https://en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=Xbypass Wikipedia - User contributions [en] 2024-10-28T17:18:40Z User contributions MediaWiki 1.43.0-wmf.28 https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dutch_Ethical_Policy&diff=1248347454 Dutch Ethical Policy 2024-09-29T01:07:22Z <p>Xbypass: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Official policy of the colonial government of the Dutch East Indies (present-day Indonesia)}}<br /> {{EngvarB|date=March 2015}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=March 2015}}<br /> {{History of Indonesia}}<br /> The '''Dutch Ethical Policy''' ({{lang-nl|ethische politiek}}, [[Indonesian language|Indonesian]]: {{Lang|id|politik etis}}) was the official policy of the colonial government of the [[Dutch East Indies]] (present-day [[Indonesia]]) during the four decades from 1901 (under the [[Kuyper cabinet]]) until the [[Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies|Japanese occupation]] of 1942. In 1901, Dutch [[Wilhelmina of the Netherlands|Queen Wilhelmina]] announced that the [[Netherlands]] accepted an ethical responsibility for the welfare of their colonial subjects. The announcement was a sharp contrast with the former official doctrine that Indonesia was a ''win-gewest'' (region for making a profit) and also marked the start of modern [[human development (humanity)|development]] policy. Other [[colonialism|colonial powers]] talked of a [[civilising mission]], which mainly involved spreading their culture to the colonised peoples.<br /> <br /> The policy emphasised improvement in material living conditions. It suffered, however, from severe underfunding, inflated expectations, and the lack of acceptance in the Dutch colonial establishment. The policy had mostly ceased to exist by 1930, during the [[Great Depression]].&lt;ref name=&quot;CribbP225&quot;&gt;Cribb, Robert (1993). &quot;Development Policy in the Early 20th Century&quot;, in Jan-Paul Dirkse, Frans Hüsken and Mario Rutten, eds, ''Development and Social Welfare: Indonesia’s Experiences under the New Order'' (Leiden: Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde), pp. 225-245.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book | last =Ricklefs | first =M.C. | title =A History of Modern Indonesia Since c.1300 | publisher =Macmillan | date =1991 | location =London | isbn = 0-333-57690-X | page =151}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Formulation==<br /> [[File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Leerlingen van de Inlandse Landbouwschool Java TMnr 10002357.jpg|thumb|left|Students in an agricultural school for Indonesians in [[Java]] that was built during this period.]]<br /> {{see also|Cultivation System}}<br /> In 1899, the liberal Dutch lawyer [[Conrad Theodor van Deventer]] published an essay in the Dutch journal ''[[De Gids]]'' that claimed that the colonial Government had a moral responsibility to return the wealth that the Dutch had received from the East Indies to the indigenous population.<br /> <br /> The journalist [[Pieter Brooshooft]] (1845-1921),&lt;ref name=&quot;VickersP17&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Vickers |first=Adrian |title=A History of Modern Indonesia |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2005 |page=[https://archive.org/details/historyofmoderni00adri/page/17 17] |isbn=0-521-54262-6 |url=https://archive.org/details/historyofmoderni00adri/page/17}}&lt;/ref&gt; wrote about the moral duty of the Dutch to provide more for the peoples of the East Indies. With the support of socialists and concerned middle-class Dutch, he campaigned against what he saw as the unjustness of the colonial surplus. He described the Indies indigenous peoples as &quot;childlike&quot; and in need of assistance, not oppression. Newspapers were one of the few media for the East Indies to communicate to the Dutch Parliament, and as editor of the ''[[De Locomotief]]'', the largest Dutch-language newspaper in the East Indies, he published writing by [[Snouck Hurgronje]] on understanding Indonesians.<br /> <br /> Brooshooft sent reporters across the archipelago to report on local developments; they reported on poverty, crop failure, famine, and epidemics in 1900. Lawyers and politicians supportive of Brooshooft's campaigning had an audience with [[Queen Wilhelmina]] and argued that the Netherlands owed the peoples of the Indies a 'debt of honour'.&lt;ref name=&quot;VickersP17&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> In 1901, the Queen, under the advice of her prime minister of the Christian [[Anti-Revolutionary Party]], [[Abraham Kuyper]], formally declared a benevolent &quot;Ethical Policy&quot;, which was aimed at bringing progress and prosperity to the East Indies. The Dutch conquest had brought them together as a single colonial entity by the early 20th century, which was fundamental to the policy's implementation.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Vickers |first=Adrian |title=A History of Modern Indonesia |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2005 |page=[https://archive.org/details/historyofmoderni00adri/page/18 18] |isbn=0-521-54262-6 |url=https://archive.org/details/historyofmoderni00adri/page/18}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Proponents of the policy argued that financial transfers should not be made to the Netherlands if the conditions of the indigenous people on the archipelago were poor.<br /> <br /> ==Aims==<br /> Supporters of the policy were concerned about the social and cultural conditions holding back the native population. They tried to raise awareness among the natives of the need to free themselves from the fetters of the feudal system and to develop themselves along Western lines.<br /> <br /> On 17 September 1901, in her [[speech from the throne#Netherlands|speech from the throne]] before the [[States-General of the Netherlands|States-General]], the newly-crowned [[Wilhelmina of the Netherlands|Queen Wilhelmina]] formally articulated the new policy that the Dutch government had a moral obligation to the native people of the Dutch East Indies. That could be summarised in the three policies of irrigation, transmigration, and education.<br /> <br /> ===Irrigation===<br /> [[File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Waterwerken in Djember op Oost-Java TMnr 60009823.jpg|thumb|left|Irrigation waterworks in [[Jember]], [[East Java]], built ca. 1927-1929.]]<br /> The policy promoted efforts to improve a lot of the ordinary people through irrigation programmes, the introduction of banking services for the native population, and subsidies for native industries and handicrafts.<br /> <br /> ===Transmigration===<br /> The policy first introduced the concept of [[transmigration program|transmigration]] from the overpopulated [[Java (island)|Java]] to the less densely-populated areas of [[Sumatra]] and [[Kalimantan]] with government-sponsored schemes from 1905 onwards. However, the number of people moved during the period of the policy was a tiny fraction of the increase in population in Java during the same period.<br /> <br /> ===Education===<br /> [[File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Groepsportret van leerlingen van de Koning Willem III school Weltevreden schooljaar 1919-1920 TMnr 60025980.jpg|thumb|upright|Group portrait of indigenous children attending the [[King Willem III of the Netherlands|King Willem III]] School, Weltevreden, [[Batavia (Dutch East Indies)|Batavia]], 1919-1920.]]<br /> The opening of Western education to indigenous Indonesians began only in the early 20th century. In 1900, only 1,500 went to European schools compared to 13,000 Europeans. By 1928, however, 75,000 Indonesians had completed Western primary school and nearly 6,500 secondary school although that was still a tiny proportion of the population.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book | last =Vickers | first =Adrian | title =A History of Modern Indonesia | publisher =Cambridge University Press | date =2005 | url =https://archive.org/details/historyofmoderni00adri| url-access =registration | isbn = 0-521-54262-6| page =[https://archive.org/details/historyofmoderni00adri/page/40 40]}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Assessment==<br /> The policy was the first serious effort to create programmes for economic development in the tropics. It differed from the &quot;[[civilising mission]]&quot; of other colonial powers in emphasising material welfare, rather than a transfer of culture. The policy's educational component was mainly technical, as it did not aim at creating brown Dutchmen and women. The policy foundered on two problems. Firstly, the budgets allocated to the policy's programmes were never sufficient to achieve its aims, with the result that many colonial officials became disillusioned with the possibility of achieving lasting progress. The financial stringencies of the [[Great Depression]] put a definitive end to the policy. Secondly, the educational programmes of the policy contributed significantly to the Indonesian [[Romantic nationalism|National Revival]], which gave Indonesians the intellectual tools to organise and articulate their objections to colonial rule. As a result, many in the colonial establishment saw the policy as a mistake, which was counter to Dutch interests.&lt;ref name=&quot;CribbP225&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Notable supporters==<br /> * [[Willem Anthony Engelbrecht]]<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> {{portal|Indonesia}}<br /> * [[Cultivation System]]<br /> * [[Dutch East Indies]]<br /> * [[Dutch Empire]]<br /> * [[History of Indonesia]]<br /> * [[Indonesian National Revolution]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> <br /> ===Notes===<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ===General references===<br /> * [http://works.bepress.com/robert_cribb/5/ Robert Cribb 'Development policy in the early 20th century', in Jan-Paul Dirkse, Frans Hüsken and Mario Rutten, eds, ''Development and social welfare: Indonesia’s experiences under the New Order'' (Leiden: Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde, 1993), pp.&amp;nbsp;225–245.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604234543/http://works.bepress.com/robert_cribb/5/ |date=4 June 2011 }}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * [https://web.archive.org/web/20060819204606/http://teaching.fec.anu.edu.au/busn2023/Publications/Ethical%20policy.pdf Article: Ethical Policy]<br /> <br /> [[Category:Social policy of the Dutch East Indies]]<br /> [[Category:Economic history of Indonesia]]</div> Xbypass https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jambi_Malay&diff=1246177227 Jambi Malay 2024-09-17T11:44:24Z <p>Xbypass: /* Dialects */</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Language in Indonesia}}<br /> {{Infobox language<br /> | name = Jambi Malay<br /> | altname = {{hlist|{{lang|jax|bahaso Jambi}}|{{lang|jax|baso Jambi}}}}<br /> | nativename = بهاس جمبي<br /> | states = [[Indonesia]] ([[Jambi]])<br /> | region = [[Sumatra]]<br /> | ethnicity = [[Malay people|Jambi Malay]], [[Batin people|Batin]], etc.<br /> | speakers = 1 million<br /> | date = 2000 census<br /> | script = [[Latin script|Latin]] ([[Indonesian alphabet]])&lt;br&gt;[[Jawi script|Jawi]]<br /> | ref = e18<br /> | dia1 = Tanjung Jabung<br /> | dia2 = Jambi City<br /> | dia3 = Muaro Jambi<br /> | dia4 = Batanghari<br /> | dia5 = Tebo<br /> | dia6 = Bungo<br /> | dia7 = Sarolangun<br /> | dia8 = Marangin<br /> | familycolor = Austronesian<br /> | fam2 = [[Malayo-Polynesian languages|Malayo-Polynesian]]<br /> | fam3 = (disputed)<br /> | fam4 = [[Malayic languages|Malayic]]<br /> | iso3 = jax<br /> | glotto = jamb1236<br /> | glottorefname = Jambi Malay<br /> | map = Jambi Malay Language Map.svg<br /> | mapcaption = {{legend|#0080ff|Areas where Jambi Malay is a majority}}<br /> {{legend|#88c4ff|Areas where Jambi Malay is a minority}}<br /> | notice = IPA<br /> }}<br /> '''Jambi Malay''' (''bahaso Jambi'' or ''baso Jambi'', [[Jawi script|Jawi]]: بهاس جمبي), is a [[Malayic languages|Malayic language]] primarily spoken by the [[Malays (ethnic group)|Jambi Malay]] people in [[Jambi (province)|Jambi]], [[Provinces of Indonesia|Indonesia]], but also spoken by migrants who have settled in Jambi. Jambi Malay is considered as a dialect of the [[Malay language]] that is mainly spoken in Jambi, but it is also used in the southern part of [[Riau]] and the northern part of [[South Sumatra]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Wahyuni |first1=Sri |last2=Marnita |first2=Rina |last3=Usman |first3=Fajri |date=2020-10-30 |title=Makian Referen Keadaan dalam Bahasa Melayu Jambi di Muara Bungo: Kajian Sosiolinguistik |url=https://madah.kemdikbud.go.id/index.php/madah/article/view/199 |journal=MADAH |volume=11 |issue=2 |pages=131–140 |doi=10.31503/madah.v11i2.199 |issn=2580-9717}}&lt;/ref&gt; In Jambi, Jambi Malay has eight dialects, including the [[East Tanjung Jabung Regency|Tanjung Jabung]] dialect, [[Jambi (city)|Jambi City]] dialect, [[Muaro Jambi Regency|Muaro Jambi]] dialect, [[Batanghari Regency|Batanghari]] dialect, [[Tebo Regency|Tebo]] dialect, [[Bungo Regency|Bungo]] dialect, [[Sarolangun Regency|Sarolangun]] dialect, and [[Merangin Regency|Merangin]] dialect. Jambi Malay is used as a ''[[lingua franca]]'' and for interaction among the various ethnic groups in Jambi. The differences between each dialect in Jambi Malay range from about 51 to 80 percent.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Melayu – Peta Bahasa |url=https://petabahasa.kemdikbud.go.id/infobahasa2.php?idb=26&amp;idp=Jambi |access-date=2024-06-14 |website=petabahasa.kemdikbud.go.id}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Historically, the people of Jambi are part of the [[Malay world]]. This can be seen from archaeological and historical research findings, such as the discovery of charters and inscriptions like the Karang Berahi and [[Kedukan Bukit inscription]]s, which use the structure of the Malay language, commonly referred to as [[History of the Malay language|Old Malay]]. The Karang Berahi and Kedukan Bukit inscriptions were found in the upper reaches of Jambi, located on the banks of the [[Merangin River|Marangin River]], a tributary of the [[Batang Hari River]].{{sfn|Rahima et. al.|2023|p=1}} Between the 17th century and the 19th century, Jambi was part of the Malay [[Jambi Sultanate|Sultanate of Jambi]], which also encompasses parts of Riau and South Sumatra.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last1=Locher-Scholten |first1=Elsbeth |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7591/j.ctv1nhp7b |title=Sumatran Sultanate and Colonial State: Jambi and the Rise of Dutch Imperialism, 1830–1907 |last2=Jackson |first2=Beverley |date=2004 |publisher=Cornell University Press |isbn=978-0-87727-736-1 |jstor=10.7591/j.ctv1nhp7b}}&lt;/ref&gt; Due to influences from [[Javanese culture]] and cordial relations between the Jambi Sultanate and the [[Mataram Sultanate]] in the past, Jambi Malay has absorbed significant loanwords from [[Javanese language|Javanese]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Perdana |first=Aditya Bayu |date=2022-09-02 |title=A Jambi Coin with Kawi Inscription from Indonesia: Re-examination of a coin type formerly attributed to Siak |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13639811.2022.2123155 |journal=Indonesia and the Malay World |language=en |volume=50 |issue=148 |pages=358–369 |doi=10.1080/13639811.2022.2123155 |issn=1363-9811}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> == Classification ==<br /> Jambi Malay is a dialect of [[Malay language|Malay]], which is a member of the [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian]] family of languages, which includes languages from [[Taiwan]], Southeast Asia and the Pacific Ocean, with a smaller number in continental Asia. [[Malagasy language|Malagasy]], a geographic outlier spoken in [[Madagascar]] in the Indian Ocean, is also a member of this language family. Although these languages are not necessarily [[Mutual intelligibility|mutually intelligible]] to any extent, their similarities are often quite apparent. In more conservative languages like Malay, many roots have come with relatively little change from their common ancestor, [[Proto-Austronesian language]]. There are many [[cognate]]s found in the languages' words for kinship, health, body parts and common animals. Numbers, especially, show remarkable similarities.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last1=Adelaar |first1=K. Alexander |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OtWdhQ7vc6kC&amp;q=Indonesian+Malaysian+Malay+differences&amp;pg=PA71 |title=The Austronesian Languages of Asia and Madagascar |last2=Himmelmann |first2=Nikolaus |date=2013-03-07 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=9781136755095 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Jambi Malay is closely related to [[Musi language|Palembang Malay]] spoken in neighboring [[South Sumatra]], specifically in terms of phonology and vocabulary.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Sholeha |first1=Monita |last2=Hendrokumoro |date=2022-06-20 |title=Kekerabatan Bahasa Melayu Jambi dan Melayu Palembang |url=https://journal.untidar.ac.id/index.php/kabastra/article/view/41 |journal=KABASTRA: Kajian Bahasa dan Sastra |volume=1 |issue=2 |doi=10.31002/kabastra.v2i1.41 |issn=2964-5778|doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt; It is also related to [[Riau Malay]] spoken in [[Riau Province|Riau]] and the [[Riau Islands|surrounding islands]], and [[Bengkulu language|Bengkulu Malay]] spoken in [[Bengkulu Province|Bengkulu]].<br /> <br /> == Geographic distribution and usage ==<br /> Speakers of Jambi Malay are distributed throughout Jambi as well as the southern part of [[Riau]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Puspitasari |first=Arum |date=2022-12-04 |title=Bahasa dan Kebudayaan Masyarakat Melayu Jambi Masa Kesultanan Jambi |url=https://online-journal.unja.ac.id/krinok/article/view/21239 |journal=Krinok: Jurnal Pendidikan Sejarah Dan Sejarah |volume=1 |issue=3 |pages=74–82 |doi=10.22437/krinok.v1i3.21239 |issn=2829-5137|doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt; Jambi Malay is the most widely spoken language in eastern Jambi and is also partially spoken in western Jambi, where [[Kerinci language|Kerinci]] and [[Minangkabau language|Minangkabau]] dominate. Jambi Malay is the dominant language across most regencies and cities in Jambi, except for [[Kerinci Regency]] and the city of [[Sungai Penuh]] in western Jambi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt; Meanwhile, [[West Tanjung Jabung Regency|West]] and [[East Tanjung Jabung Regency]] currently lack a dominant language due to an influx of [[Transmigration program|transmigrants]] from other parts of Indonesia who speak their regional languages, such as [[Javanese language|Javanese]] and [[Buginese language|Bugis]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt; The [[Batin people]], a subgroup of the [[Minangkabau people]] living in Jambi, speaks a dialect of Jambi Malay that is heavily influenced by [[Minangkabau language|Minangkabau]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Suku Batin &amp;#124; Kebudayaan Indonesia – Referensi Utama Kebudayaan Indonesia |url=http://kebudayaanindonesia.net/id/culture/1248/suku-batin#.Un-uZVQW2BM |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131110171005/http://kebudayaanindonesia.net/id/culture/1248/suku-batin#.Un-uZVQW2BM |archive-date=2013-11-10 |access-date=2014-08-07}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> In Jambi, [[Indonesian language|Indonesian]] is the primary language used in formal situations and education, while Jambi Malay serves as the ''[[lingua franca]]'' in informal contexts. It facilitates communication among the diverse [[Ethnicity|ethnic groups]] residing in Jambi, such as the [[Javanese people|Javanese]], [[Banjar people|Banjarese]] and [[Bugis]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Kusmana |first1=Ade |last2=Saputra |first2=Murfi |last3=Izar |first3=Julisah |year=2018 |title=Pemetaan Bahasa Daerah di Provinsi Jambi |trans-title=The Mapping of Regional Languages in Jambi Province |url=https://online-journal.unja.ac.id/titian/article/view/5810 |journal=Titian: Jurnal Ilmu Humaniora |language=id |volume=2 |issue=2 |doi=10.22437/titian.v2i02.5810 |doi-broken-date=2024-07-25 |issn=2615-3440 |eissn=2597-7229}}&lt;/ref&gt; Migrants in Jambi tend to [[Code-switching|code-switch]] between Jambi Malay, [[Indonesian language|Indonesian]] and their [[Languages of Indonesia|native languages]], especially in the market.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite thesis |last=Zusandra |first=Chitra Mislina |title=Campur Kode dalam Penggunaan Bahasa Melayu Jambi di Pasar Rakyat Merlung Kabupaten Tanjung Jabung Barat |date=2024 |degree= |publisher=Universitas Jambi |url=https://repository.unja.ac.id/62045/6/CHITRA%20MISLINA%20ZUSANDRA_SKRIPSI.docx.pdf |language=id |place=Jambi}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Akhyaruddin |first1=Akhyaruddin |last2=D |first2=Yusra |last3=Harahap |first3=Eddy P |last4=P |first4=Andiopenta |last5=Yusra |first5=Hilman |date=2023-06-30 |title=Dominasi Campur Kode dalam Bahasa Melayu Jambi |trans-title=Domination of Code Mixing in Jambi Malay |url=https://sawerigading.kemdikbud.go.id/index.php/sawerigading/article/view/1179 |journal=Sawerigading |language=id |volume=29 |issue=1 |pages=137–148 |doi=10.26499/sawer.v29i1.1179 |issn=2527-8762|doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt; In addition, Jambi Malay is also spoken by Jambi diaspora living in other parts of Indonesia. Malay is the everyday language of the Jambi people, passed down by their ancestors throughout their lives. The use of Malay as a daily spoken language also impacts various fields such as history, religion, business, education, customs, traditions, architecture, literature, writing, as well as art and culture.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Based on historical evidence that has been found, such as inscriptions discovered in Jambi, [[Palembang]], and [[Bangka Island|Bangka]], it can be concluded that the Malay language, which has long been used in [[Indonesia]], especially in [[Sumatra]], was prevalent in a major influential kingdom at that time. The development of Malay was closely linked with the growth and expansion of [[Srivijaya|Srivijaya Empire]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; The rise of Malay kingdoms and [[sultanates]] such as the [[Jambi Sultanate]] also contributes to the spread of Malay in Jambi.<br /> <br /> Currently, Jambi Malay course is being taught by the [[University of Jambi]]'s Faculty of Teacher Training and Education as part of the Indonesian Language and Literature Education study program. The course description for the Jambi Malay course, as formulated by the program's curriculum development team, is: &quot;Students will appreciate cultural diversity by mastering the characteristics of Jambi Malay and applying this knowledge in various Jambi Malay cultural and literary activities.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Akhyaruddin |first1=Akhyaruddin |last2=Setyonegoro |first2=Agus |last3=Yusra |first3=Hilman |last4=Akbar |first4=Oky |date=2023-12-28 |title=Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Bahasa Melayu Jambi Berbasis Saintifik |url=https://ojs.badanbahasa.kemdikbud.go.id/jurnal/index.php/jurnal_ranah/article/view/6814 |journal=Ranah: Jurnal Kajian Bahasa |volume=12 |issue=2 |pages=417 |doi=10.26499/rnh.v12i2.6814 |issn=2579-8111|doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt; On the other hand, there have been proposals to include Jambi Malay in the elementary school curriculum throughout Jambi as part of an effort to preserve the language.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Sartika |first1=Leni |last2=Sujana |first2=Ricky |date=2022-06-01 |title=Potensi Bahasa Melayu Jambi Dialek Seberang sebagai Muatan Lokal Pembelajaran di Sekolah Dasar |journal=Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan Dan Ilmu Sosial |language=id |volume=3 |issue=2 |doi=10.38035/jmpis.v3i2 |issn=2716-375X|doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Dialects ==<br /> There are eight different dialects of Jambi Malay, including the [[East Tanjung Jabung Regency|Tanjung Jabung]] dialect, [[Jambi (city)|Jambi City]] dialect, [[Muaro Jambi Regency|Muaro Jambi]] dialect, [[Batanghari Regency|Batanghari]] dialect, [[Tebo Regency|Tebo]] dialect, [[Bungo Regency|Bungo]] dialect, [[Sarolangun Regency|Sarolangun]] dialect, and [[Merangin Regency|Merangin]] dialect.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Each dialect has its own subdialects, which may also differ from one another. Nevertheless, all of these dialects are generally mutually intelligible.<br /> <br /> The Jambi City dialect is regarded as the [[Prestige (sociolinguistics)|prestigious]] dialect of Jambi Malay due to Jambi City's historical and cultural significance as the seat of ancient Malay kingdoms and sultanates.{{sfn|Husin et. al.|1985|p=11}} Interestingly, Jambi City itself has two urban areas separated by the [[Batang Hari River]], where each area has its own sub-distincts dialect: Jambi Kota dialect and Jambi Kota Seberang dialect.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{cite thesis |title=Analisis Afiksasi dan Reduplikasi Bahasa Melayu Dialek Jambi Kota Seberang|url=https://repository.unja.ac.id/15982/|last=Ramadhani|first=Nani Fitri|trans-title=Analysis of Affixation and Reduplication in Jambi Kota Seberang Malay Language|lang=id|year=2021 |publisher=Universitas Jambi}}&lt;/ref&gt; Jambi Kota and Jambi Kota Seberang are administratively part of the city of Jambi. However, they exhibit different variations of the Malay language. For example, 'close the door' in Jambi Kota Malay is ''tutup pintu'', which is the same as in [[Indonesian language|Indonesian]], while in Jambi Kota Seberang Malay it is ''kancing lawang'', which is the same as in [[Javanese language|Javanese]]. These examples differ lexically but share similar meanings and usage. Jambi Kota and Jambi Kota Seberang differ significantly because historically, Jambi Kota Seberang served as a center of concentration for native [[Malays (ethnic group)|Malay]] inhabitants and some immigrants, while Jambi Kota served as the administrative center. Lexically, some vocabulary in the Jambi Kota Seberang dialect may not be understood by speakers of the Jambi Kota dialect.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> The Jambi Malay dialects spoken outside the city of Jambi exhibit even greater variation compared to those spoken within the city limits. These dialects differ in lexicon, phonology, and grammar. For example, words that end with the vowel &quot;a&quot; in [[Indonesian language|Indonesian]] normally become &quot;o&quot; in the Jambi Malay variety spoken in Jambi City, such as ''mata'' 'eye' → ''mato'', ''lada'' 'pepper' → ''lado'' and ''apa'' 'what' → ''apo''.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Sagimun |first=M.D |url=https://repositori.kemdikbud.go.id/12020/1/adat%20istiadat%20daerah%20jambi.pdf |title=Adat istiadat daerah Jambi |publisher=Center for Research on Society and Culture |year=1985 |location=Jakarta |pages=40 |language=id |trans-title=The customs and traditions of Jambi}}&lt;/ref&gt; However, in the Tanjung Jabung dialect, words ending with the vowel &quot;a&quot; change to &quot;e&quot;, and in some cases, the letter &quot;a&quot; changes to &quot;i&quot;, such as ''kemana'' 'go where' → ''kemine'', ''siapa'' 'who' → ''siape'' and ''apa'' 'what' → ''ape''. From a phonological perspective, the Jambi Malay dialect in [[East Tanjung Jabung Regency]] closely resembles to the Malay dialect spoken in [[Riau]] and the [[Malay Peninsula]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; Additionally, each variety may also show influences from other languages. For example, the Malay dialect spoken in [[Bungo Regency|Bungo]] and [[Tebo Regency]] is influenced by [[Minangkabau language|Minangkabau]], owing to its proximity to [[West Sumatra]] and many [[Minangkabau people|Minangkabau]] migrants inhabiting the region.{{sfn|Gani et. al.|2000|p=14}} On the other hand, the Jambi City dialect, similar to [[Palembang language|Palembang Malay]] spoken in Palembang, has strong influence from [[Javanese language|Javanese]], as Javanese was once the court language of the [[Jambi Sultanate]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Anderbeck |first=Karl Ronald |url=https://www.sil.org/system/files/reapdata/12/01/57/120157613901867865334000799270731693097/50415_AnderbeckK_Malay_dialects_Batanghari.pdf |title=Malay Dialects of the Batanghari River Basin (Jambi, Sumatra) |publisher=[[SIL International]] |year=2008 |isbn=978-155671-189-3 |issn=1934-2470}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> Below are examples of lexical differences in Jambi Malay based on each dialects:&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;<br /> !Standard Indonesian<br /> !Mudung Laut (Jambi City)<br /> !Dusun Teluk (Batanghari)<br /> !Lubuk Kepayang (Sarolangun)<br /> !Muara Siau (Merangin)<br /> !Suo Suo (Tebo)<br /> !Dusun Danau (Bungo)<br /> |-<br /> |''tangan''<br /> 'hand'<br /> |''taŋan''<br /> |''taŋan''<br /> |''taŋan''<br /> |''taŋan''<br /> |''taŋan''<br /> |''taŋan''<br /> |-<br /> |''kiri''<br /> 'left'<br /> |''kiʁi''<br /> |''kiri''<br /> |''kiʁin''<br /> |''kidaw''<br /> |''kiʁi''<br /> |''kidaw''<br /> |-<br /> |''datang''<br /> 'arrive'<br /> |''tibo''<br /> |''tibo''<br /> |''tibʊ''<br /> |''tibo''<br /> |''tibo''<br /> |''tibo''<br /> |-<br /> |''tahu''<br /> 'know'<br /> |''tau''<br /> |''səntuw''<br /> |''taum''<br /> |''tau''<br /> |''tau''<br /> |''tau, ŋ-aʁəti''<br /> |-<br /> |''darah''<br /> 'blood'<br /> |''daʁah''<br /> |''dara''<br /> |''daʁah''<br /> |''daʁah''<br /> |''daʁah''<br /> |''daʁah''<br /> |-<br /> |''tertawa''<br /> 'laugh'<br /> |''tɐtawo''<br /> |''tawo''<br /> |''gəlaʔ''<br /> |''gilaʔ''<br /> |''gəlaʔ''<br /> |''gəlaʔ''<br /> |-<br /> |''tidur''<br /> 'sleep'<br /> |''maʁiŋ''<br /> |''te̝dʊr''<br /> |''tidʊʁ''<br /> |''tiduː''<br /> |''tidʊʁ''<br /> |''tidua''<br /> |-<br /> |''anak''<br /> 'child'<br /> |''budaʔ''<br /> |''anaʔ''<br /> |''budaʔ''<br /> |''anaʔ''<br /> |''anaʔ''<br /> |''anaʔ''<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Phonology ==<br /> Like many other [[Languages of Indonesia|regional languages]] in Indonesia, there is no standardized [[Phonology|phonological]] system for Jambi Malay. On the other hand, each dialect of Jambi Malay may exhibit unique phonological features. The table below illustrates the phonology of the Jambi City dialect, which is considered the [[Prestige (sociolinguistics)|prestigious]] dialect of Jambi Malay, based on the phonological system developed by Gani et al. (2000).{{sfn|Gani et. al.|2000|p=16}}<br /> <br /> === Vowels ===<br /> Like [[Indonesian language|Indonesian]] and other [[Malayic languages]], Jambi Malay has five [[Vowel]]s, which are /i/, /e/, /a/, /o/, and /u/.{{sfn|Gani et. al.|2000|p=16}} The position of each vowel can be seen in the following diagram:<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;<br /> !<br /> ![[Front vowel|Front]]<br /> ![[Central vowel|Central]]<br /> ![[Back vowel|Back]]<br /> |-<br /> ![[Close vowel|High]]<br /> |{{IPA link|i}}<br /> |<br /> |{{IPA link|u}}<br /> |-<br /> ![[Mid vowel|Mid]]<br /> |{{IPA link|e̞|e}}<br /> |<br /> |{{IPA link|o̞|o}}<br /> |-<br /> ![[Open vowel|Low]]<br /> |<br /> |{{IPA link|a}}<br /> |<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === Diphthongs ===<br /> There are only five [[diphthong]]s in Jambi Malay, which are /ay/, /aw/, /oy/, /uo/ and /ie/.{{sfn|Gani et. al.