscapes.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140921173328/http://www.diserio.com/streetscapes.html|archivedate=September 21, 2014|accessdate=May 10, 2011|publisher=Luigi Di Serio}}</ref> and a major center of the world's [[entertainment industry]].<ref>{{cite web|title=New York Architecture Images—Midtown Times Square|url=http://www.nyc-architecture.com/MID/MID-TimesSquare3.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170125164419/http://www.nyc-architecture.com/MID/MID-TimesSquare3.htm|archivedate=January 25, 2017|accessdate=May 10, 2011|publisher=2011 nyc-architecture}}</ref> Many of the city's landmarks, [[List of tallest buildings in New York City|skyscrapers]],<ref>{{cite web|title=New York City, United States|url=http://skyscrapercenter.com/city/new-york-city|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170217054531/https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/city/new-york-city|archive-date=February 17, 2017|access-date=February 9, 2017|website=The Skyscraper Center|publisher=[[Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat]]}}</ref> and [[List of New York City parks|parks]] are known around the world. Manhattan's real estate market is among the most expensive in the world.<ref>{{cite web|title=Manhattan, New York—Some of the Most Expensive Real Estate in the World Overlooks Central Park|url=http://www.thepinnaclelist.com/blog/directory/manhattan-new-york-some-of-the-most-expensive-real-estate-in-the-world-overlooks-central-park/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129055025/http://www.thepinnaclelist.com/blog/directory/manhattan-new-york-some-of-the-most-expensive-real-estate-in-the-world-overlooks-central-park/|archive-date=November 29, 2014|accessdate=November 24, 2014|publisher=The Pinnacle List}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|last=Brennan|first=Morgan|date=March 22, 2013|title=The World's Most Expensive Billionaire Cities|url=https://www.forbes.com/pictures/mhj45eddhg/6-new-york-city-u-s-a/|magazine=Forbes|accessdate=July 6, 2013}}</ref> New York is home to the largest [[Overseas Chinese|ethnic Chinese]] population outside of Asia,<ref name="NYCLargestChinesePopulation">{{cite news|author=Vivian Yee|date=February 22, 2015|title=Indictment of New York Officer Divides Chinese-Americans|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/23/nyregion/in-new-york-indictment-of-officer-peterliang-divides-chinese-americans.html|accessdate=May 5, 2018}}</ref><ref name="queensbuzz">{{cite web|date=January 25, 2012|title=Chinese New Year 2012 in Flushing|url=http://www.queensbuzz.com/flushing-neighborhood-corona-neighborhood-cms-302|accessdate=May 5, 2018|publisher=QueensBuzz.com}}</ref> with multiple distinct [[Chinese in New York City|Chinatowns]] across the city. Providing continuous 24/7 service and contributing to the [[Nicknames of New York City|nickname]] ''The City that Never Sleeps'', the [[New York City Subway]] is the largest single-operator [[rapid transit]] system worldwide, with {{NYCS const|number|total}} rail stations. The city has [[List of colleges and universities in New York City|over 120 colleges and universities]], including [[Columbia University]], [[New York University]], [[Rockefeller University]], and the [[City University of New York]] system, which is the largest urban public university system in the United States.<ref>{{cite web|title=City University of New York | Agency Appropriations | FY 2020 Executive Budget|url=https://www.budget.ny.gov/pubs/archive/fy20/exec/agencies/appropData/CityUniversityofNewYork.html|accessdate=April 15, 2020|publisher=[[New York State]]}}</ref> Anchored by [[Wall Street]] in the [[Financial District, Manhattan|Financial District]] of Lower Manhattan, New York City has been called both the world’s leading [[Financial centre|financial center]] and the most financially powerful city in the world, and is home to the world's two [[List of stock exchanges|largest stock exchanges]] by total [[market capitalization]], the [[New York Stock Exchange]] and [[Nasdaq|NASDAQ]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Bird|first=Mike|title=The 25 cities with the most economic power on earth|url=https://www.insider.com/25-most-economically-powerful-cities-2015-9|access-date=May 15, 2020|website=Insider}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Florida|first=Richard|date=May 8, 2012|title=What Is the World's Most Economically Powerful City?|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2012/05/what-is-the-worlds-most-economically-powerful-city/256841/|access-date=May 15, 2020|website=The Atlantic|language=en-US}}</ref>
{{TOC limit|3}}

== Etymology ==
In 1664, the city was named in honor of the [[Duke of York]], who would become King [[James II of England]]. James's older brother, King [[Charles II of England|Charles II]], appointed the Duke [[Proprietary colony|proprietor]] of the former territory of [[New Netherland]], including the city of [[New Amsterdam]], when England seized it from the Dutch.<ref name="Archdeacon2013a">{{cite book|author=Thomas J. Archdeacon|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9bTxAAAAQBAJ&pg=PT19|title=New York City, 1664–1710: Conquest and Change|publisher=Cornell University Press|year=2013|isbn=978-0-8014-6891-9|page=19|authorlink1=Thomas J. Archdeacon}}</ref>

== History ==
{{Main|History of New York City|Timeline of New York City}}

=== Early history ===
In the [[Pre-Columbian era|precolonial era]], the area of present-day New York City was inhabited by [[Algonquian peoples|Algonquian]] Native Americans, including the [[Lenape]]. Their homeland, known as [[Lenapehoking]], included Staten Island, Manhattan, the Bronx, the western portion of [[Long Island]] (including the areas that would later become the boroughs of Brooklyn and Queens), and the [[Lower Hudson Valley]].<ref>Evan T. Pritchard (2002). ''Native New Yorkers: the legacy of the Algonquin people of New York'', p. 27; {{ISBN|1-57178-107-2}}</ref>

The first documented visit into [[New York Harbor]] by a European was in 1524 by [[Giovanni da Verrazzano]], a [[Florence|Florentine]] explorer in the service of the [[Kingdom of France|French crown]].<ref name="Debo2013">{{cite book|author=Angie Debo|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pLjYpwiuN_wC&pg=PT28|title=A History of the Indians of the United States|publisher=University of Oklahoma Press|year=2013|isbn=978-0-8061-8965-9|page=28}}</ref> He claimed the area for France and named it ''Nouvelle Angoulême'' ([[New Angoulême]]).<ref name="rodgers">{{cite book|last=Rankin|first=Rebecca B.|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.226262|title=New York: The World's Capital City, Its Development and Contributions to Progress|last2=Rodgers|first2=Cleveland|publisher=Harper|year=1948}}</ref> A [[Spanish Empire|Spanish]] expedition, led by the [[Portuguese people|Portuguese]] captain [[Estêvão Gomes]] sailing for [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|Emperor Charles V]], arrived in [[New York Harbor]] in January 1525 and charted the mouth of the Hudson River, which he named ''Río de San Antonio'' (Saint Anthony's River). The [[Padrón Real]] of 1527, the first scientific map to show the East Coast of North America continuously, was informed by Gomes' expedition and labeled the [[northeastern United States]] as ''Tierra de Esteban Gómez'' in his honor.<ref>WPA Writer's Project: ''A Maritime History of New York'', p. 246; Going Coastal Productions (2004) {{ISBN|0-9729803-1-8}}</ref>

In 1609, the English explorer [[Henry Hudson]] rediscovered New York Harbor while searching for the [[Northwest Passage]] to the [[Orient]] for the [[Dutch East India Company]].<ref name="Lankevich2002">{{cite book|author=George J. Lankevich|url=https://archive.org/details/newyorkcity00geor|title=New York City: A Short History|publisher=NYU Press|year=2002|isbn=978-0-8147-5186-2|page=[https://archive.org/details/newyorkcity00geor/page/2 2]|url-access=registration}}</ref> He proceeded to sail up what the Dutch would name the [[North River (Hudson River)|North River]] (now the [[Hudson River]]), named first by Hudson as the ''Mauritius'' after [[Maurice, Prince of Orange]]. Hudson's first mate described the harbor as "a very good Harbour for all windes" and the river as "a mile broad" and "full of fish".<ref name="hudsonnni">{{cite web|title=The Hudson River|url=http://www.newnetherlandinstitute.org/history-and-heritage/digital-exhibitions/a-tour-of-new-netherland/hudson-river/|accessdate=July 10, 2016|publisher=[[New Netherland Institute]]}}</ref> Hudson sailed roughly {{convert|150|miles}} north,<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-Hudson|title=Henry Hudson|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|accessdate=July 10, 2016}}</ref> past the site of the present-day New York State [[List of U.S. state capitals|capital city]] of [[Albany, New York|Albany]], in the belief that it might be an oceanic [[tributary]] before the river became too shallow to continue.<ref name="hudsonnni" /> He made a ten-day exploration of the area and claimed the region for the Dutch East India Company. In 1614, the area between [[Cape Cod]] and [[Delaware Bay]] was claimed by the [[Netherlands]] and called ''Nieuw-Nederland'' ([[New Netherland]]).

The first non-Native American inhabitant of what would eventually become New York City was [[Juan (Jan) Rodriguez|Juan Rodriguez]] ([[Transliteration|transliterated]] to Dutch as ''Jan Rodrigues''), a merchant from [[Captaincy General of Santo Domingo|Santo Domingo]]. Born in [[Santo Domingo]] of [[Portuguese people|Portuguese]] and [[Ethnic groups of Africa|African]] descent, he arrived in Manhattan during the winter of 1613–14, trapping for pelts and trading with the local population as a representative of the Dutch. [[Broadway (Manhattan)|Broadway]], from 159th Street to 218th Street in [[Upper Manhattan]], is named Juan Rodriguez Way in his honor.<ref>{{cite news|last=Roberts|first=Sam|date=October 2, 2012|title=Honoring a Very Early New Yorker|newspaper=The New York Times|url=http://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/10/02/honoring-a-very-early-new-yorker/}}</ref><ref>{{citeweb|date=May 14, 2013|title=CUNY DSI Publishes Monograph on New York's First Immigrant|url=https://www.ccny.cuny.edu/news/juan-rodriguez-monograph|accessdate=May 16, 2020|publisher=[[The City College of New York]]}}</ref>

=== Dutch rule ===
A permanent European presence in New Netherland began in 1624—making New York the 12th [[List of North American cities by year of foundation|oldest continuously occupied]] European-established settlement in the [[continental United States]]<ref>{{cite web|last=Briney|first=Amanda|title=15 Oldest Cities in the United States|url=http://geography.about.com/od/unitedstatesofamerica/a/oldest-cities-united-states.htm|accessdate=January 3, 2015|publisher=About.com}}</ref>—with the founding of a Dutch [[Fur trade|fur trading]] settlement on [[Governors Island]]. In 1625, construction was started on a [[citadel]] and [[Fort Amsterdam (New Amsterdam)|Fort Amsterdam]], later called ''Nieuw Amsterdam'' (New Amsterdam), on present-day Manhattan Island.<ref>[http://www.nps.gov/history/nr/travel/kingston/colonization.htm Dutch Colonies], [[National Park Service]]. Retrieved May 19, 2007. "Sponsored by the West India Company, 30 families arrived in North America in 1624, establishing a settlement on present-day Manhattan."</ref><ref name="Tolerance">[http://www.tolerancepark.org/id2.html GovIsland Park-to-Tolerance: through Broad Awareness and Conscious Vigilance], Tolerance Park. Retrieved February 9, 2017. See Legislative Resolutions Senate No. 5476 and Assembly No. 2708.</ref> The colony of New Amsterdam was centered on what would later be known as Lower Manhattan. It extended from the lower tip of Manhattan to modern day [[Wall Street]], where a 12-foot wooden [[stockade]] was built in 1653 to protect against Native American and British raids.<ref>[http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/crash-selected-wall-street-chronology/] "Timeline: A selected Wall Street chronology"</ref> In 1626, the Dutch colonial Director-General [[Peter Minuit]], acting as charged by the [[Dutch West India Company]], purchased the island of Manhattan from the ''Canarsie'', a small Lenape band,<ref>Frederick M. Binder, David M. Reimers: ''All the Nations Under Heaven: An Ethnic and Racial History of New York City'', p. 4; (1996) {{ISBN|0-231-07879-X}}</ref> for "the value of 60 [[Dutch guilder|guilders]]"<ref>[http://www.s4ulanguages.com/laet2.html ''Pieter Schaghen Letter'' 1626]: "... hebben t'eylant Manhattes van de wilde gekocht, voor de waerde van 60 gulden: is groot 11000 morgen. ..." ("... They have purchased the Island Manhattes from the Indians for the value of 60 guilders. It is 11,000 morgens in size ...)</ref> (about $900 in 2018).<ref>{{cite web|title=Value of the Guilder / Euro|url=http://www.iisg.nl/hpw/calculate.php|accessdate=July 25, 2019|publisher=International Institute of Social History}}</ref> A disproved legend claims that Manhattan was purchased for $24 worth of glass beads.<ref>{{cite web|title=Letter describing purchase by Pieter Schaghen from Dutch National Archive, The Hague, with transcription|url=http://www.nnp.org/nnp/documents/schagen_main.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101023083225/http://www.nnp.org/nnp/documents/schagen_main.html|archivedate=October 23, 2010|accessdate=October 28, 2010|publisher=Nnp.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|author1=Miller, Christopher L|author2=Hamell, George R|date=September 1986|title=A New Perspective on Indian-White Contact: Cultural Symbols and Colonial Trade|journal=The Journal of American History|volume=73|issue=2|pages=311–328|doi=10.2307/1908224|jstor=1908224}}</ref>

Following the purchase, New Amsterdam grew slowly.<ref name="npsnetherland">{{cite web|title=Dutch Colonies|url=https://www.nps.gov/nr/travel/kingston/colonization.htm|accessdate=July 10, 2016|publisher=[[National Park Service]]}}</ref> To attract settlers, the Dutch instituted the [[Patroon|patroon system]] in 1628, whereby wealthy Dutchmen (''patroons'', or patrons) who brought 50 colonists to New Netherland would be awarded swaths of land, along with local political autonomy and rights to participate in the lucrative fur trade. This program had little success.<ref name="locnetherland">{{cite web|title=The Patroon System|url=http://frontiers.loc.gov/intldl/awkbhtml/kb-1/kb-1-2-2.html|accessdate=July 10, 2016|publisher=[[Library of Congress]]}}</ref>

Since 1621, the Dutch West India Company had operated as a [[monopoly]] in New Netherland, on authority granted by the [[States General of the Netherlands|Dutch States General]]. In 1639–1640, in an effort to bolster economic growth, the Dutch West India Company relinquished its monopoly over the fur trade, leading to growth in the production and trade of food, timber, tobacco, and slaves (particularly with the [[Netherlands Antilles|Dutch West Indies]]).<ref name="npsnetherland" /><ref name="nahcnetherland">{{cite web|title=The Story of New Amsterdam|url=http://www.newamsterdamhistorycenter.org/bios/origins.html|accessdate=July 10, 2016|publisher=New Amsterdam History Center}}</ref>

In 1647, [[Peter Stuyvesant]] began his tenure as the last [[Director-General of New Amsterdam|Director-General]] of New Netherland. During his tenure, the population of New Netherland grew from 2,000 to 8,000.<ref>{{cite book|last=Jacobs|first=Jaap|title=The Colony of New Netherland: A Dutch Settlement in Seventeenth-Century America|publisher=Cornell University Press|year=2009|page=32}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Eisenstadt|first1=Peter|url=https://books.google.com/?id=tmHEm5ohoCUC&pg=PA1051&lpg=PA1051&dq=New+Amsterdam+grew+from+under+2,000+to+8,000#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=The Encyclopedia of New York State|last2=Moss|first2=Laura-Eve|last3=Huxley|first3=Carole F.|publisher=Syracuse University Press|year=2005|isbn=978-0-8156-0808-0|page=1051}}</ref> Stuyvesant has been credited with improving law and order in the colony; however, he also earned a reputation as a despotic leader. He instituted regulations on liquor sales, attempted to assert control over the [[Dutch Reformed Church]], and blocked other religious groups (including [[Quakers]], [[Jews]], and [[Lutheranism|Lutherans]]) from establishing houses of worship.<ref name="nyhsstuyvesant">{{cite web|title=Peter Stuyvesant|url=http://www.nyhistory.org/peter-stuyvesant|accessdate=July 11, 2016|publisher=[[New-York Historical Society]]}}</ref> The Dutch West India Company would eventually attempt to ease tensions between Stuyvesant and residents of New Amsterdam.<ref name="nnistuyvesant">{{cite web|title=Peter Stuyvesant|url=http://www.newnetherlandinstitute.org/history-and-heritage/dutch_americans/peter-stuyvesant/|accessdate=July 11, 2016|publisher=New Netherland Institute}}</ref>

=== English rule ===
In 1664, unable to summon any significant resistance, Stuyvesant surrendered New Amsterdam to English troops, led by Colonel [[Richard Nicolls]], without bloodshed.<ref name="nyhsstuyvesant" /><ref name="nnistuyvesant" /> The terms of the surrender permitted Dutch residents to remain in the colony and allowed for religious freedom.<ref name="lehrmanstuyvesant">{{cite web|title=The surrender of New Netherland, 1664|url=http://www.gilderlehrman.org/history-by-era/early-settlements/resources/surrender-new-netherland-1664|accessdate=July 11, 2016|publisher=[[Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History]]}}</ref> The English promptly renamed the fledgling city "New York" after the [[James II of England|Duke of York]] (the future King James II of England),<ref>{{cite book|last=Homberger|first=Eric|title=The Historical Atlas of New York City: A Visual Celebration of 400 Years of New York City's History|publisher=Owl Books|year=2005|isbn=978-0-8050-7842-8|page=34}}</ref> who was a leader of the [[Royal African Company|Royal Africa Company]], which shipped more African slaves to the Americas than any other institution in the history of the [[Atlantic slave trade]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Jesus College Cambridge Legacy of Slavery Working Party (25 November 2019). Jesus College Legacy of Slavery Working Party Interim Report (July-October 2019) (Report). pp. 9–10.|url=https://www.jesus.cam.ac.uk/file/9193/|access-date=June 19, 2020|website=www.jesus.cam.ac.uk}}</ref> The transfer was confirmed in 1667 by the [[Treaty of Breda (1667)|Treaty of Breda]], which concluded the [[Second Anglo-Dutch War]].<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Treaty-of-Breda|title=Treaty of Breda|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|accessdate=July 10, 2016}}</ref>

On August 24, 1673, during the [[Third Anglo-Dutch War]], Dutch captain [[Anthony Colve]] seized the colony of New York from England at the behest of [[Cornelis Evertsen the Youngest]] and rechristened it "New Orange" after [[William III of England|William III]], the [[Prince of Orange]].<ref name="Roper2017">{{cite book|author=L. H. Roper|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i8wnDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA215|title=Advancing Empire|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2017|isbn=978-1-107-11891-1|page=215}}</ref> The Dutch would soon return the island to England under the [[Treaty of Westminster (1674)|Treaty of Westminster]] of November 1674.<ref>{{cite news|last=Van Luling|first=Todd|date=April 17, 2014|title=8 Things Even New Yorkers Don't Know About New York City|work=HuffPost|url=https://huffingtonpost.com/2014/04/17/new-york-history-facts_n_5107337.html|accessdate=September 13, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Peter Douglas|title=The Man Who Took Back New Netherland|url=http://www.newnetherlandinstitute.org/files/2813/5680/0659/Man_Who_Took_Back_NN.pdf|accessdate=July 11, 2016|publisher=New Netherland Institute}}</ref>

Several intertribal wars among the Native Americans and some [[epidemic]]s brought on by contact with the Europeans caused sizeable population losses for the Lenape between the years 1660 and 1670.<ref>"[http://www.penntreatymuseum.org/americans.php Native Americans]". Penn Treaty Museum.</ref> By 1700, the Lenape population had diminished to 200.<ref>[http://www.gothamcenter.org/ "Gotham Center for New York City History"] Timeline 1700–1800</ref> New York experienced several [[yellow fever]] epidemics in the 18th century, losing ten percent of its population to the disease in 1702 alone.<ref>"[http://jdc.jefferson.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1004&context=yellow_fever_symposium The Early History of Yellow Fever]" (PDF). Pedro Nogueira, [[Thomas Jefferson University]]. 2009.</ref><ref>"[https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/fever/timeline/index.html Timeline of Yellow Fever in America]". Public Broadcasting Service (PBS).</ref>

=== British colony ===
[[File:A_view_of_Fort_George_with_the_city_of_New_York,_from_the_SW.jpg|alt=A painting of a ship firing its cannons in a harbor.|thumb|[[Fort Amsterdam|Fort George]] and the City of New York c. 1731. [[British people|British]] maritime forces are seen guarding what would become [[New York Harbor]].]]
New York grew in importance as a trading port while under [[British Empire|British rule]] in the early 1700s.<ref name="Foote2004">{{cite book|author=Thelma Wills Foote|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Cu4VfJPRsl4C&pg=PA68|title=Black and White Manhattan: The History of Racial Formation in Colonial New York City|publisher=Oxford University Press, USA|year=2004|isbn=978-0-19-508809-0|page=68}}</ref> It also became a center of [[slavery]], with 42% of households holding slaves by 1730, the highest percentage outside [[Charleston, South Carolina]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Oltman|first=Adele|date=October 24, 2005|title=The Hidden History of Slavery in New York|url=http://www.thenation.com/article/hidden-history-slavery-new-york#|journal=The Nation|accessdate=July 9, 2013}}</ref> Most slaveholders held a few or several domestic slaves, but others hired them out to work at labor. Slavery became integrally tied to New York's economy through the labor of slaves throughout the port, and the banks and shipping tied to the [[Southern United States|American South]]. Discovery of the [[African Burying Ground]] in the 1990s, during construction of a new [[Federal judiciary of the United States|federal courthouse]] near [[Foley Square]], revealed that tens of thousands of Africans had been buried in the area in the colonial years.<ref name="AsanteMazama2005">{{cite book|author1=Molefi Kete Asante|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RcBkDlJ7qjwC&pg=PA33|title=Encyclopedia of Black Studies|author2=Ama Mazama|author3=Marie-José Cérol|publisher=SAGE|year=2005|isbn=978-0-7619-2762-4|page=33}}</ref>

The 1735 trial and acquittal in Manhattan of [[John Peter Zenger]], who had been accused of [[seditious libel]] after criticizing colonial governor [[William Cosby]], helped to establish the [[freedom of the press]] in North America.<ref name="zenger">{{cite web|last=Linder|first=Doug|year=2001|title=The Trial of John Peter Zenger: An Account|url=http://law2.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/zenger/zengeraccount.html}}</ref> In 1754, [[Columbia University]] was founded under charter by [[George II of Great Britain|King George II]] as King's College in Lower Manhattan.<ref>{{cite book|last=Moore|first=Nathaniel Fish|url=https://archive.org/details/anhistoricalske00univgoog|title=An Historical Sketch of Columbia College, in the City of New York, 1754–1876|publisher=Columbia College|year=1876|page=[https://archive.org/details/anhistoricalske00univgoog/page/n14 8]}}</ref>

=== American Revolution ===
The [[Stamp Act Congress]] met in New York in October 1765, as the [[Sons of Liberty]], organized in the city, [[Skirmisher|skirmished]] over the next ten years with British troops stationed there.<ref name="BoyerClark2009">{{cite book|author1=Paul Boyer|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O7NsCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA100|title=The Enduring Vision: A History of the American People, Volume 1: To 1877, Concise|author2=Clifford Clark|author3=Sandra Hawley|author4=Joseph Kett|author5=Andrew Rieser|publisher=Cengage Learning|year=2009|isbn=978-1-111-78553-6|page=100}}</ref> The [[Battle of Long Island]], the largest battle of the [[American Revolutionary War]], was fought in August 1776 within the modern-day borough of Brooklyn.<ref name="Reno2008">{{cite book|author=Linda Davis Reno|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KvhogpG5154C&pg=PA3|title=The Maryland 400 in the Battle of Long Island, 1776|publisher=McFarland|year=2008|isbn=978-0-7864-5184-5|page=3}}</ref> After the battle, in which the Americans were defeated, the British made the city their military and political base of operations in North America. The city was a haven for [[Loyalist (American Revolution)|Loyalist]] refugees and escaped slaves who joined the British lines for freedom newly promised by the Crown for all fighters. As many as 10,000 escaped slaves crowded into the city during the British occupation. When the British forces [[Evacuation Day (New York)|evacuated]] at the close of the war in 1783, they transported 3,000 [[freedmen]] for resettlement in [[Nova Scotia]].<ref name="Hinks2007">{{cite book|author=Peter P. Hinks|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3UXQs0uO0VMC&pg=PA508|title=Encyclopedia of Antislavery and Abolition|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|year=2007|isbn=978-0-313-33144-2|page=508}}</ref> They resettled other [[Freedman|freedmen]] in England and the [[Caribbean]].

The only attempt at a peaceful solution to the war took place at the [[Conference House]] on Staten Island between American delegates, including [[Benjamin Franklin]], and British general [[Richard Howe, 1st Earl Howe|Lord Howe]] on September 11, 1776. Shortly after the British occupation began, the [[Great Fire of New York (1776)|Great Fire of New York]] occurred, a large conflagration on the [[West Side (Manhattan)|West Side]] of Lower Manhattan, which destroyed about a quarter of the buildings in the city, including [[Trinity Church (New York City)|Trinity Church]].<ref>Trinity Church bicentennial celebration, May 5, 1897 By Trinity Church (New York, N.Y.) p. 37</ref>

In 1785, the assembly of the [[Congress of the Confederation]] made New York City the national capital shortly after the war. New York was the last capital of the U.S. under the [[Articles of Confederation]] and the first capital under the [[United States Constitution|Constitution of the United States]]. New York City as the U.S. capital hosted several events of national scope in 1789—the first President of the United States, [[George Washington]], was inaugurated; the first [[United States Congress]] and the [[Supreme Court of the United States]] each assembled for the first time; and the [[United States Bill of Rights]] was drafted, all at [[Federal Hall]] on Wall Street.<ref>{{cite magazine|title=The People's Vote: President George Washington's First Inaugural Speech (1789)|url=https://www.usnews.com/usnews/documents/docpages/document_page11.htm|magazine=U.S. News and World Report|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080925045133/http://www.usnews.com/usnews/documents/docpages/document_page11.htm|archivedate=September 25, 2008|accessdate=September 1, 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref> By 1790, New York had surpassed [[Philadelphia]] to become the largest city in the United States, but by the end of that year, pursuant to the [[Residence Act]], the national capital was moved to Philadelphia.<ref name="residence act">{{cite web|title=Residence Act|url=https://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/ourdocs/Residence.html|accessdate=April 23, 2017|work=Web Guides: Primary Documents in American History|publisher=[[Library of Congress]]}}</ref><ref>[https://www.senate.gov/reference/reference_item/Nine_Capitals_of_the_United_States.htm ''The Nine Capitals of the United States''], by Robert Fortenbaugh (1948), p. 9, via U.S. Senate web site</ref>

=== Nineteenth century ===
[[File:Hippolyte_Sebron_-_Rue_De_New-York_En_1840.jpg|alt=A painting of a snowy city street with horse-drawn sleds and a 19th-century fire truck under blue sky|thumb|[[Broadway (Manhattan)|Broadway]] follows the Native American [[Wickquasgeck]] Trail through Manhattan.<ref>{{cite news|last=Shorto|first=Russell|date=February 9, 2004|title=The Streets Where History Lives|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9B00E5DD1F3BF93AA35751C0A9629C8B63|accessdate=June 19, 2013}}</ref>]]
Over the course of the nineteenth century, New York City's population grew from ~60,000 to ~3.43 million.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Smil|first=Vaclav|title=Growth : from microorganisms to megacities|publisher=[[The MIT Press]]|year=2019|isbn=978-0-262-04283-3|location=Cambridge, Massachusetts|pages=336|oclc=1085577162|authorlink=Vaclav Smil}}</ref> Under New York State's [[Abolition of slavery in the United States|abolition]] act of 1799, children of slave mothers were to be eventually liberated but to be held in [[indentured servitude]] until their mid-to-late twenties.<ref>"An Act for the Gradual Abolition of Negro Slavery in New York" ([[Laws of New York|L. 1799, Ch. 62]])</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Harper|first=Douglas|year=2003|title=Slavery in the North—Emancipation in New York|url=http://www.slavenorth.com/nyemancip.htm|accessdate=February 6, 2013}}</ref> Together with slaves freed by their masters after the Revolutionary War and escaped slaves, a significant free-black population gradually developed in Manhattan. Under such influential [[Founding Fathers of the United States|United States founders]] as [[Alexander Hamilton]] and [[John Jay]], the [[New York Manumission Society]] worked for abolition and established the [[African Free School]] to educate black children.<ref name="Divided">[http://www.nydivided.org/VirtualExhibit/ ''New York Divided: Slavery and the Civil War'' online exhibit], New-York Historical Society, (November 17, 2006 to September 3, 2007, physical exhibit). Retrieved May 10, 2012</ref> It was not until 1827 that slavery was completely abolished in the state, and free blacks struggled afterward with discrimination. New York interracial abolitionist activism continued; among its leaders were graduates of the African Free School. The city's black population reached more than 16,000 in 1840.<ref>[http://www.history.emory.edu/newsletter01/newsl01/african.htm][[Leslie M. Harris]], "African Americans in New York City, 1626–1863", Department of History, Emory University</ref>

In the 19th century, the city was transformed by development relating to its status as a national and [[International trade|international trading center]], as well as by European immigration.<ref>{{cite book|last=Rosenwaike|first=Ira|url=https://archive.org/details/populationhistor00irar|title=Population History of New York City|date=1972|publisher=Syracuse University Press|isbn=978-0-8156-2155-3|p=[https://archive.org/details/populationhistor00irar/page/55 55]|url-access=registration}}</ref> The city adopted the [[Commissioners' Plan of 1811]], which expanded the city [[Grid plan#Early United States|street grid]] to encompass almost all of Manhattan. The 1825 completion of the [[Erie Canal]] through [[central New York]] connected the Atlantic port to the agricultural markets and commodities of the North American interior via the [[Hudson River]] and the [[Great Lakes]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Bridges|first=William|title=Map of the City Of New York And Island Of Manhattan With Explanatory Remarks And References|year=1811}}; Lankevich (1998), pp. 67–68.</ref> Local politics became dominated by [[Tammany Hall]], a [[political machine]] supported by [[Irish diaspora|Irish]] and [[German diaspora|German immigrants]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Mushkat|first=Jerome Mushkat|url=https://archive.org/details/fernandowoodpoli0000mush|title=Fernando Wood: A Political Biography|publisher=Kent State University Press|year=1990|isbn=978-0-87338-413-1|page=[https://archive.org/details/fernandowoodpoli0000mush/page/36 36]|url-access=registration}}</ref>

Several prominent American [[Writer|literary figures]] lived in New York during the 1830s and 1840s, including [[William Cullen Bryant]], [[Washington Irving]], [[Herman Melville]], [[Rufus Wilmot Griswold]], [[John Keese]], [[Nathaniel Parker Willis]], and [[Edgar Allan Poe]]. Public-minded members of the contemporaneous business elite lobbied for the establishment of [[Central Park]], which in 1857 became the first [[Landscape design|landscaped park]] in an American city.

The [[Great Famine (Ireland)|Great Irish Famine]] brought a large influx of Irish immigrants; more than 200,000 were living in New York by 1860, upwards of a quarter of the city's population.<ref>{{cite web|title=Cholera in Nineteenth Century New York|url=http://www.virtualny.cuny.edu/cholera/1866/cholera_1866_set.html|website=Virtual New York|publisher=City University of New York}}</ref> There was also extensive immigration from the German provinces, where revolutions had disrupted societies, and Germans comprised another 25% of New York's population by 1860.<ref name="Harris">{{cite book|author=Leslie M. Harris|title=In the Shadow of Slavery: African Americans in New York City, 1626–1863|date=2003|publisher=University of Chicago Press|at=Excerpted from pages 279–288|section=The New York City Draft Riots|author-link=Leslie M. Harris|section-url=http://www.press.uchicago.edu/Misc/Chicago/317749.html}}</ref>

[[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]] candidates were consistently elected to local office, increasing the city's ties to the South and its dominant party. In 1861, Mayor [[Fernando Wood]] called upon the [[Alderman|aldermen]] to declare independence from Albany and the United States after the South seceded, but his proposal was not acted on.<ref name="Divided" /> Anger at new [[military conscription]] laws during the [[American Civil War]] (1861–1865), which spared wealthier men who could afford to pay a $300 ({{Inflation|US|300|1863|fmt=eq}}) commutation fee to hire a substitute,<ref>[http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h249.html "The Draft in the Civil War"], u-s-history.com.</ref> led to the [[New York Draft Riots|Draft Riots of 1863]], whose most visible participants were ethnic Irish working class.<ref name="Divided" />

The draft riots deteriorated into attacks on New York's elite, followed by attacks on black New Yorkers and their property after fierce competition for a decade between Irish immigrants and black people for work. Rioters burned the Colored Orphan Asylum to the ground, with more than 200 children escaping harm due to efforts of the [[New York City Police Department|New York Police Department]], which was mainly made up of Irish immigrants.<ref name="Harris" /> At least 120 people were killed.<ref name="McPherson">{{cite book|last=McPherson|first=James M.|url=https://books.google.com/books?isbn=0077430352|title=Ordeal by Fire: The Civil War and Reconstruction|publisher=McGraw-Hill Education|year=2001|isbn=978-0-07-743035-1|page=399}}</ref> Eleven black men were lynched over five days, and the riots forced hundreds of blacks to flee the city for [[Williamsburg, Brooklyn|Williamsburg]], Brooklyn, and New Jersey. The black population in Manhattan fell below 10,000 by 1865, which it had last been in 1820. The white working class had established dominance.<ref name="Harris" /><ref name="McPherson" /> Violence by longshoremen against black men was especially fierce in the docks area.<ref name="Harris" /> It was one of the worst incidents of civil unrest in American history.<ref>{{cite book|last=Cook|first=Adrian|title=The Armies of the Streets: The New York City Draft Riots of 1863|year=1974|pages=193–195}}</ref>

=== Modern history ===
[[File:Old_timer_structural_worker2.jpg|alt=A man working on a steel girder high about a city skyline.|thumb|A [[construction worker]] atop the [[Empire State Building]] as it was being built in 1930. The [[Chrysler Building]] is behind him.]]
In 1898, the modern City of New York was formed with the [[City of Greater New York|consolidation]] of Brooklyn (until then a separate city), the County of New York (which then included parts of the Bronx), the County of Richmond, and the western portion of the County of Queens.<ref>{{cite web|title=The 100 Year Anniversary of the Consolidation of the 5 Boroughs into New York City|url=http://nyc.gov/html/nyc100/html/classroom/hist_info/100aniv.html|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011221627/http://nyc.gov/html/nyc100/html/classroom/hist_info/100aniv.html|archivedate=October 11, 2007|accessdate=October 28, 2010|website=NYC100 Centennial Celebration}}</ref> The opening of the [[New York City Subway|subway]] in 1904, first built as separate private systems, helped bind the new city together.<ref name="Cudahy2004">{{cite book|author=Brian J. Cudahy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UfodzizzrfQC&pg=PA2|title=The New York Subway: Its Construction and Equipment : Interborough Rapid Transit, 1904|publisher=Fordham Univ Press|year=2004|isbn=978-0-8232-2401-2|page=2}}</ref> Throughout the first half of the 20th century, the city became a world center for industry, commerce, and communication.<ref name="Blake2009">{{cite book|author=Angela M. Blake|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v36fyM6qswYC&pg=PT63|title=How New York Became American, 1890–1924|publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press|year=2009|isbn=978-0-8018-8874-8|pages=63–66}}</ref>

In 1904, the [[steamship]] ''[[PS General Slocum|General Slocum]]'' caught fire in the [[East River]], killing 1,021 people on board.<ref name="Sheard1998">{{cite book|author=Bradley Sheard|url=https://archive.org/details/lostvoyagestwoce0000shea|title=Lost Voyages: Two Centuries of Shipwrecks in the Approaches to New York|publisher=Aqua Quest Publications, Inc.|year=1998|isbn=978-1-881652-17-5|page=[https://archive.org/details/lostvoyagestwoce0000shea/page/67 67]|url-access=registration}}</ref> In 1911, the [[Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire]], the city's worst industrial disaster, took the lives of 146 garment workers and spurred the growth of the [[International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union]] and major improvements in factory safety standards.<ref name="cornell1">{{cite web|author=Kheel Center|title=Home|url=https://trianglefire.ilr.cornell.edu/|access-date=February 9, 2017|work=The 1911 Triangle Factory Fire|publisher=[[Cornell University]]}}</ref>

New York's non-white population was 36,620 in 1890.<ref>{{cite book|last=Rosenwaike|first=Ira|url=https://archive.org/details/populationhistor00irar|title=Population History of New York City|date=1972|publisher=Syracuse University Press|isbn=978-0-8156-2155-3|at=Table 30|url-access=registration}}</ref> New York City was a prime destination in the early twentieth century for African Americans during the [[Great Migration (African American)|Great Migration]] from the American South, and by 1916, New York City had become home to the largest urban [[African diaspora]] in North America.<ref name="GatesHigginbotham2009">{{cite book|author1=Henry Louis Gates|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E_vRLcgEdGoC&pg=PR7|title=Harlem Renaissance Lives from the African American National Biography|author2=Evelyn Brooks Higginbotham|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2009|isbn=978-0-19-538795-7|page=7}}</ref> The [[Harlem Renaissance]] of literary and cultural life flourished during the era of [[Prohibition in the United States|Prohibition]].<ref name="Roche2015">{{cite book|author=Linda De Roche|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cOGOCgAAQBAJ&pg=PR18|title=The Jazz Age: A Historical Exploration of Literature: A Historical Exploration of Literature|publisher=ABC-CLIO|year=2015|isbn=978-1-61069-668-5|pages=18–19}}</ref> The larger economic boom generated construction of skyscrapers competing in height and creating an identifiable [[skyline]].

New York became the most populous urbanized area in the world in the early-1920s, overtaking London. The metropolitan area surpassed the 10 million mark in the early-1930s, becoming the first [[megacity]] in human history.<ref>{{cite web|title=New York Urbanized Area: Population & Density from 1800 (Provisional)|url=http://www.demographia.com/db-nyuza1800.htm|accessdate=July 8, 2009|publisher=Demographia.com}}</ref> The difficult years of the [[Great Depression]] saw the election of reformer [[Fiorello La Guardia]] as mayor and the fall of Tammany Hall after eighty years of political dominance.<ref>{{cite book|last=Allen|first=Oliver E.|title=The Tiger—The Rise and Fall of Tammany Hall|publisher=Addison-Wesley Publishing Company|year=1993|isbn=978-0-201-62463-2|chapter=Chapter 9: The Decline|chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/tigerrisefalloft00alle}}</ref>

Returning [[World War II]] veterans created a post-war [[Business cycle|economic boom]] and the development of large [[housing tract]]s in eastern Queens and [[Nassau County, New York|Nassau County]] as well as similar suburban areas in New Jersey. New York emerged from the war unscathed as the leading city of the world, with [[Wall Street]] leading America's place as the world's dominant economic power. The [[United Nations Headquarters]] was completed in 1952, solidifying New York's global [[geopolitical]] influence, and the rise of [[abstract expressionism]] in the city precipitated New York's displacement of Paris as the center of the art world.<ref>{{cite web|last=Burns|first=Ric|date=August 22, 2003|title=The Center of the World—New York: A Documentary Film (Transcript)|url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/newyork/filmmore/pt.html|accessdate=September 1, 2008|publisher=PBS}}</ref>
[[File:Stonewall_Inn_5_pride_weekend_2016.jpg|alt=A two-story building with brick on the first floor, with two arched doorways, and gray stucco on the second floor off of which hang numerous rainbow flags.|thumb|The [[Stonewall Inn]] in [[Greenwich Village]], a designated U.S. [[National Historic Landmark]] and [[Stonewall National Monument|National Monument]], as the site of the June 1969 [[Stonewall riots]] and the cradle of the modern [[gay rights]] movement.<ref name="GayGreenwichVillage1">{{cite web|author=Julia Goicichea|date=August 16, 2017|title=Why New York City Is a Major Destination for LGBT Travelers|url=https://theculturetrip.com/north-america/usa/new-york/articles/why-new-york-city-is-a-major-destination-for-lgbt-travelers/|accessdate=February 2, 2019|publisher=The Culture Trip}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Workforce Diversity The Stonewall Inn, National Historic Landmark National Register Number: 99000562|url=http://www.nps.gov/diversity/stonewall.htm|accessdate=May 1, 2011|publisher=National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Eli Rosenberg|date=June 24, 2016|title=Stonewall Inn Named National Monument, a First for the Gay Rights Movement|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/25/nyregion/stonewall-inn-named-national-monument-a-first-for-gay-rights-movement.html|accessdate=June 25, 2016}}</ref>]]
The [[Stonewall riots]] were a series of spontaneous, violent demonstrations by members of the [[LGBT community|gay community]] against a [[police raid]] that took place in the early morning hours of June 28, 1969, at the [[Stonewall Inn]] in the [[Greenwich Village]] neighborhood of Lower Manhattan.<ref name="Murphy2013">{{cite book|author=Timothy Murphy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FeWMAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA572|title=Reader's Guide to Lesbian and Gay Studies|publisher=Routledge|year=2013|isbn=978-1-135-94234-2|page=572}}</ref> They are widely considered to constitute the single most important event leading to the [[gay liberation]] movement<ref name="GayGreenwichVillage1" /><ref name="KentuckyStonewall">{{cite web|title=Brief History of the Gay and Lesbian Rights Movement in the U.S.|url=http://www.uky.edu/~lbarr2/gws250spring11_files/Page1186.htm|accessdate=September 2, 2017|publisher=University of Kentucky}}</ref><ref name="PinkNewsStonewall">{{cite web|author=Nell Frizzell|date=June 28, 2013|title=Feature: How the Stonewall riots started the LGBT rights movement|url=http://www.pinknews.co.uk/2013/06/28/feature-how-the-stonewall-riots-started-the-gay-rights-movement/|accessdate=August 31, 2017|publisher=Pink News UK}}</ref><ref name="EncycloStonewall">{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Stonewall-riots|title=Stonewall riots|encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica|accessdate=August 31, 2017}}</ref> and the modern fight for [[LGBT rights by country or territory|LGBT rights]].<ref name="NPSStonewall">{{cite web|author=U.S. National Park Service|author-link=U.S. National Park Service|date=October 17, 2016|title=Civil Rights at Stonewall National Monument|url=https://www.nps.gov/places/stonewall.htm|accessdate=August 31, 2017|publisher=[[Department of the Interior]]}}</ref><ref name="ObamaStonewall">{{cite web|title=Obama inaugural speech references Stonewall gay-rights riots|url=http://www.northjersey.com/news/2012_Presidential_Election/Obama_inaugural_speech_references_Stonewall_riots.html|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130530065722/http://www.northjersey.com/news/2012_Presidential_Election/Obama_inaugural_speech_references_Stonewall_riots.html|archivedate=May 30, 2013|accessdate=July 2, 2013}}</ref> [[Wayne R. Dynes]], author of the [[Encyclopedia of Homosexuality]], wrote that [[drag queen]]s were the only "transgender folks around" during the June 1969 [[Stonewall riots]]. "None of them in fact made a major contribution to the movement."<ref name="TransEqualityNYC">{{cite web|author=Cristan Williams|date=January 25, 2013|title=So, what was Stonewall?|url=http://transadvocate.com/so-what-was-stonewall_n_8424.htm|accessdate=March 28, 2017|publisher=The TransAdvocate}}</ref> Others say the [[transgender]] community in New York City played a significant role in fighting for [[LGBT equality]] during the period of the Stonewall riots and thereafter.<ref name="TransEqualityNYC" />

In the 1970s, job losses due to [[Deindustrialization|industrial restructuring]] caused New York City to suffer from economic problems and rising crime rates.<ref>{{cite web|last=Tannenbaum|first=Allan|title=New York in the 70s: A Remembrance|url=http://digitaljournalist.org/issue0402/at_intro.html|accessdate=December 18, 2011|publisher=The Digital Journalist}}</ref> While a resurgence in the financial industry greatly improved the city's economic health in the 1980s, New York's crime rate continued to increase through that decade and into the beginning of the 1990s.<ref>{{cite web|last=Effgen|first=Christopher|date=September 11, 2001|title=New York Crime Rates 1960–2009|url=http://www.disastercenter.com/crime/nycrime.htm|accessdate=October 28, 2010|publisher=Disastercenter.com}}</ref> By the mid 1990s, crime rates started to drop dramatically due to revised police strategies, improving economic opportunities, [[gentrification]], and new residents, both American transplants and new immigrants from Asia and Latin America. Important new sectors, such as [[Silicon Alley]], emerged in the city's economy.<ref name="Waller2013">{{cite book|author=Irvin Waller|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qQPGAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA38|title=Smarter Crime Control|publisher=University of Ottawa|year=2013|isbn=978-1-4422-2170-3|page=38}}</ref> New York's population reached all-time highs in the [[2000 United States Census|2000 census]] and then again in the 2010 census.
[[File:UA_Flight_175_hits_WTC_south_tower_9-11_edit.jpeg|alt=Two tall, gray, rectangular buildings spewing black smoke and flames, particularly from the left of the two.|thumb|[[United Airlines Flight 175]] hits the South Tower of the [[World Trade Center (1973–2001)|World Trade Center]] on [[September 11 attacks|September 11, 2001]].]]
New York City suffered the bulk of the economic damage and largest loss of human life in the aftermath of the [[September 11 attacks|September 11, 2001 attacks]].<ref name="Dieterle2017">{{cite book|author=David A. Dieterle|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LmphDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA396|title=Economics: The Definitive Encyclopedia from Theory to Practice [4 volumes]|publisher=ABC-CLIO|year=2017|isbn=978-0-313-39708-0|page=396}}</ref> Two of the four airliners highjacked that day were flown into the twin towers of the World Trade Center, destroying them and killing 2,192 civilians, 343 firefighters, and 71 law enforcement officers. The North Tower became the tallest building ever to be destroyed anywhere then or subsequently.<ref>{{cite news|date=July 2008|title=Missing Doctor Added to List of 9/11 Victims|publisher=TWO SL LLC|agency=Associated Press|location=New York|url=http://www.nysun.com/new-york/missing-doctor-added-to-list-of-9-11-victims/81626/|accessdate=February 21, 2013}}</ref>

[[World Trade Center site#Rebuilding|The area was rebuilt]] with a new [[One World Trade Center]], a [[National September 11 Memorial & Museum|9/11 memorial and museum]], and other new buildings and infrastructure.<ref name="Greenspan2013">{{cite book|author=Elizabeth Greenspan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DMHzmpTK5rYC&pg=PA152|title=Battle for Ground Zero: Inside the Political Struggle to Rebuild the World Trade Center|publisher=St. Martin's Press/Harvard University|year=2013|isbn=978-1-137-36547-7|page=152}}</ref> The [[World Trade Center (PATH station)|World Trade Center PATH station]], which had opened on July 19, 1909 as the Hudson Terminal, was also destroyed in the attacks. A temporary station was built and opened on November 23, 2003. An {{convert|800000|sqft|adj=on}} permanent rail station designed by [[Santiago Calatrava]], the [[World Trade Center Transportation Hub]], the city's third-largest hub, was completed in 2016.<ref>[http://www.panynj.gov/wtcprogress/transportation-hub.html World Trade Center Transportation Hub], World Trade Center. Retrieved February 9, 2017. "The state-of-the-art World Trade Center Transportation Hub, completed in 2016, serves 250,000 Port Authority Trans-Hudson (PATH) daily commuters and millions of annual visitors from around the world. At approximately 800,000 square feet, the Hub, designed by internationally acclaimed architect Santiago Calatrava, is the third largest transportation center in New York City."</ref> The new One World Trade Center is the tallest skyscraper in the Western Hemisphere<ref name="OneWTCtallest">{{cite news|last=Hetter|first=Katia|date=November 12, 2013|title=It's official: One World Trade Center to be tallest U.S. skyscraper|publisher=CNN|url=http://www.cnn.com/2013/11/12/travel/one-world-trade-center-tallest-us-building/index.html?hpt=hp_t2|accessdate=March 1, 2014}}</ref> and the [[List of tallest buildings in the world|sixth-tallest building in the world]] by [[pinnacle]] height, with its [[spire]] reaching a symbolic {{convert|1776|ft|m|1}} in reference to the year of [[United States Declaration of Independence|U.S. independence]].<ref>{{cite web|title=New York City Skyscraper Diagram|url=http://skyscraperpage.com/diagrams/?cityID=8|accessdate=January 22, 2013|website=SkyscraperPage.com|publisher=Skyscraper Source Media}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=One World Trade Center|url=http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=7788|access-date=February 9, 2017|website=SkyscraperPage.com|publisher=Skyscraper Source Media|quote=The roof height is the same as original One World Trade Center. The building is topped out by a 124-meter (408-foot) spire. So the tower rises 1,776 feet (541-meter) which marks the year of the American declaration of Independence}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Matthews|first=Laura|date=April 30, 2012|title=One World Trade Center On Top As Tallest Building in New York City|newspaper=The International Business Times|url=http://www.ibtimes.com/one-world-trade-center-top-tallest-building-new-york-city-photos-700251|accessdate=January 22, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Lesser|first=Benjamin|date=April 30, 2012|title=It's official: 1 World Trade Center is now New York's tallest skyscraper|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/life-style/real-estate/official-1-wtc-york-tallest-building-article-1.1069925|accessdate=January 22, 2013|work=Daily News|location=New York}}</ref>

The [[Occupy Wall Street]] protests in [[Zuccotti Park]] in the [[Financial District (Manhattan)|Financial District]] of Lower Manhattan began on September 17, 2011, receiving global attention and popularizing the [[Occupy movement|Occupy]] [[Social movement|movement]] against [[Social inequality|social]] and [[economic inequality]] worldwide.<ref>[[Joe Nocera|Nocera, Joe]]. [https://www.nytimes.com/2012/09/15/opinion/nocera-two-days-in-september.html "Two Days in September"], ''[[The New York Times]]'', September 14, 2012. Retrieved May 6, 2017. "On the left, that anger led, a year ago, to the rise of the Occupy Wall Street movement. Thus, Anniversary No. 2: Sept. 17, 2011, was the date Occupy Wall Street took over Zuccotti Park in Lower Manhattan, which soon led to similar actions in cities across the country. The movement's primary issue was income inequality—'We are the 99 percent', they used to chant."</ref>

In March 2020 the first confirmed case of [[Coronavirus disease 2019|COVID-19]] for the city was in Manhattan.<ref>{{Cite news|last=West|first=Melanie Grayce|date=March 2, 2020|title=First Case of Coronavirus Confirmed in New York State|language=en-US|work=Wall Street Journal|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/first-case-of-coronavirus-confirmed-in-new-york-state-11583111692|access-date=July 10, 2020|issn=0099-9660}}</ref> As of June 2020, New York City had recorded [[COVID-19 pandemic in New York City|over 20,000 deaths]] from COVID-19-related complications. The city was the U.S. epicenter of the [[COVID-19 pandemic|pandemic]] during the early phase, before the infection spread nationwide. New York City partially-reopened in its first phase on June 8.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Goodman|first=J. David|date=June 7, 2020|title=After 3 Months of Outbreak and Hardship, N.Y.C. Is Set to Reopen|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/07/nyregion/new-york-reopening-coronavirus.html|access-date=July 10, 2020|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> It began phase two on June 22,<ref>{{Cite web|last=staff/jen-carlson|date=June 21, 2020|title=Everything You Need To Know About Phase 2 Of Reopening NYC|url=http://gothamist.com/news/everything-you-need-know-about-phase-2-reopening-nyc|access-date=July 10, 2020|website=Gothamist|language=en}}</ref> and phase three on July 6.<ref>{{Cite web|last=staff/jen-carlson|date=July 6, 2020|title=Everything You Need To Know About Phase 3 Of Reopening NYC|url=http://gothamist.com/news/everything-you-need-know-about-phase-3-reopening-nyc|access-date=July 10, 2020|website=Gothamist|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Gold|first=Michael|last2=Stevens|first2=Matt|date=July 6, 2020|title=What Are the Phases of New York’s Reopening Plan?|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/article/new-york-phase-reopening.html|access-date=July 10, 2020|issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Zaveri|first=Mihir|date=July 6, 2020|title=The Next Phase of Reopening|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/06/nyregion/nyc-coronavirus-phase3.html|access-date=July 10, 2020|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> During the pandemic a federal judge blocked Mayor [[Bill de Blasio]] from enforcing restrictions on religious organizations to 25% when others operated at 50%.<ref>{{Cite web|last=News|first=A. B. C.|title=Judge blocks 25% capacity rule for religious services in NY|url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/wireStory/judge-blocks-25-capacity-rule-religious-services-ny-71480425|access-date=July 10, 2020|website=ABC News|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=June 26|first=Ryan Tarinelli {{!}}|last2=PM|first2=2020 at 04:42|title=Federal Judge Rules Against New York's Outdoor Gathering Restrictions|url=https://www.law.com/newyorklawjournal/2020/06/26/federal-judge-rules-against-new-yorks-outdoor-gathering-restrictions/|access-date=July 10, 2020|website=New York Law Journal|language=en}}</ref> A federal lawsuit alleging religious discrimination began in June by Catholic priests and Jewish congregants against Governor [[Andrew Cuomo]] and Mayor de Blasio.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Schreirber|first=Sholom|date=June 13, 2020|title=‘Absolute Monarchy’: Catholic Priests, Jewish Congregants Sue Cuomo, De Blasio Over Double Standards On Worship, Protests|url=https://thejewishvoice.com/2020/06/absolute-monarchy-catholic-priests-jewish-congregants-sue-cuomo-de-blasio-over-double-standards-on-worship-protests/|access-date=July 10, 2020|website=The Jewish Voice|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Orthodox Jews sue de Blasio, Cuomo for discrimination over lockdown rules|url=https://www.jpost.com/diaspora/orthodox-jews-sue-de-blasio-cuomo-for-discrimination-over-lockdown-rules-631376|access-date=July 10, 2020|website=The Jerusalem Post {{!}} JPost.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=June 14, 2020|title=Suit Filed Alleging Religious Discrimination in Actions by Cuomo and De Blasio {{!}} Hamodia.com|url=https://hamodia.com/2020/06/14/suit-filed-alleging-religious-discrimination-actions-cuomo-de-blasio/|access-date=July 10, 2020|website=Hamodia|language=en}}</ref>

== Geography ==
{{Main|Geography of New York City|Geography of New York Harbor}}
[[File:Core_of_New_York_City_by_Sentinel-2.jpg|alt=|thumb|269x269px|The core of the [[New York metropolitan area|New York City metropolitan area]], with [[Manhattan Island]] at its center.]]
During the [[Wisconsin glaciation]], 75,000 to 11,000 years ago, the New York City area was situated at the edge of a large [[ice sheet]] over {{convert|2000|ft}} in depth.<ref name="JacksonKeller2010a">{{cite book|author1=Kenneth T. Jackson|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lI5ERUmHf3YC&pg=PT2384|title=The Encyclopedia of New York City: Second Edition|author2=Lisa Keller|author3=Nancy Flood|publisher=Yale University Press|year=2010|isbn=978-0-300-18257-6|page=2384}}</ref> The erosive forward movement of the ice (and its subsequent retreat) contributed to the separation of what is now [[Long Island]] and [[Staten Island]]. That action also left [[bedrock]] at a relatively shallow depth, providing a solid [[Foundation (engineering)|foundation]] for most of Manhattan's skyscrapers.<ref>{{cite web|title=Remnants of an Ice Age, The Wisconsin Ice Sheet Continues Its Journey|url=http://www.nycgovparks.org/about/history/geology|accessdate=August 8, 2015|publisher=The City of New York}}</ref>

New York City is situated in the [[northeastern United States]], in southeastern New York State, approximately halfway between [[Washington, D.C.]] and [[Boston]]. The location at the mouth of the [[Hudson River]], which feeds into a naturally sheltered harbor and then into the Atlantic Ocean, has helped the city grow in significance as a trading port. Most of New York City is built on the three islands of [[Long Island]], Manhattan, and Staten Island.

The [[Hudson River]] flows through the [[Hudson Valley]] into [[New York Bay]]. Between New York City and [[Troy, New York]], the river is an [[estuary]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Information About the Hudson River Estuary|url=http://life.bio.sunysb.edu/marinebio/fc.1.estuaries.html|accessdate=August 20, 2011|publisher=Life.bio.sunysb.edu}}</ref> The Hudson River separates the city from the U.S. state of [[New Jersey]]. The [[East River]]—a [[tidal strait]]—flows from [[Long Island Sound]] and separates the Bronx and Manhattan from Long Island. The [[Harlem River]], another tidal strait between the East and Hudson rivers, separates most of Manhattan from the Bronx. The [[Bronx River]], which flows through the Bronx and [[Westchester County]], is the only entirely [[fresh water|freshwater]] river in the city.<ref name="nytimes">{{cite news|last=Berger|first=Joseph|date=July 19, 2010|title=Reclaimed Jewel Whose Attraction Can Be Perilous|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/07/20/nyregion/20river.html|accessdate=July 21, 2010}}</ref>

The city's land has been altered substantially by human intervention, with considerable [[land reclamation]] along the waterfronts since Dutch colonial times; reclamation is most prominent in [[Lower Manhattan]], with developments such as [[Battery Park City]] in the 1970s and 1980s.<ref name="gillespie-p71">{{cite book|last=Gillespie|first=Angus K.|url=https://archive.org/details/twintowerslifeof00gill|title=Twin Towers: The Life of New York City's World Trade Center|publisher=Rutgers University Press|year=1999|isbn=978-0-7838-9785-1|page=[https://archive.org/details/twintowerslifeof00gill/page/71 71]|url-access=registration}}</ref> Some of the natural relief in topography has been evened out, especially in Manhattan.<ref>{{cite book|last=Lopate|first=Phillip|title=Waterfront: A Walk Around Manhattan|publisher=Anchor Press|year=2004|isbn=978-0-385-49714-5}}</ref>

The city's total area is {{convert|468.484|sqmi}}; {{convert|302.643|sqmi|abbr=on}} of the city is land and {{convert|165.841|sqmi|abbr=on}} of this is water.<ref name="CensusGazetteer">[http://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2010_place_list_36.txt New York State Gazetteer from 2010 United States Census], [[United States Census Bureau]]. Retrieved February 9, 2017.</ref><ref name="NYT Land Estimate">{{cite news|last=Roberts|first=Sam|date=May 22, 2008|title=It's Still a Big City, Just Not Quite So Big|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/05/22/nyregion/22shrink.html|accessdate=May 22, 2008}}</ref> The highest point in the city is [[Todt Hill]] on Staten Island, which, at {{convert|409.8|ft}} [[Above mean sea level|above sea level]], is the highest point on the U.S. Eastern Seaboard south of [[Maine]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Lundrigan|first=Margaret|title=Staten Island: Isle of the Bay, NY|publisher=Arcadia Publishing|year=2004|isbn=978-0-7385-2443-6|page=10}}</ref> The summit of the ridge is mostly covered in [[woodland]]s as part of the [[Staten Island Greenbelt]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Howard|first=David|title=Outside Magazine's Urban Adventure New York City|publisher=W.W. Norton & Company|year=2002|isbn=978-0-393-32212-5|page=35}}</ref>

=== Boroughs ===
{{main|Boroughs of New York City|Neighborhoods in New York City}}
{{NYC boroughs}}
[[File:5_Boroughs_Labels_New_York_City_Map.svg|alt=A map showing five boroughs in different colors.|thumb|The five [[Borough (New York City)|boroughs]] of New York City:{{legend|#4DAF4A|1. Manhattan}}{{legend|#FFFF33|2. Brooklyn}}{{legend|#FF7F00|3. Queens}}{{legend|#E41A1C|4. The Bronx}}{{legend|#984EA3|5. Staten Island}}]]
{{nowrap|New York City}} is sometimes referred to collectively as the ''Five Boroughs''.<ref>{{Cite web|date=October 7, 2017|title=The Five Boroughs of the City of New York: A Brief Historical Description|url=http://www.thehistorybox.com/ny_city/nycity_5_boros_historical_descrip__article00598.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171007144725/http://www.thehistorybox.com/ny_city/nycity_5_boros_historical_descrip__article00598.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=October 7, 2017|access-date=July 10, 2020}}</ref>

There are [[:Category:Neighborhoods in New York City|hundreds of distinct neighborhoods]] throughout the boroughs, many with a definable history and character. If the boroughs were each independent cities, four of the boroughs (Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, and the Bronx) would be among the ten most populous cities in the United States (Staten Island would be ranked 37th as of 2020); these same boroughs are coterminous with the four most densely populated counties in the United States: New York (Manhattan), Kings (Brooklyn), Bronx, and Queens.

==== Manhattan ====
[[Manhattan]] (New York County) is the geographically smallest and most densely populated borough, is home to [[Central Park]] and most of the city's skyscrapers, and is sometimes locally known as ''The City''.<ref name="ManhattanTheCity">{{cite web|author=Jen Carlson|date=May 21, 2012|title=Do You Refer To Manhattan As 'The City'?|url=http://gothamist.com/2012/05/21/do_you_refer_to_manhattan_as_the_ci.php|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161025130428/http://gothamist.com/2012/05/21/do_you_refer_to_manhattan_as_the_ci.php|archivedate=October 25, 2016|accessdate=August 20, 2017|publisher=Gothamist}}</ref> Manhattan's population density of 72,033 people per square mile (27,812/km²) in 2015 makes it the [[County statistics of the United States#Population density|highest of any county in the United States]] and [[List of United States cities by population density#New York City boroughs|higher than the density of any individual American city]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Mann|first=Camille|last2=Valera|first2=Stephanie|title=World's Most Crowded Islands|url=http://www.weather.com/travel/worlds-most-crowded-islands-photos-20130624?pageno=4|accessdate=March 20, 2016|publisher=The Weather Channel}}</ref> Manhattan is the cultural, administrative, and [[financial center]] of New York City and contains the headquarters of many major [[multinational corporation]]s, the [[Headquarters of the United Nations|United Nations Headquarters]], [[Wall Street]], and a number of important universities. Manhattan is often described as the financial and cultural center of the world.<ref>{{cite news|author=Barry, Dan|date=October 11, 2001|title=A Nation challenged: in New York; New York Carries On, but Test of Its Grit Has Just Begun|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/10/11/nyregion/nation-challenged-new-york-new-york-carries-but-test-its-grit-has-just-begun.html|accessdate=March 27, 2016|quote=A roaring void has been created in the financial center of the world.}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Sorrentino, Christopher|date=September 16, 2007|title=When He Was Seventeen|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/09/16/nyregion/thecity/16toug.html|accessdate=March 27, 2016|quote=In 1980 there were still the remains of the various downtown revolutions that had reinvigorated New York's music and art scenes and kept Manhattan in the position it had occupied since the 1940s as the cultural center of the world.}}</ref>

Most of the borough is situated on [[Manhattan Island]], at the mouth of the Hudson River. Several small islands also compose part of the borough of Manhattan, including [[Randall's Island]], [[Wards Island]], and [[Roosevelt Island]] in the East River, and [[Governors Island]] and [[Liberty Island]] to the south in [[New York Harbor]]. Manhattan Island is loosely divided into the [[Lower Manhattan|Lower]], [[Midtown Manhattan|Midtown]], and [[Upper Manhattan|Uptown]] regions. Uptown Manhattan is divided by Central Park into the [[Upper East Side]] and the [[Upper West Side]], and above the park is [[Harlem]]. Harlem was predominantly occupied by Jewish and Italian Americans in the 19th century until the [[Great Migration (African American)|Great Migration]]. It was the center of the [[Harlem Renaissance]].

The borough of Manhattan also includes a small neighborhood on the mainland, called [[Marble Hill, Manhattan|Marble Hill]], which is contiguous with the Bronx. New York City's remaining four boroughs are collectively referred to as the O''uter Boroughs''.{{Wide image|10 mile panorama of NYC, Feb., 2018.jpg|1400px|Ten mile (16km) [[Manhattan]] [[skyline]] panorama from [[120th Street (Manhattan)|120th Street]] to [[The Battery (Manhattan)|the Battery]], taken in February 2018 from across the [[Hudson River]] in [[Weehawken, New Jersey]].
{{flatlist|
# [[Riverside Church]]
# [[Time Warner Center]]
# [[220 Central Park South]]
# [[Central Park Tower]]
# [[One57]]
# [[432 Park Avenue]]
# [[53W53]]
# [[Chrysler Building]]
# [[Bank of America Tower (Manhattan)|Bank of America Tower]]
# [[Conde Nast Building]]
# [[The New York Times Building]]
# [[Empire State Building]]
# [[Manhattan West]]
# a: [[55 Hudson Yards]], 14b: [[35 Hudson Yards]], 14c: [[10 Hudson Yards]], 14d: [[15 Hudson Yards]]
# [[56 Leonard Street]]
# [[8 Spruce Street]]
# [[Woolworth Building]]
# [[70 Pine Street]]
# [[30 Park Place]]
# [[Trump Building]]
# [[Three World Trade Center]]
# [[Four World Trade Center]]
# [[One World Trade Center]]}}|align-cap=center}}

==== Brooklyn ====
[[Brooklyn]] (Kings County), on the western tip of [[Long Island]], is the city's most populous borough. Brooklyn is known for its cultural, social, and ethnic diversity, an independent art scene, [[List of Brooklyn neighborhoods|distinct neighborhoods]], and a distinctive architectural heritage. [[Downtown Brooklyn]] is the largest central core neighborhood in the Outer Boroughs. The borough has a long beachfront shoreline including [[Coney Island]], established in the 1870s as one of the earliest amusement grounds in the U.S.<ref>{{cite book|last=Immerso|first=Michael|title=Coney Island: The People's Playground|publisher=Rutgers University Press|year=2002|isbn=978-0-8135-3138-0|page=3}}</ref> [[Marine Park (Brooklyn park)|Marine Park]] and [[Prospect Park (Brooklyn)|Prospect Park]] are the two largest parks in Brooklyn.<ref>{{cite news|last=Hughes|first=C.J.|date=August 21, 2016|title=Marine Park, Brooklyn: Block Parties, Bocce and Salt Air|website=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/21/realestate/marine-park-brooklyn-block-parties-bocce-and-salt-air.html|access-date=October 29, 2017|quote=The neighborhood of Marine Park, a compact enclave in southeast Brooklyn, has a major claim to fame. It sits next to the borough's largest park, Marine Park}}</ref> Since 2010, Brooklyn has evolved into a thriving hub of [[entrepreneurship]] and [[high tech]]nology [[Startup company|startup firms]],<ref>{{cite web|date=October 19, 2015|title=19 Reasons Why Brooklyn Is New York's New Startup Hotspot|url=https://www.cbinsights.com/blog/brooklyn-hot-startup-list-investments/|accessdate=August 27, 2017|publisher=CB Insights}}</ref><ref name="BrooklynDesignHub">{{cite news|author=Vanessa Friedman|date=April 30, 2016|title=Brooklyn's Wearable Revolution|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/01/fashion/brooklyn-wearables-revolution.html|accessdate=August 27, 2017}}</ref> and of [[postmodern art]] and design.<ref name="BrooklynDesignHub" /><ref name="BrooklynArt1">{{cite news|author=Alexandria Symonds|date=April 29, 2016|title=One Celebrated Brooklyn Artist's Futuristic New Practice|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/29/t-magazine/art/dustin-yellin-vr-google-tilt-brush-art.html|accessdate=August 27, 2017}}</ref>{{Wide image|Brooklyn from Governors Island September 2016 panorama.jpg|1400px|caption=<div align=center>[[Downtown Brooklyn]] skyline from [[Governors Island]] in September 2016.</div>|dir=rtl}}

==== Queens ====
[[Queens]] (Queens County), on Long Island north and east of Brooklyn, is geographically the largest borough, the most [[Ethnic diversity|ethnically diverse]] county in the United States,<ref name="queensdiverse">{{cite news|last=O'Donnell|first=Michelle|date=July 4, 2006|title=In Queens, It's the Glorious 4th, and 6th, and 16th, and 25th ...|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/07/04/nyregion/04fourth.html|accessdate=July 20, 2014}}</ref> and the most ethnically diverse urban area in the world.<ref name="QueensMostDiverseWorld1">{{cite news|author1=Christine Kim|author2=Demand Media|title=Queens, New York, Sightseeing|newspaper=USA Today|url=http://traveltips.usatoday.com/queens-new-york-sightseeing-107156.html|accessdate=March 20, 2016}}</ref><ref name="QueensMostDiverseWorld2">{{cite web|author=Andrew Weber|date=April 30, 2013|title=Queens|url=http://www.newyork.com/articles/neighborhoods/queens-72876/|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150513065643/http://www.newyork.com/articles/neighborhoods/queens-72876/|archivedate=May 13, 2015|accessdate=March 20, 2016|publisher=NewYork.com}}</ref> Historically a collection of small towns and villages founded by the Dutch, the borough has since developed both commercial and residential prominence. [[Downtown Flushing]] has become one of the busiest central core neighborhoods in the outer boroughs. Queens is the site of [[Citi Field]], the [[baseball stadium]] of the [[New York Mets]], and hosts the annual [[US Open (tennis)|U.S. Open tennis tournament]] at [[Flushing Meadows-Corona Park]]. Additionally, two of the three busiest airports serving the New York metropolitan area, [[John F. Kennedy International Airport]] and [[LaGuardia Airport]], are located in Queens. The third is [[Newark Liberty International Airport]] in [[Newark, New Jersey|Newark]], New Jersey.

==== The Bronx ====
[[The Bronx]] (Bronx County) is New York City's northernmost borough and the only New York City borough that lies mainly on the mainland United States. It is the location of [[Yankee Stadium]], the baseball park of the [[New York Yankees]], and home to the largest [[Housing cooperative|cooperatively owned housing]] complex in the United States, [[Co-op City, Bronx|Co-op City]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Frazier|first=Ian|date=June 26, 2006|title=Utopia, the Bronx|work=The New Yorker|url=https://www.newyorker.com/archive/2006/06/26/060626fa_fact_frazier|accessdate=September 1, 2008}}</ref> It is also home to the [[Bronx Zoo]], the world's largest metropolitan zoo,<ref name="BronxZoo">{{cite web|title=Bronx Zoo Animals & Exhibits|url=http://www.bronxzoo.com/animals-and-exhibits.aspx|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150114073313/http://bronxzoo.com/animals-and-exhibits.aspx|archivedate=January 14, 2015|accessdate=March 20, 2016|publisher=Wildlife Conservation Society}}</ref> which spans {{convert|265|acre|km2}} and houses more than 6,000 animals.<ref>{{cite book|last=Ward|first=Candace|title=New York City Museum Guide|publisher=Dover Publications|year=2000|isbn=978-0-486-41000-5|page=72}}</ref> The Bronx is also the birthplace of [[Rapping|rap]] and [[hip hop culture]].<ref name="auto">{{cite book|last=Toop|first=David|title=Rap Attack 2: African Rap to Global Hip Hop|publisher=Serpents Tail|year=1992|isbn=978-1-85242-243-1}}</ref> [[Pelham Bay Park]] is the largest park in New York City, at {{convert|2772|acre|ha}}.<ref name="nyt20130601">{{cite news|author=Foderaro, Lisa W.|date=May 31, 2013|title=How Big Is That Park? City Now Has the Answer|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/01/nyregion/surveying-effort-alters-sizes-of-some-new-york-parks.html|accessdate=May 31, 2013}}</ref>

==== Staten Island ====
[[Staten Island]] (Richmond County) is the most suburban in character of the five boroughs. Staten Island is connected to Brooklyn by the [[Verrazano-Narrows Bridge]], and to Manhattan by way of the free [[Staten Island Ferry]], a daily [[commuter]] ferry which provides unobstructed views of the [[Statue of Liberty]], [[Ellis Island]], and Lower Manhattan. In central Staten Island, the [[Staten Island Greenbelt]] spans approximately {{convert|2500|acres|km2|abbr=on}}, including {{convert|28|mi|km}} of walking trails and one of the last undisturbed forests in the city.<ref>{{cite web|title=Staten Island Greenbelt | New York-New Jersey Trail Conference|url=http://www.nynjtc.org/park/staten-island-greenbelt|accessdate=October 28, 2010|publisher=Nynjtc.org}}</ref> Designated in 1984 to protect the island's natural lands, the Greenbelt comprises seven city parks.<gallery class="center" widths="400" heights="200">
File:Long Island City from One World Observatory 2017.jpg|The growing skyline of [[Long Island City, Queens|Long Island City]], Queens,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-10-30/nyc-s-fastest-growing-neighborhood-gets-180-million-investment|title=NYC's Fastest-Growing Neighborhood Gets $180 Million Investment|author=Henry Goldman|date=October 30, 2018|publisher=Bloomberg, L.P|accessdate=October 30, 2018}}</ref> facing the East River in May 2017.
File:1650 Grand Concourse.jpg|The [[Grand Concourse (Bronx)|Grand Concourse]] in [[the Bronx]], foreground, with Manhattan in the background in February 2018.
File:Verrazano - Narrows Bridge4.jpg|The [[Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge]] connecting [[Staten Island]] to [[Brooklyn]] across [[The Narrows]].
</gallery>

=== Architecture ===
{{Further|Architecture of New York City|List of buildings, sites, and monuments in New York City|List of tallest buildings in New York City|List of hotels in New York City}}{{multiple image
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| footer = Clockwise, from upper left: The [[Empire State Building]] is a solitary icon of New York, defined by its [[setback (architecture)|setbacks]], Art Deco details, and spire as the [[List of tallest buildings and structures|world's tallest building]] from 1931 to 1970; the [[Chrysler Building]], built in 1930, is also a Manhattan icon in the [[Art Deco]] style, with ornamental [[hubcap]]s and its spire; [[Modern architecture|Modernist architecture]] juxtaposed with [[Gothic Revival architecture]] in [[Midtown Manhattan]]; and landmark 19th-century [[rowhouse]]s, including [[brownstone]]s, on tree-lined Kent Street in the [[Greenpoint, Brooklyn|Greenpoint Historic District]], Brooklyn.
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New York has architecturally noteworthy buildings in a wide range of styles and from distinct time periods, from the Dutch Colonial [[Wyckoff House|Pieter Claesen Wyckoff House]] in Brooklyn, the oldest section of which dates to 1656, to the modern [[One World Trade Center]], the skyscraper at [[World Trade Center site|Ground Zero]] in Lower Manhattan and the [[List of most expensive buildings in the world|most expensive office tower]] in the world by construction cost.<ref>{{cite web|title=As One World Trade Center soars, so do its costs|url=http://bottomline.msnbc.msn.com/_news/2012/01/31/10279406-as-one-world-trade-center-soars-so-do-its-costs|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120201180547/http://bottomline.msnbc.msn.com/_news/2012/01/31/10279406-as-one-world-trade-center-soars-so-do-its-costs|archivedate=February 1, 2012|accessdate=February 1, 2012|publisher=MSNBC}}</ref>

Manhattan's [[skyline]], with its many skyscrapers, is universally recognized, and the city has been home to several of the [[Skyscraper#History of the tallest skyscrapers|tallest buildings in the world]]. {{As of|2019}}, New York City had 6,455 high-rise buildings, the third most in world after Hong Kong and [[Seoul]].<ref>[https://www.emporis.com/statistics/skyline-ranking Skyline Ranking], [[Emporis]]. Retrieved February 9, 2017.</ref> Of these, {{As of|2011|lc=y}}, 550 completed structures were at least {{convert|330|ft|m|sp=us}} high, the second most in the world after Hong Kong,<ref>{{cite web|title=Emporis Skyline Ranking|url=http://www.emporis.com/application/?nav=skylineranking&lng=3|accessdate=October 23, 2011|publisher=Emporis Corporation}}</ref>{{Failed verification|date=March 2019}} with more than fifty completed [[List of tallest buildings in New York City|skyscrapers taller than {{convert|656|ft|m|sp=us}}]].{{Citation needed|date=March 2019}} These include the [[Woolworth Building]], an early example of [[Gothic Revival architecture]] in skyscraper design, built with massively scaled Gothic detailing; completed in 1913, for 17 years it was the world's tallest building.<ref>{{cite web|date=June 15, 2016|title=Alchemy borrows $220M for Woolworth conversion|url=http://rew-online.com/2016/06/15/alchemy-borrows-220m-for-woolworth-conversion/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170211080412/http://rew-online.com/2016/06/15/alchemy-borrows-220m-for-woolworth-conversion/|archive-date=February 11, 2017|access-date=February 9, 2017|work=[[Real Estate Weekly]]|quote=The neo-gothic Woolworth Building was commissioned by Frank W. Woolworth in 1910 as his eponymous company's new headquarters and designed by renowned architect Cass Gilbert. The building was completed in 1913 and was for 17 years the tallest building in the world.}}</ref>

The [[1916 Zoning Resolution]] required [[Setback (architecture)|setbacks]] in new buildings and restricted towers to a percentage of the [[Land lot|lot size]], to allow sunlight to reach the streets below.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Fischler|first=Raphael|year=1998|title=The Metropolitan Dimension of Early Zoning: Revisiting the 1916 New York City Ordinance|journal=[[Journal of the American Planning Association]]|volume=64|issue=2|pages=170–188|doi=10.1080/01944369808975974}}</ref> The [[Art Deco]] style of the [[Chrysler Building]] (1930) and [[Empire State Building]] (1931), with their tapered tops and steel [[spire]]s, reflected the zoning requirements. The buildings have distinctive ornamentation, such as the eagles at the corners of the 61st floor on the Chrysler Building, and are considered some of the finest examples of the [[Art Deco]] style.<ref>{{cite web|date=January 22, 2006|title=Favorites! 100 Experts Pick Their top 10 New York Towers|url=http://www.skyscraper.org/EXHIBITIONS/FAVORITES/fav_exhibits.htm#|accessdate=September 1, 2008|publisher=The Skyscraper Museum}}</ref> A highly influential example of the [[International style (architecture)|international style]] in the United States is the [[Seagram Building]] (1957), distinctive for its façade using visible bronze-toned [[I-beam]]s to evoke the building's structure. The [[Condé Nast Building]] (2000) is a prominent example of [[Sustainable design|green design]] in American skyscrapers<ref name="greenbuilding" /> and has received an award from the [[American Institute of Architects]] and AIA New York State for its design.