|2000|p=21}} The table below demonstrates to whether the sequences are [[Diphthong#Closing, opening, and centering|opening or closing]] (i.e., whether they are moving towards open/low vowels or closed/high vowels). <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |<br /> ![[Open syllable]]<br /> ![[Closed syllable]]<br /> |-<br /> ![[Diphthong#Closing, opening, and centering|Opening]]<br /> |{{IPA|uo}}<br /> |'''''uo'''ndi'' 'lottery'<br /> '''''uo'''ntal'' 'throw'<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |[[Diphthong#Closing, opening, and centering|Closing]]<br /> |{{IPA|ay}}<br /> |<br /> |''dam'''ay''''' 'peace'<br /> ''gul'''ay''''' '[[gulai]]'<br /> |-<br /> |{{IPA|aw}}<br /> |<br /> |''kac'''aw''''' 'chaos'<br /> ''lamp'''aw''''' 'exceed'<br /> |-<br /> |{{IPA|oy}}<br /> |<br /> |'''''oy''''' 'hi'<br /> ''amb'''oy''''' 'wow'<br /> |-<br /> |{{IPA|ie}}<br /> |'''''ie'''njak'' 'step'<br /> '''''ie'''ntiep'' 'peek'<br /> |<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === Consonants ===<br /> In Jambi Malay, there are nineteen [[consonant]] phonemes: /p/, /b/, /t/, /d/, /{{IPA link|t͡ʃ}}/, /{{IPA link|d͡ʒ}}/, /k/, /g/, /ʔ/, /s/, /h/, /m/, /n/, /ŋ/, /ɲ/, /r/, /l/, /w/, and /y/.{{sfn|Gani et. al.|2000|p=25}}<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |<br /> ![[Bilabial consonant|Bilabial]]<br /> ![[Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]]<br /> ![[Palatal consonant|Palatal]]<br /> ![[Velar consonant|Velar]]<br /> ![[Glottal consonant|Glottal]]<br /> |-<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Nasal consonant|Nasal]]<br /> |{{IPA link|m}}<br /> |{{IPA link|n}}<br /> |{{IPA link|ɲ}}<br /> |{{IPA link|ŋ}}<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> ! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Plosive]]<br /> ![[Voice (phonetics)|voiceless]]<br /> |{{IPA link|p}}<br /> |{{IPA link|t}}<br /> |{{IPA link|t͡ʃ}}<br /> |{{IPA link|k}}<br /> |{{IPA link|ʔ}}<br /> |-<br /> ![[Voice (phonetics)|voiced]]<br /> |{{IPA link|b}}<br /> |{{IPA link|d}}<br /> |{{IPA link|d͡ʒ}}<br /> |{{IPA link|ɡ}}<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Fricative consonant|Fricative]]<br /> |<br /> |{{IPA link|s}}<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |{{IPA link|h}}<br /> |-<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Semivowel]]<br /> |{{IPA link|ɰᵝ|w}}<br /> |<br /> |{{IPA link|y|y}}<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Lateral consonant|Lateral]]<br /> |<br /> |{{IPA link|l}}<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> ! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Trill consonant|Trill]]<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |{{IPA link|r}}<br /> |<br /> |}<br /> '''Notes:'''<br /> * {{IPA|/p/}}, {{IPA|/t/}} and {{IPA|/h/}} are unreleased and become {{IPAblink|p̚}}, {{IPAblink|t̚}} and {{IPAblink|h̚}} and {{IPA|/k/}} becomes a glottal stop {{IPAblink|ʔ}} in the syllable-final position.<br /> * {{IPA|/k/}} and {{IPA|/ɡ/}} become palatal {{IPAblink|c}} and {{IPAblink|ɟ}} and {{IPA|/h/}} become velar {{IPAblink|x}} when they appear before the phoneme {{IPA|/i/}}.<br /> * In [[Indonesian orthography]], {{IPAslink|t͡ʃ}} and {{IPAslink|d͡ʒ}} are written as ⟨c⟩ and ⟨j⟩ respectively, while /ŋ/ and /ɲ/ are written as ⟨ng⟩ and ⟨ny⟩ respectively.<br /> <br /> === Stress ===<br /> [[Stress (linguistics)|Stress]] in Jambi Malay is divided into [[word stress]] and [[Stress (linguistics)|sentence stress]]. Word stress does not distinguish meaning and usually falls on the final syllable.{{sfn|Husin et. al.|1985|p=32}} For example:<br /> <br /> * /rumah/ 'house'<br /> * /ŋopi/ 'have a coffee'<br /> * /terbaka/ 'burnt'<br /> * /menjauh/ 'to move away'<br /> * /mebacoka/ 'to read for someone'<br /> * /meɲulamkan/ 'to embroider for someone'<br /> <br /> Sentence stress generally falls on the final syllable of the last word in the sentence. For example:<br /> <br /> * /maʔ tu tukaŋ cuci/ 'that woman is the washing machine repairman'<br /> * /uraŋ nan kuat tu petani/ 'farmers are the strongest man'<br /> <br /> == Grammar ==<br /> {{Main articles|Malay grammar}}<br /> Along with [[Indonesian language|Indonesian]], [[Malay language|standard Malay]], and other [[Malayic languages]], the word order in Jambi Malay is typically [[Subject–verb–object word order|subject-verb-object]] (SVO). While there are notable exceptions, the grammar structure of Jambi Malay shares many similarities with Indonesian and standard Malay.<br /> <br /> === Affixes ===<br /> Jambi Malay has a number of affixes that can join with the base word to form an affixed word. There are three types of affixes in Jambi Malay are: [[prefixes]], [[suffixes]], and [[infixes]].{{sfn|Gani et. al.|2000|p=78}} Similar to other Malayic languages, Jambi Malay words are composed of a root or a root plus derivational affixes. The root is the primary lexical unit of a word and is usually bisyllabic, of the shape CV(C)CV(C). Affixes are &quot;glued&quot; onto roots (which are either nouns or verbs) to alter or expand the primary meaning associated with a given root, effectively generating new words.<br /> <br /> ==== Prefixes ====<br /> A prefix or initial affix is an affix added to the beginning of a word. Jambi Malay has nine prefixes, namely ''pa-'' , ''paN-'' , ''ma-'' , ''maN-'' , ''ba-'' , ''sa-'' , ''ta-'' , ''di-'' , and ''ka-'' , in which the standard [[Indonesian language|Indonesian]] equivalents are ''pe-'' , ''peN-'' , ''me-'' , ''meN-'' , ''ber-'' , ''sa-'' , ''ta-'' , ''di-'' , and ''ka-'' respectively.{{sfn|Gani et. al.|2000|p=78}} In Jambi Malay, the prefix ''pa-'' functions as a noun-forming affix. In morphological processes, the prefix ''pa-'' can signify an actor, habit, or instrument. For example:<br /> <br /> * ''pa-'' + ''lari'' 'run' → '''''pa'''lari'' 'runner'<br /> * ''pa- +'' rokok 'cigarettes' → '''''pa'''rokok'' 'smoker'<br /> * ''pa-'' + ''renang'' 'swim' → '''''pa'''renang'' 'swimmer'<br /> * ''pa-'' + ''rampok'' 'rob' → '''''pa'''rampok'' 'robber'<br /> * ''pa-'' + ''rusak'' 'broken' → '''''pa'''rusak'' 'saboteur'<br /> <br /> In Jambi Malay, the prefix ''paN-'' has various forms, namely ''pam-'', ''pan-'', ''pang-'', and ''pany-''. In morphological processes, this prefix functions can signify an actor, habit, or instrument. For example:<br /> <br /> * ''paN- + bohong'' 'lie' → '''''pam'''bohong'' 'lier'<br /> * ''paN- + sakiet'' 'sick' → '''''pan'''yakiet'' 'sickness'<br /> * ''paN- + ganti'' 'replace' → '''''pan'''gganti'' 'replacer'<br /> * ''paN- + uruos'' 'handle' → '''''pan'''guruos'' 'handler'<br /> * ''paN- + kasi'' 'give' → '''''pan'''gasi'' 'giver'<br /> <br /> The prefix ''ma-'' in the morphological processes of Jambi Malay functions as a verb-forming affix and signifies 'to do' or 'to perform'. For example:<br /> <br /> * ''ma-'' + ''lapor'' 'report' → '''''ma'''lapor'' 'to report'<br /> * ''ma-'' + ''luruous'' 'straight' → '''''ma'''luruous'' 'to straighten'<br /> * ''ma-'' + ''lempar'' 'throw' → '''''ma'''lempar'' 'to throw'<br /> * ''ma-'' + ''rambat'' 'spread' → '''''ma'''rambat'' 'to spread'<br /> * ''ma-'' + ''rebuot'' 'snatch' → '''''ma'''rabuot'' 'to snatch'<br /> The prefix ''maN-'' in Jambi Malay has various forms, namely ''mam-'', ''man-'', ''mang-'' and ''many-''. In the morphological process, this prefix functions as a verb-forming element and has the meaning 'to do'. For example:<br /> <br /> * ''maN- + paku'' 'nail' → '''''ma'''mpaku'' 'to nail'<br /> * ''maN- + dapat'' 'get' → '''''ma'''ndapat'' 'to get'<br /> * ''maN- + jual'' 'sell' → '''''ma'''njual'' 'to sell'<br /> * ''maN- + keras'' 'hard' → '''''ma'''ngeras'' 'harden'<br /> * ''maN- + tulies'' 'write' → '''''ma'''nulies'' 'to write'<br /> <br /> The prefix ''ba-'' in the morphological process of Jambi Malay functions as a verbal prefix and carries the meaning 'to do or to have. The prefix ''ba-'' has one variant form, namely ''bal-''. For example:<br /> <br /> *''ba- + gawe'' 'work' → '''''ba'''gawe'' 'to have work'<br /> *''ba- + duiet'' 'money' → '''''ba'''duiet'' 'to have money'<br /> *''ba- + ajar'' 'teach' → '''''ba'''lajar'' 'to study'<br /> *''ba- + kurang'' 'less' → '''''ba'''kurang'' 'to decrease'<br /> *''ba- + laki'' 'man' → '''''ba'''laki'' 'to have husband'<br /> The prefix ''sa-'' in the morphological process of Jambi Malay functions as a noun-forming element and means 'one, whole, or same. For example:<br /> <br /> * ''sa- + karuong'' 'sack' → '''''sa'''karuong'' 'a sack'<br /> * ''sa- + ruma'' 'house' → '''''sa'''ruma'' 'whole house'<br /> * ''sa- + lamo'' 'long (time)' → '''''sa'''lamo'' 'as long as'<br /> * ''sa- + lebat'' 'dense' → '''''sa'''lebat'' 'as dense as'<br /> * ''sa- + pirieng'' 'plate' → '''''sa'''pirieng'' 'whole plate'<br /> <br /> The prefix ''ta-'' in the morphological process of Jambi Malay functions as a verb-forming element and means 'unintentionally or able to. For example:<br /> <br /> * ''ta- + tukar'' 'swap' → '''''ta'''tukar'' 'got swapped'<br /> * ''ta- + bakar'' 'burn' → '''''ta'''bakar'' 'got burnt'<br /> * ''ta- + bawak'' 'bring' → '''''ta'''bawak'' 'got brought'<br /> * ''ta- + tekan'' 'pressure' → '''''ta'''tekan'' 'got pressured'<br /> * ''ta- + lampau'' 'pass' → '''''ta'''lampau'' 'got passed'<br /> <br /> The prefix ''di-'' in the morphological process of Jambi Malay functions as a verb-forming element and means 'to perform an action'. For example:<br /> <br /> * ''di- + mbek'' 'take' → '''''di'''mbek'' 'taken'<br /> * ''di- + gambar'' 'draw' → '''''di'''gambar'' 'drawn'<br /> * ''di- + pake'' 'use' → '''''di'''pake'' 'used'<br /> * ''di- + tuja'' 'stab' → '''''di'''tuja'' 'stabbed'<br /> * ''di- + uba'' 'change' → '''''di'''uba'' 'changed'<br /> <br /> The prefix ''ka-'' in the morphological process of Jambi Malay functions as a verb-forming element. This prefix has very limited distribution. For example:<br /> <br /> * ''ka- + tawo'' 'laughter' → '''''ka'''tawo'' 'to laugh'<br /> * ''ka- + luar'' 'outside' → '''''ka'''luar'' 'to go outside'<br /> * ''ka- + dalam'' 'inside' → '''''ka'''dalam'' 'to go inside'<br /> <br /> ==== Suffixes ====<br /> In Jambi Malay, there are three different [[suffix]]es: ''-kan, -i'', and -''an'', which are very similar to standard [[Indonesian language|Indonesian]].{{sfn|Gani et. al.|2000|p=83}} The suffix ''-kan'' in the morphological process of Jambi Malay means 'commanding or emphasizing'. For example:<br /> <br /> * ''bukak'' 'open' + ''-kan → bukak'''kan''''' 'open it'<br /> * ''kosong'' 'empty' + ''-kan → kosong'''kan'''''&lt;nowiki/&gt;''' '&lt;nowiki/&gt;'''empty it'<br /> * ''kiriem'' 'send' + ''-kan → kiriem'''kan''''' 'send it'<br /> * ''bayar'' 'pay' + ''-kan → bayar'''kan''''' 'pay it'<br /> * ''kelek'' 'carry' + ''-kan → kelek'''kan''''' 'carry it'<br /> <br /> The suffix ''-i'' in the morphological process of Jambi Malay also carries the meaning of 'commanding or emphasizing'. For example:<br /> <br /> * ''mbek'' 'take' + ''-i → mbek'''i''''' 'take it'<br /> * ''duduok'' 'sit' + ''-i → duduok'''i''''' 'sit on it'<br /> * ''singiet'' 'hide' + ''-i → singiet'''i''''' 'hide it'<br /> * ''tamba'' 'add' + ''-i → tamba'''i''''' 'add it'<br /> * ''raso'' 'taste' + ''-i → raso'''i''''' 'taste it'<br /> <br /> The suffix ''-an'' in the morphological process of Jambi Malay functions as a nominalizer and means 'place, tool, or result. For example:<br /> <br /> * ''lamar'' 'propose' + ''-an → lamar'''an''''' 'proposal'<br /> * ''masak'' 'cook' + ''-an → masak'''an''''' 'cooking'<br /> * ''kasi'' 'give' + ''-an → kasi'''an''''' 'pity'<br /> * ''sangkuot'' 'involve' + ''-an → sangkuot'''an''''' 'involvement'<br /> * ''makan'' 'eat' + ''-an → makak'''an''''' 'food'<br /> <br /> ==== Infixes ====<br /> In Jambi Malay, there are three forms of [[infix]]es: ''-al-'', ''-aR-'', and ''-am-''. The infix ''-al-'' functions as a nominalizer and means 'tool'.{{sfn|Gani et. al.|2000|p=82}} For example:<br /> <br /> * ''t + -al- + apak → t'''al'''apak'' 'palm'<br /> * ''t + -al- + uonjuok → t'''al'''uonjuok'' 'index finger'<br /> * ''g + -al- + uguor → g'''al'''uguor'' '[[garcinia atroviridis]]' <br /> * ''p + -al- + atuok → p'''al'''atuok'' 'trigger'<br /> The infix ''-aR-'' means 'resembling' or 'like' and functions as a form for creating nouns and adjectives. For example:<br /> <br /> * ''g'' + ''-aR-'' + ''igi → g'''ar'''igi'' 'serration'<br /> * ''s'' + ''-aR-'' + ''abuot → s'''ar'''abuot'' 'fiber'<br /> * ''b'' + ''-aR-'' + ''isiek'' ''→ b'''ar'''isiek'' 'noisy'<br /> <br /> The infix ''-am-'' functions as a form for creating adjectives and means 'having' or 'like'. For example:<br /> <br /> * ''g'' + ''am-'' + ''uru → g'''am'''uru'' 'thunder'<br /> * ''g'' + ''am-'' + ''ilang → g'''am'''ilang'' 'brilliant'<br /> * ''k'' + ''am-'' + ''ilau → k'''am'''ilau'' 'shiny'<br /> * ''g'' + ''am-'' + ''etar → g'''am'''etar'' 'shiver'<br /> <br /> === Reduplication ===<br /> [[Reduplication]] is the process of forming words through repetition. In Jambi Malay, reduplication can take the forms of full reduplication, partial reduplication, and sound change reduplication.{{sfn|Gani et. al.|2000|p=88}} Full reduplication in Jambi Malay can involve nouns, verbs, adjectives, pronouns, numerals, and adverbs. Fully reduplicated words formed from nouns in the morphological process of Jambi Malay signify plural markers. For example:<br /> <br /> * ''cangkier-cangkier'' 'many mugs'<br /> * ''guru-guru'' 'many teachers'<br /> * ''kertas-kertas'' 'many papers'<br /> <br /> Fully reduplicated words from verbs have the meaning of being aimless or random. For example:<br /> <br /> * ''tiduok-tiduok'' 'lying down aimlessly without falling asleep'<br /> * ''nyanyi-nyanyi'' 'singing aimlessly'<br /> * ''minuom-minuom'' 'drinking aimlessly'<br /> <br /> Fully reduplicated words formed from adjectives in the morphological process of Jambi Malay have the meaning of frequent or indicate plurality. For example:<br /> <br /> * ''bersi-bersi'' 'many are cleaning'<br /> * ''cantieh-cantiek'' 'many are pretty'<br /> * ''besak-besak'' 'many are large'<br /> <br /> Fully reduplicated words formed from pronouns in the morphological process of Jambi Malay indicate plurality or frequency. For example:<br /> <br /> * ''diok-diok'' 'many of them'<br /> * ''kami-kami'' 'everyone of us'<br /> * ''kito-kito'' 'everyone of us'<br /> <br /> Fully reduplicated words formed from numerals in the morphological process of Jambi Malay have the meanings of 'each' or indicate 'details'. For example:<br /> <br /> * ''sikok-sikok'' 'one by one'<br /> * ''galo-galo'' 'everyone' or 'everything'<br /> * ''dikiet-dikiet'' 'little by little'<br /> <br /> Fully reduplicated words formed from adverbs in the morphological process of Jambi Malay indicate quality markers. For example:<br /> <br /> * ''dulu-dulu'' 'earlier'<br /> * ''sekarang-sekarang'' 'right now'<br /> * ''kemaren-kemaren'' 'the day before yesterday'<br /> <br /> Partial reduplication usually involves words with affixation. Partial reduplication in the morphological process of Jambi Malay can occur with nouns, verbs, adjectives, numerals, and adverbs. Partial reduplication formed from nouns in the morphological process of Jambi Malay signifies plural markers. For example:<br /> <br /> * ''babiji-biji'' 'having many seeds'<br /> * ''babatu-batu'' 'rocky'<br /> * ''baduri-duri'' 'thorny'<br /> <br /> Partial reduplication formed from verbs in the morphological process of Jambi Malay signifies plural markers or lack of direction. For example:<br /> <br /> * ''mandorong-dorong'' 'pushing aimlessly'<br /> * ''mambagi-bagi'' 'sharing many things'<br /> * ''mangacau-ngacau'' 'messing up repeatedly'<br /> <br /> Partial reduplication formed from adjectives in the morphological process of Jambi Malay signifies plural markers, quality markers, contrived characteristics, or intentionality. For example:<br /> <br /> * ''tadesak-desak'' 'in dire needs'<br /> * ''batenang-tenang'' 'purposely calmed down'<br /> * ''tapucat-pucat'' 'extremely pale'<br /> <br /> Partial reduplication formed from numerals in the morphological process of Jambi Malay is not commonly found. This type of reduplication signifies plural markers or qualities. For example<br /> <br /> * ''semuo-muo'' 'together'<br /> * ''bakali-kali'' 'frequent'<br /> <br /> Partial reduplication originating from adverbs in the morphological process of Jambi Malay is also not commonly found. This type of reduplication signifies specific times, limits, or conditions. For example:<br /> <br /> * ''saari-ari'' 'every time'<br /> * ''sawaktu-waktu'' 'anytime'<br /> * ''salambat-lambat'' 'latest'<br /> <br /> Sound change reduplication in the morphological process of Jambi Malay occurs in nouns, verbs, and adjectives. Sound change reduplication originating from nouns in the morphological process of Jambi Malay has the meaning of 'various' or 'diverse'. For example:<br /> <br /> * ''lauok-pauok'' 'assortments of side dishes'<br /> * ''warno-warni'' 'assortments of colors'<br /> * ''sayuor-mayuor'' 'assortments of vegetables'<br /> <br /> Sound change reduplication originating from verbs in the morphological process of Jambi Malay signifies quality markers, plural markers, or unpredictability. For example:<br /> <br /> * ''brengat-brenguot'' 'very angry'<br /> * ''mondar-mandir'' 'waking aimlessly'<br /> * ''gerak-geriek'' 'gestures'<br /> <br /> Sound change reduplication originating from adjectives in the morphological process of Jambi Malay signifies quality markers or lack of direction. For example:<br /> <br /> * ''kocar-kacir'' 'very disorganized'<br /> * ''iruok-pikuok'' 'very tumultuous'<br /> * ''kacau-balau'' 'very chaotic'<br /> <br /> === Nouns ===<br /> [[Noun]]s are a class of words that can typically function as the subject or object of a clause. This class of words is often associated with people, things, or entities that are treated as objects. Examples of nouns in Jambi Malay are ''jalo'' 'net', ''manggo'' 'mango', ''keries'' 'kris', ''sarap'' 'trash', and ''pasier'' 'sand'.{{sfn|Gani et. al.|2000|p=96}} Examples of the usage of these words in sentences is as follows:<br /> <br /> * ''Apo yang dibawake? '''Jalo'''.'' 'What is he bringing? Net.'<br /> * ''Apo yang dimakan adek? '''Manggo'''.'' 'What is younger brother eating? Mango'<br /> * ''Apo yang dipegang aya? '''Keries'''.'' 'What is dad holding? Kris.'<br /> * ''Apo yang dibuang Muna? '''Sarap'''.'' 'What did Munah throw away? Trash'<br /> * ''Apo itu? '''Pasier'''.'' 'What is that? Sand.'<br /> <br /> A noun phrase is a phrase that has the same distribution as a noun word class. Noun phrases in Jambi Malay can be seen in the following examples. Noun phrases in Jambi Malay categorically have several processes, such as noun followed by other nouns, noun followed by verbs, noun followed by numerals and noun followed by adverbs.{{sfn|Gani et. al.|2000|p=130}} Examples of noun followed by other nouns are:<br /> <br /> * ''laman ruma'' 'backyard'<br /> * ''dagieng kerbo'' 'buffalo meat'<br /> * ''nasi jaguong'' 'corn rice'<br /> * ''cantieng beras tu'' 'that can of rice'<br /> * ''anak tukang kebuon tu'' 'the gardener's child'<br /> <br /> Examples of noun followed by verbs are:<br /> <br /> * ''orang mabuok'' 'drunk guy'<br /> * ''aek ngalier'' 'flowing water'<br /> * ''api yang menyalo'' 'burning fire'<br /> * ''guru ngaji'' 'preaching teacher'<br /> * ''budak degiel tu'' 'that naughty kid'<br /> <br /> Examples of noun followed by numerals are:<br /> <br /> * ''kelapo tiga ikok'' 'three coconuts'<br /> * ''kertas salembar'' 'a sheet of paper'<br /> * ''orang banyak'' 'many people'<br /> * ''bua galo'' 'all fruits'<br /> * ''kue saparo'' 'half a cake'<br /> <br /> Examples of noun followed by adverbs are:<br /> <br /> * ''batino sore kemaren'' 'the girl from yesterday'<br /> * ''budak yang dulu'' 'the kid from before'<br /> * ''karcies tadi'' 'the ticket from just now'<br /> * ''duiet uontuok besok'' 'the money for tomorrow'<br /> * ''pakean sekarang'' 'the clothes for now'<br /> <br /> === Verbs ===<br /> <br /> [[Verb]]s are a class of words that typically function as predicates. Semantically, this class of words describes an action. Examples of verbs in Jambi Malay are ''cari'' 'search', ''gantuong'' 'hang', ''tiduok'' 'sleep', ''mbek'' 'take', and ''bagi'' 'give'.{{sfn|Gani et. al.|2000|p=96}} The usage of these words in sentences is as follows.<br /> <br /> * ''Apo yang dio '''cari'''?'' 'What is he lookin for?'<br /> * '''''Gantuong''' orang itu!'' 'Hang that man!'<br /> * ''Jo siapo dio '''tiduok'''?'' 'Who is she sleeping with?'<br /> * '''''Mbek''' buku dio tu!'' 'Take that book of his!'<br /> * '''''Bagi''' aku maka!'' 'Give me food!'<br /> <br /> A verbal phrase is a phrase that has the same distribution as a verb word class. Verbal phrases in Jambi Malay can be seen in the following examples:{{sfn|Gani et. al.|2000|p=136}} <br /> <br /> * ''nak pegi'' 'want to go'<br /> * ''suda balek'' 'already returned'<br /> * ''sedang bagawe'' 'is working'<br /> * ''ndak makan'' 'want to eat'<br /> * ''dak dibayar'' 'not paid'<br /> <br /> === Adjectives ===<br /> [[Adjective]]s are words that describe nouns. Examples of adjectives in Jambi Malay are ''besak'' 'big', ''baiek'' 'good', ''elok'' 'nice', ''cantiek'' 'pretty', and ''baru'' 'new'.{{sfn|Gani et. al.|2000|p=97}} The usage of these words in sentences is as follows:<br /> <br /> * ''Cammano ukuorane? '''Besak'''.'' 'How big is the size? big'<br /> * ''Cammano keadaan budak tu? '''Baiek'''.'' 'How is the kid's condition? Good.'<br /> * ''Cammano bentuok barange? '''Elok'''.'' 'How is the shape of the thing? Nice.'<br /> * ''Cammano Rupo gadies itu? '''Cantiek'''.'' 'How does the girl looks like? Pretty.'<br /> * ''Kapan kau beli? '''Baru'''.'' 'When did you buy? It's new.'<br /> <br /> === Numerals ===<br /> [[Numeral (linguistics)|Numerals]] are words that indicate numbers or quantities. Examples of numerals in Jambi Malay are ''sekok'' 'one', ''duo'' 'two', ''galo'' 'all', ''banyak'' 'many', and ''dikiet'' 'a few'.{{sfn|Gani et. al.|2000|p=94}} The usage of these words in sentences includes the following:<br /> <br /> * ''Berapo anake? '''Sekok'''''. 'How many kids? One.'<br /> * ''Berapo ikok mubiele? '''Duo'''''. 'How many cars? Two.'<br /> * ''Siapo bae yang datang? '''Galo'''''. 'Who's coming? All of them.'<br /> * ''Berapo isie? '''Banyak'''''. 'How much does it contain? Many.'<br /> * ''Berapo lagi yang tinggal? '''Dikiet'''''. 'How much left? A few.'<br /> Number phrases are phrases that have the same distribution as numerals. Numeral phrases in Jambi Malay can be seen in the following examples:{{sfn|Gani et. al.|2000|p=137}} <br /> <br /> *''duo ekok sapi'' 'two cows'<br /> * ''tigo lembar kertas'' 'three sheets of paper'<br /> * ''tuju kotak kapuor'' 'seven boxes of chalk'<br /> * ''limo karuong beras '''five sacks of rice'<br /> * ''sekok telok'' 'one egg'<br /> <br /> === Adverbs ===<br /> [[Adverb]]s are words that describe an action or a state. Examples of adverbs in Jambi Malay include ''sore'' 'afternoon', ''kemaren'' 'yesterday', ''perna'' 'ever', ''kagek'' 'later', and ''sekarang'' 'now'.{{sfn|Gani et. al.|2000|p=95}} The usage of these words in sentences is as follows:<br /> <br /> * ''Kapan dijempuote? '''Sore'''''. 'When are you picking him up? Afternoon.'<br /> * ''Kapan diok datang? '''Kemaren'''''. 'When did he arrived? Yesterday.'<br /> * '''''Perna''' nengok bendoe? '''Perna'''.'' 'Have you ever saw the object? Ever.'<br /> * ''Pegilah ka sano! '''Kagek'''''. 'Go there! Later.'<br /> * ''Kapan nguompuole? '''Sekarang'''''. 'When are we meeting up? Now.'<br /> <br /> Adverbial phrases are phrases that have the same distribution as adverbs. Adverbial phrases in Jambi Malay can be seen in the following examples:{{sfn|Gani et. al.|2000|p=138}} <br /> <br /> * ''sekarang ko'' 'right now'<br /> * ''sore kemaren'' 'yesterday afternoon'<br /> * ''besok pagi'' 'tomorrow morning'<br /> * ''kagek siang'' 'this noon'<br /> * ''suda malem'' 'it's late'<br /> <br /> === Pronouns ===<br /> [[Pronoun]]s are words that replace nouns or noun phrases. In Jambi Malay, these words consist of [[personal pronoun]]s, [[Interrogative word|interrogative pronouns]] and [[Demonstrative|demonstrative Pronouns]].{{sfn|Gani et. al.|2000|p=117}} Personal pronouns are words that indicate persons, such as ''sayo'' 'I (formal)', ''aku'' 'I (informal)', ''kami'' 'we (exclusive)', ''kito'' 'we (inclusive)', ''kamu'' 'you (semiformal)', ''awak'' 'you (informal)', ''kau'' 'you (informal)', and ''dio'' 'he/she'. Usage of the pronouns can be seen in the following example:<br /> <br /> * '''''Sayo''' idak nak balek.'' 'I am not going home.'<br /> * '''''Aku''' mara nian samo adek.'' 'I am very angry with my younger sibling.'<br /> * '''''Dio''' yang mukuol '''aku'''''. 'He's the one who punched me.'<br /> * '''''Kami''' dak tik yang datang ka sano''. 'None of us are coming there.'<br /> * '''''Kito''' galo yang moronge''. 'All of us are the one who bought it.'<br /> * '''''Kamu''' jangan tarpengaru kawan!'' 'Don't you get influenced by your friends!'<br /> * ''Uruosla barang '''kau''' tu!'' 'Take care of your things!'<br /> * '''''Dio''' dak tiek gawe sekarang''. 'He's not working currently.'<br /> <br /> Interrogative pronouns are words that function as substitutes for the persons being asked about. In Jambi Malay, these words include ''apo'' 'what' and ''sapo'' 'who'. Usage of the pronouns can be seen in the following example:<br /> <br /> * '''''Apo''' yang ditutuop tu?'' 'What is being covered there?'<br /> * ''Makan '''apo'''?'' 'Eat what?'<br /> * '''''Sapo''' yang nulies ko?'' 'Who wrote this?'<br /> * ''Baju ko punyo '''sapo'''?'' 'Whose clothes are these?'<br /> <br /> Demonstrative pronouns are words that function to indicate something. In Jambi Malay, these words include ''iko'' 'this' and ''itu'' 'that'. Usage of the pronouns can be seen in the following example:<br /> <br /> * '''''lko''' bendoe''. 'This is the thing.'<br /> * ''Pake '''ko'''!'' 'Use this!'<br /> * '''''Itu''' gambar kau''. 'That's your drawing.'<br /> * ''Elok nian '''tu'''''. 'That's really good.'<br /> <br /> == Vocabulary ==<br /> Due to historical contacts with [[Javanese people]] and [[Javanese culture|culture]], as well as the increasing influx of [[Transmigration program|migrants]] from [[Java]], Jambi Malay has been influenced by [[Javanese language|Javanese]], especially the dialect spoken in [[Jambi (city)|Jambi City]] and the surrounding area. Words that have been absorbed from Javanese include ''gawe'' 'to work', ''kembang'' 'flower', ''buntut'' 'tail', and ''kuping'' 'ear'.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt; The influence of Javanese on Jambi Malay diminishes westward along the [[Batang Hari River|Batanghari River]]. Jambi Malay has also been influenced by [[Minangkabau language|Minangkabau]], particularly the dialect spoken in western Jambi, specifically in [[Bungo Regency|Bungo]] and [[Tebo Regency]], due to the proximity to [[West Sumatra]] and the migration of [[Minangkabau people]] from West Sumatra. Minangkabau is considered the ''[[lingua franca]]'' in western Jambi, which is why it influences the Jambi Malay spoken in that region.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt; Additionally, there are also some influences from the [[Kerinci language]] in the dialects spoken in [[Merangin Regency|Merangin]] and [[Sarolangun Regency]]. Jambi Malay is very similar to Kerinci and Minangkabau, though they are generally not [[Mutual intelligibility|mutually intelligible]]. It is estimated that up to 80% of Kerinci vocabularies has similarity with Jambi Malay, while it is estimated that 77% of Jambi Malay vocabularies has similarity with Minangkabau.&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Sholeha |first1=Monica |last2=Hendrokumoro |date=2022 |title=Kekerabatan Bahasa Kerinci, Melayu Jambi, dan Minangkabau |trans-title=Kinship of Kerinci, Jambi Malay, and Minangkabau Language |url=https://diglosiaunmul.com/index.php/diglosia/article/view/404 |journal=DIGLOSIA: Jurnal Kajian Bahasa, Sastra, Dan Pengajarannya |language=id |volume=5 |issue=2 |pages=399–420 |doi=10.30872/diglosia.v5i2.404 |issn=2615-725X |eissn=2615-8655 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Like other [[Languages of Indonesia|regional languages]] in Indonesia, Jambi Malay has also received significant influences from standard [[Indonesian language|Indonesian]], which continues to increase, due to its status as the national language and ''lingua franca'' in official environments. Lastly, similar to Indonesian and other regional languages, there is also some limited lexical influence from [[Dutch language|Dutch]], such as the words ''lap'' 'wipe', ''pol'' 'full' (from Dutch ''vol''), and ''reken'' 'count'.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> Below are examples of commonly used Jambi Malay vocabulary along with their Indonesian and English translations:<br /> <br /> === Numerals ===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> !Number<br /> !Jambi Malay<br /> !Indonesian<br /> !English<br /> |-<br /> |1<br /> |''sekok''<br /> |''satu''<br /> |one<br /> |-<br /> |2<br /> |''duo''<br /> |''dua''<br /> |two<br /> |-<br /> |3<br /> |''tigo''<br /> |''tiga''<br /> |three<br /> |-<br /> |4<br /> |''empat''<br /> |''empat''<br /> |four<br /> |-<br /> |5<br /> |''limo''<br /> |''lima''<br /> |five<br /> |-<br /> |6<br /> |''enam''<br /> |''enam''<br /> |six<br /> |-<br /> |7<br /> |''tuju, tujuh''<br /> |''tujuh''<br /> |seven<br /> |-<br /> |8<br /> |''lapan''<br /> |''delapan''<br /> |eight<br /> |-<br /> |9<br /> |''semilan''<br /> |''sembilan''<br /> |nine<br /> |-<br /> |10<br /> |''sepuluh''<br /> |''sepuluh''<br /> |ten<br /> |-<br /> |11<br /> |''sebelas''<br /> |''sebelas''<br /> |eleven<br /> |-<br /> |20<br /> |''duo puluh''<br /> |''dua puluh''<br /> |twenty<br /> |-<br /> |50<br /> |''limo puluh''<br /> |''lima puluh''<br /> |fifty<br /> |-<br /> |100<br /> |''seghatus''<br /> |''seratus''<br /> |one hundred<br /> |-<br /> |500<br /> |''limo ghatus''<br /> |''lima ratus''<br /> |five hundred<br /> |-<br /> |1000<br /> |''seghibu''<br /> |''seribu''<br /> |one thousand<br /> |-<br /> |5000<br /> |''limo ghibu''<br /> |''lima ribu''<br /> |five thousand<br /> |-<br /> |100,000<br /> |''seghatus ghibu''<br /> |''seratus ribu''<br /> |one hundred thousand<br /> |-<br /> |1,000,000<br /> |''sejuto, sekok juto''<br /> |''sejuta, satu juta''<br /> |one million<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === Directions ===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> !Jambi Malay<br /> !Indonesian<br /> !English<br /> |-<br /> |''iko, ko''<br /> |''ini''<br /> |this<br /> |-<br /> |''itu, tu''<br /> |''itu''<br /> |that<br /> |-<br /> |''siko''<br /> |''sini''<br /> |here<br /> |-<br /> |''situ, sano''<br /> |''situ, sana''<br /> |there<br /> |-<br /> |''disiko''<br /> |''disini''<br /> |over here<br /> |-<br /> |''disitu, disano''<br /> |''disitu, disana''<br /> |over there<br /> |-<br /> |''kighi''<br /> |''kiri''<br /> |left<br /> |-<br /> |''kanan''<br /> |''kanan''<br /> |right<br /> |-<br /> |''atas''<br /> |''atas''<br /> |up<br /> |-<br /> |''bawah''<br /> |''bawah''<br /> |down<br /> |-<br /> |''utagho''<br /> |''utara''<br /> |north<br /> |-<br /> |''selatan''<br /> |''selatan''<br /> |south<br /> |-<br /> |''timugh''<br /> |''timur''<br /> |east<br /> |-<br /> |''barat''<br /> |''barat''<br /> |west<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === Personal Pronouns ===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> !Jambi Malay<br /> !Indonesian<br /> !English<br /> |-<br /> |''aku, sayo''<br /> |''aku, saya''<br /> |I, me<br /> |-<br /> |''anda''<br /> |''anda''<br /> |you (formal)<br /> |-<br /> |''kamu, kau''<br /> |''kamu''<br /> |you (informal)<br /> |-<br /> |''dio''<br /> |''dia''<br /> |he/she<br /> |-<br /> |''kami''<br /> |''kami''<br /> |we (exclusive)<br /> |-<br /> |''kito, kita''<br /> |''kita''<br /> |we (inclusive)<br /> |-<br /> |''megheka''<br /> |''mereka''<br /> |they/them<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === Interrogatives Pronouns ===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> !Jambi Malay<br /> !Indonesian<br /> !English<br /> |-<br /> |''siapo''<br /> |''siapa''<br /> |who<br /> |-<br /> |''apo''<br /> |''apa''<br /> |what<br /> |-<br /> |''ngapo''<br /> |''kenapa, mengapa''<br /> |why<br /> |-<br /> |''mano, dimano''<br /> |''mana, dimana''<br /> |where<br /> |-<br /> |''kapan''<br /> |''kapan''<br /> |''when''<br /> |-<br /> |''macam mano''<br /> |''gimana, bagaimana''<br /> |how<br /> |-<br /> |''beghapo''<br /> |''berapa''<br /> |how much<br /> |-<br /> |''kalu''<br /> |''bila, apabila, kalau''<br /> |if<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === Nouns ===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> !Jambi Malay<br /> !Indonesian<br /> !English<br /> |-<br /> |''aek''<br /> |''air''<br /> |water<br /> |-<br /> |''batang''<br /> |''pohon''<br /> |tree<br /> |-<br /> |''sunge''<br /> |''sungai''<br /> |river<br /> |-<br /> |''utan''<br /> |''hutan''<br /> |forest<br /> |-<br /> |''pante''<br /> |''pantai''<br /> |beach<br /> |-<br /> |''lanang, jantan''<br /> |''pria, laki-laki''<br /> |man<br /> |-<br /> |''betino''<br /> |''wanita, perempuan''<br /> |woman<br /> |-<br /> |''tana''<br /> |''tanah''<br /> |land, ground, soil<br /> |-<br /> |''jalan''<br /> |''jalan''<br /> |road<br /> |-<br /> |''kudo''<br /> |''kuda''<br /> |horse<br /> |-<br /> |''budak, anak''<br /> |''anak''<br /> |child, kid<br /> |-<br /> |''negagha''<br /> |''negara''<br /> |country<br /> |-<br /> |''sughat''<br /> |''surat''<br /> |letter<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === Verbs ===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> !Jambi Malay<br /> !Indonesian<br /> !English<br /> |-<br /> |''makan''<br /> |''makan''<br /> |eat<br /> |-<br /> |''minum''<br /> |''minum''<br /> |drink<br /> |-<br /> |''tidugh''<br /> |''tidur''<br /> |sleep<br /> |-<br /> |''laghi''<br /> |''lari''<br /> |run<br /> |-<br /> |''masu, cuci''<br /> |''basuh, cuci''<br /> |wash<br /> |-<br /> |''gawe''<br /> |''kerja''<br /> |to work<br /> |-<br /> |''tegak''<br /> |''berdiri''<br /> |to stand<br /> |-<br /> |''gambagh''<br /> |''gambar''<br /> |to draw (a picture)<br /> |-<br /> |''teghbang''<br /> |''terbang''<br /> |to fly<br /> |-<br /> |''tengok''<br /> |''lihat, tengok''<br /> |see<br /> |-<br /> |''bayagh''<br /> |''bayar''<br /> |pay<br /> |-<br /> |''bausaho''<br /> |''berusaha''<br /> |to try (an attempt)<br /> |-<br /> |''ambik''<br /> |''ambil''<br /> |take<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === Adjectives ===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> !Jambi Malay<br /> !Indonesian<br /> !English<br /> |-<br /> |''tinggi''<br /> |''tinggi''<br /> |tall<br /> |-<br /> |''cantiek''<br /> |''cantik''<br /> |pretty<br /> |-<br /> |''elok, baiek''<br /> |''bagus, baik''<br /> |good<br /> |-<br /> |''lebagh''<br /> |''lebar''<br /> |wide<br /> |-<br /> |''lentugh''<br /> |''lemas, lentur''<br /> |weak, frail<br /> |-<br /> |''besagh, besak''<br /> |''besar, gede''<br /> |big, large<br /> |-<br /> |''litak''<br /> |''cape, letih''<br /> |tired<br /> |-<br /> |''teghang''<br /> |''terang''<br /> |bright<br /> |-<br /> |''sio-sio''<br /> |''sia-sia''<br /> |vain<br /> |-<br /> |''cipit''<br /> |''sipit''<br /> |slit-eyed<br /> |-<br /> |''lamo''<br /> |''lama''<br /> |long (time)<br /> |-<br /> |''kecik''<br /> |''kecil''<br /> |small<br /> |-<br /> |''aluos''<br /> |''alus''<br /> |soft<br /> |-<br /> |''sakiet, sakit''<br /> |''sakit''<br /> |sick<br /> |-<br /> |''bersi''<br /> |''bersih''<br /> |clean<br /> |-<br /> |''dikiet''<br /> |''dikit''<br /> |little<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Writing system ==<br /> [[File:Kantor Desa Senaung - Jambi Luar Kota, Muaro Jambi, JA.jpg|thumb|Government signs in Jambi are now written in both Jawi and Latin scripts]]<br /> Like many other Malay varieties, Jambi Malay is written in both [[Latin script|Latin]] and [[Jawi script]] (locally known as Arab-Melayu). There are slight differences between the Jawi alphabet used in Jambi Malay and the one used in standard Malay. For instance, the letter &quot;fa&quot; is represented by the character ف in standard Malay, whereas in Jambi Malay, the character ڤ is used instead.