The character of New York's large residential districts is often defined by the elegant [[brownstone]] [[Terraced house|rowhouses]] and [[townhouse]]s and shabby [[tenement]]s that were built during a period of rapid expansion from 1870 to 1930.<ref>{{cite book|last=Plunz|first=Richard A.|title=History of Housing in New York City: Dwelling Type and Change in the American Metropolis|publisher=Columbia University Press|year=1990|isbn=978-0-231-06297-8|chapter=Chapters 3 [Rich and Poor] & 4 [Beyond the Tenement]}}</ref> In contrast, New York City also has neighborhoods that are less densely populated and feature free-standing dwellings. In neighborhoods such as [[Riverdale, Bronx|Riverdale]] (in the Bronx), [[Ditmas Park, Brooklyn|Ditmas Park]] (in Brooklyn), and [[Douglaston, Queens|Douglaston]] (in Queens), large single-family homes are common in various architectural styles such as [[Tudor Revival architecture|Tudor Revival]] and [[Victorian architecture|Victorian]].<ref>{{cite news|date=March 1, 1998|title=If You're Thinking of Living In/Riverdale, the Bronx; A Community Jealous of Its Open Space|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/03/01/realestate/if-you-re-thinking-living-riverdale-bronx-community-jealous-its-open-space.html|accessdate=February 10, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=September 17, 2001|title=New York Metro: 6 Affordable Neighborhoods|url=https://nymag.com/realestate/articles/affordable/ditmaspark.htm|accessdate=February 10, 2012|work=New York}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=February 8, 2004|title=If You're Thinking of Living In/Douglaston, Queens; Timeless City Area, With a Country Feel|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/02/08/realestate/if-you-re-thinking-living-douglaston-queens-timeless-city-area-with-country-feel.html|accessdate=February 10, 2012}}</ref>

Stone and brick became the city's building materials of choice after the construction of wood-frame houses was limited in the aftermath of the [[Great Fire of New York|Great Fire of 1835]].<ref name="lankevich-p82">Lankevich (1998), pp. 82–83; {{cite book|last=Wilson|first=Rufus Rockwell|url=https://archive.org/details/newyorkoldnewit01wilsgoog|title=New York: Old & New: Its Story, Streets, and Landmarks|publisher=J.B. Lippincott|year=1902|page=[https://archive.org/details/newyorkoldnewit01wilsgoog/page/n375 354]}}</ref> A distinctive feature of many of the city's buildings is the roof-mounted wooden [[water tower]]. In the 1800s, the city required their installation on buildings higher than six stories to prevent the need for excessively high water pressures at lower elevations, which could break municipal water pipes.<ref>{{cite web|last=Elliot|first=Debbie|date=December 2, 2006|title=Wondering About Water Towers|url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=6567297|accessdate=September 1, 2008|publisher=NPR}}</ref> [[Garden city movement|Garden apartments]] became popular during the 1920s in outlying areas, such as [[Jackson Heights, Queens|Jackson Heights]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Hood|first=Clifton|title=722 Miles: The Building of the Subways and How They Transformed New York|publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press|year=2004|isbn=978-0-8018-5244-2|pages=175–177}}</ref>

According to the [[United States Geological Survey]], an updated analysis of [[seismic hazard]] in July 2014 revealed a "slightly lower hazard for tall buildings" in New York City than previously assessed. Scientists estimated this lessened risk based upon a lower likelihood than previously thought of slow shaking near the city, which would be more likely to cause damage to taller structures from an earthquake in the vicinity of the city.<ref>{{cite web|last=Robertson|first=Jessica|last2=Petersen|first2=Mark|date=July 17, 2014|title=New Insight on the Nation's Earthquake Hazards|url=http://www.usgs.gov/blogs/features/usgs_top_story/new-insight-on-the-nations-earthquake-hazards/|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140811003539/http://www.usgs.gov/blogs/features/usgs_top_story/new-insight-on-the-nations-earthquake-hazards/|archivedate=August 11, 2014|accessdate=August 12, 2014|publisher=United States Geological Survey}}</ref>

=== Climate ===
{{main|Climate of New York City}}
[[File:DSC_4585_(8204033522).jpg|alt=The Queens–Midtown Tunnel is seen flooded in the aftermath of Hurricane Sandy.|thumb|[[Queens–Midtown Tunnel]] after flooding caused by [[Superstorm Sandy]] on October 29, 2012]]
Under the [[Köppen climate classification]], using the {{convert|0|°C|0}} isotherm, New York City features a [[humid subtropical climate]] ('''Cfa'''), and is thus the northernmost major city on the North American continent with this categorization. The suburbs to the immediate north and west lie in the transitional zone between humid subtropical and [[humid continental climate]]s ('''Dfa''').<ref name="Peel, M. C.; Finlayson, B. L.; McMahon, T. A">{{cite web|last=Peel|first=M.C.|last2=Finlayson|first2=B.L.|last3=McMahon|first3=T.A|title=World Map of Köppen-Geiger climate classification|url=/media/wikipedia/commons/b/bb/Koppen_World_Map_%28retouched_version%29.png|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150113015116//media/wikipedia/commons/b/bb/Koppen_World_Map_%28retouched_version%29.png|archivedate=January 13, 2015|accessdate=April 26, 2013|publisher=The University of Melbourne}}</ref><ref name="newyorkpolonia.com">{{cite web|title=New York Polonia Polish Portal in New York|url=http://www.newyorkpolonia.com/index.php?sitelg=en&p=localinfo|accessdate=April 26, 2013|publisher=NewYorkPolonia.com}}</ref> By the [[Trewartha climate classification|Trewartha classification]], the city is defined as having an [[oceanic climate]] ('''Do''').<ref>{{Cite web|title=Trewartha maps|url=https://kkh.ltrr.arizona.edu/kkh/climate/trewartha_maps.htm|access-date=January 30, 2019|website=kkh.ltrr.arizona.edu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Chapter 47. Global mapping|url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/004/y1997e/y1997e1g.htm|access-date=January 30, 2019|website=fao.org}}</ref> Annually, the city averages 234 days with at least some sunshine.<ref name="noaasun" /> The city lies in the [[USDA]] [[Hardiness zone|7b plant hardiness zone]].<ref>{{cite web|title=USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map|url=http://planthardiness.ars.usda.gov/PHZMWeb/#|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140227032333/http://planthardiness.ars.usda.gov/PHZMWeb/|archivedate=February 27, 2014|accessdate=February 24, 2014|publisher=Agricultural Research Center, PRISM Climate Group Oregon State University}}</ref>
[[File:Central_park_Bench_02765.jpg|alt=|thumb|Central Park in 2011 during the winter.]]
Winters are chilly and damp, and prevailing wind patterns that blow [[sea breeze]]s offshore temper the moderating effects of the Atlantic Ocean; yet the Atlantic and the partial shielding from colder air by the [[Appalachian Mountains]] keep the city warmer in the winter than inland North American cities at similar or lesser latitudes such as [[Pittsburgh]], [[Cincinnati]], and [[Indianapolis]]. The daily mean temperature in January, the area's coldest month, is {{convert|32.6|°F|1}};<ref name="NOAA txt">[http://w2.weather.gov/climate/local_data.php?wfo=okx] Accessed November 13, 2017.</ref> temperatures usually drop to {{convert|10|°F|0}} several times per winter,<ref name="NYC climate">{{cite web|title=The Climate of New York|url=http://nysc.eas.cornell.edu/climate_of_ny.html|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080412104922/http://nysc.eas.cornell.edu/climate_of_ny.html|archivedate=April 12, 2008|accessdate=July 6, 2012|publisher=New York State Climate Office}}</ref> and reach {{convert|60|°F}} several days in the coldest winter month. Spring and autumn are unpredictable and can range from cool to warm, although they are usually mild with low humidity. Summers are typically hot and humid, with a daily mean temperature of {{convert|76.5|°F|1}} in July.<ref name="NOAA txt" />

Nighttime temperatures are often enhanced due to the [[urban heat island]] effect. Daytime temperatures exceed {{convert|90|°F|0}} on average of 17 days each summer and in some years exceed {{convert|100|°F|0}}, although this is a rare achievement, last occurring on July 23, 2011.<ref name="New York City Weatherbox NOAA" /> Similarly, readings of {{convert|0|°F|0}} are also extremely rare, last occurring on February 14, 2016.<ref>https://www.weather.gov/media/okx/Climate/CentralPark/Below0DegreeDays.pdf</ref> Extreme temperatures have ranged from {{convert|−15|°F|0}}, recorded on February 9, 1934, up to {{convert|106|°F|0}} on July 9, 1936;<ref name="NOAA txt" /> the coldest recorded wind chill was {{convert|−37|°F|0}} on the same day as the all-time record low.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Pollak|first=Michael|date=January 10, 2014|title=Determining New York City's Record Wind Chill|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/01/12/nyregion/determining-new-york-citys-record-wind-chill.html}}</ref> The record cold daily maximum was {{convert|2|°F|0}} on December 30, 1917, while, conversely, the record warm daily minimum was {{convert|84|°F|0}}, last recorded on July 22, 2011.<ref name="New York City Weatherbox NOAA" /> The average water temperature of the nearby Atlantic Ocean ranges from {{convert|39.7|°F|1}} in February to {{convert|74.1|°F|1}} in August.<ref>{{cite web|title=New York City Sea Temperature—United States—Sea Temperatures|url=https://www.seatemperature.org/north-america/united-states/new-york-city.htm|website=World Sea Temperatures}}</ref>

The city receives {{convert|49.9|in|sigfig=3}} of precipitation annually, which is relatively evenly spread throughout the year. Average winter snowfall between 1981 and 2010 has been {{convert|25.8|in|cm|0}}; this varies considerably between years. [[Hurricane]]s and [[tropical storm]]s are rare in the New York area.<ref>{{cite news|last=Dolnick|first=Sam|date=August 28, 2011|title=Damage From Irene Largely Spares New York—Recovery Is Slower in New York Suburbs|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/08/29/nyregion/wind-and-rain-from-hurricane-irene-lash-new-york.html?pagewanted=all|accessdate=January 26, 2013}}</ref> [[Hurricane Sandy]] brought a destructive [[storm surge]] to New York City on the evening of October 29, 2012, flooding numerous streets, tunnels, and subway lines in Lower Manhattan and other areas of the city and cutting off electricity in many parts of the city and its suburbs.<ref>{{cite web|date=October 29, 2012|title=Superstorm Sandy blamed for at least 11 U.S. deaths as it slams East Coast|url=http://news.blogs.cnn.com/2012/10/29/hurricane-sandy-strengthens-to-85-mph/|accessdate=January 22, 2013|publisher=CNN}}</ref> The storm and its profound impacts have prompted the discussion of constructing [[seawall]]s and other coastal barriers around the shorelines of the city and the metropolitan area to minimize the risk of destructive consequences from another such event in the future.<ref>{{cite news|last=Stone|first=Jeff|last2=Gallucci|first2=Maria|date=October 29, 2014|title=Hurricane Sandy Anniversary 2014: Fortifying New York—How Well Armored Are We for the Next Superstorm?|newspaper=International Business Times|url=http://www.ibtimes.com/hurricane-sandy-anniversary-2014-fortifying-new-york-how-well-armored-are-we-next-1711729|accessdate=July 23, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Eshelman|first=Robert S.|date=November 15, 2012|title=ADAPTATION: Political support for a sea wall in New York Harbor begins to form|url=http://www.eenews.net/public/climatewire/2012/11/15/1|accessdate=July 23, 2015|publisher=E&E Publishing, LLC}}</ref>

The coldest month on record is January 1857, with a mean temperature of {{convert|-6.9|C|F|order=flip}} whereas the warmest months on record are July 1825 and July 1999, both with a mean temperature of {{convert|81.4|°F|1}}.<ref>{{cite web|title=Temperaturmonatsmittel NEW YORK CENTRAL PARK 1821–1987|url=http://old.wetterzentrale.de/klima/tnycp.html|accessdate=March 27, 2020|publisher=Wetterzentrale}}</ref> The warmest year on record is 2012, with a mean temperature of {{convert|57.4|°F|1}}. The coldest year is 1836, with a mean temperature of {{convert|8.5|C|F|order=flip}}.<ref>{{cite web|title=Temperaturmonatsmittel NEW YORK CENTRAL PARK 1821–1987|url=http://old.wetterzentrale.de/klima/tnycp.html|accessdate=March 27, 2020|publisher=Wetterzentrale}}</ref><ref>https://www.weather.gov/media/okx/Climate/CentralPark/warmcoldyearsmonths.pdf</ref> The driest month on record is June 1949, with {{convert|0.02|in|mm}} of rainfall. The wettest month was August 2011, with {{convert|18.95|in|mm}} of rainfall. The driest year on record is 1965, with {{convert|26.09|in|mm}} of rainfall. The wettest year was 1983, with {{convert|80.56|in|mm}} of rainfall.<ref>https://www.weather.gov/media/okx/Climate/CentralPark/wetdryyearsmonths.pdf</ref> The snowiest month on record is February 2010, with {{convert|36.9|in|cm}} of snowfall. The snowiest season ''(Jul–Jun)'' on record is 1995–1996, with {{convert|75.6|in|cm}} of snowfall. The least snowy season was 1972–1973, with {{convert|2.3|in|cm}} of snowfall.<ref>https://www.weather.gov/media/okx/Climate/CentralPark/monthlyseasonalsnowfall.pdf</ref> The earliest seasonal trace of snowfall occurred on October 10, in both 1979 and 1925. The latest seasonal trace of snowfall occurred on May 9, in both 2020 and 1977.<ref>[https://www.weather.gov/media/okx/Climate/CentralPark/extremes.pdf All-Time Extremes Central Park, NY (1869 to Present)], [[National Weather Service]], updated May 10, 2020. Accessed May 22, 2020.</ref>
{{New York City weatherbox}}
{{Graph:Weather monthly history
| table=ncei.noaa.gov/weather/New York City.tab
| title=New York City weather
}}

=== Parks ===
[[File:New_York_World's_Fair_August_1964.jpeg|alt=A spherical sculpture and several attractions line a park during a World's Fair.|right|thumb|[[Flushing Meadows–Corona Park]] was used in both the [[1939 New York World's Fair|1939]] and [[1964 New York World's Fair]], with the [[Unisphere]] as the centerpiece of the latter and which remains today.]]
The City of New York has a complex park system, with various lands operated by the [[National Park Service]], the [[New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation]], and the [[New York City Department of Parks and Recreation]]. In its 2018 ParkScore ranking, [[The Trust for Public Land]] reported that the park system in New York City was the ninth-best park system among the fifty most populous U.S. cities.<ref>{{cite web|title=ParkScore 2018: City Rankings|url=https://parkscore.tpl.org/rankings.php|access-date=November 8, 2018|website=[[The Trust for Public Land]]}}</ref> ParkScore ranks urban park systems by a formula that analyzes median park size, park acres as percent of city area, the percent of city residents within a half-mile of a park, spending of park services per resident, and the number of playgrounds per 10,000 residents.

==== National parks ====
{{main|National Park Service}}
[[File:Statue_of_Liberty,_NY.jpg|thumb|The [[Statue of Liberty]] on [[Liberty Island]] in [[New York Harbor]] is a symbol of the United States and its ideals of freedom, democracy, and opportunity.<ref>{{cite web|title=Statue of Liberty|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/307|accessdate=July 18, 2015|work=World Heritage|publisher=UNESCO}}</ref>]]
[[Gateway National Recreation Area]] contains over {{convert|26000|acres|km2}} in total, most of it surrounded by New York City,<ref>{{cite web|title=Discover the truly wild side of New York's metropolitan area|url=http://www.nps.gov/gate/index.htm|accessdate=June 11, 2012|publisher=nps.gov}}</ref> including the [[Jamaica Bay Wildlife Refuge]]. In Brooklyn and Queens, the park contains over {{convert|9000|acre|km2}} of [[salt marsh]], [[wetlands]], islands, and water, including most of [[Jamaica Bay]]. Also in Queens, the park includes a significant portion of the western [[Rockaway Peninsula]], most notably [[Jacob Riis Park]] and [[Fort Tilden]]. In Staten Island, Gateway National Recreation Area includes [[Fort Wadsworth]], with historic pre-Civil War era [[Battery Weed]] and [[Fort Tompkins Quadrangle|Fort Tompkins]], and [[Great Kills Park]], with beaches, trails, and a [[marina]].

The [[Statue of Liberty National Monument|Statue of Liberty National Monument and Ellis Island Immigration Museum]] are managed by the National Park Service and are in both the states of New York and [[New Jersey]]. They are joined in the harbor by [[Governors Island National Monument]], in New York. Historic sites under federal management on Manhattan Island include [[Castle Clinton National Monument]]; [[Federal Hall National Memorial]]; [[Theodore Roosevelt Birthplace National Historic Site]]; [[General Grant National Memorial]] ("Grant's Tomb"); [[African Burial Ground National Monument]]; and [[Hamilton Grange National Memorial]]. Hundreds of private properties are listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]] or as a [[National Historic Landmark]] such as, for example, the [[Stonewall Inn]], part of the [[Stonewall National Monument]] in [[Greenwich Village]], as the catalyst of the modern [[gay rights movement]].<ref name="KentuckyStonewall" /><ref name="PinkNewsStonewall" /><ref name="EncycloStonewall" /><ref name="NPSStonewall" /><ref name="ObamaStonewall" />

==== State parks ====
{{main|New York State Parks}}
There are seven state parks within the confines of New York City, including [[Clay Pit Ponds State Park Preserve]], a natural area that includes extensive [[Trail riding|riding trails]], and [[Riverbank State Park]], a {{convert|28|acre|ha|adj=on}} facility that rises {{convert|69|ft|m}} over the Hudson River.<ref>{{cite web|title=New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation, New York City Region|url=http://www.nysparks.state.ny.us/parks/93/details.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110215035615/http://www.nysparks.state.ny.us/parks/93/details.aspx|archive-date=February 15, 2011|accessdate=October 28, 2010|publisher=Nysparks.state.ny.us}}</ref>

==== City parks ====
{{see also|Parks and recreation in New York City}}
[[File:Central_Park_-_The_Pond_(48377220157).jpg|thumb|View of [[The Pond and Hallett Nature Sanctuary|The Pond]] and [[Midtown Manhattan]] from the [[Gapstow Bridge]] in [[Central Park]], one of the world's most visited tourist attractions, in 2019.]]
[[File:Zalophus_californianus_at_Bronx_Zoo.JPG|thumb|[[California sea lion]]s play at the [[Bronx Zoo]], the world's largest metropolitan zoo.<ref name="BronxZoo" />]]
New York City has over {{convert|28000|acre|km2}} of [[Urban park|municipal parkland]] and {{convert|14|mi|km}} of public beaches.<ref>{{cite web|date=February 3, 1999|title=Mayor Giuliani Announces Amount of Parkland in New York City has Passed {{convert|28000|acre|km2 |adj=on}} Mark|url=http://www.nyc.gov/html/om/html/99a/pr042-99.html|accessdate=September 1, 2008|publisher=New York City Mayor's Office}}; {{cite web|title=Beaches|url=http://www.nycgovparks.org/facilities/beaches|accessdate=September 1, 2008|publisher=New York City Department of Parks & Recreation}}</ref> The largest municipal park in the city is [[Pelham Bay Park]] in the Bronx, with {{convert|2772|acres|0|abbr=on}}.<ref name="nyt20130601" /><ref>{{cite web|title=Pelham Bay Park|url=http://www.nycgovparks.org/parks/pelham-bay-park|accessdate=June 8, 2012|publisher=City of New York}}</ref>

* [[Central Park]], an {{convert|843|acre|km2|adj=on}}<ref name="nyt20130601" /> park in middle-upper Manhattan, is the most visited urban park in the United States and one of the most filmed locations in the world, with 40 million visitors in 2013.<ref>{{cite web|author=Ann Shields|date=November 10, 2014|title=The World's 50 Most Visited Tourist Attractions—No. 4 (tie) Central Park, New York City—Annual Visitors: 40,000,000|url=http://www.travelandleisure.com/slideshows/worlds-most-visited-tourist-attractions/5|accessdate=March 27, 2016|publisher=Travel+Lesiure}}</ref> The park has a wide range of attractions; there are several lakes and ponds, two [[Ice rink|ice-skating rinks]], the [[Central Park Zoo]], the [[Central Park Conservatory Garden]], and the {{convert|106|acre|km2|adj=on}} Jackie Onassis Reservoir.<ref>[http://www.centralpark.com/things-to-do/attractions/reservoir/ The Rservoir], CentralPark.com. Retrieved October 20, 2017. "Officially named the Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis Reservoir in 1994, the Reservoir is famed for the 1.58-mile track that encircles the 106-acre body of water."</ref> Indoor attractions include [[Belvedere Castle]] with its nature center, the Swedish Cottage Marionette Theater, and the historic Carousel. On October 23, 2012, [[hedge fund]] manager [[John Paulson|John A. Paulson]] announced a $100 million gift to the [[Central Park Conservancy]], the largest ever monetary donation to New York City's park system.<ref>{{cite news|last=Foderaro|first=Lisa W.|date=October 23, 2012|title=A$100 Million Thank-You for a Lifetime's Central Park Memories|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/10/24/nyregion/billionaire-donates-100-million-to-central-park.html|accessdate=October 23, 2012}}</ref>
* [[Washington Square Park]] is a prominent landmark in the [[Greenwich Village]] neighborhood of Lower Manhattan. The [[Washington Square Arch]] at the northern gateway to the park is an iconic symbol of both [[New York University]] and Greenwich Village.
* [[Prospect Park (Brooklyn)|Prospect Park]] in Brooklyn has a {{convert|90|acre|ha|adj=on}} meadow, a lake, and extensive [[woodland]]s. Within the park is the historic Battle Pass, prominent in the Battle of Long Island.<ref>[https://www.prospectpark.org/learn-more/park-history-slideshow/ Park History], Prospect Park Alliance. Retrieved February 9, 2017.</ref>
* [[Flushing Meadows–Corona Park]] in Queens, with its {{convert|897|acres}} making it the city's fourth largest park,<ref>Foderaro, Lisa W. [https://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/01/nyregion/surveying-effort-alters-sizes-of-some-new-york-parks.html "How Big Is That Park? City Now Has the Answer"], ''[[The New York Times]]'', May 31, 2013. Retrieved February 9, 2017. "But the biggest loser was clearly Flushing Meadows. Previously the third-largest park in the city, it dropped to fourth place after the new analysis put its actual acreage at 897 (897.62 to be precise), down from 1,255 acres."</ref> was the setting for the [[1939 New York World's Fair|1939 World's Fair]] and the [[1964 New York World's Fair|1964 World's Fair]]<ref>[Flushing Meadows Corona Park World's Fair Legacy; Celebrating the 50th & 75th Anniversaries of the 1939 & 1964 Fairs], [[New York City Department of Parks and Recreation]]. Retrieved February 9, 2017.</ref> and is host to the [[USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center]] and the annual [[US Open (tennis)|U.S. Open Tennis Championships]] tournament.<ref>[https://www.nycgovparks.org/park-features/fmcp/usta-ntc-strategic-vision-project National Tennis Center Strategic Vision Project], [[New York City Department of Parks and Recreation]]. Retrieved February 9, 2017. "The 42-acre NTC is located within Flushing Meadows Corona Park on parkland leased by NYC Parks to USTA and is one of the world's largest public recreational tennis facilities. For 11 months of the year, NTC facilities are open to the public for indoor and outdoor tennis. The NTC is also host to the U.S. Open, one of the sport's four Grand Slam championship tennis tournaments."</ref>
* Over a fifth of the Bronx's area, {{convert|7000|acre|km2}}, is given over to open space and parks, including Pelham Bay Park, [[Van Cortlandt Park]], the [[Bronx Zoo]], and the [[New York Botanical Gardens]].<ref>via [[Associated Press]]. [https://www.nbcnews.com/id/25479453/ns/travel-destination_travel/t/ladies-gentlemen-bronx-blooming/ "Ladies and gentlemen, the Bronx is blooming!"], [[NBC News]], July 2, 2008. Retrieved February 9, 2017. "Despite its urban image, the Bronx has 7,000 acres of park land, about 25 percent of its total area. In addition to Yankee Stadium and the Bronx Zoo, the borough's green spaces include the New York Botanical Garden; a 19th-century garden overlooking the Hudson River called Wave Hill; and Van Cortlandt and Pelham Bay parks, where you can bird-watch, play golf and ride horses."</ref>
* In Staten Island, the [[Conference House Park]] contains the historic [[Conference House]], site of the only attempt of a peaceful resolution to the American Revolution which was conducted in September 1775, attended by [[Benjamin Franklin]] representing the Americans and [[Richard Howe, 1st Earl Howe|Lord Howe]] representing the [[British Crown]].<ref>[https://www.nycgovparks.org/parks/conference-house-park/highlights/10408 Conference House Park], [[New York City Department of Parks and Recreation]]. Retrieved February 9, 2017. "On September 11, 1776, this house was the site of a conference between British Lord Admiral Richard Howe and Founding Fathers Benjamin Franklin, John Adams, and Edward Rutledge. The talks occurred just two months after the Declaration of Independence had been signed. With the British controlling New York City, Long Island, and Staten Island, the Americans seemed headed for defeat. Lord Howe offered to end the conflict peacefully if the American colonies would return to British control, but the Americans refused to give up their struggle for independence."</ref> The historic [[Burial Ridge]], the largest Native American burial ground within New York City, is within the park.<ref>Jerome Jacobson, Mary Harris, James V. Taylor, Albert J. Anderson, William A. Ritchie, Robert E. Funk. [http://core.tdar.org/document/159627/burial-ridge-tottenville-staten-island-n-y-archaeology-at-new-york-citys-largest-prehistoric-cemetery ''Burial Ridge, Tottenville, Staten Island, N.Y.''], Staten Island Institute of Arts & Sciences, 1980, at The Digital Archaeological Record. Retrieved February 9, 2017.</ref>

=== Military installations ===
Brooklyn is home to [[Fort Hamilton]], the [[United States Armed Forces|U.S. military's]] only active duty installation within New York City,<ref>{{cite web|title=Map of Military Installations in the Contiguous US|url=http://www.nps.gov/nagpra/documents/BASES.PDF|accessdate=February 20, 2012|publisher=NPS.gov}}</ref> aside from [[U.S. Coast Guard|Coast Guard]] operations. The facility was established in 1825 on the site of a small battery utilized during the [[American Revolution]], and it is one of America's longest serving military forts.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=lI5ERUmHf3YC&printsec=frontcover&dq=encyclopedia+of+new+york|title=The History of New York City, 2nd Edition|publisher=Yale University Press|year=2010|isbn=978-0-300-11465-2|editor1-last=Jackson|editor1-first=Kenneth T.|location=New Haven|page=30}}</ref> Today Fort Hamilton serves as the headquarters of the [[North Atlantic Division]] of the [[United States Army Corps of Engineers]] and for the New York City Recruiting Battalion. It also houses the 1179th Transportation Brigade, the 722nd Aeromedical Staging Squadron, and a military entrance processing station. Other formerly active military reservations still utilized for [[United States National Guard|National Guard]] and military training or reserve operations in the city include [[Fort Wadsworth]] in Staten Island and [[Fort Totten (New York)|Fort Totten]] in Queens.

== Demographics ==
{{Main|Demographics of New York City|New York City ethnic enclaves|Demographic profile of New York City}}
{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="float:right; margin:0 0 0.5em 1em; text-align:right; font-size:90%;"
! colspan="4" style="background:tan; text-align:center" |City compared to State & U.S. 
|- style="background:#ccc; text-align:center;"
|'''[[2010 United States Census|2010 Census]]'''<ref name="QuickFacts2010">[https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/table/PST045216/3651000,36,00 QuickFacts for New York City / New York State / United States], [[United States Census Bureau]]. Retrieved February 9, 2017.</ref><ref>[https://www1.nyc.gov/assets/planning/download/pdf/data-maps/nyc-population/projections_report_2010_2040.pdf ''New York City Population Projections by Age/Sex & Borough, 2010–2040''], [[New York City Department of City Planning]], December 2013. Retrieved February 9, 2017.</ref>
|'''NY City'''
|'''NY State'''
|'''U.S.'''
|-
| align="left" |Total population
|8,175,133
|19,378,102
|308,745,538
|-
| align="left" |Population change, 2000 to 2010
| +2.1%
| +2.1%
| +9.7%
|-
| align="left" |Population density (people/sqmi)
|27,012.5
|411.2
|87.4
|-
| align="left" |Median household income (2015)
|$53,373
|$59,269
|$53,889
|-
| align="left" |Bachelor's degree or higher
|35.7%
|34.2%
|29.8%
|-
| align="left" |Foreign born
|37.2%
|22.5%
|13.2%
|-
| align="left" |White (non-Hispanic)
|44.0%
|65.7%
|72.4%
|-
| align="left" |Black
|25.5%
|15.9%
|12.6%
|-
| align="left" |Hispanic (any race)
|28.6%
|17.6%
|16.3%
|-
| align="left" |Asian
|12.7%
|7.3%
|4.8%
|}
{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="font-size: 90%;"
!Racial composition
!2010<ref name="QuickFacts2010" />
!1990<ref name="pop">{{cite web|title=Race and Hispanic Origin for Selected Cities and Other Places: Earliest Census to 1990|url=https://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0076/twps0076.html|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120812191959/http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0076/twps0076.html|archivedate=August 12, 2012|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau}}</ref>
!1970<ref name="pop" />
!1940<ref name="pop" />
|-
|[[White American|White]]
|44.0%
|52.3%
|76.6%
|93.6%
|-
|—[[Non-Hispanic whites|Non-Hispanic]]
|33.3%
|43.2%
|62.9%<ref name="fifteen">From 15% sample</ref>
|92.0%
|-
|[[African American|Black or African American]]
|25.5%
|28.7%
|21.1%
|6.1%
|-
|[[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]] (of any race)
|28.6%
|24.4%
|16.2%<ref name="fifteen" />
|1.6%
|-
|[[Asian American|Asian]]
|12.7%
|7.0%
|1.2%
|–
|}
{{Historical populations
|1698|4937
|1712|5840
|1723|7248
|1737|10664
|1746|11717
|1756|13046
|1771|21863
|1790|49401
|1800|79216
|1810|119734
|1820|152056
|1830|242278
|1840|391114
|1850|696115
|1860|1174779
|1870|1478103
|1880|1911698
|1890|2507414
|1900|3437202
|1910|4766883
|1920|5620048
|1930|6930446
|1940|7454995
|1950|7891957
|1960|7781984
|1970|7894862
|1980|7071639
|1990|7322564
|2000|8008278
|2010|8175133
|2019|8336817
|source=U.S. Decennial Census;<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|accessdate=June 4, 2016}}</ref> 
1698–1771: Greene and Harrington;<ref>{{cite book|last=Greene and Harrington|first=|title=American Population Before the Federal Census of 1790|location=New York|year=1932}} as cited in {{cite book|last=Rosenwaike|first=Ira|title=Population History of New York City|publisher=Syracuse University Press|year=1972|isbn=978-0-8156-2155-3|page=[https://archive.org/details/populationhistor00irar/page/8 8]|url=https://archive.org/details/populationhistor00irar/page/8 }}</ref> 
1790–1890: U.S. Census;<ref name="EncNYC">''[[The Encyclopedia of New York City]]'', ed. Kenneth T. Jackson (Yale 1995, {{ISBN|0-300-05536-6}}), p. 923, citing "U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Census of Population 1960 (vol. 1, part A, table 28), 1970, 1980, 1990". After annexing part of the Bronx in 1874, the population of the then-New York City was 1,206,299 in 1880 and 1,515,301 in 1890.</ref><ref>U.S. Census, from ''The [[World Almanac]] and Book of Facts'', 1929 (reprinted in 1971 by American Heritage Press and Workman Publishing, {{ISBN|0-07-071881-4}}), p. 503.</ref> 
1900–1990: U.S. Census;<ref>Gibson, Campbell. [https://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0027/twps0027.html "Population of the 100 Largest Cities and Other Urban Places in the United States: 1790 to 1990"], [[United States Census Bureau]], June 1998. Retrieved July 10, 2016.</ref> 
2000 and 2010: U.S. Census;<ref>[http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?src=CF "DP-1: Profile of General Demographic Characteristics: 2000 from the Census 2000 Summary File 1 (SF 1) 100-Percent Data for New York City"]{{dead link|date=July 2020|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}, [[United States Census Bureau]]. Retrieved February 9, 2017.</ref><ref>[http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?src=CF "DP-1: Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 from the 2010 Demographic Profile Data for New York City"]{{dead link|date=July 2020|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}, [[United States Census Bureau]]. Retrieved February 9, 2017.</ref><ref name=Roberts-census>{{cite news|last=Roberts|first=Sam|title=City Population Barely Grew in the '00s, Census Finds|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/25/nyregion/25census.html|accessdate=March 24, 2011|newspaper=The New York Times|date=March 24, 2011}}</ref>
|footnote={{nowrap|Note: Census figures (1790–2010) cover}} the present area of all five boroughs, before and after the 1898 consolidation. For New York City itself before annexing part of the Bronx in 1874, see [[Manhattan#Demographics]].<ref name="EncNYC"/>
}}
New York City is the most populous city in the United States,<ref name="2014NYCest2">{{cite news|title=New York City's Population Hits a Record 8.6 Million|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/22/nyregion/new-york-city-population.html|accessdate=March 22, 2018}}</ref> with an estimated 8,336,817 residents {{As of|2019|July|lc=y}},<ref name="2019estimate">{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/newyorkcitynewyork/PST045219 |title=U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: New York City |work=[[United States Census]] |access-date=May 16, 2020}}</ref> incorporating more immigration into the city than outmigration since the [[2010 United States Census]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Sherry|first=Virginia N.|date=March 27, 2014|title=Staten Island population at all-time high of 473,000; NYC's soars to record 8.4 million|newspaper=Staten Island Advance|url=http://www.silive.com/news/index.ssf/2014/03/staten_island_residents_number.html|accessdate=March 27, 2014}}</ref><ref name="nytimes_a">{{cite news|last=Roberts|first=Sam|date=March 14, 2013|title=Fewer People Are Abandoning the Bronx, Census Data Show|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/14/nyregion/more-people-moving-to-bronx-census-shows.html|accessdate=March 27, 2014}}</ref> More than twice as many people live in New York City as compared to Los Angeles, the second-most populous U.S. city,<ref name="2014NYCest2" /> and within a smaller area. New York City gained more residents between April 2010 and July 2014 (316,000) than any other U.S. city.<ref name="2014NYCest2" /> New York City's population is about 43% of New York State's population,<ref name="PopHousingEst">{{cite web|year=2016|title=ACS Demographic and Housing Estimates—2012–2016 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates—City Versus State|url=https://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/15_5YR/DP05/0400000US36%7C1600000US3651000|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200214004454/https://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/15_5YR/DP05/0400000US36%7C1600000US3651000|archive-date=February 14, 2020|access-date=October 8, 2018|website=American Fact Finder, United States Census Bureau}}</ref> and about 36% of the population of the [[New York metropolitan area]].<ref name="PopHousingEstMetro">{{cite web|year=2016|title=ACS Demographic and Housing Estimates—2012–2016 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates—City Versus Metro|url=https://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/15_5YR/DP05/1600000US3651000%7C330M200US408|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200214004528/https://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/15_5YR/DP05/1600000US3651000%7C330M200US408|archive-date=February 14, 2020|access-date=October 8, 2018|website=American Fact Finder, United States Census Bureau}}</ref>

=== Population density ===
In 2017, the city had an estimated population density of {{convert|28491|PD/sqmi}}, rendering it the nation's most densely populated of all municipalities (of more than 100,000), with several small cities (of fewer than 100,000) in adjacent [[Hudson County, New Jersey]] having [[List of United States cities by population density|greater density]], as per the 2010 census.<ref>[https://archive.today/20150526020006/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_SF1/GCTPH1.ST16/0400000US34 GCT-PH1: Population, Housing Units, Area, and Density: 2010—State—County Subdivision from the 2010 Census Summary File 1 for New Jersey], [[United States Census Bureau]]. Retrieved February 9, 2017.</ref> Geographically co-extensive with New York County, the borough of Manhattan's 2017 population density of {{convert|72918|PD/sqmi|PD/sqkm}} makes it the [[County statistics of the United States#Population density|highest of any county in the United States]] and [[List of United States cities by population density#New York City boroughs|higher than the density of any individual American city]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Mann|first=Camille|last2=Valera|first2=Stephanie|title=World's Most Crowded Islands|url=http://www.weather.com/travel/worlds-most-crowded-islands-photos-20130624?pageno=4|accessdate=June 27, 2013|publisher=The Weather Channel}}</ref><ref>[http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?src=CF GCT-PH1: Population, Housing Units, Area, and Density: 2010—County—County Subdivision and Place from the 2010 Census Summary File 1 for New York County, New York]{{dead link|date=July 2020|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}, [[United States Census Bureau]]. Retrieved February 9, 2017.</ref><ref>[https://www2.census.gov/geo/pdfs/reference/guidestloc/All_GSLCG.pdf ''Guide to State and Local Census Geography''], [[United States Census Bureau]]. Retrieved February 9, 2017.</ref><ref>[https://www.census.gov/popclock/embed.php?component=density Highest Density], [[United States Census Bureau]]. Retrieved February 9, 2017.</ref>

=== Race and ethnicity ===
{{further|:Category:Ethnic groups in New York City|Bangladeshis in New York City|Caribbeans in New York City|Chinese in New York City|Filipinos in New York City|Fuzhounese in New York City|Indians in New York City|Irish in New York City|Italians in New York City|Japanese in New York City|Koreans in New York City|Puerto Ricans in New York City|Russians in New York City|Ukrainians in New York City}}
[[File:Race_and_ethnicity_2010-_New_York_City_(5559914315).png|alt=|left|thumb|A map of racial distribution in New York, 2010 U.S. Census. Each dot is 25 people: '''White''', '''Black''', '''Asian''', '''Hispanic''' or '''Other''' (yellow)]]
The city's population in 2010 was 44% [[White American|white]] (33.3% non-Hispanic white), 25.5% [[African Americans|Black or African American]] (23% non-Hispanic black), 0.7% [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American or Alaska Native]], and 12.7% [[Asian Americans in New York City|Asian]].<ref name="census-est-nyc-ny">{{cite news|last=Saul|first=Michael Howard|date=March 27, 2014|title=New York City Population Hits Record High|newspaper=The Wall Street Journal|url=https://blogs.wsj.com/metropolis/2014/03/27/new-york-city-population-hits-record-high/|accessdate=March 27, 2014}}</ref> [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanics or Latinos]] of any race represented 28.6% of the population,<ref name="census-est-nyc-ny" /> while Asians constituted the fastest-growing segment of the city's population between 2000 and 2010; the [[Non-Hispanic Whites|non-Hispanic white]] population declined three percent, the smallest recorded decline in decades; and for the first time since the U.S. Civil War, the number of blacks declined over a decade.<ref name="Sam Roberts">{{cite news|last=Roberts|first=Sam|date=March 24, 2011|title=New York City's Population Barely Rose in the Last Decade, the Census Finds|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/25/nyregion/25census.html?_r=1&scp=9&sq=new%20york%20census%202010%20asians%20queens&st=cse|accessdate=May 1, 2011}}</ref> Throughout its history, New York has been a major [[port of entry]] for immigrants into the United States. More than 12 million [[European American|European]] immigrants were received at [[Ellis Island]] between 1892 and 1924.<ref>{{cite web|last=Jones|first=Charisse|date=September 24, 2008|title=Ellis Island strives to tell more complete immigration story|url=https://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2008-09-23-ellis-island_N.htm|accessdate=July 4, 2014|work=USA Today}}</ref> The term "[[melting pot]]" was first coined to describe densely populated immigrant neighborhoods on the [[Lower East Side, Manhattan|Lower East Side]]. By 1900, [[German American|Germans]] constituted the largest immigrant group, followed by the [[Irish American|Irish]], [[Ashkenazi Jews|Jews]], and [[Italian American|Italians]].<ref>{{cite EB1911|wstitle=New York City#Population|volume=19|page=617}}</ref> In 1940, whites represented 92% of the city's population.<ref name="pop" />

Approximately 37% of the city's population is [[foreign born]], and more than half of all children are born to mothers who are immigrants as of 2013.<ref name="CityDiversity">{{cite news|last=Semple|first=Kirk|date=June 8, 2013|title=City's Newest Immigrant Enclaves, From Little Guyana to Meokjagolmok|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2013/06/09/nyregion/new-york-citys-newest-immigrant-enclaves.html?pagewanted=all|accessdate=June 12, 2013}}</ref><ref name="NYC immigration">[https://www1.nyc.gov/assets/planning/download/pdf/data-maps/nyc-population/nny2013/nny_2013.pdf ''The Newest New Yorkers: 2013''], [[New York City Department of City Planning]], December 2013. Retrieved February 9, 2017. "The immigrant share of the population has also doubled since 1965, to 37 percent. With foreign-born mothers accounting for 51 percent of all births, approximately 6-in-10 New Yorkers are either immigrants or the children of immigrants."</ref> In New York, no single country or region of origin dominates.<ref name="CityDiversity" /> The ten largest sources of foreign-born individuals in the city {{As of|2011|lc=y}} were the [[Dominican Republic]], [[Chinese Americans in New York City|China]], [[Mexico]], [[Guyanese American|Guyana]], [[Jamaica]], [[Ecuador]], [[Haiti]], [[Indians in the New York City metropolitan region|India]], [[Russian Americans in New York City|Russia]], and [[Caribbeans in New York City|Trinidad and Tobago]],<ref>{{cite news|last=Semple|first=Kirk|date=December 18, 2013|title=Immigration Remakes and Sustains City, a Report Concludes|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/19/nyregion/chinese-diaspora-transforms-new-yorks-immigrant-population-report-finds.html|accessdate=December 18, 2013}}</ref> while the [[Bangladeshi American|Bangladeshi-born]] immigrant population has become one of the fastest growing in the city, counting over 74,000 by 2011.<ref name="NYCHighestForeignBorn" /><ref>{{cite news|last=Goldstein|first=Joseph|date=November 28, 2013|title=Bangladeshis Build Careers in New York Traffic|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/11/29/nyregion/bangladeshis-build-careers-in-new-york-traffic.html?hpw&rref=nyregion&_r=0|accessdate=November 28, 2013}}</ref>
{{multiple image
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[[Asian Americans in New York City]], according to the 2010 census, number more than one million, greater than the combined totals of [[San Francisco]] and [[Los Angeles]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Semple|first=Kirk|date=June 23, 2011|title=Asian New Yorkers Seek Power to Match Numbers|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/24/nyregion/asian-new-yorkers-asian-new-yorkers-seek-power-to-match-surging-numbers.html|accessdate=July 5, 2011|quote=Asians, a group more commonly associated with the West Coast, are surging in New York, where they have long been eclipsed in the city's kaleidoscopic racial and ethnic mix. For the first time, according to census figures released in the spring, their numbers have topped one million—nearly one in eight New Yorkers—which is more than the Asian population in the cities of San Francisco and Los Angeles combined.}}</ref> New York contains the highest total Asian population of any U.S. city proper.<ref>{{cite web|title=Asian American Statistics|url=http://www.ameredia.com/resources/demographics/asian_american.html|accessdate=July 5, 2011|publisher=Améredia Incorporated}}</ref> The New York City borough of Queens is home to the state's largest Asian American population and the largest [[Andes|Andean]] ([[Colombian American|Colombian]], [[Ecuadorian American|Ecuadorian]], [[Peruvian American|Peruvian]], and [[Bolivian American|Bolivian]]) populations in the United States, and is also the most ethnically diverse urban area in the world.<ref name="QueensMostDiverseWorld1" /><ref name="QueensMostDiverseWorld2" />

The Chinese population constitutes the fastest-growing nationality in New York State; multiple satellites of the original [[Chinatown, Manhattan|Manhattan Chinatown]], in [[Chinatown, Brooklyn|Brooklyn]], and around [[Chinatown, Flushing|Flushing, Queens]], are thriving as traditionally urban enclaves—while also expanding rapidly eastward into suburban [[Nassau County, New York|Nassau County]]<ref>{{cite web|title=State & County QuickFacts Nassau County, New York QuickLinks|url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/36/36059lk.html|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141007193506/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/36/36059lk.html|archivedate=October 7, 2014|accessdate=July 18, 2014|publisher=United States Census Bureau}}</ref> on [[Long Island]],<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Shao|first=Heng|date=April 10, 2014|title=Join The Great Gatsby: Chinese Real Estate Buyers Fan Out To Long Island's North Shore|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/hengshao/2014/04/10/chinese-real-estate-buyers-fan-out-to-long-islands-north-shore/|magazine=Forbes|accessdate=August 2, 2014}}</ref> as the New York metropolitan region and New York State have become the top destinations for new Chinese immigrants, respectively, and large-scale [[Chinese emigration|Chinese immigration]] continues into New York City and surrounding areas,<ref name="Immigrants2014est">{{cite web|title=Supplemental Table 2. Persons Obtaining Lawful Permanent Resident Status by Leading Core Based Statistical Areas (CBSAs) of Residence and Region and Country of Birth: Fiscal Year 2014|url=https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/immsuptable2d_5.xls|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160804064953/https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/immsuptable2d_5.xls|archivedate=August 4, 2016|accessdate=June 1, 2016|publisher=U.S. Department of Homeland Security}}</ref><ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite web|title=Yearbook of Immigration Statistics: 2011 Supplemental Table 2|url=https://www.dhs.gov/files/statistics/publications/LPR11.shtm|accessdate=July 18, 2014|publisher=U.S. Department of Homeland Security}}</ref><ref name="Chinese2013est">{{cite web|title=Yearbook of Immigration Statistics: 2013 Lawful Permanent Residents Supplemental Table 2|url=https://www.dhs.gov/yearbook-immigration-statistics-2013-lawful-permanent-residents|accessdate=July 18, 2014|publisher=U.S. Department of Homeland Security}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Yearbook of Immigration Statistics: 2013 Lawful Permanent Residents Supplemental Table 1|url=https://www.dhs.gov/yearbook-immigration-statistics-2013-lawful-permanent-residents|accessdate=July 18, 2014|publisher=U.S. Department of Homeland Security}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Yearbook of Immigration Statistics: 2010 Supplemental Table 2|url=https://www.dhs.gov/files/statistics/publications/LPR10.shtm|accessdate=February 24, 2013|publisher=U.S. Department of Homeland Security}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Marzulli|first=John|date=May 9, 2011|title=Malaysian man smuggled illegal Chinese immigrants into Brooklyn using Queen Mary 2: authorities|newspaper=[[The New York Daily News]]|location=New York|url=http://articles.nydailynews.com/2011-05-09/news/29541916_1_illegal-chinese-immigrants-qm2-queen-mary|url-status=live|accessdate=February 24, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150505034445/http://www.nydailynews.com/news/world/malaysian-man-smuggled-illegal-chinese-immigrants-brooklyn-queen-mary-2-authorities-article-1.143516|archive-date=May 5, 2015}}</ref> with the largest metropolitan Chinese diaspora outside Asia,<ref name="NYCHighestForeignBorn" /><ref>{{cite web|date=January 25, 2012|title=Chinese New Year 2012 in Flushing|url=http://www.queensbuzz.com/flushing-neighborhood-corona-neighborhood-cms-302|accessdate=May 2, 2013|publisher=QueensBuzz.com}}</ref> including an estimated 812,410 individuals in 2015.<ref>{{cite web|title=Selected Population Profile in the United States 2015 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates New York-Newark, NY-NJ-CT-PA CSA Chinese alone|url=https://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/15_1YR/S0201/330M200US408/popgroup~016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200214001953/https://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/15_1YR/S0201/330M200US408/popgroup~016|archive-date=February 14, 2020|accessdate=April 2, 2017|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref>

In 2012, 6.3% of New York City was of [[Chinese American|Chinese ethnicity]], with nearly three-fourths living in either Queens or Brooklyn, geographically on Long Island.<ref>{{cite web|title=U.S. Census website|url=https://www.census.gov|accessdate=July 19, 2014|publisher=United States Census Bureau}}</ref> A community numbering 20,000 [[Koreans in China|Korean-Chinese]] (''Chaoxianzu'' or ''Joseonjok'') is centered in [[Flushing, Queens]], while New York City is also home to the largest [[Tibetan people|Tibetan]] population outside China, India, and [[Nepal]], also centered in Queens.<ref name="UnreachedNY">{{cite web|date=July 17, 2012|title=Most Significant Unreached People Group Communities in Metro NY|url=http://www.globalgates.info/church-plant-needs-among-unreached/|accessdate=October 27, 2014|publisher=GLOBAL GATES}}</ref> [[Korean Americans in New York City|Koreans]] made up 1.2% of the city's population, and [[Japanese in New York City|Japanese]] 0.3%. [[Filipinos in the New York City metropolitan region|Filipinos]] were the largest [[Southeast Asian]] ethnic group at 0.8%, followed by [[Vietnamese American|Vietnamese]], who made up 0.2% of New York City's population in 2010. [[Indian American|Indians]] are the largest [[South Asian]] group, comprising 2.4% of the city's population, with Bangladeshis and [[Pakistani American|Pakistanis]] at 0.7% and 0.5%, respectively.<ref>[https://www1.nyc.gov/assets/planning/download/pdf/data-maps/nyc-population/census2010/t_sf1_p9_nyc.pdf Table SF1-P9 NYC: Total Asian Population by Selected Subgroups], [[New York City Department of City Planning]]. Retrieved February 9, 2017.</ref> Queens is the preferred borough of settlement for Asian Indians, Koreans, Filipinos and [[Malaysian Americans|Malaysians]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Queens County, New York QuickFacts|url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/36/36081.html|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808084246/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/36/36081.html|archivedate=August 8, 2014|accessdate=August 13, 2014|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau}}</ref><ref name="Immigrants2014est" /> and other Southeast Asians;<ref>{{cite web|last=Roleke|first=John|title=A Growing Chinatown in Elmhurst|url=http://queens.about.com/od/photogalleries/ig/Photos-of-Elmhurst/Elmhurst-Chinatown-.htm|accessdate=August 13, 2014|publisher=About.com}}</ref> while Brooklyn is receiving large numbers of both [[West Indian American|West Indian]] and Asian Indian immigrants.

New York City has the largest [[European American|European]] and [[Non-Hispanic whites|non-Hispanic white]] population of any American city. At 2.7 million in 2012, New York's non-Hispanic white population is larger than the non-Hispanic white populations of Los Angeles (1.1 million), Chicago (865,000), and Houston (550,000) combined.<ref>{{cite web|title=American FactFinder—Results|url=http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_12_1YR_DP05&prodType=table|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200212212412/http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_12_1YR_DP05&prodType=table|archive-date=February 12, 2020|accessdate=October 8, 2014|publisher=U.S. Department of Commerce}}</ref> The non-Hispanic white population was 6.6 million in 1940.<ref>{{cite web|title=Historical Census Statistics On Population Totals By Race, 1790 to 1990, and By Hispanic Origin, 1970 to 1990|url=https://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0076/twps0076.html|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120812191959/http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0076/twps0076.html|archivedate=August 12, 2012|work=Population Division Working Paper|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau}}</ref> The non-Hispanic white population has begun to increase since 2010.<ref>{{cite news|date=July 1, 2014|title=Census Estimates Show Another Increase in New York City's Non-Hispanic White Population|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/01/nyregion/census-estimates-show-another-increase-in-new-york-citys-non-hispanic-white-population.html}}</ref>

The [[European diaspora]] residing in the city is very diverse. According to 2012 Census estimates, there were roughly 560,000 Italian Americans, 385,000 Irish Americans, 253,000 [[German American]]s, 223,000 [[Russian Americans in New York City|Russian Americans]], 201,000 [[Polish American]]s, and 137,000 [[English American]]s. Additionally, [[Greek American|Greek]] and [[French American]]s numbered 65,000 each, with those of [[Hungarian American|Hungarian]] descent estimated at 60,000 people. [[Ukrainian American|Ukrainian]] and [[Scottish American]]s numbered 55,000 and 35,000, respectively. People identifying ancestry from Spain numbered 30,838 total in 2010.<ref name="HispanicLatino">{{cite web|title=Hispanic or Latino by Type: 2010|url=http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=DEC_10_SF1_QTP10&prodType=table|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200212213707/http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=DEC_10_SF1_QTP10&prodType=table|archive-date=February 12, 2020|accessdate=October 8, 2014|publisher=United States Census Bureau}}</ref>

People of [[Norwegian American|Norwegian]] and [[Swedish American|Swedish]] descent both stood at about 20,000 each, while people of [[Czech American|Czech]], [[Lithuanian American|Lithuanian]], [[Portuguese American|Portuguese]], [[Scotch-Irish American|Scotch-Irish]], and [[Welsh American|Welsh]] descent all numbered between 12,000 and 14,000.<ref>{{cite web|title=American FactFinder—Results|url=http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_12_1YR_DP02&prodType=table|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20150316025439/http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_12_1YR_DP02&prodType=table|archive-date=March 16, 2015|accessdate=October 8, 2014|publisher=United States Census Bureau}}</ref> [[Arab American]]s number over 160,000 in New York City,<ref>{{cite web|title=A Community of Many Worlds: Arab Americans in New York City|url=http://www.allied-media.com/Arab-American/NY-Arabs.htm|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141108212113/http://www.allied-media.com/Arab-American/NY-Arabs.htm|archivedate=November 8, 2014|accessdate=October 9, 2014|publisher=Allied Media Corp}}</ref> with the highest concentration in Brooklyn. [[Demographics of Central Asia|Central Asians]], primarily [[Uzbek American]]s, are a rapidly growing segment of the city's non-Hispanic white population, enumerating over 30,000, and including more than half of all Central Asian immigrants to the United States,<ref>{{cite web|title=Yearbook of Immigration Statistics: 2013 Lawful Permanent Residents Supplemental Table 2|url=https://www.dhs.gov/yearbook-immigration-statistics-2013-lawful-permanent-residents|accessdate=July 19, 2014|publisher=U.S. Department of Homeland Security}}</ref> most settling in Queens or Brooklyn. [[Albanian American]]s are most highly concentrated in the Bronx.<ref>{{cite web|last=Ragaru|first=Nadège|last2=Dymi|first2=Amilda|title=The Albanian-American Community in the United States : A Diaspora Coming to Visibility|url=http://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/14/75/88/PDF/The_Albanian-American_Community_in_the_United_States.pdf|accessdate=July 29, 2014}}</ref>

The wider New York City metropolitan statistical area, with more than twenty million people, about fifty percent more than second-place [[Los Angeles metropolitan area|Los Angeles]],<ref name="MetroEst" /> is also [[Ethnic diversity|ethnically diverse]],<ref>{{cite web|last=Gordon|first=Ian|last2=Travers|first2=Tony|last3=Whitehead|first3=Christine|author4=London School of Economics and Political Science|date=July 2007|title=The Impact of Recent Immigration on the London Economy|url=http://www.lse.ac.uk/geographyAndEnvironment/research/london/pdf/theimpactofrecentimmigrationonthelondoneconomy.pdf|accessdate=September 8, 2013|publisher=The City of London Corporation}}</ref> with the largest [[Foreign born#Metropolitan regions with largest foreign born populations|foreign-born population of any metropolitan region]] in the world. The New York region continues to be by far the leading metropolitan gateway for legal immigrants admitted into the United States, substantially exceeding the combined totals of Los Angeles and [[Miami metropolitan area|Miami]].<ref name="Immigrants2014est" /> It is home to the largest [[Jews in New York City|Jewish]] and [[Israeli American|Israeli]] communities outside [[Israel]], with the Jewish population in the region numbering over 1.5 million in 2012 and including many diverse Jewish sects, predominantly from around the Middle East and Eastern Europe, and including a rapidly growing [[Orthodox Jewish]] population, the largest outside [[Israel]].<ref name="UnreachedNY" />

The metropolitan area is also home to 20% of the nation's [[Indians in the New York City metropolitan region|Indian Americans]] and at least 20 [[Little India (location)|Little India]] enclaves, and 15% of all [[Korean Americans in New York City|Korean Americans]] and four [[Koreatown, Manhattan|Koreatowns]];<ref name="factfinder2.census">{{cite web|title=Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data Geography: New York-Newark-Bridgeport, NY-NJ-CT-PA CSA|url=http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=DEC_10_DP_DPDP1|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200212055711/http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=DEC_10_DP_DPDP1|archive-date=February 12, 2020|accessdate=September 2, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data Geography: United States|url=http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=DEC_10_DP_DPDP1|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200212055711/http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=DEC_10_DP_DPDP1|archive-date=February 12, 2020|accessdate=September 2, 2012|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau}}</ref> the largest [[Asian Indian]] population in the Western Hemisphere; the largest Russian American,<ref name="autogenerated1" /> Italian American, and African American populations; the largest [[Dominican American]], [[Puerto Rican migration to New York City|Puerto Rican American]], and South American<ref name="autogenerated1" /> and second-largest overall [[Hispanic and Latino American|Hispanic]] population in the United States, numbering 4.8 million;<ref name="HispanicLatino" /> and includes multiple established [[Chinatown]]s within New York City alone.<ref>{{cite news|last=Semple|first=Kirk|date=June 23, 2011|title=Asian New Yorkers Seek Power to Match Numbers|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/24/nyregion/asian-new-yorkers-asian-new-yorkers-seek-power-to-match-surging-numbers.html?scp=1&sq=asians&st=cse|accessdate=September 2, 2012}}</ref>

Ecuador, [[Colombia]], Guyana, [[Peru]], and [[Brazil]] were the top source countries from South America for legal immigrants to the New York City region in 2013; the Dominican Republic, [[Jamaica]], Haiti, and Trinidad and Tobago in the [[Caribbeans in New York City|Caribbean]]; [[Egypt]], [[Ghana]], and [[Nigeria]] from Africa; and [[El Salvador]], [[Honduras]], and [[Guatemala]] in Central America.<ref>{{cite web|title=Persons Obtaining Lawful Permanent Resident Status by Leading Core Based Statistical Areas (CBSAs) of Residence and Region and Country of Birth: Fiscal Year 2013|url=https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/immigration-statistics/yearbook/2013/LPR/immsuptable2d.xls|accessdate=March 6, 2015|publisher=United States Department of Homeland Security}}</ref> Amidst a resurgence of [[Puerto Rican migration to New York City]], this population had increased to approximately 1.3 million in the metropolitan area {{As of|2013|lc=y}}.

Since 2010, a ''[[Little Australia]]'' has emerged and is growing rapidly representing the [[Australasia]]n presence in [[Nolita, Manhattan]].<ref name="LittleAustraliaNYC">{{cite web|author=Shaun Busuttil|date=November 3, 2016|title=G-day! Welcome to Little Australia in New York City|url=https://karryon.com.au/lifestyle/travel-inspiration/crikey-welcome-to-little-australia-in-new-york-city/|accessdate=May 23, 2019|publisher=KarryOn|quote=In Little Australia, Australian-owned cafes are popping up all over the place (such as Two Hands), joining other Australian-owned businesses (such as nightclubs and art galleries) as part of a growing green and gold contingent in NYC. Indeed, walking in this neighbourhood, the odds of your hearing a fellow Aussie ordering a coffee or just kicking back and chatting are high—very high—so much so that if you're keen to meet other Aussies whilst taking your own bite out of the Big Apple, then this is the place to throw that Australian accent around like it's going out of fashion!}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=October 3, 2017|title=Why Are There So Many Australians in New York?|url=https://newyork.cbslocal.com/2017/10/03/little-australia/}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Emma Reynolds|date=July 30, 2018|title=Australia's secret weapon is quietly changing New York|url=https://www.news.com.au/lifestyle/food/eat/australias-secret-weapon-is-quietly-changing-new-york/news-story/c9d562e08881824b60ea58d8242f79da|accessdate=June 4, 2019|publisher=news.com.au|quote=THERE'S a quiet revolution taking place across the Big Apple, and it all stems from Down Under.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Siobhan Gunner|title=The Australian Cafés Taking Over The NYC Breakfast Scene|url=https://www.justopenednewyork.com/australian-cafes-taking-nyc-breakfast-scene|accessdate=June 4, 2019|publisher=Just Opened New York}}</ref> In 2011, there were an estimated 20,000 Australian residents of New York City, nearly quadruple the 5,537 in 2005.<ref>[http://gothamist.com/2014/06/09/australians_everywhere.php] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304144518/http://gothamist.com/2014/06/09/australians_everywhere.php|date=March 4, 2016}} Accessed June 1, 2019.</ref><ref>[https://www.eater.com/2018/9/17/17856164/australian-coffee-cafe-trend-america-flat-whites-avocado-toast] Accessed June 1, 2019.</ref> [[Qantas Airways]] of Australia and [[Air New Zealand]] have been exploring the possibilities of [[long-haul flight]]s from New York to Sydney and [[Auckland]], respectively, which would both rank among the longest [[non-stop flight]]s in the world.<ref name="NYCAuckland">{{cite web|date=May 27, 209|title=Auckland-New York step closer thanks to Air NZ Boeing purchase|url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/travel/news/113026923/aucklandnew-york-step-closer-thanks-to-air-nz-boeing-purchase|accessdate=June 2, 2019|publisher=Stuff}}</ref><ref name="QantasLinkingNYCAustralia">[https://www.qantas.com/us/en/flight-deals/international/flights-to-sydney/new-york.html/jfk/syd/economy/lowest] Accessed May 23, 2019.</ref> A Little [[Sri Lanka]] has developed in the [[Tompkinsville, Staten Island|Tompkinsville]] neighborhood of Staten Island.<ref>{{cite web|date=October 8, 2019|title=Little Sri Lanka: An Island Nation Unites on Staten Island|url=https://www.ny1.com/nyc/all-boroughs/street-level/2019/10/07/little-sri-lanka--an-island-nation-unites-on-staten-island|accessdate=October 12, 2019|publisher=[[Charter Communications]]}}</ref>

=== Sexual orientation and gender identity ===
{{main|LGBT culture in New York City|List of LGBTQ people from New York City}}
{{further|Stonewall riots|New York City Drag March|New York City LGBT Pride March|Queens Pride Parade|Same-sex marriage in New York}}{{multiple image
| align = right
| perrow = 2
| total_width = 370
| image1 = Model Geena Rocero Coming out Transgender (13563189244).jpg
| width1 = 600
| height1 = 400
| image2 = QueensPrideParade2018Caribbeangroup.jpg
| width3 = 600
| height3 = 400
| image3 = June 3, 2018 Queens Pride Parade.jpg
| width4 = 550
| height4 = 350
| image4 = Pride Parade New York June 28, 2015 8.jpg
| width2 = 550
| height2 = 350
| footer = Clockwise, from upper left: [[Filipinos in the New York metropolitan area|Philippine]]-born [[Geena Rocero]] introducing [[International Transgender Day of Visibility]]; [[Caribbean people|Caribbean NYC-LGBTQ Equality Project]]; the 2015 [[LGBT Pride March (New York City)|Manhattan LGBT Pride March]], the world's largest;<ref name="NYCWorld'sLargestPrideParade"/><ref name="NYCWorld'sMediaCapitalLargestPrideParade">{{cite web |url=https://www.lgbtqnation.com/2017/05/first-nyc-pridefest-will-televised/ |title=ABC will broadcast New York's pride parade live for the first time |author=Dawn Ennis |publisher=LGBTQ Nation |date=May 24, 2017 |accessdate=September 26, 2018}}</ref> and the [[Ethnic diversity|Multicultural Festival]] at the 2018 [[Queens Pride Parade]].
}}
The New York metropolitan area is home to a prominent self-identifying [[Gays in New York City|gay]] and [[Bisexuality|bisexual]] community estimated at nearly 570,000 individuals, [[LGBT demographics of the United States#By metropolitan area|the largest in the United States]] and one of the world's largest.<ref>{{cite web|last=Gates|first=Gary J.|title=Same-sex Couples and the Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual Population: New Estimates from the American Community Survey|url=http://williamsinstitute.law.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/Gates-Same-Sex-Couples-GLB-Pop-ACS-Oct-2006.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130609015224/http://williamsinstitute.law.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/Gates-Same-Sex-Couples-GLB-Pop-ACS-Oct-2006.pdf|archive-date=June 9, 2013|accessdate=December 7, 2013|publisher=The Williams Institute on Sexual Orientation}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Silverman|first=Brian|url=https://books.google.com/?id=fIAuxa6ic9EC&pg=PT703&lpg=PT703&dq=new+york+one+of+the+largest+world+gay+population#v=onepage&q=new%20york%20one%20of%20the%20largest%20world%20gay%20population&f=false|title=Frommer's New York City 2013|last2=Chauvin|first2=Kelsy|year=2013|isbn=978-1-118-33144-6|accessdate=March 24, 2015}}</ref> [[Same-sex marriage in New York|Same-sex marriages in New York]] were legalized on June 24, 2011 and were authorized to take place beginning 30 days thereafter.<ref>{{cite news|last=Confessore|first=Nicholas|last2=Barbaro|first2=Michael|date=June 24, 2011|title=New York Allows Same-Sex Marriage, Becoming Largest State to Pass Law|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/25/nyregion/gay-marriage-approved-by-new-york-senate.html?_r=1&hp|accessdate=September 2, 2012}}</ref> Charles Kaiser, author of ''The Gay Metropolis: The Landmark History of Gay Life in America'', wrote that in the era after [[World War II]], "New York City became the literal gay metropolis for hundreds of thousands of immigrants from within and without the United States: the place they chose to learn how to live openly, honestly and without shame."<ref>Kaiser, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=HO7IKU79zgAC&pg=PR14 xiv] Accessed March 28, 2017.</ref>

The annual [[New York City Pride March]] (or [[New York City LGBT Pride March|gay]] [[Pride march|pride parade]]) traverses southward down [[Fifth Avenue]] and ends at [[Greenwich Village, Manhattan|Greenwich Village]] in Lower Manhattan; the parade rivals the [[Sao Paulo Gay Pride Parade]] as the largest pride parade in the world, attracting tens of thousands of participants and millions of sidewalk spectators each June.<ref name="NYCWorld'sLargestPrideParade">{{cite web|date=June 25, 2017|title=Revelers Take to the Streets For 48th Annual NYC Pride March|url=http://newyork.cbslocal.com/2017/06/25/48th-nyc-pride-march/|accessdate=June 26, 2017|publisher=CBS New York|quote=A sea of rainbows took over the Big Apple for the biggest pride parade in the world Sunday.}}</ref><ref name="NYCWorld'sMediaCapitalLargestPrideParade" /> The annual [[Queens Pride Parade]] is held in [[Jackson Heights, Queens|Jackson Heights]] and is accompanied by the ensuing ''Multicultural Parade''.<ref name="NYCTrans">{{cite news|author=Bill Parry|date=July 10, 2018|title=Elmhurst vigil remembers transgender victims lost to violence and hate|newspaper=Daily News|location=New York|url=https://www.timesledger.com/stories/2016/48/transvigil_2016_11_25_q.html|url-status=dead|accessdate=April 13, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190213003206/https://www.timesledger.com/stories/2016/48/transvigil_2016_11_25_q.html|archive-date=February 13, 2019}}</ref> [[Stonewall 50 – WorldPride NYC 2019]] was the [[List of largest LGBT events|largest international Pride celebration]] in history, produced by [[Heritage of Pride]] and enhanced through a partnership with the [[I Love New York|I ❤ NY]] program's LGBT division, commemorating the 50th anniversary of the Stonewall uprising, with 150,000 participants and five million spectators attending in Manhattan alone.<ref name="Authorities1">[https://abcnews.go.com/US/million-people-crowed-nyc-worldpride-mayor/story?id=64090338] Accessed July 3, 2019.</ref> New York City is also home to the largest [[transgender]] population in the world, estimated at more than 50,000 in 2018, concentrated in Manhattan and Queens; however, until the June 1969 Stonewall riots, this community had felt marginalized and neglected by the gay community.<ref name="NYCTrans" /><ref name="TransEqualityNYC" /> Brooklyn Liberation March, the largest [[Transgender rights|transgender-rights]] demonstration in LGBTQ history, took place on June 14, 2020 stretching from [[Grand Army Plaza]] to [[Fort Greene, Brooklyn]], focused on supporting Black transgender lives, drawing an estimated 15,000 to 20,000 participants.<ref>{{cite news|author=Anushka Patil|date=June 15, 2020|title=How a March for Black Trans Lives Became a Huge Event|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/15/nyregion/brooklyn-black-trans-parade.html|accessdate=June 28, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Shannon Keating|date=June 6, 2020|title=Corporate Pride Events Can't Happen This Year. Let's Keep It That Way|url=https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/shannonkeating/pride-protest-black-trans-rally-brooklyn-liberation-lgbtq|accessdate=June 28, 2020}}</ref>

=== Religion ===
{{bar box
|title = Religious affiliation (2014)<ref name="NYCReligion1"/><ref name="NYCReligion2"/>
|titlebar=#ccf |background-color=#f8f9fa |float=right
|bars =
{{bar percent|[[Christianity|Christian]]|darkblue|59}}
{{bar percent|[[Catholic Church|Catholic]]|mediumblue|33}}
{{bar percent|[[Protestant]]|mediumblue|23}}
{{bar percent|Other Christian|mediumblue|3}}
{{bar percent|Unaffiliated|purple|24}}
{{bar percent|[[Jewish]]|lightgreen|8}}
{{bar percent|[[Muslim]]|lightgreen|3}}
{{bar percent|[[Hindu]]|lightgreen|3}}
{{bar percent|[[Buddhist]]|lightgreen|1}}
{{bar percent|Other faiths|lightgreen|1}}
}}
The New York area is the 14th-most religious metropolis in the United States. Largely a result of Western European missionary work and colonialism, [[Christianity]] is the largest religion as of 2014.<ref name="NYCReligion1">[http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2015/07/29/major-u-s-metropolitan-areas-differ-in-their-religious-profiles/ Major U.S. metropolitan areas differ in their religious profiles], Pew Research Center. Retrieved July 30, 2015.</ref> [[Catholic Church|Roman Catholicism]] is the largest Christian denomination (33%), followed by [[Protestantism]] (23%), and [[List of Christian denominations|other Christians]] (3%). The Roman Catholic population are primarily served by the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New York]]. [[Eastern Catholic Churches|Eastern Catholics]] are divided into numerous jurisdictions throughout the city. [[Evangelicalism|Evangelical Protestantism]] is the largest branch of Protestantism in the city (9%), followed by [[Mainline Protestant]]ism (8%), while the converse is usually true for other cities and metropolitan areas.<ref name="NYCReligion2">{{Cite web|date=|title=Religion in America: U.S. Religious Data, Demographics and Statistics|url=https://www.pewforum.org/religious-landscape-study/|access-date=July 11, 2020|website=Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project|language=en-US}}</ref> In Evangelicalism, [[Baptists]] are the largest group; in Mainline Protestantism, [[Calvinism|Reformed Protestants]] are the largest. The majority of historically [[Black church|African American churches]] are affiliated with the [[National Baptist Convention, USA, Inc.|National Baptist Convention (USA)]] and [[Progressive National Baptist Convention]]. The [[Church of God in Christ]] is one of the largest predominantly-black [[Pentecostalism|Pentecostal]] denominations in the area. Less than 1% of the population was Mormon. The [[Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America]] and other Orthodox Christians (canonical and non-canonical) were the largest [[Eastern Christianity|Eastern Christian]] groups. The [[American Orthodox Catholic Church]] (initially led by [[Aftimios Ofiesh]]) was founded in New York City in 1927.

[[American Jews|Judaism]], with approximately 1.1 million [[Jews in New York City|adherents]],<ref>{{cite web|title=World Jewish Population|url=http://www.simpletoremember.com/vitals/world-jewish-population.htm|accessdate=September 2, 2012|publisher=SimpleToRemember.com—Judaism Online}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Jewish Community Study of New York: 2011 Comprehensive Report|url=http://dataspace.princeton.edu/jspui/bitstream/88435/dsp01w3763682c/1/JCSNY2011_ComprehensiveReport.pdf|accessdate=August 13, 2014|publisher=UJA-Federation of New York}}</ref> more than half of whom live in [[Brooklyn]], is the second largest religion.<ref name="BrooklynJewish">{{cite news|last=Weichselbaum|first=Simone|date=June 26, 2012|title=Nearly one in four Brooklyn residents are Jews, new study finds|newspaper=[[Daily News (New York)|Daily News]]|location=New York|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/brooklyn/brooklyn-residents-jews-new-study-finds-article-1.1100080|url-status=live|access-date=May 30, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180704130656/http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/brooklyn/brooklyn-residents-jews-new-study-finds-article-1.1100080|archive-date=July 4, 2018}}</ref> The ethnoreligious population makes up 18.4% of the city and its religious demographic makes up 8%.<ref>{{cite web|author=Josh Nathan-Kazis|date=June 12, 2012|title=N.Y. Jewish Population Grows to 1.5M: Study|url=http://www.forward.com/articles/157654/ny-jewish-population-grows-to-m-study/}}</ref> The first recorded Jewish settler was [[Jacob Barsimson]], who arrived in August 1654 on a passport from the Dutch West India Company.<ref>{{Cite web|date=October 18, 2006|title=Glimpses Into American Jewish History (Part 5)|url=http://www.jewishpress.com/page.do/19155/Glimpses_Into_American_Jewish_History_(Part_5).html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061018085414/http://www.jewishpress.com/page.do/19155/Glimpses_Into_American_Jewish_History_(Part_5).html|url-status=dead|archive-date=October 18, 2006|access-date=July 11, 2020}}</ref> Following the assassination of [[Alexander II of Russia]], for which many blamed "the Jews", the 36 years beginning in 1881 experienced the largest wave of Jewish immigration to the United States.<ref>''[[Jewish Chronicle]]'', May 6, 1881, cited in Benjamin Blech, ''Eyewitness to Jewish History''</ref> In 2019, the largest Jewish denominations were [[Orthodox Judaism|Orthodox]], [[Haredi Judaism|Haredi]], and [[Conservative Judaism]]. [[Reform Judaism|Reform Jewish]] communities are prevalent through the area. [[Congregation Emanu-El of New York]] in Manhattan is the largest Reform synagogue in the world. [[Islam]] ranks the third largest religion in New York City, with estimates ranging between 600,000 and 1,000,000 observers, including 10% of the city's public school children.<ref>{{cite news|last=Santora|first=Marc|last2=Otterman|first2=Sharon|date=March 4, 2015|title=New York City Adds 2 Muslim Holy Days to Public School Calendar|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/05/nyregion/new-york-to-add-two-muslim-holy-days-to-public-school-calendar.html?hp&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&module=second-column-region&region=top-news&WT.nav=top-news|accessdate=March 4, 2015}}</ref> These three largest groups are followed by [[Hinduism]], [[Buddhism]], [[Sikhism]] and [[Zoroastrianism]], and a variety of other religions, as well as atheism. In 2014, 24% of New Yorkers self-identified with no organized religious affiliation; a little over 3% of New Yorkers were [[Atheism|atheist]].<ref name="NYCReligion1" /><div style="overflow:auto;">{{multiple image
| header = Religious affiliations in New York City
| image4 = Exterior Hindu Temple.JPG
| alt6 =
| caption6 = A significant proportion of New Yorkers hold [[American Atheists|atheistic]] views, promoted on this [[digital billboard|electronic billboard]] in [[Times Square]].
| width6 = 200
| image6 = Times Square after dark atheist.jpg
| alt5 =
| caption5 = [[New York Mahayana Temple|Mahayana Buddhist Temple]] in [[Chinatown, Manhattan]].
| width5 = 112
| image5 = Buddhist Temple, Chinatown.jpg
| alt4 =
| caption4 = [[Hindu Temple Society of North America|Ganesh Temple]] in [[Flushing, Queens]], the oldest [[Hindu temple]] in the U.S.
| width4 = 100
| alt3 =
| align = center
| caption3 = The [[Islamic Cultural Center of New York]] in [[Upper Manhattan]], the first mosque built in New York City.
| width3 = 131
| image3 = Islamic Cultural Center E96 jeh.JPG
| alt2 =
| caption2 = [[Haredi Jews|Ultra-Orthodox]] [[Jews in New York City|Jewish]] residents in Brooklyn. Brooklyn has the largest Jewish community in the United States, with approximately 600,000 individuals.<ref name=BrooklynJewish/>
| width2 = 200
| image2 = Jueus ultraortodoxes satmar a brooklyn.jpg
| alt1 =
| caption1 = The [[New York City Landmarks|landmark]] [[Gothic revival architecture|Neo-Gothic]] Roman Catholic [[St. Patrick's Cathedral (Manhattan)|St. Patrick's Cathedral]], Midtown Manhattan.
| width1 = 103
| image1 = StPatCathExt1.jpg
| direction = horizontal
| total_width =
}}</div>

=== Wealth and income disparity ===
New York City has a high degree of [[income disparity]] as indicated by its [[Gini Coefficient]] of 0.5 for the city overall and 0.6 for Manhattan, as of 2006.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Glaeser|first1=Edward|last2=Resseger|first2=Matt|last3=Tobio|first3=Kristina|date=October 1, 2008|title=Urban Inequality|url=https://www.nber.org/papers/w14419.pdf|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151204022943/https://www.nber.org/papers/w14419.pdf|archivedate=December 4, 2015|accessdate=January 15, 2019|publisher=[[National Bureau of Economic Research]]|pages=2, 43}}</ref> (This is not unusual, as all large cities have greater income disparities than the nation overall.)<ref name="Brookings_Inequality_2015">{{cite web|last1=Berube|first1=Alan|last2=Holmes|first2=Natalie|date=March 17, 2015|title=Some cities are still more unequal than others—an update|url=https://www.brookings.edu/research/some-cities-are-still-more-unequal-than-others-an-update/|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161115100022/https://www.brookings.edu/research/some-cities-are-still-more-unequal-than-others-an-update/|archive-date=November 15, 2016|accessdate=January 30, 2019|publisher=[[Brookings Institution]]}}</ref> In the first quarter of 2014, the average weekly wage in New York County (Manhattan) was $2,749, representing the highest total among large counties in the United States.<ref>{{cite web|date=September 18, 2014|title=County Employment and Wages Summary|url=http://www.bls.gov/news.release/cewqtr.nr0.htm|accessdate=September 21, 2014|publisher=Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor}}</ref> As of 2017, New York City was home to the highest number of [[billionaire]]s of any city in the world at 103,<ref name="NYCBillionaires">{{cite web|year=2018|title=Top 10 Billionaire Cities|url=https://www.wealthx.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/Wealth-X_Billionaire_Census_2018.pdf|accessdate=May 16, 2018|publisher=Weaalth-X}}</ref> including former [[Mayor of New York City|Mayor]] [[Michael Bloomberg]].<ref>{{cite magazine|title=Michael Bloomberg|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/michael-bloomberg/|magazine=Forbes|accessdate=February 24, 2016}}</ref> New York also had the highest density of millionaires per capita among major U.S. cities in 2014, at 4.6% of residents.<ref>{{cite web|last=Wallace|first=Gregory|date=August 4, 2014|title=Want to meet a millionaire? Here's where to go|url=http://money.cnn.com/2014/08/04/luxury/most-millionaires-cities/index.html?iid=HP_LN|accessdate=August 4, 2014|publisher=CNN}}</ref> New York City is one of the relatively few American cities levying an [[income tax]] (about 3%) on its residents.<ref name="Localities_with_INCOME_tax">{{cite web|last=Moreno|first=Tonya|date=February 2, 2017|title=U.S. Cities That Levy Income Taxes|url=https://www.thebalance.com/cities-that-levy-income-taxes-3193246|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170308014312/https://www.thebalance.com/cities-that-levy-income-taxes-3193246|archive-date=March 8, 2017|accessdate=December 20, 2017|quote=Fourteen states and the District of Columbia allow cities, counties, and municipalities to levy their own separate individual income taxes in addition to state income taxes.}}</ref><ref name="NYCTax">{{cite web|title=Personal Income Tax & Non-resident NYC Employee Payments|url=http://www1.nyc.gov/site/finance/taxes/personal-income-tax-and-non-resident-employees.page|accessdate=December 19, 2017|publisher=City of New York}}</ref><ref name="NYC_tax_schedule">{{cite web|year=2017|title=New York City tax rate schedule|url=https://www.tax.ny.gov/pdf/current_forms/it/nyc_tax_rate_schedule.pdf|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170308234704/https://www.tax.ny.gov/pdf/current_forms/it/nyc_tax_rate_schedule.pdf|archive-date=March 8, 2017|accessdate=December 15, 2017|publisher=New York City}}</ref> As of 2018, there were 78,676 [[Homelessness in the United States|homeless people]] in New York City.<ref>{{cite news|date=April 23, 2019|title=M&M's. Makeup. Bank receipt. NYC homeless people reveal which items they value the most|publisher=CBS News|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/homeless-in-new-york-city-homeless-essentials-simon-dolsten-chris-bosler/}}</ref>

== Economy ==
{{Main|Economy of New York City}}
{| class="toc" style="float:right; font-size:90%; text-align:center; margin:1em;"
| colspan="6" style="background:tan;" |'''Top publicly traded companiesin New York City'''
(ranked by 2015 revenues)
''with City and U.S. ranks''
|- style="background:#ccc;"
|'''NYC'''
|
| style="background:#ccc;" |'''corporation'''
|
| style="background:#ccc;" |'''US'''
|-
|1
|
|[[Verizon Communications]]
|
|13
|-
|2
|
| style="background:#afa;" |[[JPMorgan Chase]]
|
|23
|-
|3
|
| style="background:#afa;" |[[Citigroup]]
|
|29
|-
|4
|
| style="background:#afa;" |[[MetLife]]
|
|40
|-
|5
|
| style="background:#afa;" |[[American International Group]]
|
|49
|-
|6
|
|[[Pfizer]] ''(pharmaceuticals)''
|
|55
|-
|7
|
| style="background:#afa;" |[[New York Life Insurance Company|New York Life]]
|
|61
|-
|8
|
| style="background:#afa;" |[[Goldman Sachs]]
|
|74
|-
|9
|
| style="background:#afa;" |[[Morgan Stanley]]
|
|78
|-
|10
|
| style="background:#afa;" |[[Teachers Insurance and Annuity Association|TIAA]] (Teachers Ins. & Annuity)
|
|82
|-
|11
|
| style="background:#afa;" |[[INTL FCStone]]
|
|83
|-
|12
|
| style="background:#afa;" |[[American Express]]
|
|85
|- style="background:lemonchiffon"
| colspan="5" |''Every firm's revenue exceeded $30 billion''
|-
| colspan="5" style="background:#afa;" |''Financial services firms in green''
|-
| colspan="5" |Full table at [[Economy of New York City]]
|-
| colspan="5" |'''Source:''' ''Fortune'' 500<ref>''Fortune'', Volume 173, Number 8 (June 15, 2016), p. F-40</ref>
|}
New York City is a [[Global city|global hub]] of business and commerce, as a center for banking and finance, retailing, world trade, transportation, tourism, real estate, [[new media]], [[traditional media]], advertising, [[legal services]], [[accountancy]], insurance, theater, fashion, and the arts in the United States; while [[Silicon Alley]], metonymous for New York's broad-spectrum [[high tech]]nology sphere, continues to expand. The [[Port of New York and New Jersey]] is also a major economic engine, handling record cargo volume in 2017, over 6.7 million [[Twenty-foot equivalent unit|TEUs]].<ref>{{cite web|date=February 6, 2018|title=Port of New York and New Jersey Sets New Cargo Volume Record for 2017|url=https://njbmagazine.com/njb-news-now/port-new-york-new-jersey-sets-new-cargo-volume-record-2017/|accessdate=October 19, 2018|publisher=New Jersey Business}}</ref> New York City's [[unemployment rate]] fell to its record low of 4.0% in September 2018.<ref>{{cite web|date=October 18, 2018|title=State's Unemployment Rate Hits 4.1%, Reaches 30-Year Low—NYC Unemployment Rate Drops to 4.0%, a New All-Time Low|url=https://labor.ny.gov/stats/pressreleases/pruistat.shtm|accessdate=October 19, 2018|publisher=New York State Department of Labor}}</ref>

Many [[Fortune 500]] corporations are headquartered in New York City,<ref>[http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune500/2011/cities/ ''Fortune'' 500 web site (cities)]. Retrieved July 21, 2011; ''Fortune'', Vol. 163, no. 7 (May 23, 2011), p. F-45</ref> as are a large number of [[multinational corporation]]s. One out of ten [[private sector]] jobs in the city is with a foreign company.<ref>{{cite news|last=Wylde|first=Kathryn|date=January 23, 2006|title=Keeping the Economy Growing|work=Gotham Gazette|url=http://www.gothamgazette.com/article/fea/20060123/202/1727|url-status=dead|accessdate=September 1, 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081006220133/http://www.gothamgazette.com/article/fea/20060123/202/1727|archivedate=October 6, 2008}}</ref> New York City has been ranked first among cities across the globe in attracting [[Capital (economics)|capital]], business, and tourists.<ref>{{cite web|last=Kennedy|first=Simon|date=April 13, 2014|title=Beijing Breaks into Top Ten in Rankings by A.T. Kearney|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-04-13/beijing-breaks-into-top-ten-in-rankings-by-a-t-kearney.html|accessdate=April 13, 2014|publisher=Bloomberg L.P}}</ref><ref>Kaske, Michelle. [https://web.archive.org/web/20120312173905/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-03-12/new-york-city-tops-global-competitiveness-london-is-no-2-economist-says.html "New York City Tops Global Competitiveness Rankings, Economist Report Says"], [[Bloomberg L.P.]], March 12, 2012, backed up by the [[Internet Archive]] as of March 12, 2012. Retrieved February 9, 2017.</ref> New York City's role as the top global center for the [[Advertising|advertising industry]] is metonymously reflected as [[Madison Avenue#Advertising industry|"Madison Avenue"]].<ref name="MadisonAveMetonym" /> The city's [[fashion industry]] provides approximately 180,000 employees with $11 billion in annual wages.<ref>{{cite news|last=Fermino|first=Jennifer|date=February 7, 2014|title=Mayor de Blasio announces $3M in grants for New York City's fashion industry|newspaper=[[Daily News (New York)|Daily News]]|location=New York|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/news/politics/de-blasio-announces-3m-grants-city-fashion-industry-article-1.1605556|url-status=live|access-date=February 11, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011005433/http://www.nydailynews.com/news/politics/de-blasio-announces-3m-grants-city-fashion-industry-article-1.1605556|archive-date=October 11, 2017}}</ref>

Other important sectors include [[medical research]] and technology, non-profit institutions, and universities. Manufacturing accounts for a significant but declining share of employment. The city's apparel and [[garment industry]], historically centered on the [[Garment District, Manhattan|Garment District]] in Manhattan, peaked in 1950, when more than 323,000 workers were employed in the industry in New York. In 2015, fewer than 23,000 New York City residents were employed in the manufacture of garments, accessories, and finished textiles, although efforts to revive the industry were underway.<ref>{{cite news|author=Winnie Hu|date=February 7, 2017|title=New York Tries to Revive Garment Industry, Outside the Garment District|newspaper=New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/07/nyregion/new-york-garment-industry-brooklyn.html}}</ref> Food processing is a $5 billion industry that employs more than 19,000 residents.

Chocolate is New York City's leading [[Specialty Food Association|specialty-food]] export, with up to $234 million worth of exports each year.<ref name="food manufacturing">{{cite web|date=February 2007|title=More Than a Link in the Food Chain|url=http://www.nyc.gov/html/imb/downloads/pdf/more_than_link_food_chain.pdf|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080831013513/http://www.nyc.gov/html/imb/downloads/pdf/more_than_link_food_chain.pdf|archivedate=August 31, 2008|accessdate=September 1, 2008|publisher=The Mayor's Office for Industrial and Manufacturing Business}}</ref> Entrepreneurs were forming a "Chocolate District" in Brooklyn {{As of|2014|lc=y}},<ref>{{cite web|last=Potkewitz|first=Hilary|date=November 17, 2014|title='Chocolate district' in the making in Brooklyn|url=http://www.crainsnewyork.com/article/20141117/REAL_ESTATE/311169989/-chocolate-district-in-the-making-in-brooklyn|accessdate=December 15, 2014|publisher=Crain Communications Inc}}</ref> while [[Godiva Chocolatier|Godiva]], one of the world's largest [[chocolatier]]s, continues to be headquartered in Manhattan.<ref>{{cite web|title=Godiva Chocolatier Inc. Company Information|url=http://www.hoovers.com/company-information/cs/company-profile.GODIVA_CHOCOLATIER_INC.f6ceb3a3c848ccc7.html|accessdate=January 9, 2015|publisher=Hoover's Inc}}</ref>

=== Wall Street ===
{{main|Wall Street}}
[[File:美國紐約203.jpg|alt=A large flag is stretched over Roman style columns on the front of a large building.|thumb|The [[New York Stock Exchange]] on [[Wall Street]], by a significant margin the [[List of stock exchanges|world's largest stock exchange]] per [[market capitalization]] of its listed companies,<ref>{{cite web|title=The NYSE Makes Stock Exchanges Around The World Look Tiny|url=http://www.businessinsider.com/global-stock-market-capitalization-chart-2014-11?IR=T|accessdate=March 26, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Is the New York Stock Exchange the Largest Stock Market in the World?|url=http://finance.zacks.com/new-york-stock-exchange-largest-stock-market-world-5426.html|accessdate=March 26, 2017}}</ref> at $23.1 trillion as of April 2018.<ref name="Largest stock markets in the world">{{cite web|title=Largest stock exchange operators worldwide as of April 2018, by market capitalization of listed companies (in trillion U.S. dollars)|url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/270126/largest-stock-exchange-operators-by-market-capitalization-of-listed-companies/|accessdate=February 18, 2019|publisher=Statista}}</ref>]]
New York City's most important economic sector lies in its role as the headquarters for the [[Financial center|U.S. financial industry]], metonymously known as ''Wall Street''. The city's [[Security (finance)|securities]] industry, enumerating 163,400 jobs in August 2013, continues to form the largest segment of the city's financial sector and an important economic engine, accounting in 2012 for 5.0 percent of the city's private sector jobs, 8.5 percent ($3.8 billion) of its tax revenue, and 22 percent of the city's total wages, including an average salary of $360,700.<ref>{{cite web|last=DiNapoli|first=Thomas P. (New York State Comptroller)|last2=Bleiwas|first2=Kenneth B. (New York State Deputy Comptroller)|date=October 2013|title=The Securities Industry in New York City|url=http://www.osc.state.ny.us/osdc/rpt7-2014.pdf|accessdate=July 30, 2014}}</ref> Many large financial companies are headquartered in New York City, and the city is also home to a burgeoning number of financial [[Startup company|startup companies]].

[[Lower Manhattan]] is home to the [[New York Stock Exchange]], on Wall Street, and the [[NASDAQ]], at [[One Liberty Plaza|165 Broadway]], representing the world's largest and second largest [[stock exchange]]s, respectively, when measured both by overall average daily trading volume and by total [[market capitalization]] of their listed companies in 2013.<ref name="NYSElargest">{{cite web|title=NYSE Listings Directory|url=https://www.nyse.com/about/listed/lc_ny_overview.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130621174531/http://www.nyse.com/about/listed/lc_ny_overview.html|archivedate=June 21, 2013|accessdate=June 23, 2014}}</ref><ref name="NYSEhighestcap">{{cite web|title=2013 WFE Market Highlights|url=http://www.world-exchanges.org/files/2013_WFE_Market_Highlights.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140327112731/http://www.world-exchanges.org/files/2013_WFE_Market_Highlights.pdf|archivedate=March 27, 2014|accessdate=July 20, 2014|publisher=World Federation of Exchanges}}</ref> [[Investment banking]] fees on Wall Street totaled approximately $40 billion in 2012,<ref>{{cite web|last=Choudhury|first=Ambereen|last2=Martinuzzi|first2=Elisa|last3=Moshinsky|first3=Ben|date=November 26, 2012|title=London Bankers Bracing for Leaner Bonuses Than New York|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-11-27/london-bankers-bracing-for-leaner-bonuses-than-new-york.html|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140804110946/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-11-27/london-bankers-bracing-for-leaner-bonuses-than-new-york.html|archivedate=August 4, 2014|accessdate=July 20, 2014|publisher=Bloomberg L.P.}}</ref> while in 2013, senior New York City bank officers who manage [[Risk management|risk and compliance]] functions earned as much as $324,000 annually.<ref>{{cite web|last=Vallikappen|first=Sanat|date=November 10, 2013|title=Pay Raises for Bank Risk Officers in Asia Trump New York|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-11-10/pay-raises-for-bank-risk-officers-in-asia-trump-new-york.html|accessdate=July 20, 2014|publisher=Bloomberg L.P}}</ref> In fiscal year 2013–14, Wall Street's [[securities industry]] generated 19% of New York State's tax revenue.<ref>{{cite web|date=March 11, 2015|title=DiNapoli: Wall Street Bonuses Edge Up in 2014|url=https://www.osc.state.ny.us/press/releases/mar15/031115.htm|accessdate=July 15, 2015|publisher=Office of the New York State Comptroller}}</ref>

New York City remains the largest global center for trading in [[public equity]] and [[Security (finance)|debt]] [[capital markets]], driven in part by the size and [[Financial Development Index|financial development]] of the [[U.S. economy]].<ref name="CNY2007">{{cite report|url=http://www.nyc.gov/html/om/pdf/ny_report_final.pdf|title=Sustaining New York's and the US' Global Financial Services Leadership|publisher=New York City Economic Development Corporation|accessdate=July 19, 2015}}</ref>{{rp|31–32}}<ref>{{cite web|date=June 2013|title=Total debt securities|url=http://www.bis.org/statistics/r_qa1306_hanx18.pdf|accessdate=July 19, 2015|publisher=[[Bank for International Settlements]]}}</ref> New York also leads in [[hedge fund]] management; [[List of private equity firms|private equity]]; and the monetary volume of [[mergers and acquisitions]]. Several [[Investment Banking|investment banks]] and [[Investment management|investment managers]] headquartered in Manhattan are important participants in other global financial centers.<ref name="CNY2007" />{{rp|34–35}} New York is also the principal [[commercial banking]] center of the United States.<ref>{{cite news|last=Chaudhuri|first=Saabira|date=September 15, 2014|title=Ranking the Biggest U.S. Banks: A New Entrant in Top 5|newspaper=The Wall Street Journal|url=https://blogs.wsj.com/moneybeat/2014/09/15/ranking-the-biggest-u-s-banks-a-new-entrant-in-top-5/|accessdate=July 19, 2015}}</ref>

Many of the world's largest [[media conglomerate]]s are also based in the city. Manhattan contained over 500 million square feet (46.5 million m2) of office space in 2018,<ref name="ManhattanOfficeSpace">{{cite web|date=December 6, 2018|title=Q3 2018 U.S. Office Market Outlook—Download research report|url=https://www2.colliers.com/en/Research/2018-Q3-US-Office-Market-Outlook-Report|accessdate=April 13, 2019|publisher=Colliers International}}</ref> making it the largest office market in the United States,<ref>{{cite web|title=Understanding The Manhattan Office Space Market|url=http://www.officespaceseeker.com/manhattan-office-space-market.html|accessdate=July 20, 2014|publisher=Officespaceseeker.com}}</ref> while [[Midtown Manhattan]], with 400 million square feet (37.2 million m2) in 2018,<ref name="ManhattanOfficeSpace" /> is the largest central business district in the world.<ref>{{cite web|title=Marketbeat United States CBD Office Report 2Q11|url=http://www.cushwake.com/cwmbs2q11/PDF/off_us_cbd_2q11.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130508231043/http://www.cushwake.com/cwmbs2q11/PDF/off_us_cbd_2q11.pdf|archivedate=May 8, 2013|accessdate=July 20, 2014|publisher=Cushman & Wakefield, Inc}}</ref>

=== Tech and biotech ===
{{further|Tech:NYC|Tech companies in New York City|Biotech companies in New York City|Silicon Alley}}
[[File:Flatiron_District.jpg|right|thumb|[[Silicon Alley]], once centered around the [[Flatiron District]], is now [[Metonymy|metonymous]] for New York's [[high tech]] sector, which has since expanded beyond the area.<ref>{{cite web|last=Lahlou|first=Karim|title=Startups move to co-shared offices amid high real estate prices|url=http://themidtowngazette.com/2013/10/startups-move-to-co-shared-offices-amid-high-real-estate-prices/|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140821025234/http://themidtowngazette.com/2013/10/startups-move-to-co-shared-offices-amid-high-real-estate-prices/|archivedate=August 21, 2014|accessdate=August 20, 2014|work=The Midtown Gazette}}</ref>]]
[[Silicon Alley]], centered in Manhattan, has evolved into a [[Metonymy|metonym]] for the sphere encompassing the New York City metropolitan region's high technology industries<ref>{{cite web|last=Dickey|first=Megan Rose|last2=D'Onfro|first2=Jillian|date=October 24, 2013|title=SA 100 2013: The Coolest People in New York Tech|url=http://www.businessinsider.com/silicon-alley-100-2013-2013-10?op=1|accessdate=July 30, 2014|website=Business Insider}}</ref> involving the Internet, [[new media]], telecommunications, [[digital media]], [[software development]], [[game design]], [[financial technology]] ("''FinTech''"), and other fields within information technology that are supported by its [[entrepreneurship ecosystem]] and [[venture capital]] investments. In 2015, Silicon Alley generated over $7.3 billion in venture capital investment across a broad spectrum of high technology enterprises,<ref name="VentureCapitalNY1" /> most based in Manhattan, with others in Brooklyn, Queens, and elsewhere in the region.

High technology [[startup companies]] and employment are growing in New York City and the region, bolstered by the city's position in North America as the leading Internet hub and telecommunications center, including its vicinity to several [[Transatlantic telephone cable|transatlantic fiber optic trunk lines]],<ref>{{cite report|url=http://www.nycedc.com/about_us/TelecomPlanMarch2005.pdf|title=Telecommunications and Economic Development in New York City: A Plan for Action|date=March 2005|publisher=New York City Economic Development Corporation|accessdate=July 10, 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012004612/http://www.nycedc.com/NR/rdonlyres/32243D90-27DD-4164-9B17-3B6F4AC7098D/0/TelecomPlanMarch2005.pdf|archivedate=October 12, 2007|url-status=dead}}</ref> New York's [[intellectual capital]], and its extensive outdoor [[Wireless network|wireless connectivity]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Pereira|first=Ivan|date=December 10, 2013|title=City opens nation's largest continuous Wi-Fi zone in Harlem|publisher=amNewYork/Newsday|url=http://www.amny.com/news/city-opens-nation-s-biggest-continuous-wi-fi-zone-in-harlem-1.6582180|accessdate=July 30, 2014}}</ref> [[Verizon Communications]], headquartered at 140 [[West Street (Manhattan)|West Street]] in Lower Manhattan, was at the final stages in 2014 of completing a $3 billion [[Fiberoptic communication|fiberoptic telecommunications]] upgrade throughout New York City.<ref>{{cite web|last=Brodkin|first=Jon|date=June 9, 2014|title=Verizon will miss deadline to wire all of New York City with FiOS|url=https://arstechnica.com/business/2014/06/verizon-will-miss-deadline-to-wire-all-of-new-york-city-with-fios/|accessdate=July 30, 2014}}</ref> {{As of|2014}}, New York City hosted 300,000 employees in the tech sector.<ref>{{cite news|author=S3 Partners|date=January 8, 2015|title=5 signs NYC's tech scene is growing up—NYC tech sector hits 300,000|newspaper=[[Daily News (New York)|Daily News]]|location=New York|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/services/5-signs-nyc-tech-scene-growing-article-1.2070180|url-status=live|access-date=May 1, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180627013352/http://www.nydailynews.com/services/5-signs-nyc-tech-scene-growing-article-1.2070180|archive-date=June 27, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Eugenios|first=Jillian|last2=Hargreaves|first2=Steve|last3=Rawlins|first3=Aimee|date=October 7, 2014|title=The most innovative cities in America|url=http://money.cnn.com/gallery/technology/2014/10/07/most-innovative-cities/index.html?iid=HP_Highlight|accessdate=October 7, 2014|publisher=CNNMoney}}</ref> The technology sector has been claiming a greater share of New York City's economy since 2010.<ref name="TechNYC1">{{cite news|author1=Ben Casselman|author2=Keith Collins|author3=Karl Russell|date=February 15, 2019|title=Even Without Amazon, Tech Could Keep Gaining Ground in New York|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/02/15/business/economy/nyc-tech-startups-amazon.html|accessdate=February 16, 2019}}</ref> [[Tech:NYC]], founded in 2016, is a non-profit organization which represents New York City's technology industry with government, civic institutions, in business, and in the media, and whose primary goals are to further augment New York's substantial tech talent base and to advocate for policies that will nurture tech companies to grow in the city.<ref>{{cite news|author=Jonathan Schieber|date=May 24, 2017|title=A Year After its Launch, TechNYC Has Become a Force in New York Politics|work=TechCrunch|url=https://techcrunch.com/2017/05/24/a-year-after-its-launch-technyc-has-become-a-force-in-new-york-politics/|accessdate=March 15, 2019}}</ref>

The [[Biotech and pharmaceutical companies in the New Jersey/New York metropolitan region|biotechnology]] sector is also growing in New York City, based upon the city's strength in academic scientific research and public and commercial financial support. On December 19, 2011, then Mayor Michael R. Bloomberg announced his choice of [[Cornell University]] and [[Technion-Israel Institute of Technology]] to build a $2 billion [[graduate school]] of [[applied science]]s called [[Cornell Tech]] on [[Roosevelt Island]] with the goal of transforming New York City into the world's premier technology capital.<ref>{{cite news|last=Pérez-Peña|first=Richard|date=December 19, 2011|title=Cornell Alumnus Is Behind $350 Million Gift to Build Science School in City|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/20/nyregion/cornell-and-technion-israel-chosen-to-build-science-school-in-new-york-city.html?scp=3&sq=cornell&st=cse|accessdate=August 1, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Ju|first=Anne|date=December 19, 2011|title='Game-changing' Tech Campus Goes to Cornell, Technion|url=http://www.news.cornell.edu/stories/2011/12/nyc-chooses-cornell-technion-build-tech-campus|accessdate=August 1, 2014|publisher=Cornell University}}</ref> By mid-2014, Accelerator, a biotech investment firm, had raised more than $30 million from investors, including [[Eli Lilly and Company]], [[Pfizer]], and [[Johnson & Johnson]], for initial funding to create biotechnology [[Startup company|startups]] at the Alexandria Center for Life Science, which encompasses more than {{convert|700000|sqft|m2}} on [[29th Street (Manhattan)|East 29th Street]] and promotes collaboration among scientists and entrepreneurs at the center and with nearby academic, medical, and research institutions. The [[New York City Economic Development Corporation]]'s Early Stage Life Sciences Funding Initiative and venture capital partners, including [[Celgene]], [[General Electric]] Ventures, and Eli Lilly, committed a minimum of $100 million to help launch 15 to 20 ventures in [[life sciences]] and biotechnology.<ref>{{cite news|last=Morris|first=Keiko|date=July 28, 2014|title=Wanted: Biotech Startups in New York City: The Alexandria Center for Life Science Looks to Expand|newspaper=The Wall Street Journal|url=https://online.wsj.com/articles/wanted-biotech-startups-in-new-york-city-1406603189|accessdate=August 1, 2014}}</ref>

=== Real estate ===
[[File:Time_Warner_Center_May_2010.JPG|thumb|The [[Time Warner Center]] as viewed from [[Central Park West]].|alt=]]
Real estate is a major force in the city's economy, as the total value of all New York City property was assessed at $1.072 trillion for the 2017 [[fiscal year]], an increase of 10.6% from the previous year, with 89% of the increase coming from market effects.<ref name="NYC real estate">[https://www1.nyc.gov/assets/finance/downloads/pdf/press_release/fy2017_tentative_assessment_roll.pdf ''Department of Finance Publishes Fiscal Year 2017 Tentative Assessment Roll''], [[New York City Department of Finance]], January 15, 2016. "Today, Jacques Jiha, Commissioner for the Department of Finance, announced the publication of the Tentative Property Assessment Roll for fiscal year 2017, which shows the total Market Value for the upcoming year at about $1.072 trillion, an increase of $102.5 billion, or 10.6 percent from the 2016 Fiscal Year."</ref> The [[Time Warner Center]] is the property with the highest-listed market value in the city, at $1.1 billion in 2006.<ref name="NYC real estate" /> New York City is home to some of the nation's—and the world's—most valuable real estate. 450 [[Park Avenue (Manhattan)|Park Avenue]] was sold on July 2, 2007 for $510 million, about $1,589 per square foot ($17,104/m²), breaking the barely month-old record for an American office building of $1,476 per square foot ($15,887/m²) set in the June 2007 sale of 660 Madison Avenue.<ref>Quirk, James. {{cite web|title=Bergen offices have plenty of space|url=http://www.northjersey.com/page.php?qstr=eXJpcnk3ZjczN2Y3dnFlZUVFeXk4NDImZmdiZWw3Zjd2cWVlRUV5eTcxNjI5NzEmeXJpcnk3ZjcxN2Y3dnFlZUVFeXkyMg==|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071222235142/http://www.northjersey.com/page.php?qstr=eXJpcnk3ZjczN2Y3dnFlZUVFeXk4NDImZmdiZWw3Zjd2cWVlRUV5eTcxNjI5NzEmeXJpcnk3ZjcxN2Y3dnFlZUVFeXkyMg%3D%3D|archivedate=December 22, 2007}}, ''[[The Record (Bergen County)]]'', July 5, 2007. Retrieved July 5, 2007. "On Monday, a 26-year-old, 33-story office building at 450 Park Ave. sold for a stunning $1,589 per square foot, or about ,10 million. The price is believed to be the most ever paid for a U.S. office building on a per-square-foot basis. That broke the previous record—set four weeks earlier—when 660 Madison Ave. sold for $1,476 a square foot."</ref>

In 2014, Manhattan was home to six of the top ten [[ZIP Code|ZIP codes]] in the United States by median housing price.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Carlyle|first=Erin|date=October 8, 2014|title=New York Dominates 2014 List of America's Most Expensive ZIP Codes|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/erincarlyle/2014/10/08/new-york-dominates-2014-list-of-americas-most-expensive-zip-codes/|magazine=Forbes|accessdate=October 9, 2014}}</ref> [[Fifth Avenue]] in Midtown Manhattan commands the highest retail rents in the world, at {{convert|3000|$/ft2|$/m2}} in 2017.<ref>{{cite news|author=Janette Sadik-Khan|date=January 9, 2017|title=A plea for Fifth Avenue|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/09/opinion/a-plea-for-fifth-avenue.html|accessdate=January 9, 2017}}</ref> In 2019, the most expensive home sale ever in the United States achieved completion in Manhattan, at a selling price of $238 million, for a {{convert|24000|ft2|m2}} [[penthouse apartment]] overlooking [[Central Park]].<ref>[https://www.bloomberg.com/news/videos/2019-01-29/hedge-fund-billionaire-ken-griffin-buys-america-s-most-expensive-home-video] Accessed February 16, 2019.</ref>

==== Rental housing ====
In June 2019, sweeping reforms to NYC rental properties were made.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Ferré-Sadurní|first1=Luis|date=June 11, 2019|title=Landmark Deal Reached on Rent Protections for Tenants in N.Y.|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/11/nyregion/rent-protection-regulation.html|accessdate=February 6, 2020}}</ref> In January 2020, the [[New York State Department of State]] issued clarifying guidelines to the reforms that provided for the elimination of decades of broker fees, which have been unique to the NYC housing market in the United States.<ref>{{cite news|last1=OFFENHARTZ|first1=Jake|date=February 5, 2020|title=Say Goodbye To 'Insane' Brokers Fees! (The Landlord Pays Those Now)|publisher=Gothamist|agency=New York Public Radio|url=https://gothamist.com/news/say-goodbye-insane-brokers-fees-landlord-pays-those-now|url-status=dead|accessdate=February 6, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200206232806/https://gothamist.com/news/say-goodbye-insane-brokers-fees-landlord-pays-those-now|archive-date=February 6, 2020}}</ref>

=== Tourism ===
{{main|Tourism in New York City}}
[[File:1_times_square_night_2013.jpg|thumb|[[Times Square]] is the hub of the [[Broadway theater]] [[Theater District, Manhattan|district]] and a media center. It also has one of the highest annual attendance rates of any tourist attraction in the world, estimated at 50 million.<ref name="Ann Shields" />|alt=|left]]
Tourism is a vital industry for New York City, which has witnessed a growing combined volume of international and domestic tourists, receiving an eighth consecutive annual record of approximately 62.8 million visitors in 2017.<ref name="NYCTouristCount">{{cite web|date=March 20, 2018|title=Mayor De Blasio And NYC & Company Announce NYC Welcomed Record 62.8 Million Visitors in 2017|url=https://business.nycgo.com/press-and-media/press-releases/articles/post/mayor-de-blasio-and-nyc-company-announce-nyc-welcomed-record-628-million-visitors-in-2017/|accessdate=April 4, 2018|publisher=NYC & Company, Inc}}</ref> Tourism had generated an all-time high $61.3 billion in overall economic impact for New York City in 2014,<ref name="NYCTouristCount" /> pending 2015 statistics. Approximately 12 million visitors to New York City were from outside the United States, with the highest numbers from the United Kingdom, Canada, [[Brazil]], and China.[[File:I_Love_New_York.svg|thumb|The ''[[I Love New York]]'' logo, designed by [[Milton Glaser]] in 1977|alt=]]''[[I Love New York]]'' (stylized I ❤ NY) is both a logo and a song that are the basis of an advertising campaign and have been used since 1977 to promote [[tourism in New York City]],<ref>[http://www.believermag.com/issues/200309/?read=interview_glaser Interview with Milton Glaser] ''[[The Believer (magazine)|The Believer]]''. Retrieved July 8, 2015.</ref> and later to promote New York State as well. The [[trademarked]] logo, owned by [[Empire State Development Corporation|New York State Empire State Development]],<ref>{{cite web|date=September 26, 2013|title=I Love New York Logo|url=http://www.nysl.nysed.gov/emblems/iluvny.htm|accessdate=July 8, 2015|publisher=[[New York State Education Department]]}}</ref> appears in souvenir shops and brochures throughout the city and state, some licensed, many not. The song is the [[List of U.S. state songs|state song]] of New York.

Major tourist destinations include [[Times Square]]; [[Broadway theatre|Broadway theater]] productions; the [[Empire State Building]]; the [[Statue of Liberty]]; [[Ellis Island]]; the [[United Nations Headquarters]]; museums such as the [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]; greenspaces such as [[Central Park]] and [[Washington Square Park]]; [[Rockefeller Center]]; the [[Manhattan Chinatown]]; luxury shopping along [[Fifth Avenue|Fifth]] and [[Madison Avenue]]s; and events such as the [[New York's Village Halloween Parade|Halloween Parade]] in [[Greenwich Village]]; the [[Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade]]; the lighting of the [[Rockefeller Center Christmas Tree]]; the [[St. Patrick's Day#New York City|St. Patrick's Day parade]]; seasonal activities such as ice skating in Central Park in the wintertime; the [[Tribeca Film Festival]]; and free performances in Central Park at Summerstage.<ref>{{cite web|title=Places To Visit in New York City|url=https://www.pinterest.com/fiontain/places-to-visit-in-new-york-city/|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150215171618/https://www.pinterest.com/fiontain/places-to-visit-in-new-york-city/|archivedate=February 15, 2015|accessdate=February 14, 2015|work=Pinterest Places To Visit in New York City}}</ref>

Major attractions in the boroughs outside Manhattan include [[Flushing Meadows-Corona Park]] and the [[Unisphere]] in Queens; the [[Bronx Zoo]]; [[Coney Island]], Brooklyn; and the [[New York Botanical Garden]] in the Bronx. The [[New York Wheel]], a 630-foot [[ferris wheel]], was under construction at the northern shore of Staten Island in 2015,<ref>{{cite web|last=Hargreaves|first=Steve|date=July 15, 2015|title=Visa-seeking Chinese fund giant NY Ferris wheel|url=http://money.cnn.com/2015/07/15/news/economy/chinese-staten-island-ferris-wheel/|accessdate=July 19, 2015|publisher=CNN}}</ref> overlooking the Statue of Liberty, New York Harbor, and the Lower Manhattan skyline.<ref>{{cite news|last=Peltz|first=Jennifer|author2=Associated Press|date=September 28, 2012|title=NYC to get 'world's largest' Ferris wheel|publisher=NBC News|agency=Associated Press|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/travel/itineraries/nyc-get-worlds-largest-ferris-wheel-6169634|url-status=dead|accessdate=September 28, 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120929023222/http://www.nbcnews.com/travel/itineraries/nyc-get-worlds-largest-ferris-wheel-6169634|archivedate=September 29, 2012}}</ref> Manhattan was on track to have an estimated 90,000 hotel rooms at the end of 2014, a 10% increase from 2013.<ref>{{cite web|last=Dailey|first=Jessica|date=October 9, 2013|title=Number Of Manhattan Hotel Rooms To Increase 10% In 2014|url=http://ny.curbed.com/archives/2013/10/09/number_of_manhattan_hotel_rooms_to_increase_10_in_2014.php|accessdate=October 6, 2014}}</ref> In October 2014, the Anbang Insurance Group, based in China, purchased the [[Waldorf Astoria New York]] for $1.95 billion, making it the world's most expensive hotel ever sold.<ref>{{cite web|last=Frank|first=Robert|date=October 6, 2014|title=Waldorf becomes most expensive hotel ever sold: $1.95 billion|url=https://www.cnbc.com/id/102062617#.|accessdate=October 6, 2014|publisher=CNBC}}</ref>

=== Media and entertainment ===
{{Main|Media in New York City}}
{{further|New Yorkers in journalism}}
[[File:Rockefeller_Center_(2006).JPG|alt=Ice skaters on a rink below a golden sculpture and a row of national flags that fly in front of a stone tower.|thumb|[[Rockefeller Center]] is home to [[NBC Studios (New York)|NBC Studios]].|220x220px]]
New York is a prominent location for the American [[entertainment industry]], with many films, television series, books, and other media being set there.<ref>{{cite news|last=Santora|first=Marc|date=February 26, 2014|title=Four Marvel TV Shows to Film in New York|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/02/27/arts/television/marvel-and-disney-to-film-daredevil-and-3-other-netflix-shows-in-new-york-city.html|accessdate=February 27, 2014}}</ref> {{As of|2012}}, New York City was the second largest center for filmmaking and television production in the United States, producing about 200 feature films annually, employing 130,000 individuals. The filmed entertainment industry has been growing in New York, contributing nearly $9 billion to the New York City economy alone as of 2015.<ref>{{cite web|date=October 15, 2015|title=Mayor De Blasio Announces Increased Growth of New York City's Entertainment Industry Brings $8.7 billion into the Local Economy|url=http://www1.nyc.gov/site/mome/news/bcg-announcement.page|accessdate=April 10, 2016|publisher=City of New York Mayor's Office of Media and Entertainment}}</ref> By volume, New York is the world leader in [[independent film]] production—one-third of all American independent films are produced there.<ref>{{cite web|title=New York Film Academy, New York City|url=http://www.nyfa.edu/filmschools/newyork.php|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120126210946/http://www.nyfa.edu/filmschools/newyork.php|archivedate=January 26, 2012|accessdate=February 8, 2012|publisher=New York Film Academy}}</ref><ref name="NYC Media">{{cite web|year=2005|title=Request for Expressions of Interest|url=http://www.govisland.com/PDFs/RFEI/RFEI.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080802030053/http://www.govisland.com/PDFs/RFEI/RFEI.pdf|archivedate=August 2, 2008|accessdate=February 11, 2014|publisher=The Governors Island Preservation & Education Corporation}}</ref> The Association of Independent Commercial Producers is also based in New York.<ref>{{cite web|title=AICP Staff & National Offices|url=http://www.aicp.com/#/about_aicp/staff/|accessdate=February 8, 2012|publisher=Association of Independent Commercial Producers}}</ref> In the first five months of 2014 alone, [[location filming]] for television pilots in New York City exceeded the record production levels for all of 2013,<ref>{{cite web|last=Goundry|first=Nick|date=June 6, 2014|title=New York half-year location filming surpasses record for whole of 2013|url=http://www.thelocationguide.com/blog/2014/06/ng-filming-incentives-new-york-half-year-location-filming-surpasses-record-for-whole-of-2013/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160913062834/http://www.thelocationguide.com/blog/2014/06/ng-filming-incentives-new-york-half-year-location-filming-surpasses-record-for-whole-of-2013/|archive-date=September 13, 2016|accessdate=September 20, 2014|publisher=Location Guide}}</ref> with New York surpassing Los Angeles as the top North American city for the same distinction during the 2013–2014 cycle.<ref>{{cite web|last=Goundry|first=Nick|date=June 25, 2014|title=New York surpasses Los Angeles for TV drama pilot filming|url=http://www.thelocationguide.com/blog/2014/06/ng-filming-on-location-new-york-surpasses-los-angeles-for-tv-drama-pilot-filming/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160913002604/http://www.thelocationguide.com/blog/2014/06/ng-filming-on-location-new-york-surpasses-los-angeles-for-tv-drama-pilot-filming/|archive-date=September 13, 2016|accessdate=September 20, 2014|publisher=Location Guide}}</ref>

New York City is also a center for the advertising, music, newspaper, digital media, and publishing industries and is also the largest media market in North America.<ref>{{cite press release|title=Tampa Bay 12th Largest Media Market Now|publisher=Tampa Bay Partnership|date=August 26, 2006|url=http://www.tampabay.org/press.asp?rls_id=991&|accessdate=September 1, 2008|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080928205103/http://www.tampabay.org/press.asp?rls_id=991&|archivedate=September 28, 2008}}</ref> Some of the city's [[media conglomerate]]s and institutions include [[Time Warner]], the [[Thomson Reuters Corporation]], the [[Associated Press]], [[Bloomberg L.P.]], the [[News Corporation (1980–2013)|News Corporation]], [[The New York Times Company]], [[NBCUniversal]], the [[Hearst Corporation]], [[AOL]], and [[Viacom (2005–present)|Viacom]]. Seven of the world's top eight global [[advertising agency]] networks have their headquarters in New York.<ref>[http://adage.com/datacenter/datapopup.php?article_id=116384 Top 10 Consolidated Agency Networks: Ranked by 2006 Worldwide Network Revenue], ''[[Advertising Age]]'' Agency Report 2007 Index (April 25, 2007). Retrieved June 8, 2007.</ref> Two of the top three [[Music industry|record labels']] headquarters are in New York: [[Sony Music Entertainment]] and [[Warner Music Group]]. [[Universal Music Group]] also has offices in New York. [[New media]] enterprises are contributing an increasingly important component to the city's central role in the media sphere.

More than 200 newspapers and 350 consumer magazines have an office in the city,<ref name="NYC Media" /> and the publishing industry employs about 25,000 people.<ref>{{cite web|title=Media and Entertainment|url=http://www.nycedc.com/Web/NYCBusinessClimate/IndustryOverviews/MediaEntertainment/MediaEntertainment.htm|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080128210353/http://www.nycedc.com/Web/NYCBusinessClimate/IndustryOverviews/MediaEntertainment/MediaEntertainment.htm|archivedate=January 28, 2008|accessdate=September 1, 2008|publisher=New York City Economic Development Corporation}}</ref> Two of the three national daily newspapers with the largest [[Circulation (newspaper)|circulations]] in the United States are published in New York: ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'' and ''[[The New York Times]]'', which has won the most [[Pulitzer Prize]]s for journalism. Major [[Tabloid (newspaper format)|tabloid]] newspapers in the city include ''[[Daily News (New York)|The New York Daily News]]'', which was founded in 1919 by [[Joseph Medill Patterson]],<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/412434/New-York-Daily-News|title=New York Daily News (American newspaper)|encyclopedia=Britannica.com|accessdate=May 4, 2013}}</ref> and ''[[New York Post|The New York Post]]'', founded in 1801 by [[Alexander Hamilton]].<ref>Allan Nevins, ''The Evening Post: Century of Journalism'', Boni and Liveright, 1922, p. 17.</ref> The city also has a comprehensive ethnic press, with 270 newspapers and magazines published in more than 40 languages.<ref>{{cite magazine|date=July 10, 2002|title=Ethnic Press Booms in New York City|url=http://www.editorandpublisher.com/eandp/news/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1538594|magazine=Editor & Publisher|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080630003615/http://www.editorandpublisher.com/eandp/news/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1538594|archivedate=June 30, 2008|accessdate=September 1, 2008|url-status=dead}}</ref> ''[[El Diario La Prensa]]'' is New York's largest [[Spanish language|Spanish-language]] daily and the oldest in the nation.<ref>{{cite web|date=July 27, 2005|title=el Diario/La Prensa: The Nation's Oldest Spanish-Language Daily|url=http://news.newamericamedia.org/news/view_article.html?article_id=e4526a43cc213775795cc84762fce768|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080522105604/http://news.newamericamedia.org/news/view_article.html?article_id=e4526a43cc213775795cc84762fce768|archivedate=May 22, 2008|accessdate=September 1, 2008|publisher=New America Media}}</ref> ''[[New York Amsterdam News|The New York Amsterdam News]]'', published in Harlem, is a prominent African American newspaper. ''[[The Village Voice]]'', historically the largest [[alternative newspaper]] in the United States, announced in 2017 that it would cease publication of its print edition and convert to a fully digital venture.<ref name="VillageVoiceDigital">{{cite news|author=John Leland|author-link=John Leland (journalist)|author2=Sarah Maslin Nir|date=August 22, 2017|title=After 62 Years and Many Battles, Village Voice Will End Print Publication|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/22/nyregion/village-voice-to-end-print-publication.html?mcubz=1|accessdate=September 2, 2017}}</ref>
[[File:ABC newscrew in New York City.jpg|thumb|WABC-TV Eyewitness News reporting in [[Park Row (Manhattan)|Park Row, New York]]]]
The television and radio industry developed in New York and is a significant employer in the city's economy. The three major American [[broadcast network]]s are all headquartered in New York: [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]], [[CBS]], and [[NBC]]. Many cable networks are based in the city as well, including [[MTV]], [[Fox News Channel|Fox News]], [[HBO]], [[Showtime (TV network)|Showtime]], [[Bravo (U.S. TV network)|Bravo]], [[Food Network]], [[AMC (TV channel)|AMC]], and [[Comedy Central]]. [[News 12 Networks]] operated News 12 The Bronx and News 12 Brooklyn. The City of New York operates a public broadcast service, [[NYC Media]],<ref>{{cite web|title=About NYC Media|url=https://www1.nyc.gov/site/media/about/about.page|accessdate=July 23, 2019|website=NYC Media|publisher=City of New York}}</ref> that has produced several original [[Emmy Award]]-winning shows covering music and culture in city neighborhoods and city government. [[WBAI]], with news and information programming, is one of the few [[socialist]] radio stations operating in the United States.

New York is also a major center for [[non-commercial educational]] media. The oldest [[public-access television]] channel in the United States is the [[Manhattan Neighborhood Network]], founded in 1971.<ref>{{cite web|title=Community Celebrates Public Access TV's 35th Anniversary|url=http://www.mnn.org/en/community-celebrates-public-access-tvs-35th-annive|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100825122105/http://www.mnn.org/en/community-celebrates-public-access-tvs-35th-annive|archivedate=August 25, 2010|accessdate=October 28, 2010|publisher=Mnn.org}}</ref> [[WNET]] is the city's major public television station and a primary source of national [[Public Broadcasting Service]] (PBS) television programming. [[WNYC]], a [[public radio]] station owned by the city until 1997, has the largest public radio audience in the United States.<ref>{{cite web|date=August 28, 2006|title=Top 30 Public Radio Subscribers: Spring 2006 Arbitron|url=http://www.rrconline.org/reports/pdf/Sp06%20eRanks.pdf|accessdate=September 1, 2008|publisher=Radio Research Consortium}}</ref>

== Education and scholarly activity ==
{{Main|Education in New York City}}

=== Primary and secondary education ===
The [[New York City Public Schools]] system, managed by the [[New York City Department of Education]], is the largest public school system in the United States, serving about 1.1 million students in more than 1,700 separate primary and secondary schools.<ref>{{cite web|year=2014|title=New York City Department of Education—About Us|url=http://schools.nyc.gov/AboutUs/default.htm|accessdate=July 30, 2014|publisher=The New York City Department of Education}}</ref> The city's public school system includes nine [[Specialized high schools in New York City|specialized high schools]] to serve academically and artistically [[gifted student]]s. The city government pays the [[Pelham Public Schools]] to educate a very small, detached section of the Bronx.<ref name="gross19970506">{{cite news|author=Gross, Jane|date=May 6, 1997|title=A Tiny Strip of New York That Feels Like the Suburbs|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/05/06/nyregion/a-tiny-strip-of-new-york-that-feels-like-the-suburbs.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm|url-status=live|accessdate=June 28, 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160717200357/http://www.nytimes.com/1997/05/06/nyregion/a-tiny-strip-of-new-york-that-feels-like-the-suburbs.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm|archivedate=July 17, 2016}} ()</ref>
[[File:Butler_Library_-_1000px_-_AC.jpg|right|thumb|[[Butler Library]] at [[Columbia University]], described as one of the most beautiful college libraries in the United States.<ref>{{cite news|last=Wienerbronner|first=Danielle|date=November 9, 2010|title=Most Beautiful College Libraries|work=HuffPost|url=https://huffingtonpost.com/2010/11/09/the-most-beautiful-colleg_n_778614.html#s174271&title=Bapst_Art_Library|accessdate=September 9, 2012}}</ref>]]
[[File:NYC_-_Washington_Square_Park_-_Arch.jpg|thumb|The [[Washington Square Arch]], an unofficial icon of both [[New York University]] (NYU) and its [[Greenwich Village]] neighborhood.]]
The New York City Charter School Center assists the setup of new [[charter school]]s.<ref>{{cite web|title=The New York City Charter School Center|url=http://www.nyccharterschools.org/|accessdate=April 16, 2015}}</ref> There are approximately 900 additional privately run secular and religious schools in the city.<ref>{{cite web|title=Private School Universe Survey|url=http://nces.ed.gov/surveys/pss/|accessdate=September 1, 2008|publisher=National Center for Education Statistics}}</ref>

=== Higher education and research ===
More than 600,000 students are enrolled in New York City's more than 120 higher education institutions, the highest number of any city in the world, with more than half a million in the [[City University of New York]] (CUNY) system alone {{asof|2020|lc=yes}}, including both degree and professional programs.<ref>{{cite web|title=Academics—The City University of New York|url=https://www.cuny.edu/academics/|accessdate=April 15, 2020|publisher=[[City University of New York]]}}</ref> According to [[Academic Ranking of World Universities]], New York City has, on average, the best higher education institutions of any [[global city]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=ARWU World University Rankings 2019 {{!}} Academic Ranking of World Universities 2019 {{!}} Top 1000 universities {{!}} Shanghai Ranking—2019|url=http://www.shanghairanking.com/ARWU2019.html|access-date=August 17, 2019|website=www.shanghairanking.com}}</ref> New York City is home to such notable private universities as [[Barnard College]], [[Columbia University]], [[Cooper Union]], [[Fordham University]], [[New York University]], [[New York Institute of Technology]], [[Rockefeller University]], and [[Yeshiva University]]; several of these universities are ranked among the top universities in the world.<ref name="ARWU">{{cite web|title=Academic Ranking of World Universities 2017|url=http://www.shanghairanking.com/ARWU2017.html|accessdate=October 16, 2017|publisher=ShanghaiRanking Consultancy}}</ref><ref name="CWUR">{{cite web|title=CWUR 2016—World University Rankings|url=http://cwur.org/2016/|accessdate=October 16, 2017|publisher=Center for World University Rankings}}</ref>

The public CUNY system is one of the largest universities in the nation, comprising 24 institutions across all five boroughs: senior colleges, [[community college]]s, and other graduate/professional schools. The public [[State University of New York]] (SUNY) system includes campuses in New York City, including: [[SUNY Downstate College of Medicine|Downstate Health Sciences University]], [[Fashion Institute of Technology]], [[SUNY Maritime College|Maritime College]], and the [[SUNY College of Optometry|College of Optometry]]. The city also hosts other smaller private colleges and universities, including many religious and special-purpose institutions, such as: [[St. John's University (Jamaica, NY)|St. John's University]], [[Juilliard School|The Juilliard School]], [[Manhattan College]], [[College of Mount Saint Vincent|The College of Mount Saint Vincent]], [[Parsons School of Design]], [[The New School]], [[Pratt Institute]], [[New York Film Academy]], [[School of Visual Arts|The School of Visual Arts]], The King's College, and [[Wagner College]].

Much of the [[scientific research]] in the city is done in medicine and the [[life sciences]]. New York City has the most postgraduate life sciences degrees awarded annually in the United States, with 127 [[Nobel laureate]]s having roots in local institutions {{As of|2005|lc=y}};<ref name="NYC science institutions">{{cite press release|title=Mayor Michael R. Bloomberg and Economic Development Corporation President Andrew M. Alper Unveil Plans to Develop Commercial Bioscience Center in Manhattan|publisher=New York City Economic Development Corporation|url=http://home2.nyc.gov/portal/site/nycgov/menuitem.c0935b9a57bb4ef3daf2f1c701c789a0/index.jsp?pageID=mayor_press_release&catID=1194&doc_name=http%3A%2F%2Fhome2.nyc.gov%2Fhtml%2Fom%2Fhtml%2F2004b%2Fpr310-04.html&cc=unused1978&rc=1194&ndi=1|date=November 18, 2004|accessdate=September 1, 2008}}</ref> while in 2012, 43,523 licensed physicians were practicing in New York City.<ref>{{cite web|last=Horner|first=Blair|last2=Levin|first2=Arthur|last3=Mattei|first3=Suzanne|last4=Casey|first4=Ciceron (contributor)|date=August 2014|title=The Doctor Is In: New York's Increasing Number of Doctors|url=http://www.nypirg.org/pubs/health/2014.08.21DoctorIsIn.pdf|accessdate=August 22, 2014|page=13, Appendix 1: Comparison of the Numbers Of New York Doctors By County, As Of December 31, 2004 And December 31, 2012}}</ref> Major biomedical research institutions include [[Memorial Sloan–Kettering Cancer Center]], Rockefeller University, [[SUNY Downstate Medical Center]], [[Albert Einstein College of Medicine]], [[Mount Sinai School of Medicine]], and [[Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University|Weill Cornell Medical College]], being joined by the [[Cornell University]]/[[Technion-Israel Institute of Technology]] venture on [[Roosevelt Island]]. The graduates of [[SUNY Maritime College]] in the Bronx earned the highest average annual salary of any university graduates in the United States, $144,000 as of 2017.<ref name="SUNYMaritime">{{cite news|author=Gary M. Stern|date=March 16, 2017|title=The Young Mariners of Throgs Neck|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/16/nyregion/suny-maritime-college.html?module=WatchingPortal&region=c-column-middle-span-region&pgType=Homepage&action=click&mediaId=thumb_square&state=standard&contentPlacement=8&version=internal&contentCollection=www.nytimes.com&contentId=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2017%2F03%2F16%2Fnyregion%2Fsuny-maritime-college.html&eventName=Watching-article-click|accessdate=March 16, 2017}}</ref>

== Human resources ==

=== Public health ===
{{main|New York City Health and Hospitals Corporation|New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene}}
[[File:NewYorkPresbyterian-Cornell.jpg|right|thumb|[[New York-Presbyterian Hospital]], white complex at center, the largest hospital and largest private employer in New York City<ref>{{cite web|title=NewYork–Presbyterian|url=http://careers.nyp.org/about-us/locations/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140812212715/http://careers.nyp.org/about-us/locations/|archive-date=August 12, 2014|accessdate=August 12, 2014}}</ref> and one of the world's busiest.]]
The New York City Health and Hospitals Corporation (HHC) operates the [[Public hospital#United States|public hospitals]] and clinics in New York City. A [[Public-benefit corporation|public benefit corporation]] with $6.7 billion in annual revenues, HHC is the largest municipal healthcare system in the United States serving 1.4 million patients, including more than 475,000 uninsured city residents.<ref name="HHC1">{{Cite web|title=HHC Health and Hospitals Corporation|url=http://www.nyc.gov/html/hhc/html/home/home.shtml|website=nyc.gov}}</ref> HHC was created in 1969 by the [[New York State Legislature]] as a public benefit corporation (Chapter 1016 of the Laws 1969).<ref>{{cite web|title=The History of New York City's Municipal Hospitals|url=http://www.thehhcfoundation.org/history.html|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120222173536/http://www.thehhcfoundation.org/history.html|archivedate=February 22, 2012|publisher=HHC Foundation}}</ref> HHC operates 11 [[acute care]] hospitals, five nursing homes, six diagnostic and treatment centers, and more than 70 community-based [[primary care]] sites, serving primarily the poor and working class. HHC's MetroPlus Health Plan is one of the New York area's largest providers of government-sponsored health insurance and is the plan of choice for nearly half million New Yorkers.<ref name="Metroplus">{{cite web|title=Metroplus|url=http://www.metroplus.org/|accessdate=October 8, 2014|publisher=MetroPlus}}</ref>

HHC's facilities annually provide millions of New Yorkers services interpreted in more than 190 languages.<ref name="HHC2">{{cite web|title=2014 HHC Report to the Community|url=http://www.nychealthandhospitals.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/2014-hhc-report-to-the-community.pdf|accessdate=March 10, 2017|publisher=New York City Health + Hospitals}}</ref> The most well-known hospital in the HHC system is [[Bellevue Hospital]], the oldest public hospital in the United States. Bellevue is the designated hospital for treatment of the President of the United States and other [[List of current heads of state and government|world leaders]] if they become sick or injured while in New York City.<ref name="Funding Universe Web Site">{{cite web|title=Funding Universe Web Site|url=http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/New-York-City-Health-and-Hospitals-Corporation-Company-History.html|accessdate=October 8, 2014|publisher=Funding Universe}}</ref> The president of HHC is Ramanathan Raju, MD, a surgeon and former CEO of the Cook County health system in Illinois.<ref>{{cite web|title=CEO of Chicago Public Hospitals to Take the Helm of HHC|url=http://www.wnyc.org/story/ceo-chicago-public-hospitals-take-helm-hhc/|accessdate=October 8, 2014|publisher=WNYC}}</ref> In August 2017, Mayor [[Bill de Blasio]] signed legislation outlawing pharmacies from selling cigarettes once their existing licenses to do so expired, beginning in 2018.<ref>{{cite web|author=Henry Goldman and Jennifer Kaplan|date=August 28, 2017|title=NYC Boosts Cigarette Prices to $13, Bans Sales by Pharmacies|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-08-28/nyc-boosts-price-of-cigarettes-to-13-bans-sales-by-pharmacies|accessdate=August 30, 2017|publisher=Bloomberg L.P}}</ref>

=== Public safety ===

==== Police and law enforcement ====
{{main|New York City Police Department|Law enforcement in New York City}}
{{further|Police surveillance in New York City|Crime in New York City}}
[[File:Ford_NYPD.jpg|alt=|thumb|The [[New York City Police Department|New York Police Department]] (NYPD) is the largest police force in the United States.]]
The [[New York City Police Department|New York Police Department]] (NYPD) has been the largest police force in the United States by a significant margin, with more than 35,000 sworn officers.<ref>{{cite web|title=Bureau of Justice Statistics|url=http://www.bjs.gov/content/pub/pdf/lpd07.pdf|accessdate=December 5, 2013|publisher=U.S. Department of Justice|page=34, Appendix Table 1}}</ref> Members of the NYPD are frequently referred to by politicians, the media, and their own police cars by the nickname, ''New York's Finest''.
[[File:My_picture_of_NYPD_officers.jpg|thumb|Police officers of New York Police Department (NYPD).]]
Crime has continued an overall downward trend in New York City since the 1990s.<ref>[http://www1.nyc.gov/assets/nypd/downloads/pdf/crime_statistics/cs-en-us-city.pdf] Accessed July 6, 2017.</ref> In 2012, the NYPD came under scrutiny for its use of a [[New York City stop-and-frisk program|stop-and-frisk]] program,<ref>{{cite news|date=May 15, 2012|title=NYPD Stop And Frisks: 15 Shocking Facts About A Controversial Program|work=HuffPost|url=https://huffingtonpost.com/2012/05/13/nypd-stop-and-frisks-15-shocking-facts_n_1513362.html|accessdate=December 24, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=July 31, 2007|title=Stop-and-Frisk Campaign: About the Issue|url=http://www.nyclu.org/issues/racial-justice/stop-and-frisk-practices|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230180424/http://www.nyclu.org/issues/racial-justice/stop-and-frisk-practices|archivedate=December 30, 2013|accessdate=December 24, 2013|publisher=NYCLU|df=}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=NYPD Stop and Frisk|work=HuffPost|url=https://huffingtonpost.com/tag/nypd-stop-and-frisk|accessdate=December 24, 2013}}</ref> which has undergone several policy revisions since then. In 2014, New York City had the third lowest murder rate among the largest U.S. cities,<ref>{{cite web|last=Winkley|first=Lyndsay|date=March 5, 2016|title=San Diego County homicides up 12% in 2015|url=https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/sdut-murders-homicide-2015-county-cities-rate-2016mar05-story.html|access-date=July 23, 2019|work=U-T San Diego}}</ref> having become significantly safer after a spike in crime in the 1970s through 1990s.<ref name="Prager">{{cite magazine|author=Arthur Prager|date=February–March 2006|title=Worst-Case Scenario|url=http://www.americanheritage.com/content/worst-case-scenario|magazine=American Heritage|volume=57|issue=1|access-date=July 23, 2019}}</ref> Violent crime in New York City decreased more than 75% from 1993 to 2005, and continued decreasing during periods when the nation as a whole saw increases.<ref name="Law">{{cite web|title=Don't Tell New York, But Crime Is Going Up|url=http://www.lib.jjay.cuny.edu/len/2002/12.31/page5.html|accessdate=August 20, 2011|publisher=Lib.jjay.cuny.edu}}</ref> By 2002, New York City's crime rate was similar to that of [[Provo, Utah]], and was ranked 197th in crime among the 216 U.S. cities with populations greater than 100,000.<ref name="Law" /> In 1992, the city recorded 2,245 murders.<ref name="Walker2010">{{cite book|author=Samuel Walker|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v0JtCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA3|title=Sense and Nonsense About Crime, Drugs, and Communities: A Policy Guide|date=May 5, 2010|publisher=Cengage Learning|isbn=978-1-133-00819-4|pages=3–}}</ref> In 2005, the [[List of countries by homicide rate|homicide rate]] was at its lowest level since 1966,<ref>{{cite web|last=Langan|first=Patrick A.|author2=Matthew R. Durose|date=October 21, 2004|title=The Remarkable Drop in Crime in New York City|url=http://www.istat.it/istat/eventi/2003/perunasocieta/relazioni/Langan_rel.pdf|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090215053748/http://www.istat.it/istat/eventi/2003/perunasocieta/relazioni/Langan_rel.pdf|archivedate=February 15, 2009|accessdate=February 8, 2009|publisher=Istituto Nazionale di Statistica}}</ref> and in 2009, the city recorded fewer than 461 [[homicide]]s for the first time ever since crime statistics were first published in 1963.<ref name="Walker2010" /> In 2017, 60.1% of violent crime suspects were black, 29.6% Hispanic, 6.5% white, 3.6% Asian and 0.2% American Indian.<ref>https://www1.nyc.gov/assets/nypd/downloads/pdf/analysis_and_planning/year-end-2017-enforcement-report.pdf</ref> New York City experienced 292 homicides in 2017,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Table 43|url=https://ucr.fbi.gov/crime-in-the-u.s/2017/crime-in-the-u.s.-2017/tables/table-43|website=FBI}}</ref>

[[Sociologist]]s and criminologists have not reached consensus on the explanation for the dramatic decrease in the city's crime rate. Some attribute the phenomenon to new tactics used by the NYPD,<ref>"[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1318236/Livingstone-to-follow-methods-of-the-NYPD.html Livingstone to follow methods of the NYPD]". ''The Daily Telegraph''. January 17, 2001.</ref> including its use of [[CompStat]] and the [[broken windows theory]].<ref>"[http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2002/11/02/1036027090656.html Staying a beat ahead of crime]". ''The Age''. November 5, 2002.</ref> Others cite the end of the [[crack epidemic]] and demographic changes,<ref>{{cite book|last=Johnson|first=Bruce D.|title=The Crime Drop in America|last2=Golub|first2=Andrew|last3=Dunlap|first3=Eloise|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2006|isbn=978-0-521-86279-0|editor=Blumstein, Alfred|chapter=The Rise and Decline of Hard Drugs, Drug Markets, and Violence in Inner-City New York|editor2=Joel Wallman}}; {{cite book|last=Karmen|first=Andrew|url=https://archive.org/details/newyorkmurdermys0000karm|title=New York Murder Mystery: The True Story Behind the Crime Crash of the 1990s|publisher=NYU Press|year=2000|isbn=978-0-8147-4717-9|url-access=registration}}</ref> including from immigration.<ref>{{cite web|last=Shurkin|first=Joel N.|date=February 13, 2013|title=Mystery Of New York's Falling Crime Rate Remains Unsolved|url=http://www.insidescience.org/content/mystery-new-yorks-falling-crime-rate-remains-unsolved/937|accessdate=July 5, 2015|publisher=American Institute of Physics}}</ref> Another theory is that widespread exposure to lead pollution from automobile exhaust, which can lower intelligence and increase aggression levels, incited the initial crime wave in the mid-20th century, most acutely affecting heavily trafficked cities like New York. A strong correlation was found demonstrating that violent crime rates in New York and other big cities began to fall after lead was removed from American gasoline in the 1970s.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Drum|first=Kevin|date=January–February 2013|title=America's Real Criminal Element: Lead|url=https://www.motherjones.com/environment/2013/01/lead-crime-link-gasoline?page=1|magazine=Mother Jones|accessdate=March 3, 2013}}</ref> Another theory cited to explain New York City's falling homicide rate is the inverse correlation between the number of murders and the increasingly wet climate in the city.<ref>{{cite news|last=Lehren|first=Andrew W.|last2=Hauser|first2=Christine|date=July 2, 2009|title=In New York City, Fewer Murders on Rainy Days|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/07/03/nyregion/03murder.html|accessdate=July 5, 2015}}</ref>

[[Organized crime]] has long been associated with New York City, beginning with the [[Forty Thieves (New York gang)|Forty Thieves]] and the [[Roach Guards]] in the [[Five Points, Manhattan|Five Points]] in the 1820s. The 20th century saw a rise in the [[American Mafia|Mafia]], dominated by the [[Five Families]], as well as in [[gang]]s, including the [[Black Spades]].<ref>"[http://www.gothamgazette.com/article/issueoftheweek/20010305/200/161 Youth Gangs]". [[Gotham Gazette]]. March 5, 2001.</ref> The Mafia and gang presence has declined in the city in the 21st century.<ref>{{cite news|author1=Sean Gardiner|author2=Pervaiz Shallwani|date=February 18, 2014|title=NY Crime—Mafia Is Down—but Not Out—Crime Families Adapt to Survive, Lowering Profile and Using Need-to-Know Tactics|newspaper=The Wall Street Journal|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702304626804579363363092833756|accessdate=July 8, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=August 18, 2015|title=How New York Gang Culture Is Changing|url=https://www.vice.com/read/how-new-york-citys-gang-culture-is-changing-818|publisher=VICE}}</ref>

==== Firefighting ====
{{main|New York City Fire Department}}
[[File:FDNY_Tower_Ladder_1_(897367891).jpg|alt=|thumb|The [[New York City Fire Department|Fire Department of New York]] (FDNY) is the largest municipal fire department in the United States.]]
The [[New York City Fire Department|Fire Department of New York]] (FDNY), provides [[fire protection]], technical rescue, primary response to biological, chemical, and radioactive hazards, and [[emergency medical services]] for the five boroughs of New York City. The FDNY is the largest municipal [[fire department]] in the United States and the second largest in the world after the [[Tokyo Fire Department]]. The FDNY employs approximately 11,080 uniformed [[firefighter]]s and more than 3,300 uniformed [[Emergency medical technician|EMTs]] and [[paramedic]]s. The FDNY's motto is ''New York's Bravest''.

The fire department faces multifaceted firefighting challenges in many ways unique to New York. In addition to responding to [[List of building types|building types]] that range from wood-frame single family homes to [[High-rise|high-rise structures]], the FDNY also responds to fires that occur in the [[New York City Subway]].<ref>https://www.hsdl.org/?view&did=730260</ref> Secluded bridges and tunnels, as well as large parks and wooded areas that can give rise to brush fires, also present challenges.

The FDNY headquarters is located at [[9 MetroTech Center]] in [[Downtown Brooklyn]],<ref>{{cite web|title=9 Metrotech Center—FDNY Headquarters|url=http://www.fmmcorp.com/p_gov5.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118054305/http://www.fmmcorp.com/p_gov5.html|archive-date=January 18, 2012|access-date=November 5, 2009|publisher=Fresh Meadow Mechanical Corp}}</ref> and the FDNY Fire Academy is located on [[Randalls and Wards Islands|Randalls Island]].<ref>{{cite web|title=FDNY Fire Academy|url=http://nyc.gov/html/fdny/html/units/fire_academy/fa_index.shtml|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141014104143/http://www.nyc.gov/html/fdny/html/units/fire_academy/fa_index.shtml|archivedate=October 14, 2014|accessdate=October 8, 2014|publisher=The City of New York}}</ref> There are three Bureau of Fire Communications alarm offices which receive and dispatch alarms to appropriate units. One office, at 11 Metrotech Center in Brooklyn, houses Manhattan/Citywide, Brooklyn, and Staten Island Fire Communications; the Bronx and Queens offices are in separate buildings.

=== Public library system ===
[[File:New_York_Public_Library_May_2011.JPG|alt=|thumb|The Stephen A. Schwarzman Headquarters Building of the [[New York Public Library]], at [[Fifth Avenue|5th Avenue]] and [[42nd Street (Manhattan)|42nd Street]].]]
The [[New York Public Library]], which has the largest collection of any public library system in the United States, serves Manhattan, the Bronx, and Staten Island.<ref name="libraryspot">{{cite web|title=Nation's Largest Libraries|url=http://www.libraryspot.com/lists/listlargestlibs.htm|accessdate=September 1, 2008|publisher=LibrarySpot}}</ref> Queens is served by the [[Queens Borough Public Library]], the nation's second largest public library system, while the [[Brooklyn Public Library]] serves Brooklyn.<ref name="libraryspot" />

== Culture and contemporary life ==
{{Further|Culture of New York City|List of nightclubs in New York City|List of people from New York City}}New York City has been described as the cultural capital of the world by New York's [[Baruch College]].<ref name="cultural4">{{cite web|title=Introduction to Chapter 14: New York City (NYC) Culture|url=http://www.baruch.cuny.edu/nycdata/Culture/intro.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130505181316/http://www.baruch.cuny.edu/nycdata/culture/intro.htm|archivedate=May 5, 2013|accessdate=July 1, 2018|publisher=The Weissman Center for International Business Baruch College/CUNY 2011}}</ref> A book containing a series of essays titled ''New York, Culture Capital of the World, 1940–1965'' has also been published as showcased by the [[National Library of Australia]].<ref name="cultural5">{{Cite book|url=http://catalogue.nla.gov.au/Record/371497|title=New York, Culture Capital of the World, 1940–1965 / edited by Leonard Wallock; essays by Dore Ashton ... [et al.]|publisher=National Library of Australia|year=1988|isbn=978-0-8478-0990-5|accessdate=July 1, 2018}}</ref> In describing New York, author [[Tom Wolfe]] said, "Culture just seems to be in the air, like part of the weather."<ref>{{cite press release|title=Speeches: Tom Christopher Exhibit Opening|publisher=Consulate General of the United States: Frankfurt, Germany|date=May 9, 2007|url=http://frankfurt.usconsulate.gov/frankfurt/speech05092007b.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070723115555/http://frankfurt.usconsulate.gov/frankfurt/speech05092007.html|archivedate=July 23, 2007|accessdate=September 1, 2008}}</ref>

Numerous major American cultural movements began in the city, such as the [[Harlem Renaissance]], which established the African-American literary canon in the United States.<ref>{{cite news|date=February 8, 1987|title=Harlem in the Jazz Age|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/02/08/magazine/harlem-in-the-jazz-age.html?src=pm|accessdate=May 31, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=May 24, 1998|title=ART; A 1920's Flowering That Didn't Disappear|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/05/24/arts/art-a-1920-s-flowering-that-didn-t-disappear.html?src=pm|accessdate=May 31, 2012}}</ref> The city was a center of [[jazz]]<ref name="Jazzzz">{{cite web|title=Harlem Renaissance Music in the 1920s|url=http://www.1920s-fashion-and-music.com/Harlem-Renaissance-music.html|accessdate=June 1, 2012|publisher=1920s Fashion & Music}}</ref> in the 1940s, [[abstract expressionism]] in the 1950s, and the birthplace of [[Hip hop culture|hip hop]] in the 1970s.<ref name="BPOHPINY">{{cite news|date=May 21, 2007|title=Will Gentrification Spoil the Birthplace of Hip-Hop?—New York|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/05/21/nyregion/21citywide.html?pagewanted=all|accessdate=June 1, 2012}}</ref> The city's [[Punk subculture|punk]]<ref>Harrington, Joe S. ''Sonic Cool: The Life & Death of Rock 'N' Roll''. pp. 324–30. 2002. Hal-Leonard.</ref> and [[Hardcore punk|hardcore]]<ref>{{cite magazine|date=September 2009|title=Survival of the Streets|url=https://www.vice.com/read/survival-of-the-streets-137-v16n9|magazine=Vice|accessdate=June 1, 2012}}</ref> scenes were influential in the 1970s and 1980s. New York has long had a flourishing scene for [[Jewish American literature]].