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> Historically, Jawi was the commonly used script in the [[Malay world]] before the introduction of the Latin script through [[History of colonialism|European colonization]]. The Jawi script spread with the onset of I[[Spread of Islam in Southeast Asia|slamization in Southeast Asia]] between the 13th to 14th century. It was used in royal correspondences, decrees, as well as [[Malay Literature|literature]] such as poems and folklore by Malay kingdoms, becoming a traditional symbol of [[Malay culture]] and civilization.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last1=Gallop |first1=Annabel Teh |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/27864666 |title=The Legacy of the Malay Letter: Warisan Warkah Melayu |last2=Kratz |first2=Ernst Ulrich |date=1994 |publisher=Published by the British Library for the National Archives of Malaysia |others=British Library, Arkib Negara Malaysia |isbn=978-0-7123-0376-7 |location=London |jstor=27864666 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; In Jambi, Jawi held a significant place in administrative and literary functions, reflecting the deep-rooted Islamic and Malay cultural heritage. However, the use of Jawi in Jambi has declined significantly due to the introduction of the Latin script by the Dutch during the [[Dutch East Indies|colonial period]]. This shift was further reinforced by the adoption of [[Indonesian language|Indonesian]] as the official language after Indonesia's independence, which uses the Latin alphabet. Today, the use of Jawi in Jambi is predominantly limited to older generations and cultural or ceremonial contexts.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Warni |first1=Warni |last2=Karim |first2=Maizar |last3=Afria |first3=Rengki |date=2022-01-25 |title=Workshop Penulisan Aksara Arab Melayu pada Mahasiswa Sastra Indonesia Universitas Jambi |trans-title=Workshop on Writing Malay-Arabic Script for Indonesian Literature Students at Jambi University |url=https://jurnal.dharmawangsa.ac.id/index.php/reswara/article/view/1573 |journal=RESWARA: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat |language=id |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=135–141 |doi=10.46576/rjpkm.v3i1.1573 |issn=2716-3997|doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt; It is often seen in traditional arts, cultural events, and religious contexts, serving as a reminder of the region's rich historical and cultural legacy.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> There have been efforts initiated by the Jambi provincial government to preserve the usage of the Jawi script. For instance, all government institutions signs in Jambi are now written in both Latin and Jawi script.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt; In addition, the [[University of Jambi]] frequently conducts workshops to promote the Jawi script, alongside offering courses in Jambi Malay where students learn how to read and write using the Jawi script.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt; In certain Islamic schools in Jambi, the Jawi script is still used for religious Islamic writing and poetry, especially for writing [[Quran|Qur'anic]] commentaries.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Pesantren Daarul Jalal Tebo, Lestarikan Aksara Arab Melayu dalam Belajar Kitab Kuning |url=https://www.nu.or.id/daerah/pesantren-daarul-jalal-tebo-lestarikan-aksara-arab-melayu-dalam-belajar-kitab-kuning-zbYcb |access-date=2024-06-23 |website=NU Online |language=id-id}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Literature ==<br /> Along with other Malay dialects, Jambi Malay has rich literatures that has been preserved for generations, locally known as ''Seloko''. ''Seloko'' is a form of oral tradition that has been passed down through generations. ''Seloko'' is often presented during traditional ceremonies, such as wedding ceremonies. ''Seloko'' contains a set of norms that regulate the daily lives of its community members, with rules that, if violated, can lead to sanctions.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Armansyah |first=Yudi |date=2017-11-03 |title=Kontribusi Seloko Adat Jambi dalam Penguatan Demokrasi Lokal |trans-title=The Contribution of Jambi Traditional Seloko in Strengthening Local Democracy |url=http://ejournal.uin-suska.ac.id/index.php/SosialBudaya/article/view/4158 |journal=Sosial Budaya |language=id |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=1 |doi=10.24014/sb.v14i1.4158 |issn=2407-1684|doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt; Besides containing norms with corresponding sanctions for violations, ''Seloko'' also includes advice and messages intended to guide community members towards safety in their social interactions and daily lives. These norms and pieces of advice are conveyed through expressions in the form of proverbs, [[pantun]]s (traditional Malay poetry), or aphorisms. Jambi's traditional ''Seloko'' is not merely about proverbs, aphorisms, or pantuns, but goes deeper to represent a philosophy of life that forms the foundation of Jambi's cultural identity. A person who recites ''Seloko'' is called a ''Penyeloko''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Arman |first=Dedi |date=2015-04-29 |title=Seloko sebagai Tuntunan Hidup Masyarakat Melayu Jambi |trans-title=Seloko as a Guide for the Life of the Jambi Malay Community |url=https://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/bpnbkepri/seloko-sebagai-tuntunan-hidup-masyarakat-melayu-jambi/ |access-date=2024-06-24 |website=Balai Pelestarian Nilai Budaya Kepulauan Riau |language=id}}&lt;/ref&gt; A ''Penyeloko'' typically uses steady rhyme and meter in delivering their ''Seloko'', making it engaging and keeping the listeners interested. ''Seloko'' is often delivered using sentences that employ figures of speech like similes and metaphors, which means not everyone can fully grasp its meaning. Seloko is also commonly used by religious figures in Jambi to promote religious values to the local community.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Sampoerno |first=Mohd. Norma |date=2021-07-30 |title=Nilai Pendidikan Karakter Religius dalam Pantun Adat Jambi |url=https://ejournal.iainbengkulu.ac.id/index.php/disastra/article/view/4455 |journal=Disastra: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia |volume=3 |issue=2 |pages=162 |doi=10.29300/disastra.v3i2.4455 |doi-broken-date=2024-08-29 |issn=2655-7851|doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt; Below are some excerpts of pantuns that originated from Jambi:<br /> {| cellpadding=&quot;8&quot;<br /> !Jambi Malay<br /> !Indonesian<br /> !English<br /> |- style=&quot;vertical-align:top; white-space:nowrap;&quot;<br /> |''Ambil lelapo di lubuk ruso''<br /> <br /> ''Buatlah atap dari pandan.''<br /> <br /> ''Supayo mantap menyambut puaso''<br /> <br /> ''Mari kito saling memaafkan.''<br /> |''Ambil kelapa di lubuk rusa''<br /> <br /> ''Buatlah atap dari pandan.''<br /> <br /> ''Supaya mantap menyambut puasa''<br /> <br /> ''Mari kita saling memaafkan.''<br /> |Pick the coconut inside the deer<br /> Make a roof from pandan leaves.<br /> <br /> To ensure readiness for fasting<br /> <br /> Let us forgive one another<br /> |}<br /> The pantun above explains the value of religious character education. This information aims to ensure steadfastness and focus in carrying out fasting during the month of [[Ramadan]] and to avoid disturbances in the mind. It is advisable to forgive each other before the fasting month begins to erase sins committed in the past, whether intentional or unintentional.<br /> {| cellpadding=&quot;8&quot;<br /> !Jambi Malay<br /> !Indonesian<br /> !English<br /> |- style=&quot;vertical-align:top; white-space:nowrap;&quot;<br /> |''Apo tando parang berkarat''<br /> <br /> ''Matonyo pepat kurang betaji.''<br /> <br /> ''Apo tando orang beradat''<br /> <br /> ''Bekerjo giat senang mengaji.''<br /> |''Apa tanda parang berkarat''<br /> <br /> ''Matanya pepat kurang betaji.''<br /> <br /> ''Apa tanda orang beradat''<br /> <br /> ''Bekerja giat senang mengaji.''<br /> |What are the signs of a rusty machete<br /> His eyes are flat and less pointed.<br /> <br /> What are the signs of civilized people<br /> <br /> Work hard and enjoy reading the Koran<br /> |}<br /> The pantun above also explains the value of religious character education. The quote signifies the customs of the people of Jambi, who work diligently and never give up despite their circumstances. Additionally, these people always remember [[Allah|God]] to avoid calamities that may befall them. Ways of remembering God include performing the five daily prayers, engaging in [[dhikr]] (remembrance of God), and placing trust in God's will ([[Tawakkul|tawakkal]]).<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> == Bibliography ==<br /> *{{Cite book |last1=Gani |first1=Erizal |url=https://repositori.kemdikbud.go.id/23838/1/TATA%20BAHASA%20MELAYU%20JAMBI.PDF |title=Tata Bahasa Melayu Jambi |last2=Nura |first2=Amris |last3=Nazurti |publisher=[[Agency for Language Development and Cultivation]] |year=2000 |isbn= |location=Jakarta |language=id |trans-title=Language Structure of Jambi Malay|ref={{sfnRef|Gani et. al.|2000}}}}<br /> *{{Cite book |last1=Husin |first1=Nurzuir |url=https://repositori.kemdikbud.go.id/2502/1/Struktur%20Bahasa%20Melayu%20Jambi%20%281985%29.pdf |title=Struktur Bahasa Melayu Jambi |last2=Zailoet |last3=Semi |first3=M. Atar |last4=Karim |first4=Isma Nasrul |last5=Radjah |first5=Desmawati |last6=Djurip |publisher=[[Agency for Language Development and Cultivation]] |year=1985 |location=Jakarta |language=id |trans-title=Structure of the Jambi Malay language|ref={{sfnRef|Husin et. al.|1985}}}}<br /> *{{Cite book |last1=Dahlan |first1=Saidat |url=https://repositori.kemdikbud.go.id/3342/1/Pemetaan%20Bahasa%20Daerah%20Riau%20dan%20Jambi%20%20%20%20398ha.pdf |title=Pemetaan Bahasa Daerah Riau dan Jambi |last2=Syair |first2=Anwar |last3=Manan |first3=Abdullah |last4=Jakub |first4=llyas |last5=Sabrin |first5=Arnrin |last6=Razak |first6=Abdul |last7=Mujiono |last8=Yulisrnan |publisher=[[Agency for Language Development and Cultivation]] |year=1985 |location=Jakarta |language=id |trans-title=Mapping of the Regional Languages in Riau and Jambi|ref={{sfnRef|Dahlan et. al.|1985}}}}<br /> *{{Cite book |last1=Yulisma|url=https://repositori.kemdikbud.go.id/2875/1/Kamus%20Bahasa%20Indonesia%20Jambi%20L-Z%20%20%20341a.pdf|title=Kamus Bahasa Indonesia – Jambi|last2=Supadi |first2=Hartini|last3=Haidas|last4=Ridha|first4=Ahmad|last5=Masnidar|publisher=[[Agency for Language Development and Cultivation]] |year=1997|location=Jakarta |language=id |trans-title=Indoensian – Jambi Dictionary|isbn=979-459-790-2|ref={{sfnRef|Dahlan et. al.|1997}}}}<br /> *{{Cite book |last1=Rahima |first1=Ade |url=https://repository.penerbiteureka.com/media/publications/560996-morfosintaksis-numeralia-bahasa-melayu-j-374da5d5.pdf |title=Morfosintaksis Numeralia Bahasa Melayu Jambi |last2=Zahar |first2=Erlina |last3=Tara |first3=Firman |last4=Sujoko |publisher=Eureka Media Aksara |year=2023 |isbn=978-623-151-071-6 |edition=1st |location=Jambi |language=id |trans-title=Morphosyntax of Numerals in the Jambi Malay Language|ref={{sfnRef|Rahima et. al.|2023}}}}<br /> *Yanti; Tadmor, Uri; Cole, Peter; Hermon, Gabriella. 2015. ''Critò Kitò: A collection of Jambi stories in the Seberang Dialect''. Jakarta: Masyarakat Linguistik Indonesia [Indonesian Linguistic Society]. {{ISBN|978-602-17161-3-7}} [''Includes word list''.]<br /> *Żaneta Krulikowska, Nadra Nadra, &amp; Muhammad Yusdi. (2020). Phonological Sketch of Malay Jambi Language of Sarolangun, Indonesia. ''Arbitrer'', ''7''(2), 173–181. &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.25077/ar.7.2.173-181.2020&lt;/nowiki&gt;<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> *[https://web.archive.org/web/20131203000958/http://lingweb.eva.mpg.de/jakarta/jambi_malay.php Traditional Jambi Malay]<br /> <br /> {{incubator|jax}}<br /> {{Languages of Indonesia}}<br /> {{Austronesian languages}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Malay, Jambi, Language}}<br /> [[Category:Agglutinative languages]]<br /> [[Category:Malay language]]<br /> [[Category:Languages of Indonesia]]<br /> [[Category:Malay dialects]]<br /> [[Category:Malayic languages]]</div> Xbypass https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kedah_Malay&diff=1246176738 Kedah Malay 2024-09-17T11:40:05Z <p>Xbypass: /* Comparison with Standard Malay */</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Malay dialect of northwestern Malaysia and Thailand}}{{Infobox language<br /> | name = Kedah Malay<br /> | nativename = ''Pelat Utagha'' &lt;br /&gt; ''Bahasa Melayu Kedah, Bahasa Melayu Utara''<br /> | altname = بهاس ملايو قدح&lt;br /&gt;{{Lang|th|ภาษามลายูไทรบุรี}}<br /> | states = [[Malaysia]], [[Thailand]], [[Myanmar]] and [[Indonesia]]<br /> | region = [[Kedah]], [[Pulau Pinang]], [[Perlis]], northern [[Perak]] ([[Kerian District|Kerian]], [[Manjung District|Manjung]], [[Larut, Matang and Selama District|Larut, Matang and Selama]]), [[Trang, Thailand|Trang]], [[Satun]], [[Ranong]], [[Tanintharyi]], [[Langkat Regency|Langkat]], [[Aceh]]<br /> | ethnicity = [[Kedahan Malay]]s&lt;br /&gt;[[Thai Malay]]s&lt;br /&gt;[[Burmese Malays]]&lt;br /&gt;Jaring Halus Malays<br /> | speakers = 2.6 million<br /> | date = 2004<br /> | ref = e18<br /> | familycolor = Austronesian<br /> | fam2 = [[Malayo-Polynesian languages|Malayo-Polynesian]]<br /> | fam3 = (disputed)<br /> | fam4 = [[Malayic languages|Malayic]]<br /> | dia1 = Kedah Persisiran<br /> | dia2 = Kedah Utara<br /> | dia3 = Perlis-Langkawi<br /> | dia4 = Penang<br /> | dia5 = Northern Perak<br /> | dia6 = Satun<br /> | script = [[Latin script]], [[Arabic script]], [[Thai script]]<br /> | iso3 = meo<br /> | glotto = keda1251<br /> | glottorefname = Kedah Malay<br /> | dia7 = Jaring Halus<br /> | notice = IPA<br /> }}<br /> <br /> [[File:Kedah Malay Map.png|thumb|Distribution of Kedah Malay language&lt;br /&gt;Dark Blue: Regions where Kedahan is currently spoken, Blue: Regions where Kedahan is historically spoken]]<br /> [[File:WIKITONGUES- Senful speaking Malay.webm|thumb|A young man speaks Kedah Malay]]<br /> '''Kedah Malay''' or '''Kedahan''' ({{Lang-ms|bahasa Melayu Kedah}}; also known as ''Pelat Utara'' or ''Loghat Utara'' 'Northern Dialect') or as it is known in Thailand, '''Syburi Malay''' ({{Lang-th|ภาษามลายูไทรบุรี}} ''Phasa Malāyū Saiburī'') is a [[Malayic languages|Malayic language]] mainly spoken in the northwestern [[Malaysian states]] of [[Perlis]], [[Kedah]], [[Penang]], and northern [[Perak]] and in the southern [[Thailand|Thai]] provinces of [[Trang Province|Trang]] and [[Satun Province|Satun]]. The usage of Kedah Malay was historically prevalent in southwestern Thailand before being superseded by the [[Thai language]]. Enclaves of Kedah Malay can be found in [[Kawthaung District]] in [[Myanmar]]; [[Ranong]] and [[Krabi]] in upper southern Thailand; Jaring Halus, [[Langkat Regency|Langkat]] and [[Aceh]] in [[Sumatra]], [[Indonesia]] and up north in [[Bangkok]], central Thailand, where most of the Kedah Malay speakers are descendants of historical settlers from Kedah.{{Sfn|Asmah Haji Omar|2017|p=38}}<br /> <br /> Kedah Malay can be divided into several dialects, namely ''Kedah Persisiran'' ([[Littoral]] Kedah; which is the de facto [[prestige dialect]] of Kedah Malay), ''Kedah Utara'' (Northern Kedah), [[Perlis]]-[[Langkawi]], [[Penang]] and some others outside Malaysia.{{refn|See [[Malayan languages]] for a comparison between Kedah Persisiran and Penang dialects.}} Speakers in [[Trang Province|Trang]] as well as [[Satun Province|Satun]] are heavily influenced by the Thai language. However in the district of [[Baling]], they speak a different [[Reman Malay|variant]] more closely related to [[Kelantan-Patani Malay]] than it is to Kedah Malay.{{Sfn|Mohd Noor Aswad|2019}}<br /> <br /> == Phonology ==<br /> <br /> === Consonants ===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;<br /> !<br /> ![[Labial consonant|Labial]]<br /> ![[Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]]<br /> ![[Palato-alveolar consonant|Palato-alveolar]]<br /> ![[Dorsal consonant|Dorsal]]<br /> |-<br /> ![[Plosive]]<br /> |{{IPA link|p}} {{IPA link|b}}<br /> |{{IPA link|t}} {{IPA link|d}}<br /> |{{IPA link|t͡ʃ}} {{IPA link|d͡ʒ}} <br /> |{{IPA link|k}} {{IPA link|ɡ}}<br /> |-<br /> ![[Fricative]]<br /> |<br /> |{{IPA link|s}}<br /> |<br /> |{{IPA link|h}}<br /> |-<br /> ![[Nasal consonant|Nasal]]<br /> |{{IPA link|m}}<br /> |{{IPA link|n}}<br /> |{{IPA link|ɲ}}<br /> |{{IPA link|ŋ}}<br /> |-<br /> ![[Trill consonant|Trill]]<br /> |<br /> |{{IPA link|r}}<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> ![[Semivowel]]<br /> |<br /> |{{IPA link|l}}<br /> |{{IPA link|j}}<br /> |{{IPA link|w}}<br /> |}<br /> '''Note(s):'''<br /> * Word initially:<br /> ** {{IPA|/r/}} is pronounced as the velar fricative {{IPA|[ɣ]}} in the syllable onset.{{Sfn|Shahidi A. H.|2009|pp=309–311}}<br /> *** In certain loan words, {{IPA|/r/}} is pronounced as an alveolar trill {{IPA|[r]}} such as in {{lang|meo|market}} {{IPA|[market]}} 'market'.<br /> * Word finally:<br /> ** Following {{IPA|/i/}}, velar nasal {{IPA|/ŋ/}} is neutralised to {{IPA|/n/}}, so {{Lang|meo|kucing}} {{IPA|/kut͡ʃiŋ/|lang=meo}} 'cat' and {{Lang|meo|kuning}} {{IPA|/kuniŋ/|lang=meo}} 'yellow' are pronounced {{IPA|[kut͡ʃen]|lang=meo}} and {{IPA|[kunen]|lang=meo}} (even spelt accordingly in rare manuscript instances i.e. {{lang|ms|کوچين}} for the former&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Gallop |first1=Annabel Teh |title=A Malay manuscript artist unveiled: Datuk Muda Muhammad of Perlis |url=https://blogs.bl.uk/asian-and-african/2015/12/a-malay-manuscript-artist-unveiled-datuk-muda-muhammad-of-perlis.html |website=Asian and African Studies |publisher=[[The British Library]] |access-date=Feb 23, 2024 |date=Dec 21, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;) though the final consonant is still underlyingly {{IPA|/ŋ/}} as can be seen from the derived forms of these words such as {{Lang|meo|kekuningan}} {{IPA|/kəkuniŋan/|lang=meo}} 'yellowness' {{IPA|[kəkuniŋan]|lang=meo}} which still retains the {{IPA|[ŋ]}}.{{Sfn|Ajid Che Kob|1997|pp=40–42}}<br /> ** {{IPA|/s/}} is neutralised to {{IPA|/h/}}, so {{Lang|meo|kurus}} {{IPA|/kurus/|lang=meo}} 'thin' is pronounced {{IPA|[kughuʲh]|lang=meo}}.{{Sfn|Ajid Che Kob|1997|pp=40–42}}{{Sfn|Shahidi A. H.|2009|pp=310–311}}<br /> *** After {{IPA|/a/}}, this {{IPA|/s/}} is palatalised, so {{lang|meo|panas}} {{IPA|/panas/|lang=meo}} 'hot' is pronounced {{IPA|[panaʲh]|lang=meo}}.<br /> ** {{IPA|/r/}} is realised as a pharyngeal fricative {{IPA|[ʕ]}} so {{lang|meo|lapar}} {{IPA|/lapar/|lang=meo}} 'hungry' is pronounced {{IPA|[lapaʕ]|lang=meo}}.{{Sfn|Shahidi A. H.|2009|pp=309–311}}<br /> <br /> === Vowels ===<br /> <br /> ==== Monophthongs ====<br /> Kedah Malay has eight [[Monophthong|monophthongs]], unlike Standard Malay which has six with {{IPA|/ɛ/}} and {{IPA|/ɔ/}} not having phonemic status.{{Sfn|Yunisrina Qismullah Yusuf|Stefanie Pillai|W. A. Wan Aslynn|Roshidah binti Hassan|2021|p=78-80}}{{Sfn|Shahidi A. H.|2009|pp=305–308}}<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;<br /> !<br /> ![[Front vowel|Front]]<br /> ![[Central vowel|Central]]<br /> ![[Back vowel|Back]]<br /> |-<br /> ![[Close vowel|Close]]<br /> |{{IPAlink|i}}<br /> |<br /> |{{IPA link|u}}<br /> |-<br /> ![[Close-mid vowel|Close-Mid]]<br /> |{{IPA link|e}}<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |{{IPA link|ə}}<br /> |{{IPA link|o}}<br /> |-<br /> ![[Open-mid vowel|Open-Mid]]<br /> |{{IPA link|ɛ}}<br /> |{{IPA link|ɔ}}<br /> |-<br /> ![[Open vowel|Open]]<br /> |{{IPA link|a}}<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |}<br /> '''Note(s):'''<br /> <br /> * In open-ended final syllables and before a glottal stop (allophone of {{IPA|/k/}} in the syllable coda) also in final syllables, {{IPA|/a/}} is realised as {{IPA|[ɒ]}}, so {{lang|meo|anak}} {{IPA|/anak/|lang=meo}} 'son/daughter' and {{lang|meo|paksa}} {{IPA|/paksa/|lang=meo}} 'to force' are pronounced {{IPA|[anɒʔ]|lang=meo}} and {{IPA|[paʔsɒ]|lang=meo}}.<br /> <br /> ==== Diphthongs ====<br /> Kedah Malay has four [[Diphthong|diphthongs]] {{IPA|/ai, au, oi, ui/}} with {{IPA|/ui/}} being a surplus diphthong that does not exist in Standard Malay.{{Sfn|Yunisrina Qismullah Yusuf|Stefanie Pillai|W. A. Wan Aslynn|Roshidah binti Hassan|2021|pp=81–82}}<br /> <br /> === Comparison with Standard Malay ===<br /> Below is a comparison between Kedah Malay and Standard Malay.{{Sfn|Yunisrina Qismullah Yusuf|Stefanie Pillai|W. A. Wan Aslynn|Roshidah binti Hassan|2021|pp=68–69}}<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;<br /> !Standard Malay<br /> Sound<br /> !Position<br /> !Kedah Malay<br /> correspondence<br /> ! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Example<br /> (Standard Malay ≙ Kedah Malay)<br /> |-<br /> |{{IPA|/il/}}<br /> | rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Word-final syllable<br /> |{{IPA|/e/}}<br /> |{{Lang|zsm|katil}} {{IPA|/katil/|lang=zsm}} 'bed'<br /> | rowspan=&quot;9&quot; |≙<br /> |{{IPA|/kate/|lang=meo}}<br /> |-<br /> |{{IPA|/el/}}<br /> |{{IPA|/ɛ/}}<br /> |{{Lang|zsm|comel}} {{IPA|/t͡ʃomel/|lang=zsm}} 'cute'<br /> |{{IPA|/t͡ʃomɛ/|lang=meo}}<br /> |-<br /> |{{IPA|/oh/}}<br /> |{{IPA|/o/}}<br /> |{{Lang|zsm|bodoh}} {{IPA|/bodoh/|lang=zsm}} 'stupid'<br /> |{{IPA|/bodo/|lang=meo}}<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |{{IPA|/o/}}<br /> |Both syllables of two-syllable words<br /> |{{IPA|/ɔ/}}<br /> |''{{Lang|zsm|sotong}}'' {{IPA|/sotoŋ/|lang=zsm}} 'squid'<br /> |{{IPA|/sɔtɔŋ/|lang=meo}}<br /> |-<br /> |First syllable of certain two-syllable words<br /> |{{IPA|/u/}}<br /> |{{Lang|zsm|boleh}} {{IPA|/boleh/|lang=zsm}} 'can'<br /> |{{IPA|/buleh/|lang=meo}}<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |{{IPA|/i.a/}}<br /> | rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |Anywhere<br /> |{{IPA|/a/}}<br /> |''{{Lang|zsm|siapa}}'' {{IPA|/si.apa/|lang=zsm}} 'who'<br /> |{{IPA|/sapa/|lang=meo}}<br /> |-<br /> |{{IPA|/ɛ/}}<br /> |{{Lang|zsm|biasa}} {{IPA|/bi.asa/|lang=zsm}} 'normal'<br /> |{{IPA|/bɛsa/|lang=meo}}<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |{{IPA|/u.a/}}<br /> |{{IPA|/o/}}<br /> |{{Lang|zsm|laut}} {{IPA|/la.ut/|lang=zsm}} 'sea'<br /> |{{IPA|/lot/|lang=meo}}<br /> |-<br /> |{{IPA|/ɔ/}}<br /> |''{{Lang|zsm|kuala}}'' {{IPA|/ku.ala/|lang=zsm}} 'estuary'<br /> |{{IPA|/kɔla/|lang=meo}}<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Vocabulary ==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |+Pronouns{{Sfn|Strife|2007}}<br /> !Kedah Malay<br /> !Standard Malay<br /> !English Translation<br /> |-<br /> |{{lang|meo|hang}}<br /> |{{lang|zsm|awak/kamu/kau}}<br /> |'you' (singular)<br /> |-<br /> |{{lang|meo|hangpå/hampå}}<br /> |{{lang|zsm|kalian}}<br /> |'you' (plural)<br /> |-<br /> |{{lang|meo|cek/aku}}<br /> |{{lang|zsm|saya/aku}}<br /> |'I'<br /> |-<br /> |{{lang|meo|cek}}<br /> |{{lang|zsm|saya}}<br /> |'I' (young to old)<br /> |-<br /> |{{lang|meo|cek}}<br /> |{{lang|zsm|kamu}}<br /> |'you' (old to young)<br /> |-<br /> |{{lang|meo|depå/lepå}}<br /> |{{lang|zsm|mereka}}<br /> |'they'<br /> |-<br /> |{{lang|meo|sépå}} (In a few certain areas) / {{lang|meo|kitorang}}<br /> |{{lang|zsm|kami}}<br /> |'we' (exclusive)<br /> |}<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |+Question Words{{sfn|Fazal Mohamed Mohamed Sultan|Nurulafiqah Suhaimi|2012|p=490}}<br /> !Kedah Malay<br /> !Standard Malay<br /> !English Translation<br /> |-<br /> |{{lang|meo|sapadiå}}, {{lang|meo|sapå}}<br /> |{{lang|zsm|siapa/siapakah}}<br /> |'who'<br /> |-<br /> |{{lang|meo|apå}},{{lang|meo|på}},{{lang|meo|padiå}},{{lang|meo|natangpå}}<br /> |{{lang|zsm|apa/apakah}}<br /> |'what'<br /> |-<br /> |{{lang|meo|bilå}},{{lang|meo|mengkalå}}<br /> |{{lang|zsm|bila/bilakah}}<br /> |'when'<br /> |-<br /> |{{lang|meo|genå}}, {{lang|meo|lagumanå}}<br /> |{{lang|zsm|bagaimana}}/{{lang|zsm|bagaimanakah}}<br /> |'how'<br /> |-<br /> |{{lang|meo|manå}}<br /> |{{lang|zsm|mana}}<br /> |'where'<br /> |-<br /> |{{lang|meo|pasaipå}},{{lang |meo|sepå}},{{lang|meo|awat}}, <br /> {{lang|meo|buatpå}}, {{lang|meo|sebabpå}}<br /> |{{lang|zsm|mengapa}}<br /> |'why'<br /> |-<br /> |{{lang|meo|bapå}}<br /> |{{lang|zsm|berapa}}<br /> |'how much'<br /> |}<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |+Basic Words{{Sfn|Strife|2007}}<br /> !Kedah Malay<br /> !Standard Malay<br /> !English Translation<br /> |-<br /> |{{lang|meo|camcå}}<br /> |{{lang|zsm|sudu}}<br /> |'spoon'<br /> |-<br /> |{{lang|meo|habaq}}<br /> |{{lang|zsm|cakap}}<br /> |'talk'<br /> |-<br /> |{{lang|meo|mai}}<br /> |{{lang|zsm|datang}}, {{lang|zsm|mari}}<br /> |'come'<br /> |-<br /> |{{lang|meo|mau}}<br /> |{{lang|zsm|nak}}<br /> |'want'<br /> |-<br /> |{{lang|meo|payah}}<br /> |{{lang|zsm|susah}}<br /> |'difficult'<br /> |-<br /> |{{lang|meo|lå}}, {{lang|meo|lani}}<br /> |{{lang|zsm|sekarang}}<br /> |'now'<br /> |-<br /> |{{lang|meo|lagu}}<br /> |{{lang|zsm|macam}}<br /> |'sort'<br /> |-<br /> |{{lang|meo|cabai}}<br /> |{{lang|zsm|cili/lada}}<br /> |'chilli'<br /> |-<br /> |{{lang|meo|hakap}}<br /> |{{lang|zsm|tamak}}<br /> |'greedy'<br /> |-<br /> |{{lang|meo|pi}}<br /> |{{lang|zsm|pergi}}<br /> |'go'<br /> |-<br /> |{{lang|meo|sat}}<br /> |{{lang|zsm|sebentar}}, {{lang|zsm|sekejap}}<br /> |'one second'<br /> |-<br /> |{{lang|meo|mengkalā}}<br /> |{{lang|zsm|bila}}, {{lang|zsm|apabila}}<br /> |'when'<br /> |-<br /> |{{lang|meo|ketegaq}}<br /> |{{lang|zsm|degil}}, {{lang|zsm|keras kepala}}<br /> |'naughty'<br /> |-<br /> |{{lang|meo|geghék}},{{Lang|meo|beskat}}<br /> |{{lang|zsm|basikal}}<br /> |'bicycle'<br /> |-<br /> |{{lang|meo|mertun}}<br /> |{{lang|zsm|tukul}}<br /> |'hammer'<br /> |-<br /> |{{lang|meo|lempaq}}<br /> |{{lang|zsm|baling}}<br /> |'throw'<br /> |-<br /> |{{lang|meo|ghabat}},{{lang|meo|ghagaih}}<br /> |{{lang|zsm|memanjat}}<br /> |'climb'<br /> |-<br /> |{{lang|meo|ligan}}<br /> |{{lang|zsm|kejar}}<br /> |'chase'<br /> |-<br /> |{{lang|meo|loqlaq}}<br /> |{{lang|zsm|tak senonoh}}<br /> |'indecent'<br /> |-<br /> |{{lang|meo|ketit}}<br /> |{{lang|zsm|gigit kecil}}<br /> |'bite softly'<br /> |-<br /> |{{lang|meo|tokak}}<br /> |{{lang|zsm|gigit}}<br /> |'bite'<br /> |-<br /> |{{lang|meo|belemoih}}<br /> |{{lang|zsm|comot}}<br /> |'messy'<br /> |-<br /> |{{lang|meo|cemuih}}<br /> |{{lang|zsm|bosan}}<br /> |'bored'<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> <br /> === Citations ===<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> === Bibliography ===<br /> {{refbegin}}<br /> * {{cite journal |author1=Fazal Mohamed Mohamed Sultan |author2=Nurulafiqah Suhaimi |year=2012 |title=Kata Soal Dalam Dialek Kedah |trans-title=WH Questions in Kedah Dialect |journal=GEMA Online Journal of Language Studies |volume=12 |issue=2 |pages=475–493 |url=https://ejournal.ukm.my/gema/article/view/622 |language=ms}}<br /> * {{cite journal |author1=Nurul Shahida Jamil |author2=Maslida Yusof |year=2015 |title=Analisis Deiksis Dialek Kedah |journal=GEMA Online Journal of Language Studies |volume=15 |issue=1 |pages=163–187 |doi=10.17576/GEMA-2015-1501-10 |doi-access=free |language=ms}}<br /> * {{cite journal |author1=Shahidi A. H. |year=2009 |title=Alternasi Dalam Fonologi Subdialek Kedah Utara |url=https://myjurnal.mohe.gov.my/public/article-view.php?id=66566 |journal=Jurnal Bahasa |volume=9 |issue=2 |pages=302–325 |language=ms}}<br /> * {{Cite journal |author1=Yunisrina Qismullah Yusuf |author2=Stefanie Pillai |author3=W. A. Wan Aslynn |author4=Roshidah binti Hassan |date=2021 |title=Vowel Production in Standard Malay and Kedah Malay Spoken in Malaysia |url=https://connect.academics.education/index.php/lij/article/view/19 |journal=Linguistics International Journal |volume=15 |issue=1 |pages=65–93}}<br /> * {{Cite journal |last=Asmah Haji Omar |date=2017 |title=Language in Kedah in Late 19th Century-Language Situation in a Malay State in Late 19th Century |url=https://mymla.org/journals/index.php/MJLL/article/view/138 |journal=Malaysian Journal of Languages and Linguistics |volume=6 |issue=2 |pages=36–47|doi= 10.24200/mjll.vol6iss2pp36-47|doi-access=free }}<br /> * {{Cite book |author=Ajid Che Kob |chapter=Word Final Nasal in Malay Dialects |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iyGd2N1KwO4C&amp;dq=Word+final+nasal+in+Malay+Dialects&amp;pg=PA35 |title=Proceedings of Seventh International Conference on Austronesian |isbn=9789042002531 |pages=35–43 |location=Amsterdam |publisher=Rodopi |year=1997 |editor-last1=Odé |editor-first1=Cecilia |editor-last2=Stokhof |editor-first2=Wim |language=en }}<br /> * {{Cite news |last=Mohd Noor Aswad |date=2 November 2019 |title=Getting to know the unique Baling dialect |work=[[New Straits Times]] |url=https://www.nst.com.my/news/nation/2019/11/535086/getting-know-unique-baling-dialect |access-date=9 February 2022}}<br /> * {{Cite web |last=Strife |first=Fiq |date=2 November 2007 |title=Kamus Dialek Melayu-Kedah |trans-title=Kedah Malay Dialect Dictionary |url=https://melayu-kedah.blogspot.com/2007/11/rujukan.html |access-date=22 May 2021 |website=Dunia Melayu Kedah |language=ms}}{{Refend}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * [http://melayu-kedah.blogspot.com/2007/11/rujukan.html Kedahan-Standard Malay Online dictionary]<br /> <br /> {{Incubator|meo}}<br /> {{Languages of Malaysia}}<br /> {{Languages of Thailand}}<br /> {{Austronesian languages}}<br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Malay, Kedah, Language}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Agglutinative languages]]<br /> [[Category:Malay dialects]]<br /> [[Category:Languages of Malaysia]]<br /> [[Category:Languages of Thailand]]<br /> [[Category:Languages of Myanmar]]<br /> [[Category:Malayic languages]]<br /> <br /> {{malayic-lang-stub}}</div> Xbypass https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Malay_language&diff=1244039209 History of the Malay language 2024-09-04T18:36:28Z <p>Xbypass: /* Old Malay (7th to 14th century) */</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|none}} &lt;!