The city is the birthplace of many cultural movements, including the [[Harlem Renaissance]] in literature and visual art; [[abstract expressionism]] (also known as the [[New York School (art)|New York School]]) in painting; and [[Hip hop music|hip hop]],<ref name="auto" /> [[Punk rock|punk]], [[Salsa music|salsa]], [[Freestyle music|freestyle]], [[Tin Pan Alley]], certain forms of [[jazz]], and (along with [[Philadelphia]]) [[disco]] in music. New York City has been considered the dance capital of the world.<ref>{{cite web|title=Free To Dance—About The Film|url=https://www.pbs.org/wnet/freetodance/about/episodes.html|accessdate=July 10, 2011|publisher=Public Broadcasting Service}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Group Visits|url=http://www.alvinailey.org/about/visit-us/group-visits|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110513030823/http://www.alvinailey.org/about/visit-us/group-visits|archivedate=May 13, 2011|accessdate=July 10, 2011|publisher=Alvin Ailey Dance Foundation, Inc}}</ref> The city is also frequently the setting for novels, movies (see [[List of films set in New York City]]), and television programs. [[New York Fashion Week]] is one of the world's preeminent fashion events and is afforded extensive coverage by the media.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Bradford|first1=Julie|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H2xeBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA129|title=Fashion Journalism|publisher=Routledge|year=2014|isbn=978-1-136-47536-8|page=129|accessdate=July 18, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Dillon|first=Susan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3XFMAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA115|title=The Fundamentals of Fashion Management|publisher=A&C Black|year=2011|isbn=978-2-940411-58-0|page=115|accessdate=July 18, 2015}}</ref> New York has also frequently been ranked the top [[fashion capital]] of the world on the annual list compiled by the [[Global Language Monitor]].<ref>{{cite web|title=New York retakes Top Global Fashion Capital Title from London, edging past Paris|url=http://www.languagemonitor.com/category/fashion/fashion-capitals/|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140423211506/http://www.languagemonitor.com/category/fashion/fashion-capitals/|archivedate=April 23, 2014|accessdate=February 11, 2014|publisher=Languagemonitor.com}}</ref>

=== Pace ===
One of the most common traits attributed to New York City is its fast pace,<ref name="FastPaceNYC1">{{cite web|author=Kelsy Chauvin|date=March 15, 2019|title=15 Things NOT to Do in New York City|url=https://www.fodors.com/world/north-america/usa/new-york/new-york-city/experiences/news/15-things-not-to-do-in-new-york-city|accessdate=March 23, 2019|publisher=Fodor's|quote=There are more than 8.6 million citizens of New York City, and they're pretty much all in a hurry. They're also shrewd, outspoken, and proudly able to survive in a metropolis that tends to punish the meek. The buzzing subway system alone is a symbol of how this city works: part ballet, part battlefield. Residents and visitors alike can see why New York is considered the greatest city in the world.}}</ref> which spawned the term ''[[wiktionary:New York minute|New York minute]]''.<ref name="NewYorkMinuteDefinition">{{cite dictionary|url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/new%20york%20minute|title=Dictionary—Full Definition of ''New York Minute''|dictionary=Merriam-Webster|accessdate=November 1, 2015}}</ref> Journalist [[Walt Whitman]] characterized New York's streets as being traversed by "hurrying, feverish, electric crowds".<ref name="FastPaceNYC3">{{Cite book|author=Stephen Miller|url=https://books.google.com/?id=tfsmDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA50&lpg=PA50&dq=hurrying+feverish+electric+crowds+new+york#v=onepage&q=hurrying%20feverish%20electric%20crowds%20new%20york&f=false|title=Walking New York: Reflections of American Writers from Walt Whitman to Teju Cole|year=2016|isbn=978-0-8232-7425-3|pages=46, 50, 131|accessdate=May 10, 2017}}</ref>

=== Arts ===
New York City has more than 2,000 arts and cultural organizations and more than 500 [[Art gallery|art galleries]].<ref name="NYC arts">{{cite web|date=December 2005|title=Creative New York|url=http://www.nycfuture.org/images_pdfs/pdfs/CREATIVE_NEW_YORK.pdf|accessdate=September 1, 2008|publisher=Center for an Urban Future}}</ref> The city government funds the arts with a larger annual budget than the [[National Endowment for the Arts]].<ref name="NYC arts" /> Wealthy [[business magnate]]s in the 19th century built a network of major cultural institutions, such as the famed [[Carnegie Hall]] and the [[The Metropolitan Museum of Art|Metropolitan Museum of Art]], that would become internationally established. The advent of electric lighting led to elaborate theater productions, and in the 1880s, New York City theaters on [[Broadway (Manhattan)|Broadway]] and along 42nd Street began featuring a new stage form that became known as the [[Musical theatre|Broadway musical]]. Strongly influenced by the city's immigrants, productions such as those of [[Edward Harrigan|Harrigan and Hart]], [[George M. Cohan]], and others used song in narratives that often reflected themes of hope and ambition. New York City itself is the [[List of plays and musicals set in New York City|subject or background]] of many plays and musicals.

==== Performing arts ====
{{main|Broadway theatre|Music of New York City}}
[[File:Lincoln_Center_Twilight.jpg|alt=The corner of a lit up plaza with a fountain in the center and the ends of two brightly lit buildings with tall arches on the square.|thumb|[[Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts]]]]
Broadway theatre is one of the premier forms of English-language theatre in the world, named after [[Broadway (Manhattan)|Broadway]], the major thoroughfare that crosses [[Times Square]],<ref>{{cite news|last=Welsh|first=Anne Marie|date=June 6, 2004|title=2 plays + 9 nominations=good odds for locals|newspaper=U-T San Diego|url=http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/features/20040606-9999-1a6tony.html|url-status=dead|accessdate=September 1, 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081005110339/http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/features/20040606-9999-1a6tony.html|archivedate=October 5, 2008}}</ref> also sometimes referred to as "[[The Great White Way]]".<ref>McBeth, VR. [https://web.archive.org/web/20110504160457/http://timessquare.com/NYC__/Times_Square_History/The_Great_White_Way/ "The Great White Way"] on TimesSquare.com. Quote: "Coined in 1901 by O.J. Gude, the designer of many prominent advertising displays, to describe the new light show that beckoned along Broadway, The Great White Way is a phrase known worldwide to describe Broadway's profusion of theaters in Times Square."</ref><ref>Tell, Darcy. [https://books.google.com/books?id=NwaLWFSG3rcC&pg=PA41 ''Times Square spectacular: lighting up Broadway''] New York: HarperCollins, 2007</ref><ref>Allen, Irving Lewis. [https://books.google.com/books?id=j41z0yeKbeIC&pg=PA59 ''The City in Slang: New York Life and Popular Speech'']. New York: Oxford University Press, 1995. Quote: "By 1910, the blocks of Broadway just above 42nd Street were at the very heart of the Great White Way. The glow of Times Square symbolized the center of New York, if not of the world."</ref> Forty-one venues in Midtown Manhattan's [[Theatre District, Manhattan|Theatre District]], each with at least 500 seats, are classified as Broadway theatres. According to [[The Broadway League]], Broadway shows sold approximately $1.27 billion worth of tickets in the 2013–2014 season, an 11.4% increase from $1.139 billion in the 2012–2013 season. Attendance in 2013–2014 stood at 12.21 million, representing a 5.5% increase from the 2012–2013 season's 11.57 million.<ref name="league">{{cite web|title=Broadway Calendar-Year Statistics|url=http://www.broadwayleague.com/index.php?url_identifier=calendar-year-stats-1|accessdate=July 20, 2014|publisher=The Broadway League}}</ref> Performance artists displaying diverse skills are ubiquitous on the streets of Manhattan.

[[Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts]], anchoring [[Lincoln Square, Manhattan|Lincoln Square]] on the Upper West Side of Manhattan, is home to numerous influential arts organizations, including the [[Metropolitan Opera]], [[New York City Opera]], [[New York Philharmonic]], and [[New York City Ballet]], as well as the [[Vivian Beaumont Theater]], the [[Juilliard School]], [[Jazz at Lincoln Center]], and [[Alice Tully Hall]]. The [[Lee Strasberg Theatre and Film Institute]] is in [[Union Square (New York City)|Union Square]], and [[Tisch School of the Arts]] is based at New York University, while [[Central Park SummerStage]] presents free music concerts in Central Park.<ref>{{cite web|title=About Summer Stage|url=http://www.cityparksfoundation.org/summerstage/about/|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121016075818/http://www.cityparksfoundation.org/summerstage/about/|archivedate=October 16, 2012|accessdate=June 14, 2012|publisher=City Parks Foundation}}</ref>
[[File:Metropolitan_Museum_1_(4675714481).jpg|alt=A very ornate multi-story stone façade rises over steps and a plaza at night.|thumb|[[The Metropolitan Museum of Art]], part of [[Museum Mile, New York City|Museum Mile]], is one of the largest museums in the world.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Metropolitan Museum of Art General Information|url=http://www.metmuseum.org/en/about-the-museum/press-room/general-information?pg=1&rpp=50|accessdate=September 10, 2012|publisher=The Metropolitan Museum of Art}}</ref>]]

==== Visual arts ====
{{main|List of museums and cultural institutions in New York City}}
New York City is home to hundreds of cultural institutions and historic sites. [[Fifth Avenue|Museum Mile]] is the name for a section of Fifth Avenue running from 82nd to 105th streets on the [[Upper East Side]] of Manhattan,<ref name="festival">{{cite web|title=Museum Mile Festival|url=http://www.museummilefestival.org/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120804102650/http://museummilefestival.org/|archive-date=August 4, 2012|accessdate=August 23, 2014|publisher=Official site}}</ref> in an area sometimes called Upper [[Carnegie Hill]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Kusisto|first=Laura|date=October 21, 2011|title=Reaching High on Upper 5th Avenue|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052970204618704576643022038133998|url-status=live|accessdate=August 23, 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111023171126/http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052970204618704576643022038133998.html|archivedate=October 23, 2011}}</ref> The Mile, which contains one of the densest displays of culture in the world, is actually three blocks longer than one mile (1.6 km). Ten museums occupy the length of this section of Fifth Avenue.<ref name="mmilemus">{{cite web|title=Museums on the Mile|url=http://www.museummilefestival.org/museums/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120101013336/http://www.museummilefestival.org/museums/|archivedate=January 1, 2012|accessdate=August 23, 2014}}</ref> The tenth museum, the [[Museum for African Art]], joined the ensemble in 2009, although its museum at [[110th Street (Manhattan)|110th Street]], the first new museum constructed on the Mile since the [[Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum|Guggenheim]] in 1959,<ref name="mafr">{{cite news|last=Chan|first=Sewell|date=February 9, 2007|title=Museum for African Art Finds its Place|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/02/09/arts/design/09muse.html?_r=3&oref=slogin&adxnnlx=1171034919-Ngcv5cZscyaXSLcM4mrzXw&pagewanted=all&oref=slogin|accessdate=August 23, 2014}}</ref> opened in late 2012. In addition to other programming, the museums collaborate for the annual Museum Mile Festival, held each year in June, to promote the museums and increase visitation.<ref name="drv">{{Cite news|date=June 27, 1979|title=New Drive Promoting 5th Ave.'s 'Museum Mile'|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FB0F1FFA395D12728DDDAE0A94DE405B898BF1D3|accessdate=August 23, 2014}}</ref> Many of the world's most lucrative [[art auction]]s are held in New York City.<ref name="NYCArtAuction1">{{cite news|author=Robin Pogrebin and Scott Reyburn|date=November 15, 2017|title=Leonardo da Vinci Painting Sells for $450.3 Million, Shattering Auction Highs|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/15/arts/design/leonardo-da-vinci-salvator-mundi-christies-auction.html|accessdate=November 16, 2017}}</ref><ref name="NYCArtAuction2">{{cite web|date=November 15, 2017|title=Christ painting by Leonardo da Vinci sells for record $450M|url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/us/christ-painting-by-leonardo-da-vinci-sells-for-record-dollar450m/ar-BBEYwDu?li=BBnbfcL&ocid=iehp|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171116083413/http://www.msn.com/en-us/news/us/christ-painting-by-leonardo-da-vinci-sells-for-record-dollar450m/ar-BBEYwDu?li=BBnbfcL&ocid=iehp|archivedate=November 16, 2017|accessdate=November 15, 2017|publisher=Associated Press, on MSN}}</ref>

=== Cuisine ===
{{Main|Cuisine of New York City|List of restaurants in New York City}}
[[File:Smorgasburg_in_Dumbo.jpg|alt=People crowd around white tents in the foreground next to a red brick wall with arched windows. Above and to the left is a towering stone bridge.|thumb|[[Smorgasburg]] opened in 2011 as an open-air food market and is part of the [[Brooklyn Flea]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Strand|first=Oliver|date=July 5, 2011|title=Brooklyn Market: Woodstock of Eating|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/07/06/dining/reviews/smorgasburg-in-williamsburg-brooklyn-for-food-lovers.html|accessdate=May 29, 2013}}</ref>]]
New York City's food culture includes an array of international cuisines influenced by the city's immigrant history. [[Central Europe|Central]] and [[Eastern European]] immigrants, especially [[Jewish Americans|Jewish]] immigrants from those regions, brought [[bagel]]s, [[Cheesecake#North America|cheesecake]], [[hot dog]]s, [[knish]]es, and [[delicatessens]] (or [[delis]]) to the city. [[Italian diaspora|Italian]] immigrants brought [[New York-style pizza]] and [[Italian cuisine]] into the city, while Jewish immigrants and [[Irish diaspora|Irish]] immigrants brought [[pastrami]] and [[corned beef]], respectively.{{Citation needed|date=May 2020}} [[Chinese restaurant|Chinese]] and other Asian restaurants, sandwich joints, [[trattoria]]s, [[diner]]s, and [[coffeehouse]]s are ubiquitous throughout the city. Some 4,000 mobile food vendors licensed by the city, many immigrant-owned, have made Middle Eastern foods such as [[falafel]] and [[kebab]]s<ref>{{cite news|last=Bleyer|first=Jennifer|date=May 14, 2006|title=Kebabs on the Night Shift|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/05/14/nyregion/thecity/14vend.html|accessdate=January 17, 2014}}</ref> examples of modern New York [[street food]]. The city is home to "nearly one thousand of the finest and most diverse [[haute cuisine]] restaurants in the world", according to [[Michelin]].<ref>{{cite web|title=27,479 restaurants selected by the Michelin Guide—Top Destinations|url=http://www.viamichelin.com/web/Restaurants|accessdate=August 24, 2014|publisher=Michelin}}</ref> The [[New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene]] assigns letter grades to the city's restaurants based upon their inspection results.<ref>{{cite web|title=Restaurant Inspection Results (Letter Grades)|url=http://www.nyc.gov/html/doh/html/services/restaurant-inspection.shtml|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140122123431/http://www.nyc.gov/html/doh/html/services/restaurant-inspection.shtml|archivedate=January 22, 2014|accessdate=January 19, 2014|publisher=The New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene}}</ref> As of 2019, there were 27,043 restaurants in the city, up from 24,865 in 2017.<ref>[https://indefenseofliberty.blog/2019/04/08/15-per-hour-minimum-wage-isnt-what-nyc-restaurant-workers-ordered/] Accessed June 1, 2019.</ref> The ''Queens Night Market'' in [[Flushing Meadows–Corona Park]] attracts more than ten thousand people nightly to sample food from more than 85 countries.<ref name="QueensNightMarket">{{cite web|author=Will Gleason|date=March 11, 2019|title=Citing its diversity and culture, NYC was voted best city in the world in new global survey|url=https://www.timeout.com/newyork/news/new-york-voted-best-city-in-the-world-in-massive-worldwide-survey-031119|accessdate=June 23, 2019|work=Time Out|quote=Just look at the Queens Night Market, which began in the summer of 2015 as a collection of 40 vendors serving authentic and affordable international cuisine in Flushing Meadows Corona Park. Since then, it's steadily attracted more and more attendees and, last year, averaged 10,000 people a night. Those thousands of New Yorkers weren't just hungry for new food, but for new points-of-view. "When I first started, it was all about how can we attract people with an event that's as affordable and diverse as possible," says Night Market founder John Wang. "We've now been able to represent over 85 countries, and I'm constantly hearing examples of people branching out and trying things they've never heard of before.}}</ref>

=== Parades ===
{{multiple image
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| image1 = The famous Macy's Turkey (3064244803).jpg
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| image2 = Greenwich Village Halloween Parade (6451249051).jpg
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| image3 = Apollo 11 ticker tape parade 2.jpg
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| footer = Clockwise, from upper left: the annual [[Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade]], the world's largest parade;<ref name=NYCThanksgivingParade/> the annual [[New York's Village Halloween Parade|Halloween Parade]] in [[Greenwich Village]]; the annual [[Filipinos in the New York City metropolitan region|Philippine]] [[Philippine Independence Day Parade|Independence Day Parade]]; and the [[List of ticker-tape parades in New York City|ticker-tape parade]] for the [[Apollo 11]] [[astronaut]]s
}}
New York City is well known for its street [[parade]]s, which celebrate a broad array of themes, including holidays, nationalities, human rights, and major league sports team championship victories. The majority of parades are held in Manhattan. The primary orientation of the annual street parades is typically from north to south, marching along major avenues. The annual [[Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade]] is the world's largest parade,<ref name="NYCThanksgivingParade">{{cite web|date=November 24, 2016|title=Millions Of Revelers Marvel Over Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade|url=http://newyork.cbslocal.com/2016/11/24/macys-thanksgiving-day-parade-2016/|accessdate=March 30, 2017|publisher=CBS Broadcasting Inc}}</ref> beginning alongside [[Central Park]] and processing southward to the flagship [[Macy's Herald Square]] store;<ref>{{cite web|author=Hilarey Wojtowicz|title=Guide to the 2016 Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade|url=http://www.familyvacationcritic.com/guide-to-2016-macys-thanksgiving-day-parade/art/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170329144025/http://www.familyvacationcritic.com/guide-to-2016-macys-thanksgiving-day-parade/art/|archive-date=March 29, 2017|accessdate=March 28, 2017|publisher=The Independent Traveler, Inc}}</ref> the parade is viewed on telecasts worldwide and draws millions of spectators in person.<ref name="NYCThanksgivingParade" /> Other notable parades including the annual [[New York St. Patrick's Day Parade|St. Patrick's Day Parade]] in March, the [[LGBT Pride March (New York City)|LGBT Pride March]] in June, the [[Greenwich Village Halloween Parade]] in October, and numerous parades commemorating the independence days of many nations. [[List of ticker-tape parades in New York City|Ticker-tape parades]] celebrating championships won by sports teams as well as other heroic accomplishments march northward along the [[Canyon of Heroes]] on [[Broadway (Manhattan)|Broadway]] from [[Bowling Green (New York City)|Bowling Green]] to [[City Hall Park]] in Lower Manhattan.

=== Accent and dialect ===
{{Main|New York City English|New York accent}}
The New York area is home to a distinctive regional speech pattern called the [[New York City English|New York dialect]], alternatively known as ''Brooklynese'' or ''New Yorkese''. It has generally been considered one of the most recognizable accents within [[American English]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Newman|first=Michael|title=American Voices|publisher=Blackwell|year=2005|isbn=978-1-4051-2109-5|editor1-last=Wolfram|editor1-first=Walt|pages=82–87|chapter=New York Talk|editor2-last=Ward|editor2-first=Ben}}</ref>

The traditional New York area accent is characterized as [[Rhotic and non-rhotic accents|non-rhotic]], so that the sound {{IPA|[ɹ]}} does not appear at the end of a [[syllable]] or immediately before a [[consonant]]; therefore the pronunciation of the city name as "New Yawk."<ref name="NYT19930214">{{cite news|last=Sontag|first=Deborah|date=February 14, 1993|title=Oy Gevalt! New Yawkese An Endangered Dialect?|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F0CE0D61438F937A25751C0A965958260|accessdate=July 19, 2014}}</ref> There is no {{IPA|[ɹ]}} in words like ''park'' {{IPA|[pɑək]}} or {{IPA|[pɒək]}} (with vowel backed and [[Vowel breaking|diphthongized]] due to the low-back chain shift), ''butter'' {{IPA|[bʌɾə]}}, or ''here'' {{IPA|[hiə]}}. In another feature called the low back chain shift, the {{IPA|[ɔ]}} vowel sound of words like ''talk'', ''law'', ''cross'', ''chocolate'', and ''coffee'' and the often [[homophonous]] {{IPA|[ɔr]}} in ''core'' and ''more'' are tensed and usually raised more than in [[General American]] English. In the most old-fashioned and extreme versions of the New York dialect, the vowel sounds of words like "girl" and of words like "oil" became a diphthong {{IPA|[ɜɪ]}}. This is often misperceived by speakers of other accents as a reversal of the ''er'' and ''oy'' sounds, so that ''girl'' is pronounced "goil" and ''oil'' is pronounced "erl"; this leads to the caricature of New Yorkers saying things like "Joizey" (Jersey), "Toidy-Toid Street" (33rd St.) and "terlet" (toilet).<ref name="NYT19930214" /> The character [[Archie Bunker]] from the 1970s [[Sitcom|television sitcom]] ''[[All in the Family]]'' was an example of having used this pattern of speech.

The classic version of the New York City dialect is generally centered on [[Middle class|middle]] and working-class New Yorkers. The influx of non-European immigrants in recent decades has led to changes in this distinctive dialect,<ref name="NYT19930214" /> and the traditional form of this speech pattern is no longer as prevalent among general New Yorkers as it has been in the past.<ref name="NYT19930214" />

=== Sports ===
{{multiple image
| align = right
| direction = vertical
| image1 = New York City Marathon 2014 (15082977714).jpg
| width1 = 225
| caption1 = The [[New York City Marathon|New York Marathon]] is the largest marathon in the world.<ref name="NYCMarathonWorld'sLargest">{{cite web |url=http://www.runnersworld.com/new-york-city-marathon/2017-new-york-city-marathon-entrants-by-the-numbers |title=2017 New York City Marathon Entrants By the Numbers—Applications for the world's largest race were at an all-time high for 2017 |author=Kit Fox |publisher=Runner's World—Rodale Inc |date=March 2, 2017 |accessdate=May 10, 2017}}</ref>
| alt1 = Three runners in a race down a street where onlookers are cheering behind barriers.
| image2 = Arthur ashe stadium interior.jpg
| width2 = 225
| caption2 = The [[U.S. Open (tennis)|U.S. Open Tennis Championships]] are held every August and September in [[Flushing Meadows-Corona Park]], Queens.
| alt2 = A tennis stadium pack with fans watching a grass court.
| image3 = Citi Field 2011.JPG
| width3 = 225
| caption3 = [[Citi Field]], also in Flushing Meadows-Corona Park, has been home to the [[New York Mets]] since 2009.
| alt3 = A baseball stadium from behind home plate in the evening.
}}{{Main|Sports in the New York metropolitan area}}
New York City is home to the headquarters of the [[National Football League]],<ref>{{cite web|title=National Football League Company Information|url=http://www.hoovers.com/company-information/cs/company-profile.National_Football_League.f36bd60db3fbcb01.html|accessdate=May 18, 2013|publisher=Hoover's, Inc}}</ref> [[Major League Baseball]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Major League Baseball Company Information|url=http://www.hoovers.com/company-information/cs/company-profile.Major_League_Baseball.690243a73fc37ae4.html|accessdate=May 18, 2013|publisher=Hoover's, Inc}}</ref> the [[National Basketball Association]],<ref>{{cite web|title=National Basketball Association, Inc. Company Information|url=http://www.hoovers.com/company-information/cs/company-profile.National_Basketball_Association_Inc.9752d99632cf8a45.html|accessdate=May 18, 2013|publisher=Hoover's, Inc}}</ref> the [[National Hockey League]],<ref>{{cite web|title=National Hockey League Company Information|url=http://www.hoovers.com/company-information/cs/company-profile.National_Hockey_League.6eb8cbd895fc6ce9.html|accessdate=May 18, 2013|publisher=Hoover's, Inc}}</ref> and [[Major League Soccer]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Major League Soccer, L.L.C. Company Information|url=http://www.hoovers.com/company-information/cs/company-profile.Major_League_Soccer_LLC.0432cbf68c309307.html|accessdate=May 18, 2013|publisher=Hoovers, Inc}}</ref> The New York metropolitan area hosts the [[List of American and Canadian cities by number of major professional sports franchises|most]] sports teams in the four major North American professional sports leagues with nine, one more than Los Angeles, and has 11 top-level professional sports teams if Major League Soccer is included, also one more than Los Angeles. Participation in professional sports in the city predates all professional leagues, and the city has been continuously hosting professional sports since the birth of the [[Brooklyn Dodgers]] in 1882.

The city has played host to more than forty major professional teams in the five sports and their respective competing league. Four of the ten most expensive stadiums ever built worldwide ([[MetLife Stadium]], the new [[Yankee Stadium]], [[Madison Square Garden]], and [[Citi Field]]) are located in the New York metropolitan area.<ref>{{cite web|author=Esteban|date=October 27, 2011|title=11 Most Expensive Stadiums in the World|url=http://www.totalprosports.com/2011/10/27/11-most-expensive-stadiums-in-the-world/|accessdate=September 2, 2012|publisher=Total Pro Sports}}</ref> Madison Square Garden, [[Madison Square Garden (1925)|its predecessor]], [[Yankee Stadium (1923)|the original Yankee Stadium]] and [[Ebbets Field]], are sporting venues located in New York City, the latter two having been commemorated on [[Postage stamps and postal history of the United States|U.S. postage stamps]]. New York was the first of eight American cities to have won titles in all four major leagues (MLB, NHL, NFL and NBA), having done so following the Knicks' [[1970 NBA Finals|1970 title]]. In 1972, it became the first city to win titles in five sports when the Cosmos won the [[NASL Final 1972|NASL final]].

New York has been described as the "Capital of Baseball".<ref>{{cite video|url=https://www.pbs.org/kenburns/baseball/capital/|title=Baseball: A Film by Ken Burns; ''Inning 7: The Capital of Baseball''|publisher=PBS|medium=Television Documentary}}</ref> There have been 35 Major League Baseball [[World Series]] and 73 [[Pennant (sports)#Pennants as trophies|pennants]] won by New York teams. It is one of only five metro areas ([[Los Angeles metropolitan area|Los Angeles]], [[Chicago metropolitan area|Chicago]], [[Baltimore–Washington metropolitan area|Baltimore–Washington]], and the [[San Francisco Bay Area]] being the others) to have two baseball teams. Additionally, there have been 14 World Series in which two New York City teams played each other, known as a [[Subway Series]] and occurring most recently in {{wsy|2000}}. No other metropolitan area has had this happen more than once (Chicago in {{wsy|1906}}, St. Louis in {{wsy|1944}}, and the San Francisco Bay Area in {{wsy|1989}}).

The city's two Major League Baseball teams are the [[New York Mets]], who play at [[Citi Field]] in Queens,<ref>{{cite news|date=May 30, 2012|title=New York Mets—TeamReport|newspaper=Chicago Tribune|url=http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2012-05-30/sports/sns-rt-bbo-mets-teamreportmtze85ut3w0go-20120530_1_ruben-tejada-new-york-mets-josh-thole|accessdate=May 31, 2012}}</ref> and the [[New York Yankees]], who play at [[Yankee Stadium]] in the Bronx. These teams compete in six games of [[interleague play]] every regular season that has also come to be called the [[Subway Series]]. The Yankees have won a record 27 championships,<ref>{{cite web|title=New York Yankees: Facts, History, Stats, and Resources|url=http://www.thefreeresource.com/new-york-yankees-facts-history-stats-and-resources|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120605211426/http://www.thefreeresource.com/new-york-yankees-facts-history-stats-and-resources|archive-date=June 5, 2012|accessdate=May 31, 2012|publisher=The free sources}}</ref> while the Mets have won the World Series twice.<ref>{{cite news|date=October 8, 1986|title=How Mets, Colt .45s Grew Up To Beat The Bullies|newspaper=Chicago Tribune|url=http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1986-10-08/sports/8603150967_1_astros-nl-east-amazin-mets|accessdate=May 31, 2012}}</ref> The city also was once home to the Brooklyn Dodgers (now the [[Los Angeles Dodgers]]), who won the World Series once,<ref>{{cite web|title=Dodgers Timeline|url=http://losangeles.dodgers.mlb.com/la/history/timeline01.jsp|accessdate=September 22, 2008|publisher=Los Angeles Dodgers}}</ref> and the [[New York Giants (NL)|New York Giants]] (now the [[San Francisco Giants]]), who won the World Series five times. Both teams moved to California in 1958.<ref>{{cite web|title=Historical Moments|url=http://www.dodgers-giants.com/|accessdate=May 31, 2012|publisher=Dodgers Giants}}</ref> There are also two [[Minor League Baseball]] teams in the city, the [[Brooklyn Cyclones]]<ref>{{cite news|date=May 30, 2012|title=Major League Baseball, Police Athletic League and the Brooklyn Cyclones to host free MLB Umpire Camp|newspaper=MLB Press Release|url=http://mlb.mlb.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20120530&content_id=32491896&vkey=pr_mlb&c_id=mlb|accessdate=May 31, 2012}}</ref> and [[Staten Island Yankees]].<ref>{{cite news|date=May 31, 2012|title=New ownership group for Staten Island Yankees talks about future plans|newspaper=Silive|url=http://www.silive.com/siyankees/index.ssf/2012/05/new_ownership_group_for_staten.html|accessdate=May 17, 2012}}</ref>

The city is represented in the National Football League by the [[New York Giants]] and the [[New York Jets]], although both teams play their home games at MetLife Stadium in nearby [[East Rutherford, New Jersey]],<ref>{{cite news|date=December 22, 2011|title=Preparations Different for a Home-and-Home Contest|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/23/sports/football/for-giants-jets-game-metlife-stadium-preparations-differ.html?pagewanted=all|accessdate=May 31, 2012}}</ref> which hosted [[Super Bowl XLVIII]] in 2014.<ref>{{cite news|date=May 26, 2010|title=Owners warm up to New York/New Jersey as Super Bowl XLVIII host|publisher=National Football League|agency=Associated Press|url=http://www.nfl.com/news/story?id=09000d5d8184fc83&template=with-video-with-comments&confirm=true|accessdate=May 27, 2010|quote=It's the first time the league has gone to a cold-weather site that doesn't have a dome{{nbsp}}... the NFL will wait and see how this foray into the great outdoors in winter goes. Then the league might OK another bid}}</ref>

The metropolitan area is home to three National Hockey League teams. The [[New York Rangers]], the traditional representative of the city itself and one of the league's [[Original Six]], play at [[Madison Square Garden]] in Manhattan. The [[New York Islanders]], traditionally representing [[Nassau County, New York|Nassau]] and [[Suffolk County, New York|Suffolk]] Counties of [[Long Island]], play at [[Barclays Center]] in Brooklyn and are planning a return to Nassau County by way of a [[Belmont Park Arena|new arena]] just outside the border with Queens at [[Belmont Park]]. The [[New Jersey Devils]] play at [[Prudential Center]] in nearby [[Newark, New Jersey]] and traditionally represent the counties of neighboring [[New Jersey]] which are coextensive with the boundaries of the New York metropolitan area and media market.

The city's National Basketball Association teams are the [[Brooklyn Nets]], which played in and were named for New Jersey until 2012, and the [[New York Knicks]], while the [[New York Liberty]] is the city's [[Women's National Basketball Association]] team. The first national college-level basketball championship, the [[National Invitation Tournament]], was held in New York in 1938 and remains in the city.<ref>{{cite web|title=Postseason Overview|url=http://www.nit.org/history/nit-postseason.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080724155001/http://www.nit.org/history/nit-postseason.html|archivedate=July 24, 2008|accessdate=September 1, 2008|publisher=National Invitation Tournament}}</ref> The city is well known for its links to basketball, which is played in nearly every park in the city by local youth, many of whom have gone on to play for major college programs and in the NBA.

In soccer, New York City is represented by [[New York City FC]] of Major League Soccer, who play their home games at Yankee Stadium<ref>[https://www.nycfc.com/schedule] Accessed May 10, 2017</ref> and the [[New York Red Bulls]], who play their home games at [[Red Bull Arena (Harrison)|Red Bull Arena]] in nearby [[Harrison, New Jersey]].<ref>{{cite news|date=March 20, 2010|title=Picture-perfect opening for $200M Red Bull Arena in Harrison|agency=[[Associated Press]]|url=http://www.nj.com/hudson/index.ssf/2010/03/picture-perfect_opening_for_20.html}}</ref> Historically, the city is known for the [[New York Cosmos (1970–85)|New York Cosmos]], the highly successful former professional soccer team which was the American home of [[Pelé]]. A new version of the [[New York Cosmos (2010)|New York Cosmos]] was formed in 2010, and began play in the second division [[North American Soccer League]] in 2013. The Cosmos play their home games at [[James M. Shuart Stadium]] on the campus of [[Hofstra University]], just outside the New York City limits in [[Hempstead (village), New York|Hempstead, New York]].

The annual [[US Open (tennis)|United States Open Tennis Championships]] is one of the world's four [[Grand Slam (tennis)|Grand Slam]] tennis tournaments and is held at the [[USTA National Tennis Center|National Tennis Center]] in [[Flushing Meadows-Corona Park]], Queens.<ref>{{cite web|title=US Open 2015|url=http://www.usopen.org/|accessdate=July 6, 2015|publisher=United States Tennis Association}}</ref> The [[New York City Marathon]], which courses through all five boroughs, is the world's largest running marathon,<ref name="NYCMarathonWorld'sLargest" /> with 51,394 finishers in 2016<ref>{{cite web|date=July 2013|title=TCS New York City Marathon|url=http://www.tcsnycmarathon.org|accessdate=May 10, 2017|publisher=[[New York Road Runners]]}}</ref> and 98,247 applicants for the 2017 race.<ref name="NYCMarathonWorld'sLargest" /> The [[Millrose Games]] is an annual [[track and field]] meet whose featured event is the [[Wanamaker Mile]]. Boxing is also a prominent part of the city's sporting scene, with events like the Amateur Boxing Golden Gloves being held at [[Madison Square Garden]] each year.<ref>{{cite news|date=May 31, 2012|title=Boxer Johnny Tapia's 'crazy life' ends|publisher=CNN|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2012/05/28/us/new-mexico-dead-boxer/index.html|accessdate=May 28, 2012}}</ref> The city is also considered the host of the [[Belmont Stakes]], the last, longest and oldest of horse racing's [[Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing (United States)|Triple Crown races]], held just over the city's border at [[Belmont Park]] on the first or second Sunday of June. The city also hosted the [[1932 U.S. Open (golf)|1932 U.S. Open]] golf tournament and the [[1930 PGA Championship|1930]] and [[1939 PGA Championship|1939]] PGA Championships, and has been host city for both events several times, most notably for nearby [[Winged Foot Golf Club]]. The [[Gaelic games in North America|Gaelic games]] are played in [[Riverdale, Bronx]] at [[Gaelic Park]], home to the [[New York GAA]], the only North American team to compete at the senior [[Gaelic Athletic Association county|inter-county]] level.

== Transportation ==
{{Main|Transportation in New York City}}
[[File:Image-Grand_central_Station_Outside_Night_2.jpg|alt=A row of yellow taxis in front of a multi-story ornate stone building with three huge arched windows.|thumb|New York City is home to the two busiest [[train station]]s in the U.S., including [[Grand Central Terminal]].]]
New York City's comprehensive transportation system is both complex and extensive.

=== Rapid transit ===
Mass transit in New York City, most of which runs 24 hours a day, accounts for one in every three users of mass transit in the United States, and two-thirds of the nation's rail riders live in the New York City Metropolitan Area.<ref name="MTAinfo">{{cite web|title=The MTA Network: Public Transportation for the New York Region|url=http://web.mta.info/mta/network.htm|accessdate=August 30, 2012|publisher=Metropolitan Transportation Authority}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Pisarski|first=Alan|date=October 16, 2006|title=Commuting in America III: Commuting Facts|url=http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/nchrp/CIAIIIfacts.pdf|accessdate=August 30, 2012|publisher=Transportation Research Board}}</ref>

==== Rail ====
The iconic [[New York City Subway]] system is the largest [[rapid transit]] system in the world when measured by stations in operation, with {{NYCS const|number|total}}, and by length of routes. Nearly all of New York's subway system is open 24 hours a day, in contrast to the overnight shutdown common to systems in most cities, including [[MTR|Hong Kong]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Service Hours|url=http://www.mtr.com.hk/eng/getting_around/service_hours.html|accessdate=July 31, 2012|publisher=MTR}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Tsuen Wan Line|url=http://www.travelchinaguide.com/cityguides/hongkong/transportation/metro-tsuenwan-line.htm|accessdate=July 31, 2012|publisher=TravelChinaGuide.com}}</ref> [[London Underground|London]], [[Paris Métro|Paris]], [[Seoul Metropolitan Subway|Seoul]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Train Time Table—Search station|url=http://www.smrt.co.kr/program/Eng/Subway/Train/Station_select.jsp?main=Y|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120216194130/http://www.smrt.co.kr/program/Eng/Subway/Train/Station_select.jsp?main=Y|archivedate=February 16, 2012|accessdate=August 29, 2012|publisher=[[Seoul Metropolitan Rapid Transit Corporation]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Subway map|url=http://www.smrt.co.kr/program/cyberStation/main2.jsp?lang=e#|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120414225109/http://www.smrt.co.kr/program/cyberStation/main2.jsp?lang=e|archivedate=April 14, 2012|accessdate=August 29, 2012|publisher=Seoul Metropolitan Rapid Transit Corporation}}</ref> and [[Tokyo Subway|Tokyo]]. The New York City Subway is also [[Metro systems by annual passenger rides|the busiest metropolitan rail transit system in the Western Hemisphere]], with 1.76 billion passenger rides in 2015,<ref>{{cite web|title=Annual Subway Ridership|url=http://web.mta.info/nyct/facts/ridership/ridership_sub_annual.htm|accessdate=May 21, 2016|publisher=Metropolitan Transit Authority}}</ref> while [[Grand Central Terminal]], also referred to as "Grand Central Station", is the world's largest [[Train station|railway station]] by number of [[train platform]]s.
[[File:R160_E_enters_42nd_Street.jpg|alt=The front end of a subway train, with a red E on a LED display on the top. To the right of the train is a platform with a group of people waiting for their train.|left|thumb|The [[New York City Subway]] is the world's largest [[rapid transit]] system by length of routes and by number of [[Train station|stations]].]]
Public transport is essential in New York City. 54.6% of New Yorkers commuted to work in 2005 using mass transit.<ref>{{cite news|last=Christie|first=Les|date=June 29, 2007|title=New Yorkers are Top Transit Users|publisher=CNNMoney.com|url=http://money.cnn.com/2007/06/13/real_estate/public_transit_commutes/index.htm|accessdate=January 2, 2008}}</ref> This is in contrast to the rest of the United States, where 91% of commuters travel in automobiles to their workplace.<ref name="2001summary">{{cite web|year=2001|title=NHTS 2001 Highlights Report, BTS03-05|url=http://www.bts.gov/publications/highlights_of_the_2001_national_household_travel_survey/pdf/entire.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050514220419/http://www.bts.gov/publications/highlights_of_the_2001_national_household_travel_survey/pdf/entire.pdf|archive-date=May 14, 2005|accessdate=September 1, 2008|publisher=U.S. Department of Transportation, Bureau of Transportation Statistics}}</ref> According to the [[New York City Comptroller]], workers in the New York City area spend an average of 6{{nbsp}}hours and 18 minutes getting to work each week, the longest commute time in the nation among large cities.<ref>{{cite report|url=http://comptroller.nyc.gov/wp-content/uploads/documents/Longest_Work_Weeks_March_2015.pdf|title=The Hardest Working Cities|date=March 2015|publisher=Office of the New York City Comptroller}}</ref> New York is the only U.S. city in which a majority (52%) of households do not have a car; only 22% of Manhattanites own a car.<ref>{{cite web|last=Weinberger|first=Rachel|last2=Kaehny|first2=John|last3=Rufo|first3=Matthew|year=2010|title=U.S. Parking Policies: An Overview of Management Strategies|url=http://www.infrastructureusa.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/itdp_parking_fullreport.pdf|accessdate=June 11, 2011|publisher=Institute for Transportation and Development Policy|page=62|quote=New York City is the largest, densest and most transit- and pedestrian-oriented city in the United States. It is the only U.S. city in which a majority of households do not have a car. Despite this, New York City is very much an American city in the way it under prices and under uses curbside parking meters. Meter rates are far lower than in other leading world cities, and New York suffers from high levels of cruising and double parking (p. 62) ... Nationally 90% of households own automobiles. New Yorkers own fewer at 48% with only 22% of Manhattan residents owning automobiles (p. 78)}}</ref> Due to their [[List of U.S. cities with high transit ridership|high usage of mass transit]], New Yorkers spend less of their household income on transportation than the national average, saving $19 billion annually on transportation compared to other urban Americans.<ref>{{cite web|date=April 21, 2010|title=New York City's Green Dividend|url=http://www.streetsblog.org/2010/04/21/sustainable-transport-saves-new-yorkers-19-billion-per-year/|accessdate=January 26, 2012|publisher=CEOs for Cities}}</ref>

New York City's [[commuter rail]] network is the largest in North America.<ref name="MTAinfo" /> The rail network, connecting New York City to its suburbs, consists of the [[Long Island Rail Road]], [[Metro-North Railroad]], and [[New Jersey Transit rail operations|New Jersey Transit]]. The combined systems converge at Grand Central Terminal and [[Pennsylvania Station (New York City)|Pennsylvania Station]] and contain more than 250 stations and 20 rail lines.<ref name="MTAinfo" /> In Queens, the elevated [[AirTrain JFK|AirTrain]] [[people mover]] system connects [[JFK International Airport]] to the New York City Subway and the Long Island Rail Road; a separate AirTrain system is planned alongside the [[Grand Central Parkway]] to connect [[LaGuardia Airport]] to these transit systems.<ref>{{cite news|last=Durkin|first=Erin|date=January 20, 2015|title=Andrew Cuomo announces $450M plan to build AirTrain connecting LaGuardia Airport to the subway|newspaper=Daily News|location=New York|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/news/politics/cuomo-announces-plan-building-airtrain-laguardia-airport-article-1.2085807|accessdate=January 21, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Honan|first=Katie|title=Cuomo Announces AirTrain to LaGuardia Airport from Subway, LIRR|url=http://www.dnainfo.com/new-york/20150120/east-elmhurst/cuomo-announces-airtrain-laguardia-airport-from-subway-lirr|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150120233716/http://www.dnainfo.com/new-york/20150120/east-elmhurst/cuomo-announces-airtrain-laguardia-airport-from-subway-lirr|archivedate=January 20, 2015|accessdate=January 20, 2015|work=DNAinfo}}</ref> For [[intercity rail]], New York City is served by [[Amtrak]], whose busiest station by a significant margin is Pennsylvania Station on the [[West Side (Manhattan)|West Side]] of Manhattan, from which Amtrak provides connections to [[Boston]], [[Philadelphia]], and Washington, D.C. along the [[Northeast Corridor]], and long-distance train service to other North American cities.<ref>{{cite web|title=National Fact Sheet Fiscal Year 2013|url=http://www.amtrak.com/ccurl/826/406/Amtrak-National-Fact-Sheet-FY2013-rev.pdf|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150410143624/http://www.amtrak.com/ccurl/826/406/Amtrak-National-Fact-Sheet-FY2013-rev.pdf|archivedate=April 10, 2015|accessdate=April 20, 2015|publisher=Amtrak}}</ref>

The [[Staten Island Railway]] rapid transit system solely serves Staten Island, operating 24 hours a day. The [[Port Authority Trans-Hudson]] (PATH train) links Midtown and Lower Manhattan to [[northeastern New Jersey]], primarily [[Hoboken, New Jersey|Hoboken]], [[Jersey City, New Jersey|Jersey City]], and [[Newark, New Jersey|Newark]]. Like the New York City Subway, the PATH operates 24 hours a day; meaning three of the six rapid transit systems in the world which operate on 24-hour schedules are wholly or partly in New York (the others are a portion of the [[Chicago 'L']], the [[PATCO Speedline]] serving Philadelphia, and the [[Copenhagen Metro]]).

Multibillion-dollar [[heavy rail]] transit projects under construction in New York City include the [[Second Avenue Subway]], and the [[East Side Access]] project.<ref>{{cite news|last=Dobnik|first=Verena|date=February 7, 2013|title=NYC Transit Projects: East Side Access, Second Avenue Subway, And 7 Train Extension (PHOTOS)|work=HuffPost|url=https://huffingtonpost.com/2013/02/07/nyc-subway-underground-rail-second-avenue-subway_n_2637601.html|url-status=dead|accessdate=August 15, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130208120505/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/02/07/nyc-subway-underground-rail-second-avenue-subway_n_2637601.html|archive-date=February 8, 2013}}</ref>

==== Buses ====
[[File:Port-authority-terminal.jpg|thumb|The [[Port Authority Bus Terminal]], the world's busiest bus station, at [[8th Avenue (Manhattan)|8th Avenue]] and [[42nd Street (Manhattan)|42nd Street]].<ref name="PABT">{{cite press release|title=Architect Chosen for Planned Office Tower Above Port Authority Bus Terminal's North Wing|url=http://www.panynj.gov/AboutthePortAuthority/PressCenter/PressReleases/PressRelease/index.php?id=1154|publisher=[[Port Authority of New York and New Jersey]]|date=November 17, 2008|accessdate=August 12, 2014|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090222025919/http://www.panynj.gov/AboutthePortAuthority/PressCenter/PressReleases/PressRelease/index.php?id=1154|archivedate=February 22, 2009}}</ref>]]
New York City's public [[MTA Regional Bus Operations|bus fleet]] runs 24/7 and is the largest in North America.<ref>{{cite web|title=Top 100 Transit Bus Fleets|url=http://www.metro-magazine.com/resources/septoct_top100.pdf|accessdate=April 20, 2015|work=Metro Magazine|page=4}}</ref> The [[Port Authority Bus Terminal]], the main [[intercity bus]] terminal of the city, serves 7,000 buses and 200,000 commuters daily, making it the busiest bus station in the world.<ref name="PABT" />

=== Air ===
[[Aviation in the New York metropolitan area|New York's airspace]] is the busiest in the United States and one of the world's busiest air transportation corridors. The three busiest airports in the New York metropolitan area include [[John F. Kennedy International Airport]], [[Newark Liberty International Airport]], and [[LaGuardia Airport]]; 130.5 million travelers used these three airports in 2016, and the city's airspace is the busiest in the nation.<ref>{{cite web|date=April 14, 2017|title=The Port Authority of NY and NJ 2016 Air Traffic Report|url=http://www.panynj.gov/airports/pdf-traffic/ATR2016.pdf|accessdate=June 26, 2017|publisher=The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey}}</ref> JFK and Newark Liberty were the [[List of the busiest airports in the United States#10 busiest US airports by international passenger traffic (2012)|busiest and fourth busiest U.S. gateways]] for international air passengers, respectively, in 2012; {{As of|2011|lc=y}}, JFK was the [[World's busiest airports by international passenger traffic|busiest airport for international passengers]] in North America.<ref>{{cite web|title=2011 Year-to-date International passenger Traffic (as of December 2011)|url=http://www.aci.aero/cda/aci_common/display/main/aci_content07_c.jsp?zn=aci&cp=1-5-212-1376-1379_666_2__|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101206022153/http://www.aci.aero/cda/aci_common/display/main/aci_content07_c.jsp?zn=aci&cp=1-5-212-1376-1379_666_2__|archivedate=December 6, 2010|accessdate=October 8, 2014|publisher=Airports Council International}}</ref>
[[File:JFK_Plane_Queue.jpg|alt=Five jumbo airplanes wait in a line on a runway next to a small body of water. Behind them in the distance is the airport and control tower.|left|thumb|[[John F. Kennedy International Airport|John F. Kennedy Airport]] in Queens, the [[Busiest airports in the United States by international passenger traffic|busiest international air passenger gateway]] to the United States.]]
Plans have advanced to expand passenger volume at a fourth airport, [[Stewart International Airport]] near [[Newburgh, New York]], by the [[Port Authority of New York and New Jersey]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Strunsky|first=Steve|date=May 31, 2012|title=Stewart International Airport upgrade approved as Port Authority aims to increase passenger traffic|url=http://www.nj.com/news/index.ssf/2012/05/stewart_international_airport.html|accessdate=July 30, 2012|publisher=New Jersey On-Line LLC.}}</ref> Plans were announced in July 2015 to entirely rebuild LaGuardia Airport in a multibillion-dollar project to replace its aging facilities.<ref>{{cite news|last=McGeehan|first=Patrick|date=July 27, 2015|title=La Guardia Airport to Be Overhauled by 2021, Cuomo and Biden Say|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/28/nyregion/la-guardia-airport-to-be-rebuilt-by-2021-cuomo-and-biden-say.html|accessdate=July 28, 2015}}</ref> Other commercial airports in or serving the [[New York metropolitan area]] include [[Long Island MacArthur Airport]], [[Trenton–Mercer Airport]] and [[Westchester County Airport]]. The primary general aviation airport serving the area is [[Teterboro Airport]].

=== Ferries ===
[[File:Spirit_of_America_-_Staten_Island_Ferry.jpg|thumb|The [[Staten Island Ferry]] shuttles [[Commuting|commuters]] between Manhattan and Staten Island.]]
The [[Staten Island Ferry]] is the world's busiest [[Ferry|ferry route]], carrying more than 23 million passengers from July 2015 through June 2016 on the {{convert|5.2|mi|km|adj=on}} route between Staten Island and Lower Manhattan and running 24 hours a day.<ref>{{cite web|author=Anna Sanders|date=September 20, 2016|title=Staten Island Ferry ridership breaks record|url=http://www.silive.com/news/index.ssf/2016/09/staten_island_ferry_ridership.html|accessdate=December 31, 2016|publisher=SILive.com}}</ref> Other ferry systems shuttle commuters between Manhattan and other locales within the city and the metropolitan area.

[[NYC Ferry]], a [[New York City Economic Development Corporation|NYCEDC]] initiative with routes planned to travel to all five boroughs, was launched in 2017, with [[second grade]]rs choosing the names of the ferries.<ref>{{cite web|author=Zoe Rosenberg|date=April 17, 2017|title=First of New York's citywide ferries arrives in Brooklyn Bridge Park|url=http://ny.curbed.com/2017/4/17/15326348/nyc-ferry-routes-times|accessdate=April 17, 2017|publisher=Curbed New York, Vox Media}}</ref> Meanwhile, [[Seastreak ferry]] announced construction of a 600-passenger high-speed luxury ferry in September 2016, to shuttle riders between the [[Jersey Shore]] and Manhattan, anticipated to start service in 2017; this would be the largest vessel in its class.<ref>{{cite web|author=Larry Higgs|date=September 14, 2016|title=This is the new high-speed ferry coming to New Jersey in 2017|url=http://www.nj.com/traffic/index.ssf/2016/09/larger_faster_whats_inside_seastreaks_new_high_spe.html|accessdate=September 23, 2016|publisher=NJ Advance Media for NJ.com}}</ref>

=== Taxis, transport startups, and trams ===
{{see also|Taxicabs of New York City}}
[[File:NYC_Toyota_Prius_v.jpg|right|thumb|Yellow medallion taxicabs are widely recognized icons of the city]]
Other features of the city's transportation infrastructure encompass more than 12,000 [[Taxicabs of New York City|yellow taxicabs]];<ref>{{cite web|date=March 9, 2006|title=The State of the NYC Taxi|url=http://www.nyc.gov/html/tlc/downloads/pdf/state_of_taxi.pdf|accessdate=September 1, 2008|publisher=New York City Taxi and Limousine Commission}}</ref> various competing [[Startup company|startup]] [[Transportation network company|transportation network companies]]; and an [[Roosevelt Island Tramway|aerial tramway]] that transports commuters between Roosevelt Island and Manhattan Island. [[Ride-sharing]] services have become significant competition for cab drivers in New York.<ref>{{cite news|author=Winnie Hu|date=March 6, 2017|title=The Downside of Ride-Hailing: More New York City Gridlock|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/06/nyregion/uber-ride-hailing-new-york-transportation.html|accessdate=March 30, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Karen DeWitt|date=January 10, 2017|title=Cuomo pushes for ride-sharing services outside NYC|url=https://www.northcountrypublicradio.org/news/story/33192/20170110/cuomo-pushes-for-ride-sharing-services-outside-nyc|accessdate=March 29, 2017|publisher=North Country Public Radio}}</ref>

=== Streets and highways ===
[[File:Storm_at_Manhattan.jpg|thumb|8th Avenue, looking northward ("uptown"). Most streets and avenues in [[Commissioners' Plan of 1811|Manhattan's grid plan]] incorporate a [[one-way traffic]] configuration.]]
Despite New York's heavy reliance on its vast public transit system, streets are a defining feature of the city. [[Commissioners' Plan of 1811|Manhattan's street grid plan]] greatly influenced the city's physical development. Several of the city's streets and avenues, like [[Broadway (Manhattan)|Broadway]],<ref>{{cite web|title=The Myths and Metaphors of Music and Dance Singin' in the Rain|url=http://hofprints.hofstra.edu/2/02/The_Myths_and_Metaphors_of_Music_and_Dance_Singin'_in_the_Rain.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060902162226/http://hofprints.hofstra.edu/2/02/The_Myths_and_Metaphors_of_Music_and_Dance_Singin%27_in_the_Rain.html|archive-date=September 2, 2006|accessdate=February 6, 2012|publisher=Hofstra University}}</ref> [[Wall Street]],<ref>{{cite web|last=Nordquist|first=Richard|title=Grammar & Composition metonymy|url=http://grammar.about.com/od/mo/g/metonymy.htm|accessdate=February 6, 2012|publisher=About.com}}</ref> [[Madison Avenue (Manhattan)|Madison Avenue]],<ref name="MadisonAveMetonym">{{cite web|title=Definition of Metonymy|url=http://www.chegg.com/homework-help/definitions/metonymy-39|url-status=dead|archive-url=http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20160522170012/http%3A//www.chegg.com/homework%2Dhelp/definitions/metonymy%2D39|archive-date=May 22, 2016|accessdate=August 12, 2014|publisher=Chegg, Inc}}</ref> and [[Seventh Avenue (Manhattan)|Seventh Avenue]] are also used as [[Metonymy|metonyms]] for national industries there: the theater, finance, advertising, and fashion organizations, respectively.

New York City also has an extensive web of [[Freeway|expressways]] and [[parkway]]s, which link the city's boroughs to each other and to [[North Jersey|northern New Jersey]], [[Westchester County, New York|Westchester County]], [[Long Island]], and southwestern [[Connecticut]] through various [[Bridges and tunnels in New York City|bridges and tunnels]]. Because these highways serve millions of outer borough and suburban residents who [[Commuting|commute]] into Manhattan, it is quite common for motorists to be stranded for hours in [[Traffic congestion|traffic jams]] that are a daily occurrence, particularly during [[rush hour]].<ref name="recordonline.com">[http://www.recordonline.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20061024/BIZ/610240312/-1/NEWS03 George Washington Bridge turns 75 years old: Huge flag, cake part of celebration], ''[[Times Herald-Record]]'', October 24, 2006. "The party, however, will be small in comparison to the one that the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey organized for 5,000 people to open the bridge to traffic in 1931. And it won't even be on ''what is now the world's busiest bridge'' for fear of snarling traffic."</ref>

New York City is also known for its rules regarding turning at red lights. Unlike the rest of the United States, New York State prohibits right or left turns on red in cities with a population greater than one million, to reduce traffic collisions and increase pedestrian safety. In New York City, therefore, all turns at red lights are illegal unless a sign permitting such maneuvers is present.<ref>{{cite web|title=Rules of the Road|url=http://www.safeny.ny.gov/roadrule.htm|website=safeny.ny.gov}}</ref>{{failed verification|date=February 2020}}

==== River crossings ====
[[File:George_Washington_Bridge_from_New_Jersey-edit.jpg|left|thumb|The [[George Washington Bridge]], connecting [[Upper Manhattan]] (background) from [[Fort Lee, New Jersey|Fort Lee]], New Jersey across the [[Hudson River]], is the world's busiest motor vehicle bridge.<ref name="panynj.gov">{{cite web|title=Port Authority of New York and New Jersey—George Washington Bridge|url=http://www.panynj.gov/bridges-tunnels/george-washington-bridge.html|accessdate=March 10, 2014|publisher=The Port Authority of New York & New Jersey}}</ref><ref name="abcgwb">{{cite web|author1=Bod Woodruff|author2=Lana Zak|author3=Stephanie Wash|last-author-amp=yes|date=November 20, 2012|title=GW Bridge Painters: Dangerous Job on Top of the World's Busiest Bridge|url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/george-washington-bridge-painters-dangerous-job-top-worlds/story?id=17771877|accessdate=April 20, 2016|publisher=ABC News}}</ref>]]
New York City is located on one of the world's largest natural harbors,<ref>[http://www.history.com/shows/how-the-earth-was-made/videos/new-york-harbor#new-york-harbor New York Harbor Video—How the Earth Was Made]. Historycom. Retrieved April 12, 2014.</ref> and the boroughs of Manhattan and Staten Island are primarily coterminous with islands of the same names, while Queens and Brooklyn are located at the west end of the larger Long Island, and the Bronx is located on New York State's mainland. This situation of boroughs separated by water led to the development of an extensive infrastructure of bridges and tunnels.

The [[George Washington Bridge]] is the world's busiest motor vehicle bridge,<ref>{{cite web|title=Port Authority of New York and New Jersey—George Washington Bridge|url=http://www.panynj.gov/bridges-tunnels/george-washington-bridge.html|accessdate=September 13, 2013|publisher=The Port Authority of New York & New Jersey}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Woodruff|first=Bod|last2=Zak|first2=Lana|last3=Wash|first3=Stephanie|date=November 20, 2012|title=GW Bridge Painters: Dangerous Job on Top of the World's Busiest Bridge|url=https://abcnews.go.com/US/george-washington-bridge-painters-dangerous-job-top-worlds/story?id=17771877|accessdate=September 13, 2013|publisher=ABC News}}</ref> connecting Manhattan to [[Bergen County, New Jersey]]. The [[Verrazano-Narrows Bridge]] is the longest [[suspension bridge]] in the Americas and one of the world's longest.<ref name="infoplease.com">{{cite web|title=Longest Suspension Bridges in the World|url=http://www.infoplease.com/toptens/worldsuspbridges.html|accessdate=September 7, 2012|publisher=Pearson Education}}</ref><ref name="Verrazano-Narrows Bridge">{{cite web|title=Verrazano-Narrows Bridge|url=http://www.nycroads.com/crossings/verrazano-narrows/|accessdate=September 7, 2012|publisher=Eastern Roads}}</ref> The [[Brooklyn Bridge]] is an icon of the city itself. The towers of the Brooklyn Bridge are built of [[limestone]], [[granite]], and Rosendale cement, and their architectural style is neo-Gothic, with characteristic pointed arches above the passageways through the stone towers. This bridge was also the longest suspension bridge in the world from its opening until 1903, and is the first steel-wire suspension bridge. The [[Queensboro Bridge]] is an important piece of [[Cantilever bridge|cantilever architecture]]. The [[Manhattan Bridge]], opened in 1909, is considered to be the forerunner of modern [[suspension bridge]]s, and its design served as the model for many of the long-span suspension bridges around the world; the Manhattan Bridge, [[Throgs Neck Bridge]], [[Triborough Bridge]], and Verrazano-Narrows Bridge are all examples of [[Structural Expressionism]].<ref>[http://nyc-architecture.com/BRI/BRI002-ManhattanBridge.htm New York Architecture Images-Manhattan Bridge]. Nyc-architecture.com (December 31, 1909). Retrieved April 12, 2014.</ref><ref>[http://nyc-architecture.com/STYLES/STY-struc.htm New York Architecture Images]. Nyc-architecture.com. Retrieved April 12, 2014.</ref>

Manhattan Island is linked to New York City's outer boroughs and New Jersey by several tunnels as well. The [[Lincoln Tunnel]], which carries 120,000 vehicles a day under the Hudson River between New Jersey and Midtown Manhattan, is the busiest vehicular tunnel in the world.<ref>{{cite web|title=Lincoln Tunnel Historic Overview|url=http://www.nycroads.com/crossings/lincoln/|accessdate=August 13, 2014|publisher=Eastern Roads}}</ref> The tunnel was built instead of a bridge to allow unfettered passage of large passenger and [[cargo ship]]s that sailed through New York Harbor and up the Hudson River to Manhattan's piers. The [[Holland Tunnel]], connecting Lower Manhattan to [[Jersey City, New Jersey]], was the world's first mechanically ventilated vehicular tunnel when it opened in 1927.<ref>[http://www.nycroads.com/crossings/holland/ Holland Tunnel (I-78)]. Nycroads.com. Retrieved April 12, 2014.</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Holland Tunnel|url=http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=2176&ResourceType=Structure|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140629011542/http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=2176&ResourceType=Structure|archivedate=June 29, 2014|accessdate=August 13, 2014|work=National Historic Landmark Quicklinks|publisher=[[National Park Service]]}}</ref> The [[Queens-Midtown Tunnel]], built to relieve congestion on the bridges connecting Manhattan with Queens and Brooklyn, was the largest non-federal project in its time when it was completed in 1940.<ref>{{cite web|title=Queens-Midtown Tunnel Historic Overview|url=http://www.nycroads.com/crossings/queens-midtown/|accessdate=August 13, 2014|publisher=Eastern Roads}}</ref> President [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] was the first person to drive through it.<ref>"President the 'First' to Use Midtown Tube; Precedence at Opening Denied Hundreds of Motorists", ''The New York Times'', November 9, 1940. p. 19.</ref> The [[Brooklyn-Battery Tunnel]] (officially known as the Hugh L. Carey Tunnel) runs underneath [[Battery Park]] and connects the [[Financial District, Manhattan|Financial District]] at the southern tip of Manhattan to [[Red Hook, Brooklyn|Red Hook]] in Brooklyn.

=== Cycling network ===
{{Main|Cycling in New York City}}
[[Cycling in New York City]] is associated with mixed cycling conditions that include urban density, relatively flat terrain, congested roadways with "stop-and-go" traffic, and many pedestrians. The city's large cycling population includes [[Utility cycling|utility cyclists]], such as delivery and messenger services; [[cycling club]]s for recreational cyclists; and increasingly [[Bicycle commuting|commuters]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Fried|first=Ben|date=November 9, 2009|title=Count on It: NYC Bike Commuting Climbs 26 Percent|url=http://www.streetsblog.org/2009/11/09/count-on-it-nyc-bike-commuting-climbs-26-percent/|accessdate=February 26, 2010|work=streetsblog.org}}</ref> Cycling is increasingly popular in New York City; in 2017 there were approximately 450,000 daily bike trips, compared with 170,000 daily bike trips in 2005.<ref>Hu, Winnie. "More New Yorkers Opting for Life in the Bike Lane." The New York Times, The New York Times, July 30, 2017, www.nytimes.com/2017/07/30/nyregion/new-yorkers-bike-lanes-commuting.html.</ref> {{As of|2017||df=}}, New York City had {{convert|1333|mi|km}} of bike lanes, compared to {{convert|513|mi|km}} of bike lanes in 2006.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Hu|first=Winnie|date=July 30, 2017|title=More New Yorkers Opting for Life in the Bike Lane|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/30/nyregion/new-yorkers-bike-lanes-commuting.html|access-date=July 11, 2019|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> As of 2019, there are {{Convert|126|mi||abbr=}} of segregated or "protected" bike lanes citywide.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Fitzsimmons|first=Emma G.|date=October 28, 2019|title=After Spike in Deaths, New York to Get 250 Miles of Protected Bike Lanes|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/28/nyregion/nyc-biking-deaths-lanes.html|access-date=October 28, 2019|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>

== Environment ==
{{main|Environmental issues in New York City}}
[[File:NYC_Hybrid_Taxi.JPG|alt=Two yellow taxis on a narrow street lined with shops.|thumb|As of 2012, the city had about 6,000 [[hybrid taxi]](show)s in service, the largest number of any city in North America.<ref name="WSJ091912">{{cite news|author=Ted Mann|date=September 19, 2012|title=New Cab Plan Curbs Hybrids|work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10000872396390444165804578006723461956146|accessdate=September 23, 2012}}</ref>]]

=== Environmental impact reduction ===
New York City has focused on reducing its [[Human impact on the environment|environmental impact]] and [[carbon footprint]].<ref name="NYCCarbonFootprint">{{cite web|date=September 21, 2014|title=Mayor de Blasio Commits to 80 Percent Reduction of Greenhouse Gas Emissions by 2050, Starting with Sweeping Green Buildings Plan|url=http://www1.nyc.gov/office-of-the-mayor/news/451-14/mayor-de-blasio-commits-80-percent-reduction-greenhouse-gas-emissions-2050-starting-with#/0|accessdate=October 31, 2014|publisher=City of New York}}</ref> [[Public transport|Mass transit]] use in New York City is the highest in the United States. Also, by 2010, the city had 3,715 [[Hybrid electric vehicle|hybrid]] taxis and other [[clean diesel]] vehicles, representing around 28% of New York's taxi fleet in service, the most of any city in North America.<ref name="NYT072710">{{cite news|last=Newman|first=Andy|date=July 27, 2010|title=Appeals Court Rejects Effort to Create Hybrid Taxi Fleet|work=The New York Times|url=http://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/07/27/appeals-court-rejects-effort-to-create-hybrid-taxi-fleet/?emc=eta1|accessdate=July 31, 2010}}</ref>

New York's high rate of [[List of U.S. cities with high transit ridership|public transit use]], more than 200,000 daily cyclists {{As of|2014|lc=y}},<ref>{{cite web|title=Bicycling in New York City: Know the Facts|url=http://transalt.org/issues/bike/bikefaq|accessdate=October 31, 2014|publisher=Transportation Alternatives}}</ref> and many [[List of U.S. cities with most pedestrian commuters|pedestrian commuters]] make it the most energy-efficient major city in the United States.<ref name="NYC energy consumption">{{cite book|last=Jervey|first=Ben|url=https://archive.org/details/biggreenappleyou00jerv|title=The Big Green Apple: Your Guide to Eco-Friendly Living in New York City|publisher=Globe Pequot Press|year=2006|isbn=978-0-7627-3835-9}}</ref> Walk and bicycle modes of travel account for 21% of all modes for trips in the city; nationally the rate for metro regions is about 8%.<ref>{{cite web|date=December 2004|title=2001 National Household Travel Survey: Summary of Travel Trends|url=http://nhts.ornl.gov/2001/pub/STT.pdf|accessdate=September 1, 2008|publisher=U.S. Department of Transportation}}</ref> In both its 2011 and 2015 rankings, [[Walk Score]] named New York City the most [[Walkability|walkable]] large city in the United States,<ref>{{cite news|last=Florida|first=Richard|date=April 7, 2015|title=2015's Most Walkable U.S. Cities|newspaper=The Atlantic|publisher=MSN|url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/travel/news/2015s-most-walkable-us-cities/ar-AAayJRg|url-status=dead|accessdate=April 12, 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150411013021/http://www.msn.com/en-us/travel/news/2015s-most-walkable-us-cities/ar-AAayJRg|archivedate=April 11, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=NYC tops list of most walkable cities in America—video narrative by Mara Montalbano|url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/video/travel/nyc-tops-list-of-most-walkable-cities-in-america/vi-AAaEJMr|accessdate=April 11, 2015|publisher=Buzz60, on MSN}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|year=2011|title=The 10 Most Walkable U.S. Cities|url=http://www.marketwatch.com/story/the-10-most-walkable-us-cities-2011-07-20?link=MW_popular|accessdate=July 20, 2011|work=MarketWatch}}</ref> and in 2018, ''Stacker'' ranked New York the most walkable U.S. city.<ref>{{cite web|author=Betsy Ladyzhets|date=April 18, 2018|title=Most walkable cities in America|url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/lifestyle/smart-living/most-walkable-cities-in-america/ss-AAw27Ti?li=BBnb7Kz&ocid=iehp|accessdate=May 18, 2018|publisher=Stacker, via MSN}}</ref> [[Citibank]] sponsored the introduction of 10,000 public bicycles for the city's [[bike-share]] project in the summer of 2013.<ref>{{cite web|last=Hamblin|first=James|date=June 28, 2013|title=The Summer Bicycles Took Control|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2013/06/the-summer-bicycles-took-control/277166/|accessdate=June 28, 2013|work=The Atlantic Monthly|publisher=The Atlantic Monthly Group}}</ref> New York City's numerical "in-season cycling indicator" of bicycling in the city had hit an all-time high of 437 when measured in 2014.<ref>{{cite web|title=2014 NYC In-Season Cycling Indicator|url=http://www.nyc.gov/html/dot/downloads/pdf/2014-isci.pdf|accessdate=March 15, 2019|publisher=City of New York}}</ref>

The city government was a petitioner in the landmark ''[[Massachusetts v. Environmental Protection Agency]]'' Supreme Court case forcing the [[EPA]] to regulate [[greenhouse gas]]es as pollutants. The city is a leader in the construction of energy-efficient [[Green building|green office buildings]], including the [[Hearst Tower (New York City)|Hearst Tower]] among others.<ref name="greenbuilding">{{cite news|last=Pogrebin|first=Robin|date=April 16, 2006|title=7 World Trade Center and Hearst Building: New York's Test Cases for Environmentally Aware Office Towers|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/04/16/arts/design/16gree.html|accessdate=September 1, 2008}}</ref> Mayor Bill de Blasio has committed to an 80% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions between 2014 and 2050 to reduce the city's contributions to [[climate change]], beginning with a comprehensive "Green Buildings" plan.<ref name="NYCCarbonFootprint" />

=== Water purity and availability ===
{{main|Food and water in New York City|New York City water supply system}}
New York City is supplied with drinking water by the protected [[Catskill Mountains]] [[Drainage basin|watershed]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Current Reservoir Levels|url=http://www.nyc.gov/html/dep/html/drinking_water/maplevels_wide.shtml|accessdate=August 15, 2014|publisher=New York City Department of Environmental Protection}}</ref> As a result of the watershed's integrity and undisturbed [[Water purification|natural water filtration system]], New York is one of only four major cities in the United States the majority of whose drinking water is pure enough not to require purification by [[water treatment]] plants.<ref>{{cite news|last=Lustgarten|first=Abrahm|date=August 6, 2008|title=City's Drinking Water Feared Endangered; $10B Cost Seen|work=The New York Sun|url=http://www.nysun.com/new-york/citys-drinking-water-feared-endangered-0b-cost/83288/|accessdate=August 9, 2008}}</ref> The city's municipal water system is the largest in the United States, moving over one billion gallons of water per day.<ref name="NYTimes-Water-Investment-2018">{{cite news|author=Winnie Hu|date=January 18, 2018|title=A Billion-Dollar Investment in New York's Water|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/18/nyregion/new-york-city-water-filtration.html|accessdate=January 18, 2018}}</ref> The [[Croton Falls Reservoir|Croton Watershed]] north of the city is undergoing construction of a $3.2 billion water purification plant to augment New York City's water supply by an estimated 290 million gallons daily, representing a greater than 20% addition to the city's current availability of water.<ref>{{cite news|last=Dunlap|first=David W.|date=July 23, 2014|title=Quiet Milestone in Project to Bring Croton Water Back to New York City|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/24/nyregion/a-quiet-milestone-in-a-project-to-bring-croton-water-back-to-new-york.html|accessdate=August 20, 2014}}</ref> The ongoing expansion of [[New York City Water Tunnel No. 3]], an integral part of the New York City water supply system, is the largest capital construction project in the city's history,<ref>{{cite news|last=Flegenheimer|first=Matt|date=October 16, 2013|title=After Decades, a Water Tunnel Can Now Serve All of Manhattan|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/10/17/nyregion/new-water-tunnel-can-provide-water-for-all-of-manhattan.html|accessdate=August 15, 2014}}</ref> with segments serving Manhattan and the Bronx completed, and with segments serving Brooklyn and Queens planned for construction in 2020.<ref>{{cite news|author=Jim Dwyer|date=April 6, 2016|title=De Blasio Adding Money for Water Tunnel in Brooklyn and Queens|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/07/nyregion/mayor-de-blasio-adding-money-for-water-tunnel-in-brooklyn-and-queens.html|accessdate=April 15, 2016}}</ref> In 2018, New York City announced a $1 billion investment to protect the integrity of its water system and to maintain the purity of its unfiltered water supply.<ref name="NYTimes-Water-Investment-2018" />

=== Air quality ===
According to the 2016 [[World Health Organization]] Global Urban Ambient Air Pollution Database,<ref>{{cite web|title=WHO Global Ambient Air Quality Database (update 2018)|url=http://www.who.int/airpollution/data/cities/en/|website=World Health Organization}}</ref> the annual average concentration in New York City's air of particulate matter measuring 2.5{{nbsp}}micrometers or less (PM2.5) was 7.0{{nbsp}}micrograms per cubic meter, or 3.0{{nbsp}}micrograms below the recommended limit of the WHO Air Quality Guidelines for the annual mean PM2.5.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ambient (outdoor) air quality and health|url=http://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/ambient-(outdoor)-air-quality-and-health|website=World Health Organization}}</ref> The [[New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene]], in partnership with [[Queens College, City University of New York|Queens College]], conducts the New York Community Air Survey to measure pollutants at about 150 locations.<ref>{{cite web|title=Air Pollution Monitoring|url=http://www.nyc.gov/html/dep/html/air/air_pollution_monitoring.shtml|website=New York City Environmental Protection}}</ref>

=== Environmental revitalization ===
[[Newtown Creek]], a {{convert|3.5|mi|km|0|abbr=off|adj=on|sp=us}} a long [[estuary]] that forms part of the border between the boroughs of Brooklyn and Queens, has been designated a [[Superfund]] site for environmental clean-up and remediation of the waterway's recreational and economic resources for many communities.<ref>{{cite news|last=Navarro|first=Mireya|date=September 27, 2010|title=Newtown Creek Is Declared a Superfund Site|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/09/28/nyregion/28newtown.html|url-status=dead|accessdate=September 27, 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140508224112/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/09/28/nyregion/28newtown.html?hp|archivedate=May 8, 2014}}</ref> One of the most heavily used bodies of water in the [[Port of New York and New Jersey]], it had been one of the most contaminated industrial sites in the country,<ref name="PBS">{{cite web|date=December 12, 2008|title=Newtown Creek Clean-Up Efforts|url=http://www.thirteen.org/thecityconcealed/2008/12/12/newtown-creek-clean-up-efforts/|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090705213757/http://www.thirteen.org/thecityconcealed/2008/12/12/newtown-creek-clean-up-efforts/|archivedate=July 5, 2009|accessdate=June 29, 2009|work=The City Concealed|publisher=Thirteen (WNET.org)}}</ref> containing years of discarded [[toxin]]s, an estimated {{convert|30|e6USgal|m3}} of spilled oil, including the [[Greenpoint oil spill]], raw [[sewage]] from New York City's sewer system,<ref name="PBS" /> and other accumulation.

== Government and politics ==
{{Main|Government of New York City|Politics of New York City}}

=== Government ===
[[File:New_York_City_Hall.jpg|alt=A wide white building in a colonial style with a cupola in the center.|right|thumb|[[New York City Hall]] is the oldest City Hall in the United States that still houses its original governmental functions.]]
New York City has been a [[metropolitan municipality]] with a [[Mayor–council government|mayor–council form of government]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Forms of Municipal Government|url=http://www.nlc.org/build-skills-networks/resources/cities-101/forms-of-municipal-government|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118035924/http://www.nlc.org/build-skills-networks/resources/cities-101/forms-of-municipal-government|archivedate=January 18, 2012|accessdate=February 10, 2012|publisher=National League of Cities}}</ref> since its consolidation in 1898. In New York City, the city government is responsible for public education, correctional institutions, public safety, recreational facilities, sanitation, water supply, and welfare services.

The [[Mayor of New York City|Mayor]] and council members are elected to four-year terms. The [[New York City Council|City Council]] is a [[Unicameralism|unicameral]] body consisting of 51 council members whose districts are defined by geographic population boundaries.<ref>{{cite web|title=About the Council|url=http://www.nyccouncil.info/html/actioncenter/moved.cfm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071208230244/http://www.nyccouncil.info/html/actioncenter/moved.cfm|archivedate=December 8, 2007|accessdate=June 6, 2007|publisher=New York City Council}}</ref> Each term for the mayor and council members lasts four years and has a three [[Term limit|consecutive-term limit]],<ref>{{cite news|last=Chan|first=Sewell|last2=Hicks|first2=Jonathan P.|date=October 23, 2008|title=Council Votes, 29 to 22, to Extend Term Limits|newspaper=The New York Times|url=http://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/10/23/council-to-debate-term-limits-change/|accessdate=February 13, 2012}}</ref> which is reset after a four-year break. The ''[[New York City Administrative Code]]'', the ''[[New York City Rules]]'', and the ''[[The City Record|City Record]]'' are the code of local laws, compilation of regulations, and official journal, respectively.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Gibson|first1=Ellen M.|url=https://www.wshein.com/media/samples/5268.pdf|title=Gibson's New York Legal Research Guide|last2=Manz|first2=William H.|publisher=Wm. S. Hein Publishing|year=2004|isbn=978-1-57588-728-9|edition=3rd|pages=450, 458, 473|lccn=2004042477|oclc=54455036|ref=harv}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Durkin|first=Erin|date=May 26, 2014|title=Councilman Ben Kallos wants city to publish government notices on its website|newspaper=[[Daily News (New York)|Daily News]]|location=New York|url=https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/post-city-notices-website-councilman-article-1.1806264|url-status=live|access-date=July 23, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171011010531/http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/post-city-notices-website-councilman-article-1.1806264|archive-date=October 11, 2017}}</ref>
[[File:NYC_-_New_York_County_Supreme_Courthouse.jpg|left|thumb|The [[New York County Courthouse]] houses the [[New York Supreme Court]] and other offices.]]
Each borough is coextensive with a [[judicial district]] of the state [[New York State Unified Court System|Unified Court System]], of which the [[New York City Criminal Court|Criminal Court]] and the [[New York City Civil Court|Civil Court]] are the local courts, while the [[New York Supreme Court]] conducts major trials and appeals. Manhattan hosts the First Department of the [[New York Supreme Court, Appellate Division|Supreme Court, Appellate Division]] while Brooklyn hosts the Second Department. There are also several extrajudicial [[administrative court]]s, which are executive agencies and not part of the state Unified Court System.

Uniquely among major American cities, New York is divided between, and is host to the main branches of, two different [[United States district court|U.S. district courts]]: the [[United States District Court for the Southern District of New York|District Court for the Southern District of New York]], whose main courthouse is on [[Foley Square]] near City Hall in Manhattan and whose jurisdiction includes Manhattan and the Bronx; and the [[United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York|District Court for the Eastern District of New York]], whose main courthouse is in Brooklyn and whose jurisdiction includes Brooklyn, Queens, and Staten Island. The [[United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit|U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit]] and [[United States Court of International Trade|U.S. Court of International Trade]] are also based in New York, also on Foley Square in Manhattan.

=== Politics ===
[[File:Bill_de_Blasio_11-2-2013.jpg|alt=Mayor Bill de Blasio is seen talking into a microphone.|thumb|[[Bill de Blasio]], the current and [[List of mayors of New York City|109th]] [[Mayor of New York City]]]]
The present mayor is [[Bill de Blasio]], the first Democrat since 1993.<ref>{{cite news|last=Barbaro|first=Michael|last2=Chen|first2=David W.|date=November 5, 2013|title=De Blasio Is Elected New York City Mayor|newspaper=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/11/06/nyregion/de-blasio-is-elected-new-york-city-mayor.html|accessdate=November 6, 2013}}</ref> He was elected in [[New York City mayoral election, 2013|2013]] with over 73% of the vote, and assumed office on January 1, 2014.

The Democratic Party holds the majority of public offices. As of April 2016, 69% of registered voters in the city are Democrats and 10% are [[Republican Party (United States)|Republicans]].<ref>{{cite web|date=April 2016|title=NYSVoter Enrollment by County, Party Affiliation and Status|url=http://www.elections.ny.gov/NYSBOE/enrollment/county/county_apr16.pdf|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160730140838/http://www.elections.ny.gov/NYSBOE/enrollment/county/county_apr16.pdf|archivedate=July 30, 2016|accessdate=July 30, 2016|publisher=New York State Board of Elections}}</ref> New York City has not been carried by a Republican in a statewide or presidential election since President [[Calvin Coolidge]] won the five boroughs in [[United States presidential election in New York, 1924|1924]]. In [[United States presidential election in New York, 2012|2012]], Democrat [[Barack Obama]] became the first presidential candidate of any party to receive more than 80% of the overall vote in New York City, sweeping all five boroughs. [[Party platform]]s center on affordable housing, education, and economic development, and labor politics are of importance in the city. Thirteen out of 27 [[U.S. congressional district]]s in the State of New York include portions of New York City.<ref>[https://www.politico.com/story/2016/04/new-york-primary-222107 How New York will be won] - April 19, 2016</ref>

New York is the most important source of [[political fundraising]] in the United States, as four of the top five ZIP Codes in the nation for political contributions are in Manhattan. The top ZIP Code, 10021 on the [[Upper East Side]], generated the most money for the 2004 presidential campaigns of [[George W. Bush]] and [[John Kerry]].<ref>{{cite web|title=2006 Election Overview: Top Zip Codes|url=http://www.opensecrets.org/overview/topzips.php?cycle=2004|accessdate=September 1, 2008|publisher=Opensecrets.org}}</ref> The city has a strong imbalance of payments with the national and state governments. It receives 83 cents in services for every $1 it sends to the federal government in [[Taxation in the United States|taxes]] (or annually sends $11.4 billion more than it receives back). City residents and businesses also sent an additional $4.1 billion in the 2009–2010 [[fiscal year]] to the state of New York than the city received in return.<ref>{{cite web|date=December 2011|title=Downstate Pays More, Upstate Gets More: Does It Matter?|url=https://rockinst.org/blog/downstate-pays-upstate-gets-matter|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160501015209/http://www.rockinst.org/observations/wardr/2011-12-giving_getting.aspx|archivedate=May 1, 2016|accessdate=January 22, 2019|publisher=The Nelson A. Rockefeller Institute of Government—The Public Policy Research Arm of the State University of New York}}</ref>

== Notable people ==
{{Main|List of people from New York City}}

== Global outreach ==
In 2006, the [[Twin towns and sister cities|Sister City]] Program of the City of New York, Inc. was restructured and renamed ''New York City Global Partners''. Through this program, New York City has expanded its international outreach to a network of cities worldwide, promoting the exchange of ideas and [[innovation]] between their citizenry and policymakers. New York's ''historic sister cities'' are denoted below by the year they joined New York City's partnership network.<ref name="GlobalOutreach">{{cite web|title=NYC's Partner Cities|url=http://www.nyc.gov/html/ia/gp/html/partner/partner.shtml|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130814165415/http://www.nyc.gov/html/ia/gp/html/partner/partner.shtml|archivedate=August 14, 2013|accessdate=March 26, 2015|publisher=The City of New York}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" width="100%"
!New York City Global Partners network
|-
|'''Africa'''{{div col|small=yes|rules=yes|colwidth=20em}}
* [[Accra]], Ghana
* [[Addis Ababa]], Ethiopia
* [[Cairo]], Egypt (1982)
* [[Cape Town]], South Africa
* [[Lagos]], Nigeria
* [[Libreville]], Gabon
* [[Johannesburg]], South Africa (2003)
* [[Nairobi]], Kenya
{{div col end}}'''Asia'''

'''(''East'')'''{{div col|small=yes|rules=yes|colwidth=20em}}
* [[Bangkok]], Thailand
* Beijing, People's Republic of China (1980)
* [[Biên Hòa City|Biên Hòa]], Vietnam
* [[Changwon]], South Korea
* [[Chongqing]], People's Republic of China<ref>{{cite web |url=http://open.nysenate.gov/legislation/bill/K1084-2011 |title=K1084-2011: Recognizing Yunnan Province and Chongqing Municipality of the People's Republic of China as a "Sister City" with New York City |publisher=New York State Senate |accessdate=December 16, 2012}}</ref>
* [[Guangzhou]], People's Republic of China
* [[Ho Chi Minh City]], Vietnam
* Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
* [[Jakarta]], Indonesia
* [[Kuala Lumpur]], Malaysia<ref>{{cite web |url=http://poskod.my/features/kls-sister-cities/ |title=KL's Sister Cities |publisher=poskod.my |accessdate=August 21, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130830201710/http://poskod.my/features/kls-sister-cities/ |archive-date=August 30, 2013 |url-status=dead |date=October 21, 2010 }}</ref>
* [[Manila]], Philippines
* [[Seoul]], South Korea
* Shanghai, People's Republic of China
* [[Shenyang]], People's Republic of China
* Singapore, Singapore
* [[Taipei]], Taiwan
* Tokyo, Japan (1960)
{{div col end}}'''(''South'')'''{{div col|small=yes|rules=yes|colwidth=20em}}
* [[Bangalore]], India
* Delhi, India
* [[Dhaka]], Bangladesh
* [[Karachi]], Pakistan
* [[Mumbai]], India
{{div col end}}'''(''West'')'''{{div col|small=yes|rules=yes|colwidth=20em}}
* [[Dubai]], United Arab Emirates
* [[Istanbul]], Turkey ([[List of transcontinental countries|transcontinental]])
* [[Jerusalem]], Israel (1993)
* [[Tel Aviv]], Israel<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tel-aviv.gov.il/Cityhall/Pages/Partnerships.aspx?tm=&sm=&side=515 |title=(Israel) Sister Cities |publisher=Tel Aviv |accessdate=May 4, 2013 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131001194353/http://www.tel-aviv.gov.il/Cityhall/Pages/Partnerships.aspx?tm=&sm=&side=515 |archivedate=October 1, 2013 }}</ref>
{{div col end}}'''Australia'''{{div col|small=yes|rules=yes|colwidth=20em}}
* [[Melbourne]], Australia
* Sydney
{{div col end}}'''Europe'''

'''(''Central'')'''{{div col|small=yes|rules=yes|colwidth=20em}}
* [[Berlin]], Germany
* [[Budapest]], Hungary (1992)
* [[Düsseldorf]], Germany
* [[Geneva]], Switzerland
* [[Hamburg]], Germany
* [[Heidelberg]], Germany
* [[Munich]], Germany
* [[Prague]], Czech Republic
* [[Vienna]], Austria
* [[Warsaw]], Poland
{{div col end}}'''(''East'')'''{{div col|small=yes|rules=yes|colwidth=20em}}
* [[Kiev]], Ukraine
* Moscow, Russia
* [[St. Petersburg]], Russia
{{div col end}}'''(''North'')'''{{div col|small=yes|rules=yes|colwidth=20em}}
* [[Copenhagen]], Denmark
* [[Helsinki]], Finland
* [[Oslo]], Norway
* [[Stockholm]], Sweden
{{div col end}}'''(''South'')'''{{div col|small=yes|rules=yes|colwidth=20em}}
* [[Barcelona]], Spain
* [[Bucharest]], Romania
* [[Istanbul]], Turkey ([[List of transcontinental countries|transcontinental]])
* [[Lisbon]], Portugal
* [[Madrid]], Spain (1982)
* [[Milan]], Italy
* [[Pristina]], Kosovo
* Rome, Italy (1992)
{{div col end}}'''(''West'')'''{{div col|small=yes|rules=yes|colwidth=20em}}
* [[Amsterdam]], Netherlands
* [[Antwerp]], Belgium
* [[Belfast]], United Kingdom
* [[Brussels]], Belgium
* [[Dublin]], Ireland
* [[Edinburgh]], United Kingdom
* [[Glasgow]], United Kingdom
* London, United Kingdom (2001)
* [[Luxembourg (city)|Luxembourg City]], Luxembourg
* [[Lyon]], France
* Paris, France
* [[Rotterdam]], Netherlands
* [[The Hague]], Netherlands
{{div col end}}'''North America'''

'''(''Canada'')'''{{div col|small=yes|rules=yes|colwidth=20em}}
* [[Calgary]], [[Alberta, Canada|Alberta]], Canada
* [[Edmonton]], Alberta, Canada
* [[Montreal]], [[Quebec, Canada|Quebec]], Canada
* [[Ottawa]], [[Ontario, Canada|Ontario]], Canada
* [[Quebec City]], Quebec, Canada
* [[Toronto]], Ontario, Canada
* [[Vancouver]], [[British Columbia, Canada|British Columbia]], Canada
* [[Victoria, British Columbia|Victoria]], British Columbia, Canada
* [[Winnipeg]], [[Manitoba, Canada|Manitoba]], Canada
{{div col end}}'''(''Mexico, Central America, and Caribbean'')'''{{div col|small=yes|rules=yes|colwidth=20em}}
* [[Cuernavaca]], [[Morelos, Mexico|Morales]], Mexico
* [[Mexico City]], [[Distrito Federal, Mexico|Distrito Federal]], Mexico
* [[Monterrey]], [[Nuevo Leon, Mexico|Nuevo León]], Mexico
* [[Panama City]], Panama
* [[Santo Domingo]], Dominican Republic (1983)
{{div col end}}'''(''United States'')'''{{div col|small=yes|rules=yes|colwidth=20em}}
* [[Baltimore]], Maryland, United States
* [[Boston]], Massachusetts, United States
* Chicago, Illinois, United States
* Los Angeles, California, United States
* [[Philadelphia]], Pennsylvania, United States
{{div col end}}'''South America'''{{div col|small=yes|rules=yes|colwidth=20em}}
* [[Bogotá]], Colombia
* [[Brasilia]], Brazil (2004)
* [[Buenos Aires]], Argentina
* [[Caracas]], Venezuela
* [[Córdoba, Argentina|Córdoba]], Argentina
* [[Curitiba]], Brazil
* [[Lima]], Peru
* [[Medellín]], Colombia
* [[Rio de Janeiro]], Brazil
* [[Santiago]], Chile
* [[São Paulo]], Brazil
{{div col end}}
|}

==See also==

* [[Outline of New York City]]

==Notes==

{{notelist}}

==References==

{{reflist}}

==Further reading==

* {{cite book |last=Belden |first=E. Porter |year=1849 |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_Jv-nXd8W8b0C |title=New York, Past, Present, and Future: Comprising a History of the City of New York, a Description of its Present Condition, and an Estimate of its Future Increase |location=New York |publisher=G.P. Putnam}} From [[Google Books]].
* {{cite book |authorlink=Anthony Burgess |last=Burgess |first=Anthony |year=1976 |title=New York |location=New York |publisher=Little, Brown & Co. |isbn=978-90-6182-266-0|title-link=New York (Anthony Burgess book) }}
* {{cite gotham}}
* {{cite book |author=Federal Writers' Project |authorlink=Federal Writers' Project |year=1939 |title=The WPA Guide to New York City |location=New York |publisher=The New Press |edition=1995 reissue |isbn=978-1-56584-321-9}}
* {{cite enc-nyc}}
* {{cite book |editor1-last=Jackson |editor1-first=Kenneth T. |editor2-last=Dunbar |editor2-first=David S. |year=2005 |title=Empire City: New York Through the Centuries |publisher=Columbia University Press |isbn=978-0-231-10909-3}}
* {{cite book |title=American Metropolis: A History of New York City |url=https://archive.org/details/americanmetropol00lank |url-access=registration |last=Lankevich |first=George L. |publisher=NYU Press |year=1998 |isbn=978-0-8147-5186-2}}
* {{cite book |authorlink=E. B. White |last=White |first=E.B. |year=1949 |title=Here is New York |publisher=Little Bookroom |edition=2000 reissue}}
* {{cite AIA4}}
* {{cite book |authorlink=Colson Whitehead |last=Whitehead |first=Colson |year=2003 |title=The Colossus of New York: A City in 13 Parts |location=New York |publisher=Doubleday |isbn=978-0-385-50794-3 |url=https://archive.org/details/colossusofnewyor00whit }}

==External links==
* {{Official website|http://www.nyc.gov/}}
* [http://www.nycgo.com/ NYC Go], official tourism website of New York City
* {{curlie|Regional/North_America/United_States/New_York/Localities/N/New_York_City|New York City}}
* {{osmrelation-inline|175905}}.
* [http://collections.mcny.org/ Collections], 145,000 NYC photographs at the [[Museum of the City of New York]]
* {{cite web |url=http://www.nationalgeographic.com/new-york-city-skyline-tallest-midtown-manhattan |title=The New New York Skyline |work=[[National Geographic (magazine)|National Geographic]] |date=November 2015 |postscript=. (Interactive.)}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Trenton, New Jersey]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=Capital of the United States of America|years=1785–1791}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Philadelphia]], Pennsylvania}}
{{s-end}}
{{New York City}}
{{New York City Historic Sites}}
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Hungaroring

2020-07-18T14:10:13Z

Willy3198:

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Motorsport venue
| Name = Hungaroring
| Location = [[Mogyoród]], [[Hungary]]
| Coordinates = {{coord|47|34|56|N|19|15|04|E|type:landmark|display=inline,title}}
| Time = [[GMT]]+1
| Logo = [[File:Hungaroring logo.png|200px]]
| Image = [[File:Hungaroring.svg|260px]]
| Image_caption =
| FIAGrade = 1
| Events = [[FIA Formula One]] [[Hungarian Grand Prix]] (from 1986) [[Grand Prix motorcycle racing]] [[Hungarian motorcycle Grand Prix]] (1990, 1992) [[Superbike World Championship]] [[Hungaroring Superbike World Championship Grand Prix]] (1988-1990) [[FIA World Touring Car Championship]] (from 2011) [[Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters]] (1988 and 2014) [[World Series by Renault]] (from 2007) [[FIA GT Championship]] (1998-2001, 2006, 2009)
| Capacity = 70,000
| Operator = Hungaroring Sport Zrt
| Layout1 = Grand Prix Circuit (2003–present)
| Length_km = 4.381
| Length_mi = 2.722
| Turns = 14
| Broke_ground = 1985
| Opened = 1986
| Record_time = 1:13.447
| Record_driver = {{flagicon|GB}} [[Lewis Hamilton]]
| Record_team = {{nowrap|[[Mercedes-AMG Petronas F1 Team|Mercedes]]}} [[Mercedes-AMG F1 W11 EQ Performance|W11 EQ Performance]]
| Record_year = [[2020 Hungarian Grand Prix|2020]]
| Layout2 = Modified Grand Prix Circuit (1989–2002)
| Length_km2 = 3.975
| Length_mi2 = 2.466
| Turns2 = 13
| Record_time2 = 1:16.207
| Record_driver2 = {{flagicon|GER}} [[Michael Schumacher]]
| Record_team2 = [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]] [[Ferrari F2002|F2002]]
| Record_year2 = [[2002 Hungarian Grand Prix|2002]]
| Layout3 = Original Grand Prix Circuit (1986–1988)
| Length_km3 = 4.014
| Length_mi3 = 2.494
| Turns3 = 16
| Record_time3 = 1:30.149
| Record_driver3 = {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Nelson Piquet]]
| Record_team3 = [[WilliamsF1|Williams]]-[[Honda F1|Honda]] [[Williams FW11|FW11B]]
| Record_year3 = [[1987 Hungarian Grand Prix|1987]]
}}

The '''Hungaroring''' is a [[motorsport]] [[racetrack]] in [[Mogyoród]], [[Hungary]] where the [[Formula One]] [[Hungarian Grand Prix]] is held. In 1986,<ref name="CNN">{{cite news|title=Hungarian Grand Prix|work=[[CNN]]|url=http://edition.cnn.com/SPECIALS/2007/formula1/circuits/#Hungarian|accessdate=24 February 2008 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20071224173330/http://edition.cnn.com/SPECIALS/2007/formula1/circuits/#Hungarian  |archivedate = 24 December 2007}}</ref> it became the location of the first Formula One [[Grand Prix motor racing|Grand Prix]] behind the [[Iron Curtain]]. [[Bernie Ecclestone]] wanted a race in the [[USSR]], but a [[Hungarian people|Hungarian]] friend recommended [[Budapest]]. They wanted a street circuit similar to the [[Circuit de Monaco]] to be built in the [[People's Park (Budapest)|Népliget]]<ref name="IHT">{{cite news|title=Formula One:a way of fine-tuning an image|work=[[International Herald Tribune]]|url=http://www.iht.com/articles/2003/09/26/rrace_ed3_.php|date=26 September 2003|accessdate=25 February 2008 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080804034640/http://www.iht.com/articles/2003/09/26/rrace_ed3_.php  |archivedate = 4 August 2008}}</ref> – Budapest's largest park – but the government decided to build a new circuit just outside the city<ref>{{cite news|title=Hungaroring, Hungary|work=[[BBC News]]|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/motorsport/formula_one/circuit_guide/4251951.stm|accessdate=18 February 2008 | date=29 June 2007}}</ref> near a major highway. Construction works started on 1 October 1985. It was built in eight months, less time than any other Formula One circuit. The first race was held on 24 March 1986, in memory of [[János Drapál]], the first [[Hungarian people|Hungarian]] who won [[Grand Prix motorcycle racing|motorcycle Grand Prix]] races. According to a survey put together by the national tourism office of Hungary, Mogyoród ranks third among Hungarian destinations visited by tourists, behind the [[Danube Bend]] area and [[Lake Balaton]], but ahead of Budapest.<ref name="AmCham">{{cite news|title=Formula one races draw in fewer fans in Europe|work=American Chamber of Commerce in Hungary|url=http://www.amcham.hu/BusinessHungary/17-08/articles/17-08_42.asp|accessdate=2 March 2008 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060302015731/http://www.amcham.hu/businesshungary/17-08/articles/17-08_42.asp |archivedate=2 March 2006 }}</ref> The circuit has [[FIA]] Grade 1 license.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fia.com/sites/default/files/tableaulicencescircuit.pdf|title=LIST OF FIA LICENSED CIRCUITS|date=6 February 2015|publisher=[[FIA]]|accessdate=28 May 2015}}</ref>

==Description==
[[File:Hungaroring, April 28, 2018 SkySat (cropped).jpg|thumb|left|Satellite view of the Hungaroring in April 2018]]
The Grand Prix is held in the middle of summer, which is usually extremely hot and dry in this region. Its first wet Grand Prix race was in 2006. The circuit is normally dusty due to underuse throughout the rest of the year and its sandy soil. As the circuit is in a valley about 80 percent of it can be seen from any point.<ref>{{cite web|title=Welcome|work=Hungaroring Sport Plc.|url=http://hungaroring.hu/|accessdate=25 February 2008}}</ref>

Normally, an underused circuit becomes faster over the weekend as the track surface gathers more rubber residue; however, with the Hungaroring this generally does not happen, because the track can get dusty so quickly. The track frequently becomes faster during a qualifying session, which leads competitors to try for their best lap as late as possible.

The twisty and bumpy nature of the circuit<ref>{{cite news|title=Formula One: Think it's a joyride? Try some laps on Hungary's course|work=[[International Herald Tribune]]|url=http://www.iht.com/articles/2002/08/17/prix_ed3_.php|date=17 August 2002|accessdate=27 February 2008 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604235359/http://www.nytimes.com/2002/08/17/sports/17iht-prix_ed3_.html |archivedate=4 June 2011 }}</ref> makes overtaking very difficult in dry conditions, the circuit is nicknamed "Monaco without the buildings" for this reason. Nonetheless, the Hungaroring has been the scene of several memorable races such as the duels of [[Nelson Piquet]] and [[Ayrton Senna]], [[Nigel Mansell]]'s lost wheel in 1987, Mansell's win from 12th on the grid after a dramatic pass on [[Ayrton Senna]] in 1989, [[Damon Hill]]'s almost victory with [[Arrows Grand Prix International|Arrows]] in 1997, [[Michael Schumacher]]'s change in strategy to beat the McLarens of Mika Häkkinen and David Coulthard in 1998 and maiden wins for Hill in 1993, [[Fernando Alonso]] in 2003, [[Jenson Button]] in 2006 in the track's first ever wet Grand Prix,<ref>{{cite web|title=A history of the Hungarian Grand Prix|work=ESPN F1|publisher=ESPN EMEA Ltd.|url=http://en.espnf1.com/hungary/motorsport/page/2607.html|accessdate=23 August 2010}}</ref> and [[Heikki Kovalainen]] in 2008.

Some say that the Hungaroring is similar in style to [[Circuit de Monaco]], due to its tight and twisty corners. The first change in the track's layout was carried out in 1989, when the chicane after the actual turn three (a temporary measure put in during construction due to the discovery of a spring where the direct route was due to run) was removed by culverting the stream. In 2003, the main straight (turn one, see diagram) was lengthened by roughly {{convert|200|m|ft|abbr=on}} to 908 m, and the hairpin at the end of the straight was also tightened in an attempt to facilitate more overtaking opportunities, as well as a tightening of what was turn 12.

==Drivers==
[[File:Hungaroring_circuit_1989-2002.svg|250px|thumb|left|Hungaroring layout from 1989 until 2002]]
Hungaroring has crowned two drivers in its 20-year history: both [[Nigel Mansell]] in 1992 and [[Michael Schumacher]] in 2001 were able to win the World Championship title. Moreover, the [[WilliamsF1]] Team and [[Scuderia Ferrari]] also secured the Constructors' Championship at the Hungaroring, Williams in 1996 and Ferrari in 2001, 2002, and 2004.

Both [[Hungary]]'s [[Zsolt Baumgartner]] and [[Poland]]'s [[Robert Kubica]] made their debut on this track as the first F1 drivers of their countries.

The [[2006 Hungarian Grand Prix]] was the first wet grand prix at the Hungaroring. This saw the retirement of many drivers including championship rivals [[Fernando Alonso]] and Michael Schumacher and gave [[Jenson Button]] and the reborn [[Honda F1]] team their first win. Fernando Alonso also earned his first Grand Prix victory at this in 2003, declaring it his favourite track as a result.

According to statements and interviews, drivers have different opinions on the track. While many, like [[Ayrton Senna]], Nigel Mansell, Michael Schumacher, [[Lewis Hamilton]], Max Verstappen<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gpfans.com/en/articles/42873/verstappen-explains-why-hungaroring-is-one-of-his-favourite-tracks/|title=Verstappen explains why Hungaroring is one of his favourite tracks|website=GPfans|accessdate=3 August 2019}}</ref> and Fernando Alonso claimed to love it, many others consider the track too slow, hot and demanding.{{Citation needed|date=July 2011}}
The technical driving center of the Hungaroring held former racer [[Gerhard Berger]]'s name from 1998 until 2005 but later it was changed to [[Allianz]].

The track also has named curves: Turn 4 is named after [[Nigel Mansell]], due to him losing a wheel there during the 1987 Hungarian Grand Prix. Turn 11 is named after [[Jean Alesi]] following his massive crash there during qualifying for the 1995 Hungarian Grand Prix.

On Saturday, 25 July 2009, in the second qualifying round for the Hungarian Grand Prix at Hungaroring, [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]] driver [[Felipe Massa]]'s head was injured, though protected by his driver's helmet, he was struck by a suspension spring that had fallen from [[Rubens Barrichello]]'s Brawn GP car while driving at high speed. He was knocked unconscious, and subsequently crashed head-on into a tyre barrier. Massa was thereafter airlifted to the ÁEK hospital in Budapest, where he underwent surgery in the area surrounding his left eye. His condition was initially described as "life-threatening but stable", but improved rapidly. Massa was discharged from hospital the following week and returned to Brazil. After further tests it was decided that Massa needed a titanium plate inserted into his skull to strengthen it for racing in Formula One again.

==Fans==
[[File:Hungaroring Exit.JPG|thumb|left|270px|Hungaroring – gate]]
While most of the foreign fans are from [[Germany]]<ref name="AmCham"/> and [[Austria]], the Hungaroring has traditionally seen a large influx of [[Finland|Finnish]] fans as well. With the loss of the [[Austrian Grand Prix]] in 2003, this became the closest [[Formula One]] event for fans from other [[Central Europe]]an countries. However, the Austrian Grand Prix returned again in 2014. The 2006-10 races saw many spectators from [[Poland]] due to the participation of [[Robert Kubica]].

The contract was prolonged until 2021,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/UK_MOTORSPORT/idUKL310055920080803|title=Motor racing-Hungarian GP gets extension to 2016|last=Ledsom |first=Mark|author2=Ken Ferris|date=3 August 2008|work=[[Reuters]]|accessdate=7 April 2009}}</ref> although tobacco advertising has been banned since 2007.

The Hungaroring is the home of Hungarian [[motorsport]]. Besides Formula One, it has also hosted the [[Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters|DTM]] and [[FIA GT Championship]] races. In 2011, it hosted the inaugural [[FIA WTCC Race of Hungary]]. A public drag race event takes place every month.

===Lap records===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Category!!Time!!Driver!!Car!! Race
|-
| [[F1]] || '''1:17.103''' || [[Max Verstappen]] || [[Red Bull Racing RB15|Red Bull RB15]]-[[Honda in Formula One|Honda]] || [[2019 Hungarian Grand Prix]]
|-
| [[GP2 Series|GP2]]/[[FIA Formula 2 Championship|F2]] || '''1:29.184''' || [[Pierre Gasly]] || [[Dallara GP2/11]]-Mecachrome || [[2016 Hungaroring GP2 and GP3 Series rounds|2016 Hungaroring GP2 Series round]]
|-
| [[Auto GP]] || '''1:34.362''' || [[Kimiya Sato]] || [[Lola B05/52]]-Zytek || [[2014 Auto GP season]]
|-
| [[Le Mans Prototype|LMP]] || '''1:34.934''' || [[Olivier Panis]] || [[Peugeot 908 HDi FAP]] || [[2010 1000 km of Hungaroring]]
|-
| [[GP3 Series|GP3]]/[[FIA Formula 3 Championship|F3]] || '''1:35.140''' || [[Alexander Albon]] || [[Dallara GP3/16]]-Mecachrome || [[2016 Hungaroring GP2 and GP3 Series rounds]]
|-
| [[Formula Two|FTwo]] || '''1:37.068''' || [[Alex Fontana]] || [[Williams JPH1]]-Audi || [[2012 FIA Formula Two Championship season]]
|-
| FIA GT1 || '''1:41.815''' || [[Alex Müller (racing driver)|Alex Müller]] || [[Maserati MC12]] GT1 || [[2009 Budapest City Challenge]]
|-
| FLM || '''1:41.987''' || [[Mathias Beche]] || [[Oreca FLM09]] || [[2010 1000 km of Hungaroring]]
|-
| [[MotoGP]] || '''1:44.390''' || [[Mick Doohan]] || [[Honda NSR500]] || [[1990 Hungarian motorcycle Grand Prix]]
|-
| Moto-250 || '''1:44.995''' || [[Pierfrancesco Chili]] || [[Aprilia RSV 250]] || [[1992 Hungarian motorcycle Grand Prix]]
|-
| [[FIA GT2 European Championship|GT2]] || '''1:46.535''' || [[Álvaro Parente]] || [[Ferrari F430]] GTE || [[2010 1000 km of Hungaroring]]
|-
| [[World Touring Car Championship|WTCC]] || '''1:50.119''' || [[Yvan Muller]] || [[Citroën C-Elysée WTCC]] || [[2014 FIA WTCC Race of Hungary]]
|-
| Moto-125 || '''1:50.150''' || [[Fausto Gresini]] || [[Honda RS125]] || [[1992 Hungarian motorcycle Grand Prix]]
|-
|[[World Touring Car Cup|WTCR]]
|'''1:54.129'''
|[[Yann Ehrlacher]]
|[[Honda Civic Type R|Honda Civic Type R TCR]]
|[[2018 FIA WTCR Race of Hungary]]
|-
| [[Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters|DTM]] || '''1:55.59''' || [[Johnny Cecotto]] || [[Mercedes-Benz 190E 2.3-16]] || 1988 ADAC-Rundstrecken-Rennen
|-
| [[Superbike World Championship|WSB]] || '''1:58.690''' || [[Davide Tardozzi]] || [[Bimota]] YB4 EI || [[1988 Superbike World Championship season]]
|}

== Fatal accidents ==

* 9 August 2015: {{flagicon|Slovenia}} [[Berto Camlek]] - [[Alpe Adria Road Racing Championship]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.rvo.hu/benzingoz/2015/08/09/alpok-adria-halalos-baleset-hungaroringen/ |title=Alpok Adria – Halálos baleset a Hungaroringen…. |last=T |first=Krisztián |date=9 August 2015 |publisher=rvo.hu |accessdate=5 December 2015 |language=Hungarian |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208113348/http://www.rvo.hu/benzingoz/2015/08/09/alpok-adria-halalos-baleset-hungaroringen/ |archivedate=8 December 2015 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

==See also==
* [[List of Formula One circuits]]

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* {{Official website|http://hungaroring.hu}} {{in lang|hu|en}}
* [http://www.hungaroinfo.com/formel1/index_en.htm Official Ticket Agency of the Hungarian F1 Grand Prix]
* [http://www.formula1.com/news/features/2008/7/8166.html Hungaroring – the technical requirements]
* [http://www.formula1.com/news/features/2008/7/8173.html A lap of the Hungaroring with Honda’s Alex Wurz]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20071010053258/http://www.f1db.com/f1/page/Hungaroring Hungaroring Circuit History and Statistics]
* [http://www.formula1.com/races/in_detail/hungary_797/ Statistics from official F1 site]
* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/motorsport/formula_one/circuit_guide/4251951.stm BBC's circuit guide]
* [https://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.geocities.com/ciroalbertopabon/Circuitos_eng.htm&date=2009-10-25+17:21:30 Ciro Pabón's Racetracks] 3D views and virtual laps of all F1 circuits, including this one, via Google Earth
*[https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?mid=zAwYScNYWOgU.kH5VtuiZLUz4 The Hungaroring on Google Maps (Current Formula 1 Tracks)]

{{Navboxes
|list1 =
{{Budapest}}
{{Formula One circuits}}
{{FIA GT circuits}}
{{MotoGP circuits}}
{{SBK circuits}}
{{International Formula 3000 circuits}}
{{GP2 Series circuits}}
{{GP3 Series circuits}}
{{World Series by Renault circuits}}
{{Auto GP World Series circuits}}
{{FIA Formula Two Championship circuits}}
{{WTCC circuits}}
{{Superstars Series circuits}}
{{DTM circuits}}
{{FIA F3 European Championship circuits}}
{{Lamborghini Super Trofeo Europe circuits}}
{{GT World Challenge Europe circuits}}
{{European Truck Racing Championship circuits}}
}}

[[Category:Formula One circuits]]
[[Category:Grand Prix motorcycle circuits]]
[[Category:Hungarian Grand Prix]]
[[Category:Motorsport venues in Hungary]]
[[Category:Superbike World Championship circuits]]
[[Category:World Touring Car Championship circuits]]
[[Category:Sports venues completed in 1986]]
[[Category:1986 establishments in Hungary]]

Hungaroring

2020-07-18T14:07:24Z

Willy3198:

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2015}}
{{Motorsport venue
| Name = Hungaroring
| Location = [[Mogyoród]], [[Hungary]]
| Coordinates = {{coord|47|34|56|N|19|15|04|E|type:landmark|display=inline,title}}
| Time = [[GMT]]+1
| Logo = [[File:Hungaroring logo.png|200px]]
| Image = [[File:Hungaroring.svg|260px]]
| Image_caption =
| FIAGrade = 1
| Events = [[FIA Formula One]] [[Hungarian Grand Prix]] (from 1986) [[Grand Prix motorcycle racing]] [[Hungarian motorcycle Grand Prix]] (1990, 1992) [[Superbike World Championship]] [[Hungaroring Superbike World Championship Grand Prix]] (1988-1990) [[FIA World Touring Car Championship]] (from 2011) [[Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters]] (1988 and 2014) [[World Series by Renault]] (from 2007) [[FIA GT Championship]] (1998-2001, 2006, 2009)
| Capacity = 70,000
| Operator = Hungaroring Sport Zrt
| Layout1 = Grand Prix Circuit (2003–present)
| Length_km = 4.381
| Length_mi = 2.722
| Turns = 14
| Broke_ground = 1985
| Opened = 1986
| Record_time = 1:13.447
| Record_driver = {{flagicon|GB}} [[Lewis Hamilton]]
| Record_team = {{nowrap|[[Mercedes-Benz in Formula One|Mercedes-AMG Formula 1 Team]]}} [[Mercedes-AMG F1 W11 EQ Performance|W11 EQ Performance]]
| Record_year = [[2020 Hungarian Grand Prix|2020]]
| Layout2 = Modified Grand Prix Circuit (1989–2002)
| Length_km2 = 3.975
| Length_mi2 = 2.466
| Turns2 = 13
| Record_time2 = 1:16.207
| Record_driver2 = {{flagicon|GER}} [[Michael Schumacher]]
| Record_team2 = [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]] [[Ferrari F2002|F2002]]
| Record_year2 = [[2002 Hungarian Grand Prix|2002]]
| Layout3 = Original Grand Prix Circuit (1986–1988)
| Length_km3 = 4.014
| Length_mi3 = 2.494
| Turns3 = 16
| Record_time3 = 1:30.149
| Record_driver3 = {{flagicon|BRA}} [[Nelson Piquet]]
| Record_team3 = [[WilliamsF1|Williams]]-[[Honda F1|Honda]] [[Williams FW11|FW11B]]
| Record_year3 = [[1987 Hungarian Grand Prix|1987]]
}}

The '''Hungaroring''' is a [[motorsport]] [[racetrack]] in [[Mogyoród]], [[Hungary]] where the [[Formula One]] [[Hungarian Grand Prix]] is held. In 1986,<ref name="CNN">{{cite news|title=Hungarian Grand Prix|work=[[CNN]]|url=http://edition.cnn.com/SPECIALS/2007/formula1/circuits/#Hungarian|accessdate=24 February 2008 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20071224173330/http://edition.cnn.com/SPECIALS/2007/formula1/circuits/#Hungarian  |archivedate = 24 December 2007}}</ref> it became the location of the first Formula One [[Grand Prix motor racing|Grand Prix]] behind the [[Iron Curtain]]. [[Bernie Ecclestone]] wanted a race in the [[USSR]], but a [[Hungarian people|Hungarian]] friend recommended [[Budapest]]. They wanted a street circuit similar to the [[Circuit de Monaco]] to be built in the [[People's Park (Budapest)|Népliget]]<ref name="IHT">{{cite news|title=Formula One:a way of fine-tuning an image|work=[[International Herald Tribune]]|url=http://www.iht.com/articles/2003/09/26/rrace_ed3_.php|date=26 September 2003|accessdate=25 February 2008 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080804034640/http://www.iht.com/articles/2003/09/26/rrace_ed3_.php  |archivedate = 4 August 2008}}</ref> – Budapest's largest park – but the government decided to build a new circuit just outside the city<ref>{{cite news|title=Hungaroring, Hungary|work=[[BBC News]]|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/motorsport/formula_one/circuit_guide/4251951.stm|accessdate=18 February 2008 | date=29 June 2007}}</ref> near a major highway. Construction works started on 1 October 1985. It was built in eight months, less time than any other Formula One circuit. The first race was held on 24 March 1986, in memory of [[János Drapál]], the first [[Hungarian people|Hungarian]] who won [[Grand Prix motorcycle racing|motorcycle Grand Prix]] races. According to a survey put together by the national tourism office of Hungary, Mogyoród ranks third among Hungarian destinations visited by tourists, behind the [[Danube Bend]] area and [[Lake Balaton]], but ahead of Budapest.<ref name="AmCham">{{cite news|title=Formula one races draw in fewer fans in Europe|work=American Chamber of Commerce in Hungary|url=http://www.amcham.hu/BusinessHungary/17-08/articles/17-08_42.asp|accessdate=2 March 2008 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060302015731/http://www.amcham.hu/businesshungary/17-08/articles/17-08_42.asp |archivedate=2 March 2006 }}</ref> The circuit has [[FIA]] Grade 1 license.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fia.com/sites/default/files/tableaulicencescircuit.pdf|title=LIST OF FIA LICENSED CIRCUITS|date=6 February 2015|publisher=[[FIA]]|accessdate=28 May 2015}}</ref>

==Description==
[[File:Hungaroring, April 28, 2018 SkySat (cropped).jpg|thumb|left|Satellite view of the Hungaroring in April 2018]]
The Grand Prix is held in the middle of summer, which is usually extremely hot and dry in this region. Its first wet Grand Prix race was in 2006. The circuit is normally dusty due to underuse throughout the rest of the year and its sandy soil. As the circuit is in a valley about 80 percent of it can be seen from any point.<ref>{{cite web|title=Welcome|work=Hungaroring Sport Plc.|url=http://hungaroring.hu/|accessdate=25 February 2008}}</ref>

Normally, an underused circuit becomes faster over the weekend as the track surface gathers more rubber residue; however, with the Hungaroring this generally does not happen, because the track can get dusty so quickly. The track frequently becomes faster during a qualifying session, which leads competitors to try for their best lap as late as possible.

The twisty and bumpy nature of the circuit<ref>{{cite news|title=Formula One: Think it's a joyride? Try some laps on Hungary's course|work=[[International Herald Tribune]]|url=http://www.iht.com/articles/2002/08/17/prix_ed3_.php|date=17 August 2002|accessdate=27 February 2008 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604235359/http://www.nytimes.com/2002/08/17/sports/17iht-prix_ed3_.html |archivedate=4 June 2011 }}</ref> makes overtaking very difficult in dry conditions, the circuit is nicknamed "Monaco without the buildings" for this reason. Nonetheless, the Hungaroring has been the scene of several memorable races such as the duels of [[Nelson Piquet]] and [[Ayrton Senna]], [[Nigel Mansell]]'s lost wheel in 1987, Mansell's win from 12th on the grid after a dramatic pass on [[Ayrton Senna]] in 1989, [[Damon Hill]]'s almost victory with [[Arrows Grand Prix International|Arrows]] in 1997, [[Michael Schumacher]]'s change in strategy to beat the McLarens of Mika Häkkinen and David Coulthard in 1998 and maiden wins for Hill in 1993, [[Fernando Alonso]] in 2003, [[Jenson Button]] in 2006 in the track's first ever wet Grand Prix,<ref>{{cite web|title=A history of the Hungarian Grand Prix|work=ESPN F1|publisher=ESPN EMEA Ltd.|url=http://en.espnf1.com/hungary/motorsport/page/2607.html|accessdate=23 August 2010}}</ref> and [[Heikki Kovalainen]] in 2008.

Some say that the Hungaroring is similar in style to [[Circuit de Monaco]], due to its tight and twisty corners. The first change in the track's layout was carried out in 1989, when the chicane after the actual turn three (a temporary measure put in during construction due to the discovery of a spring where the direct route was due to run) was removed by culverting the stream. In 2003, the main straight (turn one, see diagram) was lengthened by roughly {{convert|200|m|ft|abbr=on}} to 908 m, and the hairpin at the end of the straight was also tightened in an attempt to facilitate more overtaking opportunities, as well as a tightening of what was turn 12.

==Drivers==
[[File:Hungaroring_circuit_1989-2002.svg|250px|thumb|left|Hungaroring layout from 1989 until 2002]]
Hungaroring has crowned two drivers in its 20-year history: both [[Nigel Mansell]] in 1992 and [[Michael Schumacher]] in 2001 were able to win the World Championship title. Moreover, the [[WilliamsF1]] Team and [[Scuderia Ferrari]] also secured the Constructors' Championship at the Hungaroring, Williams in 1996 and Ferrari in 2001, 2002, and 2004.

Both [[Hungary]]'s [[Zsolt Baumgartner]] and [[Poland]]'s [[Robert Kubica]] made their debut on this track as the first F1 drivers of their countries.

The [[2006 Hungarian Grand Prix]] was the first wet grand prix at the Hungaroring. This saw the retirement of many drivers including championship rivals [[Fernando Alonso]] and Michael Schumacher and gave [[Jenson Button]] and the reborn [[Honda F1]] team their first win. Fernando Alonso also earned his first Grand Prix victory at this in 2003, declaring it his favourite track as a result.

According to statements and interviews, drivers have different opinions on the track. While many, like [[Ayrton Senna]], Nigel Mansell, Michael Schumacher, [[Lewis Hamilton]], Max Verstappen<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gpfans.com/en/articles/42873/verstappen-explains-why-hungaroring-is-one-of-his-favourite-tracks/|title=Verstappen explains why Hungaroring is one of his favourite tracks|website=GPfans|accessdate=3 August 2019}}</ref> and Fernando Alonso claimed to love it, many others consider the track too slow, hot and demanding.{{Citation needed|date=July 2011}}
The technical driving center of the Hungaroring held former racer [[Gerhard Berger]]'s name from 1998 until 2005 but later it was changed to [[Allianz]].

The track also has named curves: Turn 4 is named after [[Nigel Mansell]], due to him losing a wheel there during the 1987 Hungarian Grand Prix. Turn 11 is named after [[Jean Alesi]] following his massive crash there during qualifying for the 1995 Hungarian Grand Prix.

On Saturday, 25 July 2009, in the second qualifying round for the Hungarian Grand Prix at Hungaroring, [[Scuderia Ferrari|Ferrari]] driver [[Felipe Massa]]'s head was injured, though protected by his driver's helmet, he was struck by a suspension spring that had fallen from [[Rubens Barrichello]]'s Brawn GP car while driving at high speed. He was knocked unconscious, and subsequently crashed head-on into a tyre barrier. Massa was thereafter airlifted to the ÁEK hospital in Budapest, where he underwent surgery in the area surrounding his left eye. His condition was initially described as "life-threatening but stable", but improved rapidly. Massa was discharged from hospital the following week and returned to Brazil. After further tests it was decided that Massa needed a titanium plate inserted into his skull to strengthen it for racing in Formula One again.

==Fans==
[[File:Hungaroring Exit.JPG|thumb|left|270px|Hungaroring – gate]]
While most of the foreign fans are from [[Germany]]<ref name="AmCham"/> and [[Austria]], the Hungaroring has traditionally seen a large influx of [[Finland|Finnish]] fans as well. With the loss of the [[Austrian Grand Prix]] in 2003, this became the closest [[Formula One]] event for fans from other [[Central Europe]]an countries. However, the Austrian Grand Prix returned again in 2014. The 2006-10 races saw many spectators from [[Poland]] due to the participation of [[Robert Kubica]].

The contract was prolonged until 2021,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/UK_MOTORSPORT/idUKL310055920080803|title=Motor racing-Hungarian GP gets extension to 2016|last=Ledsom |first=Mark|author2=Ken Ferris|date=3 August 2008|work=[[Reuters]]|accessdate=7 April 2009}}</ref> although tobacco advertising has been banned since 2007.

The Hungaroring is the home of Hungarian [[motorsport]]. Besides Formula One, it has also hosted the [[Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters|DTM]] and [[FIA GT Championship]] races. In 2011, it hosted the inaugural [[FIA WTCC Race of Hungary]]. A public drag race event takes place every month.

===Lap records===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Category!!Time!!Driver!!Car!! Race
|-
| [[F1]] || '''1:17.103''' || [[Max Verstappen]] || [[Red Bull Racing RB15|Red Bull RB15]]-[[Honda in Formula One|Honda]] || [[2019 Hungarian Grand Prix]]
|-
| [[GP2 Series|GP2]]/[[FIA Formula 2 Championship|F2]] || '''1:29.184''' || [[Pierre Gasly]] || [[Dallara GP2/11]]-Mecachrome || [[2016 Hungaroring GP2 and GP3 Series rounds|2016 Hungaroring GP2 Series round]]
|-
| [[Auto GP]] || '''1:34.362''' || [[Kimiya Sato]] || [[Lola B05/52]]-Zytek || [[2014 Auto GP season]]
|-
| [[Le Mans Prototype|LMP]] || '''1:34.934''' || [[Olivier Panis]] || [[Peugeot 908 HDi FAP]] || [[2010 1000 km of Hungaroring]]
|-
| [[GP3 Series|GP3]]/[[FIA Formula 3 Championship|F3]] || '''1:35.140''' || [[Alexander Albon]] || [[Dallara GP3/16]]-Mecachrome || [[2016 Hungaroring GP2 and GP3 Series rounds]]
|-
| [[Formula Two|FTwo]] || '''1:37.068''' || [[Alex Fontana]] || [[Williams JPH1]]-Audi || [[2012 FIA Formula Two Championship season]]
|-
| FIA GT1 || '''1:41.815''' || [[Alex Müller (racing driver)|Alex Müller]] || [[Maserati MC12]] GT1 || [[2009 Budapest City Challenge]]
|-
| FLM || '''1:41.987''' || [[Mathias Beche]] || [[Oreca FLM09]] || [[2010 1000 km of Hungaroring]]
|-
| [[MotoGP]] || '''1:44.390''' || [[Mick Doohan]] || [[Honda NSR500]] || [[1990 Hungarian motorcycle Grand Prix]]
|-
| Moto-250 || '''1:44.995''' || [[Pierfrancesco Chili]] || [[Aprilia RSV 250]] || [[1992 Hungarian motorcycle Grand Prix]]
|-
| [[FIA GT2 European Championship|GT2]] || '''1:46.535''' || [[Álvaro Parente]] || [[Ferrari F430]] GTE || [[2010 1000 km of Hungaroring]]
|-
| [[World Touring Car Championship|WTCC]] || '''1:50.119''' || [[Yvan Muller]] || [[Citroën C-Elysée WTCC]] || [[2014 FIA WTCC Race of Hungary]]
|-
| Moto-125 || '''1:50.150''' || [[Fausto Gresini]] || [[Honda RS125]] || [[1992 Hungarian motorcycle Grand Prix]]
|-
|[[World Touring Car Cup|WTCR]]
|'''1:54.129'''
|[[Yann Ehrlacher]]
|[[Honda Civic Type R|Honda Civic Type R TCR]]
|[[2018 FIA WTCR Race of Hungary]]
|-
| [[Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters|DTM]] || '''1:55.59''' || [[Johnny Cecotto]] || [[Mercedes-Benz 190E 2.3-16]] || 1988 ADAC-Rundstrecken-Rennen
|-
| [[Superbike World Championship|WSB]] || '''1:58.690''' || [[Davide Tardozzi]] || [[Bimota]] YB4 EI || [[1988 Superbike World Championship season]]
|}

== Fatal accidents ==

* 9 August 2015: {{flagicon|Slovenia}} [[Berto Camlek]] - [[Alpe Adria Road Racing Championship]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.rvo.hu/benzingoz/2015/08/09/alpok-adria-halalos-baleset-hungaroringen/ |title=Alpok Adria – Halálos baleset a Hungaroringen…. |last=T |first=Krisztián |date=9 August 2015 |publisher=rvo.hu |accessdate=5 December 2015 |language=Hungarian |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208113348/http://www.rvo.hu/benzingoz/2015/08/09/alpok-adria-halalos-baleset-hungaroringen/ |archivedate=8 December 2015 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

==See also==
* [[List of Formula One circuits]]

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* {{Official website|http://hungaroring.hu}} {{in lang|hu|en}}
* [http://www.hungaroinfo.com/formel1/index_en.htm Official Ticket Agency of the Hungarian F1 Grand Prix]
* [http://www.formula1.com/news/features/2008/7/8166.html Hungaroring – the technical requirements]
* [http://www.formula1.com/news/features/2008/7/8173.html A lap of the Hungaroring with Honda’s Alex Wurz]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20071010053258/http://www.f1db.com/f1/page/Hungaroring Hungaroring Circuit History and Statistics]
* [http://www.formula1.com/races/in_detail/hungary_797/ Statistics from official F1 site]
* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/motorsport/formula_one/circuit_guide/4251951.stm BBC's circuit guide]
* [https://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.geocities.com/ciroalbertopabon/Circuitos_eng.htm&date=2009-10-25+17:21:30 Ciro Pabón's Racetracks] 3D views and virtual laps of all F1 circuits, including this one, via Google Earth
*[https://www.google.com/maps/d/viewer?mid=zAwYScNYWOgU.kH5VtuiZLUz4 The Hungaroring on Google Maps (Current Formula 1 Tracks)]

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[[Category:Formula One circuits]]
[[Category:Grand Prix motorcycle circuits]]
[[Category:Hungarian Grand Prix]]
[[Category:Motorsport venues in Hungary]]
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Edoardo Mapelli Mozzi

2020-07-17T22:23:59Z

Willy3198: /* Background */

{{short description|British businessman}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Infobox person
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1983|11|19|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Westminster]], London, England<ref>''England & Wales, Civil Registration Birth Index, 1916–2007''</ref>
| residence =
| education = [[Dragon School]], [[Radley College]]
| alma mater = [[University of Edinburgh]]
| occupation = Property developer
| home_town =
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Princess Beatrice of York]]|17 July 2020}}
| children = 1
| parents = {{Ubl
| [[Alex Mapelli-Mozzi]]
| Nikki Williams-Ellis
}}
}}
'''Count Edoardo Alessandro Mapelli Mozzi'''<ref>{{cite news |last1=King |first1=L. |title=Princess Beatrice will become an Italian countess when she marries Edoardo Mapelli Mozzi |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/insider/royalssociety/princess-beatrice-countess-title-italian-palazzo-marriage-edoardo-mapelli-mozzi-a4376171.html |work=[[Evening Standard]]{{Snd}} Insider Magazine |date=3 March 2020 |quote=Alessandro Mapelli Mozzi continued, "Edoardo is the only male descendent taking the family into the next generation. He is a count{{Snd}} his wife will be a countess automatically and any of their children will be counts or nobile donna."}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Princess Beatrice: Royal wedding to be held on 29 May |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-51415860 |accessdate=8 February 2020 |publisher=BBC News|date=7 February 2020 |quote=Mr Mapelli Mozzi, who is also a count...}}</ref> (born 19 November 1983) is a British property developer and the husband of [[Princess Beatrice]], a granddaughter of [[Queen Elizabeth II]]. He is the founder and chief executive of Banda, a property development and interior design company.

==Background==
Mapelli Mozzi is the son of [[Alex Mapelli-Mozzi|Alessandro "Alex" Mapelli-Mozzi]], British [[Olympic Games|Olympian]] and member of an [[Italian noble family]] whose [[ancestral seat]] is the [[Villa Mapelli Mozzi]] in the [[Bergamo province]] of Italy.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Fontaine |first1=Nicolas |title=Origins of the Mapelli Mozzi family: the noble ancestors and the title of Earl (Count) of Edoardo Mapelli Mozzi |url=https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=fr&u=https://histoiresroyales.fr/origines-famille-mapelli-mozzi-arbre-genealogique-ancetres-nobles-italiens/&prev=search |website=Histoires Royales |publisher=Pégase |accessdate=29 September 2019 |language=French|via=Google Translate}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Telegraph Announcements 2012|url=http://announcements.telegraph.co.uk/engagements/145764/mr-t.-yeomans-and-miss-n.-mapelli-mozzi |accessdate=15 March 2019 |publisher=Telegraph Media Group Limited |quote=The engagement is announced between Tod, son of Mr and Mrs Michael Yeomans, of Winchester, Hampshire, and Natalia, stepdaughter of the late Mr Christopher Shale and daughter of Mrs Christopher Shale, of Over Worton, Oxfordshire, and Count Alessandro Mapelli Mozzi, of La Garde Freinet, France.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Foussianes |first1=C |title=Who Is Princess Beatrice's New Boyfriend, Edoardo Mapelli Mozzi|url=https://www.townandcountrymag.com/society/tradition/a25237503/edoardo-mapelli-mozzi-facts/ |magazine=Town and Country Magazine |publisher=Hearst Magazine Media, Inc |year= 2019 |accessdate=13 March 2019 |quote= ..at London's National Portrait Gallery...Mozzi's father is Count Alessandro Mapelli Mozzi}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Spranklen |first=Annabelle|date=23 August 2019 |title=Meet Italian millionaire Edoardo Mapelli Mozzi: Princess Beatrice's boyfriend |url=https://www.tatler.com/article/princess-beatrice-new-boyfriend-edoardo-mapelli-mozzi |website=Tatler|publisher=[[Condé Nast]] |accessdate=18 September 2019 |quote=despite his Italian heritage, Mozzi is fully integrated into British society, having attended Radley College and Edinburgh University.}}</ref> The title [[Count (title)|count]] was created for the family in the [[nobility of Italy]] in 1913,<ref>{{cite book |title=Libro d'Oro della Nobilta Italiana, M-Z |date=2000–2004|publisher=Collegio araldico |location=Rome|pages=44–45 |edition=22 Volume 26 |url=https://11819664674116835390.googlegroups.com/attach/920400e854234/Mapelli.jpeg?part=0.1&view=1&vt=ANaJVrGPOj8QckhSjqiSgJBZMrJ5MVfh5RmPNyFSDT2ZN30iqxV1g3tdVup3gchQXNlVHHMasfwMlUE7ockUt3OdjYhnqOsy75kS8OBuI6qNGXqU7loIQ34 |accessdate=1 October 2019 |quote=[Translated from Italian to English]{{Snd}} The title of Conte [Co.] was created in 1913 in the Kingdom of Italy by King Victor Emmanuele III to all male descendants imposing the surname and noble family of Mozzi and is incorporated to the family of Mapelli ... *Mozzi (Mapelli-Mozzi) ... Co. Alassandro, n. 17 lug 1951 sp. 18 mar. 1978 Niky Durrows da cui: (a) Natalia, n. a Londra 28 ag. 1981; (b) Co. Edoardo, n. a Londra 19 nov. 1983}}</ref> but has not been legally recognised in Italy since the creation of the Italian Republic in 1948. His title is not officially recognised or used in the United Kingdom.<ref name=telegraph>{{cite news |last1=Steafel |first1=E. |title=Princess Beatrice's new boyfriend and the European jet set where she found him |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/women/life/princess-beatrices-new-boyfriend-edoardo-mapelli-mozzi-new-european/ |accessdate=30 September 2019 |newspaper=The Telegraph |date=19 November 2018 |quote=Edo is technically a count himself, but as he is a British citizen he can't use the title in this country — foreign styles and titles having been...}}</ref> His mother is Nicola "Nikki" Williams-Ellis (born Nicola Diana Burrows), who was later married to businessman and Conservative politician [[Christopher Shale]] until his death in 2011.<ref name="Metro News Who Is Edoardo">{{cite news|title=Princess Beatrice engaged: Who is her boyfriend Edoardo Mapelli Mozzi?|url=https://metro.co.uk/2019/09/26/princess-beatrices-boyfriend-edoardo-mapelli-mozzi-pair-announce-engagement-10812121/|accessdate=26 September 2019|work=Metro News|date=26 September 2019}}</ref> In 2017, she married the sculptor [[David Williams-Ellis]].<ref name="BBC2">{{cite news |title=Edoardo Mapelli Mozzi: Who is Princess Beatrice's fiance? |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-49843830 |accessdate=26 September 2019 |work=BBC |date=26 September 2019}}</ref> Mapelli Mozzi has an older sister, Natalia Alice Yeomans (born 1981),<ref>{{cite web |title=Country Life|volume=199 |issue=41|url=https://books.google.com/?id=w5NMAAAAYAAJ&q=Mapelli+++Mozzi&dq=Mapelli+++Mozzi |date=13 October 2005 |quote=Countess Natalia Mapelli Mozzi, aged 24, is the daughter of Count Alessandro Mapelli Mozzi, of St Antonin du Var, France, and of Mrs Christopher Shale, of Hundley House. Her brother, Count Edoardo, is...}}</ref> and a younger half-brother, Alby Shale (born 1991).<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/david-cameron/8600074/David-Camerons-friend-Christopher-Shale-dies-at-Glastonbury-after-Downing-Street-call.html|title=David Cameron's friend Christopher Shale dies at Glastonbury after Downing Street call|last=Hughes|first=Mark|date=26 June 2011|access-date=26 September 2019|newspaper=The Telegraph}}</ref>

==Career==
Mapelli Mozzi's interest in property was sparked by his mother's career in commercial real estate. He attended [[Radley College]] but did not want to study property; instead, he attained an undergraduate degree (M.A. in Politics) at the [[University of Edinburgh]].<ref name=nyt/> At the age of 23, he started Banda, a property development and interior design company. His strategy is designing homes for affluent clients in "undervalued" parts of London.<ref name=nyt>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/02/realestate/london-luxury-property-undervalued-neighborhoods.html|title=Creating Luxury in London's Undervalued Neighborhoods|first=Peter|last=Wilson|date=2 September 2019|access-date=8 October 2019|newspaper=The New York Times}}</ref> This has been challenged by property experts on [[Twitter]] and ''[[Forbes]]'', who argue that "there is nothing undervalued in [[Notting Hill]]", where Mapelli Mozzi's latest project is located, and describe the district as "a super prime residential destination".<ref name=forbes>{{Cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/emanuelemidolo/2019/09/04/sorry-nyt-there-is-nothing-undervalued-in-notting-hill/#700cefdb636f|title=Sorry, NYT, There Is Nothing 'Undervalued' In Notting Hill|first=Emanuele|last=Midolo|date=4 September 2019|access-date=8 October 2019|newspaper=Forbes}}</ref>

Mapelli Mozzi holds directorships in a number of companies, some of them with his mother, Nikki Williams-Ellis, and his brother-in-law, Tod Yeomans.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://beta.companieshouse.gov.uk/search/officers?q=edoardo+mapelli+mozzi|title=Companies House|website=beta.companieshouse.gov.uk|language=en|access-date=26 September 2019}}</ref> Ahead of the [[2016 London mayoral election]], Mapelli Mozzi wrote an article for ''[[Property Week]]'', urging the future mayor to insist on redevelopment projects in central London. He has also criticized politicians [[Andrea Leadsom]] and [[Jeremy Corbyn]].<ref name="BBC2"/>

===Cricket Builds Hope===
Mapelli Mozzi is a co-founder of the British-Rwandan charity "Cricket Builds Hope", which aims to use [[cricket]] as "a tool for positive social change" in [[Rwanda]].<ref name="BBC2"/> Previously known as the Rwanda Cricket Stadium Foundation (RCSF), the charity was founded in 2011 to build Rwanda's first grass wicket cricket ground, now known as [[Gahanga International Cricket Stadium]].<ref name=rwanda>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cricketbuildshope.org/about|title=About|website=Cricket Builds Hope|language=en-US|access-date=26 September 2019}}</ref> Mapelli Mozzi's stepfather Christopher Shale came up with the idea for the charity but died before he could get it off the ground.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/sport/cricket/2017/nov/18/willow-healing-for-scars-of-the-past-1704836.html|title=Willow healing for scars of the past|website=The New Indian Express|access-date=26 September 2019}}</ref> Shale's family and friends set up the foundation after his death; Mapelli Mozzi's half-brother, Alby Shale, is on the board of trustees.<ref name=rwanda/> The charity's patrons are [[Jonathan Agnew]], [[Brian Lara]], [[Heather Knight (cricketer)|Heather Knight]], [[Ebony-Jewel Rainford-Brent]], [[Sam Billings]] and [[Makhaya Ntini]].<ref name=rwanda/> In 2012, Mapelli Mozzi cycled {{convert|100|km}} overnight in London in the Nightrider Challenge to raise funds for the foundation.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://uk.virginmoneygiving.com/fundraiser-display/showROFundraiserPage?userUrl=EdoardoMapelliMozzi-1&pageUrl=2&d-49489-p=2|title=RCSF Nightrider{{Snd}} Edo Mapelli Mozzi|website=uk.virginmoneygiving.com|access-date=26 September 2019}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Mapelli Mozzi was engaged to American architect [[Dara Huang]] until 2018. They have a son, Christopher, born in 2016.<ref name="Tyzack">{{cite news|last1=Tyzack|first1=A.|date=26 September 2019|title=Another royal wedding! Meet Edoardo Mapelli Mozzi, the man who has charmed Princess Beatrice|newspaper=The Telegraph|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/family/life/meet-edoardo-mapelli-mozzi-dashing-developer-has-charmed-princess/|accessdate=27 September 2019}}</ref> In 2018, after his breakup with Huang, Mapelli Mozzi started a relationship with [[Princess Beatrice of York]], whom he had known since childhood. His family have been close friends with her parents, [[Prince Andrew, Duke of York]], and [[Sarah, Duchess of York]], for decades.<ref name="Tyzack" /> Following his proposal in Italy,<ref>{{cite news|date=26 September 2019|title=Princess Beatrice engaged to property tycoon|work=BBC|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-49839390|accessdate=26 September 2019|quote=...got engaged in Italy earlier this month...}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Asmelash|first1=L.|date=26 September 2019|title=5 things you need to know about Edoardo Mapelli Mozzi, who's about to marry into the British royal family|publisher=CNN|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2019/09/26/world/edoardo-mapelli-mozzi-about-trnd/index.html|accessdate=1 October 2019|quote=Mapelli Mozzi popped the question earlier this month during a weekend away in Italy.}}</ref> the couple's engagement was announced on 26 September 2019.<ref name="BBC">{{cite news|date=26 September 2019|title=Princess Beatrice engaged to property tycoon|work=BBC|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-49839390|accessdate=26 September 2019}}</ref> Mapelli Mozzi was reported to have designed the engagement ring along with British jeweller [[Shaun Leane (jeweller)|Shaun Leane]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=See Princess Beatrice's Engagement Ring from Every Angle|url=https://people.com/royals/princess-beatrices-dazzling-engagement-ring-see-it-from-every-angle/|access-date=26 September 2019|website=PEOPLE.com|language=en}}</ref> They [[Wedding of Princess Beatrice and Edoardo Mapelli Mozzi|intended to marry]] at the [[Chapel Royal]] of [[St James's Palace]] on 29 May 2020 but postponed the ceremony in light of the [[COVID-19 pandemic]].<ref name="BBC-Mar18">{{cite web|date=18 March 2020|title=Coronavirus: Princess Beatrice 'reviewing' wedding plans|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-51951301|accessdate=18 March 2020|publisher=BBC}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Prince Andrew's daughter Princess Beatrice to marry in May|url=https://www.msn.com/en-xl/lifestyle/celebs/prince-andrews-daughter-princess-beatrice-to-marry-in-may/ar-BBZLhJa?li=BBKhQr3|access-date=8 February 2020|website=www.msn.com}}</ref> A private wedding took place at the [[Royal Chapel of All Saints]] on 17 July 2020, in front of the Queen and the [[Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh|Duke of Edinburgh]] and other immediate family members of both sides.<ref>{{cite news |title=Princess Beatrice marries Edoardo Mapelli Mozzi in private Windsor ceremony |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-53445109 |accessdate=17 July 2020 |publisher=BBC |date=17 July 2020}}</ref>

==Ancestry==
{{ahnentafel
|collapsed=yes |align=center
|boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc;
|boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9;
|boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc;
|boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc;
|1= 1. '''Edoardo Mapelli Mozzi'''
|2= 2. [[Alex Mapelli-Mozzi|(Count) Alessandro Mapelli Mozzi]]
|3= 3. Nicola Burrows
|4= 4. (Count) Gianpaolo Mapelli Mozzi
|5= 5. Gigliola Stoppani
|6= 6. (Robert) David Burrows
|7= 7. Susan Arnot Heath
|8= 8. Count Luigi Mapelli Mozzi<ref>https://www.histoiresroyales.fr/origines-famille-mapelli-mozzi-arbre-genealogique-ancetres-nobles-italiens/amp/</ref>
|9= 9. Nobile Maria Mercedes Baroli
|10= 10. Onoro Stoppani
|11= 11. Betty Jeppesen
|12= 12. [[Robert Abraham Burrows|Sir Robert Abraham Burrows]]
|13= 13. Eleanor Doris Bainbridge
|14=
|15=
}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mapelli Mozzi, Edoardo}}
[[Category:British real estate businesspeople]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1983 births]]
[[Category:Alumni of the University of Edinburgh]]
[[Category:People educated at Radley College]]
[[Category:Mapelli-Mozzi family|Edoardo Mapelli Mozzi]]
[[Category:English people of Italian descent]]

Michael Gutteridge

2020-06-01T23:39:13Z

Willy3198: /* Personal life */

'''Michael Gutteridge''' (1842–1935) was an English Methodist and businessman who founded a successful drapery business in [[Naples]], and the [[Wesley House]] seminary in [[Cambridge]], England.<ref name=wesley>{{cite web|title=Wesley House - History|url=https://www.wesley.cam.ac.uk/about/history/michael-gutteridge/|website=Wesley House|accessdate=26 February 2019}}</ref><ref name="glass">{{cite journal |last1=Glass |first1=Paul |title=The Origins of Wesley House, Cambridge |journal=Proceedings of the Wesley Historical Society |date=May 1993 |volume=49 |pages=44-54 |url=https://biblicalstudies.org.uk/pdf/whs/49-2.pdf |accessdate=26 February 2019}}</ref> The Italian fashion brand Gutteridge still exists, using the strapline "''dal 1878''" ("since 1878") as part of its image.<ref name=gutteridge />

==Personal life==
Gutteridge was born in [[Selby]], Yorkshire. He married Ada Cooke (died 1921), daughter of Samuel Cooke, a carpet mill owner from Liversedge, Yorkshire. Their son Harold Cooke Gutteridge (1876–1953) was a notable jurist.<ref name=odnb>{{Cite ODNB|id=33616|title=Gutteridge, Harold Cooke}}</ref> Gutteridge died on 26 May 1935.<ref name=wesley />

==Business life==
Gutteridge's first shop was in [[Piazza Dante]], where he sold cotton and woollen textiles; his father-in-law was a major Yorkshire based textile manufacturer. When the store opened he made the financially difficult decision not to trade on Sundays as other local businesses did, and "the sensation that he caused by so doing seemed to earn him admiration, goodwill and success".<ref name=glass />

It has been stated by the Gutteridge company that [[Matilde Serao]]'s 1901 novel ''The Ballerina'' has a shop assistant at Gutteridge's as the central character;<ref name="gutteridge">{{cite web|title=Storia|url=https://www.gutteridge.com/it/catalogo/chi-siamo#aboutus|publisher=Gutteridge|accessdate=26 February 2019}}</ref> another source states that Gutteridge himself appears in the novel as "the Englishman" described as "''il justo''", "the just man".<ref name=glass />

==Scottish?==
The website of the Gutteridge company {{as of|lc=yes|February 2019}} describes Gutteridge as Scottish (''fondato ... dallo scozzese Michael Gutteridge'') and asserts that his father-in-law was the principal textile producer in Scotland (''con il supporto del suocero allora principale produttore tessile in Scozia''),<ref name=gutteridge /> but other sources agree that he was born in Selby and that his father-in-law was Samuel Cooke of Liversedge, Yorkshire.<ref name=odnb /><ref name=wesley />

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{cite web | url=https://thephraser.com/2016/05/12/a-light-has-gone-out-in-naples-italy/ | title=A light has gone out in Naples, Italy| website=ThePhraser |date=12 May 2016}} ''Obituary of Michael Rae, grandson of Gutteridge's cousin of the same name who became the Gutteridge company's manager, with history of the company and images of historic advertisements''

{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Gutteridge, Michael}}
[[Category:1842 births]]
[[Category:1935 deaths]]
[[Category:British businesspeople]]
[[Category:Italian businesspeople]]

{{UK-business-bio-stub}}
{{Italy-business-bio-stub}}

Template:Indianapolis Colts roster

2020-05-13T00:00:13Z

Willy3198:

{{NFL roster
|TeamName=Indianapolis Colts
|rosterlink=https://www.colts.com/team/players-roster/
|depthlink=https://www.colts.com/team/depth-chart/
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|BDC1=#1D252C
|offseason=yes
|Active=83
|Inactive=
|PS=
|FA=
|unsigned=7
|Date=May 12, 2020

|Quarterbacks=
{{NFLplayer| 7|Jacoby Brissett}}
{{NFLplayer| 9|Jacob Eason|rookie=y}}
{{NFLplayer| 6|Chad Kelly}}
{{NFLplayer|17|Philip Rivers}}

|Running Backs=
{{NFLplayer|35|Bruce Anderson|d=running back}}
{{NFLplayer|21|Nyheim Hines}}
{{NFLplayer|41|Darius Jackson}}
{{NFLplayer|25|Marlon Mack}}
{{NFLplayer|33|Roosevelt Nix|d=fullback|FB}}
{{NFLplayer|28|Jonathan Taylor|d=American football|rookie=y}}
{{NFLplayer|20|Jordan Wilkins}}

|Wide Receivers=
{{NFLplayer| 2|Rodney Adams}}
{{NFLplayer|15|Parris Campbell}}
{{NFLplayer|16|Ashton Dulin}}
{{NFLplayer|10|Daurice Fountain}}
{{NFLplayer| 5|DeMichael Harris|rookie=y}}
{{NFLplayer| 9|Malik Henry}}
{{NFLplayer|13|T. Y. Hilton}}
{{NFLplayer|83|Marcus Johnson|d=wide receiver}}
{{NFLplayer|14|Zach Pascal}}
{{NFLplayer|85|Dezmon Patmon|rookie=y}}
{{NFLplayer|86|Michael Pittman Jr.|rookie=y}}
{{NFLplayer| 1|Artavis Scott}}
{{NFLplayer|11|Chad Williams|d=wide receiver}}

|Tight Ends=
{{NFLplayer|81|Mo Alie-Cox}}
{{NFLplayer|48|Ian Bunting}}
{{NFLplayer|80|Trey Burton}}
{{NFLplayer|84|Jack Doyle|d=American football}}
{{NFLplayer|41|Farrod Green|rookie=y}}
{{NFLplayer|85|Xavier Grimble}}
{{NFLplayer|47|Matt Lengel}}

|Offensive Linemen=
{{NFLplayer|74|Anthony Castonzo|T}}
{{NFLplayer|62|Le'Raven Clark|T}}
{{NFLplayer|76|Andrew Donnal|T}}
{{NFLplayer|60|Jake Eldrenkamp|G}}
{{NFLplayer|64|Mark Glowinski|G}}
{{NFLplayer|69|Chaz Green|G}}
{{NFLplayer|75|Brandon Hitner|T}}
{{NFLplayer|78|Ryan Kelly|d=American football|C}}
{{NFLplayer|68|Cedrick Lang|T}}
{{NFLplayer|56|Quenton Nelson|G}}
{{NFLplayer|61|Carter O'Donnell|T|rookie=y}}
{{NFLplayer|65|Javon Patterson|C}}
{{NFLplayer|63|Danny Pinter|G|rookie=y}}
{{NFLplayer|72|Braden Smith|T}}
{{NFLplayer|67|Travis Vornkahl|T}}

|Defensive Linemen=
{{NFLplayer|96|Denico Autry|DT}}
{{NFLplayer|52|Ben Banogu|DE}}
{{NFLplayer|99|DeForest Buckner|DT}}
{{NFLplayer|92|Kameron Cline|DT|rookie=y}}
{{NFLplayer|73|Kendall Coleman|DE|rookie=y}}
{{NFLplayer|91|Sheldon Day|DT}}
{{NFLplayer|95|Gerri Green|DE}}
{{NFLplayer|50|Justin Houston|DE}}
{{NFLplayer|79|Jegs Jegede|DE}}
{{NFLplayer|94|Tyquan Lewis|DT}}
{{NFLplayer|97|Al-Quadin Muhammad|DE}}
{{NFLplayer|90|Grover Stewart|DT}}
{{NFLplayer|57|Kemoko Turay|DE}}
{{NFLplayer|66|Chris Williams|DT|d=defensive lineman|rookie=y}}
{{NFLplayer|93|Robert Windsor|d=American football|DT|rookie=y}}

|Linebackers=
{{NFLplayer|49|Matthew Adams|d=American football|OLB}}
{{NFLplayer|44|Zaire Franklin|MLB}}
{{NFLplayer|59|Jordan Glasgow|OLB|rookie=y}}
{{NFLplayer|53|Darius Leonard|OLB}}
{{NFLplayer|55|Skai Moore|MLB}}
{{NFLplayer|58|Bobby Okereke|OLB}}
{{NFLplayer|45|E. J. Speed|OLB}}
{{NFLplayer|54|Anthony Walker Jr.|MLB}}
{{NFLplayer|51|Brandon Wellington|LB|rookie=y}}

|Defensive Backs=
{{NFLplayer|32|Julian Blackmon|S|rookie=y}}
{{NFLplayer|38|T. J. Carrie|CB}}
{{NFLplayer|29|Malik Hooker|FS}}
{{NFLplayer|42|Rolan Milligan|S}}
{{NFLplayer|23|Kenny Moore|d=American football|CB}}
{{NFLplayer|43|Picasso Nelson Jr.|CB}}
{{NFLplayer|30|George Odum|FS}}
{{NFLplayer|40|Lafayette Pitts|CB}}
{{NFLplayer|36|Jackson Porter|CB}}
{{NFLplayer|48|Travis Reed|d=American football|CB|rookie=y}}
{{NFLplayer|27|Xavier Rhodes|CB}}
{{NFLplayer|34|Isaiah Rodgers|CB|rookie=y}}
{{NFLplayer|47|Donald Rutledge|d=American football|S|rookie=y}}
{{NFLplayer|39|Marvell Tell|CB}}
{{NFLplayer|37|Khari Willis|SS}}
{{NFLplayer|26|Rock Ya-Sin|CB}}

|Special Teams=
{{NFLplayer| 3|Rodrigo Blankenship|K|rookie=y}}
{{NFLplayer| 5|Chase McLaughlin|K}}
{{NFLplayer|46|Luke Rhodes|LS}}
{{NFLplayer| 8|Rigoberto Sanchez|P}}

|Reserve Lists=
*''Currently vacant''

|Practice Squad=

}}
<noinclude>

==See also==
*{{tl|Indianapolis Colts roster navbox}}
[[Category:National Football League roster templates]]
[[Category:Indianapolis Colts templates]]
</noinclude>

Template:Indianapolis Colts roster

2020-04-14T11:01:44Z

Willy3198:

{{NFL roster
|TeamName=Indianapolis Colts
|rosterlink=https://www.colts.com/team/players-roster/
|depthlink=https://www.colts.com/team/depth-chart/
|translink=https://www.colts.com/team/transactions/
|BC1=#013369
|FC1=#FFFFFF
|BDC1=#1D252C
|offseason=yes
|Active=72
|Inactive=
|PS=
|FA=10
|unsigned=
|Date=April 11, 2020

|Quarterbacks=
{{NFLplayer| 7|Jacoby Brissett}}
{{NFLplayer| 6|Chad Kelly}}
{{NFLplayer|17|Philip Rivers}}

|Running Backs=
{{NFLplayer|35|Bruce Anderson|d=running back}}
{{NFLplayer|21|Nyheim Hines}}
{{NFLplayer|41|Darius Jackson}}
{{NFLplayer|25|Marlon Mack}}
{{NFLplayer|20|Jordan Wilkins}}
{{NFLplayer|--|Roosevelt Nix|d=fullback|FB}}

|Wide Receivers=
{{NFLplayer| 2|Rodney Adams}}
{{NFLplayer|15|Parris Campbell}}
{{NFLplayer|16|Ashton Dulin}}
{{NFLplayer|10|Daurice Fountain}}
{{NFLplayer| 9|Malik Henry}}
{{NFLplayer|13|T. Y. Hilton}}
{{NFLplayer| 3|Steve Ishmael}}
{{NFLplayer|14|Zach Pascal}}
{{NFLplayer| 1|Artavis Scott}}
{{NFLplayer|11|Chad Williams|d=wide receiver}}

|Tight Ends=
{{NFLplayer|81|Mo Alie-Cox}}
{{NFLplayer|48|Billy Brown|d=American football}}
{{NFLplayer|48|Ian Bunting}}
{{NFLplayer|84|Jack Doyle|d=American football}}
{{NFLplayer|85|Xavier Grimble}}
{{NFLplayer|47|Matt Lengel}}

|Offensive Linemen=
{{NFLplayer|74|Anthony Castonzo|T}}
{{NFLplayer|62|Le'Raven Clark|T}}
{{NFLplayer|76|Andrew Donnal|T}}
{{NFLplayer|60|Jake Eldrenkamp|G}}
{{NFLplayer|64|Mark Glowinski|G}}
{{NFLplayer|69|Chaz Green|G}}
{{NFLplayer|75|Brandon Hitner|T}}
{{NFLplayer|78|Ryan Kelly|d=American football|C}}
{{NFLplayer|68|Cedrick Lang|T}}
{{NFLplayer|56|Quenton Nelson|G}}
{{NFLplayer|65|Javon Patterson|C}}
{{NFLplayer|72|Braden Smith|T}}
{{NFLplayer|67|Travis Vornkahl|T}}

|Defensive Linemen=
{{NFLplayer|96|Denico Autry|DT}}
{{NFLplayer|52|Ben Banogu|DE}}
{{NFLplayer|99|DeForest Buckner|DT}}
{{NFLplayer|91|Sheldon Day|DT}}
{{NFLplayer|95|Gerri Green|DE}}
{{NFLplayer|50|Justin Houston|DE}}
{{NFLplayer|79|Jegs Jegede|DE}}
{{NFLplayer|94|Tyquan Lewis|DT}}
{{NFLplayer|97|Al-Quadin Muhammad|DE}}
{{NFLplayer|90|Grover Stewart|DT}}
{{NFLplayer|57|Kemoko Turay|DE}}

|Linebackers=
{{NFLplayer|49|Matthew Adams|d=American football|OLB}}
{{NFLplayer|44|Zaire Franklin|MLB}}
{{NFLplayer|53|Darius Leonard|OLB}}
{{NFLplayer|55|Skai Moore|MLB}}
{{NFLplayer|58|Bobby Okereke|OLB}}
{{NFLplayer|45|E. J. Speed|OLB}}
{{NFLplayer|54|Anthony Walker Jr.|MLB}}

|Defensive Backs=
{{NFLplayer|38|T. J. Carrie|CB}}
{{NFLplayer|29|Malik Hooker|FS}}
{{NFLplayer|42|Rolan Milligan|S}}
{{NFLplayer|23|Kenny Moore|d=American football|CB}}
{{NFLplayer|43|Picasso Nelson Jr.|CB}}
{{NFLplayer|30|George Odum|FS}}
{{NFLplayer|40|Lafayette Pitts|CB}}
{{NFLplayer|36|Jackson Porter|CB}}
{{NFLplayer|27|Xavier Rhodes|CB}}
{{NFLplayer|39|Marvell Tell|CB}}
{{NFLplayer|37|Khari Willis|SS}}
{{NFLplayer|31|Quincy Wilson|d=cornerback|CB}}
{{NFLplayer|26|Rock Ya-Sin|CB}}

|Special Teams=
{{NFLplayer| 5|Chase McLaughlin|K}}
{{NFLplayer|46|Luke Rhodes|LS}}
{{NFLplayer| 8|Rigoberto Sanchez|P}}

|Reserve Lists=
*''Currently vacant''

|Unrestricted FAs=
{{NFLplayer|28|Briean Boddy-Calhoun|CB}}
{{NFLplayer|26|Clayton Geathers|SS}}
{{NFLplayer|86|Dontrelle Inman|WR}}
{{NFLplayer|38|Isaiah Johnson|d=American football, born May 1992|S}}
{{NFLplayer|83|Marcus Johnson|d=wide receiver|WR}}
{{NFLplayer|48|Kai Nacua|S}}
{{NFLplayer|80|Chester Rogers|WR}}
{{NFLplayer|93|Jabaal Sheard|DE}}
{{NFLplayer| 4|Adam Vinatieri|K}}
{{NFLplayer|33|Jonathan Williams|d=running back, born 1994|RB}}

|Practice Squad=

}}
<noinclude>

==See also==
*{{tl|Indianapolis Colts roster navbox}}
[[Category:National Football League roster templates]]
[[Category:Indianapolis Colts templates]]
</noinclude>

2019 Arena Football League season

2019-03-24T20:13:13Z

Willy3198: /* Regular season standings */

{{Infobox sports season
| title = 2019 Arena Football League season
| league = [[Arena Football League]]
| sport = [[Arena football]]
| logo =
| pixels = 235
| duration = {{nowrap|April 26 – August 9/10/11, 2019}}
| season = Regular season
| season_champs =
| MVP =
| MVP_link = Arena Football League Most Valuable Player Award
| playoffs = League postseason
| playoffs_link =
| conf1 = #1 vs #4
| conf1_link =
| conf1_champ =
| conf1_runner-up =
| conf2 = #2 vs. #3
| conf2_link =
| conf2_champ =
| conf2_runner-up =
| finals = ArenaBowl XXXII
| finals_link = ArenaBowl XXXII
| finals_champ =
| finals_runner-up =
| finals_MVP =
| finals_MVP_link = MVP
| seasonslist = List of Arena Football League seasons
| seasonslistnames = AFL
| prevseason_link = 2018 Arena Football League season
| prevseason_year = 2018
| nextseason_link = 2020 Arena Football League season
| nextseason_year = 2020
}}

The '''2019 Arena Football League season''' will be the 32nd season in the history of the [[Arena Football League]] (AFL). Prior to the start of the season, the league expanded from four to six teams with two added expansion teams. The 12-game regular season will begin on April 26 and end on July 21.