-- This short description is INTENTIONALLY &quot;none&quot; - please see WP:SDNONE before you consider changing it! --&gt;<br /> {{EngvarB|date=April 2015}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2015}}<br /> [[File:Kerinci MSS detail.jpg|thumb|Detail of [[Rencong alphabet|Rencong script]], a writing system found in central [[Sumatra]], [[Indonesia]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Voorhoeve |first=P. |date=1970 |title=Kerintji Documents |journal=Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde |volume=126 |issue=4 |pages=369–399 |doi=10.1163/22134379-90002797 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; The text reads (Voorhoeve's spelling): &quot;haku manangis ma / njaru ka'u ka'u di / saru tijada da / tang [hitu hadik sa]&quot;, which is translated by Voorhoeve as: &quot;I am weeping, calling you; though called, you do not come&quot; (hitu adik sa- is the rest of 4th line.)]]<br /> [[Malay language|Malay]] was first used in the first millennia known as Old Malay, a part of the [[Austronesian languages|Austronesian language]] family. Over a period of two [[Millennium|millennia]], Malay has undergone various stages of development that derived from different layers of foreign influences through international trade, religious expansion, [[colonisation]] and developments of new socio-political trends. The oldest form of Malay is descended from the [[Proto-Malayo-Polynesian language]] spoken by the earliest [[Austronesian people|Austronesian]] settlers in [[Southeast Asia]]. This form would later evolve into Old Malay when Indian cultures and religions began penetrating the region, most probably using the Kawi and Rencong scripts, some linguistic researchers say. Old Malay contained some terms that exist today, but are unintelligible to modern speakers, while the modern language is already largely recognisable in written Classical Malay of 1303 CE.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Teeuw|1959|p=149}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Malay evolved extensively into Classical Malay through the gradual influx of numerous elements of Arabic and Persian vocabulary when Islam made its way to the region. Initially, Classical Malay was a diverse group of dialects, reflecting the varied origins of the Malay kingdoms of Southeast Asia. One of these dialects that was developed in the literary tradition of [[Melaka Sultanate|Malacca]] in the 15th century, eventually became predominant. The strong influence of Malacca in international trade in the region resulted in Malay as a ''[[lingua franca]]'' in commerce and diplomacy, a status that it maintained throughout the age of the succeeding Malay sultanates, the European colonial era and the modern times. From the 19th to 20th century, Malay evolved progressively through significant grammatical improvements and lexical enrichment into a modern language with more than 800,000 phrases in various disciplines.<br /> <br /> ==Proto-Malayic==<br /> Proto-Malayic is the language believed to have existed in prehistoric times, spoken by the early Austronesian settlers in the region. Its ancestor, the [[Proto-Malayo-Polynesian language]] that derived from [[Proto-Austronesian]], began to break up by at least 2000 BCE as a result possibly by the southward expansion of [[Austronesian people]]s into the [[Philippines]], [[Borneo]], [[Maluku Islands|Maluku]] and [[Sulawesi]] from the island of [[Taiwan]]. The Proto-Malayic language was spoken in Borneo at least by 1000 BCE and was, it has been argued, the ancestral language of all subsequent [[Malay languages|Malay dialects]]. Linguists generally agree that the homeland of the [[Malayic languages|Malayic]] languages is in Borneo, based on its geographic spread in the interior, its variations that are not due to contact-induced change, and its sometimes conservative character.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Andaya|2001|p=317}}&lt;/ref&gt; Around the beginning of the first millennium, Malayic speakers had established settlements in the coastal regions of modern-day [[Sumatra]], [[Malay Peninsula]], [[Borneo]], [[Luzon]], [[Sulawesi]], [[Maluku Islands]], [[Riau Islands]], [[Bangka-Belitung Islands]] and [[Java-Bali Islands]].&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Andaya|2001|p=318}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> =={{anchor|Old Malay}}Old Malay (7th to 14th century)==<br /> <br /> The beginning of the common era saw the growing influence of Indian civilisation in the archipelago. With the penetration and proliferation of [[Old Tamil]] vocabulary and the influence of major [[Indian religions]] such as [[Hinduism]] and [[Buddhism]], Ancient Malay evolved into the Old Malay. The [[Dong Yen Chau inscription]], believed to be from the 4th century CE, was discovered in the northwest of Tra Kieu, near the old [[Champa]] capital of [[Indrapura (Champa)|Indrapura]], modern day [[Vietnam]];&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Abdul Rashid|Amat Juhari|2006|p=27}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Arkib Negara Malaysia|2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Morrison|1975|pp=52–59}}&lt;/ref&gt; however, it is considered to be written in [[Cham language|Old Cham]] rather than Old Malay by experts such as Graham Thurgood. &lt;!--{{Citation needed}} begin--&gt;{{fix |link=Wikipedia:Citations needed |text=more citations are needed due to multiple experts claim |class=Template-Fact }}&lt;!--{{Citation needed}} end--&gt; The oldest uncontroversial specimens of Old Malay are the 7th century CE [[Sojomerto inscription]] from [[Central Java]], [[Kedukan Bukit Inscription]] from [[South Sumatra]], [[Indonesia]] and several other inscriptions dating from the 7th to 10th centuries discovered in [[Sumatra]], [[Java]], [[Indonesia]] other islands of the [[Sunda Islands|Sunda archipelago]], as well as [[Luzon]], [[Philippines]]. All these Old Malay inscriptions used either scripts of Indian origin such as [[Pallava script|Pallava]], [[Nāgarī script|Nagari]] or the Indian-influenced old Sumatran characters.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Molen |first=Willem van der |date=2008 |title=The Syair of Minye Tujuh |journal=Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde |volume=163 |issue=2/3 |pages=356–375 |doi=10.1163/22134379-90003689 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The Old Malay system is greatly influenced by [[Sanskrit language|Sanskrit]] scriptures in terms of [[phonemes]], [[morpheme]]s, [[vocabulary]] and the characteristics of scholarship, particularly when the words are closely related to Indian culture such as ''[[Puja (Hinduism)|puja]]'', ''[[Bhakti|bakti]]'', ''[[kshatriya|kesatria]]'', ''[[maharaja]]'' and ''[[raja]]'', as well as on the Hindu-Buddhist religion such as ''[[dveṣa|dosa]]'', ''[[phala|pahala]]'', ''[[naraka|neraka]]'', ''[[svarga|syurga]]'' or ''[[svarga|surga]]'' (used in Indonesia-which was based on Malay), ''puasa'', ''[[swami|sami]]'' and ''[[vihara|biara]]'', which lasts until today. In fact, some Malays regardless of personal religion have names derived from [[Sanskrit]] such as the names of Indian Hindu gods or heroes include Puteri/Putri, Putera/Putra, Wira and Wati.<br /> <br /> It is popularly claimed that the Old Malay of the [[Srivijaya]]n inscriptions from South Sumatra, Indonesia, is the ancestor of the Classical Malay. However, as noted by some linguists, the precise relationship between these two, whether ancestral or not, is problematic and remains uncertain.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Sneddon|2003}}&lt;/ref&gt; This is due to the existence of a number of morphological and syntactic peculiarities, and affixes that are familiar from the related [[Batak languages|Batak]] language but are not found even in the oldest manuscripts of Classical Malay. It may be the case that the language of the Srivijayan inscriptions is a close cousin rather than an ancestor of Classical Malay according to Teeuws, hence he asked for more research about it.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Teeuw|1959|pp=141–143}}&lt;/ref&gt; Moreover, although the earliest evidence of Classical Malay had been found in the Malay Peninsula from 1303, Old Malay remained in use as a written language in Sumatra right up to the end of the 14th century, evidenced from Bukit Gombak inscription dated 1357&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Teeuw|1959|p=148}}&lt;/ref&gt; and Tanjung Tanah manuscript of [[Adityawarman|Adityavarman]] era (1347–1375). Later research stated that Old Malay and Modern Malay are forms of the same language in spite of some considerable differences between them.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Clavé |first=Elsa |last2=Griffiths |first2=Arlo |date=2022-10-11 |title=The Laguna Copperplate Inscription: Tenth-Century Luzon, Java, and the Malay World |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.13185/ps2022.70202 |journal=Philippine Studies: Historical and Ethnographic Viewpoints |volume=70 |issue=2 |pages=167–242 |doi=10.13185/ps2022.70202 |issn=2244-1093}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Adelaar |first=Alexander |author-link=K. Alexander Adelaar |title=The Austronesian Languages of Asia and Madagascar |date=2005 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |isbn=9780415681537 |editor-last=Adelaar |editor-first=Alexander |editor-link=K. Alexander Adelaar |location=Abingdon |pages=1–42 |language=en |chapter=The Austronesian languages of Asia and Madagascar: A historical perspective |editor-last2=Himmelmann |editor-first2=Nikolaus |editor-link2=Nikolaus P. Himmelmann}}&lt;/ref&gt; <br /> <br /> =={{anchor|Classical Malay}}Classical Malay (14th to 18th century)==<br /> [[File:KlMuseumBatuBersurat.jpg|thumb|The [[Terengganu Inscription Stone]] (1303), the earliest evidence of [[Jawi alphabet|Jawi writing]] in the Malay world.]]<br /> The period of Classical Malay started when [[Islam]] gained its foothold in the region and the elevation of its status to a [[state religion]]. As a result of [[Islamisation]] and growth in trade with the [[Muslim world]], this era witnessed the penetration of [[Arabic language|Arabic]] and [[Persian language|Persian]] vocabulary as well as the integration of major [[Islamic culture]]s with local Malay culture. The earliest instances of Arabic lexicons incorporated in the pre-Classical Malay written in Kawi was found in the [[Minye Tujoh inscription]] dated 1380 CE from [[Aceh]] in [[Sumatra]]. Nevertheless, pre-Classical Malay took on a more radical form more than half a century earlier as attested in the 1303 CE [[Terengganu Inscription Stone]] as well as the 1468 CE [[Pengkalan Kempas|Pengkalan Kempas Inscription]], both from the Malay Peninsula. Both inscriptions not only serve as the evidence of Islam as a state religion but also as the oldest surviving specimen of the dominant classical [[Orthography|orthographic]] form, the [[Jawi script]]. Similar inscriptions containing various adopted Arabic terms with some of them still written the Indianised scripts were also discovered in other parts of Sumatra and Borneo.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Collins|1998|pp=12–15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Abdul Rashid 2006 29&quot;&gt;{{harvnb|Abdul Rashid|Amat Juhari|2006|p=29}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [[File:Frontispiece of a Jawi edition of the Malay Annals.jpg|left|thumb|[[Book frontispiece|Frontispiece]] of a copy of ''[[Sulalatus al-Salatin|the Malay Annals]]'' (1612), the only available account of the history of the Malay Sultanate in the fifteenth century.]]<br /> The pre-Classical Malay evolved and reached its refined form during the golden age of the Malay empire of [[Melaka Sultanate|Malacca]] and its successor [[Johor Sultanate|Johor]] starting from the 15th century.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Sneddon|2003|pp=74–77}}&lt;/ref&gt; As a bustling port city with a diverse population of 200,000 from different nations, the largest in Southeast Asia at that time, Malacca became a melting pot of different cultures and languages.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Collins|1998|p=20}}&lt;/ref&gt; More loan words from Arab, Persian, Tamil and Chinese were absorbed and the period witnessed the flowering of [[Classical Malay literature]] as well as professional development in royal leadership and public administration. In contrast with Old Malay, the literary themes of Malacca had expanded beyond the decorative ''[[belles-lettres]]'' and [[theological]] works, evidenced with the inclusion of [[accountancy]], [[maritime law]]s, [[credit note]]s and [[trade]] [[licence]]s in its literary tradition. Some prominent manuscripts of this category are ''[[Undang-Undang Melaka]]'' (Laws of Malacca) and ''[[Undang-Undang Laut Melaka]]'' (Maritime Laws of Malacca). The literary tradition was further enriched with the translations of various foreign literary works such as ''[[Hikayat Muhammad Hanafiah]]'' and ''[[Hikayat Amir Hamzah]]'', and the emergence of new intellectual writings in [[philosophy]], [[tasawuf]], [[tafsir]], [[history]] and many others in Malay, represented by manuscripts like ''[[Sulalatus al-Salatin|the Malay Annals]]'' and ''[[Hikayat Hang Tuah]]''.&lt;ref name=&quot;Abdul Rashid 2006 29&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Collins|1998|pp=15–20}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Malacca's success as a centre of commerce, religion, and literary output has made it an important point of [[Malayisation|cultural reference]] to the many influential Malay sultanates in the later centuries. This has resulted in the growing importance of Classical Malay as the sole [[lingua franca]] of the region. Through inter-ethnic contact and trade, the Classical Malay spread beyond the traditional Malay speaking world&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Sneddon|2003|p=59}}&lt;/ref&gt; and resulted in a trade language that was called ''Melayu Pasar'' (&quot;Bazaar Malay&quot;) or ''Melayu Rendah'' (&quot;Low Malay&quot;)&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Sneddon|2003|p=84}}&lt;/ref&gt; as opposed to ''Melayu Tinggi'' (High Malay) of Malacca-Johor. In fact, Johor even played a key role in the introduction of the Malay language to various areas in the eastern part of the archipelago. It is generally believed that [[Malay trade and creole languages|Bazaar Malay]] was a pidgin, perhaps influenced by contact between Malay, Chinese and non-Malay natives traders. The most important development, however, has been that pidgin Malay creolised, creating several new languages such as the [[Baba Malay]], [[Betawi language|Betawi Malay]] and [[Malay trade and creole languages#Eastern Indonesian Malay|Eastern Indonesian Malay]].&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Sneddon|2003|p=60}}&lt;/ref&gt; Apart from being the primary instrument in spreading Islam and commercial activities, Malay also became a court and literary language for kingdoms beyond its traditional [[Malay world|realm]] like [[Aceh Sultanate|Aceh]] and [[Ternate Sultanate|Ternate]] and also used in diplomatic communications with the European colonial powers. This is evidenced from diplomatic letters from Sultan Abu Hayat II of Ternate to King [[John III of Portugal]] dated from 1521 to 1522, a letter from Sultan Alauddin Riayat Shah of Aceh to Captain [[Sir Henry Middleton]] of the [[East India Company]] dated 1602, and a golden letter from Sultan [[Iskandar Muda]] of Aceh to King [[James VI and I|James I]] of [[England]] dated 1615.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Collins|1998|pp=23–27, 44–52}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [[File:Leydekker's Judges.jpg|thumb|Leydekker's Malay translation of the Book of Judges in the Jawi script (1733).]]<br /> This era also witnessed the growing interest among foreigners in learning the Malay language for the purpose of commerce, diplomatic missions and missionary activities. Therefore, many books in the form of word-list or dictionary were written. The oldest of these was a Chinese-Malay word list compiled by the [[Ming Dynasty|Ming]] officials of the [[Hanlin Academy#Bureau of Translators|Bureau of Translators]] during the heyday of Malacca Sultanate. The dictionary was known as ''[[Huayiyiyu|Man-la-jia Yiyu]]'' ({{lang|zh|滿剌加譯語}}, Translated Words of Malacca) and contains 482 entries categorised into 17 fields namely astronomy, geography, seasons and times, plants, birds and animals, houses and palaces, human behaviours and bodies, gold and jewelleries, social and history, colours, measurements and general words.&lt;ref name=&quot;Braginsky2013&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dxwiAwAAQBAJ&amp;q=Gempita+mist&amp;pg=PA366 |title=Classical Civilizations of South-East Asia |date=2013 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-136-84879-7 |editor-last=Braginsky |editor-first=Vladimir |pages=366– |orig-year=first published 2002}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Edwards |first1=E. D. |last2=Blagden |first2=C. O. |date=1931 |title=A Chinese Vocabulary of Malacca Malay Words and Phrases Collected between A. D. 1403 and 1511 (?) |journal=Bulletin of the School of Oriental Studies, University of London |volume=6 |issue=3 |pages=715–749 |doi=10.1017/S0041977X00093204 |jstor=607205|s2cid=129174700 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=B. |first=C. O. |date=1939 |title=Corrigenda and Addenda: A Chinese Vocabulary of Malacca Malay Words and Phrases Collected between A. D. 1403 and 1511 (?) |journal=Bulletin of the School of Oriental Studies, University of London |volume=10 |issue=1 |jstor=607921 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Tan2004&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Tan |first=Chee-Beng |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BCmcEkjWOI4C&amp;pg=PA75 |title=Chinese Overseas: Comparative Cultural Issues |date=2004 |publisher=Hong Kong University Press |isbn=978-962-209-662-2 |pages=75–}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Tan2004 1&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Tan |first=Chee-Beng |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ca7UAQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA75 |title=Chinese Overseas: Comparative Cultural Issues |date=2004 |publisher=Hong Kong University Press |isbn=978-962-209-661-5 |pages=75–}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Chew2013&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Chew |first=Phyllis Ghim-Lian |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5jz6acTOquoC&amp;pg=PA79 |title=A Sociolinguistic History of Early Identities in Singapore: From Colonialism to Nationalism |date=2013 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |isbn=978-1-137-01233-3 |pages=79–}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Lach2010&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Lach |first=Donald F. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VToJrBPbQ9AC&amp;pg=PA493 |title=Asia in the Making of Europe, Volume II: A Century of Wonder. Book 3: The Scholarly Disciplines |date=2010 |publisher=The University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0-226-46713-9 |pages=493–}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite thesis |last=黃慧敏 [Ng Fooi Beng] |date=2003 |degree=Master's |publisher=國立政治大學 [National Chengchi University] |url=http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/34580&lt;!--do not switch to hdl parameter as it does not work--&gt; |language=zh |script-title=zh:新馬峇峇文學的研究 |page=[http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/bitstream/140.119/34580/6/59005106.pdf 21]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.nandazhan.com/jijinhui/nf07p013.htm |last=杨贵谊 |date=8 May 2003 |website=www.nandazhan.com |language=zh |script-title=zh:四夷馆人编的第一部马来语词典: 《满拉加国译语》 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304074315/http://www.nandazhan.com/jijinhui/nf07p013.htm |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=2016-01-05 |df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://iconada.tv/profiles/blogs/cn008 |date=3 August 2014 |website=iconada.tv |language=zh |script-title=zh:安煥然‧明朝人也學馬來話}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://opinions.sinchew.com.my/node/33525?tid=38 |date=2014-08-03 |website=opinions.sinchew.com.my |script-title=zh:安煥然‧明朝人也學馬來話 |language=zh |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304132901/http://opinions.sinchew.com.my/node/33525?tid=38 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=5 January 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://iconada.tv/m/blogpost?id=3600580%3ABlogPost%3A211706 |date=3 August 2014 |website=iconada.tv |language=zh |script-title=zh:安煥然‧明朝人也學馬來話}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Braginskiĭ2007&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Braginskiĭ |first=V. I. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s1cLAQAAMAAJ&amp;q=Gempita+fog |title=... and Sails the Boat Downstream: Malay Sufi Poems of the Boat |publisher=Department of Languages and Cultures of Southeast Asia and Oceania, University of Leiden |year=2007 |isbn=978-90-73084-24-7 |page=95}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{excessive citations inline|date=October 2020}} In the 16th century, the word-list is believed still in use in China when a royal archive official Yang Lin reviewed the record in 1560 CE.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Collins|1998|p=18}}&lt;/ref&gt; In 1522, the first European-Malay word-list was compiled by an Italian explorer [[Antonio Pigafetta]], who joined the [[Ferdinand Magellan|Magellan]]'s [[circumnavigation]] expedition. The Italian-Malay word-list by Pigafetta contains approximately 426 entries and became the main reference for the later Latin-Malay and French-Malay dictionaries.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Collins|1998|p=21}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The early phase of European colonisation in Southeast Asia began with the arrival of the Portuguese in the 16th century, the Dutch in the 17th century followed by the British in the 18th century. This period also marked the dawn of [[Christianisation]] in the region with its stronghold in [[Portuguese Malacca|Malacca]], [[Ambon, Maluku|Ambon]], [[Ternate]] and [[Kota, Jakarta|Batavia]]. Publication of Bible translations began as early as the seventeenth century although there is evidence that the [[Jesuit]] missionary, [[Francis Xavier]], translated religious texts that included Bible verses into Malay as early as the sixteenth century.&lt;ref name=&quot;De-Vries&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=de Vries |first1=Lourens |date=2018 |title=The First Malay Gospel of Mark (1629–1630) and the Agama Kumpeni|url=https://brill.com/view/journals/bki/174/1/article-p47_3.xml?lang=en |journal=Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences of Southeast Asia |volume=174 |issue=1 |doi=10.1163/22134379-17401002 |access-date=20 April 2019 |doi-access=free |hdl=1871.1/7ecbd1a4-986b-4448-a78d-3aeb2f13598d |hdl-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt; In fact, Francis Xavier devoted much of his life to missions in just four main centres, [[Malacca]], [[Ambon, Maluku|Amboina]] and [[Ternate]], [[Japan]] and [[China]], two of those were within Malay speaking realm. In facilitating missionary works, religious books and manuscripts began to be translated into Malay of which the earliest was initiated by a pious Dutch trader, Albert Ruyll in 1611. The book titled ''Sovrat A B C'' and written in Latin alphabet not only means introducing the Latin alphabet but also the basic tenets of [[Calvinism]] that include the [[Ten Commandments]], the faith and some prayers. This work later followed by several [[Bible]]s translated into Malay; ''Injil Mateus dan Markus'' (1638), ''Lukas dan Johannes'' (1646), ''Injil dan Perbuatan'' (1651), ''Kitab Kejadian'' (1662), ''Perjanjian Baru'' (1668) and ''Mazmur'' (1689).&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Collins|1998|p=55&amp;61}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Pre-Modern Malay (19th century)==<br /> The 19th century was the period of strong [[Western world|Western]] political and commercial domination in the Malay archipelago. The colonial demarcation brought by the [[Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824|1824 Anglo-Dutch Treaty]] led to [[Dutch East India Company]] effectively colonising the [[Dutch East Indies|East Indies]] in the south while the [[British Empire]] held several colonies and protectorates in the [[British Malaya|Malay peninsula]] and [[British Borneo|Borneo]] in the north. The Dutch and British colonists, realising the importance of understanding the local languages and cultures particularly Malay, began establishing various centres of linguistic, literary and cultural studies in universities like [[Leiden University|Leiden]] and [[University of London|London]]. Thousands of Malay manuscripts, as well as other historical artefacts of Malay culture, were collected and studied.&lt;ref name=&quot;Abdul Rashid 2006 32&quot;&gt;{{harvnb|Abdul Rashid|Amat Juhari|2006|p=32}}&lt;/ref&gt; The use of [[Latin script]] began to expand in the fields of administration and education whereby the influence of [[English literature|English]] and [[Dutch literature]]s and languages started to penetrate and spread gradually into the Malay language.<br /> <br /> [[File:AbdullahbinAbdulKadir-HikayatAbdullah-1849.jpg|thumb|right|A page of ''[[Hikayat Abdullah]]'' written in [[Jawi script]], from the collection of the [[National Library, Singapore|National Library of Singapore]]. A rare first edition, it was written between 1840 and 1843, printed by [[lithography]], and published in 1849.]]<br /> At the same time, the technological development in printing method that enabled mass production at low prices increased the activities of authorship for general reading in the Malay language, a development that would later shift away Malay literature from its traditional position in Malay courts.&lt;ref name=&quot;Abdul Rashid 2006 32&quot;/&gt; In addition, the report writing style of journalism began to bloom in the arena of Malay writing. <br /> <br /> A notable writer of this time was [[Malacca]]-born [[Abdullah bin Abdul Kadir|Abdullah Munsyi]] with his famous works ''[[Hikayat Abdullah]]'' (1840), ''[[Kisah Pelayaran Abdullah ke Kelantan]]'' (1838) and ''[[Kisah Pelayaran Abdullah ke Mekah]]'' (1854). Abdullah's work marks an early stage in the transition from classical to modern literature, taking Malay literature out of its preoccupation with folk-stories and legends into accurate historical descriptions.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Sneddon|2003|p=71}}&lt;/ref&gt; In fact, Abdullah himself also assisted Claudius Thomsen, a Danish priest, in publishling the first known Malay magazine, the Christian missionary themed ''Bustan Ariffin'' in Malacca in 1831, more than a half a century early than the first known Malay newspaper.&lt;ref name=&quot;Abdul Rashid 2006 33&quot;&gt;{{harvnb|Abdul Rashid|Amat Juhari|2006|p=33}}&lt;/ref&gt; Abdullah Munsyi is considered the &quot;Father of Modern Malay Literature&quot;, being the first local Malay to have his works published.<br /> <br /> [[File:Gurindam 12.jpg|thumb|left|A manuscript of ''Gurindam Dua Belas'' (1847), moral and religious guidance written in [[Jawi script]].]]<br /> Many other well-known books were published throughout the archipelago such as three notable classical literary works, ''Gurindam Dua Belas'' (1847), ''Bustanul Katibin'' (1857) and ''Kitab Pengetahuan Bahasa'' (1858) by [[Selangor]]-born [[Raja Ali Haji]] were also produced in [[Riau-Lingga]] during this time. By the mid-19th and early 20th centuries, the Malay literary world was also enlivened by female writers such as [[Riau-Lingga]]-born Raja Aisyah Sulaiman, granddaughter of [[Raja Ali Haji]] himself with her famous book ''Hikayat Syamsul Anwar'' (1890). In this book, she expresses her disapproval regarding her marriage and her attachment to the tradition and the royal court. <br /> <br /> The scholars of the Riau-Lingga also established the Rusydiyah Club, one of the first Malay literary organisations, to engage in various literary and intellectual activities in the late 19th century. It was a group of Malay scholars, who discussed various matters related to writing and publishing. There were also other famous religious books of the era that were not only published locally but also in countries like Egypt and Turkey. <br /> <br /> Among the earliest examples of Malay newspapers are ''Soerat Kabar Bahasa Malaijoe'' of Surabaya published in [[Dutch East Indies]] in 1856, ''Jawi Peranakan'' of [[Singapore]] published in 1876 and ''Seri Perak'' of Taiping published in [[British Malaya]] in 1893. There was even a Malay newspaper published in Sri Lanka in 1869, known as ''[[Alamat Langkapuri]]'', considered the first Malay newspaper ever published in the [[Jawi script]].<br /> <br /> In education, the Malay language of Malacca-Johor was regarded as the standard language and became the medium of instruction in schools during the colonial era. Starting in 1821, Malay-medium schools were established by the British colonial government in [[Penang]], [[Malacca]] and [[Singapore]]. These were followed by many others in the Malay states of the peninsula. This development generated the writing of textbooks for schools, in addition to the publication of reference materials such as Malay dictionaries and grammar books. Apart from that, an important impetus was given toward the use of Malay in British administration, which requires every public servant in service to pass the special examination in the Malay language as a condition for a confirmed post, as published in ''Straits Government Gazette 1859''. <br /> <br /> In Indonesia, the Dutch colonial government recognised the Malacca-Johor Malay used in [[Riau-Lingga]] as &quot;High Malay&quot; and promoted it as a medium of communication between the Dutch and local population. The language was also taught in schools not only in Riau but also in [[East Sumatra]], [[Java]], [[Kalimantan]] and East Indonesia.&lt;ref name=&quot;Abdul Rashid 2006 33&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Modern Malay (20th century to present)==<br /> The flourishing of pre-modern Malay literature in 19th century led to the rise of intellectual movement among the locals and the emergence of new community of Malay linguists. The appreciation of the language grew, and various efforts were undertaken by the community to further enhance the usage of Malay as well as to improve its abilities in facing the challenging modern era. Among the efforts done was the planning of a [[text corpus|corpus]] for the Malay language, first initiated by the ''Pakatan Belajar-Mengajar Pengetahuan Bahasa'' (Society for the Learning and Teaching of Linguistic Knowledge), established in 1888. The society that was renamed in 1935 as ''Pakatan Bahasa Melayu dan Persuratan Buku Diraja Johor'' (Johor Royal Society of Malay Language and Literary Works), involved actively in arranging and compiling the guidelines for spelling, dictionaries, grammars, punctuations, letters, essays, terminologies and many others.