==League business==
===Teams===
The league announced the [[Atlantic City Blackjacks]] expansion team on January 22, 2019, that is operated by the same ownership group as the Albany Empire.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.pressofatlanticcity.com/news/arena-football-league-team-approved-for-atlantic-city/article_a9d9ede4-1578-51e2-8532-026dc863b5fc.html |title=Arena Football League team approved for Atlantic City |work=[[The Press of Atlantic City]] |date=January 22, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.oursportscentral.com/services/releases/albany-empire-parent-company-chosen-to-operate-new-atlantic-city-afl-franchise/n-5440873 |title=Albany Empire Parent Company Chosen to Operate New Atlantic City AFL Franchise |website=OurSportsCentral.com |date=January 23, 2019}}</ref> On February 7, 2019, the league re-added the [[Columbus Destroyers (2019–)|Columbus Destroyers]] as another expansion team to bring the league back to six teams.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.arenafootball.com/article/columbusannouncement |title=THE ARENA FOOTBALL LEAGUE ANNOUNCES EXPANSION TO COLUMBUS, OHIO |publisher=AFL |date=February 7, 2019}}</ref>

===Schedule and playoff changes===

The 2019 season will consist of a 13-week schedule during which each team will play 12 games and have one bye week.

At the end of the regular season, the top four teams will participate in the [[ArenaBowl]] playoffs, in which the top seed will face the 4th seed while the 2nd seed will face the 3rd seed in a home and home series. The team in each series with the [[Two-legged tie|highest aggregate score]] will advance to the ArenaBowl. If the aggregate score in either series is tied after the second game in the home-and-home semifinals, the game will continue in the AFL's standard overtime format. While the semifinals will consist of two games in each pairing, ArenaBowl XXXII will still be still only one game.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://arenafootball.com/article/new-article13022019174227 |title=Arena Football League Announces 2019 Schedule, Rule Changes |website=ArenaFootball.com |access-date=2019-03-08}}</ref>

==Regular season standings==
<section begin=standings />
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 95%; text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="12" style="background:navy; color:white; border:2px solid #E62020;"| '''2019 Arena Football League standings'''
|-
!rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;" | Team
!colspan="3" style="text-align:center;" | Overall
!colspan="2" style="text-align:center;" | Points
!colspan="4" style="text-align:center;" | Records
|-
!width="20"| {{Tooltip|W|Wins}}
!width="20"| {{Tooltip|L|Losses}}
!width="30"| {{Tooltip|PCT|Winning percentage}}
!width="30"| {{Tooltip|PF|Points for}}
!width="30"| {{Tooltip|PA|Points against}}
!width="30"| {{Tooltip|Home|Home record}}
!width="30"| {{Tooltip|Away|Away record}}
!width="30"| {{Tooltip|GB|Games behind leader}}
!width="30"| {{Tooltip|STK|Current win-loss streak}}

|- {{#switch:{{{team}}}|Empire|Empire=style="{{NFLPrimaryStyle|Albany Empire (AFL)|year=2018|border=2}};"}}
| style="text-align:left;" | [[2019 Albany Empire season|Albany Empire]] || 0 || 0 || {{Winning percentage|0|0}} || 0 || 0 || 0–0 || 0–0 || — || —

|- {{#switch:{{{team}}}|Blackjacks|Blackjacks=style="{{NFLPrimaryStyle|Atlantic City Blackjacks|year=2018|border=2}};"}}
| style="text-align:left;" | [[2019 Atlantic City Blackjacks season|Atlantic City Blackjacks]] || 0 || 0 || {{Winning percentage|0|0}} || 0 || 0 || 0–0 || 0–0 || — || —

|- {{#switch:{{{team}}}|Brigade|Brigade=style="{{NFLPrimaryStyle|Baltimore Brigade|year=2018|border=2}};"}}
| style="text-align:left;" | [[2019 Baltimore Brigade season|Baltimore Brigade]] || 0 || 0 || {{Winning percentage|0|0}} || 0 || 0 || 0–0 || 0–0 || — || —

|- {{#switch:{{{team}}}|Destroyers|Destroyers=style="{{NFLPrimaryStyle|Columbus Destroyers|year=2018|border=2}};"}}
| style="text-align:left;" | [[2019 Columbus Destroyers season|Columbus Destroyers]] || 0 || 0 || {{Winning percentage|0|0}} || 0 || 0 || 0–0 || 0–0 || — || —

|- {{#switch:{{{team}}}|Soul|Soul=style="{{NFLPrimaryStyle|Philadelphia Soul|year=2018|border=2}};"}}
| style="text-align:left;" | [[2019 Philadelphia Soul season|Philadelphia Soul]] || 0 || 0 || {{Winning percentage|0|0}} || 0 || 0 || 0–0 || 0–0 || — || —

|- {{#switch:{{{team}}}|Valor|Valor=style="{{NFLPrimaryStyle|Washington Valor|year=2018|border=2}};"}}
| style="text-align:left;" | [[2019 Washington Valor season|Washington Valor]] || 0 || 0 || {{Winning percentage|0|0}} || 0 || 0 || 0–0 || 0–0 || — || —

|}
{{sup|(#)}} - clinched regular season title<noinclude>
<section end=standings />



==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

{{AFL seasons}}
{{Arena Football League}}
{{2019 Arena Football League}}

[[Category:2019 Arena Football League season| ]]

J. J. Wilcox

2019-03-18T22:24:58Z

Willy3198: Correction

{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{Infobox NFL player
| name = J. J. Wilcox
| image = J.J. Wilcox.jpg
| image_size = 170
| alt =
| caption = Wilcox with the Dallas Cowboys in 2015
| current_team = Free agent
| number =
| position = [[Safety (gridiron football position)|Free safety]]
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1991|2|14|mf=y}}
| birth_place = [[Cairo, Georgia]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| height_ft = 6
| height_in = 0
| weight_lbs = 212
| high_school = [[Cairo High School|Cairo]] ([[Cairo, Georgia]])
| college = [[Georgia Southern Eagles football|Georgia Southern]]
| draftyear = 2013
| draftround = 3
| draftpick = 80
| pastteams =
* [[Dallas Cowboys]] ({{NFL Year|2013}}–{{NFL Year|2016}})
* [[Tampa Bay Buccaneers]] ({{NFL Year|2017}})*
* [[Pittsburgh Steelers]] ({{NFL Year|2017}})
* [[New York Jets]] ({{NFL Year|2018}})
* [[Indianapolis Colts]] ({{NFL Year|2018}})
| pastteamsnote = yes
| status = Active
| highlights =
* First-team [[Southern Conference|All-Southern]] (2012)
| statseason = 2018
| statweek =
| statlabel1 = [[Tackle (Gridiron football move)|Total tackles]]
| statvalue1 = 233
| statlabel2 = [[Fumble|Forced fumbles]]
| statvalue2 = 2
| statlabel3 = [[Fumble|Fumble recoveries]]
| statvalue3 = 2
| statlabel4 = [[Pass deflections]]
| statvalue4 = 16
| statlabel5 = [[Interceptions]]
| statvalue5 = 6
| nflnew = j.j.wilcox/2540219
| pfr = W/WilcJ.00
}}

'''James Edward "J. J." Wilcox, Jr.''' (born February 14, 1991) is an [[American football]] [[safety (gridiron football position)|safety]] who is currently a free agent. He was drafted by the [[Dallas Cowboys]] in the third round of the [[2013 NFL Draft]]. He played [[college football]] at [[Georgia Southern Eagles football|Georgia Southern University]]. He has also played for the [[Tampa Bay Buccaneers]], [[Pittsburgh Steelers]], and the [[New York Jets]]

==Early years==
Wilcox was born in [[Cairo, Georgia]]. He attended [[Cairo High School]], where he played [[wide receiver]] and [[free safety]]. As a senior, he registered 22 receptions for 400 yards, 5 [[touchdown]]s, 77 tackles, one interception and 3 forced fumbles, while helping the Cairo Syrupmakers win the 2008 state championship. He received first-team All-region and first-team All-area honors at [[wide receiver]].

==College career==
Coming out of high school, Wilcox was not a highly sought after prospect and planned onto walking onto Georgia Southern's football team after not receiving a scholarship offer. Georgia Southern only offered a scholarship after [[Samford University|Samford]] had extended a scholarship offer to Wilcox a week before national signing day.<ref>{{cite web| title=Five cool Things we learned about Cowboys' rookie J.J. Wilcox| url=https://sportsday.dallasnews.com/dallas-cowboys/cowboysheadlines/2013/07/13/five-cool-things-we-learned-about-cowboys-rookie-j.j.-wilcox| accessdate=November 26, 2017| website=sportsday.dallasnews.com}}</ref>
Wilcox attended [[Georgia Southern University]], where he played for the [[Georgia Southern Eagles football]] team from 2009 to 2012. He started off his career as a [[wide receiver]], tallying 16 receptions for 179 yards and 3 tackles on defense.

As a sophomore, he was moved to [[running back]]. He started 14 out of 15 games, registering 85 carries for 484 yards (5.7-yard average), 6 rushing [[touchdown]]s, 22 receptions (led the team) for 551 yards, 25.02-yard average per reception (school record), 3 receiving [[touchdown]]s and 2 tackles on defense. Against the [[University of Tennessee at Chattanooga]], he had 121 receiving yards, including a 63-yard catch. Against [[Furman University]], he had 107 receiving yards.

As a junior, he started 8 out of 13 games, posting 52 carries for 480 yards (9.2-yard average), 7 rushing [[touchdown]]s, 7 receptions for 168 yards and one receiving [[touchdown]]. Against [[Western Carolina University]], he had 115 rushing yards and 2 [[touchdown]]s. Against the [[University of Maine]], he collected 99 rushing yards and 2 [[touchdown]]s.

As a senior, he was moved [[safety (American and Canadian football position)|safety]]. He started 13 out of 14 games, finishing second on the team with 88 tackles, two interceptions, three pass break ups and one blocked punt. He also returned 31 kicks for 780 yards and averaged 25.2 yards per kickoff return. Against [[Samford University]], he had 12 tackles.

==Professional career==
On December 4, 2012, it was reported that Wilcox had accepted his invitation to play in the [[2013 Senior Bowl]]. He became the second player from Georgia Southern to appear in the Senior Bowl, the first being Adrian Peterson in [[2002 Senior Bowl|2002]]. Under [[2013 Detroit Lions season|Detroit Lions']] head coach [[Jim Schwartz]], he had impressive performances in practice during the week leading up to the Senior Bowl. On January 26, 2013, Wilcox recorded two combined tackles to help the South defeat the North 21-16.<ref>{{cite web| title=2013 Senior Bowl: JJ Wilcox, Datone Jones and Brandon Williams impress| url=https://www.cbssports.com/nfl/news/2013-senior-bowl-jj-wilcox-datone-jones-and-brandon-williams-impress/| accessdate=November 26, 2017| website=cbssports.com| author=Pat Kirwin| date=January 26, 2013}}</ref>

As a top safety prospect, Wilcox received an invitation to the [[NFL Scouting Combine|NFL Combine]] and completed all of the required combine drills and positional drills. Amongst all safeties, Wilcox finished sixth in the short shuttle, eighth in the [[40-yard dash]], and ninth in the broad jump.<ref name="five"/> On March 15, 2013, he participated at Georgia Southern's pro day. Satisfied with his performance at the NFL combine, he chose to only perform positional drills. Team representatives and scouts from 22 NFL teams attended Georgia Southern's pro day. At the conclusion of the pre-draft process, Wilcox was projected to be a third round pick by the majority of NFL analysts and scouts. Wilcox was ranked the third best strong safety prospect available in the draft by NFLDraftScout.com, the fifth best safety by NFL analyst [[Josh Norris]], and the sixth best safety by NFL analyst [[Mike Mayock]].<ref>{{cite web|URL=http://www.nfldraftscout.com/ratings/dsprofile.php?pyid=120756&draftyear=2013&genpos=SS| title=J.J. Wilcox, DS #3 SS, Georgia Southern| accessdate=October 7, 2017| website=nfldraftscout.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|URL=https://www.nfl.com/draft/story/0ap1000000161676/article/2013-nfl-draft-mike-mayocks-top-100-prospects| title=2013 NFL Draft: Mike Mayock's top 100 prospects| accessdate=October 7, 2017| website=NFL.com| author=Mike Mayock| date=April 21, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| title=2013 NFL Draft: Kenny Vaccaro, John Cyprien head safety class| url=http://www.nfl.com/news/story/0ap1000000157863/article/2013-nfl-draft-kenny-vaccaro-john-cyprien-lead-best-safeties| accessdate=November 26, 2017| website=NFL.com| author=Josh Norris| date=April 5, 2013}}</ref>
{{nfl predraft
| height ft = 6
| height in = 0
| weight = 213
| dash = 4.57
| ten split = 1.57
| twenty split = 2.65
| shuttle = 4.09
| cone drill = 7.02
| vertical = 35
| broad ft = 10
| broad in = 4
| bench = 17
| wonderlic =
| arm span = 31
| hand span = 9
| note = All values from [[NFL Combine]]
}}
<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.nfl.com/combine/profiles/j.j.-wilcox?id=2540219 | title=J.J. Wilcox NFL Combine results | accessdate=February 19, 2016}}</ref>

===Dallas Cowboys===
The [[Dallas Cowboys]] selected Wilcox in the third round (80th overall) of the [[2013 NFL Draft]].<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.espn.com/blog/dallas/cowboys/post/_/id/4707997/cowboys-draft-safety-jj-wilcox-in-third-round | title=Cowboys draft safety JJ Wilcox in third round |website=ESPN.com | accessdate=February 19, 2016}}</ref> He was the seventh safety selected in 2013.

====2013====
On June 18, 2013, the Dallas Cowboys signed Wilcox to a four-year, $2.81 million contract.<ref name="spotrac">{{cite web| title=Spotrac.com: J.J. Wilcox contract| url=http://www.spotrac.com/nfl/pittsburgh-steelers/j.j.-wilcox-12361/| accessdate=November 26, 2017| website=spotrac.com}}</ref>

He competed with [[Will Allen (safety)|Will Allen]], [[Jeff Heath (American football)|Jeff Heath]], [[Matt Johnson (safety)|Matt Johnson]], and [[Brandon Underwood]] for the job as the starting free safety left by the departure [[Gerald Sensabaugh]].<ref>{{cite web| title=Ourlads.com: Dallas Cowboys' depth chart: 07/01/2013| url=http://www.ourlads.com/nfldepthcharts/archive/146/DAL| accessdate=November 26, 2017| website=Ourlads.com}}</ref> The Dallas Cowboys were going to name him starting [[free safety]] during [[training camp]], but the unexpected death of his mother slowed his progress due to a two-week absence. Head coach [[Jason Garrett]] decided to name veteran Will Allen the starter instead to start the regular season instead.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.espn.com/blog/dallas/cowboys/post/_/id/4727958/cowboys-believe-j-j-wilcox-will-blossom | title=Cowboys believe J.J. Wilcox will blossom |website=ESPN.com | accessdate=February 19, 2016}}</ref>

He made his professional regular season debut in the [[2013 Dallas Cowboys season|Dallas Cowboys']] season-opener against the [[2013 New York Giants season|New York Giants]] and assisted on one tackle during their 36-31 win. On September 22, 2013, Wilcox earned his first career start at free safety and recorded three combined tackles in the Cowboys' 31-7 victory over the [[2013 St. Louis Rams season|St. Louis Rams]]. During a Week 5 matchup against the [[2013 Denver Broncos season|Denver Broncos]], Wilcox made a season-high eight combined tackles in a 51-48 loss.<ref>{{cite web| title=NFL Player stats: J. J. Wilcox (2013)| url=http://www.nfl.com/player/j.j.wilcox/2540219/gamelogs?season=2013| accessdate=November 26, 2017| website=NFL.com}}</ref> He started five consecutive games, until suffering a sprained right knee in practice, that forced him to miss three games (Weeks 8-10). The injury occurred during red zone drills as he was defending a pass against tight end [[Gavin Escobar]]<ref>{{cite web| title=Sprained Knee Could’ve Been Worse, But Wilcox Likely To Sit| url=https://www.dallascowboys.com/news/sprained-knee-could-ve-been-worse-but-wilcox-likely-to-sit-343281| accessdate=November 26, 2017| website=DallasCowboys.com| author=Nick Eatman| date=October 24, 2013}}</ref> During his absence, he was replaced by rookie [[undrafted free agent]] [[Jeff Heath (American football)|Jeff Heath]].<ref>{{cite web| title=Jeff Heath: 2013 better than some think; safety is 'way more comfortable' now| url=https://sportsday.dallasnews.com/dallas-cowboys/cowboysheadlines/2014/06/17/jeff-heath-2013-better-than-some-think-safety-is-way-more-comfortable-now| accessdate=November 26, 2017| website=sportsday.Dallasnews.com}}</ref> On November 24, 2013, Wilcox returned from his knee sprain and recorded four combined tackles in a 24-21 loss at the [[2013 New York Giants season|New York Giants]]. He left the game in the first quarter and was placed into the concussion protocol.<ref>{{cite web| title=J.J. Wilcox suffers head injury| url=http://www.espn.com/blog/dallas-cowboys/post/_/id/4719976/j-j-wilcox-suffers-head-injury| accessdate=November 26, 2017| website=ESPN.com| author=Calvin Watkins| date=November 24, 2013}}</ref> He finished the year in a reserve role at free safety and had a total of 38 combined tackles (22 solo) and a pass deflection in 13 games and five starts.<ref name="career">{{cite web| title=NFL Player stats: J. J. Wilcox career stats| url=http://www.nfl.com/player/j.j.wilcox/2540219/careerstats| accessdate=November 26, 2017| website=NFL.com}}</ref>

====2014====
Wilcox competed with Jeff Heath and [[Ahmad Dixon]] in training camp for the starting free safety position. New defensive coordinator [[Rod Marinelli]] chose to move Heath and Wilcox to the strong safety role and veteran [[Barry Church]] to free safety.<ref>{{cite web| title=Ourlads.com: Dallas Cowboys' depth chart: 08/01/2014| url=http://www.ourlads.com/nfldepthcharts/archive/161/DAL| accessdate=November 26, 2017| website=Ourlads.com}}</ref> He was named the starting strong safety by head coach Jason Garrett.

On October 27, 2014, Wilcox collected seven solo tackles and made his first career interception off a pass attempt by [[2014 Washington Redskins season|Washington Redskins']] quarterback [[Colt McCoy]] during a 20-17 overtime loss.<ref>{{cite web| title=NFL Game Center: Week 8-2014: Washington Redskins @ Dallas Cowboys| url=http://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2014102700/2014/REG8/redskins@cowboys| accessdate=November 26, 2017| website=NFL.com}}</ref> In Week 13, he recorded a season-high ten combined tackles in the Cowboys' 33-10 loss to the [[2014 Philadelphia Eagles season|Philadelphia Eagles]]. On December 14, 2014, Wilcox made four solo tackles, forced a fumble, and Eagles' quarterback [[Mark Sanchez]] in their 38-27 victory.<ref>{{cite web| title=NFL Game Center: Week 15-2014: Dallas Cowboys @ Philadelphia Eagles |url= http://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2014121413/2014/REG15/cowboys@eagles |accessdate= November 26, 2017 |website=NFL.com}}</ref> The following week, he made one solo tackle, deflected a pass, and intercepted a pass attempt by [[Andrew Luck]] as Dallas routed the [[2014 Indianapolis Colts season|Indianapolis Colts]] 42-7. The [[2014 Dallas Cowboys season|Dallas Cowboys]] finished the {{NFL year|2014}} season atop the [[NFC East]] with a 12-4 record. On January 4, 2015, Wilcox started his first career playoff game and recorded seven solo tackles in a 24-20 NFC Wildcard championship victory over the [[2014 Detroit Lions season|Detroit Lions]]. He also started the Cowboys' NFC divisional playoff game against the [[2014 Green Bay Packers season|Green Bay Packers]], but did not record a stat in their 26-21 loss. There was major controversy surrounding the ending of the game after [[Dez Bryant|Dez Bryant's]] 31-yard catch on a fourth and two was overturned after a challenge by Packers' head coach [[Mike McCarthy (American football)|Mike McCarthy]]. Referee Gene Steratore stated that Bryant did not maintain possession of the ball throughout the entirety of the catch.<ref>{{cite web| title=Aaron Rodgers, controversial call lift Packers over Cowboys| URL=https://www.chicagotribune.com/sports/football/ct-cowboys-packers-nfl-playoffs-spt-0112-20150111-story,amp.html| accessdate=November 26, 2017| website=chicagotribune.com| author=Rich Campbell| date=January 11, 2015}}</ref>

He started 16 games and was fourth on the team with 74 combined tackles (62 solo), three interceptions, four pass deflections, one forced and two fumble recoveries. He played in 94.4% of the Dallas Cowboys defensive snaps in 2014.<ref name="CBA"/>

====2015====
In training camp, Wilcox compete with Jeff Heath for the starting free safety position with [[Barry Church]] at strong safety. He won the job and was named the starter going into the regular season.<ref>{{cite web| title=Ourlads.com: Dallas Cowboys' depth chart: 08/01/2015| url=http://www.ourlads.com/nfldepthcharts/archive/164/DAL|accessdate=November 26, 2017| website=Ourlads.com}}</ref>

Wilcox started the [[2015 Dallas Cowboys season|Dallas Cowboys']] season-opener against The [[2015 New York Giants season|New York Giants]] and recorded three combined tackles and defended a pass in their 27-26 victory. During the first quarter, Wilcox delivered a vicious hit against Giants' [[wide receiver]] [[Odell Beckham Jr.]] and successfully broke up a pass attempt by [[Eli Manning]]. Unfortunately, Wilcox suffered broken nose on the play, but continued to play the remainder of the game while Beckham briefly left the game.<ref>{{cite web| title=Report: J.J. Wilcox hit Odell Beckham Jr. so hard he broke his own nose, then he kept playing| url=http://m.espn.com/general/blogs/blogpost?blogname=4152896&id=13658262&src=desktop| accessdate=November 26, 2017| website=ESPN.com| author=Tory Barron| date=September 14, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.espn.com/blog/dallas/cowboys/post/_/id/4745231/cowboys-work-on-odell-beckham-jr-shouldnt-be-overlooked | title=Cowboys' work on Odell Beckham Jr. shouldn't be overlooked |website=ESPN.com | accessdate=February 19, 2016}}</ref> The following week, the Cowboys matched up at the [[2015 Philadelphia Eagles season|Philadelphia Eagles]] and made a solo tackle and intercepted a pass attempt by [[Sam Bradford]], as the Cowboys defeated them 20-10 <ref>{{cite web| title=NFL Game Center: Week 2-2015: Dallas Cowboys @ Philadelphia Eagles| url=http://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2015092012/2015/REG2/cowboys@eagles| accessdate=November 26, 2017| website=NFL.com}}</ref>

On November 8, 2015, Wilcox collected seven combined tackles in a 33-27 overtime loss to the Philadelphia Eagles. Wilcox suffered heavy criticism for a poor play that resulted in the Eagles winning in overtime. Philadelphia Eagles' quarterback Sam Bradford completed a pass to [[Jordan Matthews]] who scored a 41-yard touchdown after Byron Jones stumbled and Wilcox took a poor angle while in pursuit.<ref>{{cite web| title=NFL Game Center: Week 9-2015: Philadelphia Eagles @ Dallas Cowboys| url=http://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2015110810/2015/REG9/eagles@cowboys| accessdate=November 26, 2017| website=NFL.com}}</ref> The following week, Wilcox was demoted to be the backup safety behind rookie [[Byron Jones (American football)|Byron Jones]], but returned as the starting free safety in Week 11 after Jones had to substitute for [[Morris Claiborne]] at [[cornerback]] after suffering a [[hamstring]] injury.<ref name="role"/><ref>{{cite web| title=Cowboys expect to play another game without Morris Claiborne| url=https://www.star-telegram.com/sports/nfl/dallas-cowboys/article46219810.html| accessdate=November 27, 2017| website=star-telegram.com| author=Charean Williams| date=November 24, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.espn.com/blog/dallas-cowboys/post/_/id/4746963/byron-jones-skill-set-has-put-j-j-wilcox-on-the-bench | title=Byron Jones' skill set has put J.J. Wilcox on bench |website=ESPN.com | accessdate=February 19, 2016}}</ref> On November 13, 2015, he earned a season-high ten combined tackles in a 28-7 loss to the [[2015 Green Bay Packers season|Green Bay Packers]]. During a Week 17 matchup against the [[2015 Washington Redskins season|Washington Redskins]], Wilcox recorded two solo tackles and had the first safety of his career in the Cowboys' 34-23 loss. Wilcox recorded the safety, along with [[Demarcus Lawrence]] in the fourth quarter, stopping Redskin' running back [[Alfred Morris (American football)|Alfred Morris]] in the endzone.<ref>{{cite web| title=NFL Game Center: Week 17-2015: Washington Redskins @ Dallas Cowboys| url=http://www.nfl.com/gamecenter/2016010307/2015/REG17/redskins@cowboys| accessdate=November 26, 2017| website=NFL.com}}</ref> He recorded 53 combined tackles (37 solo), three pass deflections, an interception, and a forced fumble in 13 starts and 16 games. He also played 821 defensive snaps and in 77.7% of the Cowboys' defensive plays.<ref name="role">{{cite web| title=Safety J.J. Wilcox ready for competition, hoping to find role with Cowboys| url=https://www.star-telegram.com/sports/nfl/dallas-cowboys/article78448732.html| accessdate=November 27, 2017| website=star-telegram.com| author=Charean Williams| date=May 18, 2016}}</ref>

During the {{NFL Year|2015}}, Wilcox began developing an identity for delivering hard hits, but also missing tackles.<ref name="hits"/> [[Pro Football Focus]] ranked him 47th of 63 safeties in tackle efficiency. He also missed 2.6% of his tackles while in deep coverage and was ranked the 79th best overall safety, out of 89 who qualified, for the season.<ref>{{cite web| title=The Curious Case of J.J. Wilcox| url=http://cowboysnation.com/2016/06/the-curious-case-of-j-j-wilcox.html| accessdate=November 27, 2017| website=cowboysnation.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| title=Cowboys safety J.J. Wilcox: "I’m still growing at the position"| url=https://www.thelandryhat.com/2016/05/20/cowboys-safety-j-j-wilcox-im-still-growing-at-the-position/ |accessdate=November 27, 2017 |website= thelandryhat.com |author= Steven Mullenax}}</ref>

====2016====
Wilcox entered training camp on the roster bubble after losing his starting free safety job to Byron Jones after a difficult 2015 season. The Dallas Cowboys also drafted a safety in [[Kavon Frazier]] and had an upcoming and competent backup in Jeff Heath.<ref name="role"/> Head coach Jason Garrett named Wilcox the backup strong safety to Barry Church to start the 2016 season.<ref>{{cite web| title=Ourlads.com: Dallas Cowboys' depth chart: 10/01/2016| url=http://www.ourlads.com/nfldepthcharts/archive/188/DAL| accessdate=November 27, 2017| website=Ourlads.com}}</ref>

Due to the proven performance escalated that was placed in the 2011 [[Collective Bargaining Agreement]], Wilcox base salary for {{NFL Year|2016}} was raised from $690,000 to $1.68 million. This was due to him playing in 45.2% of the defensive snaps in his first three seasons, above the required 35%.<ref name="CBA">{{cite web| title=Cowboys' Terrance Williams, J.J. Wilcox to receive raises in 2016| url=http://www.espn.com/blog/dallas-cowboys/post/_/id/4749401/cowboys-terrance-williams-j-j-wilcox-to-receive-raises-in-2016?ex_cid=espnapi_public| accessdate=November 26, 2017| website=ESPN.com| author=Todd Archer| date=February 12, 2016}}</ref>

In Week 9, Wilcox returned to the starting lineup at the [[2016 Cleveland Browns season|Cleveland Browns]] after [[Barry Church]] fractured his arm the game prior against the [[2016 Philadelphia Eagles season|Philadelphia Eagles]].<ref>{{cite web| title=arry Church Injury: Updates on Cowboys DB's Recovery from Arm Surgery| url=http://bleacherreport.com/articles/2589324-barry-church-injury-updates-on-cowboys-dbs-arm-and-return| accessdate=November 27, 2017| website=bleacherreport.com| author=Tim Daniels}}</ref> He recorded three combined tackles in Dallas' 35-10 victory. On November 13, 2016, Wilcox earned a season-high nine combined tackles and deflected a pass in a 35-30 win against the [[2016 Pittsburgh Steelers season|Pittsburgh Steelers]]. During a Week 12 contest against the [[2016 Washington Redskins season|Washington Redskins]], Wilcox recorded four solo tackles, but left the Cowboys' 31-26 victory after suffering a thigh contusion. The injury caused him to miss the next three games (Weeks 13-15).<ref>{{cite web| title=Cowboys @ Giants: Injury Report Rules Out J.J. Wilcox, DeMarcus Lawrence Questionable| url=https://www.bloggingtheboys.com/platform/amp/2016/12/9/13902938/dallas-cowboys-giants-injury-report-rules-out-j-j-wilcox-demarcus-lawrence-questionable| accessdate=November 27, 2017| website=bloggingtheboys.com| author=Dave Halprin| date=December 9, 2016}}</ref> Wilcox returned in Week 16 and made three combined tackles, defended two passes, and intercepted a pass attempt by [[Matthew Stafford]] during the Dallas Cowboys 42-21 defeat of the [[2016 Detroit Lions season|Detroit Lions]].<ref>{{cite web| title=NFL Player stats: J. J. Wilcox 2016 stats| url=http://www.nfl.com/player/j.j.wilcox/2540219/gamelogs?season=2016| accessdate=November 27, 2017| website=NFL.com}}</ref> He finished the {{NFL Year|2016}} season with 49 combined tackles (37 solo), six pass deflections, and one interception in 13 games and four starts.<ref name="hits"/> Although Wilcox played a smaller role in the 2016 season, he was able to improve his play and his pass coverage ability.<ref name="hits">{{cite web| title=Improved J.J. Wilcox delivering big hits on regular basis|url=http://www.espn.com/blog/nflnation/post/_/id/228693/improved-j-j-wilcox-delivering-big-hits-on-regular-basis| accessdate=November 27, 2017| website=ESPN.com| author=Jean Jacques-Taylor| date=January 7, 2017}}</ref>

===Tampa Bay Buccaneers===
On March 11, 2017, the [[Tampa Bay Buccaneers]] signed Wilcox to a two-year, $6.25 million contract with $3.12 million guaranteed.<ref>{{cite web|title=Bucs Add J.J. Wilcox to Secondary|url=https://www.buccaneers.com/news/bucs-add-j-j-wilcox-to-secondary-18643718|author=Smith, Scott|website=Buccaneers.com|date=March 11, 2017}}</ref> Throughout training camp, Wilcox competed with [[Chris Conte]], [[Keith Tandy]], and [[Justin Evans (American football)|Justin Evans]] for a job as one of the starting safeties, but struggled and was projected as a reserve player.<ref>{{cite web| title=Dirk Koetter weighs in on Chris Conte's progression| url=https://bucswire.usatoday.com/2017/08/01/dirk-koetter-weighs-in-on-chris-contes-progression/| accessdate=November 27, 2017| website=bucswire.usatoday.com}}</ref>

===Pittsburgh Steelers===
On September 3, the [[Pittsburgh Steelers]] acquired Wilcox in a trade with the Tampa Bay Buccaneers to improve their depth at [[Safety (American and Canadian football position)|safety]], following injuries to [[Jordan Dangerfield]] and [[Mike Mitchell (safety)|Mike Mitchell]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Steelers trade for Wilcox|url=https://www.steelers.com/news/steelers-trade-for-wilcox-19310860|author=Varley, Teresa|website=Steelers.com|date=September 3, 2017}}</ref> The [[Pittsburgh Steelers]] traded their [[2018 NFL Draft#round six|sixth-round pick in the 2018 NFL Draft]] ([[Jack Cichy]]) for Wilcox and a [[2018 NFL Draft#round seven|seventh-round pick in the 2019 NFL Draft]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Safety J.J. Wilcox Traded to Steelers|url=https://www.buccaneers.com/news/safety-j-j-wilcox-traded-to-steelers-19311109|author=Smith, Scott|website=Buccaneers.com|date=September 3, 2017}}</ref> Wilcox became expendable after the Buccaneers signed coveted free agent [[T. J. Ward]], who had been released by the [[2017 Denver Broncos season|Denver Broncos]] the day prior in a cost cutting measure.

On September 7, it was reported that he agreed to restructure his contract he initially signed with the Buccaneers. The terms of his new contract are for two-years, $5.5 million deal with a $1.35 million signing bonus. This was done in order to open up more cap space for the {{NFL Year|2017}} season. Wilcox had $1.35 million of his base salary converted into a signing bonus and prorated it with the length of the contract.<ref>{{cite web| title=Steelers create more salary cap space by restructuring J.J. Wilcox's contract| url=https://www.steelerswire.usatoday.com/2017/09/07/steelers-increase-salary-cap-space-by-restructuring-contract-of-j-j-wilcox/| accessdate=November 26, 2017| website=steelerswire.usatoday.com| author=Simon A. Chester| date=September 7, 2017}}</ref>

He was named the backup free safety to Mike Mitchell to begin the regular season. Wilcox made his [[2017 Pittsburgh Steelers season|Pittsburgh Steelers']] debut in their season-opening 21-18 victory over the [[2017 Cleveland Browns season|Cleveland Browns]] and finished with two combined tackles. He delivered a helmet-to-helmet hit on Browns' wide receiver [[Corey Coleman]] in the fourth quarter and was knocked unconscious in the process. The Pittsburgh Steelers received a 15-yard unnecessary roughness penalty and Wilcox was fined $24,309 by the NFL days later.<ref>{{cite web| title=The Pittsburgh Steelers Had Four Unnecessary Roughness Penalties Against the Browns |url= http://thebiglead.com/2017/09/11/the-pittsburgh-steelers-had-four-unnecessary-roughness-penalties-against-the-browns/ |accessdate= November 27, 2017 |website= thebiglead.com |author= Jason Lisk |date= September 11, 2017}}</ref> He missed the following week after being diagnosed with a concussion.<ref>{{cite web |title= Steelers' J.J. Wilcox: In concussion protocol |url= https://www.cbssports.com/fantasy/football/news/steelers-j-j-wilcox-in-concussion-protocol/ |accessdate= November 27, 2017| website= cbssports.com |author= rotowire |date= September 12, 2017}}</ref> On September 24, he collected five combined tackles and intercepted [[Mike Glennon]] for his first pick with the Steelers, as they lost 17-23 to the [[2017 Chicago Bears season|Chicago Bears]]. The following week, he made his first start as a member of the Steelers and finished with three solo tackles during a 26-9 victory over the [[2017 Baltimore Ravens season|Baltimore Ravens]]. He appeared in 12 games (one start), making 12 tackles, one interception and one pass defensed.

On April 30, 2018, Wilcox was released by the Steelers, after drafting two safeties in the [[2018 NFL Draft]] and signing two safeties in free agency.<ref>{{cite web|title=Steelers release Wilcox|url=https://www.steelers.com/news/steelers-release-wilcox-20617974|author=Varley, Teresa|website=Steelers.com|date=April 30, 2018}}</ref>

===New York Jets===
On June 6, 2018, Wilcox signed with the [[New York Jets]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Jets Sign Safety J.J. Wilcox|url=https://www.newyorkjets.com/news/jets-sign-safety-j-j-wilcox|author=Lange, Randy|website=NewYorkJets.com|date=June 6, 2018}}</ref> He was released by the team on October, 8 to make room for [[Rashard Robinson]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Jets Activate CB Rashard Robinson, Release J.J. Wilcox|url=https://www.newyorkjets.com/news/jets-activate-cb-rashard-robinson-release-j-j-wilcox|author=Greenberg, Ethan|website=NewYorkJets.com|date=October 8, 2018}}</ref>

===Indianapolis Colts===
On December 18, 2018, Wilcox was signed by the [[Indianapolis Colts]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Roster Moves: Colts Place LB Skai Moore, DT Al Woods On IR; Sign Free Agent S J.J. Wilcox|url=https://www.colts.com/news/roster-moves-colts-place-lb-skai-moore-dt-al-woods-on-ir-sign-free-agent-s-j-j-w|website=Colts.com|date=December 18, 2018}}</ref>

==Personal life==
Wilcox was raised by his parents, James Wilcox Sr. and Marshell Wilcox, in Cairo, Georgia. His mother suffers from [[lupus]] and does oxygen therapy due to scarring on her [[lungs]]. Due to her conditioning worsening, she had been using an oxygen machine full-time since 2010. Marshell also suffers from lung [[sarcoidosis]]. During the 2013 NFL Draft, she was in the hospital with pneumonia.<ref>{{cite web| title=Cowboys rookie safety J.J. Wilcox gives his mother, who has lupus, the happiest Mother’s Day ever| url=https://www.star-telegram.com/sports/article3834749.html| accessdate=November 26, 2017| website=star-telegram.com| author=Charean Williams}}</ref> On August 13, 2013, his mother passed away.<ref>{{cite web| title=J.J. Wilcox's mother passes away| url=http://www.espn.com/blog/dallas/cowboys/post/_/id/4712448/j-j-wilcoxs-mother-passes-away| accessdate=November 26, 2017| website=ESPN.com| author=Ed Werder| date=August 14, 2013}}</ref> His father previously played running back for [[Fort Valley State]] and had an invitation to attend training camp with the [[Miami Dolphins]].<ref name="five">{{cite web| title=J. J. Wilcox: 5 Things You Need to Know About the Georgia Southern SS| url=https://www.bleacherreport.com/amp/1614369-j-j-wilcox-5-things-you-need-to-know-about-the-georgia-southern-ss.amp.html| accessdate=November 26, 2017| website=bleacherreport.com| author=Mike Stanger| date=April 26, 2013}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
*[http://www.dallascowboys.com/news/2014/09/19/star-still-new-position-best-yet-come-wilcox Still New To Position, Best Yet To Come For Wilcox]

{{Cowboys2013DraftPicks}}
{{Indianapolis Colts roster navbox}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Wilcox, J. J.}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1991 births]]
[[Category:People from Cairo, Georgia]]
[[Category:Players of American football from Georgia (U.S. state)]]
[[Category:American football safeties]]
[[Category:Georgia Southern Eagles football players]]
[[Category:Dallas Cowboys players]]
[[Category:Tampa Bay Buccaneers players]]
[[Category:Pittsburgh Steelers players]]
[[Category:New York Jets players]]
[[Category:Indianapolis Colts players]]

BMW M8 GTE

2019-02-06T21:57:23Z

Willy3198:

{{Racing car
|Car_name = BMW M8 GTE
|Image = BMW M8 GTE Felix da Costa Silverstone 2018.jpg
|caption = BMW M8 GTE, run by BMW Team MTEK, at the [[2018 6 Hours of Silverstone]] race
|Category = [[Sports_car_racing#Grand_Touring|GT Endurance]] ([[International Motor Sports Association|IMSA]] [[WeatherTech SportsCar Championship|WeatherTech SportsCar]] GTLM and [[FIA]] [[FIA World Endurance Championship|WEC]] GTE Pro)
|Constructor = [[BMW in motorsport|BMW]]
|Predecessor = [[BMW M6|BMW M6 GTLM]]
|Successor =
|Designer = Dominic Harlow and Michael Scully
|Team = {{flagicon|Germany}} [[Team MTEK|BMW Team MTEK]] {{flagicon|USA}} [[Rahal Letterman Lanigan Racing|BMW Team RLL]]
|Drivers = {{ubl
|{{flagicon|USA}} [[Connor De Phillippi]]
|{{flagicon|USA}} [[John Edwards (racing driver)|John Edwards]]
|{{flagicon|FIN}} [[Jesse Krohn]]
|{{flagicon|NED}} [[Nick Catsburg]]
|{{flagicon|BRA}} [[Augusto Farfus]]
|{{flagicon|GBR}} [[Alexander Sims (racing driver)|Alexander Sims]]
|{{flagicon|USA}} [[Bill Auberlen]]
|{{flagicon|AUT}} [[Philipp Eng]]
|{{flagicon|GER}} [[Martin Tomczyk]]
|{{flagicon|POR}} [[António Félix da Costa]]
|{{flagicon|GBR}} [[Tom Blomqvist]]
|{{flagicon|ITA}} [[Alex Zanardi]]
|{{flagicon|USA}} [[Colton Herta]]
|{{flagicon|AUS}} [[Chaz Mostert]]
}}
|Technical ref = <ref>{{cite web|title=#MISSION8 - BMW M8 GTE Technical Specifications|url=https://www.bmw-motorsport.com/en/topics/specials/mission8.html|work=bmw-motorsport.com|publisher=bmw-motorsport.com|date=12 September 2017|accessdate=12 September 2017}}</ref>
|Chassis = [[Carbon-fibre]] monocoque with safety roll cage
|Front suspension = Pushrod with double wishbones coupled with [[ZF Sachs]] dampers
|Rear suspension = Same as front
|Length = {{convert|4980|mm|in|0|abbr=on}} excluding rear wing
|Width = {{convert|2224|mm|in|0|abbr=on}}
|Height = {{convert|1212|mm|in|0|abbr=on}}
|Wheelbase = {{convert|2880|mm|in|0|abbr=on}}
|Track =
|Engine name = [[BMW N63|BMW P63/1]]
|Capacity = {{convert|3981|cc|cuin|0|abbr=on}}
|Configuration = 90° [[V8 engine|V8]]
|Turbo/NA = [[twin-turbocharged]],
|Engine position = [[front-engine design|front engine]], [[longitudinal engine|longitudinally mounted]]
|Power = {{convert|600|PS|kW hp|0|abbr=on}} at 7,000 rpm (estimated)<ref name="JP">{{cite web|URL=https://jalopnik.com/all-of-the-cool-little-details-on-the-new-bmw-m8-gte-th-1822487603|title=All of The Cool Little Details On The BMW M8 GTE That Debuted At Daytona|date=28 January 2018|first=Stef|last=Schrader|publisher=[[Gizmodo Media Group|Jalopnik]]|accessdate=31 October 2018}}</ref>
|Torque =
|Gearbox name = [[Xtrac Limited|Xtrac]]<ref name="JP"/>
|Gears = 6-speed
|Type = sequential [[semi-automatic transmission|semi-automatic]] paddle shift
|Differential =
|Weight = {{convert|1250|kg|lb|0|abbr=on}} including driver
|Brakes = [[AP Racing]] carbon brake discs with 6-piston calipers and pads
|Fuel = [[Total S.A.|Total]]<ref>{{cite web|title=FIA WEC Secures Five Year Total Deal|url=http://www.sportspromedia.com/news/fia-wec-secures-five-year-total-deal|work=sportspromedia.com|publisher=sportspromedia.com|date=20 April 2017|accessdate=20 April 2017}}</ref> (FIA WEC, 24 Hours of Le Mans), VP Racing Fuels ([[WeatherTech SportsCar Championship]]) and [[Shell V-Power]]
|Lubricants = [[Royal Dutch Shell|Shell Helix Ultra]]/[[Pennzoil|Pennzoil Ultra]]
|Tyres = [[Michelin]]
|Debut = [[2018 24 Hours of Daytona]]
|Races = 14
|Wins = 3
|Cons_champ = 0
|Drivers_champ = 0
|Poles = 2
|Fastest_laps = 1
|}}
The '''BMW M8 GTE''' is an endurance [[grand tourer]] (GT) car constructed by the [[Germany|German]] automobile manufacturer [[BMW]]. It was developed in late 2016 and made its competitive début in [[International Motor Sports Association|IMSA]] [[WeatherTech SportsCar Championship]] and [[FIA]] [[FIA World Endurance Championship|WEC]] for the 2018 season, and thus marking [[BMW Motorsport]]'s return to [[24 Hours of Le Mans]] after a six-year hiatus.<ref>{{cite web|title=BMW to enter WEC from 2018|url=http://www.fiawec.com/en/news/bmw-to-enter-wec-from-2018/4434|work=fiawec.com|publisher=fiawec.com|date=27 September 2016|accessdate=27 September 2016}}</ref> It was designed by BMW chief engineer Dominic Harlow. The M8 GTE, which replaced the ongoing BMW M6 GTLM at the end of the 2017 season, is based on the upcoming BMW M8. The car was unveiled on 12 September 2017 at the Frankfurt Motor Show, Germany.<ref>{{cite web|title=BMW Unveils M8 GTE at Frankfurt Auto Show|url=http://sportscar365.com/lemans/wec/bmw-unveils-m8-gte-at-international-motor-show-in-frankfurt/|work=sportscar365.com|publisher=sportscar365.com|date=12 September 2017|accessdate=12 September 2017}}</ref>

==Development==
BMW began development, design and construction of the M8 GTE in mid-2016. The first chassis was assembled in June 2017, with the first vehicle completed in July. The M8 GTE is the first car manufactured by BMW Motorsport from the ground up as a [[LM GTE]] homologated vehicle, rather than based off an existing design.

== Technical Features ==
The BMW M8 GTE programme utilizes several cutting-edge technologies and concepts, such as Additive Manufacturing<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bmw-motorsport.com/en/topics/specials/mission8.html|title=#MISSION8 {{!}} BMW Motorsport|website=www.bmw-motorsport.com|language=en-SM|access-date=2018-07-05}}</ref> for rapid prototyping of components, as well as a [[transaxle]], integrating the transmission, driveshaft, and axle assembly into a single unit, which in turn reduces the weight of the M8 GTE.

The M8 GTE is powered by a [[Front-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout|front-mid]] mounted [[BMW N63|BMW P63]] turbocharged V8 engine, the motorsport variant of the S63 motor found in roadgoing BMW's such as the [[BMW M5|F90 M5]], as well as the upcoming roadgoing [[BMW 8 Series (G14)]].

==References==
{{reflist}}
==External links==
{{Commons category inline}}
* [https://www.bmw-motorsport.com/en/topics/specials/mission8.html BMW M8 GTE profile on bmw-motorsport.com]

[[Category:BMW racing cars]]
[[Category:Grand tourer racing cars]]
[[Category:24 Hours of Le Mans race cars]]

Crotone

2019-02-05T01:48:49Z

Willy3198: /* Sport */

{{About||the province|Province of Crotone|the genus of fungi|Crotone (fungus)}}
{{coord|39|05|N|17|07|E|region:IT_type:city(60157)|display=title}}
{{Infobox Italian comune
| name = Crotone
| official_name = Città di Crotone
| native_name =
| image_skyline = Crotone Lungomare.jpg
| imagesize =
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Panorama of Crotone
| image_shield = Crotone-Stemma.png
| shield_alt =
| image_map =
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| coordinates = {{coord|39|05|N|17|07|E|region:IT_type:city(60157)|display=inline}}
| coordinates_footnotes =
| region = [[Calabria]]
| province = [[Province of Crotone|Crotone]] (KR)
| frazioni = Papanice, Apriglianello, Carpentieri, Cipolla, Farina, Gabella Grande, Iannello, Maiorano, Margherita
| mayor_party =
| mayor = Ugo Pugliese
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 = 179.8
| population_footnotes =
| population_total = 64603
| population_as_of = 31 August 2018
| pop_density_footnotes =
| population_demonym = Crotonesi
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 8
| twin1 =
| twin1_country =
| saint = [[Dionysius the Areopagite]]
| day = October 9
| postal_code = 88900
| area_code = 0962
| website = {{official website|http://www.comune.crotone.it}}
| footnotes =
}}
[[File:CastelloCrotone.jpg|thumb|250px|The Castle of Charles V.]]

'''Crotone''' ({{IPA-it|kroˈtoːne|lang}} {{audio|It-Crotone.ogg|listen}}; [[Central-Southern Calabrian|Crotonese]]: {{lang|scn|Cutrone}} or {{lang|scn|Cutruni}}) is a city and ''[[comune]]'' in [[Calabria]]. Founded {{circa|710 BC|lk=on}} as the [[Achaea (ancient region)|Achaean]] colony of '''Kroton''' ({{lang-grc|Κρότων}} or {{lang|grc|Ϙρότων}}, {{lang-la|Crotona}}), it was known as '''Cotrone''' from the [[Middle Ages]] until 1928, when its name was changed to the current one. In 1992, it became the capital of the newly established [[Province of Crotone]]. {{As of|August 2018}}, its population was about 65,000.

==History==
Croton's [[oikistes]] (founder) was [[Myscellus]] who came from the city of [[Rhypes]] in [[Achaea (ancient region)|Achaea]] in the northern Peloponnese. He established the city in c. 710 BC and it soon became one of the most flourishing cities of [[Magna Graecia]] with a population between 50,000 and 80,000 around 500 BC.<ref name="Jarde2013">{{cite book|author=Jarde, A.|title=The Formation of the Greek People|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5aEWAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA217 |year=2013 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-136-19586-0 |page=217}}</ref> Its inhabitants were famous for their physical strength and for the simple sobriety of their lives. From 588 BC onwards, Croton produced many generations of victors in the [[Ancient Olympic Games|Olympics]] and the other [[Panhellenic Games]], the most famous of whom was [[Milo of Croton]]. According to [[Herodotus]] (3.131), the physicians of Croton were considered the foremost among the Greeks, and among them [[Democedes]], son of [[Calliphon of Croton|Calliphon]], was the most prominent in the 6th century BC. Accordingly, he traveled around Greece and ended up working in the court of [[Polycrates]], tyrant of Samos. After the tyrant was murdered, Democedes was captured by the Persians and brought to King Darius, curing him of a dislocated ankle. Democedes' fame was, according to Herodotus, the basis for the prestige of Croton's physicians.<ref>Herodotus, ''The Histories'', p. 226, Penguin Classics</ref> [[Pythagoras]] founded his school, the [[Pythagoreanism|Pythagoreans]], at Croton c. 530 BC. Among his pupils were the early medical theorist [[Alcmaeon of Croton]] and the philosopher, mathematician, and astronomer [[Philolaus]]. The Pythagoreans acquired considerable influence with the supreme council of one thousand by which the city was ruled. [[Sybaris]] was the rival of Croton until 510 BC, when Croton sent an army of one hundred thousand men, commanded by the wrestler [[Milo of Crotone|Milo]], against Sybaris and destroyed it. Shortly afterwards, however, an insurrection took place, led by a prominent citizen, [[Cylon of Croton|Cylon]], by which the Pythagoreans were driven out and a democracy established.

[[File:SNGANS 259ff.jpg|left|thumb|Coin of Croton, c. 480-460 BC.]]

In 480 BC, Croton sent a ship in support of the Greeks at the [[Battle of Salamis]] (Herodotus 8.47), but the victory of [[Locri]] and [[Reggio Calabria|Rhegium]] over Croton in the same year marked the beginning of its decline. It was replaced by [[Heraclea (Lucania)|Heraclea]] as headquarters of the [[Italiotes|Italiote League]]. [[Dionysius I of Syracuse|Dionysius]], the tyrant of [[Syracuse, Italy|Syracuse]], aiming at hegemony in Magna Graecia, captured Croton in 379 BC and held it for twelve years. Croton was then occupied by the [[Bruttii]], with the exception of the citadel, in which the chief inhabitants had taken refuge; these soon after surrendered, and were allowed to withdraw to Locri.

In 295 BC, Croton fell to another Syracusan tyrant, [[Agathocles]]. When [[Pyrrhus of Epirus|Pyrrhus]] invaded Italy (280-278, 275 BC), it was still a considerable city, with twelve miles ({{convert|12|mi|abbr=out|disp=output only}}) of walls, but after the [[Pyrrhic War]], half the town was deserted (Livy 24.3). What was left of its population submitted to [[Roman Republic|Rome]] in 277 BC. After the [[Battle of Cannae]] in the [[Second Punic War]] (216 BC), Croton was betrayed to the Brutii by a democratic leader named [[Aristomachus of Croton|Aristomachus]], who defected to the Roman side. [[Hannibal]] made it his winter quarters for three years and the city was not recaptured until 205 or 204 BC. In 194 BC, it became the site of a Roman colony. Little more is heard of it during the Republican and [[Roman Empire|Imperial]] periods, though the action of one of the more significant surviving fragments of the ''[[Satyricon]]'' of [[Petronius]] is set in Croton.

Around 550, the city was unsuccessfully besieged by [[Totila]], king of the [[Ostrogoths]]. At a later date it became a part of the [[Byzantine Empire]]. Around 841, the [[Republic of Venice]] sent a fleet of 60 galleys (each carrying 200 men) to assist the Byzantines in driving the Arabs from Crotone, but it failed.<ref name="Norwich32">J. Norwich, ''A History of Venice'', 32</ref> About 870, it was sacked by the [[Saracen]]s, who put to death the bishop and many people who had taken refuge in the cathedral but were not able to occupy the city. Over a hundred years later, [[Otto II, Holy Roman Emperor]], mounted a campaign in southern Italy to reduce the power of the Byzantines. Later on Crotone was conquered by the [[Normans]]. In 1806, it was occupied and sacked by the English, and later on by the French. Thereafter it shared the fate of the [[Kingdom of Naples]]—including the period of Spanish rule of which the 16th-century castle of [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles V]], overlooking modern Crotone, serves as a reminder—and its successor, the [[Two Sicilies|Kingdom of the Two Sicilies]], which was conquered by the [[Kingdom of Sardinia]] in 1860 and incorporated into the new Kingdom of Italy in 1861.

Crotone's location between the ports of [[Taranto]] and [[Messina]], as well as its proximity to a source of hydroelectric power, favored industrial development during the period between the two World Wars. In the 1930s its population doubled. However, after the two main employers, [[Pertusola Sud]] and [[Montedison]], collapsed by the late 1980s, Crotone was in economic crisis, with many residents losing their jobs and leaving to find work elsewhere. In 1996, the river [[Esaro (Crotone)|Esaro]] flooded the city, which dealt a further blow to the city's morale. Since that low point, the city has undergone urban renewal and risen in quality-of-life rankings.

== Geography ==
=== Climate ===
Crotone enjoys a [[Mediterranean climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]]: ''Csa'').
{{Weather box
|metric first=yes
|single line=yes
|location=[[Crotone Airport]]


|Jan record high C=21.0
|Feb record high C=22.0
|Mar record high C=25.2
|Apr record high C=26.2
|May record high C=33.0
|Jun record high C=43.0
|Jul record high C=42.2
|Aug record high C=42.0
|Sep record high C=38.6
|Oct record high C=31.8
|Nov record high C=25.4
|Dec record high C=22.4

|Jan high C=12.9
|Feb high C=13.0
|Mar high C=14.9
|Apr high C=17.4
|May high C=22.6
|Jun high C=27.5
|Jul high C=30.6
|Aug high C=30.4
|Sep high C=26.6
|Oct high C=21.6
|Nov high C=16.9
|Dec high C=13.8

|Jan mean C=9.2
|Feb mean C=9.2
|Mar mean C=10.8
|Apr mean C=12.9
|May mean C=17.4
|Jun mean C=21.8
|Jul mean C=25.0
|Aug mean C=25.1
|Sep mean C=21.9
|Oct mean C=17.7
|Nov mean C=13.3
|Dec mean C=10.3

|Jan low C=5.6
|Feb low C=5.5
|Mar low C=6.7
|Apr low C=8.4
|May low C=12.2
|Jun low C=16.1
|Jul low C=19.4
|Aug low C=19.9
|Sep low C=17.2
|Oct low C=13.8
|Nov low C=9.6
|Dec low C=6.7


|Jan record low C=−6.2
|Feb record low C=−2.8
|Mar record low C=−1.6
|Apr record low C=0.8
|May record low C=3.6
|Jun record low C=8.2
|Jul record low C=10.0
|Aug record low C=11.6
|Sep record low C=9.0
|Oct record low C=4.0
|Nov record low C=1.0
|Dec record low C=−1.4

|precipitation colour=green 

|Jan precipitation mm=96.2
|Feb precipitation mm=87.1
|Mar precipitation mm=94.1
|Apr precipitation mm=52.7
|May precipitation mm=24.7
|Jun precipitation mm=5.2
|Jul precipitation mm=11.9
|Aug precipitation mm=24.0
|Sep precipitation mm=53.9
|Oct precipitation mm=115.8
|Nov precipitation mm=116.2
|Dec precipitation mm=109.8


|humidity colour= 
|Jan humidity=75
|Feb humidity=73
|Mar humidity=72
|Apr humidity=72
|May humidity=68
|Jun humidity=62
|Jul humidity=57
|Aug humidity=62
|Sep humidity=64
|Oct humidity=74
|Nov humidity=78
|Dec humidity=75

|unit precipitation days=1 mm 
|precip days colour= 
|Jan precipitation days=8.0
|Feb precipitation days=7.4
|Mar precipitation days=7.0
|Apr precipitation days=5.8
|May precipitation days=4.0
|Jun precipitation days=1.3
|Jul precipitation days=1.1
|Aug precipitation days=2.2
|Sep precipitation days=3.8
|Oct precipitation days=6.5
|Nov precipitation days=7.4
|Dec precipitation days=8.5

|Jan sun=130.2
|Feb sun=138.3
|Mar sun=170.5
|Apr sun=195.0
|May sun=251.1
|Jun sun=279.0
|Jul sun=313.1
|Aug sun=291.4
|Sep sun=231.0
|Oct sun=189.1
|Nov sun=144.0
|Dec sun=117.8

|source 1= [[Servizio Meteorologico]] (1971–2000 data)<ref name=seme1>{{cite web |url=http://clima.meteoam.it/AtlanteClim2/pdf/%28350%29Crotone.pdf |title=Crotone (KR) 161 m. s.l.m. (a.s.l.) |publisher=Servizio Meteorologico |accessdate=7 September 2013}}</ref>
|source 2= Servizio Meteorologico (1961–1990 data on humidity and sunshine)<ref name=seme2>{{cite web |url=http://clima.meteoam.it/viewClino.php?type=File&station=350&name_station=Crotone |title=Stazione 350 Crotone medie mensili periodo 61 - 90 |publisher=Servizio Meteorologico |accessdate=7 September 2013}}</ref>
}}

===Main sights===
*The Cathedral, originally from the 9th to 11th centuries, but largely rebuilt. It has a neo-classical façade, while the interior has a nave with two aisles, with Baroque decorations. Noteworthy are a baptismal font (12th century) and the ''Madonna di Capo Colonna'', the icon of the Black Madonna which, according to the tradition, was brought from East in the first years of the Christian era.
*The 16th-century Castle of Charles V. It houses the Town Museum, with findings excavated in the ancient site of ''Kroton''. Notable are also the remnants of the walls, of the same century, and of various watchtowers.
*The ancient castle built on an island, with accessibility on foot limited to a narrow strip of land, is referred to as ''Le Castella''.

==Transportation==

[[Crotone Airport]] (Sant'Anna Airport) is served by Italiatour.it and other charter airlines. Crotone also has a railway station, although much of the tourism traffic is served by the Salerno-Reggio Calabria highway and the National Road (called 106 Ionica) leading all the Jonic (eastern) coast from [[Taranto]] to [[Reggio Calabria]].
In recent time Crotone Port has been used by visitors on [[yacht charter]] cruising vacations.

== Culture ==
===Museums===
[[File:Museo Archeologico Nazionale di Crotone.jpg|right|thumb|The National Archaeological Museum.]]
Crotone hosts a national archaeological museum, a municipal museum, a municipal art gallery, and a provincial museum of contemporary art, as well as the Antiquarium di Torre Nao.

===Sport===
[[F.C. Crotone]] is a [[football (soccer)|football]] club in [[Serie B]]. The team was promoted to top flight Serie A, for the 2016–17 season for the first time in its history. However, they are now competing in Serie B for their 2018-2019 season.

[[Achei Crotone]] is an [[american football]] club in Italy's 3rd division. It was established in 1989 and is considered one of the most storied teams in Italy.

=== Notable people ===
*[[Milo of Croton]] (6th century BC – Olympic athlete)
*[[Phayllos of Croton]] (Olympic athlete/war hero in battle of Salamina)
*[[Astylos of Croton]] (5th century BC – Olympic athlete)
*[[Diognetus of Croton]] (6th century BC – Olympic athlete)
*[[Eratosthenes of Croton]] (6th century BC – Olympic athlete)
*[[Glycon of Croton]] (6th century BC – Olympic athlete)
*[[Hippostratus of Croton]] (6th century BC – Olympic athlete)
*[[Isomachus of Croton]] (6th century BC – Olympic athlete)
*[[Lycinus of Croton]] (6th century BC – Olympic athlete)
*[[Tisicrates of Croton]] (5th century BC – Olympic athlete)
*[[Democedes|Democedes of Croton]] (6th century BC – physician)
*[[Calliphon of Croton]] (6th century BC – physician)
*[[Philippus of Croton]] (6th century BC – Olympic athlete/war hero)
*[[Aristomachus of Croton]] (ancient party leader of Croton during the Hannibalian war)
*[[Alcmaeon of Croton]] (5th century BC – philosopher and medical theorist)
*[[Arignote]] (6th century BC – [[Pythagoreanism|Pythagorean]] philosopher)
*[[Philolaus|Philolaus of Croton]] (5th century BC – pythagorean philosopher)
*[[Pythagoras]] (mathematician and philosopher – lived in Crotone {{circa|530 BC}})
*[[Nicholas of Crotone]] (13th century bishop)
*[[Vincenzo Scaramuzza]] (pianist and music teacher – born in Crotone)
*[[Rino Gaetano]] (singer – born in Crotone)
*[[Sergio Cammariere]] (singer – born in Crotone)
*[[Vincenzo Iaquinta]] (footballer – born in Crotone)
*[[Autoleon]] (ancient war hero)

===Literary reference===
Crotone appears in the [[Philippine Literature in Filipino|Philippine]] [[national epic]] ''[[Florante at Laura]]'' as the Kingdom of ''Krotona''. The poem narrates this as the homeland of the protagonist Florante's mother, Princess Floresca.

In Petronius' Satyricon, which survives in fragments, the narrator and his friends arrive at Croton, famous for its legacy hunters. The narrator's companion, the manic poet Eumolpus, poses as a childless, rich old man. Upon arrival to the city, Philomela, a citizen of Croton, seduces Eumolpus by means of her children. The extant portion of the Satyricon ends with Eumolpus explaining that the people of Croton must agree to eat his dead body if they wish to claim his inheritance.

==International relations==
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Italy}}

===Twin towns – sister cities===
Crotone is [[Twin towns and sister cities|twinned]] with:
*{{flagicon|GRE}} [[Giannitsa]], [[Macedonia (Greece)|Macedonia]], Greece since 2010<ref>[http://www.arealocale.com/default.asp?action=article&ID=4699 Grecia e Magna Grecia: incontro Giannitsa e Crotone] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131112194657/http://www.arealocale.com/default.asp?action=article&ID=4699 |date=November 12, 2013 }}{{it}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|POR}} [[Porto]], [[Norte Region, Portugal|Norte]], Portugal since 2010

==See also==
* [[Capo Colonne Lighthouse]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}
*{{EB1911|wstitle=Crotona|volume=7|pages=510–511}}
*{{Catholic|wstitle=Cotrone}}
* J. Banaszkiewicz, "Ein Ritter flieht oder wie Kaiser Otto II. sich vom Schlachtfeld bei Cotrone rettete," ''Frühmittelalterliche Studien'', 40 (2006), 145-166.

==External links==
{{commons category}}
*[http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/ Harry Thurston Peck, ''Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquity'' 1898:] "Croton"

{{Province of Crotone}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Crotone| ]]
[[Category:Populated places established in the 8th century BC]]
[[Category:Achaean colonies of Magna Graecia]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Calabria]]
[[Category:Castles in Italy]]

Crotone

2019-02-05T01:48:26Z

Willy3198: /* Sport */

{{About||the province|Province of Crotone|the genus of fungi|Crotone (fungus)}}
{{coord|39|05|N|17|07|E|region:IT_type:city(60157)|display=title}}
{{Infobox Italian comune
| name = Crotone
| official_name = Città di Crotone
| native_name =
| image_skyline = Crotone Lungomare.jpg
| imagesize =
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Panorama of Crotone
| image_shield = Crotone-Stemma.png
| shield_alt =
| image_map =
| map_alt =
| map_caption =
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_map_alt =
| coordinates = {{coord|39|05|N|17|07|E|region:IT_type:city(60157)|display=inline}}
| coordinates_footnotes =
| region = [[Calabria]]
| province = [[Province of Crotone|Crotone]] (KR)
| frazioni = Papanice, Apriglianello, Carpentieri, Cipolla, Farina, Gabella Grande, Iannello, Maiorano, Margherita
| mayor_party =
| mayor = Ugo Pugliese
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 = 179.8
| population_footnotes =
| population_total = 64603
| population_as_of = 31 August 2018
| pop_density_footnotes =
| population_demonym = Crotonesi
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m = 8
| twin1 =
| twin1_country =
| saint = [[Dionysius the Areopagite]]
| day = October 9
| postal_code = 88900
| area_code = 0962
| website = {{official website|http://www.comune.crotone.it}}
| footnotes =
}}
[[File:CastelloCrotone.jpg|thumb|250px|The Castle of Charles V.]]