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Abdul Rashid|Amat Juhari|2006|p=35}}&lt;/ref&gt; The establishment of the [[Sultan Idris Training College]] (SITC) in [[Tanjung Malim]], [[Perak]] in 1922 intensified these efforts. In 1936, [[Zainal Abidin Ahmad (writer)|Za'ba]], an outstanding Malay scholar and lecturer of the SITC, produced a Malay grammar book series entitled ''Pelita Bahasa'' that modernised the structure of the Classical Malay language and became the basis for the Malay language that is in use today.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Ooi|2008|p=332}}&lt;/ref&gt; The most important change was in [[syntax]], from the classical passive form to the modern active form. In the 20th century, other improvements were also carried out by other associations, organisations, governmental institutions and congresses in various part of the region.<br /> <br /> Writing has its unique place in the history of self-awareness and the nationalist struggle in Indonesia and Malaysia. Apart from being the main tools to spread knowledge and information, newspapers and journals like ''Al-Imam'' (1906), ''Panji Poestaka'' (1912), ''Lembaga Melayu'' (1914), ''Warta Malaya'' (1931), ''[[Poedjangga Baroe]]'' (1933) and ''[[Utusan Malaysia|Utusan Melayu]]'' (1939) became the main thrust in championing and shaping the fight for [[nationalism]]. Writing, whether in the form of novels, short stories, or poems, all played distinct roles in galvanising the spirit of [[Indonesian National Awakening]] and [[Malay nationalism]].<br /> <br /> During the first ''Kongres Pemuda'' of Indonesia held in 1926, in the ''[[Youth Pledge|Sumpah Pemuda]]'', Malay was proclaimed as the unifying language for Indonesia. In 1945, the language which was named &quot;bahasa Indonesia&quot;, or [[Indonesian language|Indonesian]] in English, was enshrined as the [[national language]] in the constitution of the newly independent Indonesia. Later in 1957, the Malay language was elevated to the status of national language for the independent [[Federation of Malaya]] (later reconstituted as [[Malaysia]] in 1963). Then in 1959, the Malay language also received the status of national language in [[Brunei]], although it only ceased to become a British protectorate in 1984. When [[Singapore]] separated from Malaysia in 1965, Malay became the national language of the new republic and one of the four official languages. The emergence of these newly independent states paved the way for a broader and widespread use of Malay (or Indonesian) in government administration and education. Colleges and universities with Malay as their primary medium of instructions were introduced and bloomed as the prominent centres for researches and production of new intellectual writings in Malay.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Abdul Rashid|Amat Juhari|2006|p=34&amp;35}}&lt;/ref&gt; Following East Timor independence from Indonesia, the [[Indonesian language]] has been designated by the country's 2002 constitution as one of two 'working languages' (the other being English).<br /> <br /> {{quote box<br /> | width = 45%<br /> | align = right<br /> | quote = &quot;..Kami poetra dan poetri Indonesia mendjoendjoeng bahasa persatoean, bahasa Melajoe,..&quot; (Indonesian for &quot;We, the sons and daughters of Indonesia, vow to uphold the nation's language of unity, the Malay language&quot;)<br /> | salign = right<br /> | source = — The draft for the third part of ''[[Youth Pledge|Sumpah Pemuda]]'' during the first ''Kongres Pemuda'' held in 1926. The term ''[[Bahasa Melayu|Bahasa Melajoe]]'' was revised to ''Bahasa Indonesia'' (Indonesian) in 1928.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvnb|Kementerian Sosial RI|2008}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> }}<br /> <br /> Indonesian as the unifying language for Indonesia is relatively open to accommodating influences from other Indonesian ethnic group languages, [[Dutch language|Dutch]] as the previous coloniser, and [[English language|English]] as an international language. As a result, Indonesian has wider sources of loanwords, as compared to Malay as used in Malaysia, Singapore and Brunei. It has been suggested that the Indonesian language is an artificial language made official in 1928.&lt;ref name=&quot;UU No 24/2009&quot;&gt;{{cite act|type=Law|index=24|date=2009|legislature=[[People's Representative Council]]|title=Undang-undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 24 Tahun 2009 Tentang Bendera, Bahasa, dan Lambang Negara, serta Lagu Kebangsaan|url=https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Home/Details/38661/uu-no-24-tahun-2009|language=id}}&lt;/ref&gt; By artificial this means that Indonesian was designed by academics rather than evolving naturally as most common languages have, to accommodate the political purpose of establishing an official unifying language of Indonesia. By borrowing heavily from numerous other languages it expresses a natural linguistic evolution; in fact, it is as natural as the next language, as demonstrated in its exceptional capacity for absorbing foreign vocabulary. This disparate evolution of Indonesian language led to a need for an institution that can facilitate co-ordination and co-operation in linguistic development among countries with Malay language as their national language. The first instance of linguistic co-operation was in 1959 between Malaya and Indonesia, and this was further strengthened in 1972 when MBIM (a short form for ''Majlis Bahasa Indonesia-Malaysia'' – Language Council of Indonesia-Malaysia) was formed. MBIM later grew into MABBIM (''[[Majlis Bahasa Brunei-Indonesia-Malaysia]]'' – Language Council of Brunei-Indonesia-Malaysia) in 1985 with the inclusion of Brunei as a member and Singapore as a permanent observer. Other important institution is [[Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka]] established in 1956. It is a government body responsible for co-ordinating the use of the Malay language in Malaysia and Brunei.<br /> <br /> The dominant orthographic form of the Modern Malay language based on the Roman or [[Latin script]], the [[Malay alphabet]], was first developed in the early 20th century. As the Malay-speaking countries were divided between two colonial administrations (the Dutch and the British), two major different spelling orthographies were developed in the [[Dutch East Indies]] and [[British Malaya]] respectively, influenced by the orthographies of their respective colonial tongues. In 1901, the [[Van Ophuijsen Spelling System]] (1901–1947) became the standard orthography for the Malay language in the Dutch East Indies. In the following year, the government of the [[Federated Malay States]] established an orthographic commission headed by Sir [[Richard James Wilkinson]] which later developed the &quot;Wilkinson Spelling System&quot; (1904–1933). These spelling systems would later be succeeded by the [[Republican Spelling System]] (1947–1972) and the Za'ba Spelling System (1933–1942) respectively. During the [[Japanese occupation of Malaya, North Borneo and Sarawak|Japanese occupation of Malaya]] and [[Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies|Indonesia]], there emerged a system which was supposed to uniformise the systems in the two countries. The system known as ''Fajar Asia'' (or 'the Dawn of Asia') appeared to use the Republican system of writing vowels and the Malayan system of writing consonants. This system only existed during the occupation. In 1972, a declaration was made for a joint [[Orthography|spelling system]] in both nations, known as ''Ejaan Rumi Baharu'' ([[New Rumi Spelling]]) in Malaysia and ''Sistem Ejaan Yang Disempurnakan'' ([[Perfected Spelling System]]) in Indonesia. With the introduction of this new common spelling system, all administrative documents, teaching and learning materials and all forms of written communication is based on a relatively uniform spelling system and this helps in effective and efficient communication, particularly in national administration and education.<br /> <br /> Despite the widespread and institutionalised use of the [[Malay alphabet]], the [[Jawi script]] remains as one of the two official scripts in [[Brunei]], and is used as an alternate script in [[Malaysia]]. Day-to-day usage of Jawi is maintained in more conservative Malay-populated areas such as [[Pattani Province|Pattani]] in Thailand and [[Kelantan]] in Malaysia. The script is used for religious and Malay cultural administration in [[Terengganu]], [[Kelantan]], [[Kedah]], [[Perlis]] and [[Johor]]. The influence of the script is still present in [[Sulu]] and [[Marawi]] in the Philippines, while in Indonesia the Jawi script is still widely used in Riau and Riau Island province, where road signs and government buildings signs are written in this script.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite act |type=Governor Regulation |index=46 |date=2018 |article=11 |article-type=Article |legislature=Governor of Riau Province |title=Peraturan Gubernur Riau Nomor 46 Tahun 2018 Tentang Penerapan Muatan Budaya Melayu Riau Di Ruang Umum |trans-title= |url=https://jdihn.go.id/files/224/Pergub_No_46_Tahun_2018_S.PDF |language=id}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * Malay literature<br /> ** [[Malaysian literature]]<br /> ** [[Indonesian literature]]<br /> * [[Malay folklore]]<br /> * [[Ethnic Malays]]<br /> * [[Malayisation]]<br /> * [[List of Hikayat]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist|2}}<br /> <br /> ==Bibliography==<br /> * {{citation<br /> | last1 = Abdul Rashid<br /> | first1 = Melebek<br /> | last2 = Amat Juhari<br /> | first2 = Moain<br /> | title = Sejarah Bahasa Melayu<br /> | publisher = Utusan Publications &amp; Distributors<br /> | year = 2006<br /> | isbn = 967-61-1809-5<br /> }}<br /> * {{citation<br /> | last = Andaya<br /> | first = Leonard Y.<br /> | title = The Search for the 'Origins' of Melayu <br /> | url = http://sabrizain.org/malaya/library/search.pdf <br /> | journal = Journal of Southeast Asian Studies <br /> | volume = 32<br /> | issue = 3 <br /> | year = 2001<br /> | pages = 315–330<br /> | doi=10.1017/s0022463401000169<br /> | s2cid = 62886471<br /> }}<br /> * {{citation<br /> | last = Arkib Negara Malaysia<br /> | author-link = National Archives of Malaysia<br /> | title = Persada Kegemilangan Bahasa Melayu<br /> | url = http://www.arkib.gov.my/persada_bahasa<br /> | year = 2012<br /> | access-date = 27 September 2012<br /> | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120829074147/http://www.arkib.gov.my/persada_bahasa<br /> | archive-date = 29 August 2012<br /> | url-status = dead<br /> }}<br /> * {{citation<br /> | last = Asmah<br /> | first = Haji Omar<br /> | title = The Encyclopedia of Malaysia: Languages &amp; Literature<br /> | publisher = Editions Didlers Millet<br /> | year = 2004<br /> | isbn = 981-3018-52-6<br /> }}<br /> * {{citation<br /> | last = Collins<br /> | first = James T<br /> | title = Malay, World Language: A Short History<br /> | publisher = Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka<br /> | year = 1998<br /> | isbn = 978-979-461-537-9<br /> }}<br /> * {{citation<br /> | last = Kementerian Sosial RI<br /> | title = Sumpah itu, 80 tahun kemudian<br /> | url = http://www.kemsos.go.id/modules.php?name=News&amp;file=print&amp;sid=846<br /> | year = 2008<br /> | access-date = 19 October 2012<br /> | archive-date = 29 September 2013<br /> | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130929133544/http://www.kemsos.go.id/modules.php?name=News&amp;file=print&amp;sid=846<br /> | url-status = dead<br /> }}<br /> * {{citation<br /> | last = Mohamed Pitchay Gani<br /> | first = Mohamed Abdul Aziz<br /> | title = E-Kultur dan evolusi bahasa Melayu di Singapura (Master Thesis)<br /> | publisher = National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University<br /> | year = 2004<br /> }}<br /> * {{citation<br /> | last = Morrison<br /> | first = George Ernest<br /> | author-link = George Ernest Morrison<br /> | title = The Early Cham Language and Its Relation to Malay<br /> | journal = Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society<br /> | volume = 48<br /> | year = 1975<br /> }}<br /> * {{citation<br /> | last = Noriah<br /> | first = Mohamed<br /> | title = Sejarah Sosiolinguistik Bahasa Melayu Lama<br /> | publisher = Penerbit Universiti Sains Malaysia<br /> | year = 1999<br /> | isbn = 983-861-184-0<br /> }}<br /> * {{citation<br /> | last = Ooi<br /> | first = Keat Gin<br /> | title = Historical Dictionary of Malaysia<br /> | publisher = The Scarecrow Press, Inc.<br /> | year = 2008<br /> | isbn = 978-0-8108-5955-5<br /> }}<br /> * {{citation<br /> | last = Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu<br /> | author-link = Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka<br /> | title = Sejarah Perkembangan Bahasa Melayu<br /> | url = http://prpm.dbp.gov.my/Search.aspx?k=Sejarah+perkembangan+bahasa+melayu&amp;d=8<br /> | year = 2012<br /> | access-date = 27 September 2012<br /> }}<br /> * {{citation<br /> | last = Sneddon<br /> | first = James N.<br /> | title = The Indonesian Language: Its History and Role in Modern Society<br /> | publisher = University of New South Wales Press<br /> | year = 2003<br /> | isbn = 0-86840-598-1<br /> }}<br /> * {{citation<br /> | last = Teeuw<br /> | first = Andries<br /> | author-link = A. Teeuw<br /> | title = The History of the Malay Language: A Preliminary Survey<br /> | url = http://www.kitlv-journals.nl/index.php/btlv/article/viewFile/2295/3056<br /> | publisher = Royal Netherlands Institute of Southeast Asian and Caribbean Studies<br /> | year = 1959<br /> | access-date = 17 October 2012<br /> }}<br /> * {{citation<br /> | last = Thurgood<br /> | first = Graham<br /> | title = From Ancient Cham to Modern Dialects: Two Thousand Years of Language Contact and Change<br /> | publisher = University of Hawaii Press<br /> | year = 1999<br /> | isbn = 978-0-8248-2131-9<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> *[http://sealang.net/oldmalay/ Old Malay inscriptions]<br /> *[http://sealang.net/lwim/ Loan-Words in Indonesian and Malay] - compiled by the Indonesian etymological project (Russell Jones, general editor)<br /> <br /> {{Language histories}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Malay language]]<br /> [[Category:Language histories|Malay]]</div> Xbypass https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Japanese_occupation_of_the_Dutch_East_Indies&diff=1243150289 Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies 2024-08-30T20:20:47Z <p>Xbypass: /* Japanese Administration in Java under the 16th Army */</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|1942–1945 occupation during World War II}}<br /> {{EngvarB|date=March 2015}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=March 2018}}<br /> {{Infobox former country<br /> | conventional_long_name = Japanese-occupied Dutch East Indies&lt;br /&gt;{{nobold|Japanese East Indies}}<br /> | native_name = {{nowrap|{{nobold|{{native name|ja|日本占領下のオランダ領東インド}}&lt;br /&gt;''Nihon senryō-ka no orandaryōhigashiindo'' ([[Romaji]])&lt;br /&gt;{{native name|id|Pendudukan Jepang di Hindia-Belanda}} }} }}&lt;br /&gt; ''Japanse bezetting van Nederlands-Indië'' ([[Dutch language|Dutch]])<br /> | common_name = Imperial Japan<br /> | era = [[World War II]]<br /> | event_start = [[Dutch East Indies campaign|Dutch capitulation]]<br /> | date_start = 8 March<br /> | year_start = 1942<br /> | event1 = [[Pacific War]]<br /> | date_event1 = 1941–1945<br /> | event2 = [[Battle of the Java Sea|First Battle of the Java Sea]]<br /> | date_event2 = 27 February 1942<br /> | event3 = [[Second Battle of the Java Sea]]<br /> | date_event3 = 1 March 1942<br /> | event4 = [[Pontianak incidents]] (Pontianak massacres)<br /> | date_event4 = 1943–1944<br /> | event5 = [[Defenders of the Homeland|PETA]] [[1945 PETA revolt in Blitar|insurgency]]<br /> | date_event5 = 14 February 1945<br /> | event6 = [[Surrender of Japan]]<br /> | date_event6 = 15 August 1945<br /> | event_end = [[Proclamation of Indonesian Independence|Independence proclaimed]]<br /> | date_end = 17 August<br /> | year_end = 1945<br /> | status = Military occupation<br /> | status_text = [[List of territories acquired by the Empire of Japan|Military occupation]] by the [[Empire of Japan]]<br /> | p1 = Dutch East Indies<br /> | flag_p1 = Flag of the Netherlands.svg<br /> | p2 = Portuguese Timor<br /> | flag_p2 = Flag of Portugal.svg<br /> | p3 = <br /> | s1 = Indonesian National Revolution#Formation of the Republican government{{!}}Indonesia<br /> | s2 = Dutch East Indies<br /> | s3 = Portuguese Timor<br /> | flag_s3 = Flag of Portugal.svg<br /> | flag_s2 = Flag of the Netherlands.svg<br /> | flag_s1 = Flag of Indonesia.svg<br /> &lt;!--|image_map = Japanese Empire - 1942.svg--&gt;| image_map = Japanese Indies.svg<br /> | image_map_caption = The former Dutch East Indies (dark red) within the Empire of Japan (light red) at its furthest extent<br /> | national_anthem = {{transliteration|ja|[[Kimigayo]]}}{{parabr}}{{center|[[File:Kimi ga Yo 1930 instrumental.ogg]]}}&lt;br /&gt;{{lang|id|[[Indonesia Raya]]}} (unofficial){{parabr}}{{center|[[File:Indonesia Raya dalam Propaganda Jepang 2 Nippon Eigasha 2605.ogg]]}}<br /> | national_motto = [[Hakkō ichiu]]&lt;br /&gt;({{lang|ja|八紘一宇}})<br /> | image_flag = Merchant flag of Japan (1870).svg<br /> | flag_type = [[Flag of Japan|Flag of the Empire of Japan]] &amp; [[Flag of Indonesia]]<br /> | image_flag2 = Flag of Indonesia.svg<br /> | image_coat = Imperial Seal of Japan.svg<br /> | symbol_type = [[Imperial Seal of Japan|Imperial Seal]]<br /> | capital = [[Djakarta]]<br /> &lt;!-- not currently functional parameters, 5-2018. |latd=35 |latm=41 |latNS=N |longd=139 |longm=46 |longEW=E --&gt;| religion = <br /> | common_languages = [[Japanese language|Japanese]], [[Indonesian language|Indonesian]], [[Dutch language|Dutch]]<br /> | title_leader = [[Emperor of Japan|Emperor]]<br /> | leader1 = [[Hirohito]]<br /> | year_leader1 = 1942–1945<br /> | currency = [[Netherlands Indian roepiah]]<br /> | footnotes = <br /> | today = [[Indonesia]]&lt;br /&gt;[[East Timor]]<br /> | demonym = <br /> | area_km2 = <br /> | area_rank = <br /> | GDP_PPP = <br /> | GDP_PPP_year = <br /> | HDI = <br /> | HDI_year = <br /> }}<br /> {{History of Indonesia|||image=COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Schets van de Japanse intocht in Batavia zoals de Japanners het zich voorstelden TMnr 10001766.jpg|caption=Outline of the Japanese entry in Batavia, as depicted by the Japanese<br /> }}<br /> {{History of East Timor}}<br /> The [[Japanese Empire]] occupied the [[Dutch East Indies]] (now [[Indonesia]]) during [[World War II]] from March 1942 until after the end of the war in September 1945.<br /> <br /> In May 1940, Germany [[German invasion of the Netherlands|occupied the Netherlands]], and martial law was declared in the Dutch East Indies. Following the failure of negotiations between the Dutch authorities and the Japanese, Japanese assets in the archipelago were frozen. The Dutch declared war on Japan following the 7 December 1941 [[attack on Pearl Harbor]]. The Japanese invasion of the Dutch East Indies began on 10 January 1942, and the [[Imperial Japanese Army]] overran the entire colony in less than three months. The Dutch surrendered on 8 March. {{sfn|Ricklefs|2008|p=323-325}} Initially, most Indonesians welcomed the Japanese as liberators from their Dutch colonial masters. The sentiment changed, however, as between 4 and 10&amp;nbsp;million Indonesians were recruited as forced labourers (''[[romusha]]'') on economic development and defense projects in [[Java]]. Between 200,000 and 500,000 were sent away from Java to the outer islands, and as far as [[Myanmar|Burma]] and [[Thailand|Siam]]. Of those taken off Java, not more than 70,000 survived the war.{{sfn|Ricklefs|2008|p=337}} Four million people died in the Dutch East Indies as a result of famine and forced labour during the Japanese occupation, including 30,000 European civilian internee deaths.{{sfn|Dower|1986|p=296}}<br /> <br /> In 1944–1945, Allied troops largely bypassed the Dutch East Indies and did not fight their way into the most populous parts such as Java and [[Sumatra]]. As such, most of the Dutch East Indies was still under occupation at the time of Japan's surrender in August 1945.<br /> <br /> The invasion and occupation was the first serious challenge to Dutch colonial rule and brought about changes so extensive the subsequent [[Indonesian National Revolution]] became possible.{{sfn|Ricklefs|2008|p=325}} Unlike the Dutch, the Japanese facilitated the politicisation of Indonesians down to the village level.{{Citation needed|date=November 2023}} The Japanese educated, trained and armed many young Indonesians and gave their nationalist leaders a political voice.{{Citation needed|date=November 2023}} Thus, through both the destruction of the Dutch colonial regime and the facilitation of Indonesian nationalism, the Japanese occupation created the conditions for the proclamation of Indonesian independence within days of the [[Surrender of Japan|Japanese surrender]] in the Pacific.{{Citation needed|date=November 2023}} However, the Netherlands sought to reclaim the Indies, and a bitter five-year diplomatic, military and social struggle ensued, resulting in the Netherlands recognising Indonesian sovereignty in December 1949.<br /> <br /> == Background ==<br /> The Dutch East India Company and Japanese samurai they hired as mercenaries committed genocide against Muslim Bandanese on the Banda islands, quartering in their mosques, humiliating their women and beheading their orang kaya in the [[Dutch conquest of the Banda Islands|conquest]] of the [[Governorate of the Banda Islands|Banda Islands]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last=Isnaeni |first=Hendri F. |date=5 April 2010 |title=The VOC Genocide – Historia |url=https://historibersama.com/the-voc-genocide-historia/ |access-date= |website=Histori Bersama |publisher= }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last=Farid |first=Muhammad |title=Commemorating the Banda genocide in 1621 |url=https://pala.wfm.nl/banda-genocide/ |access-date= |website=Banda – PALA |publisher= }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Kenji |first1=Tsuchiya |last2=Siegel |first2=James |date=1990 |title=Invincible Kitsch or as Tourists in the Age of Des Alwi |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3351230 |journal=Indonesia |volume= |issue=50 |pages=61–76 |doi=10.2307/3351230 |jstor=3351230 |access-date= |hdl-access=free |hdl=1813/53943}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Worrall |first=Simon |date=23 June 2012 |title=The world's oldest clove tree |work=BBC |location= |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-18551857 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last=Clulow |first=Adam |date=2016 |title=Modern Painting of Massacre at Banda |url=https://amboyna.org/archive/modern-painting-massacre-banda |access-date= |website=The Amboyna Conspiracy Trial |publisher= |archive-date=7 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230607175857/https://amboyna.org/archive/modern-painting-massacre-banda |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> After the [[Meiji Restoration]] of 1868, the [[Nanshin-ron]] policy came to be advanced with the southern regions as a focus for trade and emigration.&lt;ref name=&quot;Mendl&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Mendl |first=Wolf |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xO3bh5RFfoQC |title=Japan and South East Asia: From the Meiji Restoration to 1945 |publisher=Taylor &amp; Francis |year=2001 |isbn=9780415182058 |volume=1 |pages=11–12}}&lt;/ref&gt; During the early [[Meiji period]], Japan derived economic benefits from Japanese emigrants to Southeast Asia, among which there were [[prostitutes]] (''[[Karayuki-san]]'')&lt;ref name=&quot;Matthiessen&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Matthiessen |first=Sven |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=llPeCgAAQBAJ |title=Japanese Pan-Asianism and the Philippines from the Late Nineteenth Century to the End of World War II: Going to the Philippines Is Like Coming Home? |publisher=BRILL |year=2015 |isbn=9789004305724 |series=Brill's Japanese Studies Library |page=16}}&lt;/ref&gt; who worked in brothels in the [[Dutch East Indies]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite thesis |year=2017 |title=Japanese Commodities and Formation of Japan Imagery in Colonial Indonesia: The Case Study of Jintan Pills and Its Trademark |type=Dissertation |publisher=Keio University Graduate School of Sociology |url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/145800119.pdf |access-date=26 March 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; and other western colonies in Southeast Asia.<br /> <br /> Lowland Chinese in 1904 sold Beaumont and Winchester rifles in Sumatra to Bataks who were attacking and fighting the Dutch.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Tagliacozzo |first=Eric |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AMhAb3XGmH4C&amp;dq=%22Sumatra+local+chiefs+were+still+procuring%22&amp;pg=PA276 |title=Secret Trades, Porous Borders: Smuggling and States Along a Southeast Asian Frontier, 1865-1915 |date=2008 |publisher=Yale University Press |isbn=978-0300128123 |edition=illustrated |series=Yale Historical Publications Series |location= |page=276 |author-link=}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.scribd.com/document/373549060/Document |title=Document &amp;#124; PDF &amp;#124; Smuggling &amp;#124; Borneo |website=Scribd}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The Chinese in Indonesia had a hostile relationship with Dutch colonialists from the [[Java War (1741–1743)]] to the [[Kongsi Wars]] like the [[Expedition to the West Coast of Borneo]], [[Expedition against the Chinese in Montrado]] and the [[Mandor rebellion]].<br /> <br /> Until 1942, what is now Indonesia was a colony of the Netherlands and was known as the [[Dutch East Indies]]. In 1929, during the [[Indonesian National Awakening]], Indonesian nationalist leaders [[Sukarno]] and [[Mohammad Hatta]] (later founding [[List of Presidents of Indonesia|president]] and [[List of Vice Presidents of Indonesia|vice president]], respectively), foresaw a [[Pacific War]] and that a Japanese advance on the Dutch East Indies might be advantageous for the independence cause.{{sfn|Friend|2003|p=29}}<br /> <br /> [[File:1943 World War II Japanese Aeronautical Map of Java - Geographicus - Java11-wwii-1943.jpg|thumb|left|Map prepared by the Japanese during World War II, depicting [[Java]], the most populous island in the [[Dutch East Indies]]]]<br /> <br /> The Japanese spread the word that they were the &quot;Light of Asia&quot;. Japan was the only Asian nation that had successfully transformed itself into a modern technological society at the end of the 19th century, and it remained independent when most Asian countries had been under European or [[United States of America|American]] power, and had beaten a European power, Russia, in war.{{sfn|Vickers|2013|pp=86–87}} Following [[Second Sino-Japanese War|its military campaign in China]], Japan turned its attention to [[Southeast Asia]], advocating to other Asians a [[Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere]], which they described as a type of trade zone under Japanese leadership. The Japanese had gradually spread their influence through Asia in the first half of the 20th century and during the 1920s and 1930s had established business links in the Indies. These ranged from small town barbers, photographic studios and salesmen, to large department stores and firms such as [[Suzuki]] and [[Mitsubishi]] becoming involved in the sugar trade.{{sfn|Vickers|2013|pp=85–86}}<br /> <br /> The [[Japanese migration to Indonesia|Japanese population in Indonesia]] peaked in 1931 with 6,949 residents before starting a gradual decrease, largely as a result of economic tensions between Japan and the Netherlands Indies government.{{sfn|Yamamoto|2000|p=}} Many Japanese had been sent by their government to establish links with Indonesian nationalists, particularly with Muslim parties, while Indonesian nationalists were sponsored to visit Japan. Such encouragement of Indonesian nationalism was part of a broader Japanese plan for an &quot;Asia for the Asians&quot;.{{sfn|Vickers|2013|p=86}} While most Indonesians were hopeful for the Japanese promise of an end to the Dutch racially based system, Chinese Indonesians, who enjoyed a privileged position under Dutch rule, were less optimistic.{{sfn|Vickers|2013|p=86}} Japanese aggression in [[Manchuria]] and [[China]] in the late 1930s caused anxiety amongst the [[Chinese Indonesian|Chinese]] in Indonesia who set up funds to support the anti-Japanese effort. Dutch intelligence services also monitored Japanese living in Indonesia.{{sfn|Vickers|2013|p=86}}<br /> <br /> In November 1941, Madjlis Rakjat Indonesia, an Indonesian organisation of religious, political and [[trade union]] groups, submitted a memorandum to the Dutch East Indies Government requesting the mobilisation of the Indonesian people in the face of the war threat. The memorandum was rejected because the Government did not consider the Madjlis Rakyat Indonesia to be representative of the people. Less than four months later, the Japanese had occupied the archipelago.{{sfn|Bidien|1945|pp=345–346}}<br /> <br /> == Invasion ==<br /> {{Main|Dutch East Indies campaign}}<br /> [[File:JapaneseOccupiedIndonesia.png|thumb|250px|Map of the Japanese administrative areas after April 1943]]<br /> On 8 December 1941, the [[Dutch government-in-exile]] declared war on Japan.{{sfn|Ricklefs|2008|pp=324–325}} In January 1942 the [[American-British-Dutch-Australian Command]] was formed to co-ordinate [[Allies of World War II|Allied]] forces in Southeast Asia, under the command of General [[Archibald Wavell, 1st Earl Wavell|Archibald Wavell]].{{sfn|War History Office|2015|p=437}} In the weeks leading up to the invasion, senior Dutch government officials went into exile, taking political prisoners, family, and personal staff to Australia. Before the arrival of Japanese troops, there were conflicts between rival Indonesian groups where people were killed, vanished or went into hiding. Chinese- and Dutch-owned properties were ransacked and destroyed.{{sfn|Taylor|2003|pp=310–311}}<br /> <br /> The invasion in early 1942 was swift and complete. By January 1942, parts of [[Sulawesi]] and [[Kalimantan]] were under Japanese control. By February, the Japanese had [[Invasion of Sumatra|landed on Sumatra]] where they had encouraged the [[Acehnese people|Acehnese]] to rebel against the Dutch.{{sfn|Vickers|2013|p=90}} On 19 February, having [[Battle of Ambon|already taken Ambon]], the Japanese Eastern Task Force [[Battle of Timor|landed in Timor]], dropping a special parachute unit into West Timor near [[Kupang]], and landing in the [[Dili]] area of [[Portuguese Timor]] to drive out the Allied forces which had invaded in December.{{sfn|Horton|2007|p=}}<br /> <br /> On 27 February, the Allied navy's last effort to contain Japan was swept aside by their defeat in the [[Battle of the Java Sea]].{{sfn|Vickers|2013|p=90}} From 28 February to 1 March 1942, Japanese troops landed on four places along the northern coast of Java almost undisturbed.{{sfn|Pike|2016|pp=322–333}} The fiercest fighting had been in invasion points in [[Battle of Ambon|Ambon]], Timor, Kalimantan, and on the [[Java Sea]]. In places where there were no Dutch troops, such as [[Bali]], there was no fighting.{{sfn|Taylor|2003|p=310}} On 8 March, Japanese soldiers seized the [[NIROM]] radio station in [[Batavia, Dutch East Indies|Batavia]] and ordered broadcasts to continue. The radio employees defiantly played ''[[Het Wilhelmus]]'' which resulted in the Japanese executing 3 of them.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-1275078733/view?sectionId=nla.obj-1334117303&amp;partId=nla.obj-1275085627#page/n5/mode/1up |title=Radio chief held at gun point |work=ABC Weekly |via=Trove |date=1946-06-29 |access-date=2023-08-17}}&lt;/ref&gt; On 9 March, the Dutch commander surrendered along with Governor General [[Alidius Tjarda van Starkenborgh Stachouwer|Jonkheer A.W.L. Tjarda van Starkenborgh Stachouwer]].{{sfn|Vickers|2013|p=90}}<br /> <br /> The Japanese occupation was initially greeted with optimistic enthusiasm by Indonesians who came to meet the Japanese army waving flags and shouting support such as &quot;Japan is our older brother&quot; and &quot;''banzai Dai Nippon''&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;mizu&quot;&gt;{{Harvnb|Mizuma|2013|pp=49–68}}&lt;/ref&gt; As the Japanese advanced, rebellious Indonesians in virtually every part of the archipelago killed groups of Europeans (particularly the Dutch) and informed the Japanese reliably on the whereabouts of larger groups.{{sfn|Womack|2006|pp=194–196}} As famed Indonesian writer [[Pramoedya Ananta Toer]] noted: &quot;With the arrival of the Japanese just about everyone was full of hope, except for those who had worked in the service of the Dutch.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{harvtxt|Pramoedya Ananta Toer|1998|pp=157–158}} quoted in {{harvtxt|Vickers|2013|p=85}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Japanese administration ==<br /> Expecting that Dutch administrators would be kept by the Japanese to run the colony, most Dutch had refused to leave. Instead, they were sent to [[List of concentration and internment camps#World War II (Japan)|detention camps]] and Japanese or Indonesian replacements were installed in senior and technical positions.{{sfn|Cribb|Brown|1995|p=13}} Japanese troops took control of government infrastructure and services such as ports and postal services.{{sfn|Taylor|2003|p=310}} In addition to the 100,000 European (and some Chinese) civilians interned, 80,000 Dutch, British, Australian, and US Allied troops went to prisoner-of-war camps where the death rates were between 13 and 30 percent.{{sfn|Vickers|2013|p=90}} The Indonesian ruling class (composed of local officials and politicians who had formerly worked for the Dutch colonial government) co-operated with the Japanese military authorities, who in turn helped to keep the local political elites in power and employ them to supply newly arrived Japanese industrial concerns and businesses and the armed forces (chiefly auxiliary military and police units run by the Japanese military in the Dutch East Indies). Indonesian co-operation allowed the Japanese military government to focus on securing the large archipelago's waterways and skies and using its islands as defense posts against any Allied attacks (which were assumed to most likely come from Australia).{{sfn|Taylor|2003|p=311}}<br /> <br /> [[File:Malang. (Reproductie van een foto, genomen onder de Japanse bezetting.) De Japan, Bestanddeelnr 344-5-4.jpg|thumb|[[Ching Nan Shrine]] in [[Malang]], [[East Java]]. One out of 11 Shinto shrines built in Indonesia.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=中島 |first1=三千男 |last2=津田 |first2=良樹 |last3=稲宮 |first3=康人 |date=2019-03-20 |title=旧オランダ領東印度(現インドネシア共和国)に建てられた神社について |url=https://kanagawa-u.repo.nii.ac.jp/records/12706 |journal=非文字資料研究センター News Letter |language=ja |issue=41 |pages=17–23 |issn=2432-549X}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]<br /> The Japanese divided Indonesia into three separate regions; Sumatra (along with [[British Malaya|Malaya]]) was placed under the [[Twenty-Fifth Army (Japan)|25th Army]], Java and [[Madura]] were under the [[Sixteenth Army (Japan)|16th Army]], while Borneo and eastern Indonesia were controlled by the 2nd South Fleet of the [[Imperial Japanese Navy]] (IJN) based in [[Makassar]]. The 16th Army was headquartered in Jakarta and the 25th Army was based in [[Singapore]] until April 1943, when its command was narrowed to just Sumatra and the headquarters moved to [[Bukittinggi]].{{sfn|Ricklefs|2008|p=325}}{{sfn|Reid|1971|p=22}}<br /> <br /> ===Japanese Administration in Java under the 16th Army===<br /> In Java, the 16th Army had planned to manage Java as a single entity. However the army had not brought enough administration experts to set up a separate body. A large number of Japanese residents in Java, who could have advised the occupiers, were taken to Australia at the outbreak of war, while a group of civilian administrators were killed in the Battle of the Java Sea. Problems were compounded by the fact that very few Indonesians spoke Japanese. In August 1942, the administration was formally separated from the army command. The military government structure consisted of three positions, namely Gunshirekan, Gunseikan, and Gunseibu. The personnel was similar to the structure of [[Sixteenth Army (Japan)|16th Army]].<br /> * Army Commander ({{Nihongo|2=軍司令官|3=gunshireikan|4=commonly Romanized as ''gunshirekan'' in Indonesia}}) who was also called Supreme Commander ({{Nihongo|2=最高指揮官|3=saikou shikikan|5=sometimes Romanized as ''Seiko Shikikan'' in Indonesia}}) , was the supreme commander and highest leader. The first army commander was General [[Imamura Hitoshi]], continued with {{ill|Harada Kumakichi|ja|原田熊吉|id|Harada Kumakichi}}, {{ill|Yamamoto Moichiro|ja|山本茂一郎|id|Moichiro Yamamoto}} (acting), and {{ill|Yuichiro Nagano|ja|長野祐一郎|id|Yuichiro Nagano}}.<br /> * The head of the military government ({{Nihongo|2=軍政官|3=gunseikan}} was also the chief of staff. The first chief of staff to serve was Major General Seizaburo Okasaki, then Kokubun Shinshichiro, and lastly [[Yamamoto Moichiro]] who also became acting Gunshirekan. His deputy headed the most important section of the administration, the Department of General Affairs ({{Lang-ja|総務部|translit=sōmubu}}), which acted as a secretariat and issued policies. Other than this department there were 9 other departments.<br /> * {{Nihongo3||軍政部|Gunseibu}} was a government coordinator tasked with restoring order and security, or a kind of governor. There were five Gunseibu, representing West Java, Central Java, East Java, Kochi Surakarta, and Kochi Yogyakarta. Hence while the Japanese formally abolished the three provinces and the two governorates, it never disappeared.<br /> <br /> The local government structure in Java was as follows:<br /> * Shū (州) or romanized in Indonesian as Syuu, or the former residencies. The Kanji used mean the provinces, similar to the [[Provinces of Japan]] even though it is translated as prefectures. This would formally become the highest government level following the formal abolishment of the provinces and governorates. There were 17 Syuu formalized by Law 27/1942 since August 8, 1942. It has no modern Indonesian equivalent, as it was abolished in 1963 by Regulation of the President of the Republic of Indonesia No. 22 Tahun 1963.<br /> * Shi or Syi (市) and Ken (県), represented the former Dutch Stadsgemeente or municipality, and the regencies respectively. The literal meaning of the kanjis used mean cities and prefecture respectively. Its modern equivalents are [[City status in Indonesia|City]] and [[Regency (Indonesia)|Regency]].<br /> * Gun (郡), represented the former Dutch district kewedanaan, similar to the [[Districts of Japan]]. Its modern equivalent was also abolished in 1963 by the same regulation as the residency.<br /> * Son (村), represented the former Dutch onderdistrict (subdistrict), similar to Japanese villages even though it would be the modern equivalent of [[districts of Indonesia]].<br /> * Ku (区), represented the former pseudo-level of villages, which during the Dutch era was functioning despite its not a formal administrative division. It was the first time the villages were part of official administrative hierarchy, and would be inherited by the Republic of Indonesia as [[Villages of Indonesia|villages]]<br /> Informal:<br /> * Azajōkai or Azazyookai (字常会), represented the modern time [[Rukun Warga]]. It was not as official administrative division but a grouping of territorial neighborhood association.<br /> * [[Tonarigumi]] (隣組), represented the modern time [[Rukun Tetangga]]. It was not as official administrative division but a territorial neighborhood association.<br /> <br /> ===Japanese Administration in Sumatra under the 25th Army===<br /> {{Main|Japanese occupation of West Sumatra}}<br /> In Sumatra, the 25th Army had the same structure. The first Gunshirekan was [[Tomoyuki Yamashita]]. The division however was as follows:<br /> <br /> Held by Japanese:<br /> * Shū (州), the former residencies. There were 10 in Sumatra, the same as during the Dutch era.<br /> * Shi (市) and Bunshū (分周) which respectively represented the former Dutch Stadsgemeente and the former afdeeling. Led by Shichō (市長) and Bunshūchō (分周長) who occasionally also acted as the chief of police ({{Nihongo|2=警務部長|3=keimu-buchō}}. There were 6 Shi and 26 Bunshū, three less Shi and one less Bunshū than the Dutch era as the Shi were merged back to the surrounding Bunshū and the Riau islands fell under the jurisdiction of Singapore.<br /> Held by Native Indonesians<br /> * Fukubunshū (副分周) in some Shū, like Aceh, East Sumatra, West Sumatra, and Palembang, equivalent with onderafdeeling led by a kantokukan which was equivalent to controleur.<br /> * Gun (郡), represented the Sumatran landschap which was equivalent to onderdistrict/asisten kewedanaan in Java<br /> * Fukugun (副郡), a new grouping of several villages, actually more similar to the Javanese Son<br /> * Son (村), represented the former pseudo-level of villages<br /> <br /> ===Japanese Administration in Other Islands under the Japanese Navy===<br /> In the region controlled by the navy, the plan was to turn to area into a permanent colony administered by civilian Japanese bureaucrats, but still subordinate to the navy. Therefore, the IJN brought administrators with them.<br /> <br /> Initially the military administration of Minami Borneo or the Dutch Borneo fell under the jurisdiction of the [[Southwest Area Fleet]] led by a commander-in-chief, who in turn, appointed a superintendent-general or chief civil administrator or {{Lang-ja|総官|translit=sōkan}} for civil government. The sōkan oversaw the Naval Civil Administration Office ({{Lang-ja|民政府|translit=minseifu}}) established in Makassar.<br /> <br /> Japanese held:<br /> * Shū (州), the former Residency, when a Residency coincided with the seat of a Minseibu, such as residentie Zuider-en-Oosterafdeeling van Borneo with Banjarmasin as its capital, it became a &quot;Direct Rule Area&quot; under the Minseibu, in this case, the Borneo Minseibu.<br /> * Bunken (分遣, area) represented the Dutch Afdeeling.<br /> Native held:<br /> * Gun (郡) or district, a new grouping of the former onderdistrict<br /> * Fukugun (副郡), represented the outer islands landschap which was equivalent to onderdistrict/asisten kewedanaan in Java.<br /> * Son (村) or Kampung (village), the former pseudo-level of villages<br /> <br /> ==Treatment of the Indonesian population==<br /> Experience of the occupation varied considerably, depending upon location and social position. Many who lived in areas considered important to the war effort experienced torture, sex slavery, arbitrary arrest and execution, and other war crimes. Many thousands of people were taken away from Indonesia as [[forced labour]]ers (''[[romusha]]'') for Japanese military projects, including the [[Burma Railway|Burma-Siam]] and [[Saketi-Bayah railway]]s, and suffered or died as a result of ill-treatment and starvation. Between 200,000 and 500,000 ''romusha'' recruited from Java were forced to work by the Japanese military.{{sfn|Dower|1986|p=296}}<br /> <br /> Tens of thousands of Indonesians starved, worked as slave labourers, or were forced from their homes. In the National Revolution that followed, tens, even hundreds, of thousands, would die in fighting against the Japanese, Allied forces, and other Indonesians, before independence was achieved.{{sfn|Vickers|2013|p=94}}{{sfn|Ricklefs|2008|p=325}} A later [[United Nations]] report stated that 4,000,000 people died in Indonesia as a result of famine and forced labour during the Japanese occupation, including 30,000 European soldiers and European civilian internee deaths.{{sfn|Dower|1986|p=296}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.niod.nl/en/frequently-asked-questions/japanese-occupation-and-pacific-war-numbers | title=The Japanese Occupation and Pacific War (In numbers) }}&lt;/ref&gt; A Dutch government study describing how the Japanese military recruited women as prostitutes by force in Indonesia concluded that among the 200 to 300 European women working in the Japanese military brothels, &quot;some sixty five were most certainly [[comfort women|forced into prostitution]].&quot;{{sfn|Asian Women's Fund|p=}}{{sfn|Soh|2008|p=21}}<br /> Other young women (and their families), faced with various pressures in the internment camps or in wartime society, agreed to offers of work, the nature of which was frequently not explicitly stated.{{sfn|Soh|2008|p=22}}{{sfn|Poelgeest|1994|p=2}}<br /> <br /> === War crimes ===<br /> The Japanese brought Indonesian Javanese girls to British Borneo as comfort women to be raped by Japanese officers at the Ridge road school and Basel Mission Church, and the Telecommunication Center Station (former rectory of the All Saints Church) in Kota Kinabalu as well as ones in Balikpapan and Beaufort. Japanese soldiers raped Indonesian women and Dutch women in the Netherlands East Indies. Many of the women were infected with STDs as a result.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Narayanan |first1=Arujunan |date=2002 |title=Japanese war crimes and Allied crimes trials in Borneo during World War II |url=http://journalarticle.ukm.my/404/1/1.pdf |journal=JEBAT |volume=29 |issue= |pages=10, 11 |doi= |access-date=23 August 2023 |archive-date=4 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404043656/http://journalarticle.ukm.my/404/1/1.pdf |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |date=2020-12-15 |title=At the Mercy of the Enemy: the Record of a Japanese War Criminal |url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/364935212.pdf |journal=教育学論究 |volume=29 |issue=12 |pages=29–40 |doi=}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |author1=Salbiah bt Mohamed Salleh |author2=Jamil bin Ahmad |author3=Mohd Aderi bin Che Noh |author4=Aminudin bin Hehsan |date=2018 |title=Profil Akhlak Guru Pendidikan Islam Di Malaysia |journal=International Journal of Islamic and Civilizational Studies |volume=5 |issue=1 |pages=80–93 |doi=10.11113/umran2018.5n2.187 |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sukarno prostituted Indonesian girls from ethnic groups like Minangkabau to the Japanese.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Penders |first=Christian Lambert Maria |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WswLAAAAIAAJ&amp;q=%22This+impression+is+reinforced+by+Sukarno%27s+own+glowing+reports26+of+how+he+was+successful+in+regulating+rice+supplies+in+Padang+and+in+procuring+prostitutes+for+the+Japanese+soldiers+,+activities+which+cannot+exactly+be+described+as+...%22 |title=The Life and Times of Sukarno |date=1974 |publisher=Sidgwick &amp; Jackson |isbn=0283484144 |edition=illustrated |page=64 |quote=This impression is reinforced by Sukarno's own glowing reports26 of how he was successful in regulating rice supplies in Padang and in procuring prostitutes for the Japanese soldiers , activities which cannot exactly be described as ...}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Friend |first=Theodore |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_w6Mn4xRLt8C&amp;dq=sukarno+prostitution+japanese&amp;pg=PA27 |title=Indonesian Destinies |date=2009 |publisher=Harvard University Press |isbn=978-0674037359 |edition=unabridged |page=27 |quote=Sukarno's first administrative act, he acknowledges, was to gather 120 prostitutes as &quot;volunteers&quot; to be penned in a special camp for service to Japanese soldiers. He congratulated himself on simultaneously enhancing the women's income, sating the lust of the invaders, and thereby protecting virtuous Minangkabau maidens.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Levenda |first=Peter |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UsyhkoJTqzYC&amp;dq=sukarno+prostitution+japanese&amp;pg=PA52 |title=Tantric Temples: Eros and Magic in Java |date=2011 |publisher=Nicolas-Hays, Inc. |isbn=978-0892546015 |page=52}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Geerken |first=Horst H. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YqhUdrlRDFUC&amp;dq=peta+prostitutes+japanese+indonesian&amp;pg=PA145 |title=A Gecko for Luck: 18 years in Indonesia |date=2015 |publisher=BoD – Books on Demand |isbn=978-3839152485 |edition=2 |page=145}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Krausse |first1=Gerald H. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7KoUAQAAIAAJ&amp;q=%22had+to+wear+identification+tags+.+Some+270,000+Indonesians+were+conscripted+to+work+in+Burma+,+but+only+7,000+returned+;+many+thousands+were+kept+in+Japan+as+prisoners+of+war+and+never+came+back+.+Indonesian+women+were+routinely+rounded+up+to+serve+as+prostitutes+in+Japanese+army+camps+.%22 |title=Indonesia |last2=Krausse |first2=Sylvia C. Engelen |date=1994 |publisher=Clio Press |isbn=1851091270 |edition=2nd |page=xxviii |quote=had to wear identification tags. Some 270,000 Indonesians were conscripted to work in Burma, but only 7,000 returned; many thousands were kept in Japan as prisoners of war and never came back. Indonesian women were routinely rounded up to serve as prostitutes in Japanese army camps.}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Japanese destroyed many documents related to their rape of Indonesian Javanese girls at the end of the war so the true extent of the mass rape is uncountable, but testimony witnesses records the names and accounts of Indonesian Javanese comfort women.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Stetz |first1=Margaret D. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RW2mBgAAQBAJ&amp;dq=%22fifty+Javanese+girls+were+strictly+supervised+by+a+Japanese+woman%22&amp;pg=PA62 |title=Legacies of the Comfort Women of World War II |last2=Oh |first2=Bonnie B. C. |date=2015 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1317466253 |edition=illustrated |location= |pages=61–64 |author-link=}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The Japanese, in one instance, tried to disguise the Javanese comfort girls they were raping as red cross nurses with red cross armbands when they surrendered to Australian soldiers in Kupang, Timor.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite AV media |url=https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/120083 |title=KOEPANG, TIMOR 1945-10-02. TIMFORCE. TWENTY SIX JAVANESE GIRLS WHO WERE LIBERATED AT KOEPANG FROM JAPANESE BROTHELS. JUST PRIOR TO THEIR RELEASE THE JAPANESE ISSUED THEM WITH RED CROSS ARM BANDS IN AN ATTEMPT TO CAMOUFLAGE THE FOUL MANNER IN WHICH THESE GIRLS HAD BEEN USED. YOUNG LADY IN CHIEF OF THE GIRLS IS KOMORIAH. SHE IS HOLDING THE DOLL SHE KEPT THROUGHOUT HER ENFORCED STAY IN JAPANESE HANDS. (PHOTOGRAPHER K. B. DAVIS) |date=2 October 1945 |publisher=Australian War Memorial |id=120083 |people=comfort women}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite AV media |url=https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/120087 |title=KOEPANG, TIMOR 1945-10-03. TIMFORCE. TWENTY SIX JAVANESE GIRLS WHO WERE LIBERATED AT KOEPANG FROM JAPANESE BROTHELS. JUST PRIOR TO THEIR RELEASE THE JAPANESE ISSUED THEM WITH RED CROSS ARM BANDS IN AN ATTEMPT TO CAMOUFLAGE THE FOUL MANNER IN WHICH THESE GIRLS HAD BEEN USED. THESE GIRLS WILL NOW BE CARED FOR BY THE NETHERLANDS INDIES CIVIL ADMINISTRATION. (PHOTOGRAPHER K. B. DAVIS) |date=2 October 1945 |publisher=Australian War Memorial |id=120087 |people=comfort women}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Tanaka |first=Yuki |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mV5dymPXNBgC&amp;dq=They+were+living+in+the+ruins+of+the+Japanese+comfort+station+at+Beaufort+(presently+Weston)+on+the+Padas+River+in+...+The+Japanese+tried+to+camouflage+this+by+making+them+wear+Red+Cross+armbands.63+The+Australian+forces+apparently+had+...&amp;pg=PA81 |title=Japan's Comfort Women |date=2003 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=1134650124 |page=81}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Stetz |first1=Margaret D. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RW2mBgAAQBAJ&amp;dq=The+Japanese+tried+to+camouflage+this+by+making+them+wear+Red+Cross+armbands.%22+It+seems+that+the+Australian+forces+had+no+intention+of+finding+out+which+Japanese+were+responsible+for+crimes+against+these+Indonesian+women.&amp;pg=PA63 |title=Legacies of the Comfort Women of World War II |last2=Oh |first2=Bonnie B. C. |date=2015 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1317466253 |edition=illustrated |location= |page=63}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=B1u7AAAAIAAJ&amp;q=Japan%27s+Comfort+Women+,+Theirs+and+Ours+by+Murray+Sayle+Late+in+August+1944+,+Australian+troops+securing+the+island+of+Timor+after+Japan%27s+surrender+came+across+a+group+of+40+young+Javanese+women+wearing+Red+Cross+armbands+,+although |title=JPRI Critique: A Publication of the Japan Policy Research Institute, Volume 9 |publisher=Japan Policy Research Institute |page=1}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{sfn|Post|2009|p=194}}<br /> <br /> In addition to disguising the Java girls with Red Cross armbands some Dutch girls were also brought to Kupang and native girls from Kupang were also kidnapped by the Japanese while the native men were forced into hard labour.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Mackie |first=Vera |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tiUlDwAAQBAJ&amp;dq=A+native+who+worked+in+a+Koepang+cafe+before+the+war+said+that+the+Japanese+forfeited+co-operation+of+the+natives+by+...+japanese+returned+them+to+bima+dressed+in+the+red+cross+uniforms+they+originally+wore+to+timor+break+the+japanese+...&amp;pg=PA140 |title=Sources and Methods in Histories of Colonialism: Approaching the Imperial Archive |date=2017 |publisher=Taylor &amp; Francis |isbn=978-1351986632 |editor1-last=Reid |editor1-first=Kirsty |edition=illustrated |series=Routledge Guides to Using Historical Sources |page=140 |chapter=Gender, geopolitics and gaps in the records |editor2-last=Paisley |editor2-first=Fiona}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Indian and Javanese captives in Biak were freed from Japanese control by Allied forces.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Boyer |first=Allen D |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4QylDgAAQBAJ&amp;dq=...+lumber+and+sawmills;+officers%27+clubs;+pornography;+proposed+Red+Cross+post+clubs;+PX+(post+exchange)+operations;+...+improvements+and+comforts;+infantry+fighting;+Japanese+resistance;+Javanese+and+Indian+prisoners+liberated;+...&amp;pg=PT227 |title=Rocky Boyer's War: An Unvarnished History of the Air Blitz that Won the War in the Southwest Pacific |date=2017 |publisher=Naval Institute Press |isbn=978-1682470978}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Only 70,000 Javanese survived out of 260,000 Javanese forced to labour on the death railway between Burma and Thailand.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Trevor |first=Malcolm |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PrAoHzoP1QkC&amp;pg=PA124 |title=Japan: Restless Competitor : the Pursuit of Economic Nationalism |date=2001 |publisher=Psychology Press |isbn=1903350026 |edition=illustrated |page=124}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In August 1945 the Japanese were getting ready to execute female European internees by shooting in the Dutch East Indies and their plans were only stopped by the atomic bomb with the plans and list of detainees already written down.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Jennings |first1=Captain Mick |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FhMZEAAAQBAJ&amp;dq=The+Javanese+nationalist+movement+who+wanted+to+take+back+Indonesia+from+the+Dutch+were+on+the+rampage.+...+The+Japanese,+afraid+of+retribution+from+the+Allies,+started+handing+out+Red+Cross+parcels+and+mail+and+even+gave+a+concert+for+...&amp;pg=PA168 |title=Escape to Japanese Captivity: A Couple's Tragic Ordeal in Sumatra, 1942–1945 |last2=Jennings |first2=Margery |date=2021 |publisher=Pen and Sword Military |isbn=978-1526783127 |page=168}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Francis Stanley (Frank) Terry, an Australian sailor on a naval vessel participated in the repatriation of Indonesian Javanese comfort women from islands across Indonesia back to their home.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite AV media |url=https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/S01794 |title=F3781 Francis Stanley Terry as a cook; minesweeper HMAS Mercedes and corvette HMAS Warrnambool; Australian western approaches and northern and eastern waters; 1941-1946; interviewed by John Roberts |date=27 July 1995 |type= |language= |time=! Hour Australian War Memorial |format=TDK D60 Cassette |id=S01794 |people=Terry, Francis Stanley (Frank) Roberts, Niall John}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com/awm-media/collection/S01794/document/1866247.PDF {{bare URL inline|date=March 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Francis Stanley Terry (cook; minesweeper HMAS Mercedes and corvette HMAS Warrnambool; Australian western approaches and northern and eastern waters; 1941-1946), oral history interview, 27 July 1995, AWM, S01794.&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The Dutch royal family and government seized the money from Japanese comfort women prostitution in the Dutch East Indies territory for itself instead of compensating the women.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Molemans |first1=Griselda |last2=Park |first2=Hee Seok |date=August 15, 2022 |title=Both the State and the royal family benefited from the earnings of Dutch East Indies 'comfort women' |url=https://www.pabst-science-publishers.com/current/news-archiv/details-archive/both-the-state-and-the-royal-family-benefited-from-the-earnings-of-dutch-east-indies-comfort-women.html |website=Follow The Money}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Molemans |first1=Griselda |last2=Park |first2=Hee Seok |date=August 15, 2022 |title=Both the State and the royal family benefited from the earnings of Dutch East Indies 'comfort women' |url=https://www.ftm.eu/articles/dutch-state-and-royal-family-profited-from-money-comfort-women?share=oGtVAb11Rh%2BAGTmJxQgR9t2033uPclbxiZiOALN1ovwnfKYlf3MPVNkKTcbf1zc%3D |website=Follow The Money}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The Japanese forced Javanese women to work in brothels and Javanese men to become forced labour at airstrips in Labuan, Borneo. The Javanese men were worked to starvation, resembling skeletons, barely able to move and were sick with beri beri by the time they were freed in June 1945 by Australians.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite AV media |url=https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/C170219 |title=Javanese slaves in native compound sick ward |date=1945 |publisher=Australian War Memorial |id=C170219 |people=slaves, Friend, Donald}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite AV media |url=https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/C170216 |title=Javanese slaves in native compound sick ward |date=1945 |publisher=Australian War Memorial |id=C170216 |people=slaves, Friend, Donald}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Japanese reserved a house as a brothel and officer's club on Fox Road in Labuan.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite AV media |url=https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/C375607 |title=Labuan. September 1945. A private house in Fox Road used by the Japanese as an Officer's club and brothel. (Donor R. Fullford) |date=1945 |publisher=Australian War Memorial |id=C375607 |people=brothel}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> On 28 August 1945 the British and Australians gave medical treatment to 300 Javanese and Malay male slaves of the Japanese who were malnourished and starving from forced labour.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite AV media |url=https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/115185 |title=MIRI, BORNEO. 1945-08-28. OVER 300 NATIVES, MALAY AND JAVANESE, ESCAPED FROM THE JAPANESE AND ARE NOW IN THE BRITISH BORNEO CIVIL ADMINISTRATION COMPOUND. SHOWN ABOVE, A GROUP OF MEN TYPICAL OF THE MALNUTRITION CASES BEING TREATED AT THE COMPOUND. |date=28 August 1945 |publisher=Australian War Memorial |id=115185 |people=Malay and Javanese}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite AV media |url=https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/115187 |title=MIRI, BORNEO. 1945-08-28. SOME OF THE 300 NATIVES, MALAY AND JAVANESE, WHO ESCAPED FROM THE JAPANESE AND ARE NOW IN THE BRITISH BORNEO CIVIL ADMINISTRATION COMPOUND. |date=28 August 1945 |publisher=Australian War Memorial |id=115187 |people=Malay and Javanese}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Many Indonesian comfort women were reluctant to talk about their experiences due to shame. A 10 year old Indonesian girl named Niyem from Karamangmojo in Yogyakarta was repeatedly raped for 2 months by Japanese soldiers along with other Indonesian girls in West Java. She did not tell her parents what the Japanese did to her when she managed to flee.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=O'Neill |first=Claire |date=June 4, 2011 |title=Comfort Women: Untold Stories Of Wartime Abuse |work=NPR |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/pictureshow/2011/06/04/134271795/comfort-women-untold-stories-of-wartime-abuse}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The Japanese killed four million Indonesians.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Baird |first1=J. Kevin |date=January 1, 2016 |title=War Crimes in Japan-Occupied Indonesia: Unraveling the Persecution of Achmad Mochtar |url=https://apjjf.org/2016/01/4-Baird.html |journal=Japan Focus: The Asia-Pacific Journal |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages= |doi= }}&lt;/ref&gt; After the defeat of Japan, the Dutch generally did not care about Japanese rape of non-white, native Indonesian Muslim girls and most of the time they only charged Japanese war criminals for rape of white Dutch women.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Tanaka |first=Yuki |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mV5dymPXNBgC&amp;dq=%22Dutch+were+equally+indifferent+to+victims+who+were+not+white+and+Dutch%22&amp;pg=PA78 |title=Japan's Comfort Women |date=2003 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=1134650124 |pages=78–82, 85, 86 |quote=As much as the Japanese were unconcerned about the exploitation of non-Europeans, the Dutch were equally indifferent to victims who were not white and Dutch. However, there were at least two exceptional cases brought by the Dutch ...}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://dokumen.pub/japans-comfort-women-asias-transformations-1nbsped-0415194008-9780415194006.html | title=Japan's Comfort Women (Asia's Transformations) &amp;#91;1 ed.&amp;#93; 0415194008, 9780415194006 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Stetz |first1=Margaret D. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RW2mBgAAQBAJ&amp;dq=%22Dutch+were+equally+indifferent+to+victims+who+were+not+white+and+Dutch%22&amp;pg=PA61 |title=Legacies of the Comfort Women of World War II |last2=Oh |first2=Bonnie B. C. |date=2015 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1317466253 |edition=illustrated |location= |pages=61–68 |quote=... Japanese were unconcerned about the exploitation of non-Europeans, so too the Dutch were equally indifferent to victims who were not white and Dutch.