'''Crotone''' ({{IPA-it|kroˈtoːne|lang}} {{audio|It-Crotone.ogg|listen}}; [[Central-Southern Calabrian|Crotonese]]: {{lang|scn|Cutrone}} or {{lang|scn|Cutruni}}) is a city and ''[[comune]]'' in [[Calabria]]. Founded {{circa|710 BC|lk=on}} as the [[Achaea (ancient region)|Achaean]] colony of '''Kroton''' ({{lang-grc|Κρότων}} or {{lang|grc|Ϙρότων}}, {{lang-la|Crotona}}), it was known as '''Cotrone''' from the [[Middle Ages]] until 1928, when its name was changed to the current one. In 1992, it became the capital of the newly established [[Province of Crotone]]. {{As of|August 2018}}, its population was about 65,000.

==History==
Croton's [[oikistes]] (founder) was [[Myscellus]] who came from the city of [[Rhypes]] in [[Achaea (ancient region)|Achaea]] in the northern Peloponnese. He established the city in c. 710 BC and it soon became one of the most flourishing cities of [[Magna Graecia]] with a population between 50,000 and 80,000 around 500 BC.<ref name="Jarde2013">{{cite book|author=Jarde, A.|title=The Formation of the Greek People|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5aEWAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA217 |year=2013 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-136-19586-0 |page=217}}</ref> Its inhabitants were famous for their physical strength and for the simple sobriety of their lives. From 588 BC onwards, Croton produced many generations of victors in the [[Ancient Olympic Games|Olympics]] and the other [[Panhellenic Games]], the most famous of whom was [[Milo of Croton]]. According to [[Herodotus]] (3.131), the physicians of Croton were considered the foremost among the Greeks, and among them [[Democedes]], son of [[Calliphon of Croton|Calliphon]], was the most prominent in the 6th century BC. Accordingly, he traveled around Greece and ended up working in the court of [[Polycrates]], tyrant of Samos. After the tyrant was murdered, Democedes was captured by the Persians and brought to King Darius, curing him of a dislocated ankle. Democedes' fame was, according to Herodotus, the basis for the prestige of Croton's physicians.<ref>Herodotus, ''The Histories'', p. 226, Penguin Classics</ref> [[Pythagoras]] founded his school, the [[Pythagoreanism|Pythagoreans]], at Croton c. 530 BC. Among his pupils were the early medical theorist [[Alcmaeon of Croton]] and the philosopher, mathematician, and astronomer [[Philolaus]]. The Pythagoreans acquired considerable influence with the supreme council of one thousand by which the city was ruled. [[Sybaris]] was the rival of Croton until 510 BC, when Croton sent an army of one hundred thousand men, commanded by the wrestler [[Milo of Crotone|Milo]], against Sybaris and destroyed it. Shortly afterwards, however, an insurrection took place, led by a prominent citizen, [[Cylon of Croton|Cylon]], by which the Pythagoreans were driven out and a democracy established.

[[File:SNGANS 259ff.jpg|left|thumb|Coin of Croton, c. 480-460 BC.]]

In 480 BC, Croton sent a ship in support of the Greeks at the [[Battle of Salamis]] (Herodotus 8.47), but the victory of [[Locri]] and [[Reggio Calabria|Rhegium]] over Croton in the same year marked the beginning of its decline. It was replaced by [[Heraclea (Lucania)|Heraclea]] as headquarters of the [[Italiotes|Italiote League]]. [[Dionysius I of Syracuse|Dionysius]], the tyrant of [[Syracuse, Italy|Syracuse]], aiming at hegemony in Magna Graecia, captured Croton in 379 BC and held it for twelve years. Croton was then occupied by the [[Bruttii]], with the exception of the citadel, in which the chief inhabitants had taken refuge; these soon after surrendered, and were allowed to withdraw to Locri.

In 295 BC, Croton fell to another Syracusan tyrant, [[Agathocles]]. When [[Pyrrhus of Epirus|Pyrrhus]] invaded Italy (280-278, 275 BC), it was still a considerable city, with twelve miles ({{convert|12|mi|abbr=out|disp=output only}}) of walls, but after the [[Pyrrhic War]], half the town was deserted (Livy 24.3). What was left of its population submitted to [[Roman Republic|Rome]] in 277 BC. After the [[Battle of Cannae]] in the [[Second Punic War]] (216 BC), Croton was betrayed to the Brutii by a democratic leader named [[Aristomachus of Croton|Aristomachus]], who defected to the Roman side. [[Hannibal]] made it his winter quarters for three years and the city was not recaptured until 205 or 204 BC. In 194 BC, it became the site of a Roman colony. Little more is heard of it during the Republican and [[Roman Empire|Imperial]] periods, though the action of one of the more significant surviving fragments of the ''[[Satyricon]]'' of [[Petronius]] is set in Croton.

Around 550, the city was unsuccessfully besieged by [[Totila]], king of the [[Ostrogoths]]. At a later date it became a part of the [[Byzantine Empire]]. Around 841, the [[Republic of Venice]] sent a fleet of 60 galleys (each carrying 200 men) to assist the Byzantines in driving the Arabs from Crotone, but it failed.<ref name="Norwich32">J. Norwich, ''A History of Venice'', 32</ref> About 870, it was sacked by the [[Saracen]]s, who put to death the bishop and many people who had taken refuge in the cathedral but were not able to occupy the city. Over a hundred years later, [[Otto II, Holy Roman Emperor]], mounted a campaign in southern Italy to reduce the power of the Byzantines. Later on Crotone was conquered by the [[Normans]]. In 1806, it was occupied and sacked by the English, and later on by the French. Thereafter it shared the fate of the [[Kingdom of Naples]]—including the period of Spanish rule of which the 16th-century castle of [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles V]], overlooking modern Crotone, serves as a reminder—and its successor, the [[Two Sicilies|Kingdom of the Two Sicilies]], which was conquered by the [[Kingdom of Sardinia]] in 1860 and incorporated into the new Kingdom of Italy in 1861.

Crotone's location between the ports of [[Taranto]] and [[Messina]], as well as its proximity to a source of hydroelectric power, favored industrial development during the period between the two World Wars. In the 1930s its population doubled. However, after the two main employers, [[Pertusola Sud]] and [[Montedison]], collapsed by the late 1980s, Crotone was in economic crisis, with many residents losing their jobs and leaving to find work elsewhere. In 1996, the river [[Esaro (Crotone)|Esaro]] flooded the city, which dealt a further blow to the city's morale. Since that low point, the city has undergone urban renewal and risen in quality-of-life rankings.

== Geography ==
=== Climate ===
Crotone enjoys a [[Mediterranean climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]]: ''Csa'').
{{Weather box
|metric first=yes
|single line=yes
|location=[[Crotone Airport]]


|Jan record high C=21.0
|Feb record high C=22.0
|Mar record high C=25.2
|Apr record high C=26.2
|May record high C=33.0
|Jun record high C=43.0
|Jul record high C=42.2
|Aug record high C=42.0
|Sep record high C=38.6
|Oct record high C=31.8
|Nov record high C=25.4
|Dec record high C=22.4

|Jan high C=12.9
|Feb high C=13.0
|Mar high C=14.9
|Apr high C=17.4
|May high C=22.6
|Jun high C=27.5
|Jul high C=30.6
|Aug high C=30.4
|Sep high C=26.6
|Oct high C=21.6
|Nov high C=16.9
|Dec high C=13.8

|Jan mean C=9.2
|Feb mean C=9.2
|Mar mean C=10.8
|Apr mean C=12.9
|May mean C=17.4
|Jun mean C=21.8
|Jul mean C=25.0
|Aug mean C=25.1
|Sep mean C=21.9
|Oct mean C=17.7
|Nov mean C=13.3
|Dec mean C=10.3

|Jan low C=5.6
|Feb low C=5.5
|Mar low C=6.7
|Apr low C=8.4
|May low C=12.2
|Jun low C=16.1
|Jul low C=19.4
|Aug low C=19.9
|Sep low C=17.2
|Oct low C=13.8
|Nov low C=9.6
|Dec low C=6.7


|Jan record low C=−6.2
|Feb record low C=−2.8
|Mar record low C=−1.6
|Apr record low C=0.8
|May record low C=3.6
|Jun record low C=8.2
|Jul record low C=10.0
|Aug record low C=11.6
|Sep record low C=9.0
|Oct record low C=4.0
|Nov record low C=1.0
|Dec record low C=−1.4

|precipitation colour=green 

|Jan precipitation mm=96.2
|Feb precipitation mm=87.1
|Mar precipitation mm=94.1
|Apr precipitation mm=52.7
|May precipitation mm=24.7
|Jun precipitation mm=5.2
|Jul precipitation mm=11.9
|Aug precipitation mm=24.0
|Sep precipitation mm=53.9
|Oct precipitation mm=115.8
|Nov precipitation mm=116.2
|Dec precipitation mm=109.8


|humidity colour= 
|Jan humidity=75
|Feb humidity=73
|Mar humidity=72
|Apr humidity=72
|May humidity=68
|Jun humidity=62
|Jul humidity=57
|Aug humidity=62
|Sep humidity=64
|Oct humidity=74
|Nov humidity=78
|Dec humidity=75

|unit precipitation days=1 mm 
|precip days colour= 
|Jan precipitation days=8.0
|Feb precipitation days=7.4
|Mar precipitation days=7.0
|Apr precipitation days=5.8
|May precipitation days=4.0
|Jun precipitation days=1.3
|Jul precipitation days=1.1
|Aug precipitation days=2.2
|Sep precipitation days=3.8
|Oct precipitation days=6.5
|Nov precipitation days=7.4
|Dec precipitation days=8.5

|Jan sun=130.2
|Feb sun=138.3
|Mar sun=170.5
|Apr sun=195.0
|May sun=251.1
|Jun sun=279.0
|Jul sun=313.1
|Aug sun=291.4
|Sep sun=231.0
|Oct sun=189.1
|Nov sun=144.0
|Dec sun=117.8

|source 1= [[Servizio Meteorologico]] (1971–2000 data)<ref name=seme1>{{cite web |url=http://clima.meteoam.it/AtlanteClim2/pdf/%28350%29Crotone.pdf |title=Crotone (KR) 161 m. s.l.m. (a.s.l.) |publisher=Servizio Meteorologico |accessdate=7 September 2013}}</ref>
|source 2= Servizio Meteorologico (1961–1990 data on humidity and sunshine)<ref name=seme2>{{cite web |url=http://clima.meteoam.it/viewClino.php?type=File&station=350&name_station=Crotone |title=Stazione 350 Crotone medie mensili periodo 61 - 90 |publisher=Servizio Meteorologico |accessdate=7 September 2013}}</ref>
}}

===Main sights===
*The Cathedral, originally from the 9th to 11th centuries, but largely rebuilt. It has a neo-classical façade, while the interior has a nave with two aisles, with Baroque decorations. Noteworthy are a baptismal font (12th century) and the ''Madonna di Capo Colonna'', the icon of the Black Madonna which, according to the tradition, was brought from East in the first years of the Christian era.
*The 16th-century Castle of Charles V. It houses the Town Museum, with findings excavated in the ancient site of ''Kroton''. Notable are also the remnants of the walls, of the same century, and of various watchtowers.
*The ancient castle built on an island, with accessibility on foot limited to a narrow strip of land, is referred to as ''Le Castella''.

==Transportation==

[[Crotone Airport]] (Sant'Anna Airport) is served by Italiatour.it and other charter airlines. Crotone also has a railway station, although much of the tourism traffic is served by the Salerno-Reggio Calabria highway and the National Road (called 106 Ionica) leading all the Jonic (eastern) coast from [[Taranto]] to [[Reggio Calabria]].
In recent time Crotone Port has been used by visitors on [[yacht charter]] cruising vacations.

== Culture ==
===Museums===
[[File:Museo Archeologico Nazionale di Crotone.jpg|right|thumb|The National Archaeological Museum.]]
Crotone hosts a national archaeological museum, a municipal museum, a municipal art gallery, and a provincial museum of contemporary art, as well as the Antiquarium di Torre Nao.

===Sport===
[[F.C. Crotone]] is a [[football (soccer)|football]] club in [[Serie A]]. The team was promoted to top flight Serie A, for the 2016–17 season for the first time in its history. However, they are now competing in Serie B for their 2018-2019 season.

[[Achei Crotone]] is an [[american football]] club in Italy's 3rd division. It was established in 1989 and is considered one of the most storied teams in Italy.

=== Notable people ===
*[[Milo of Croton]] (6th century BC – Olympic athlete)
*[[Phayllos of Croton]] (Olympic athlete/war hero in battle of Salamina)
*[[Astylos of Croton]] (5th century BC – Olympic athlete)
*[[Diognetus of Croton]] (6th century BC – Olympic athlete)
*[[Eratosthenes of Croton]] (6th century BC – Olympic athlete)
*[[Glycon of Croton]] (6th century BC – Olympic athlete)
*[[Hippostratus of Croton]] (6th century BC – Olympic athlete)
*[[Isomachus of Croton]] (6th century BC – Olympic athlete)
*[[Lycinus of Croton]] (6th century BC – Olympic athlete)
*[[Tisicrates of Croton]] (5th century BC – Olympic athlete)
*[[Democedes|Democedes of Croton]] (6th century BC – physician)
*[[Calliphon of Croton]] (6th century BC – physician)
*[[Philippus of Croton]] (6th century BC – Olympic athlete/war hero)
*[[Aristomachus of Croton]] (ancient party leader of Croton during the Hannibalian war)
*[[Alcmaeon of Croton]] (5th century BC – philosopher and medical theorist)
*[[Arignote]] (6th century BC – [[Pythagoreanism|Pythagorean]] philosopher)
*[[Philolaus|Philolaus of Croton]] (5th century BC – pythagorean philosopher)
*[[Pythagoras]] (mathematician and philosopher – lived in Crotone {{circa|530 BC}})
*[[Nicholas of Crotone]] (13th century bishop)
*[[Vincenzo Scaramuzza]] (pianist and music teacher – born in Crotone)
*[[Rino Gaetano]] (singer – born in Crotone)
*[[Sergio Cammariere]] (singer – born in Crotone)
*[[Vincenzo Iaquinta]] (footballer – born in Crotone)
*[[Autoleon]] (ancient war hero)

===Literary reference===
Crotone appears in the [[Philippine Literature in Filipino|Philippine]] [[national epic]] ''[[Florante at Laura]]'' as the Kingdom of ''Krotona''. The poem narrates this as the homeland of the protagonist Florante's mother, Princess Floresca.

In Petronius' Satyricon, which survives in fragments, the narrator and his friends arrive at Croton, famous for its legacy hunters. The narrator's companion, the manic poet Eumolpus, poses as a childless, rich old man. Upon arrival to the city, Philomela, a citizen of Croton, seduces Eumolpus by means of her children. The extant portion of the Satyricon ends with Eumolpus explaining that the people of Croton must agree to eat his dead body if they wish to claim his inheritance.

==International relations==
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Italy}}

===Twin towns – sister cities===
Crotone is [[Twin towns and sister cities|twinned]] with:
*{{flagicon|GRE}} [[Giannitsa]], [[Macedonia (Greece)|Macedonia]], Greece since 2010<ref>[http://www.arealocale.com/default.asp?action=article&ID=4699 Grecia e Magna Grecia: incontro Giannitsa e Crotone] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131112194657/http://www.arealocale.com/default.asp?action=article&ID=4699 |date=November 12, 2013 }}{{it}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|POR}} [[Porto]], [[Norte Region, Portugal|Norte]], Portugal since 2010

==See also==
* [[Capo Colonne Lighthouse]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}
*{{EB1911|wstitle=Crotona|volume=7|pages=510–511}}
*{{Catholic|wstitle=Cotrone}}
* J. Banaszkiewicz, "Ein Ritter flieht oder wie Kaiser Otto II. sich vom Schlachtfeld bei Cotrone rettete," ''Frühmittelalterliche Studien'', 40 (2006), 145-166.

==External links==
{{commons category}}
*[http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/ Harry Thurston Peck, ''Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquity'' 1898:] "Croton"

{{Province of Crotone}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Crotone| ]]
[[Category:Populated places established in the 8th century BC]]
[[Category:Achaean colonies of Magna Graecia]]
[[Category:Cities and towns in Calabria]]
[[Category:Castles in Italy]]

National Football League team captains

2019-01-20T18:53:01Z

Willy3198: /* List */

{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2013}}
[[File:NflOaklandCaptainPatch.jpg|thumb|right|80px|[[Oakland Raiders]] 2nd-year captain patch]]
[[File:NflColtsCaptainPatch.jpg|thumb|right|80px|[[Indianapolis Colts]] 3rd-year captain patch]]
[[File:NflBearsCaptainsPatch.JPG|thumb|right|80px|[[Chicago Bears]] 5+-year captain patch]]
In the [[National Football League]], the [[Captain (sports)|team captain]] designation is a team-appointed position that designates certain players as leaders on and off the field. The captains program was implemented by the NFL Player Advisory Council established by NFL commissioner [[Roger Goodell]] in conjunction with the [[NFL Players Association]]. Starting in {{NFL Year|2007}}, the league began permitting teams to name up to six players as captains.<ref>* {{cite web|url=http://www.nfl.com/news/story/0ap1000000058893/article/nfl-captains-c-patch-comes-with-varied-roles-responsibilities?module=HP11_content_stream|title=NFL captains: 'C' patch comes with varied roles, responsibilities|publisher=National Football League|last=Darlington|first=Jeff|date=September 6, 2012|accessdate=2012-09-06}}</ref>

Players who have been named a team captain typically have a "C" patch on their jerseys. There is a standard design used by all teams participating in the captaincy program. The patches are in team colors and are worn on the front left or right breast (depending on other patches, etc. worn by the specific team). The number of stars filled in on the patch represents the number of consecutive years that player has been named captain by a team. If they've been named captain for longer than four years, the "C" on the patch is gold. Some teams (e.g. Pittsburgh and New England) do not have this patch on their jerseys but still designate captains. In the case of the Green Bay Packers, they would use weekly captains during the regular season, but would switch to assigning captains whenever they qualify for the playoffs.

The New York Jets suspended designated team captains after an incident involving [[Santonio Holmes]] in a 2011 game. In the fourth quarter of the final game of the 2011 season against the Miami Dolphins, Holmes appeared to get into an argument with Jets offensive tackle [[Wayne Hunter]] while the team was huddling. As a result of the argument, Holmes was benched for the remainder of the game, and the Jets ended up losing the game, which resulted in the Jets missing the postseason for the first time in three years. His leadership qualities and credibility as a captain have since been questioned. In 2015, under new head coach [[Todd Bowles]], the Jets resumed appointing captains weekly.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://espn.go.com/new-york/nfl/story/_/id/7411183/source-captain-santonio-holmes-quit-new-york-jets-loss|title=Source: Captain Holmes 'quit' on Jets in loss|author=|date=|website=go.com|accessdate=September 9, 2018}}</ref>
In 2018, Coach Todd Bowles has resumed permanent captains. These captains were introduced in Week 2 of the 2018 NFL season.

During special recognitions, the patch may be a different color; e.g., pink for breast cancer awareness;<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nfl.com/news/story/09000d5d822a6217/article/nfl-supports-breast-cancer-awareness-month |title=NFL supports Breast Cancer Awareness Month |publisher=[[National Football League]] |date=September 28, 2011 |accessdate=2012-12-27}}</ref> or camouflage for military service recognition.

Because of the nature of the game, most teams include their starting quarterbacks as an offensive captain. The starting quarterback has no other responsibility or authority on field. However, he may, depending on the league or individual team, have various informal duties, such as participation in pre-game ceremonies, the coin toss, the trophy presentation, or other events outside the game. Often compared to [[Captain (sports)|captains]] of other team sports, the starting quarterback is usually the ''de facto'' team leader and a well-respected player on and off the field, even before the NFL implemented the team captain's patch in 2007.

==Rules==
'''NFL rule 18''' details the guidelines for team captains. Within Rule 18, there are four articles that pertain to:

# Number of Team Captains
# Coin Toss Procedures
# Choice on Penalty Option
# Change of [Team] Captains

'''Coin Toss Procedures''' – Each team can send as many as six team captains to the center of the field. On each team, one captain is designated the "speaking captain" of the delegation. The visiting team or the team designated "visitor" by the referee (if no team is declared 'visitor') shall choose "heads or tails" or in the case of a special ceremony coin, the options on the face and rear of that coin.

The winner of the coin toss have three options, 1. Defer the choice to the second half, 2. Receive/kick the ball, 3. Choose an end zone to defend. There is strategy in employing your election. It could depend on such conditions as weather, or making an aggressive statement at the beginning of the game, or something simple as coming out of the locker room in the second half receiving the ball.

After the winning captain makes their choice, the opposing team captain chooses from the remaining two options.

'''Choice on Penalty Option(s)''' – The offended team captain has a choice of accepting a penalty enforcement or declining, except where said penalty is automatically "enforced by rule." In some circumstances, a team captain may elect to "decline" the penalty. This typically happens in a situation in which declining the penalty may mean that the next down should occur (3rd or 4th). A good example would be on an "offensive holding" enforcement, the defensive team might elect a "4th down and 5 yards to gain" v. a "3rd down and 15 yards to gain."

==List==
Players listed in '''bold''' currently wear the 5+ star all gold captain patches.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! style="width: 16%;" | Team
! style="width: 28%;" | Offensive captain(s)
! style="width: 28%;" | Defensive captain(s)
! style="width: 28%;" | Special teams captain(s)
|-
| [[Arizona Cardinals]]<ref>Scott Allen, [https://raisingzona.com/2017/09/04/arizona-cardinals-team-captains-announced/ "Arizona Cardinals: Team captains announced"], raisingzona.com, September 5, 2017</ref>
| '''[[Larry Fitzgerald]]'''
| [[Patrick Peterson]], [[Chandler Jones|Chandler Jones,]] [[Antoine Bethea]], [[Corey Peters]]
| [[Phil Dawson]]
|-
| [[Atlanta Falcons]]<ref>[http://www.atlantafalcons.com/news/blog/article-1/Ryan-Worrilow-and-Weems-Named-Team-Captains/bb359078-21b9-4b81-ad4c-86937502d473]</ref>
| colspan=3 align=center| Appointed weekly
|-
| [[Baltimore Ravens]]<ref>Camille Powell, [https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/10/02/AR2007100202457.html "NFL's Newest Promotion"], TheWashingtonPost.com, October 3, 2007</ref>
| colspan=3 align=center| [[Marshal Yanda]], [[Terrell Suggs]]

|-
|-
| [[Buffalo Bills]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://billswire.usatoday.com/2018/09/04/buffalo-bills-captains-sean-mcdermott/|title=Quick Hits: Taylor cleared, will start Sunday; Team captains announced|last=|first=|date=|work=|access-date=2017-09-06|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=}}</ref>
|[[LeSean McCoy]], [[Patrick DiMarco]]
|[[Kyle Williams (defensive tackle)|'''Kyle Williams''']], [[Lorenzo Alexander]]
|[[Steven Hauschka]], [[Taiwan Jones]]
|-
| [[Carolina Panthers]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://m.panthers.com/news/article-2/Panthers-2017-team-captains-named/a98528d7-d6d4-4991-8d54-726e823f105e|title=The Official Site of the Carolina Panthers|author=|date=|website=m.panthers.com|accessdate=September 9, 2018}}</ref>
| '''[[Cam Newton]]''', '''[[Ryan Kalil]]''', [[Greg Olsen (American football)|'''Greg Olsen''']]
| '''[[Luke Kuechly]]''', '''[[Julius Peppers]]'''
|[[Colin Jones (American football)|Colin Jones]]
|-
| [[Chicago Bears]]<ref>{{cite news|last=Finley|first=Patrick|url=https://chicago.suntimes.com/sports/mitch-trubisky-bears-packers-akiem-hicks-benny-cunningham-captains-rotate/|title=Bears name three captains for Packers, but will rotate them each week|newspaper=[[Chicago Sun-Times]]|date=September 7, 2018|accessdate=September 18, 2018}}</ref>
| colspan=3 align=center| Appointed weekly
|-
| [[Cincinnati Bengals]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cincyjungle.com/2017/9/7/16265000/bengals-not-expected-to-name-captains-heading-into-week-1|title=Bengals not expected to name captains heading into Week 1|author=|date=|website=cincyjungle.com|accessdate=September 9, 2018}}</ref>
| '''[[Andy Dalton]]''', [[A. J. Green]]
|[[Michael Johnson (defensive end)|Michael Johnson]], [[Shawn Williams (American football)|Shawn Williams]], [[Vincent Rey]]
|[[Clayton Fejedelem]]
|-
| [[Cleveland Browns]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://m.clevelandbrowns.com/news/article-5/Browns-name-5-captains-for-2017/3657e89f-da4f-4876-9dc7-5b39fe8cadab|title=Clevelandbrowns.com - Official Site of the Cleveland Browns|author=|date=|website=m.clevelandbrowns.com|accessdate=September 9, 2018}}</ref>
|[[Tyrod Taylor]], [[Joel Bitonio]]
|[[Myles Garrett]], [[Christian Kirksey]]
| [[Britton Colquitt]]
|-
| [[Dallas Cowboys]]<ref>Doster, Aaron. “[http://www.foxsports.com/southwest/gallery/dallas-cowboys-select-2017-team-captains-090617 Dallas Cowboys Select 2017 Team Captains].” ''FOX Sports'', 6 September 2017</ref>
| [[Dak Prescott]], [[Zack Martin]]
| '''[[Sean Lee]]''', [[Tyrone Crawford]]
|[[Chris Jones (punter)|Chris Jones]]
|-
| [[Denver Broncos]]<ref>Aric DiLalla, [http://www.denverbroncos.com/news-and-blogs/article-1/Von-Miller-named-one-of-five-Broncos-captains-for-2017/f0df0070-8d41-46cc-8de0-383c40fabdc8 "Broncos name team captains"], denverbroncos.com, September 7, 2017</ref>
|[[Case Keenum]], [[Matt Paradis]]
| [[Von Miller]], [[Todd Davis (American football)|Todd Davis]]
| [[Brandon McManus]], [[Andy Janovich]]
|-
| [[Detroit Lions]]<ref>Justin Rogers, [http://www.mlive.com/lions/index.ssf/2013/09/ndamukong_suh_one_of_six_detro.html "Ndamukong Suh one of six Detroit Lions players named captain"], mlive.com, September 6, 2013</ref>
|[[ Marvin Jones Jr.]], [[T.J. Lang]], '''[[Matthew Stafford]]'''
| [[Jarrad Davis]], [[Devon Kennard]], [[Glover Quin]]
| [[Don Muhlbach]]
|-
| [[Green Bay Packers]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://m.packers.com/news/article/packers-name-captains-for-season-opener-1a43ce31-1db2-4c65-ae8d-60a4c33088ad|title=Packers.com, the official website of the Green Bay Packers|author=|date=|website=m.packers.com|accessdate=September 9, 2018}}</ref>
| colspan=3 align=center| [[Davante Adams]] , [[Tramon Williams]] , [[Kyler Fackrell]]
|-
| [[Houston Texans]]<ref>Dale Robertson, [http://blog.chron.com/ultimatetexans/2014/09/texans-wont-have-permanent-captains-to-start-season/#26422101=0 "Texans won’t have permanent captains to start season"], Ultimate Texans blog, September 5, 2014</ref>
|[[Deshaun Watson]], [[DeAndre Hopkins]]
|[[Johnathan Joseph]], [[JJ Watt]], [[Tyrann Mathieu]]
|[[Brian Peters]]
|-
| [[Indianapolis Colts]]<ref>[http://www.colts.com/news/article-1/COLTS-VOTE-CAPTAINS/5d3707bb-b65b-41f1-8ef4-a0a21c53a22e "Colts Vote Captains"], ''Colts.Com'', December 5, 2012</ref>
|'''[[Andrew Luck]]''', [[Jack Doyle (American football)|Jack Doyle]]
|[[Clayton Geathers]], [[Al Woods (American football)|Al Woods]]
|'''[[Adam Vinatieri]]'''
|-
|-
| [[Jacksonville Jaguars]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.news4jax.com/sports/nfl/jaguars/jaguars-name-captains-for-2017-season|title=Jaguars name captains for 2017 season|first=Brian|last=Jackson|date=|website=www.news4jax.com|accessdate=September 9, 2018}}</ref>
|[[Brandon Linder]], [[Blake Bortles]], [[Leonard Fournette]]
| [[Telvin Smith]], [[Calais Campbell]]
|[[Lerentee McCray]]
|-
| [[Kansas City Chiefs]]<ref>[http://www.kansascity.com/2013/09/06/4462354/chiefs-alex-smith-dwayne-bowe.html "Chiefs’ Alex Smith, Dwayne Bowe among team captains for opener"], KansasCity.com, September 6, 2013</ref>
| [[Travis Kelce]],
[[Patrick Mahomes]],
| [[Justin Houston]], [[Eric Berry]],
| [[Dustin Colquitt]], [[Tyreek Hill]]
|-
| [[Los Angeles Chargers]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.chargers.com/news/your-five-2018-chargers-captains-are|title=Your Five 2018 Chargers Captains Are|author=|date=|website=www.chargers.com|accessdate=September 21, 2018}}</ref>
| '''[[Philip Rivers]]''', [[Russell Okung]], [[Antonio Gates]]
| [[Brandon Mebane]], [[Melvin Ingram]]
| None
|-
| [[Los Angeles Rams]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.therams.com/news/rams-name-2018-season-captains|title=Rams Name 2018 Season Captains|website=www.therams.com|language=en-US|access-date=2018-09-06}}</ref>
|[[Jared Goff]], [[Todd Gurley]], [[Andrew Whitworth|'''Andrew Whitworth''']]
|[[Michael Brockers]], [[Aqib Talib]]
| [[Johnny Hekker|'''Johnny Hekker''']]
|-
| [[Miami Dolphins]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sun-sentinel.com/sports/miami-dolphins/fl-sp-dolphins-team-captains-20170914-story.html|title=Ndamukong Suh and Kenny Stills named Dolphins' team captains|first=Omar|last=Kelly|date=|website=sun-sentinel.com|accessdate=September 9, 2018}}</ref>
| [[Kenny Stills]], [[Ryan Tannehill]], [[Daniel Kilgore (American football)|Daniel Kilgore]]
|[[Bobby McCain]], [[Cameron Wake]]
|[[Walt Aikens]]
|-
| [[Minnesota Vikings]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vikings.com/news/vikings-announce-6-captains-for-2018?sf196891359=1|title=Vikings Announce 6 Captains for 2018|author=|date=|website=www.vikings.com|accessdate=September 9, 2018}}</ref>
| [[Kyle Rudolph]], [[Riley Reiff]], [[Kirk Cousins]]
| [[Everson Griffen]], [[Linval Joseph]], [[Anthony Barr (American football)|Anthony Barr]]
| None
|-
| [[New England Patriots]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Your 2017 #Patriots captains: Andrews, Brady, Gronkowski, Harmon, Hightower, McCourty, Slater.|url=https://twitter.com/Patriots/status/905180523013836801|website=New England Patriots Twitter|accessdate=6 September 2017}}</ref>
| '''[[Tom Brady]]''', [[James White (running back)|James White]], [[David Andrews (American football)|David Andrews]]
| '''[[Devin McCourty]]''', [[Patrick Chung]]
| '''[[Matthew Slater]]'''
|-
| [[New Orleans Saints]]<ref>[http://saintsreport.com/forums/f2/2017-team-captains-371925/]</ref>
| '''[[Drew Brees]]''', [[Max Unger]], [[Terron Armstead]]
| [[Cameron Jordan]], [[Demario Davis]]
| [[Craig Robertson (American football)|Craig Robertson]]
|-
| [[New York Giants]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nyg.247sports.com/Bolt/New-York-Giants-name-all-2017-captains-107095179|title=New York Giants name all 2017 captains|author=|date=|website=247sports.com|accessdate=September 9, 2018}}</ref>
| '''[[Eli Manning]],''' [[Nate Solder]]
|[[Landon Collins]], [[Alec Ogletree]]
| '''[[Zak DeOssie]],''' [[Michael Thomas (defensive back)|Michael Thomas]]
|-
| [[New York Jets]]<ref>[http://www.metro.us/new-york/todd-bowles-has-new-plan-for-jets-team-captains-well-not-really/zsJohB---bwSlMuqYkcwnw/ Metro: Todd Bowles has new plan for Jets' team captains... well, not really.] Retrieved on 9 September 2015.</ref>
|[[Quincy Enunwa]], [[James Carpenter (American football)|James Carpenter]]
|[[Jamal Adams]], [[Steve McLendon]], [[Leonard Williams (American football)|Leonard Williams]]
|-
| [[Oakland Raiders]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://m.raiders.com/news/article-1/Oakland-Raiders-Vote-Name-Four-Captains-For-2017-Season/3c6f652b-a5d7-4674-ae57-2d8cfed53343|title=The Official Site of the Oakland Raiders|author=|date=|website=m.raiders.com|accessdate=September 9, 2018}}</ref>
| [[Rodney Hudson]], [[Derek Carr (American football)|Derek Carr]]
|[[Bruce Irvin (American football)|Bruce Irvin]], [[Derrick Johnson]]
|[[Reggie Nelson]], [[Kyle Wilber]]
|-
| [[Philadelphia Eagles]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bleedinggreennation.com/2018/9/4/17819868/eagles-team-captains-2018-nfl-season-carson-wentz-philadelphia-malcolm-jenkins-fletcher-cox-kelce|title=Eagles announce five team captains for 2018 NFL season|author=|date=|website=bleedinggreennation.com|accessdate=September 9, 2018}}</ref>
| align="left" | [[Carson Wentz]], [[Jason Kelce]]
|[[Malcolm Jenkins]], [[Fletcher Cox]]
|[[Kamu Grugier-Hill]]
|-
| [[Pittsburgh Steelers]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pit.247sports.com/Bolt/Pittsburgh-Steelers-announce-2017-team-captains-106947305|title=Pittsburgh Steelers announce 2017 team captains|author=|date=|website=247sports.com|accessdate=September 9, 2018}}</ref>
| '''[[Ben Roethlisberger]],''' [[Maurkice Pouncey]]
| [[Cameron Heyward]]
|[[Chris Boswell]]
|-
| [[San Francisco 49ers]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ninerswire.usatoday.com/2017/09/10/49ers-announce-captains-for-season-opener/|title=49ers announce captains for season opener|author=|date=September 10, 2017|website=usatoday.com|accessdate=September 9, 2018}}</ref>
| colspan=3 align=center| [[Richard Sherman (American football)|Richard Sherman]], [[George Kittle]], [[Robbie Gould]], [[Joe Staley]], [[Deforest Buckner]]
|-
| [[Seattle Seahawks]]<ref>http://www.seahawks.com/news/2017/09/06/seahawks-name-team-captains-2017</ref>
| '''[[Russell Wilson]]'''
| [[Bobby Wagner]]
|[[Sebastian Janikowski]], [[Neiko Thorpe]]
|-
| [[Tampa Bay Buccaneers]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.buccaneers.com/news/bucs-name-2018-captains-ali-marpet-and-adarius-taylor-first-time-selections|title=Official Site of the Tampa Bay Buccaneers|author=|date=|website=m.buccaneers.com|accessdate=October 19, 2018}}</ref>
| [[Mike Evans (wide receiver)|Mike Evans]], [[Ali Marpet]]
| [[Lavonte David]], [[Kwon Alexander]]
| [[Adarius Taylor]]
|-
| [[Tennessee Titans]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://m.titansonline.com/news/article-4/Titans-Name-Six-Captains-for-2017-Including-Tim-Shaw/57b9eb26-c2cb-46d6-942e-e45178e731c2|title=The Official Site of the Tennessee Titans|author=|date=|website=m.titansonline.com|accessdate=September 9, 2018}}</ref>
| '''[[Delanie Walker]]''', [[Marcus Mariota]]
| '''[[Jurrell Casey]]''', '''[[Wesley Woodyard]]'''
|[[Daren Bates]]
|-
| [[Washington Redskins]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.redskins.com/news/redskins-announce-three-captains-for-the-2018-season|title=Redskins Announce Three Captains For The 2018 Season|first=Jake|last=Kring-Schreifels|date=September 9, 2018|website=Redskins.com|accessdate=September 23, 2018}}</ref>
| '''[[Alex Smith]]'''
| [[Mason Foster]]
| [[Deshazor Everett]]
|-
<ref>{{cite web|url=http://operations.nfl.com/the-rules/2015-nfl-rulebook/#rule18|title=Page Not Found - NFL Football Operations|author=|date=|website=operations.nfl.com|accessdate=September 9, 2018}}</ref>
|}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:National Football League players|team]]
[[Category:Sports captains|Captain (z)]]

Anthony Walker Jr.

2018-12-16T16:19:18Z

Willy3198: /* 2017 */

{{Infobox NFL biography
| name = Anthony Walker
| image =
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| current_team = Indianapolis Colts
| number = 50
| position = [[Linebacker]]
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1995|8|8}}
| birth_place = [[Miami, Florida]]
| height_ft = 6
| height_in = 1
| weight_lbs = 242
| high_school = [[Monsignor Edward Pace High School|Monsignor Edward Pace]] ([[Miami Gardens, Florida]])
| college = [[Northwestern Wildcats football|Northwestern]]
| draftyear = 2017
| draftround = 5
| draftpick = 161
| pastteams =
* [[Indianapolis Colts]] ({{NFL Year|2017}}–present)
| status = Active
| highlights =
* SI All-American (2015)
* AP All-American (2015)
* [[2015 All-Big Ten Conference football team|Consensus First-Team All-Big Ten (2015)]]
* Captain (2016)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.insidenu.com/2016/8/26/12666084/northwestern-football-captains-2016-anthony-walker-matt-harris-austin-carr-connor-mahoney |title=Northwestern announces Austin Carr, Connor Mahoney, Matt Harris and Anthony Walker as captains |author=Ian McCafferty |date=August 26, 2016 |publisher=SB Nation |work=www.insidenu.com |accessdate=October 28, 2016}}</ref>
* Second Team All-Big Ten (2016)
| statseason = 2018
| statweek = 3
| statlabel1 = [[Tackle (football move)|Total tackles]]
| statvalue1 = 45
| statlabel2 = [[Quarterback sack|Sacks]]
| statvalue2 = 0.0
| statlabel3 = [[Fumble|Forced fumbles]]
| statvalue3 = 0
| statlabel4 = [[Fumble|Fumble recoveries]]
| statvalue4 = 0
| statlabel5 = [[Interceptions]]
| statvalue5 = 1
| nflnew = anthonywalker/2558851
}}

'''Anthony Laron Walker Jr.''' (born August 8, 1995) is an [[American football]] [[linebacker]] for the [[Indianapolis Colts]] of the [[National Football League]] (NFL). He played college football for the [[Northwestern Wildcats football|Northwestern University Wildcats]] and was drafted by the Colts in the 5th round of the [[2017 NFL Draft]].

==College career==
Walker first saw action in his redshirt freshman season when Collin Ellis went down with a series of injuries. In his first career game, Walker returned an interception for a touchdown against [[Penn State Nittany Lions football|Penn State]] that capped a Northwestern win. In his first full season as a starter, Walker found success as he recorded 122 tackles to lead the team and 20.5 tackles for loss which was fourth in the nation. For his performance that season, Walker received All-American recognition from the [[Associated Press|AP]] and [[Sports Illustrated]] as well as Consensus First-Team All Big 10 honors.<ref>{{cite web|title=Anthony Walker Jr. Bio|url=http://www.nusports.com/roster.aspx?rp_id=4723|publisher=NorthWestern University Football - Official Website}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Anthony Walker, Northwestern, Inside Linebacker|url=https://247sports.com/Player/Anthony-Walker-10371|publisher=247 Sports|accessdate=3 October 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Anthony Walker College Stats|url=https://www.sports-reference.com/cfb/players/anthony-walker-1.html|publisher=College Football at Sorts-Reference.com|accessdate=3 October 2016}}</ref> On November 29, 2016, Walker was named Second Team All-Big Ten.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://grfx.cstv.com/photos/schools/big10/sports/m-footbl/auto_pdf/2016-17/misc_non_event/FBTuesAllB1G.pdf |title=2016 Big Ten Individual Award Winners |publisher=Big Ten Conference |work=www.grfx.cstv.com |accessdate=November 30, 2016}}</ref>

==Professional career==
{{external media
| video1 =
[http://www.nfl.com/videos/nfl-combine/0ap3000000797278/Anthony-Walker-2017-Combine-Workout Anthony Walker's NFL Combine Workout]
}}
{{NFL predraft
| height ft = 6
| height in = 1
| weight = 238
| dash = 4.65
| ten split = 1.57
| twenty split = 2.67
| shuttle = 4.34
| cone drill = 7.23
| vertical = 30½
| broad ft = 9
| broad in = 8
| bench = 23
| arm span = 30⅜
| hand span = 9½
| note = All values from [[NFL Scouting Combine]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nfl.com/draft/2017/profiles/anthony-walker%20jr.?id=2558015|title=Anthony Walker Jr. Draft Profile|work=[[NFL.com]]|accessdate=April 30, 2017}}</ref>
}}
===2017===
The [[Indianapolis Colts]] selected Walker in the fifth round (161st overall) of the [[2017 NFL Draft]]. Walker was the 20th linebacker drafted in 2017.<ref>{{cite web|title=Colts Draft Northwestern Linebacker Anthony Walker, Jr. In Round Five|url=http://www.colts.com/news/article-draft/Colts-Draft-Northwestern-Linebacker-Anthony-Walker-Jr-In-Round-Five/65c78bd2-2e4b-4c13-a479-6c632d478b7c|author=Bowen, Kevin|website=Colts.com|date=April 29, 2017|accessdate=May 9, 2017}}</ref>
{{external media
| video1 =
[http://www.nfl.com/videos/nfl-draft/0ap3000000804767/Colts-select-Anthony-Walker-Jr-No-161-in-the-2017-NFL-Draft Colts draft Anthony Walker 161st overall]
}}
On May 11, 2017, the Indianapolis Colts signed Walker to a four-year, [[United States dollar|$]]2.66 million [[contract]] that includes a [[signing bonus]] of $265,413.<ref>{{cite web |title=Spotrac.com: Anthony Walker Jr. contract |url=https://www.spotrac.com/nfl/indianapolis-colts/anthony-walker-jr-21903/ |accessdate=October 1, 2018 |website=Spotrac.com}}</ref>

Walker missed organized team activities due to Northwestern's quarters schedule and the league's rules on rookies being unable to join their team until their school's final semester had concluded.<ref>{{cite web |title=Bleacher Report: Sean Spence, Anthony Walker should start at ILB |url=https://coltswire.usatoday.com/2017/07/17/indianapolis-colts-sean-spence-anthony-walker-start-inside-linebacker/ |accessdate=October 1, 2018 |website=coltswire.usatoday.com |author=Hickey, Kevin |date=July 17, 2017}}</ref> Upon entering training camp, Walker competed to be a starting inside linebacker against [[Sean Spence]], [[Antonio Morrison (American football)|Antonio Morrison]], [[Jon Bostic]], and [[Edwin Jackson (American football)|Edwin Jackson]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Analyzing the Indianapolis Colts’ Inside Linebacker Position Battle |url=http://www.indianasportscoverage.com/analyzing-the-indianapolis-colts-inside-linebacker-position-battle/ |accessdate=October 1, 2018 |website=indianasportscoverage.com |date=July 27, 2017}}</ref> Head coach [[Chuck Pagano]] named Walker a backup inside linebacker to begin the regular season, behind [[Jon Bostic]] and Antonio Morrison.<ref>{{cite web |title=First Look at the 2017 Colts Regular Season Depth Chart |url=https://www.stampedeblue.com/2017/9/5/16257616/first-look-at-the-2017-colts-regular-season-depth-chart |accessdate=October 1, 2018 |website=stampedeblue.com |date=September 5, 2018}}</ref>

He made his professional regular season debut in the [[2017 Indianapolis Colts|Indianapolis Colts']] season-opener at the [[2017 Los Angeles Rams|Los Angeles Rams]], but exited in the second quarter of their 46–9 loss after sustaining a hamstring injury.<ref>{{cite web |title=Colts' Anthony Walker (hamstring) out vs. Rams |url=https://coltswire.usatoday.com/2017/09/10/indianapolis-colts-anthony-walker-hamstring-out-los-angeles-rams/ |accessdate=October 1, 2018 |website=coltswire.usatoday.com |author=Hickey, Kevin |date=September 10, 2017}}</ref> His [[hamstring]] injury sidelined him for the next three games (Weeks 2–4). In Week 5, he aggravated his hamstring injury during the third quarter of a 26–23 win against the [[2017 San Francisco 49ers|San Francisco 49ers]] and was inactive for the next three games (Weeks 6–8).<ref>{{cite web |title=Colts' Anthony Walker Jr.: Leaves game with hamstring injury |url=https://www.cbssports.com/fantasy/football/news/colts-anthony-walker-jr-leaves-game-with-hamstring-injury/ |accessdate=October 1, 2018 |website=cbssports.com}}</ref> On December 29, 2017, Walker earned his first start after Jon Bostic was ruled inactive due to an injury. He collected a season-high nine combined tackles in the Colts' 23–16 loss at the [[2017 Baltimore Ravens|Baltimore Ravens]] in Week 16.<ref>{{cite web |title=NFL Player stats: Anthony Walker Jr. (2017) |url=http://www.nfl.com/player/anthonywalker/2558851/gamelogs?season=2017 |accessdate=October 1, 2018 |website=NFL.com}}</ref> On December 31, 2017, the Indianapolis Colts fired head coach Chuck Pagano after the Colts finished 4–12 in 2017.<ref>{{cite web |title=Indianapolis Colts fire Chuck Pagano after 4-12 year |url=http://www.nfl.com/news/story/0ap3000000900837/article/indianapolis-colts-fire-chuck-pagano-after-412-year |accessdate=October 1, 2018 |website=NFL.com |date=December 31, 2017}}</ref> He finished his rookie season in [[2017 NFL season|2017]] with 22 combined tackles (11 solo) in ten games and two starts.<ref name="career">{{cite web |title=NFL Player stats: Anthony Walker Jr. (career) |url=http://www.nfl.com/player/anthonywalker/2558851/careerstats |accessdate=October 1, 2018 |website=NFL.com}}</ref>

===2018===
On February 11, 2018, the Indianapolis Colts hired former [[2017 Philadelphia Eagles|Philadelphia Eagles']] offensive coordinator [[Frank Reich]] as their new head coach.<ref>{{cite web |title=Indianapolis Colts hire Frank Reich to be next coach |url=http://www.nfl.com/news/story/0ap3000000915859/article/indianapolis-colts-hire-frank-reich-to-be-next-coach |accessdate=October 1, 2018 |website=NFL.com |date=February 11, 2018}}</ref> Defensive coordinator [[Matt Eberflus]] opted to change the base [[3-4 defense]] and implemented a base [[4-3 defense]]. Walker entered training camp slated as the starting middle linebacker, but saw competition from [[Najee Goode]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Predicting Who Will Start at Linebacker for the Indianapolis Colts |url=http://www.indianasportscoverage.com/predicting-who-will-start-at-linebacker-for-the-indianapolis-colts/ |accessdate=October 1, 2018 |website=indianasportscoverage.com}}</ref> On July 31, 2018, it was reported that Walker had injured his groin in the first week of training camp and was sidelined for the remainder of training camp and all four preseason games.<ref>{{cite web |title=After Missing Most Of Training Camp, Anthony Walker ‘Full-Go’ For Week 1 |url=https://www.colts.com/news/after-missing-most-of-training-camp-anthony-walker-full-go-for-week-1 |accessdate=October 1, 2018 |website=Colts.com |date=September 3, 2018}}</ref> Head coach Frank Reich named Walker the starting middle linebacker to start the regular season in 2018, alongside outside linebackers Najee Goode and rookie [[Darius Leonard]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Colts Release First Unofficial Depth Chart Of 2018 Regular Season |url=https://www.colts.com/news/colts-release-first-unofficial-depth-chart-of-2018-regular-season |accessdate=October 1, 2018 |website=Colts.com |author=Andrew Walker |date=September 4, 2018}}</ref>

On September 23, 2018, Walker recorded nine combined tackles and made his first career interception off a pass by Eagles' quarterback [[Carson Wentz]] during a 20–16 loss at the [[2018 Philadelphia Eagles season|Philadelphia Eagles]] in Week 2.<ref>{{cite web |title=NFL Player stats: Anthony Walker Jr. (2018) |url=http://www.nfl.com/player/anthonywalker/2558851/gamelogs?season=2018 |accessdate=October 1, 2018 |website=NFL.com}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist|30em}}

==External links==
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iPQaNZJjL3o Anthony Walker Jr. Highlights - YouTube]
*[http://www.nusports.com/roster.aspx?rp_id=4723 Northwestern Wildcats bio]

{{Colts2017DraftPicks}}
{{Indianapolis Colts roster navbox}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Walker, Anthony}}
[[Category:1995 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Northwestern Wildcats football players]]
[[Category:Sportspeople from Miami]]
[[Category:Players of American football from Florida]]
[[Category:American football linebackers]]
[[Category:Indianapolis Colts players]]

Indianapolis Colts

2018-11-26T22:17:13Z

Willy3198: /* Season-by-season record */

{{pp-semi-indef|small=yes}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2012}}
{{Infobox NFL team
| name = Indianapolis Colts
| current = 2018 Indianapolis Colts season
| logo = Indianapolis Colts logo.svg
| wordmark = Indianapolis Colts wordmark.svg
| established = {{Start date and age|January 23, 1953}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Indianapolis Colts Team Facts|url=http://www.profootballhof.com/teams/indianapolis-colts/team-facts/|publisher=[[Pro Football Hall of Fame]]|accessdate=October 2, 2017}}</ref>
| first_season = [[1953 Baltimore Colts season|1953]]
| city = [[Lucas Oil Stadium]] [[Indianapolis|Indianapolis, Indiana]]
| misc = '''Headquartered''' in the Indianapolis Colts Football Training Center Indianapolis, Indiana
| uniform = File:Composite Indianapolis Colts uniforms.png
| colors = Royal blue, white<ref>{{cite news|last=Kelley|first=Craig|title=NEW UNIFORM, SAME TRADITIONAL LOOK|url=http://www.colts.com/news/article-1/NEW-UNIFORM-SAME-TRADITIONAL-LOOK/a47644a0-4ff4-44e3-a58c-a7e31e0699e8|publisher=NFL Enterprises, LLC|website=Colts.com|date=April 3, 2012|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20160821105215/http://www.colts.com/news/article-1/NEW-UNIFORM-SAME-TRADITIONAL-LOOK/a47644a0-4ff4-44e3-a58c-a7e31e0699e8|archivedate=August 21, 2016|accessdate=August 14, 2018|deadurl=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Indianapolis Colts History|url=http://www.nfl.com/static/content/public/static/pdf/media-guides/IND-Media-Guide.pdf#page=412|publisher=NFL Enterprises, LLC|work=2018 Indianapolis Colts Media Guide|date=September 12, 2018|accessdate=November 21, 2018|quote=On January 23, 1953, under the principal ownership of Carroll Rosenbloom, the NFL’s Dallas Texans franchise was moved to Baltimore where, keeping the “Colts” nickname, the Texans team colors of blue and white were inherited.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Indianapolis Colts Team Capsule|url=http://www.nfl.com/static/content/public/photo/2018/08/09/0ap3000000946101.pdf#page=76|publisher=NFL Enterprises, LLC|work=2018 National Football League Record and Fact Book|date=August 9, 2018|accessdate=August 14, 2018}}</ref> {{color box|#002C5F}} {{color box|#FFFFFF}}
| owner = [[Jim Irsay]]
| ceo = Jim Irsay
| general manager = [[Chris Ballard (American football)|Chris Ballard]]
| coach = [[Frank Reich]]
| mascot = [[Blue (NFL mascot)|Blue]]
| nicknames =
| hist_yr = 1984
| hist_misc =
* [[History of the Baltimore Colts|Baltimore Colts]] (1953–1983)
| NFL_start_yr = 1953
| division_hist =
* Western Conference (1953–1969)
** [[National Football League Coastal Division|Coastal Division]] (1967–1969)
* '''[[American Football Conference]] (1970–present)'''
** [[AFC East]] (1970–2001)
** '''[[AFC South]] (2002–present)'''
| no_league_champs = 4†
| no_pre1970sb_champs = 1
| no_sb_champs = 2
| no_conf_champs = 7
| no_div_champs = 16
| league_champs =
* '''[[List of NFL champions (1920–69)|NFL Championships]] (pre-1970 [[AFL–NFL merger]]) (3)''' [[1958 NFL Championship Game|1958]], [[1959 NFL Championship Game|1959]], [[1968 NFL Championship Game|1968]]
| sb_champs = [[1970 NFL season|1970]] ([[Super Bowl V|V]]), [[2006 NFL season|2006]] ([[Super Bowl XLI|XLI]]) 
| conf_champs =
* '''NFL Western:''' [[1958 NFL season|1958]], [[1959 NFL season|1959]], [[1964 NFL season|1964]], [[1968 NFL season|1968]]
* '''AFC:''' [[1970 NFL season|1970]], [[2006 NFL season|2006]], [[2009 NFL season|2009]]
| div_champs =
* '''NFL Coastal:''' [[1968 NFL season|1968]]
* '''AFC East:''' [[1970 NFL season|1970]], [[1975 NFL season|1975]], [[1976 NFL season|1976]], [[1977 NFL season|1977]], [[1987 NFL season|1987]], [[1999 NFL season|1999]]
* '''AFC South:''' [[2003 NFL season|2003]], [[2004 NFL season|2004]], [[2005 NFL season|2005]], [[2006 NFL season|2006]], [[2007 NFL season|2007]], [[2009 NFL season|2009]], [[2010 NFL season|2010]], [[2013 NFL season|2013]], [[2014 NFL season|2014]]
† – Does not include the AFL or NFL Championships won during the same seasons as the AFL–NFL Super Bowl Championships prior to the 1970 [[AFL–NFL merger]]
| playoff_appearances =
* '''NFL:''' [[1958 NFL Championship Game|1958]], [[1959 NFL Championship Game|1959]], [[1964 NFL Championship Game|1964]], [[1965 NFL playoffs|1965]], [[1968 NFL playoffs|1968]], [[1970–71 NFL playoffs|1970]], [[1971–72 NFL playoffs|1971]], [[1975–76 NFL playoffs|1975]], [[1976–77 NFL playoffs|1976]], [[1977–78 NFL playoffs|1977]], [[1987–88 NFL playoffs|1987]], [[1995–96 NFL playoffs|1995]], [[1996–97 NFL playoffs|1996]], [[1999–2000 NFL playoffs|1999]], [[2000–01 NFL playoffs|2000]], [[2002–03 NFL playoffs|2002]], [[2003–04 NFL playoffs|2003]], [[2004–05 NFL playoffs|2004]], [[2005–06 NFL playoffs|2005]], [[2006–07 NFL playoffs|2006]], [[2007–08 NFL playoffs|2007]], [[2008–09 NFL playoffs|2008]], [[2009–10 NFL playoffs|2009]], [[2010–11 NFL playoffs|2010]], [[2012–13 NFL playoffs|2012]], [[2013–14 NFL playoffs|2013]], [[2014–15 NFL playoffs|2014]]
| no_playoff_appearances = 27
| stadium_years =
* [[Memorial Stadium (Baltimore)|Memorial Stadium]] (1953–1983)
* [[RCA Dome]] (1984–2007)
* '''[[Lucas Oil Stadium]] (2008–present)'''
}}

The '''Indianapolis Colts''' are an [[American football]] team based in [[Indianapolis|Indianapolis, Indiana]]. The Colts compete in the [[National Football League]] (NFL) as a member club of the league's [[American Football Conference]] (AFC) [[AFC South|South]] division. Since the [[2008 Indianapolis Colts season|2008 season]], the Colts have played their games in [[Lucas Oil Stadium]]. Previously, the team had played for over two decades (1984–2007) at the [[RCA Dome]]. Since 1987, the Colts have been the host team for the [[NFL Scouting Combine]].

The Colts have been a member club of the NFL since their founding in [[Baltimore]] in 1953. They were one of three NFL teams to join those of the [[American Football League]] (AFL) to form the AFC following the [[AFL–NFL merger|1970 merger]]. While in Baltimore, the team advanced to the [[National Football League playoffs|playoffs]] 10 times and won three [[List of NFL champions (1920–69)|NFL Championship games]] in [[1958 NFL Championship Game|1958]], [[1959 NFL Championship Game|1959]], and [[1968 NFL Championship Game|1968]]. The Colts played in two [[Super Bowl]]s while they were based in Baltimore, losing to the [[New York Jets]] in [[Super Bowl III]] and defeating the [[Dallas Cowboys]] in [[Super Bowl V]]. The Colts [[Baltimore Colts relocation to Indianapolis|relocated]] to Indianapolis in 1984 and have since appeared in the playoffs 16 times, won two conference championships, and won one [[Super Bowl]], in which they defeated the [[Chicago Bears]] in [[Super Bowl XLI]].

==Franchise history==
{{Main|History of the Indianapolis Colts}} {{See also|History of the Baltimore Colts}}

===1953–1983: the Baltimore era===
[[Image:Memorial Stadium (Baltimore).jpg|thumb|left|275px|[[Memorial Stadium (Baltimore)|Memorial Stadium]], home to the Baltimore Colts until 1983.]]

Following World War II, a competing professional football league was organized known as the [[All-America Football Conference|All America Football Conference]] which began play in the 1946 season. In its second year the franchise assigned to the [[Miami Seahawks]] was relocated to [[Maryland]]'s major commercial and manufacturing city of [[Baltimore]], which after a fan contest was renamed the [[Baltimore Colts]] and used the team colors of silver and green. These Colts played for the next three seasons in the old [[All-America Football Conference|AAFC.]] until it agreed to merge with the old [[National Football League]] (of 1920–1922 to 1950), bringing into the merger of the new reorganized NFL of three former AAFC powerhouse teams: the [[San Francisco 49ers]], [[Cleveland Browns]] and the [[Baltimore Colts (1947–50)|Baltimore Colts]] (known by the designation of "AAFC" or "1947–50"). This new Colts team, now in the "big league" of [[American football|professional American football]] for the first time, although with shaky financing and ownership, played only in the 1950 season of the reorganized "third" NFL, and was later disbanded and moved.

Two years later, in 1953, a new [[Baltimore]]-based group, heavily supported by the City's municipal government and with a large subscription-base of fan-purchased season tickets, led by local owner [[Carroll Rosenbloom]] won the rights to a new Baltimore NFL franchise.<ref>{{cite web|title=History Highlights|url=http://www.colts.com/team/history.html|publisher=Indianapolis Colts|accessdate=August 21, 2017}}</ref><ref name="Baltimore Colts History">{{cite web|title=Baltimore Colts: Historical Moments|url=http://www.sportsecyclopedia.com/nfl/balticolts/baltcolts.html|publisher=Sports Encyclopedia|accessdate=July 5, 2012}}</ref> Rosenbloom was awarded the remains of the former [[Dallas Texans (NFL)|Dallas Texans]] team, who themselves had a long and winding history starting as the [[Boston Yanks]] in 1944, merging later with the [[Brooklyn Tigers]], and who were previously known as the [[Dayton Triangles]], one of the original old NFL teams established even before the League itself, in 1913. With the organization in 1920 of the original [[American Professional Football Association|"American Professional Football Conference" [APFC], (soon renamed the "American Professional Football Association"]], [APF.]), then two years later in 1922, renamed a second time, now permanently as the "[[National Football League]]".<ref name="Baltimore Colts History"/> That team later became the [[New York Yanks]] in 1950, and many of the players from the [[New York Yankees (AAFC)|New York Yankees]] of the former competing [[All-America Football Conference]] (1946–49), were added to the team to begin playing in the newly merged League for the 1950 season. The Yanks then moved to [[Dallas, Texas|Dallas]] in [[Texas]] after the 1951 season having competed for two seasons, but played their final two "home" games of the 1952 season as a so-called "road team" at the [[Rubber Bowl]] football stadium in [[Akron, Ohio]]. The NFL considers the Texans and Colts to be separate teams, although many of the earlier teams shared the same colors of blue and white. Thus, the Indianapolis Colts are legally considered to be a 1953 [[expansion team]].

[[File:JohnnyUnitasSignAutograph1964.jpg|thumb|left|200px|[[Pro Football Hall of Fame]] inductee [[Johnny Unitas]] (1933–2002), was the Baltimore Colts' starting quarterback and famed "Number 19", from 1956 to 1972. Unitas was raised in the [[Pittsburgh]] area and played earlier for the [[University of Louisville]] in [[Louisville, Kentucky]]]]
The third (and current) version of the Colts football team played their first season in Baltimore in [[1953 Baltimore Colts season|1953]], where the team compiled a 3–9 record under first year head coach [[Keith Molesworth]]. The franchise struggled during the first few years in Baltimore, with the team not achieving their first winning record until the [[1957 Baltimore Colts season|1957 season]].<ref name="Baltimore Colts History"/> However, under head coach [[Weeb Ewbank]] and the leadership of quarterback [[Johnny Unitas]], the Colts went on to a 9–3 record during the [[1958 Baltimore Colts season|1958 season]] and reached the [[NFL Championship Game]] for the first time in their history by winning the [[Eastern and Western Conferences (NFL) 1933–69|NFL Western Conference]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Hall of Famers: Weeb Ewbank|url=http://www.profootballhof.com/hof/member.aspx?PLAYER_ID=65|publisher=Pro Football Hall of Fame|accessdate=July 5, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Epstein|first=Eddie|title=Greatest Teams: 1958 Baltimore Colts|url=http://a.espncdn.com/nfl/s/epstein/colts.html|publisher=[[ESPN]]|accessdate=July 5, 2012}}</ref> The Colts faced the [[New York Giants]] in the [[1958 NFL Championship Game]] in what is considered to be among the greatest contests in professional football history.<ref>{{cite web|last=Miller|first=Jeff|title=Shaky Myhra made the kick that mattered most|url=http://sports.espn.go.com/nfl/news/story?id=3742033|publisher=[[ESPN]]|date=December 8, 2008|accessdate=July 4, 2012}}</ref> The Colts defeated the Giants 23–17 in the first game ever to utilize the overtime rule, a game seen by 45 million people.<ref>{{cite web|last=MacCambridge|first=Michael|title=Legacy of 'the greatest game' can be found in what followed|url=http://www.nfl.com/news/story?id=09000d5d80d94a0d&template=with-video-with-comments&confirm=true|publisher=NFL.com|accessdate=July 5, 2012}}</ref>

Following the Colts first NFL championship, the team once again posted a 9–3 record during the [[1959 Baltimore Colts season|1959 season]] and once again defeated the Giants in the [[1959 NFL Championship Game|NFL Championship Game]] to claim their second title in back to back fashion.<ref name="Baltimore Colts History"/> Following the two championships in 1958 and 1959, the Colts did not return to the NFL Championship for four seasons and saw a transition from head coach Ewbank to a young [[Don Shula]] in [[1963 Baltimore Colts season|1963]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Cole|first=Jason|title=Ewbank overlooked figure of AFL glory|url=https://sports.yahoo.com/nfl/news?slug=jc-weebewbank120309|publisher=Yahoo! Sports|date=December 30, 2009|accessdate=July 5, 2012}}</ref> In Shula's second season the Colts compiled a 12–2 record, but lost to the [[Cleveland Browns]] in the [[1964 NFL Championship Game|NFL Championship]]. However, in [[1968 Baltimore Colts season|1968]] the Colts returned with the continued leadership of Unitas and Shula and went on to win the Colts' third NFL Championship and made an appearance in [[Super Bowl III]].

[[File:1986 Jeno's Pizza - 32 - Earl Morrall.jpg|thumb|right|200px|The Colts against Dallas in their first Super Bowl championship (V).]]
Leading up to the Super Bowl and following the 34–0 trouncing of the Cleveland Browns in the [[1968 NFL Championship Game|NFL Championship]], many were calling the 1968 Colts team one of the "greatest pro football teams of all time"<ref>{{cite news|url=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/multimedia/photo_gallery/1102/nfl-top-15-teams-to-not-win-super-bowl/content.4.html|title=Top 15 Team Not to Win the Super Bowl:1968 Baltimore Colts (13–1)|accessdate=July 4, 2012|work=[[Sports Illustrated]]}}</ref> and were favored by 18 points against their counterparts from the [[American Football League]], the [[New York Jets]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2010/writers/dan_shaughnessy/01/18/colts.jets/index.html|title=There's plenty of history between AFC finalists Jets and Colts|accessdate=July 5, 2012|last=Shaughnessy|first=Dan|date=January 19, 2010|work=[[Sports Illustrated]]}}</ref> The Colts, however, were stunned by the Jets, who won the game 16–7 in the first Super Bowl victory for the young AFL. The result of the game surprised many in the sports media<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/sports/nfl/longterm/superbowl/stories/sb3.htm|title=Jets Shock Colts in Super Bowl, 16–7|accessdate=July 4, 2012|last=Brady|first=Dave|date=January 13, 1969|work=Washington Post}}</ref> as [[Joe Namath]] and [[Matt Snell]] led the Jets to the Super Bowl victory under head coach Weeb Ewbank, who had previously won two NFL Championships with the Colts.

Rosenbloom of the Colts, [[Art Modell]] of the Browns, and [[Art Rooney]] of the [[Pittsburgh Steelers]] agreed to have their teams join the ten AFL teams in the [[American Football Conference]] as part of the [[AFL–NFL merger]] in 1970.<ref name="Baltimore Colts History"/> The Colts immediately went on a rampage in the new league, as new head coach [[Don McCafferty]] led the [[1970 Baltimore Colts season|1970]] team to an 11–2–1 regular season record, winning the [[AFC East]] title. In the first round of the NFL Playoffs, the Colts beat the [[Cincinnati Bengals]] 17–0; one week later in the first ever [[AFC Championship Game]], they beat the [[Oakland Raiders]] 27–17. Baltimore went on to win the first post-merger Super Bowl ([[Super Bowl V]]), defeating the [[National Football Conference]]'s [[Dallas Cowboys]] 16–13 on a Jim O'Brien field goal with five seconds left to play.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.palmbeachpost.com/news/sports/remembering-super-bowl-v-baltimore-colts-jim-obrie/nL2gn/|title=Remembering Super Bowl V: Baltimore Colts' Jim O'Brien got a win and a future wife|accessdate=July 5, 2012|last=Milian|first=Jorge|date=February 1, 2010|publisher=The Palm Beach Post}}</ref> The victory gave the Colts their fourth NFL championship and first Super Bowl victory. Following the championship, the Colts returned to the playoffs in [[1971 Baltimore Colts season|1971]] and defeated the Cleveland Browns in the first round, but lost to the [[Miami Dolphins]] in the AFC Championship.

Citing friction with the City of Baltimore and the local press, Rosenbloom traded the Colts franchise to [[Robert Irsay]] on July 13, 1972 and received the [[Los Angeles Rams]] in return.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/article/magazine/MAG1086414/2/index.htm|title=Fed up with his Colts, Carroll Rosenbloom traded for the Rams|accessdate=July 5, 2012|last=Maule|first=Tex|date=August 14, 1972|work=[[Sports Illustrated]]}}</ref> Under the new ownership, the Colts did not reach the postseason for three consecutive seasons after 1971, and after the [[1972 Baltimore Colts season|1972 season]], starting quarterback and legend Johnny Unitas was traded to the [[San Diego Chargers]].<ref name="Baltimore Colts History"/> Following Unitas' departure, the Colts made the playoffs three consecutive seasons from 1975 to 1977, losing in the divisional round each time. The Colts 1977 playoff loss in double overtime against the Oakland Raiders was famous for the fact that it was the last playoff game for the Colts in Baltimore and is also known for the [[Ghost to the Post]] play. These consecutive championship teams featured 1976 NFL Most Valuable Player [[Bert Jones]] at quarterback and an outstanding defensive line, nicknamed the "Sack Pack."

Following the 1970s success, the team endured nine consecutive losing seasons beginning in [[1978 NFL season|1978]]. In [[1981 Baltimore Colts season|1981]], the Colts defense allowed an NFL-record 533 points, set an all-time record for fewest sacks (13), and also set a modern record for fewest punt returns (12).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/teams/clt/1981.htm|title=1981 Baltimore Colts Statistics|accessdate=July 4, 2012|publisher=Pro Football Reference}}</ref> The following year, the offense collapsed, including a game against the [[Buffalo Bills]] where the Colts' offense did not cross mid-field the entire game. The Colts finished 0–8–1 in the strike-shortened 1982 season, thereby earning the right to select [[Stanford Cardinal football|Stanford]] quarterback [[John Elway]] with the first overall pick. Elway, however, refused to play for Baltimore, and using leverage as a draftee of the [[New York Yankees]] baseball club, forced a trade to [[Denver Broncos|Denver]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.stanforddaily.com/2012/05/03/football-a-look-back-at-stanfords-other-no-1-picks/|title=Football: A look back at Stanford's other No. 1 picks|accessdate=July 5, 2012|last=Blanchat|first=Jack|work=The Stanford Daily}}</ref> Behind an improved defense the team finished 7–9 in [[1983 Baltimore Colts season|1983]], but that would be their last season in Baltimore.

===Relocation to Indianapolis===
{{Main|Baltimore Colts relocation to Indianapolis}}
[[Image:Indianapolis-indiana-rca-dome.jpg|thumb|right|275px|The Indianapolis Colts played in the RCA Dome from 1984 until 2007.]]
The Baltimore Colts played their final home game in Baltimore on December 18, 1983, against the then [[Houston Oilers]]. Irsay continued to request upgrades to [[Memorial Stadium (Baltimore)|Memorial Stadium]] or construction of a new stadium.<ref name="LA Times Colts Relocation">{{cite news|title=Stadium Struggle in Baltimore: Push and Pull of Power|url=http://articles.latimes.com/1987-01-04/sports/sp-2014_1_stadium-authority|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|accessdate=July 4, 2012|first=Richard|last=Justice|date=January 4, 1987}}</ref> As a result of the poor performance on the field and the stadium issues, fan attendance and team revenue continued to dwindle. City officials were precluded from using tax-payer funds for the building of a new stadium, and the modest proposals that were offered by the city were not acceptable to either the Colts or the city's MLB franchise the Orioles. However, all sides continued to negotiate.<ref name="LA Times Colts Relocation"/> Relations between Irsay and the city of Baltimore deteriorated. Although Irsay assured fans that his ultimate desire was to stay in Baltimore, he nevertheless began discussions with several other cities willing to build new football stadiums, eventually narrowing the list of cities to two: Phoenix and Indianapolis.<ref>{{cite web|title=Descendants of the Mayflower:A History of the Indianapolis Colts|url=http://bonesaw.tripod.com/Indy_History.htm|publisher=Descendants of the Mayflower|accessdate=July 4, 2012}}</ref> Under the administration of [[List of mayors of Indianapolis|mayors]] [[Richard Lugar]] and then [[William Hudnut]], Indianapolis had undertaken an ambitious effort to reinvent itself into a 'Great American City'.<ref name="IndyStar Colts History">{{cite web|title=History of The Indianapolis Colts|url=http://www2.indystar.com/library/factfiles/sports/football-pro/indpls_colts/history/colts.html|publisher=[[Indianapolis Star]]|accessdate=July 4, 2012}}</ref> The [[Hoosier Dome]], which was later renamed the RCA Dome, had been built specifically for, and was ready to host, an NFL expansion team.<ref>{{cite web|title=RCA Dome|url=http://www.stadiumsofprofootball.com/past/RCADome.htm|publisher=Stadiums of Pro Football|accessdate=July 4, 2012}}</ref>

Meanwhile, in Baltimore, the situation worsened. The [[Maryland General Assembly]] intervened when a bill was introduced to give the city of Baltimore the right to seize ownership of the team by [[eminent domain]]. As a result, Irsay began serious negotiations with Indianapolis Mayor William Hudnut in order to move the team before the Maryland legislature could pass the law. Indianapolis offered loans as well as the Hoosier Dome and a training complex.<ref>{{cite web|title=In the end, Irsay rests quietly|url=http://articles.baltimoresun.com/2007-01-13/sports/0701130145_1_jim-irsay-crown-hill-cemetery-robert-irsay|publisher=[[Baltimore Sun]]|accessdate=July 4, 2012}}</ref> After the deal was reached, moving vans from Indianapolis-based [[Mayflower Transit]] were dispatched overnight to the team's Maryland training complex, arriving on the morning of March 29, 1984. Once in Maryland, workers loaded all of the team's belongings, and by midday the trucks departed for Indianapolis, leaving nothing of the Colts organization that could be seized by Baltimore.<ref>"The Greatest Game Ever Played" documentary on ESPN, 2008-12-13</ref> The [[Baltimore's Marching Ravens|Baltimore Colts' Marching Band]] had to scramble to retrieve their equipment and uniforms before they were shipped to Indianapolis as well.<ref name="TBTWD">''The Band That Wouldn't Die''. Directed by Barry Levinson, Severn River Productions</ref>

The move triggered a flurry of legal activity that ended when representatives of the city of Baltimore and the Colts organization reached a settlement in March 1986. Under the agreement, all lawsuits regarding the relocation were dismissed, and the Colts agreed to endorse a new NFL team for Baltimore.<ref name="IndyStar Colts History"/>

===1984–1997: Initial struggles in Indianapolis===
[[Image:Indianapolis Colts at Cleveland Browns 1988-09-19 (ticket) (crop).jpg|thumb|right|175px|[[Eric Dickerson]] led the team in rushing and earned three Pro Bowl invitations during his tenure with the Colts (87'-91').]]
Upon the Colts' arrival in Indianapolis over 143,000 requests for season tickets were received in just two weeks.<ref>{{cite web|title=StarFiles: The Indianapolis Colts, 1984–97|url=http://www.indystar.com/article/99999999/NEWS06/80814050/StarFiles-Indianapolis-Colts-1984-1997|work=[[Indianapolis Star]]|accessdate=July 4, 2012}}</ref> The move to Indianapolis, however, did not change the recent fortune of the Colts, with the team appearing in the postseason only once in the first eleven seasons in Indianapolis. During the [[1984 Indianapolis Colts season|1984 season]], the first in Indianapolis, the team went 4–12 and accounted for the lowest offensive yardage in the league that season.<ref>{{cite web|title=1984 NFL, Team & Offensive Statistics|url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/years/1984/|publisher=Pro Football Reference|accessdate=July 4, 2012}}</ref> The [[1985 Indianapolis Colts season|1985]] and [[1986 Indianapolis Colts season|1986]] teams combined for only eight wins, including an 0–13 start in 1986 which prompted the firing of head coach [[Rod Dowhower]], who was replaced by [[Ron Meyer]]. The Colts, however, did receive eventual Hall of Fame running back [[Eric Dickerson]]<ref>{{cite web|title=History: Eric Dickerson Trade – Trick-or-Trade|url=http://www.profootballhof.com/history/decades/1980s/eric_dickerson.aspx|publisher=Pro Football Hall of Fame|accessdate=July 4, 2012}}</ref> as a result of a trade during the [[1987 Indianapolis Colts season|1987 season]], and went on to compile a 9–6 record, thereby winning the [[AFC East]] and advancing to the postseason for the first time in Indianapolis; they lost that game to the [[Cleveland Browns]].