}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> As the Dutch implemented a war of attrition and scorch earth, they forced Chinese on Java to flee inland and the Dutch destroyed all important assets including Chinese factories and property. Local Indonesians joined in on the Dutch violence against the Chinese looting Chinese property and trying to attack Chinese. However, when the Japanese troops landed and seized control of Java from the Dutch, to people's surprise, the Japanese forced the native Indonesians to stop looting and attacking Chinese and warned the Indonesians they would not tolerate anti-Chinese violence in Java. The Japanese viewed the Chinese in Java and their economic power specifically as important and vital to Japanese war effort so they did not physically harm the Chinese of Java with no execution or torture of Chinese taking place unlike in other places. There was no violent confrontation between Japanese and Chinese on Java, unlike in British Malaya. The Japanese also allowed Chinese of Java in the Federation of Overseas-Chinese Associations (Hua Chiao Tsung Hui) to form the Keibotai, their own armed Chinese defence corps for protection with Japanese military instructors training them how to shoot and use spears. The Chinese viewed this as important to defending themselves from local Indonesians. The majority of Chinese of Java did not die in the war. It was only after the war ended when Japanese control fell and then the native Indonesians again started attacks against the Chinese of Java when the Japanese were unable to protect them.&lt;ref&gt;{{harvc|last=Touwen-Bouwsma |first=Elly |contribution=Southeast Asian Minorities in the Wartime Japanese Empire |year=2013 |in=Kratoska |pp=57–61 |loc=Ch. 4: Japanese Policy towards the Chinese on Java, 1942-1945: A Preliminary Outline}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In Java, the Japanese heavily recruited Javanese girls as comfort women and brought them to New Guinea, Malaysia, Thailand and other areas foreign to Indonesia besides using them in Java itself. The Japanese brought Javanese women as comfort women to Buru island, and Kalimantan. The Japanese recruited help from local collaborator police of all ethnicities to recruit Javanese girls, with one account accusing Chinese recruiters of tricking a Javanese regent into sending good Javanese girls into prostitution for the Japanese in May 1942. The Japanese also lied to the Javanese telling them that their girls would become waitresses and actresses when recruiting them.{{sfn|Post|2009|p=191}} The Japanese brought Javanese women as comfort women prostitutes to Kupang in Timor while in East Timor the Japanese took local women in Dili. In Bali, the Japanese sexually harassed Balinese women when they came and started forcing Balinese women into brothels for prostitution, with Balinese men and Chinese men used as recruiters for the Balinese women. All of the brothels in Bali were staffed by Balinese women.{{sfn|Post|2009|p=193}} In brothels in Kalimantan, native Indonesian women made up 80% of the prostitutes.{{sfn|Post|2009|p=193}} Javanese girls and local girls were used in a Japanese brothel in Ambon in Batu Gantung. European Dutch women were overrepresented in documents on Dutch East Indies comfort women which didn't reflect the actual reality because the Dutch did not care about native Indonesian women being victimised by Japan, refusing to prosecute cases against them since Indonesia was not a UN member at the time.{{sfn|Post|2009|p=195}} Javanese comfort women who were taken by Japanese to islands outside Java were treated differently depending on whether they stayed on those islands or returned to Java. Since Javanese society was sexually permissive and they kept it secret from other Javanese, the Javanese women who returned to Java fared better, but the Javanese women who stayed on the islands like Buru were treated harsher by their hosts since they locals in Buru were more patriarchal.{{sfn|Post|2009|p=196}} The Japanese murdered Christians and forced girls into prostitution in Timor and Sumba, desecrating sacred vessels and vestments in churches and using the churches as brothels. Javanese girls were brought as prostitutes by the Japanese to Flores and Buru.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite magazine |last=Hului |first=Patricia |date=July 19, 2021 |title=The influence of Catholicism on Flores island during WWII |url=https://kajomag.com/the-influence-of-catholicism-on-flores-island-during-wwii/ |magazine=Kajo Mag |location= }}&lt;/ref&gt; Eurasians, Indians, Chinese, Dutch, Menadonese, Bataks, Bugis, Dayaks, Javanese, Arabs and Malays were arrested and massacred in the Mandor affair.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite magazine |last=Hului |first=Patricia |date=September 18, 2019 |title=The Mandor Affair, the massacres in West Kalimantan during WWII |url=https://kajomag.com/the-mandor-affair-the-massacres-in-west-kalimantan-during-wwii/ |magazine=Kajo Mag |location= }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Suharto silenced public discussion in Indonesian on Japanese war crimes in Indonesia in order to stop anti-Japanese sentiment building up but it happened regardless when the movie Romusha came out in 1973 and the Peristiwa Malari (Malari affair) riots broke out in Indonesia in 1974 against Japan. Suharto also sought to silence discussion on Japanese war crimes due to Indonesia's own war crimes in East Timor after 1975, but Indonesians started talking about Indonesian comfort women in the 1990s following the example of Korea. Mardyiem, a Javanese Indonesian comfort woman talked about what happened to her after Indonesian comfort women were interviewed by Japanese lawyers, after decades of being forced to stay silent.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Rickum |first=Boryano |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m5QCBQAAQBAJ&amp;dq=japanese+mardyiem&amp;pg=PA184 |title=Feelings at the Margins: Dealing with Violence, Stigma and Isolation in Indonesia |date=2014 |publisher=Campus Verlag |isbn=978-3593500058 |editor1-last=Stodulka |editor1-first=Thomas |edition=illustrated |location= |page=184 |chapter=Marginalized by Silence- Victims of Japanese Occupation in Indonesia's Political Memory |editor2-last=Röttger-Rössler |editor2-first=Birgitt}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Three major revolts happened against Japan by Indonesians in Java. Japanese forced Indonesians of West Java in Cirebon to hand over a massive quota of rice to the Japanese military with Japanese officers using brutality to extract even more than the official quota. The Indonesians in Cirebon rebelled twice and targeted Indonesian collaborator bureaucrats and Japanese officers in 1944. Japan killed a lot of Indonesian rebels while crushing them with deadly force. In Sukmana, Singapurna, the Tasikmalaya regency, the conservative religious teacher Kiai Zainal Mustafa told his followers that in the month when Muhammad was born they would gain divine protection when he gave a sign. In February 1943, Japanese Kempeitai caught wind of what was happening and came to the area but the roads were blocked to stop them. The Indonesian villagers and students began to fight the Japanese and seized the sabre of the Japanese chief to kill him. More Japanese arrived and 86 Japanese and 153 Indonesian villagers died in the fighting. The Japanese then arrested Zainal and 22 others for execution. Supriyadi lead a Peta mutiny against the Japanese in February 1945.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Friend |first=Theodore |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UQMABAAAQBAJ&amp;dq=kenpeitai+executed&amp;pg=RA1-PA176 |title=The Blue-Eyed Enemy: Japan against the West in Java and Luzon, 1942-1945 |date=2014 |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-1400859467 |location= |page=175,176}}&lt;/ref&gt;[[File:NI-123-Netherlands Indies-Japanese Occupation-1 Gulden (1942).jpg|thumb|[[Netherlands Indian roepiah|Netherlands Indian Gulden]]&amp;nbsp;– the Japanese occupation currency]]<br /> <br /> === Underground resistance ===<br /> [[File:Amir Sjarifoeddin.jpg|thumb|left|upright|Indonesian nationalist [[Amir Sjarifuddin]] organized an underground resistance against the Japanese occupation.]]<br /> <br /> Next to [[Sutan Sjahrir]] who led the student (Pemuda) underground, the only prominent opposition politician was leftist [[Amir Sjarifuddin]] who was given 25,000 [[guilders]] by the Dutch in early 1942 to organize an underground resistance through his [[Marxist]] and nationalist connections. The Japanese arrested Amir in 1943, and he only escaped execution following intervention from Sukarno, whose popularity in Indonesia and hence the importance to the war effort was recognized by the Japanese. Apart from Amir's Surabaya-based group, the active pro-Allied activities were among the Chinese, [[Ambon Island|Ambonese]], and [[Manado]]nese.{{sfn|Reid|1974|p=12}}<br /> <br /> In September 1943 at Amuntai in south Kalimantan there was an attempt to establish an Islamic state, but this was soundly defeated.{{sfn|Ricklefs|2008|p=331}} In the 1943–1944 [[Pontianak incidents]] (also known as the Mandor Affair), the Japanese orchestrated a mass arrest of Malay elites and Arabs, Chinese, Javanese, Manadonese, Dayaks, Bugis, Bataks, Minangkabau, Dutch, Indians, and Eurasians in Kalimantan, including all of the Malay Sultans, accused them of plotting to overthrow Japanese rule, and then massacred them.{{sfnm|Heidhues|2003|1p=204|Gin|2013|2p=42}} The Japanese falsely claimed that all of those ethnic groups and organisations such as the Islamic [[Muhammadiyah|Pemuda Muhammadijah]] were involved in a plot to overthrow the Japanese and create a &quot;People's Republic of West Borneo&quot; (Negara Rakyat Borneo Barat).{{sfn|Heidhues|2003|p=205}} The Japanese claimed &quot;Sultans, Chinese, Indonesian government officials, Indians and Arabs, who had been antagonistic to each other, joined to massacre Japanese&quot;, naming the Sultan of the [[Pontianak Sultanate]] as one of the &quot;ringleaders&quot; in the planned rebellion.{{sfn|Kratoska|2013|p=160}} Up to 25 aristocrats, relatives of the Sultan of Pontianak, and many other prominent individuals were named as participants in the plot by the Japanese and then executed at Mandor.{{sfnm|Davidson|2002|1p=79|Davidson|2003|2p=9}} The Sultans of Pontianak, Sambas, Ketapang, Soekadana, Simbang, Koeboe, Ngabang, Sanggau, Sekadau, Tajan, Singtan, and Mempawa were all executed by the Japanese, respectively, their names were [[Pontianak Sultanate|Sjarif Mohamed Alkadri]], [[Pontianak Sultanate|Mohamad Ibrahim Tsafidedin]], Goesti Saoenan, Tengkoe Idris, Goesti Mesir, Sjarif Saleh, Goesti Abdoel Hamid, Ade Mohamad Arif, Goesti Mohamad Kelip, Goesti Djapar, Raden Abdul Bahri Danoe Perdana, and Mohammed Ahoufiek.{{sfn|Kratoska|2013|pp=167–168}} They are known as the &quot;12 Dokoh&quot;.{{sfn|Gin|2013|p=}}{{pn|date=June 2024}} In Java, the Japanese jailed [[Sultan Hamid II|Syarif Abdul Hamid Alqadrie]], the son of Sultan Syarif Mohamad Alkadrie (Sjarif Mohamed Alkadri).{{sfn|Gin|2013|p=176}} Since he was in Java during the executions, the future [[Syarif Hamid II of Pontianak|Hamid II]] was the only male in his family not killed, while the Japanese beheaded all 28 other male relatives of Pontianak Sultan Mohammed Alkadri.{{sfn|Zweers|2011|p=6}}<br /> <br /> Later in 1944, the Dayaks assassinated a Japanese man named Nakatani, who was involved in the incident and who was known for his cruelty. Sultan of Pontianak Mohamed Alkadri's fourth son, Pengeran Agoen (Pangeran Agung), and another son, Pengeran Adipati (Pangeran Adipati), were both killed by the Japanese in the incident.{{sfn||Kratoska|2013|p=168}} The Japanese had beheaded both Pangeran Adipati and Pangeran Agung,{{sfn|Heidhues|2003|p=207}} in a public execution.{{sfn|Felton|2008|p=86}} The Japanese extermination of the Malay elite of Pontianak paved the way for a new Dayak elite to arise in its place.{{sfn|Davidson|2009|p=37}} According to Mary F. Somers Heidhues, during May and June 1945, some Japanese were killed in a rebellion by the Dayaks in [[Sanggau]].{{sfn|Heidhues|2003|p=206}} According to Jamie S. Davidson, this rebellion, during which many Dayaks and Japanese were killed, occurred from April through August 1945, and was called the [[Dayak Desa War|&quot;Majang Desa War&quot;]].{{sfn|Davidson|2003|p=8}} The [[Pontianak incidents|Pontianak Incidents]], or Affairs, are divided into two Pontianak incidents by scholars, variously categorised according to mass killings and arrests, which occurred in several stages on different dates. The Pontianak incident negatively impacted the Chinese community in Kalimantan.{{sfn|Hui|2011|p=42}}{{sfn|Baldacchino|2013|p=75}}<br /> <br /> The Acehnese [[Ulama]] (Islamic clerics) fought against both the Dutch and the Japanese, revolting against the Dutch in February 1942 and against Japan in November 1942. The revolt was led by the All-Aceh Religious Scholars' Association (PUSA), and was centred around Tjot Plieng village religious school. Japanese troops armed with mortars and machine guns were attacked by sword-wielding Acehnese led by Tengku Abdul Djalil. The Japanese suffered 18 dead in the uprising while over a hundred Acehnese died, and the school and village mosque were destroyed.{{sfn|Ricklefs|2008|p=331}}{{sfn|Reid|2013|p=120}}<br /> <br /> === Support for independence ===<br /> &lt;!-- This section should be expanded to discuss the Japanese mobilising Indonesians for their war effort, and the effects this had on Indonesian nationalism and its significance of this to the coming independence and revolution struggles.<br /> --&gt;<br /> <br /> [[File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Indonesische jongens tijdens hun soldatentraining door de Japanners TMnr 10001989.jpg|thumb|Young Indonesian boys being trained by the [[Imperial Japanese Army]] ]]<br /> <br /> Before the war, the Dutch colonial authorities had successfully repressed the Indonesian nationalist movement.{{sfn|Vickers|2013|p=85}} In the initial stages of the occupation, the Japanese were completely opposed to independence because of possible disruption to the exploitation of the resources in the archipelago that were so important to the war effort. In contrast, the occupied [[Philippines]] and [[Burma]] were granted independence in 1943, and in March that year, the Japanese decided to include Indonesia within the Japanese Empire but to allow &quot;political participation of the natives&quot;, a decision strongly opposed by the 25th Army in Sumatra and the Navy in the eastern islands.{{sfn|Inomata|1997|pp=97}}<br /> <br /> In November 1943, the Japanese held a Greater East Asia Conference in Tokyo attended by the notionally independent countries of the Co-Prosperity Sphere, including [[Thailand]], the Philippines and Burma, but no Indonesian representatives were invited. By way of compensation, pre-war independence figure [[Sukarno]], [[Mohammad Hatta|Hatta]] and [[Ki Hajar Dewantara|Hajar Dewantara]] were invited to Tokyo just after the conference, and were granted an audience with [[Hirohito|Emperor Hirohito]] and met [[Hideki Tojo|Prime Minister Tojo]]. However, they were given no positive indications about future Indonesian independence, and there was to be no lifting of the ban on the [[Indonesian flag|flag]] or national anthem.{{sfn|Inomata|1997|pp=98}}<br /> <br /> As Japan's territorial expansion was halted, then reversed, Japan, the 16th Army in Java in particular, became more favorable to the idea of Indonesian involvement in the governance of Java. A Central Advisory Board was established, headed by pre-war independence figure [[Sukarno]], with Indonesians appointed as advisors. In October 1943, the Japanese established a volunteer force to defend against a future allied invasion, the [[Defenders of the Homeland]] ({{Lang-id|Pembela Tanah Air}}, PETA; {{Lang-ja|郷土防衛義勇軍|translit=kyōdo bōei giyūgun}}) Then in 1944 the Java Service Association (''[[Hōkōkai|Jawa Hokokai]]'') was formed to mobilise the masses for Japanese interests.{{sfn|Ricklefs|2008|pp=334–336}}<br /> <br /> On 7 September 1944, Japanese Prime Minister [[Kuniaki Koiso]] promised independence for the East Indies &quot;in the future&quot;. The authorities in Java then allowed the flying of the Indonesian flag at ''Jawa Hokokai'' buildings. Naval liaison officer in Batavia Rear-admiral [[Tadashi Maeda (admiral)|Tadashi Maeda]] provided official funds for tours around the archipelago by Sukarno and fellow independence activist Hatta, officially as part of their ''Jawa Hokokai'' responsibilities. In October 1944, Maeda established a Free Indonesia Dormitory to prepare youth leaders for an independent Indonesia. With the war situation becoming increasingly dire, in March 1945 the Japanese announced the formation of an [[Investigating Committee for Preparatory Work for Independence]] (BPUPK), comprising members of the older political generation, including Sukarno and Hatta. Chaired by [[Rajiman Wediodiningrat]], in two sessions in May and June, it decided on the basis for an independent nation and produced a draft [[Constitution of Indonesia|constitution]]. Meanwhile, the younger activists, known as the ''pemuda'', wanted much more overt moves towards independence than the older generation were willing to risk, resulting in a split between the generations.{{sfn|Ricklefs|2008|pp=334–339}}{{sfn|Reid|1974|p=14}}<br /> <br /> [[File:Sukarno and Japan, ABC 1966.webm|thumb|1966 [[Australian Broadcasting Corporation|ABC]] report examining Sukarno's alliance between imperial Japan and the Indonesian nationalist movement]]<br /> On 29 April 1945, Lt. Gen. Kumakichi Harada, the commander of the 16th Army in Java established the [[Investigating Committee for Preparatory Work for Independence]] ({{lang-id|Badan Penyelidik Usaha Persiapan Kemerdekaan (BPUPK)}}; {{lang-ja|独立準備調査会}}, ''Dokuritsu Junbi Chōsakai''), as the initial stage of the establishment of independence for the area under the control of the 16th Army.{{sfn|Kusuma|Elson|2011|p=196}}<br /> <br /> == End of occupation ==<br /> [[File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM In de haven van Kupang (Timor) luisteren de Japanse bevelhebber kolonel Kaida Tatuichi en zijn stafcommandant majoor Muiosu Slioji aan dek van H TMnr 10001519.jpg|thumb|Japanese commanders listening to the terms of surrender]]<br /> <br /> General [[Douglas MacArthur]] wanted to fight his way with Allied troops to liberate Java in 1944–45 but was ordered not to by the Joint Chiefs and President [[Franklin D. Roosevelt|Franklin Roosevelt]]. He did successfully conduct the [[Western New Guinea campaign]] in 1944 which liberated much of [[Dutch New Guinea]]. The U.S. built Naval Base Morotai, which opened in September 1944 after the [[Battle of Morotai]], so they could use the facilities for the [[Philippines campaign (1944–1945)|Philippines campaign]]. Some [[Naval Base Borneo|Australian bases]] were built during the war. The [[Borneo campaign]] between May and July 1945 was ordered by MacArthur to liberate [[British Borneo]] and [[Dutch Borneo]]. The Japanese occupation officially ended with the [[Victory over Japan Day|Japanese surrender in the Pacific]], and two days later [[Sukarno]] declared [[Indonesian Declaration of Independence|Indonesian Independence]]; Indonesian forces spent the next four years fighting the Dutch for independence. According to historian [[Theodore Friend]], American restraint from fighting their way into Java saved Japanese, Javanese, Dutch, and American lives, but also impeded international support for Indonesian independence.{{sfn|Friend|2003|p=33}}<br /> <br /> At the end of the war, there were around 300,000 Japanese civilian and military personnel in the East Indies. The Dutch East Indies, alongside French Indochina, were transferred from the American-led [[South West Pacific Area]] command to the UK-led [[South East Asia Command]] effective 15 August 1945. Consequently, the UK became the lead nation in the reoccupation of the territories.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Dennis|first=Peter|title=Troubled Days of Peace: Mountbatten and South East Asia Command, 1945–46|publisher=Manchester University Press|year=1987|isbn=0-7190-2205-3|location=Manchester|pages=227}}&lt;/ref&gt; The priorities for the UK occupation was to take the surrender of, and repatriate, Japanese forces, and also the Recovery of Allied Prisoners of War and Internees operation.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=17 August 2021|title=Far East Prisoners of War History|url=https://fepowhistory.com/rapwi/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Repatriation of Japanese prisoners of war was delayed because of their low priority for sea-borne transport in the Allied Shipping Pool.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; By April 1946, only 48,000 had been repatriated; the majority were evacuated in May and June.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; However, around 100,000 Japanese prisoners of war were retained for use as labour until early 1946.&lt;ref&gt;'Concentration and Repatriation of JSP in SEAC: Briefs for SAC returning to London 30 May 1946, WO 172/1813.&lt;/ref&gt; It was reported that approximately 25,000 Japanese soldiers allied themselves with Indonesian nationalists and were subsequently beyond Allied control.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Some eventually assimilated themselves into local communities. Many of these soldiers joined the TNI or other Indonesian military organizations, and some of these former Japanese soldiers died during the [[Indonesian National Revolution]], such as Abdul Rachman ([[Ichiki Tatsuo]]).{{sfn|Horton|2016|p=127}}{{sfn|Gotō|1976|pp=57–68}}{{sfn|McMillan|2006|p=79}}<br /> <br /> [[File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Japanse oorlogsmisdadigers voor de krijgsraad te Makassar TMnr 10001539.jpg|thumb|Japanese soldiers on trial]]<br /> The final stages of warfare were initiated in October 1945 when, in accordance with the terms of their surrender, the Japanese tried to re-establish the authority they relinquished to Indonesians in the towns and cities. Japanese military police killed Republican ''pemuda'' in [[Pekalongan]] (Central Java) on 3 October, and Japanese troops drove Republican ''pemuda'' out of [[Bandung]] in [[West Java]] and handed the city to the British, but the fiercest fighting involving the Japanese was in Semarang. On 14 October, British forces began to occupy the city. Retreating Republican forces retaliated by killing between 130 and 300 Japanese prisoners they were holding. Five hundred Japanese and 2,000 Indonesians had been killed and the Japanese had almost captured the city six days later when British forces arrived.{{sfn|Ricklefs|2008|p=349}}<br /> <br /> {{Blockquote | I, of course, knew that we had been forced to keep Japanese troops under arms to protect our lines of communication and vital areas&amp;nbsp;... but it was nevertheless a great shock to me to find over a thousand Japanese troops guarding the nine miles of road from the airport to the town.{{sfn|Kibata|2000|p=146}}|[[Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma|Lord Mountbatten of Burma]] in April 1946 after visiting [[Sumatra]], referring to the use of [[Japanese Surrendered Personnel]].}}<br /> <br /> From 6 March 1946 to 24 December 1949, the returning Dutch authorities held 448 war crimes trials against 1,038 suspects. 969 of those were condemned (93.4%) with 236 (24.4%) receiving a death sentence.{{sfn|Piccigallo|1979|p=}}{{sfn|Borch|2017|p=36}}<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> {{Portal|Indonesia|East Timor|New Guinea}}<br /> * [[Bulu prison massacre]]<br /> * [[Japanese colonial empire]]<br /> ** [[Japanese occupation of West Sumatra]]<br /> * [[List of Japanese-run internment camps during World War II#Camps in Dutch East Indies|Japanese-run internment camps]]<br /> <br /> ==Notes==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{refbegin|30em|indent=yes}}<br /> * {{cite web | author = Asian Women's Fund | title = Women made to become comfort women – Netherlands | url = https://www.awf.or.jp/e1/netherlands.html | website =Digital Museum: The Comfort Women Issue and the Asian Women's Fund | access-date = 14 July 2021}}<br /> * {{cite book | editor-last=Baldacchino |editor-first=Godfrey | title= The Political Economy of Divided Islands: Unified Geographies, Multiple Polities|year=2013|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T9A6BEmfkn8C|isbn=978-1-137-02313-1|access-date=10 March 2014}}<br /> * {{Cite journal |first = Harry S. |last= Benda |title=The Beginnings of the Japanese Occupation of Java|date=1956|journal=The Far Eastern Quarterly |volume=14|issue=4|pages=541–560|doi=10.2307/2941923|jstor=2941923|s2cid= 155352132 }}<br /> * {{cite journal| last = Bidien | first = Charles| date = 5 December 1945| title = Independence the Issue| journal = Far Eastern Survey| issn = 0362-8949| volume = 14| issue = 24| pages = 345–348| jstor = 3023219| doi = 10.2307/3023219}}<br /> * {{cite book|last1=Borch|first1=Frederic L.|title=Military Trials of War Criminals in the Netherlands East Indies 1946-1949|date=2017|publisher=Oxford University Press|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T2IwDwAAQBAJ&amp;q=%221038%22+Japanese+1945+Indonesia&amp;pg=PA36|isbn=978-0-19-877716-8}}<br /> * {{cite book | last1 = Cribb | first1 = Robert | last2 = Brown | first2 = Colin | year = 1995 | title = Modern Indonesia: A History Since 1945 | place = Harlow, Essex, England | publisher = Longman Group |isbn=978-0-582-05713-5 | url-access = registration | url = https://archive.org/details/modernindonesiah00crib }}<br /> * {{cite book | last1 = Cribb| first1 = R.B |last2= Kahin | first2= Audrey | title = Historical Dictionary of Indonesia | publisher = Scarecrow Press | year = 2004 |isbn=978-0-8108-4935-8}}<br /> * {{cite book | last=Davidson | first=Jamie Seth|title= Violence and Politics in West Kalimantan, Indonesia|year=2002|publisher=University of Washington|isbn=978-0-493-91910-2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5oO6AAAAIAAJ|access-date=10 March 2014}}<br /> * {{cite journal | last=Davidson |first=Jamie S. |date=August 2003 |title=&quot;Primitive&quot; Politics: The Rise and Fall of the Dayak Unity Party in West Kalimantan, Indonesia&quot; |url=https://ari.nus.edu.sg/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/wps03_009.pdf |journal=Asia Research Institute Working Paper Series (ARI Working Paper) |publisher=Asia Research Institute of the National University of Singapore |number=9 |access-date=13 July 2021}}<br /> * {{cite book |last=Davidson |first=Jamie Seth | title= From Rebellion to Riots: Collective Violence on Indonesian Borneo|year=2009|publisher=NUS Press|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wpJGooepEMYC|isbn=978-9971-69-427-2|access-date=10 March 2014}}<br /> * Dennis, Peter (1987). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=Inu7AAAAIAAJ Troubled Days of Peace: Mountbatten and South East Asia Command, 1945-46]''. Manchester: Manchester University Press. {{ISBN|0-7190-2205-3}}.<br /> * {{cite book |last= Dower | first = John. SW |title=War Without Mercy: Race and Power in the Pacific War | year=1986| publisher= Pantheon|isbn=0-394-75172-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rlBaxUX7QhYC}}<br /> * {{cite book |last=Federspiel |first=Howard M. |title=Sultans, Shamans, and Saints: Islam and Muslims in Southeast Asia |edition=illustrated|year=2007|publisher=University of Hawaii Press|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5Qf39DpguysC|isbn=978-0-8248-3052-6|access-date=10 March 2014}}<br /> * {{cite book |last1=Felton |first1=Mark |title=Slaughter at Sea: The Story of Japan's Naval War Crimes |date=2008 |publisher=Naval Institute Press |isbn=978-1-59114-263-8 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jVTwr9bYYukC |language=en}}<br /> * {{cite book | last = Friend | first = Theodore | year = 2003 | title = Indonesian Destinies | url = https://archive.org/details/indonesiandestin00theo<br /> | url-access = registration | publisher = The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press |isbn=978-0-674-01834-1 }}<br /> * {{cite book | last=Gin|first=Ooi Keat |title= Post-War Borneo, 1945–1950: Nationalism, Empire and State-Building |year=2013|publisher=Routledge|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DSDCzK6WbiUC|isbn=978-1-134-05810-5|access-date=10 March 2014}}<br /> * {{cite journal| last1=Gotō |first1= Kenichi | title=Life and Death of &quot;Abdul Rachman&quot; (1906-49): One Aspect of Japanese-Indonesian Relationships|journal=Indonesia|date=October 1976|volume=22|issue=22|pages=57–68 |url=https://ecommons.cornell.edu/bitstream/handle/1813/53626/INDO_22_0_1107107671_57_68.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y|doi=10.2307/3350977|jstor=3350977}}<br /> * {{cite book| last=Heidhues| first=Mary F. Somers | title= Golddiggers, Farmers, and Traders in the &quot;Chinese Districts&quot; of West Kalimantan, Indonesia |volume=34 of Southeast Asia publications series|issue=Issue 34 of Studies on Southeast Asia|edition=illustrated|year=2003|publisher=SEAP Publications|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4WK2s2ogHEAC|isbn=978-0-87727-733-0|access-date=10 March 2014}}<br /> * {{cite journal | last=Horton|first=William Bradley|title=Ethnic Cleavage in Timorese Society: The Black Columns in Occupied Portuguese Timor (1942)|journal=国際開発学研究|date=2007|volume=6|issue=2}}<br /> * {{cite book|last1=Horton|first1=William Bradley|title=History Unhinged: World War II and the Reshaping of Indonesian History|date=July 2016|publisher=Waseda University|location=Tokyo|edition=A dissertation submitted to the Graduate School of Literature, Waseda University|url=https://waseda.repo.nii.ac.jp/?action=repository_action_common_download&amp;attribute_id=20&amp;file_no=1&amp;item_id=36030&amp;item_no=1}}<br /> * {{cite book |last=Hui|first=Yew-Foong |title=Strangers at Home: History and Subjectivity Among the Chinese Communities of West Kalimantan, Indonesia |publisher=Brill |date=2011|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CKNrSgSaNgAC|isbn=978-90-04-17340-8|access-date=10 March 2014}}<br /> *{{cite book |last= Inomata |first= Aiko Kurasawa |editor=Taufik Abdullah |title=The Heartbeat of Indonesian Revolution |publisher=PT Gramedia Pustaka Utmama |date=1997 |pages=97–113 |chapter=Indonesia Merdeka Selekas-Lekasnya: Preparations for Independence in the Last Days of Japanese Occupation|isbn=979-605-723-9}}<br /> * {{cite book | last=Jong |first=Louis |title=The collapse of a colonial society: the Dutch in Indonesia during the Second World War | volume=206 of Verhandelingen van het Koninklijk Nederlands Geologisch Mijnbouwkundig Genootschap, Volume 206 of Verhandelingen van het Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde|edition=illustrated|year=2002|publisher=KITLV Press|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BpZuAAAAMAAJ|isbn=978-90-6718-203-4|access-date=10 March 2014}}<br /> * {{Cite book | last = Kahin | first = George McTurnan | author-link = George McTurnan Kahin | title = Nationalism and Revolution in Indonesia | publisher = Cornell University Press | year = 1952 | location = Ithaca, New York}}<br /> * {{cite book |last=Kibata|first=Yōichi |editor-last1= Kosuge |editor-first1=Margaret |editor-last2= Towle |editor-first2=Phillip |editor-last3= Kibata |editor-first3=Yōichi |editor2-link=Philip Towle|title=Japanese Prisoners of War |publisher=Bloomsbury Academic |date=2000 |chapter=Japanese Treatment of British Prisoners of War: The Historical Context|isbn=979-433-287-9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xPLUAwAAQBAJ&amp;q=japanese+prisoners+of+war}}<br /> * {{cite book |last= Kratoska|first=Paul H. |title=Southeast Asian Minorities in the Wartime Japanese Empire |publisher=Routledge |date=2013|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NZWqvMBu80kC|isbn=978-1-136-12506-5|access-date=10 March 2014}}<br /> * {{Citation | last1 = Kusuma | first1 = A.B. | last2 = Elson | first2 = R.E. | title = A note on the sources for the 1945 constitutional debates in Indonesia | journal = Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde | volume = 167 | issue = 2–3 | pages = 196–209| year = 2011 | issn = 0006-2294 | doi = 10.1163/22134379-90003589| url = http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:273574/UQ273574_OA.pdf }}<br /> * {{cite book | last=Martinkus |first=John |title=Indonesia's Secret War in Aceh |edition=illustrated|year=2004|publisher=Random House Australia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RcdwAAAAMAAJ|isbn=978-1-74051-209-1|access-date=10 March 2014}}<br /> * {{cite book|last=Mizuma |first=Masanori |title=ひと目でわかる「アジア解放」時代の日本精神 |publisher=PHP Institute |year=2013 |isbn=978-4-569-81389-9 |language=Japanese|trans-title=Japanese spirit in the &quot;Liberation of Asia&quot; era that can be seen at a glance}}<br /> * {{cite book|last1= McMillan| first1= Richard |title=The British Occupation of Indonesia: 1945-1946 Britain, The Netherlands and the Indonesian Revolution|date=2006|publisher=Taylor &amp; Francis|isbn=978-1-134-25427-9}}<br /> * {{Cite book|title=Japan's Colonialism and Indonesia|author = Muhammad Abdul Aziz| publisher=Springer Science &amp; Business Media |year=2012|isbn=978-94-011-9233-0|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-aFyBgAAQBAJ&amp;dq=chief+of+staff+gunseikan&amp;pg=PA153}}<br /> * {{cite book | last =Nasution |first= Abdul Haris |title= Tentara Nasional Indonesia, Volume 1 |year=1963|publisher=Ganaco|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v3kDBvr5UeYC|access-date=10 March 2014}}<br /> * {{cite book|last1= Piccigallo| first1= Philip R. |title=The Japanese On Trial: Allied War Crimes Operations in the East, 1945–1951|date=1979|publisher=University of Texas Press|isbn=978-0-292-78033-0}}<br /> * {{cite book | last = Pike |first = Frances | title = Hirohito's War: The Pacific War, 1941-1945 | publisher = Bloomsbury Publishing | date = 2016|isbn=978-1-350-02122-8}}<br /> * {{cite web |last = Poelgeest |first = Bart van | title = Report of a study of Dutch government documents on the forced prostitution of Dutch women in the Dutch East Indies during the Japanese occupation (Unofficial Translation) | url = http://www.awf.or.jp/pdf/0205.pdf | website =Digital Museum: The Comfort Women Issue and the Asian Women's Fund | date = 24 January 1994 | access-date = 14 July 2021}}<br /> * {{Cite book |last=Post |first=Peter |title=The Encyclopedia of Indonesia in the Pacific War |publisher=Brill |year=2009 |isbn=978-90-04-19017-7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4t95DwAAQBAJ |volume=19 |series=Handbook of Oriental Studies}}<br /> * {{cite book|author= Pramoedya Ananta Toer |title=The Mute's Soliloquy|translator=Willem Samuels|publisher=Penguin|year=1998|isbn=0-14-028904-6}}<br /> * {{Cite journal | last= Reid| first= Anthony |date= October 1971| title= The Birth of the Republic of Sumatra|journal=Indonesia|volume=12|issue=12|pages=21–4| doi= 10.2307/3350656 | jstor= 3350656 |url= https://ecommons.cornell.edu/bitstream/handle/1813/53522/INDO_12_0_1107125075_21_46.