Following 1987, the Colts did not see any real success for quite some time, with the team missing the postseason for seven consecutive seasons. The struggles came to a climax in [[1991 Indianapolis Colts season|1991]] when the team went 1–15 and was just one point away from the first "imperfect" season in the history of a 16-game schedule.<ref>{{cite web|title=Worst NFL teams of all time|url=http://espn.go.com/page2/s/list/football/teams/worst.html|publisher=[[ESPN]]|accessdate=July 4, 2012}}</ref> The season resulted in the firing of head coach Ron Meyer and the return of former head coach [[Ted Marchibroda]] to the organization in [[1992 Indianapolis Colts season|1992]]; he had coached the team from 1975 to 1979. The team continued to struggle under Marchibroda and [[Jim Irsay]], son of [[Robert Irsay]] and general manager at the time. It was in [[1994 Indianapolis Colts season|1994]] that Robert Irsay brought in [[Bill Tobin (American football)|Bill Tobin]] to become the general manager of the Indianapolis Colts.<ref>{{cite news|title=Bill Tobin, the GM behind the Hall of Famer|url=http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2011-02-10/sports/ct-spt-0211-around-town--20110210_1_vince-tobin-draft-hall-of-fame-induction|work=Chicago Tribune|accessdate=July 4, 2012|first1=Fred|last1=Mitchell|first2=David|last2=Kaplan|date=February 10, 2011}}</ref>

Under Tobin, the Colts drafted running back [[Marshall Faulk]] with the second overall pick in the [[1994 NFL Draft|1994]]<ref>{{cite web|title=1994 NFL Draft|url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/years/1994/draft.htm?redir|publisher=Pro Football Reference|accessdate=July 4, 2012}}</ref> and acquired quarterback [[Jim Harbaugh]] as well.<ref>{{cite news|last=Pierson|first=Don|title=Pressure On Harbaugh After Tobin Rejects Quarterback In Draft|url=http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1994-05-01/sports/9405010145_1_bill-tobin-jim-harbaugh-no-huddle|work=Chicago Tribune|accessdate=July 4, 2012|date=May 1, 1994}}</ref> These moves along with others saw the Colts begin to turn their fortunes around with playoff appearances in [[1995 Indianapolis Colts season|1995]] and [[1996 Indianapolis Colts season|1996]]. The Colts won their first postseason game as the Indianapolis Colts in 1995 and advanced to the [[1995 AFC Championship Game|AFC Championship Game]] against the [[Pittsburgh Steelers]], coming just a [[Hail Mary pass]] reception away from a trip to [[Super Bowl XXX]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Rosenthal|first=Gregg|title=1995 AFC Championship game still haunts Harbaugh|url=http://profootballtalk.nbcsports.com/2011/05/12/1995-afc-championship-game-still-haunts/|publisher=Pro Football Talk|accessdate=July 4, 2012}}</ref>

Marchibroda retired following the 1995 season and was replaced by [[Lindy Infante]] in 1996.<ref>{{cite news|last=Myers|first=Gary|title=Hired: Baltimore Ted, Indy Lindy|url=http://articles.nydailynews.com/1996-02-16/sports/18006302_1_afc-east-titles-teddy-marchibroda-colts-last-week|work=[[New York Daily News]]|accessdate=July 4, 2012}}</ref> After two consecutive playoff appearances, the Colts regressed and went 3–13 during the [[1997 Indianapolis Colts season|1997 season]]. Along with the disappointing season, the principal owner and man who moved the team to Indianapolis, Robert Irsay, died in January 1997 after years of declining health.<ref>{{cite news|last=Eskenazi|first=Gerald|title=Robert Irsay, 73, Executive In Shift of N.F.L. Colts, Dies|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/01/15/sports/robert-irsay-73-executive-in-shift-of-nfl-colts-dies.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm|publisher=New York Times|accessdate=July 4, 2012|date=January 15, 1997}}</ref> Jim Irsay, Robert Irsay's son, entered the role of principal owner following his father's death and quickly began to change the organization. Irsay replaced general manager Tobin with [[Bill Polian]] in 1997 as the team decided to build through their number one overall pick in the [[1998 NFL Draft|1998 draft]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Colts Fire Tobin, Infante, Hire Panthers' Polian|url=http://articles.philly.com/1997-12-23/sports/25553723_1_bill-tobin-football-operations-bill-polian|work=[[Philadelphia Inquirer]]|accessdate=July 4, 2012}}</ref>

===1998–2011: the Peyton Manning era===
[[Image:Peyton Manning passing.jpg|thumb|right|175px|[[Peyton Manning]] was the starting quarterback for the Colts from 1998 until 2010.]]
[[Jim Irsay]] began to shape the Colts one year after assuming control from his father by firing head coach [[Lindy Infante]] and hiring [[Bill Polian]] as the general manager of the organization. Polian in turn hired [[Jim E. Mora|Jim Mora]] to become the next head coach of the team and drafted [[Tennessee Volunteers football|Tennessee Volunteer]] quarterback [[Peyton Manning]], the son of [[New Orleans Saints]] legend [[Archie Manning]], with the first overall pick in the [[1998 NFL Draft]].<ref>{{cite web|title=1998 NFL Draft History – Round 1|url=http://www.mynfldraft.com/1998|publisher=MyNFLDraft.com|accessdate=July 4, 2012}}</ref>

The team and Manning struggled during the [[1998 Indianapolis Colts season|1998]] season, winning only three games; Manning threw a league high 28 interceptions.<ref name="Manning Stats">{{cite web|title=Peyton Manning:Career Stats|url=http://www.nfl.com/player/peytonmanning/2501863/careerstats|publisher=NFL.com|accessdate=July 4, 2012}}</ref> However, Manning did pass for 3,739 yards and threw 26 touchdown passes and was named to the NFL All-Rookie First Team.<ref name="Manning Stats"/> The Colts began to improve towards the end of the 1998 season and showed continued growth in [[1999 Indianapolis Colts season|1999]]. Indianapolis drafted [[Edgerrin James]] in [[1999 NFL Draft|1999]] and continued to improve their roster heading into the upcoming season.<ref>{{cite web|title=1999 NFL Draft History – Round 1|url=http://www.mynfldraft.com/1999|publisher=MyNFLDraft.com|accessdate=July 4, 2012}}</ref> The Colts went 13–3 in 1999 and finished first in the [[AFC East]], their first division title since 1987. Indianapolis lost to the eventual AFC champion [[Tennessee Titans]] in the [[1999–2000 NFL playoffs|divisional playoffs]].

The [[2000 Indianapolis Colts season|2000]] and [[2001 Indianapolis Colts season|2001]] Colts teams were considerably less successful compared to the 1999 team, and pressure began to mount on team administration and the coaching staff following a 6–10 season in 2001. Head coach Jim Mora was fired at the end of the season and was replaced by former [[Tampa Bay Buccaneers]] head coach [[Tony Dungy]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Bell|first=Jarrett|title=Dungy riding high with Colts|url=https://www.usatoday.com/sports/nfl/colts/2002-06-12-focus-dungy.htm|work=[[USA Today]]|accessdate=July 4, 2012|date=June 11, 2002}}</ref> Dungy and the team quickly changed the atmosphere of the organization and returned to the playoffs in [[2002 Indianapolis Colts season|2002]] with a 10–6 record. The Colts also returned to the playoffs in [[2003 Indianapolis Colts season|2003]] and [[2004 Indianapolis Colts season|2004]] with 12–4 records and [[AFC South]] championships. The Colts lost to the [[2003 New England Patriots season|New England Patriots]] and [[Tom Brady]] in the [[2003–04 NFL playoffs|2003 AFC Championship Game]] and in the [[2004–05 NFL playoffs|2004 divisional playoffs]], thereby beginning a rivalry between the two teams, and between Manning and Brady.<ref>{{cite news|last=Mihoces|first=Gary|title=NFL's biggest rivalry? Tom Brady, Peyton Manning to duel|url=https://www.usatoday.com/sports/football/nfl/2010-11-21-colts-patriots-manning-brady-preview_N.htm?csp=34sports|work=[[USA Today]]|accessdate=July 4, 2012|date=November 21, 2010}}</ref> Following two consecutive playoff losses to the Patriots, the Colts began the [[2005 Indianapolis Colts season|2005 season]] with a 13–0 record, including a regular season victory over the [[2005 New England Patriots season|Patriots]], the first in the Manning era.<ref>{{cite web|last=Donaldson|first=Jim|title=Patriots vs. Colts, The Tide Turns: Nov. 7, 2005|url=http://blogs.providencejournal.com/sports/patriots/2009/11/the-tide-turns.html|publisher=Providence Journal|accessdate=July 4, 2012|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202235002/http://blogs.providencejournal.com/sports/patriots/2009/11/the-tide-turns.html|archivedate=December 2, 2013|df=mdy-all}}</ref> During the season Manning and [[Marvin Harrison]] broke the NFL record for touchdowns by a quarterback and receiver tandem.<ref>{{cite web|title=Manning, Harrison match Young, Rice|url=http://articles.baltimoresun.com/2005-10-03/sports/0510030129_1_titans-colts-manning-and-harrison|publisher=The Baltimore Sun|accessdate=July 4, 2012}}</ref> Indianapolis finished the 2005 season with a 14–2 record, the best record in the league that year and the best in a 16 games season for the franchise, but lost to the [[2005 Pittsburgh Steelers season|Pittsburgh Steelers]] in the divisional round, a disappointing end to the season.<ref>{{cite web|last=Pasquarelli|first=Len|title=Colts ready to put disappointing end behind them|url=http://sports.espn.go.com/nfl/columns/story?columnist=pasquarelli_len&id=2323106|publisher=[[ESPN]]|accessdate=July 4, 2012}}</ref>

Indianapolis entered the [[2006 Indianapolis Colts season|2006 season]] with a veteran quarterback, receivers, and defenders, and chose running back [[Joseph Addai]] in the [[2006 NFL Draft|2006 draft]].<ref>{{cite web|title=2006 NFL Draft History – Round 1|url=http://www.mynfldraft.com/2006|publisher=MyNFLDraft.com|accessdate=July 4, 2012}}</ref> As in the previous season, the Colts began the season undefeated and went 9–0 before losing their first game against the [[2006 Dallas Cowboys season|Dallas Cowboys]]. Indianapolis finished the season with a 12–4 record and entered the playoffs for the fifth consecutive year, this time as the number three seed in the AFC. The Colts won their first two [[2006–07 NFL playoffs|playoff]] games against the [[2006 Kansas City Chiefs season|Kansas City Chiefs]] and the [[2006 Baltimore Ravens season|Baltimore Ravens]] to return to the AFC Championship Game for the first time since the 2003 playoffs, where they faced their rivals, the [[2006 New England Patriots season|New England Patriots]]. In a classic game,<ref>{{cite web|title=Games of the Decade – Getting rid of the monkey|url=http://sports.espn.go.com/espn/page2/story?page=games/decade/2006afcchampionship|publisher=[[ESPN]]|accessdate=July 4, 2012}}</ref> the Colts overcame a 21–3 first half deficit to win the game 38–34 and earned a trip to [[Super Bowl XLI]], the franchise's first [[Super Bowl]] appearance since [[Super Bowl V|1970]] and for the first as Indianapolis. The Colts faced the [[2006 Chicago Bears season|Chicago Bears]] in the Super Bowl, winning the game 29–17 and giving Manning, Polian, Irsay, and Dungy, as well as the city of Indianapolis, their first Super Bowl title.<ref>{{cite web|title=Super Bowl XLI|url=http://sports.espn.go.com/nfl/playoffs06/series?series=indchi|publisher=[[ESPN]]|accessdate=July 4, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Weisman|first=Larry|title=Colts reign supreme over Bears in Super Bowl XLI|url=https://www.usatoday.com/sports/football/games/2007-02-04-super-bowl-game-story_x.htm|work=[[USA Today]]|accessdate=July 4, 2012|date=February 6, 2007}}</ref>

[[Image:20070423-6 p042307sc-0224jpg-515h.jpg|thumb|left|300px|The 2006 Indianapolis Colts honored at the [[White House]] for their Super Bowl victory.]]

Following their Super Bowl championship, the Colts compiled a 13–3 record during the [[2007 Indianapolis Colts season|2007 season]]; they lost to the [[2007 San Diego Chargers season|San Diego Chargers]] in the [[2007–08 NFL playoffs|divisional playoffs]], in what was the final game the Colts played at the RCA Dome before moving into [[Lucas Oil Stadium]] in [[2008 Indianapolis Colts season|2008]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Clayton|first=John|title=Colts unravel; all signs point to Dungy's departure|url=http://sports.espn.go.com/nfl/playoffs07/columns/story?columnist=clayton_john&id=3195151|publisher=[[ESPN]]|accessdate=July 4, 2012}}</ref> The 2008 season began with Manning being sidelined for most of the pre-season due to surgery.<ref>{{cite web|title=Manning has infected bursa sac removed from left knee|url=http://sports.espn.go.com/nfl/news/story?id=3487657|publisher=[[ESPN]]|accessdate=July 4, 2012}}</ref> Indianapolis began the season with a 3–4 record, but then won nine consecutive games to end the season at 12–4 and make in into the playoffs as a wild card team, eventually losing to the [[2008 San Diego Chargers season|Chargers]] in the wild card round. Following the season, Tony Dungy announced his retirement after seven seasons as head coach, having compiled an overall record of 92–33 with the team.<ref name="Dungy Retires/Caldwell Hired">{{cite web|title=Dungy retires after 7 seasons with Colts|url=http://sports.espn.go.com/nfl/news/story?id=3827058|publisher=[[ESPN]]|accessdate=July 4, 2012}}</ref>

[[Jim Caldwell (American football)|Jim Caldwell]] was hired as head coach of the team following Dungy, and led the team during the [[2009 Indianapolis Colts season|2009 season]].<ref name="Dungy Retires/Caldwell Hired"/> The Colts went 14–0 during the season to finish with an overall record of 14–2 after controversially benching their starters during the last two games.<ref>{{cite web|title=16–0 didn't matter|url=http://www.sportsnet.ca/football/nfl/2009/12/27/colts_lose/|publisher=SportsNet|accessdate=July 4, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Kirschner|first=Kris|title=Colts fans furious over decision to pull starters|url=http://www.wthr.com/global/story.asp?s=11737675|publisher=WTHR|accessdate=July 4, 2012|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130323195628/http://www.wthr.com/global/story.asp?s=11737675|archivedate=March 23, 2013|df=mdy-all}}</ref> The Colts for the second time in the Manning era entered the playoffs with the best record in the AFC. The Colts managed victories over the [[2009 Baltimore Ravens season|Baltimore Ravens]] and [[2009 New York Jets season|New York Jets]] to advance to [[Super Bowl XLIV]] against the [[2009 New Orleans Saints season|New Orleans Saints]],<ref>{{cite news|last=Corbett|first=Jim|title=Saints outlast Vikings in OT, will face Colts in Super Bowl|url=https://www.usatoday.com/sports/football/nfl/2010-01-24-vikings-saints_N.htm?csp=hf|work=[[USA Today]]|accessdate=July 4, 2012|date=January 25, 2010}}</ref> but lost to the Saints 31–17 to end the season in disappointment.<ref>{{cite web|title=Despite disappointment, Colts fans say they're happy for Saints|url=http://www.nfl.com/superbowl/story/09000d5d81648ed5/article/despite-disappointment-colts-fans-say-theyre-happy-for-saints|publisher=NFL.com|accessdate=July 4, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Colts to return to Indianapolis Monday afternoon|url=http://www.wthr.com/global/story.asp?s=11948910|publisher=WTHR|accessdate=July 4, 2012}}</ref>

At the completion of the 2009 season, the Colts had finished the first decade of the 2000s (2000–2009) with the most regular season wins (115) and highest winning percentage (.719) of any team in the NFL during that span.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pfref.com/tiny/9bRyc|title=Team Game Finder Query Results - Pro-Football-Reference.com|website=Pro-Football-Reference.com}}</ref>

The [[2010 Indianapolis Colts season|2010]] team compiled a 10–6 record, the first time the Colts did not win 12 games since 2002, and lost to the [[2010 New York Jets season|New York Jets]] in the wild card round of the playoffs.<ref>{{cite news|last=Bishop|first=Greg|title=Jets Narrowly Escape Manning and the Colts|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/01/09/sports/football/09jets.html|publisher=New York Times|accessdate=July 4, 2012|date=January 8, 2011}}</ref> The loss to the Jets was the last game for Peyton Manning as a Colt.

After missing the preseason, Manning was ruled out for the Colts' opening game in Houston and eventually the entire [[2011 Indianapolis Colts season|2011 season]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Peyton Manning reportedly has new surgery, out 2–3 months|url=http://nfl.si.com/2011/09/08/jim-irsay-peyton-manning-out-for-awhile/|work=[[Sports Illustrated]]|accessdate=July 4, 2012|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://archive.is/20130202164505/http://nfl.si.com/2011/09/08/jim-irsay-peyton-manning-out-for-awhile/|archivedate=February 2, 2013|df=mdy-all}}</ref> Taking over as starter was veteran quarterback [[Kerry Collins]], who had been signed to the team after dissatisfaction with backup quarterback [[Curtis Painter]] and [[Dan Orlovsky]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Kerry Collins joins Colts|url=http://espn.go.com/nfl/story/_/id/6891243/indianapolis-colts-add-kerry-collins-sources-doubt-peyton-manning-ready|publisher=[[ESPN]]|accessdate=July 4, 2012}}</ref> However, even with a veteran quarterback, the Colts lost their first 13 games and finished the season with a 2–14 record, enough to receive the first overall pick in the [[2012 NFL Draft|2012 draft]]. Immediately following the season, team president Bill Polian was fired, ending his 14-year tenure with the team. The change built the anticipation of the organization's decision regarding Manning's future with the team. The Peyton Manning era came to an end on March 8, 2012 when Jim Irsay announced that Manning was being released from the roster after 13 seasons.<ref name="Manning Released">{{cite web|title=Manning Era Over|url=http://coltsmonkey.com/its-official-peyton-mannings-career-as-a-colt-is-over/|publisher=ColtsMonkey.com|accessdate=June 13, 2012}}</ref>

===2012–present: the Andrew Luck era===
[[Image:Andrew Luck 2013.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Luck during his first playoff game against the Baltimore Ravens]]
During the 2012 off-season owner Jim Irsay hired [[Ryan Grigson]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Colts hire Ryan Grigson as new GM|url=http://espn.go.com/nfl/story/_/id/7449840/indianapolis-colts-hire-philadelphia-eagles-ryan-grigson-gm|publisher=[[ESPN]]|accessdate=July 4, 2012}}</ref> to be the General Manager. Grigson decided to let Head Coach Jim Caldwell go and [[Chuck Pagano]] was hired as the new Head Coach shortly thereafter.<ref>{{cite web|title=Colts name Chuck Pagano coach|url=http://espn.go.com/nfl/story/_/id/7503273/chuck-pagano-hired-indianapolis-colts-coach|publisher=[[ESPN]]|accessdate=July 4, 2012}}</ref> The Colts also began to release some higher paid and oft-injured veteran players, including [[Joseph Addai]], [[Dallas Clark]], and [[Gary Brackett]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Colts release five players|url=http://www.wthr.com/story/17123925/report-colts-release-lb-gary-brackett|publisher=WTHR|accessdate=July 4, 2012}}</ref> The Colts used their number one overall draft pick in 2012 to draft [[Stanford Cardinal football|Stanford Cardinal]] quarterback [[Andrew Luck]] and also drafted his teammate [[Coby Fleener]] in the second round.<ref>{{cite web|title=Colts draft Andrew Luck at No. 1|url=http://m.espn.go.com/nfl/story?storyId=7859344&ampex_cid=espnapi_partner&wjb|publisher=[[ESPN]]|accessdate=July 4, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Colts draft Fleener in round 2|url=http://www.wlfi.com/dpp/sports/colts-draft-fleener-in-round-2|publisher=WLFI|accessdate=July 4, 2012|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130605102625/http://www.wlfi.com/dpp/sports/colts-draft-fleener-in-round-2|archivedate=June 5, 2013|df=mdy-all}}</ref> The team also switched to a 3–4 defensive scheme.

With productive seasons from both Luck and veteran receiver [[Reggie Wayne]], the Colts rebounded from the 2–14 season of 2011 with a [[2012 NFL season|2012 season]] record of 11–5. The franchise, team, and fan base rallied behind Head Coach [[Chuck Pagano]] during his fight with [[leukemia]]. Clinching an unexpected playoff spot in the [[2012–13 NFL playoffs]], the 14th playoff berth for the club since [[1995 Indianapolis Colts season|1995]]. The season ended in a 24–9 playoff loss to the eventual Super Bowl Champion [[2012 Baltimore Ravens season|Baltimore Ravens]].

Two weeks into the 2013 season, the Colts traded their first round selection in the [[2014 NFL Draft]] to the [[Cleveland Browns]] for running back [[Trent Richardson]]. In Week 7, Luck led the Colts to a 39–33 win over his predecessor, [[Peyton Manning]], and the undefeated [[Denver Broncos|Broncos]]. Luck went on to lead the Colts to a 15th division championship later that season. In the first round of the [[2013–14 NFL playoffs|2013 NFL playoffs]], Andrew Luck led the Colts to a 45–44 victory over Kansas City, outscoring the Chiefs 35–13 in the second half in the 2nd biggest comeback in NFL playoff history.

During the 2014 season, Luck led the Colts to the AFC Championship game for the first time in his career after breaking the Colts' single season passing yardage record previously held by Manning.<ref>{{cite news|last=Wilson|first=Josh|title=Andrew Luck Breaks Peyton Manning's Colts Franchise Record for Single-Season Passing Yards|url=http://www.stampedeblue.com/2014/12/28/7457399/andrew-luck-breaks-peyton-mannings-colts-franchise-record-for-single|publisher=[[SB Nation]]|date=December 28, 2014|accessdate=February 3, 2017}}</ref>

After finishing 8-8 in both the [[2015 NFL season|2015]] and [[2016 NFL season|2016 seasons]] and missing the playoffs in back-to-back seasons for the first time since 1997-98, Grigson was fired as general manager. Just three of his previous 18 draft picks remained on the team at the time of his firing.<ref>{{cite news|last=Wells|first=Mike|title=Colts fire GM Ryan Grigson; Chuck Pagano to remain coach|url=http://www.espn.com/nfl/story/_/id/18525693/indianapolis-colts-fire-general-manager-ryan-grigson|publisher=ESPN|date=January 22, 2017|accessdate=January 23, 2017}}</ref> On January 30, 2017 the team hired [[Chris Ballard (American football)|Chris Ballard]], who served as the [[Kansas City Chiefs]] Director of Football Operations, to replace Grigson.<ref name="Holder, Stephen">{{cite web|title=Colts hire Chris Ballard as general manager|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/nfl/colts/2017/01/29/chris-ballard-hired-indianapolis-general-manager/97222044/|publisher=USA Today|author=Holder, Stephen|date=29 January 2017|accessdate=30 January 2017}}</ref>

On December 31, 2017, after winning the final game of the [[2017 Indianapolis Colts season|season]] and a final record of 4-12, the Colts parted ways with Pagano.

In the weeks following, after two interviews, it was widely reported that the Colts would hire [[Josh McDaniels]], offensive coordinator of the [[New England Patriots]], to replace him, after McDaniels fulfilled his obligations to the Patriots in [[Super Bowl LII]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.si.com/nfl/2018/01/28/colts-head-coach-news-update-josh-mcdaniels-patriots|title=Report: Colts Will Hire Patriots Offensive Coordinator Josh McDaniels As Head Coach|work=Sports Illustrated|first= Khadrice |last=Rollins|date= January 28, 2018|accessdate=February 6, 2018}}</ref> On February 8, 2018, the Colts announced McDaniels as their new head coach.<ref>{{cite web|first=Mike|last=Wells|url=http://www.espn.com/nfl/story/_/id/22344934/indianapolis-colts-hire-josh-mcdaniels-head-coach|title=Colts hire Josh McDaniels as head coach|work=ESPN.com|date=February 6, 2018}}</ref> Hours later, however, McDaniels rescinded his decision to be the head coach, and he returned to the Patriots.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.colts.com/news/article-1/Statement-By-The-Indianapolis-Colts-On-Head-Coach-Search/b95ea07d-188d-497c-8510-1ffa73ea6648|title=Statement By The Indianapolis Colts On Head Coach Search|work=Colts.com|date=February 6, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.espn.com/nfl/story/_/id/22349872/josh-mcdaniels-spurns-indianapolis-colts-remain-new-england-patriots|title=Sources: Josh McDaniels changes mind, will stay with Patriots and not take Colts job|date=February 6, 2018|first=Adam|last= Schefter}}</ref>

On February 11, 2018, the Colts announced [[Frank Reich]], then offensive coordinator of the [[Philadelphia Eagles]], as their new head coach.<ref>{{cite press release|title=Press Release: Indianapolis Colts Name Frank Reich Team's New Head Coach|url=http://www.colts.com/news/article-1/Press-Release-Indianapolis-Colts-Name-Frank-Reich-Teams-New-Head-Coach/96acd058-c0a9-4a11-80db-a21543f84222|publisher=Indianapolis Colts|date=February 11, 2018|accessdate=February 12, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Knoblauch|first=Austin|title=Indianapolis Colts hire Frank Reich to be next coach|url=http://www.nfl.com/news/story/0ap3000000915859/article/indianapolis-colts-hire-frank-reich-to-be-next-coach|publisher=National Football League|website=NFL.com|date=February 11, 2018|accessdate=February 12, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Wells|first=Mike|title=Eagles OC Frank Reich named new Colts coach|url=http://www.espn.com/nfl/story/_/id/22401946/frank-reich-agrees-five-year-deal-indianapolis-colts-coach|publisher=ESPN|website=ESPN.com|date=February 11, 2018|accessdate=February 11, 2018}}</ref>

==Logos and uniforms==
The Colts' helmets in 1953 were white with a blue stripe. In 1954–55 they were blue with a white stripe and a pair of horseshoes at the rear of the helmet. For 1956, the colors were reversed. white helmet, blue stripe and horseshoes at the rear. In 1957 the horseshoes moved to their current location, one on each side of the helmet. The blue jerseys have white shoulder stripes and the white jerseys have blue stripes. The team also wears white pants with blue stripes down the sides.

From 1982 through 1986, the Colts wore gray pants with their blue jerseys. The gray pants featured a horseshoe on the top of the sides with the player's number inside the horseshoe. The Colts continued to wear white pants with their white jerseys throughout this period, and in 1987, the gray pants were retired.

The Colts wore blue pants with their white jerseys for the first three games of the [[1995 NFL season|1995]] season, but then returned to white pants with both the blue and white jerseys. The team made some minor uniform adjustments before the start of the [[2004 NFL season|2004 season]], including reverting from blue to the traditional gray face masks, darkening their blue colors from a royal blue to speed blue, as well as adding two white stripes to the socks. In 2006, the stripes were removed from the socks.

In 2002, the Colts made a minor striping pattern change on their jerseys, having the stripes only on top of the shoulders then stop completely. Previously, the stripes used to go around to underneath the jersey sleeves. This was done because the Colts, like many other football teams, were beginning to manufacture the jerseys to be tighter to reduce holding calls and reduce the size of the sleeves. Although the white jerseys of the [[Minnesota Vikings]] at the time also had a similar striping pattern and continued as such (as well as the [[Throwback uniform|throwbacks]] the [[New England Patriots]] wore in the [[NFL on Thanksgiving Day|Thanksgiving game]] against the [[Detroit Lions]] in [[2002 NFL season|2002]], though the Patriots later wore the same throwbacks in [[2009 NFL season|2009]] with truncated stripes and in [[2010 NFL season|2010]] became their official [[Third jersey|alternate uniform]]), the Colts and most [[college football|college]] teams with this striping pattern did not make this adjustment.

==Lucas Oil Stadium==
{{Main|Lucas Oil Stadium}}
{{multiple image
| align = right
| direction = horizontal
| footer = Lucas Oil Stadium, home of the Indianapolis Colts.
| footer_align = center
| footer_background =
| image1 = Lucas Oil Stadium - opening.JPG
| width1 = 267
| image2 = LucasOilStadiumTheLuke.jpg
| width2 = 300
}}
After 24 years of playing at the RCA Dome, the Colts moved to their new home Lucas Oil Stadium in the fall of 2008. In December 2004, the City of Indianapolis and Jim Irsay agreed to a new stadium deal at an estimated cost of $1 billion (including the Indiana Convention Center upgrades). In a deal estimated at $122 million, Lucas Oil Products won the naming rights to the stadium for 20 years.

Lucas Oil Stadium is a seven-level stadium which seats 63,000 for football. It can be reconfigured to seat 70,000 or more for NCAA basketball and football and concerts. It covers {{convert|1800000|sqft|m2}}. The stadium features a retractable roof allowing the Colts to play home games outdoors for the first time since arriving in Indianapolis. Using [[FieldTurf]], the playing surface is roughly {{convert|25|ft|m|abbr=on}} below ground level. In addition to being larger than the RCA Dome, the new stadium features: 58 permanent concession stands, 90 portable concession stands, 13 escalators, 11 passenger elevators, 800 restrooms, high definition video displays from [[Daktronics]] and replay monitors and 142 luxury suites. The stadium also features a [[retractable roof]], with [[Electrification (rail)|electrification]] technology developed by VAHLE, Inc.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vahleinc.com/stadium-systems.html |title=Stadium Systems & Technology : Vahle Electrification |publisher=Vahleinc.com |date= |accessdate=2012-09-03}}</ref> Other than being the home of the Colts, the stadium will host games in both the Men's and Women's [[NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship|NCAA Basketball Tournament]]s and will serve as the back up host for all NCAA [[Final Four]] Tournaments. The stadium hosted the Super Bowl for the 2011 season ([[Super Bowl XLVI]]) and has a potential economic impact estimated at $286 million. Lucas Oil Stadium will also host the [[Drum Corps International]] World Championships from 2009 until 2018.

==Rivalries==

===AFC South rivalries===
As a transplant from the [[AFC East]] into the [[AFC South]] upon the realignment of the NFL's divisions in {{nfly|2002}}, the Colts merely share loose rivalries with the other three teams in its division, namely the [[Houston Texans]], [[Jacksonville Jaguars]], and [[Tennessee Titans]] (formerly the [[Houston Oilers]]). They have dominated the AFC South for much of the division's history under quarterbacks [[Peyton Manning]] and [[Andrew Luck]], but have faced competition for divisional supremacy in recent years from the Texans.

===New England Patriots===
{{Main|Colts–Patriots rivalry}}
The rivalry between the Indianapolis Colts and [[New England Patriots]] is one of the NFL's newest rivalries. The rivalry is fueled by the quarterback comparison between [[Peyton Manning]] and [[Tom Brady]]. The Patriots owned the beginning of the series, defeating the Colts in six consecutive contests including the 2003 AFC Championship game and a 2004 AFC Divisional game. The Colts won the next three matches, notching two regular season victories and a win in the 2006 AFC Championship game on the way to their win in [[Super Bowl XLI]]. On November 4, 2007 the Patriots defeated the Colts 24–20; in the next matchup on November 2, 2008, the Colts won 18–15 in a game that was one of the reasons the Patriots failed to make the playoffs; in the 2009 meeting, the Colts staged a spirited comeback to beat the Patriots 35–34; in [[2010 New England Patriots season|2010]] the Colts almost staged another comeback, pulling within 31–28 after trailing 31–14 in the fourth quarter, but fell short due to a Patriots interception of a Manning pass late in the game; it turned out to be Manning's final meeting against the Patriots as a member of the Colts. After a [[2011 Indianapolis Colts season|dismal 2011 season]] that included a 31–24 loss to the Patriots, the Colts drafted [[Andrew Luck]] and in November of [[2012 Indianapolis Colts season|2012]] the two teams met with identical 6–3 records; the Patriots erased a 14–7 gap to win 59–24. The nature of this rivalry is ironic because the Colts and Patriots were division rivals from 1970 to 2001, but it did not become prominent in league circles until after Indianapolis was relocated to the [[AFC South]]. On November 16, 2014, the New England Patriots traveled at 7–2 to play the 6–3 Colts at Lucas Oil Stadium. After a stellar four touchdown performance by New England running back Jonas Gray, the Patriots defeated the Colts 42–20. The Patriots followed up with a 45–7 defeat of the Colts in the 2014 [[AFC Championship Game]].

===Earliest rivalries===
In the years 1953–66, the Colts played in the [[Eastern and Western Conferences (NFL) 1933–69|NFL Western Conference]] (also known as division), but did not have significant rivalries with other franchises in that alignment, as they were the eastern-most team and the rest of the division included the [[Great Lakes]] franchises [[Green Bay Packers|Green Bay]], [[Detroit Lions]], [[Chicago Bears]], and after 1961, the [[Minnesota Vikings]], along with the league's two West Coast teams in [[San Francisco 49ers|San Francisco]] and [[Los Angeles Rams|Los Angeles]]. The closest team to Baltimore was the [[Washington Redskins]], but they were not in the same division and not very competitive during most years at that time.

===New York Giants===
In [[1958 NFL season|1958]], Baltimore played its first NFL Championship Game against the 10–3 [[New York Giants]]. The Giants qualified for the championship after a tie-breaking playoff against the [[Cleveland Browns]]. Having already been defeated by the Giants in the regular season, Baltimore was not favored to win, yet proceeded to [[1958 NFL Championship Game|take the title in sudden death overtime]]. The Colts then repeated the feat by posting an identical record and routing the Giants in the [[1959 NFL Championship Game|1959]] final. Up until the Colts' back-to-back titles, the Giants had been the premier club in the NFL, and continued to be post-season stalwarts the next decade, losing three straight finals. The situation was reversed by the end of the decade, with Baltimore winning the [[1968 NFL season|1968 NFL title]] and New York compiling less impressive results. In recent years, the Colts and Giants featured brothers as their starting quarterbacks ([[Peyton Manning|Peyton]] and [[Eli Manning]] respectively), leading to their occasional match-up being referred to as the "[[Manning Bowl (American football)|Manning Bowl]]".

===New York Jets===
[[Super Bowl III]] became the most famous upset in professional sports history as the [[American Football League]]'s [[1968 New York Jets season|New York Jets]] won 16–7 over the overwhelmingly favored Colts. With the merger of the AFL and NFL the Colts and Jets were placed in the new [[AFC East]]. The two teams met twice a year (interrupted in 1982 by a player strike) 1970–2001; with the move of the Colts to the [[AFC South]] the two teams' rivalry actually escalated, as they met three times in the playoffs in the South's first nine seasons of existence; the Jets crushed the Colts 41–0 in the 2002 Wild Card playoff round; the Colts then defeated the Jets 30–17 in the 2009 [[AFC Championship Game]]; but the next year in the Wild Card round the Jets pulled off another playoff upset of the Colts, winning 17–16; it was [[Peyton Manning]]'s final game with the Colts. The Jets defeated the Colts 35–9 in [[2012 Indianapolis Colts season|2012]] in [[Andrew Luck]]'s debut season; after two straight losses Luck led a 45–10 rout of the Jets in [[2016 Indianapolis Colts season|2016]].

[[Joe Namath]] and [[Johnny Unitas]] were the focal point of the rivalry at its beginning, but they did not meet for a full game until September 24, 1972. Namath erupted with six touchdowns and 496 passing yards despite only 28 throws and 15 completions. Unitas threw for 376 yards and two scores but was sacked six times as the Jets won 44–34; the game was considered one of the top ten passing duels in NFL history.<ref>{{YouTube|jDJdFsnOdNI|NFL Top 10 Quarterback Duels #4, Namath vs. Unitas}}</ref>

===Miami Dolphins===
Baltimore's post [[NFL-AFL merger]] passage to the AFC saw them thrust into a new environment with little in common with its fellow divisional teams: the [[New York Jets|Jets]], Miami Dolphins, [[Buffalo Bills]], and [[Boston Patriots]]. One angle where the two clubs did have something in common, however, lay in new Miami coach [[Don Shula]]. Shula had coached the Colts the previous seven pre-merger seasons (1963–9) and was signed by [[Joe Robbie]] after the merger was consummated; because the signing came after the merger the NFL's rules on [[tampering (sport)|tampering]] came into play, and the Dolphins had to give up their first-round pick to the Colts.

Powered by QB [[Earl Morrall]] Baltimore was the first non-AFL franchise to win a division title in the conference, outlasting the Miami Dolphins by one game, and leading the division since Week 3 of [[1970 NFL season|1970]]. The two franchises were denied a playoff confrontation by Miami's first-round defeat to the [[Oakland Raiders]], whereas Baltimore won its first Super Bowl title that year.

Yet in 1971, the teams were engaged in a heated race that went down to the final week of the season, where Miami won its first division title with a 10–3–1 title compared to the 10–4 Baltimore record after the Colts won the Week 13 matchup between them at home, but proceeded to lose the last game of the season to Boston. In the playoffs Baltimore advanced to the AFC title game after a 20–3 rout of the Cleveland Browns, whereas Miami survived a double-overtime nailbiter against the [[Kansas City Chiefs]]. This set up a title game that was favored for the defending league champion Colts. Yet Miami won the AFC championship with a 21–0 shutout and advanced to lose [[Super Bowl VI]] to Dallas. In 1975 Baltimore and Miami tied with 10–4 records, yet the Colts advanced to the playoffs based on a head-to-head sweep of their series. In 1977 Baltimore tied for first for the third straight year (in 1976 they tied with the now-New England Patriots) with Miami, and this time advanced to the playoffs on even slimmer pretenses, with a conference record of 9–3 compared to Miami's 8–4, as they had split the season series. The rivalry in the following years was virtually negated by very poor play of the Colts; the Colts won just 117 games in the twenty-one seasons (1978–98) that bracketed their 1977 playoff loss to the [[1977 Oakland Raiders season|Oakland Raiders]] and the 1999 trade of star running back [[Marshall Faulk]]; this included a 0–8–1 record during the NFL's strike shortened 1982 season.

In 1995, now as Indianapolis, the two both posted borderline 9–7 records to tie for second against [[1995 Buffalo Bills season|Buffalo]], yet the Colts once again reached the post-season having swept the season series. The following season they edged out Miami by posting a 9–7 record and winning the ordinarily meaningless 3rd-place position, but qualifying for the wild card. The two clubs' [[1999 Miami Dolphins season|1999]] [[1999 Indianapolis Colts season|meetings]] were dramatic affairs between [[Pro Football Hall of Fame|Hall Of Fame-bound]] [[Dan Marino]] and up-and-coming star [[Peyton Manning]]. Marino led a 25-point fourth quarter comeback for a 34–31 Dolphins win at the [[RCA Dome]], and then in [[Joe Robbie Stadium|Miami]] Marino led another comeback to tie the game 34–34 with 36 seconds remaining; Manning, however, drove the Colts in range for a 53-yard field goal as time expired (37–34 Colts win).

The last truly meaningful matchup between the two franchises was in the 2000 season, when Miami edged out Indianapolis with an 11–5 record for the division championship. The two then met in the wild-card round where the Dolphins won 23–17 before [[2000 Oakland Raiders season|being blown out by Oakland 27–0]] (the Colts themselves had suffered a bitter loss to the Raiders in Week 2 of the season when the Raiders erased a 24–7 gap to win 38–31). In [[2002 Indianapolis Colts season|2002 the Colts]] moved to the newly created [[AFC South]] division; the two clubs met at the [[RCA Dome]] on September 15 where the Dolphins edged the Colts 21–13 after stopping a late Colts drive. The rivalry was effectively retired after this; the two clubs did meet in a memorable ''[[Monday Night Football]]'' matchup in 2009 where the Colts, despite having the ball for only 15 minutes, defeated the Dolphins 27–23.

The rivalry saw a rekindling after the [[2012 NFL Draft]] brought new quarterbacks to both teams in [[Ryan Tannehill]] and Luck. The two met during the 2012 season with Luck breaking the rookie record for passing yards in a game in a 23–20 win over the Dolphins, but Tannehill and the Dolphins beat the Colts 24–20 the next season. The Dolphins win began a slump for Luck and the Colts against [[AFC East]] teams (eight straight losses by the Colts) that ended in December 2016 against the [[2016 New York Jets season|Jets]], when they defeated them by a score of 41-10.

==Players==

===Current roster===
{{Indianapolis Colts roster}}

===Retired numbers===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
| colspan="4" style="{{NFLPrimaryStyle|Indianapolis Colts}};"|'''Indianapolis Colts retired numbers'''
|-
! width=40px style="{{NFLPrimaryStyle|Indianapolis Colts}};"|No.
! width=150px style="{{NFLPrimaryStyle|Indianapolis Colts}};"|Player
! width=40px style="{{NFLPrimaryStyle|Indianapolis Colts}};"|Position
! width=100px style="{{NFLPrimaryStyle|Indianapolis Colts}};"|Years played
|-
| '''18'''<ref>{{cite web|last1=Jhabvala|first1=Nicki|title=Colts to construct Peyton Manning statue, retire No. 18 jersey – The Denver Post|url=http://www.denverpost.com/2016/03/18/colts-to-construct-peyton-manning-statue-retire-no-18-jersey/|website=The Denver Post|accessdate=January 2, 2017|date=March 18, 2016}}</ref> || [[Peyton Manning]] || [[Quarterback|QB]] || 1998–2011
|-
| '''19''' || [[Johnny Unitas]] || [[Quarterback|QB]] || 1956–1972
|-
| '''22''' || [[Buddy Young]] || [[Running back|RB]] || 1953–1955
|-
| '''24''' || [[Lenny Moore]] || [[Halfback (American football)|HB]] || 1956–1967
|-
| '''70''' || [[Art Donovan]] || [[Defensive tackle|DT]] || 1953–1961
|-
| '''77''' || [[Jim Parker (American football)|Jim Parker]] || [[Offensive lineman|OL]] || 1957–1967
|-
| '''82''' || [[Raymond Berry]] || [[Wide receiver|WR]] || 1955–1967
|-
| '''89''' || [[Gino Marchetti]] || [[Defensive end|DE]] || 1953–1966
|-
|}

===Pro Football Hall of Famers===
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="10" style={{NFLPrimaryStyle|Indianapolis Colts}};"|Baltimore/Indianapolis Colts Hall of Famers
|-
! colspan="10" style="{{NFLPrimaryStyle|Indianapolis Colts}};"|Players
|-
! No.
! Name
! Positions
! Seasons
! style="border-right:3px solid #002C5F"|Inducted
! No.
! Name
! Positions
! Seasons
! Inducted
|-
| 82 || [[Raymond Berry]] || [[Wide receiver|WR]] || 1955–1967 || style="border-right:3px solid #002C5F"|1973 || 96 || [[Richard Dent]] || [[Defensive end|DE]] || 1996 || 2011
|-
| 29 || [[Eric Dickerson]] || [[Running back|RB]] || 1987–1991 || style="border-right:3px solid #002C5F"|1999 || 70 || [[Art Donovan]] || [[Defensive tackle|DT]] || 1953–1961 || 1968
|-
| 28 || [[Marshall Faulk]] || [[Running back|RB]] || 1994–98 || style="border-right:3px solid #002C5F"|2011 || 88 || [[Marvin Harrison]] || [[Wide receiver|WR]] || 1996–2008 || 2016
|-
| 83 || [[Ted Hendricks]] || [[Linebacker|LB]] || 1969–1973 || style="border-right:3px solid #002C5F"|1990 || 88 || [[John Mackey (American football)|John Mackey]] || [[Tight end|TE]] || 1963–1971 || 1992
|-
| 89 || [[Gino Marchetti]] || [[Defensive end|DE]] || 1953–1964 1966 || style="border-right:3px solid #002C5F"|1972 || 24 || [[Lenny Moore]] || [[Halfback (American football)|HB]] || 1956–1967 || 1975
|-
| 77 || [[Jim Parker (American football)|Jim Parker]] || [[Offensive lineman|OL]] || 1957–1967 || style="border-right:3px solid #002C5F"|1973 || 34 || [[Joe Perry (American football)|Joe Perry]] || [[Fullback (gridiron football)|FB]] || 1961–1962 || 1969
|-
| 19 || [[Johnny Unitas]] || [[Quarterback|QB]] || 1956–1972 || style="border-right:3px solid #002C5F"|1979 || || || || ||
|-
! colspan="10" style="{{NFLPrimaryStyle|Indianapolis Colts}};"|Coaches and executives
|-
! colspan="2"|Name
! Positions
! Tenure
! Inducted
! colspan="5"|Notes
|- align=center
| colspan="2"|[[Weeb Ewbank]] || Coach || 1954–1962 || 1978 || colspan="5"|
|- align=center
| colspan="2"|[[Mike McCormack (American football)|Mike McCormack]] || Coach || 1980–1981 || 1984 || colspan="5"|Inducted for playing Offensive tackle
|- align=center
| colspan="2"|[[Don Shula]] || Coach || 1963–1969 || 1997 || colspan="5"|Shula was also a defensive back for Baltimore (1953–1956)
|- align=center
| colspan="2"|[[Bill Polian]] || President/GM || 1998–2011 || 2015 || colspan="5"|
|- align=center
| colspan="2"|[[Tony Dungy]] || Coach || 2002–2008 || 2016 || colspan="5"|
|}

==Ring of Honor==
{{Main|Indianapolis Colts Ring of Honor}}
The [[Indianapolis Colts Ring of Honor|Ring of Honor]] was established on September 23, 1996. There have been 13 inductees.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|-
| colspan="5" style="{{NFLPrimaryStyle|Indianapolis Colts}};"|'''Indianapolis Colts Ring of Honor'''
|-
| style="{{NFLAltPrimaryStyle|Indianapolis Colts}};"|'''N°'''
| style="{{NFLAltPrimaryStyle|Indianapolis Colts}};"|'''Name'''
| style="{{NFLAltPrimaryStyle|Indianapolis Colts}};"|'''Position '''
| style="{{NFLAltPrimaryStyle|Indianapolis Colts}};"|'''Years With Club'''
| style="{{NFLAltPrimaryStyle|Indianapolis Colts}};"|'''Inducted'''
|-
| — ||[[Robert Irsay]] || Owner || 1972–1997 || 1996 <ref>{{cite web|title=Year-by-year highlights|url=http://www.colts.com/team/history/history-highlights.html|publisher=Indianapolis Colts|accessdate=February 3, 2017}}</ref>
|-
| 80 || [[Bill Brooks (American football)|Bill Brooks]] || WR || 1986–1992 || 1998 <ref>{{cite news|last=Kelley|first=Craig|title=COLTS.COM FLASHBACK: BILL BROOKS|url=http://www.colts.com/news/article-1/COLTSCOM-FLASHBACK--BILL-BROOKS/4349425d-9b4b-4361-82dc-aa8ed0d39b08|publisher=Indianapolis Colts|date=July 9, 2012|accessdate=July 10, 2012}}</ref>
|-
| — || [[Ted Marchibroda]] || Head Coach || 1975–1979 1992–1995 || 2000 <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.footballcardgallery.com/player/Ted+Marchibroda/|title=Ted Marchibroda Football Cards - Vintage Football Card Gallery|website=www.footballcardgallery.com}}</ref>
|-
| 75 || [[Chris Hinton]] || OT, OG || 1983–1989 || 2001 <ref>{{cite news|last=Kelley|first=Craig|title=COLTS.COM FLASHBACK: CHRIS HINTON|url=http://www.colts.com/news/article-1/COLTSCOM-FLASHBACK--CHRIS-HINTON/80f60ebd-db53-495f-965b-bbaf9b9d958c|publisher=Indianapolis Colts|date=July 16, 2012|accessdate=July 17, 2012}}</ref>
|-
| 4 || [[Jim Harbaugh]] || QB || 1994–1997 || 2005 <ref>{{cite web|url=http://usdtoreros.cstv.com/sports/m-footbl/mtt/harbaugh_jim00.html|title=usdtoreros.com Jim Harbaugh Bio - University of San Diego Official Athletic Site University of San Diego Official Athletic Site - Football|publisher=}}</ref>
|-
| — || [[12th man (football)|12th Man]] || Fans || — || 2007
|-
| — || [[Tony Dungy]] || Head Coach || 2002–2008 || 2010
|-
| 88 || [[Marvin Harrison]] || WR || 1996–2008 || 2011
|-
| 32 || [[Edgerrin James]] || RB || 1999–2005 || 2012 <ref>{{cite news|last=Kelley|first=Craig|title=JAMES TO JOIN COLTS RING OF HONOR|url=http://www.colts.com/news/article-1/JAMES-TO-JOIN-COLTS-RING-OF-HONOR/f1a41e44-806c-4091-9929-7cd28d91310c|publisher=Indianapolis Colts|date=July 24, 2012|accessdate=July 25, 2012}}</ref>
|-
| 29 || [[Eric Dickerson]] || RB || 1987–1991 || rowspan=2|2013 <ref name="colts.com">{{cite news|last=Kelley|first=Craig|title=Dickerson, Faulk To Join Colts Ring of Honor|url=http://www.colts.com/news/article-1/Dickerson-Faulk-To-Join-Colts-Ring-of-Honor/27256026-ff2b-4d42-98b5-05fe5ac01385|publisher=Indianapolis Colts|date=October 8, 2013|accessdate=October 9, 2013}}</ref>
|-
| 28 || [[Marshall Faulk]] || RB || 1994–1998
|-
| 63 || [[Jeff Saturday]] || C || 1999–2011 || 2015<ref>{{cite news|last=Woods|first=David|title=Colts to induct Jeff Saturday into Ring of Honor|url=http://www.indystar.com/story/sports/nfl/colts/2015/07/14/indianapolis-colts-induct-jeff-saturday--ring--honor/30136215/|newspaper=[[The Indianapolis Star]]|date=July 14, 2015|accessdate=July 15, 2015}}</ref>
|-
| — || [[Bill Polian]] || President/GM || 1998–2011 || rowspan=2|2017 <ref>{{cite news|last=Bowen|first=Kevin|title=Colts To Induct Bill Polian Into Ring Of Honor|url=http://www.colts.com/news/article-1/Colts-To-Induct-Bill-Polian-Into-Ring-Of-Honor-/6c60b260-4153-4e46-80b2-449c8aa8f44f|publisher=Indianapolis Colts|date=June 20, 2016|accessdate=June 21, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indystar.com/story/sports/nfl/colts/2017/05/09/colts-announce-plans-honor-peyton-manning/314748001/|title=Colts announce date Peyton Manning statue will be unveiled|publisher=}}</ref>
|-
| 18 || [[Peyton Manning]] || QB || 1998–2011
|-
| 87 || [[Reggie Wayne]] || WR || 2001–2014 || 2018
|}

===First-round draft picks===
{{Main|List of Indianapolis Colts first-round draft picks}}
{{ColtsFirstPick}}

==Coaches==

===Head coaches===
{{Main|List of Indianapolis Colts head coaches}}

===Current staff===
{{Indianapolis Colts staff}}

==Statistics and records==

===Season-by-season record===
This is a partial list of the Colts' last five completed seasons. For the full season-by-season franchise results, see [[List of Indianapolis Colts seasons]].

'''''Note:''' The Finish, Wins, Losses, and Ties columns list regular season results and exclude any postseason play.''
{| class="wikitable"
|-
| style="background:#fcc;"|'''[[List of Super Bowl champions|Super Bowl champions]]''' (1970–present)
| style="background:#dfd;"|'''Conference champions'''
| style="background:#d0e7ff;"|'''Division champions'''
| style="background:#96cdcd;"|'''Wild Card berth'''
|}

As of December 31, 2017

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%; text-align:center;"
|-
! rowspan="2" style="{{NFLPrimaryStyle|Indianapolis Colts}};"|Season
! rowspan="2" style="{{NFLPrimaryStyle|Indianapolis Colts}};"|Team
! rowspan="2" style="{{NFLPrimaryStyle|Indianapolis Colts}};"|League
! rowspan="2" style="{{NFLPrimaryStyle|Indianapolis Colts}};"|Conference
! rowspan="2" style="{{NFLPrimaryStyle|Indianapolis Colts}};"|Division
! colspan="4" style="{{NFLPrimaryStyle|Indianapolis Colts}};"|Regular season
! rowspan="2" style="{{NFLPrimaryStyle|Indianapolis Colts}};"|Postseason results
! rowspan="2" style="{{NFLPrimaryStyle|Indianapolis Colts}};"|Awards
|-
! style="{{NFLPrimaryStyle|Indianapolis Colts}};"|Finish
! style="{{NFLPrimaryStyle|Indianapolis Colts}};"|Wins
! style="{{NFLPrimaryStyle|Indianapolis Colts}};"|Losses
! style="{{NFLPrimaryStyle|Indianapolis Colts}};"|Ties
|-
! {{NFL Year|2013}} || [[2013 Indianapolis Colts season|2013]]
| NFL || AFC || style="background:#d0e7ff;"|South || style="background:#d0e7ff;"|1st || 11 || 5 || 0 || '''Won''' [[2013–14 NFL playoffs#AFC: Indianapolis Colts 45, Kansas City Chiefs 44|Wild Card Playoffs]] ([[2014 Kansas City Chiefs season|Chiefs]]) 45–44 Lost [[2013–14 NFL playoffs#AFC: New England Patriots 43, Indianapolis Colts 22|Divisional Playoffs]] ([[2012 New England Patriots season|Patriots]]) 43–22 || —
|-
! {{NFL Year|2014}} || [[2014 Indianapolis Colts season|2014]]
| NFL || AFC || style="background:#d0e7ff;"|South || style="background:#d0e7ff;"|1st || 11 || 5 || 0 || '''Won''' [[2014–15 NFL playoffs|Wild Card Playoffs]] ([[2014 Cincinnati Bengals season|Bengals]]) 26–10 '''Won''' [[2014–15 NFL playoffs|Divisional Playoffs]] ([[2014 Denver Broncos season|Broncos]]) 24–13 Lost [[2014–15 NFL playoffs|Conference Championship]] ([[2014 New England Patriots season|Patriots]]) 45–7 || —
|-
! {{NFL Year|2015}} || [[2015 Indianapolis Colts season|2015]]
| NFL || AFC || South || 2nd || 8 || 8 || 0 || — || —
|-
! {{NFL Year|2016}} || [[2016 Indianapolis Colts season|2016]]
| NFL || AFC || South || 3rd || 8 || 8 || 0 || — || —
|-
! {{NFL Year|2017}} || [[2017 Indianapolis Colts season|2017]]
| NFL || AFC || South || 3rd || 4 || 12 || 0 || — || —
|}

===Records===
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="5" style="{{NFLPrimaryStyle|Indianapolis Colts}};"|All-time Colts leaders
|-
! style="{{NFLAltPrimaryStyle|Indianapolis Colts}};"|Leader || style="{{NFLAltPrimaryStyle|Indianapolis Colts}};"|Player || style="{{NFLAltPrimaryStyle|Indianapolis Colts}};"|Record || style="{{NFLAltPrimaryStyle|Indianapolis Colts}};"|Years with Colts
|-
| Passing || [[Peyton Manning]] || 54,828 passing yards || 1998–2011
|-
| Rushing || [[Edgerrin James]] || 9,226 rushing yards || 1999–2005
|-
| Receiving || [[Marvin Harrison]] || 14,580 receiving yards || 1996–2008
|-
| Coaching wins || [[Tony Dungy]] || 85 wins || 2002–2008
|-
| Sacks || [[Robert Mathis]] || 118 sacks || 2003–2016
|-
| Interceptions || [[Bobby Boyd]] || 57 interceptions || 1960–1968
|}

==Radio and television coverage==
The Colts' flagship radio station since relocating from [[History of Baltimore|Baltimore]] in 1984 to 1998 and again starting in the [[2007 NFL season|2007 season]] is [[WIBC (FM)|WIBC]] 1070 AM (later renamed [[WFNI]] as of December 26, 2007); under the new contract, games are also simulcast on [[WLHK]] at 97.1 FM. From 1998 through 2006, the Colts' flagship radio station was [[WFBQ]] at 94.7 FM (with additional programming on station [[WNDE]] at 1260 AM). [[Bob Lamey]] was the team's [[play-by-play]] announcer, holding that title from 1984 to 1991 and again from 1995 to 2018.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.espn.com/nfl/story/_/id/24446577/long-indianapolis-colts-voice-bob-lamey-retired-using-slur|title=Colts longtime announcer Bob Lamey retired after using racial slur in off-the-air conversation|publisher=espn.com|author=AP Newswire|date=2018-08-22|accessdate=2018-08-22}}</ref> Former Colts [[offensive lineman]], [[Will Wolford]] serves as the "color commentator". [[Ted Marchibroda]], who had been the head coach of the Colts in both Baltimore and Indianapolis and who served as color commentator from 1999 to 2006, is now an analyst on the Colts pre-game show. Mike Jansen serves as the public address announcer at all Colts home games. Jansen has been the public address announcer since the 1998 season.

Until 2011, [[WTTV]] (channel 4/29) carried the team's preseason games, when [[WNDY-TV]] (channel 23) began to carry them as part of an agreement with sister station [[WISH-TV]] (channel 8) to become the team's official station; WISH had carried most of the team's games through the [[NFL on CBS]] since the 1998 season. [[Indiana Hoosiers|Indiana University's "Hoosiers"]] announcer Don Fischer provides play-by-play. ''[[Monday Night Football]]'' broadcasts are usually carried by [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]] affiliate [[WRTV]] (channel 6).

The team's carriage rights were shaken up in mid-2014 when WTTV's owner [[Tribune Media]] came to terms with [[CBS]] to become the network's Indianapolis affiliate as of January 1, 2015, leaving WISH with the market's affiliation with [[The CW]]. With the deal, both Tribune Media stations, including [[WXIN]] (channel 59) will carry the bulk of the team's regular season games starting with the [[2015 NFL season]] (WXIN will carry a minimum of two home games against NFC opponents under the [[Fox NFL|NFL on Fox]] deal, along with flex-scheduled Sunday games no matter the division matchup), with the team's Wild Card playoff game against the [[Cincinnati Bengals]] on January 4, 2015 on WTTV rather than new [[The CW|CW]] affiliate WISH. Also as of the 2015 season, WTTV and WXIN became the official Colts stations and air the team's preseason games, along with official team programming and coach's shows, and have a signage presence along the fascia of Lucas Oil Stadium.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.tvnewscheck.com/article/81868/wxinwttv-to-carry-indianapolis-colts|title=WXIN-WTTV To Carry Indianapolis Colts|author=Staff Report|date=29 December 2014|work=TVNewsCheck|accessdate=30 December 2014}}</ref>

===Radio station affiliates===
[[File:Indianapolis Colts radio affiliates.png|thumb|Map of radio affiliates]]
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!style="{{NFLPrimaryColor|Indianapolis Colts}}; {{NFLSecondaryColor|Indianapolis Colts}};" |City !! style="{{NFLPrimaryColor|Indianapolis Colts}}; {{NFLSecondaryColor|Indianapolis Colts}};" |Call Sign !! style="{{NFLPrimaryColor|Indianapolis Colts}}; {{NFLSecondaryColor|Indianapolis Colts}};" |Frenquency
|-
| [[Lafayette, Indiana]] || [[WASK-FM]] || 98.7 FM
|-
| [[Santa Claus, Indiana]] || [[WAXL]]-FM || 103.3 FM
|-
| [[Bedford, Indiana]] || [[WBIW]]-AM || 1340 AM
|-
| [[Bardstown, Kentucky]] || [[WBRT]]-AM || 1320 AM
|-
| [[Effingham, Illinois]] || [[WCRA]]-AM || 1090 AM
|-
| [[Danville, Illinois]] || [[WDAN]]-AM || 1490 AM
|-
| [[Decatur, Illinois]] || [[WDZQ]]-FM || 95.1 FM
|-
| [[Michigan City, Indiana]] || [[WEFM (FM)|WEFM]]-FM || 95.9 FM
|-
| rowspan=2|[[Indianapolis, Indiana]] || [[WFNI]]-AM || 1070 AM
|-
| [[WLHK]]-FM || 97.1 FM
|-
| [[Evansville, Indiana]] || [[WGBF (AM)|WGBF]]-AM || 1280 AM
|-
| [[Henderson, Kentucky]] || [[WGBF-FM]] || 103.1 FM
|-
| [[Bloomington, Indiana]] || [[WGCL (AM)|WGCL]]-AM || 1370 AM
|-
| [[Oxford, Indiana]] || [[WIBN]]-FM || 98.1 FM
|-
| [[Rushville, Indiana]] || [[WIFE-FM]] || 94.3 FM
|-
| [[Crawfordsville, Indiana]] || [[WIMC]]-FM || 103.9 FM
|-
| [[North Vernon, Indiana]] || [[WJCP]]-AM || 1460 AM
|-
| [[Wabash, Indiana]] || [[WJOT-FM]] || 105.9 FM
|-
| [[Richmond, Indiana]] || [[WKBV]]-AM || 1490 AM
|-
| [[Warsaw, Indiana]] || [[WAOR]] || 102.7 FM
|-
| [[Angola, Indiana]] || [[WLKI]]-FM || 100.3 FM
|-
| [[Eminence, Kentucky]] || [[WKYI (AM)|WKYI]] || 1600 AM
|-
| [[Alexandria, Indiana]] || [[WMXQ]]-FM || 96.7 FM
|-
| [[Marion, Indiana]] || [[WMRI]]-AM || 860 AM
|-
| [[Monticello, Indiana]] || [[WMRS]]-FM || 107.7 FM
|-
| [[Louisville, Kentucky]] || [[WLRS (AM)|WLRS]] || 1570 AM
|-
| [[Sullivan, Indiana]] || [[WNDI-FM]] || 95.3 FM
|-
| [[Madison, Indiana]] || [[WORX-FM]] || 96.7 FM
|-
| rowspan=2|[[Fort Wayne, Indiana]] || [[WOWO (AM)|WOWO]]-AM || 1190 AM
|-
| [[WFWI]] || 92.3 FM
|-
| rowspan=2|[[Portland, Indiana]] || [[WPGW (AM)|WPGW]]-AM || 1440 AM
|-
| [[WZBD]]-FM || 92.7 FM
|-
| [[Greencastle, Indiana]] || [[WREB]]-FM || 94.3 FM
|-
| [[Rochester, Indiana]] || [[WROI]]-FM || 92.1 FM
|-
| [[Warsaw, Indiana]] || [[WRSW (AM)|WRSW]]-AM || 1480 AM
|-
| [[Columbus, Indiana]] || [[WRZQ]]-FM || 107.3 FM
|-
| [[Loogootee, Indiana]] || [[WRZR]]-FM || 94.5 FM
|-
| [[South Bend, Indiana]] || [[WYET]] || 102.3 FM
|-
| [[Goshen, Indiana]] || [[WYXX]] || 97.7 FM
|-
| [[Plymouth, Indiana]] || [[WTCA]]-AM || 1050 AM
|-
| [[Tell City, Indiana]] || [[WTCJ]] || 1230 AM
|-
| [[Owensboro, Kentucky]] || [[WVJS]]-AM || 1420 AM
|-
| [[Olney, Illinois]] || [[WVLN]]-AM || 740 AM
|-
| [[Washington, Indiana]] || [[WWBL]]-FM || 106.5 FM
|-
| [[Terre Haute, Indiana]] || [[WZJK]] || 105.5 FM
|-
| [[Muncie, Indiana]] || [[WXFN]]-AM || 1340 AM
|-
| [[Mount Vernon, Indiana]] || [[WYFX (FM)|WYFX]]-FM || 106.7 FM
|-
| [[Mount Carmel, Illinois]] || [[WYNG (FM)|WYNG]] || 94.9 FM
|-
| [[Vincennes, Indiana]] || [[WZDM]]-FM || 92.1 FM
|}
*[http://www.colts.com/media-center/radio-tv-broadcast/affiliates.html Indianapolis Colts Radio Affiliates]

==U.S. national anthem protest==
{{main|U.S. national anthem protests (2016–present)}}
Before the third regular season game of 2017, against the [[Cleveland Browns]], more than ten Indianapolis Colts players kneeled on one knee as opposed to the tradition of standing during the playing of "[[The Star-Spangled Banner]]", while thousands of fans booed and others posted responses to social media.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.theindychannel.com/sports/colts/colts-kneel-lock-arms-in-show-of-unity-against-donald-trumps-comments |title=Colts kneel, lock arms in show of unity against Donald Trump's comments |publisher=[[WRTV]] |date=September 24, 2017 |accessdate=October 20, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.theindychannel.com/news/you-react-colts-kneel-lock-arms-during-anthem#id0 |title=YOU REACT: COLTS KNEEL, LOCK ARMS DURING ANTHEM |publisher=[[WRTV]] |date=September 24, 2017 |accessdate=October 20, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.indystar.com/story/sports/columnists/gregg-doyel/2017/09/24/doyel-you-heard-trump-now-listen-kneeling-colts/689466001/ |title=Doyel: Colts players explain why they are kneeling for the national anthem |publisher=[[The Indianapolis Star]] |date=September 24, 2017 |accessdate=October 20, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.indystar.com/story/sports/nfl/colts/2017/09/24/social-media-reaction-colts-players-kneeling-locking-arms-during-anthem/698006001/ |title=Social media reaction to Colts players kneeling, locking arms during anthem |publisher=[[The Indianapolis Star]] |date=September 24, 2017 |accessdate=October 20, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://fox59.com/2017/09/25/video-muncie-man-burns-colts-jerseys-after-national-anthem-protest/ |title=WATCH: Indiana men burn Colts jerseys, season tickets after national anthem protest' |publisher=[[WXIN]] |date=September 25, 2017 |accessdate=October 20, 2017}}</ref> The following day, then Colts head coach [[Chuck Pagano]] commented, “I’m proud of our players and their commitment and their compassion toward the game and the [horse] shoe and each community. We are a unified group,” <ref>{{cite web |url=http://wishtv.com/2017/09/24/fans-react-to-colts-other-nfl-players-kneeling-during-anthem/ |title=Fans react to Colts, other NFL players kneeling during anthem |publisher=[[WISH-TV]] |date=September 25, 2017 |accessdate=October 20, 2017}}</ref> and former head coach, Tony Dungy was quoted saying "A group of our family got attacked, and called names ... and said they should be fired for what we feel is demonstrating our first amendment right".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.indystar.com/story/sports/2017/09/25/group-our-family-got-attacked/699162001/ |title=Tony Dungy defends protest during NFL anthem: 'A group of our family got attacked.' |publisher=[[The Indianapolis Star]] |date=September 25, 2017 |accessdate=October 20, 2017}}</ref>

Before the fourth regular season game of 2017, against the [[Seattle Seahawks]], the Colts stood during "[[The Star-Spangled Banner]]", however the entire team, including quarterback [[Andrew Luck]] locked arms in protest, instead of the customary holding of the right hand over the heart.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.sbnation.com/2017/10/1/16394142/seahawks-colts-national-anthem-protest-sunday-night-football |title=Several Seahawks players sit, Colts players link arms during national anthem for ‘Sunday Night Football’ |publisher=[[SBNation]] |date=October 1, 2017 |accessdate=October 20, 2017}}</ref><ref name="USA Today">{{cite web |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/2017/09/27/nfl-american-flag-code-and-national-anthem-etiquette-what-you-need-know/707952001/ |title=The NFL, American flag code, and National Anthem etiquette: What you need to know |publisher=[[USA Today]] |date=September 27, 2017 |accessdate=October 20, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://deadline.com/2017/10/seahawks-win-sunday-night-football-ratings-down-nfl-nbc-1202180352/ |title=Seahawks’ Blowout Win Sees ‘Sunday Night Football’ Ratings Down, Again |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]] |date=October 2, 2017 |accessdate=October 20, 2017}}</ref> Ratings for this ''[[NBC Sunday Night Football]]'' game was down five percent from the prior week's game in the same time slot.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://deadline.com/2017/10/seahawks-win-sunday-night-football-ratings-down-nfl-nbc-1202180352/ |title=Seahawks’ Blowout Win Sees ‘Sunday Night Football’ Ratings Down, Again |website=Deadline Hollywood |date=October 2, 2017 |accessdate=October 20, 2017}}</ref>

Before the fifth regular season game of 2017, against the [[San Francisco 49ers]], the entire Colts team as in the Week 4 game, stood during "[[The Star-Spangled Banner]]", however with locking of arms, instead of the customary holding of the right hand over the heart.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.indystar.com/story/news/2017/10/08/vice-president-mike-pence-leaves-colts-game-after-49-ers-players-kneel-during-anthem/744544001/ |title=Several Vice President Mike Pence leaves Colts game after 49ers players kneel during anthem |publisher=[[The Indianapolis Star]] |date=October 8, 2017 |accessdate=October 20, 2017}}</ref><ref name="USA Today"/> In addition to the Colts response, more than 20 members of the opposing team, the [[San Francisco 49ers]], kneeled for "[[The Star-Spangled Banner]]". In attendance within the stadium, was then [[Vice President of the United States]] and former [[Governor of Indiana]], [[Mike Pence]] who responded to these protests by leaving the stadium.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.foxnews.com/us/2017/10/08/vice-president-mike-pence-leaves-colts-49ers-game-after-players-reportedly-kneel.html |title=Vice President Mike Pence leaves Colts-49ers game after players kneel during anthem |publisher=[[Fox News]] |date=October 8, 2017 |accessdate=October 20, 2017}}</ref> This was a heavily attended home game for the halftime retirement of the #18 jersey of former quarterback and 3 time [[Super Bowl]] winner, [[Peyton Manning]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.indystar.com/story/sports/nfl/colts/2017/10/08/peyton-manning-i-thank-god-every-day-im-indianapolis-colt/739776001/ |title=Peyton Manning: 'I thank God every day I’m an Indianapolis Colt' |publisher=[[The Indianapolis Star]] |date=October 8, 2017 |accessdate=October 20, 2017}}</ref>

During warmups prior to the sixth regular game of the 2017 season, a ''[[Monday Night Football]]'' game between the Colts and the [[Tennessee Titans]], the Colts wore black T-shirts with the words “We will” on the front and “Stand for equality, justice, unity, respect, dialogue, opportunity” on the back for the third straight week.<ref name="ESPN">{{cite web |url=http://www.espn.com/blog/nflnation/post/_/id/252736/nfl-players-who-protested-during-national-anthem-in-week-6 |title=NFL players who protested during the national anthem in Week 6 |publisher=[[ESPN]] |date=October 16, 2017 |accessdate=October 20, 2017}}</ref> The Colts plays stood with their arms locked during the playing of "[[The Star-Spangled Banner]]" instead of the customary holding of the right hand over the heart.<ref name="ESPN"/><ref name="USA Today"/>

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}
* {{Official website}}

{{Indianapolis Colts}}
{{NFL}}
{{Indiana Sports}}
{{Portal bar|American football|National Football League|Indianapolis|Indiana}}

[[Category:Indianapolis Colts| ]]
[[Category:National Football League teams]]
[[Category:Sports clubs established in 1953]]
[[Category:1953 establishments in Maryland]]

Evan Boehm

2018-11-12T22:00:29Z

Willy3198: /* Professional career */

{{Infobox NFL player
| name = Evan Boehm
| image = Evan Boehm.JPG
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption = Boehm in the 2017 NFL preseason.
| current_team = Indianapolis Colts
| number = 67
| position = [[Guard (American and Canadian football)|Guard]]
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1993|8|19}}
| birth_place = [[Lee's Summit, Missouri]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| height_ft = 6
| height_in = 2
| weight_lbs = 309
| high_school = [[Lee's Summit West High School|Lee's Summit West]] [[Lee's Summit, Missouri|(Lee's Summit, MO)]]
| college = [[Missouri Tigers football|Missouri]]
| draftyear = 2016
| draftround = 4
| draftpick = 128
| pastteams =
* [[Arizona Cardinals]] ({{NFL Year|2016}}–{{NFL Year|2018}})
* [[Los Angeles Rams]] ({{NFL Year|2018}})*
* [[Indianapolis Colts]] ({{NFL Year|2018}}–present)
| pastteamsnote = yes
| status = Active
| highlights =
| statweek = 6
| statseason = 2018
| statlabel1 = Games played
| statvalue1 = 32
| statlabel2 = Games started
| statvalue2 = 9
| nflnew = evanboehm/2555181
}}

'''Evan Boehm''' (born August 19, 1993) is an [[American football]] [[Guard (American and Canadian football)|guard]] for the [[Indianapolis Colts]] of the [[National Football League]] (NFL). He played [[college football]] at [[Missouri Tigers football|Missouri]].

==Early years==
At Missouri, Boehm was teammates with current Cardinals' teammate [[Markus Golden]] and both served as team captains for the Tigers. As a Junior in high school in 2010, Boehm was centerpiece on the [[Lee's Summit West High School]] team that won the Missouri Class 5 State Championship. As a senior in 2011, Boehm won the [[Thomas A. Simone Award]], which is given to the most outstanding high school football player in the Kansas City Metro Area. Boehm's father, Royce, was his high school head football coach.<ref name="Boehm Ready"/>

==College career==
Boehm earned a verbal scholarship from Missouri when he was in eighth grade, before he even started high school. As a starter all four years at Missouri, he set a school record with 52 consecutive starts. As a freshman, he started 12 games at left guard before starting 40 consecutive games at center in his final three years after switching positions prior to his sophomore year.<ref name="Boehm Ready">{{cite web|title=Evan Boehm Ready To Compete|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180325235003/http://www.azcardinals.com/news-and-events/article-2/Evan-Boehm-Ready-To-Compete/f3c8420d-8a95-4766-a147-d713c0fd8901|author=Odegard, Kyle|website=AZCardinals.com|date=May 5, 2016|accessdate=November 27, 2016}}</ref>

==Professional career==
===Arizona Cardinals===
Boehm was drafted by the [[Arizona Cardinals]] in the fourth round, 128th overall, in the [[2016 NFL Draft]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Cardinals take center Evan Boehm in 4th round of NFL draft|url=http://www.azcentral.com/story/sports/nfl/cardinals/2016/04/30/cardinals-take-center-evan-boehm-4th-round/83751988/|website=AZcentral.com}}</ref>

Boehm entered the 2017 season as the Cardinals starting right guard. He started the first five games before losing the starting job to [[Earl Watford]]. He then started the final three games at right guard in place of the injured Watford.

On September 2, 2018, Boehm was waived by the Cardinals.<ref>{{cite web|title=Cardinals Undergo Roster Changes, Build Practice Squad|url=https://www.azcardinals.com/news/cardinals-undergo-roster-changes-build-practice-squad|author=Urban, Darren|website=AZCardinals.com|date=September 2, 2018}}</ref>

===Los Angeles Rams===
On September 4, 2018, Boehm was signed to the [[Los Angeles Rams]]' practice squad.<ref>{{cite web|title=Rams Round Out Practice Squad with OL Evan Boehm|url=https://www.therams.com/news/rams-round-out-practice-squad-with-ol-evan-boehm|website=TheRams.com|date=September 4, 2018}}</ref>

===Indianapolis Colts===
On October 8, 2018, Boehm was signed by the [[Indianapolis Colts]] off the Rams' practice squad.<ref>{{cite web|title=Colts Place Starting Guard Matt Slauson On IR; Sign Center/Guard Evan Boehm|url=https://www.colts.com/news/colts-place-starting-guard-matt-slauson-on-ir-sign-guard-evan-boehm|author=Walker, Andrew|website=Colts.com|date=October 8, 2018}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://mutigers.com/roster.aspx?rp_id=2745 Missouri Tigers bio]

{{Cardinals2016DraftPicks}}
{{Indianapolis Colts roster navbox}}
{{Thomas A. Simone Award}}

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[[Category:1994 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Lee's Summit, Missouri]]
[[Category:American football centers]]
[[Category:Missouri Tigers football players]]
[[Category:Arizona Cardinals players]]
[[Category:Los Angeles Rams players]]
[[Category:Indianapolis Colts players]]

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