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y}}<br /> * {{cite book| last = Reid| first = Anthony| title = The Indonesian National Revolution 1945–1950| publisher = Longman Pty| year = 1974| location = Melbourne|isbn=978-0-582-71046-7}}<br /> * {{cite book |last= Reid|first=Anthony |title=The Blood of the People: Revolution and the End of Traditional Rule in Northern Sumatra |publisher=University of Hawaii Press |date=2013|isbn=978-81-7835-776-8}}<br /> * {{cite book | last=Ricklefs |first=Merle Calvin | title= A History of Modern Indonesia Since c. 1200 |author-link = M. C. Ricklefs |edition=4th|year=2008 |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |isbn=978-1-137-14918-3}}<br /> * {{cite book | editor1-first=Siew-Min | editor1-last=Sai | editor2-first=Chang-Yau |editor2-last=Hoon |title= Chinese Indonesians Reassessed: History, Religion and Belonging | volume=52 of Routledge contemporary Southeast Asia series|edition=illustrated|year=2013|publisher=Routledge|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VwNeusDwx9wC|isbn=978-0-415-60801-5|access-date=10 March 2014}}<br /> * {{cite book |last=Soh |first=Chunghee Sarah |title=The Comfort Women: Sexual Violence and Postcolonial Memory in Korea and Japan |page=22 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-226-76777-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GIHcaFVxXf0C&amp;pg=PA22}}<br /> * {{Cite book |last=Taylor |first=Jean Gelman |title=Indonesia: Peoples and Histories |url=https://archive.org/details/indonesia00jean |url-access=registration |publisher=Yale University Press |year=2003 |location= New Haven and London |isbn=978-0-300-10518-6}}<br /> * {{cite book | last = Vickers | first = Adrian | year = 2013 | title = A History Modern of Indonesia | edition = 2nd | publisher = Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-107-62445-0 }}<br /> * {{cite book | author = War History Office of the National Defense College of Japan | title = The Invasion of the Dutch East Indies | publisher = Leiden University Press | editor-first = Willem |editor-last =Remmelink | date = 2015 | url = https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.12657/32880/595090.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y | doi = 10.26530/OAPEN_595090 |isbn=978-94-006-0229-8 | s2cid = 163579476 |ref={{sfnref|War History Office|2015}}}}<br /> * {{cite book | last = Womack |first = Tom | title = The Dutch Naval Air Force against Japan: The Defense of the Netherlands East Indies, 1941–1942 | publisher = McFarland | date = 2006|isbn=978-0-7864-2365-1|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0OdmAAAAMAAJ&amp;q=The+Dutch+Naval+Air+Force+against+Japan:+the+defense+of+the+Netherlands+East+Indies,+1941–1942,}}<br /> * {{Cite journal | last=Yamamoto | first=Mayumi |date=2000|title=Spell of the Rebel, Monumental Apprehensions: Japanese Discourses On Pieter Erberveld|journal=Indonesia|volume=77|issue=77|pages=109–143|url=https://ecommons.cornell.edu/bitstream/handle/1813/54310/INDO_77_0_1106927759_109_143.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y}}<br /> * {{cite news |last = Zweers|first =Louis |url = https://www.iias.asia/sites/default/files/nwl_article/2019-05/iias_nl56_0607_0.pdf |date =Spring 2011|work = The Newsletter|number = 56|title = The crown jewels lost and found| publisher = International Institute for Asian Studies}}<br /> {{refend}}<br /> <br /> ==Further reading==<br /> {{refbegin}}<br /> * {{cite book | last = Anderson | first = Ben | title = Java in a Time of Revolution: Occupation and Resistance, 1944–1946 | url = https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=coo.31924006545622&amp;view=1up&amp;seq=3&amp;skin=2021 | year = 1972 | publisher = [[Cornell University Press]] | location = Ithaca, N.Y. |isbn=978-0-8014-0687-4}}<br /> * {{cite book | last = Hillen| first = Ernest | title = The Way of a Boy: A Memoir of Java | year = 1993 | publisher = Viking | location = Toronto<br /> |isbn=978-0-670-85049-5}}<br /> {{refend}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * {{Commons category-inline|Japanese occupation of Indonesia}}<br /> <br /> {{Collaboration with Axis Powers}}<br /> {{Japanese occupations}}<br /> {{States and territories in the sphere of influence of Imperial Japan during World War II}}<br /> {{Indonesia topics}}<br /> {{East Timor topics}}<br /> {{WWII history by nation}}<br /> {{JapanEmpireNavbox}}<br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies}}<br /> [[Category:Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies| ]]<br /> [[Category:Japanese military occupations|Dutch East Indies]]<br /> [[Category:Indonesia in World War II]]<br /> [[Category:East Timor in World War II]]<br /> [[Category:World War II occupied territories|Indonesia]]<br /> [[Category:1940s in Indonesia]]<br /> [[Category:1940s in East Timor]]<br /> [[Category:Japan–Netherlands military relations]]<br /> [[Category:Invasions by Japan|Dutch East Indies]]<br /> [[Category:Invasions of the Dutch East Indies]]<br /> [[Category:Articles containing video clips]]<br /> [[Category:1940s in the Dutch East Indies]]<br /> [[Category:1940s in Portuguese Timor]]<br /> [[Category:Axis powers]]</div> Xbypass https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Members_of_the_Investigating_Committee_for_Preparatory_Work_for_Independence&diff=1243139993 Template:Members of the Investigating Committee for Preparatory Work for Independence 2024-08-30T19:07:22Z <p>Xbypass: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Navbox<br /> | name = Members of the Investigating Committee for Preparatory Work for Independence<br /> | title = Members of the [[Investigating Committee for Preparatory Work for Independence]] (BPUPK)<br /> | state = {{{state|autocollapse}}}|<br /> |listclass = hlist<br /> <br /> |group1 = Java BPUPK<br /> | list1 = <br /> {{Navbox|subgroup<br /> | group1 = Indonesian members<br /> | list1 = <br /> * [[Abdul Halim (nationalist)|Abdul Halim]]<br /> * [[Abdoel Kahar Moezakir]]<br /> * [[Abdul Fatah Hasan]]<br /> * [[Abdul Kadir (Indonesia)|Abdul Kadir]]<br /> * [[Abdul Kaffar]]<br /> * [[Abdulrahim Pratalykrama]]<br /> * [[Abdurrahman Baswedan]]<br /> * [[Abikusno Tjokrosujoso]]<br /> * [[Achmad Soebardjo]]<br /> * [[Agus Muhsin Dasaad]]<br /> * [[Agus Salim]]<br /> * [[Ahmad Sanusi]]<br /> * [[Alexander Andries Maramis]]<br /> * [[Ashar Sutejo Munandar]]<br /> * [[Asikin Natanegara]]<br /> * [[Bagoes Hadikoesoemo]]<br /> * [[Besar Mertokusumo]]<br /> * [[Bintoro]]<br /> * [[Boentaran Martoatmodjo]]<br /> * [[Hindromartono]]<br /> * [[Hoesein Djajadiningrat]]<br /> * [[Jenal Asikin Wijaya Kusuma]]<br /> * [[Johannes Latuharhary]]<br /> * [[Ki Hajar Dewantara]]<br /> * [[Kusumah Atmaja]]<br /> * [[Liem Koen Hian]]<br /> * [[Margono Djojohadikusumo]]<br /> * [[Maria Ulfah Santoso]]<br /> * [[Mas Aris]]<br /> * [[Mas Mansoer]]<br /> * [[Masjkur]]<br /> * [[Mohammad Hatta]]<br /> * [[Mohammad Noor]]<br /> * [[Mohammad Yamin]]<br /> * [[Oey Tiang Tjoei]]<br /> * [[Oey Tjong Hauw]]<br /> * [[Oto Iskandar di Nata]]<br /> * [[P. F. Dahler]]<br /> * [[Panji Singgih]]<br /> * [[Parada Harahap]]<br /> * [[Poerbonegoro Soemitro Kolopaking]]<br /> * [[Purubojo]]<br /> * [[Rajiman Wediodiningrat]]<br /> * [[Roosseno Soerjohadikoesoemo]]<br /> * [[Ruslan Wongsokusumo]]<br /> * [[Samsi Sastrawidagda]]<br /> * [[Samsudin]]<br /> * [[Sartono]]<br /> * [[Sastromoeljono]]<br /> * [[Siti Sukaptinah Sunaryo Mangunpuspito]]<br /> * [[Soekiman Wirjosandjojo]]<br /> * [[Soepomo]]<br /> * [[Surachman Tjokroadisurjo]]<br /> * [[Soerjo]]<br /> * [[Soeroso]]<br /> * [[Soetardjo Kartohadikusumo]]<br /> * [[Soewandi]]<br /> * [[Sosrodiningrat V]]<br /> * [[Sudirman]]<br /> * [[Sukarjo Wiryopranoto]]<br /> * [[Sukarno]]<br /> * [[Suryohamijoyo]]<br /> * [[Susanto Tirtoprodjo]]<br /> * [[Tan Eng Hoa]]<br /> * [[Wahid Hasyim]]<br /> * [[Wiranatakusumah V]]<br /> * [[Wongsonegoro]]<br /> * [[Wuryaningrat]]<br /> <br /> |group2 = Japanese members<br /> | list2 = <br /> * [[Ide Teitiroo]]<br /> * {{Interlanguage link|Itibangase Yosio|ja|一番ヶ瀬佳雄}}<br /> * {{Interlanguage link|Itagaki Masamitsu|ja|板垣政参}}<br /> * {{Interlanguage link|Masuda Toyohiko|ja|益田豊彦}}<br /> * {{Interlanguage link|Matsuura Mitsukiyo|ja|松浦光清}}<br /> * [[Miyano Shozo]]<br /> * {{ill|Tanaka Minoru|ja|田中稔 (陸軍軍人)}}<br /> * {{Interlanguage link|Tokonami Tokuji|ja|床次徳二}}<br /> }}<br /> <br /> |group3 = Sumatra BPUPK<br /> | list3 = <br /> {{Navbox|subgroup<br /> | group1 = Indonesian members<br /> | list1 = <br /> * [[Teuku Nyak Arif]]<br /> * [[Adnan Kapau Gani]]<br /> * A. R. Sutan Mansur<br /> * A. Sjagoff<br /> * Abdul Abbas<br /> * Aminoeddin<br /> * Amir<br /> * Azairin<br /> * Chatib Soeleiman<br /> * [[Djamaluddin Adinegoro]] (secretary)<br /> * [[Ferdinand Lumban Tobing]]<br /> * [[Hamka]]<br /> * Hsu Hua Chang<br /> * Ibrahim<br /> * Indra Tjahaja<br /> * M. A. Sjarif<br /> * [[Daud Beureueh]]<br /> * [[Teuku Mohammad Hasan]]<br /> * Mohd. Sjafei (chairman)<br /> * Perpatih Baringek<br /> * Pirngadi<br /> * [[Asahan Sultanate|Saibun Abdul Jalil Rahmat Sjah]]<br /> * Sjech Mohd. Djamil Djambek<br /> * Tjik Wan<br /> }}<br /> }}&lt;noinclude&gt;<br /> {{navbox documentation}}<br /> [[Category:Indonesia navigational boxes]]<br /> [[Category:BPUPK| ]]<br /> &lt;/noinclude&gt;</div> Xbypass https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Central_Advisory_Council&diff=1243128744 Central Advisory Council 2024-08-30T17:45:46Z <p>Xbypass: /* Appointed by the Japanese military administration of Java */</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Institutions used to run Java and Sumatra during Japanese occupation}}<br /> {{History of Indonesia}}<br /> The {{nihongo|'''Central Advisory Council'''|中央参議院|Chūō Sangiin|extra=[[Kunrei-shiki romanization|Kunrei-shiki]]: ''Tyuuoo Sangiin'', {{lang-id|Dewan Pertimbangan Pusat}}|lead=yes}} was the name given to bodies established by the Japanese military administration in Java and Sumatra in 1943 during the [[Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies]] to notionally provide Indonesians with popular representation.<br /> <br /> ==Background==<br /> {{Main|Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies}}<br /> In early 1942, the Japanese [[Dutch East Indies campaign|invaded the Dutch East Indies]], overrunning the archipelago in less than two months. The Dutch in Java surrendered on March 8. Initially, Indonesians welcomed the Japanese as liberators from the colonial regime.{{sfn|Ricklefs|2008|p=322}}{{sfn|Kahin|1952|pp=101-102}} The Japanese divided the countries into three regions: Sumatra was under the [[Twenty-Fifth Army (Japan)|25th Army]], Java and [[Madura]] under the [[Sixteenth Army (Japan)|16th Army]] and Borneo and eastern Indonesia were controlled by [[Imperial Japanese Navy]].{{sfn|Ricklefs|2008|p=325}} The Japanese came to realize that if they wanted to exploit the nation's resources, they would have to give something back to the people in return, especially given the repressive nature of the occupation regime. The administration therefore decided to work with prominent Indonesian nationalists, including [[Sukarno]] - who the Japanese freed from the exile imposed by the Dutch - and [[Mohammed Hatta]]. The Japanese promised self-government in the future, and established a nationalist organization called Centre of People's Power ({{Lang-id|Poesat Tenaga Rakyat}}, Poetra (old spelling) ''Pusat Tenaga Rakyat,'' Putra (current spelling), {{lang-ja|民衆総力結集運動|minshū sōryoku kesshū undō}}). The new body was headed by Sukarno, Hatta, [[Ki Hajar Dewantara]] and [[Mas Mansoer]]. The Japanese then appointed more advisers and on 15 September 1943, established the Central Advisory Council in Java, chaired by Sukarno. Sessions of the CAC were held in the same building that had been used by the ''Volksraad'' in Pejambon, central Jakarta. It is now known as the [[Pancasila Building]].{{sfn|Ricklefs|2008|pp=332-333}}{{sfn|Kahin|1952|pp=103-106}}<br /> <br /> ==Aims and role==<br /> The Central Advisory Council was even less powerful than the pre-war body set up by the Dutch, the [[Volksraad (Dutch East Indies)|''Volksraad'']], as it was not allowed to criticize the government. Its role was limited to answering questions asked of it by the military administration.{{sfn|Anderson|1961|p=10}} In the view of the Japanese, the council would encourage the people of Java and Madura to take responsibility for their lives in accordance with the wishes of the Japanese. The subjects it was allowed to discuss were:{{sfn|Arniati |1982|p=30}}<br /> * the development of the government<br /> * improvements to standards of living<br /> * education and information<br /> * industry and the economy<br /> * welfare and social assistance<br /> * health<br /> <br /> == Java Central Advisory Council ==<br /> {{Infobox government agency<br /> | agency_name = Central Advisory Council (Java)<br /> | nativename_a = {{nihongo|中央参議院|Chūō Sangiin}}, Dewan Pertimbangan Pusat<br /> | formed = 15 September 1943 <br /> | dissolved = 21 June 1945<br /> | employees = 57<br /> | jurisdiction = [[Sixteenth Army (Japan)|16th Army command]]<br /> | headquarters = [[Jakarta]]<br /> }}<br /> === Membership of Java Central Advisory Council ===<br /> Members were either appointed by the 16th Army commander (23 members) or elected by and from regional representative councils ({{lang-ja|州参議会|Shū Sangi-kai}}), 18 members from special municipality representative councils ({{lang-ja|特別市参議会|Tokubetsu-shi Sangi-kai}}) and 2 members from special region ({{Lang-ja|公地|translit=kōchi, kooti}}) councils . Many of them had been members of nationalist organizations and/or the ''Volksraad''. Prominent members included [[Sukarno]], [[Mohammad Hatta|Hatta]], [[Ki Hajar Dewantara]], [[Mas Mansoer]] and [[Rajiman Wediodiningrat]]. The council also had a secretariat ({{lang-ja|事務局|jimukyoku, zimukyoku}}) comprising Javanese and Japanese members. The head as well as the two deputy heads were appointed directly by the head of the military administration. Following 7 September 1944 promise of future independence for the Dutch East Indies, 14 new members were appointed. The members were: {{sfn|Arniati |1982|pp=33-37, 115-121}}{{sfn|Kusuma|2004|p=77}}{{sfn|Anderson|1961|pp=10-11}}<br /> <br /> ==== Appointed by the Japanese military administration of Java ====<br /> {{columns-list|colwidth=20em|<br /> *[[Wahid Hasyim|Abdul Wahid Hasyim]]<br /> *[[Abikusno Tjokrosujoso]]<br /> *Ario Woerjaningrat<br /> *Bendoro P. Ario Soerjodiningrat<br /> *[[Gatot Mangkoepradja|Gatot Mangkupradja]]<br /> *[[Margono Djojohadikusumo|Margono Djojohadikoesoemo]]<br /> *{{ill|Mohammad Djamin|id|Datuk Djamin}}<br /> *[[Soeroso|Pandji Soeroso]]<br /> *{{ill|Samsoedin|id|Raden Sjamsoeddin}}<br /> *[[Soedjono Hoemardani|Soedjono]]<br /> *[[Sukarjo Wiryopranoto]]<br /> *[[Soemanang Soerjowinoto|Soemanang]]<br /> *[[Sukarno]]<br /> }}<br /> <br /> Additional members appointed in 1943:<br /> {{columns-list|colwidth=20em|<br /> *[[Abdurrahman Baswedan]]<br /> *[[Alexander Andries Maramis|Alexander A. Maramis]]<br /> *[[Johannes Latuharhary]]<br /> *Mas Goenari<br /> *[[Muhammad Yamin]]<br /> *{{ill|Oekar Bratakoesoema|id|Ukar Bratakusumah|su|Ukar Bratakusumah}}<br /> *[[P. F. Dahler]]<br /> *Prawoto Soemodilogo<br /> *{{ill|Roedjito|id|Roedjito (militer)}}<br /> *[[Wiwoho Purbohadidjojo|Wiwoho Poerbohadidjojo]]<br /> *[[Yap Tjwan Bing]]<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ==== Elected by regional advisory councils ====<br /> {{columns-list|colwidth=20em|<br /> *Adipati [[Sosrodiningrat V|Sosrodiningrat]] (Solo) <br /> *Bandoro P. Ario Poeroebojo (Jogjakarta)<br /> *Fatchoerrahman (Bodjonegoro) <br /> *Ibrahim Singadilaga (Djakarta) <br /> *M. A. Sofwan (Djakarta Raya) <br /> *M. Soetisna Sendjaja (Priangan) <br /> *Maas (Pekalongan) <br /> *Marzoeki Mahdi (Bogor) <br /> *Mas Aris (Pati) <br /> *Mohamad Toha (Tjirebon) <br /> *Poero Martodipoero (Kediri) <br /> *R. Z. Soeriakartalegawa (Banten) <br /> *Sardjito Kartomihardjo (Kedu) <br /> *Sardjono Danoedibroto (Banjumas)<br /> *Soejoedi (Semarang)<br /> *Soenarko (Malang) <br /> *Soerjonegoro (Madura) <br /> *Wediodiningrat (Madiun) <br /> }}<br /> <br /> Additional members appointed in 1943:<br /> *Asmo Asmodisastro (Besuki)<br /> *R. Soedirman (Surabaja)<br /> <br /> === Java Central Advisory Council Sessions ===<br /> <br /> ==== First Session (October 16–20, 1943) ====<br /> The session began with an expression of thanks from the Japanese for the willingness of the Indonesians to cooperate with the military regime. On October 17, Sukarno was appointed chairman while R.M.A.A. Koesoemo Oetojo and Boentaran Martoatmodjo were appointed vice-chairmen. All three were inaugurated by the head of the secretariat.{{sfn|Arniati |1982|pp=30, 47}}<br /> <br /> After this session, on November 10, a delegation from the Central Advisory Council comprising Sukarno, Hatta and Bagoes Hadikoesoemo left for Tokyo. They had been invited to Japan to thank the [[emperor|Hirohito]] for his generosity in giving the Indonesians the opportunity to work with the military administration. The delegation arrived on November 15. The following day the three men were decorated by the emperor. In a meeting with Japanese Prime minister [[Hideki Tojo|Tojo]], Sukarno asked for the ban on the [[flag of Indonesia|Indonesian flag]] and the [[Indonesia Raya|national anthem]] to be lifted and was told that the Japanese would consider these demands once they had won the war.{{sfn|Arniati |1982|pp=39-40}}{{sfn|Kahin|1952|pp=106-107}}<br /> <br /> ==== Second Session (January 30 - February 3, 1944) ====<br /> This session discussed the question from the Japanese military commander regarding practical ways the people of Java could organize their strength to be ready for victorious battle.{{sfn|Arniati |1982|p=57}}<br /> <br /> ==== Third Session (7 - 11 May 1944) ====<br /> The question for this session was how to raise the awareness of the people regarding their obligations as well as to strengthen friendly cooperation regardless of nationality, work or rank.{{sfn|Arniati |1982|p=64}}<br /> <br /> ==== Fourth Session (August 12–16, 1944) ====<br /> In July 1944, [[Saipan]] was [[Battle of Saipan|captured by the Allies]]. Sinkings of Japanese shipping led to shortages in Java and the military commander ordered the Central Advisory Council to meet to discuss the question of how to increase the workforce, defend the nation and increase production.{{sfn|Arniati |1982|pp=70-71}}<br /> <br /> ==== Fifth (Special) Session (September 11, 1944) ====<br /> In August 1944, the war situation worsened further for Japan, with the [[Solomon Islands campaign|loss of the Solomon Islands]] and the [[Marshall Islands]]. Prime Minister [[Hideki Tojo|Tojo]] resigned and was replaced by [[Kuniaki Koiso]]. On September 7, Koiso promised independence for the 'East Indies' &quot;later on&quot; (''di kemudian hari''). The next day, the Japanese military commander ordered special session of the Central Advisory Council to discus the question of how the Indonesian people could prove their gratitude to the Japanese government and how to awaken the enthusiasm of the people to destroy the United States and Britain.{{sfn|Elson|2009|p=108}}{{sfn|Arniati |1982|pp=77-79}}{{sfn|Kusuma|2004|p=79}}<br /> <br /> ==== Sixth Session (November 12–17, 1944) ====<br /> This session was attended by a large number of Japanese officials and civilians as well as journalists. The question under discussion was how to obtain real results in concentrating the strength of every person to wage war and what must be done to improve living standards as the war reaches a zenith.{{sfn|Arniati |1982|pp=82-83}}<br /> <br /> ==== Seventh Session (February 21–26, 1945) ====<br /> The war situation continued to worsen, as did the economic circumstances. Meanwhile, the Japanese took a slightly softer and Council members began to criticize the administration. The question discussed at this session was how to rapidly implement modernization of people's lives.{{sfn|Arniati |1982|pp=90-91}}<br /> <br /> ==== Eighth Session (June 18–21, 1945) ====<br /> On March 1, 1945, the establishment of the [[Investigating Committee for Preparatory Work for Independence]] (BPUPK) was announced by the Japanese to work on &quot;preparations for independence in the region of the government of this island of Java&quot;. The opening ceremony was held in the Central Advisory Council building on May 28. The first BPUPK plenary session was help from May 28 to June 1 to discuss the form of a future Indonesian state. On the final day, Sukarno made a speech in which he outlined the philosophical basis for the nation, the five principles subsequently known as [[Pancasila (politics)|Pancasila]].{{sfn|Kusuma|Elson|2011|p=196}}{{sfn|Anderson|1961|p=17}}{{sfn|Kahin|1952|pp=121-122}}<br /> <br /> Before the beginning of the final session of the Central Advisory Council, Vice-chairman M.A.A. Koesoemo Oetojo resigned because of his age. The members elected Hatta to replace him. In the session, delegates urged the Japanese administration to include more young people in the national leadership. The question put by the military commander concerned how to implement the endeavor to motivate every person to direct their energies and undergo training to strengthen their defenses and purify efforts towards the preparation of Indonesian independence as soon as possible.{{sfn|Arniati |1982|pp=102-103}}{{sfn|Anderson|1961|p=53}}<br /> <br /> ==Sumatra Central Advisory Council==<br /> {{Infobox government agency<br /> | agency_name = Central Advisory Council (Sumatra)<br /> | nativename_a = {{nihongo|中央参議院|Chūō Sangiin}}, Dewan Pertimbangan Pusat<br /> | formed = 25 March 1945 <br /> | dissolved = 2 July 1945<br /> | employees = 40<br /> | jurisdiction = [[Twenty-Fifth Army (Japan)|25th Army command]]<br /> | headquarters = [[Bukittinggi]]<br /> }}<br /> The commander of the [[Twenty-Fifth Army (Japan)|Japanese Twenty-Fifth Army]] Lt. Gen Hamada Hiromu, was much less enthusiastic about independence for Sumatra, the region under his authority, and was opposed to the idea of Sumatra being a part of any future indonesian state. Therefore, it was almost years after the establishment of the Java Central Advisory Council, when on March 25, 1945, before a similar body was announced for Sumatra, but it did not meet for the first time until the end of June. It had 40 members, 25 appointed by the Japanese and 15 chosen by the ten regional advisory councils. Mohammad Sjafei was appointed chairman. The vice-chairmen were Abdoel Abas and [[Teuku Nyak Arif]]. Like the Java body, this council also had a secretariat. This was headed by Sumatra journalist [[Djamaluddin Adinegoro]].{{sfn|Kusuma|2004|p=1}}{{sfn|Reid|1971|pp=27-28}}{{sfn|Ricklefs|2008|p=337}}{{sfn|Elson|2008|pp=104-105}}<br /> <br /> === Membership of Sumatra Central Advisory Council ===<br /> The membership was as follows:{{sfn|Reid|1971|pp=43-44}}<br /> <br /> ==== Appointed by the Japanese military administration of Sumatra ====<br /> {{columns-list|colwidth=20em|<br /> * A. Aziz (Tapanuli) <br /> * A.R. Sutan Mansur (West Sumatra) <br /> * Abdoel Katab (Jambi) <br /> * Baringek (West Sumatra) <br /> * [[Hamka]] (East Sumatra) <br /> * Hsu Hua Chang (East Sumatra) <br /> * Ibrahim (Palembang) <br /> * Indra Tjahaja (Bangkulu) <br /> * Makalam (Jambi) <br /> * Mohd. Djamil (West Sumatra) <br /> * Mohd. Hasbi (Aceh) <br /> * Mohd. Jasin (Bangkulu) <br /> * Mr. Abdul Abbas (Lampung) <br /> * Oen Lam Seng (Bangka Belitung) <br /> * Orang Kaja Mohd. Djamil (Mainland Riau) <br /> * Othman (East Sumatra) <br /> * R. Pirngadi (East Sumatra) <br /> * Radja Kaliamsjah Sinaga (East Sumatra) <br /> * Radja Saul Lumbantobing (Tapanuli) <br /> * Rahim Pasaman (Lampung) <br /> * Sjamsoeddin (Mainland Riau) <br /> * T. Tjut Hasan (Aceh) <br /> * T.P.P. Mohd. Ali (Aceh) <br /> * Tjik Mat (Palembang) <br /> * Tjik Wan (Palembang) <br /> }}<br /> <br /> ==== Elected by regional advisory councils ====<br /> {{columns-list|colwidth=20em|<br /> * [[Adnan Kapau Gani]] (Palembang)<br /> * Abdoel Manan (Jambi)<br /> * Abdoel Rozak (Palembang)<br /> * Abdoellah (Bangkulu)<br /> * Aminoedin (Mainland Riau)<br /> * Chatib Suleiman (West Sumatra)<br /> * Damrah (East Sumatra)<br /> * [[Djamaluddin Adinegoro]] (East Sumatra)<br /> * [[Ferdinand Lumban Tobing|Ferdinand Lumbantobing]] (Tapanuli)<br /> * Firman Rangkuti (Tapanuli)<br /> * M. A. Sjarif (Bangka Belitung)<br /> * Mohd. Baud Beureufehli (Aceh)<br /> * Mohd. Sjafei (West Sumatra)<br /> * [[Teuku Nyak Arif|Njak Arif]] (Aceh)<br /> * Radja Pagar Alam (Lampung)<br /> }}<br /> <br /> === Sumatra Central Advisory Council Session (June 27–July 2, 1945) ===<br /> The Sumatra Central Advisory Council met in [[Bukitinggi]] to discuss questions put to it by the Japanese military authorities. These concerned ways to strengthen the unity and resolve of the Sumatran people. It also passed a number of resolutions, including calling for the establishment of a Sumatran preparatory committee for independence and a 500,000-strong people's army. The Japanese subsequently announced a Sumatran [[Investigating Committee for Preparatory Work for Independence#Sumatra BPUPK|Investigating Committee for Preparatory Work for Independence]] chaired by Mohammad Sjafei.{{sfn|Reid|1971|pp=27-28}}{{sfn|Daradjadi|Osa Kurniawan Ilham|2020|pp=20-21}}<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[Investigating Committee for Preparatory Work for Independence|Investigating Committee for Preparatory Work for Independence (BPUPK)]]<br /> * [[Preparatory Committee for Indonesian Independence|Preparatory Committee for Indonesian Independence (PPKI)]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==Works cited==<br /> *{{Cite book|title=Some Aspects of Indonesian Politics under the Japanese occupation, 1944-1945|last=Anderson|first=Benedict|series=Cornell University. Dept. Of Far Eastern Studies. Modern Indonesia Project. Interim reports series - Cornell University. Modern Indonesia Project |author-link=Benedict Anderson|publisher=Cornell University|year=1961|isbn=|url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=coo.31924006545622&amp;view=1up&amp;seq=3|location=Ithaca, N.Y.|pages=}}<br /> * {{cite book |author = Arniati Prasedyawati Herkusumo | title = Chuo Sangi-in: Dewan Pertimbang Pusat Pada Masa Pendudukan Jepang|language = Indonesian |trans-title = Chuo Sangi-in: The Central Advisory Council during the Japanese Occupation | publisher =PT. Rosda Jayaputra |location = Jakarta, Indonesia| year = 1982 |ref = {{harvid|Arniati|1982}}}}<br /> * {{cite book | author1 = Daradjadi | author2 = Osa Kurniawan Ilham | title = Pejambon 1945: Konsensus Agung para Pelatak Fondasi Bangsa |language = id| trans-title = Pejambon 1845: The Great Consensus of the Nation's Founders| publisher = Kompas Gramedia | location = Jakarta |year = 2020 | isbn = 978-623-00-2017-9}}<br /> * {{cite book | last = Elson |first = R.E. | date = 2008 | title = The Idea of Indonesia: A History | publisher = Cambridge University Press | isbn = 978-0-521-87648-3}}<br /> * {{cite journal | last1 = Elson | first1 = R. E. | date = 2009 | title = Another Look at the Jakarta Charter Controversy of 1945 | url = https://ecommons.cornell.edu/bitstream/handle/1813/54483/INDO_88_0_1255982649_105_130.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y | journal = Indonesia | volume = 88 | issue = 88 | pages = 105–130}}<br /> * {{Cite book | last = Kahin | first = George McTurnan | author-link = George McTurnan Kahin | title = Nationalism and Revolution in Indonesia | publisher = Cornell University Press | year = 1952 | location = Ithaca, New York}}<br /> * {{cite book | last = Kusuma| first = A.B. | title = Lahirnya Undang-Undang Dasar 1945 : memuat salinan dokumen otentik badan oentoek menyelidiki oesaha2 persiapan kemerdekaan|language = Indonesian |trans-title = The Birth of the 1945 Constitution: including copies of the authentic documents of the Investigating Committee for Preparatory Work for Independence | publisher =Badan Penerbit Fakultas Hukum Universitas Indonesia |location = Depok, Indonesia| year = 2004 | isbn = 979-8972-28-7}}<br /> * {{Cite journal | last1 = Kusuma | first1 = A.B. | last2 = Elson | first2 = R.E. | title = A note on the sources for the 1945 constitutional debates in Indonesia | journal = Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde | volume = 167 | issue = 2–3 | pages = 196–209| year = 2011 | issn = 0006-2294 | doi = 10.1163/22134379-90003589| url = http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:273574/UQ273574_OA.pdf }}<br /> * {{Cite journal | last= Reid| first= Anthony| date=October 1971| title=The Birth of the Republic of Sumatra |journal=Indonesia|volume=12|issue=12|pages=21–46|doi=10.2307/3350656|jstor=3350656|url=https://ecommons.cornell.edu/bitstream/handle/1813/53522/INDO_12_0_1107125075_21_46.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y}}<br /> * {{Cite book | last = Ricklefs| first = M.C. | author-link = M. C. Ricklefs | title = A History of Modern Indonesia Since c.1300 | publisher = MacMillan |location = London| edition = 4th | year = 2008 | orig-year = 1981 | isbn = 978-0-230-54685-1}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:1943 in the Dutch East Indies]]<br /> [[Category:Indonesia in World War II]]<br /> [[Category:Indonesian collaborators with Imperial Japan]]<br /> [[Category:Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies]]</div> Xbypass https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Investigating_Committee_for_Preparatory_Work_for_Independence&diff=1243126703 Investigating Committee for Preparatory Work for Independence 2024-08-30T17:28:30Z <p>Xbypass: /* Formation and composition */</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Japanese sponsored organization in Indonesia}}<br /> {{History of Indonesia}}<br /> The '''Investigating Committee for Preparatory Work for Independence''' ({{lang-id|Badan Penyelidik Usaha-usaha Persiapan Kemerdekaan}}, '''BPUPK'''; {{lang-ja|独立準備調査会}}, [[Hepburn romanization|Hepburn]]: {{transl|ja|Dokuritsu Junbi Chōsakai}}, [[Nihon-shiki]] / [[Kunrei-shiki]]: {{transl|ja|Dokuritu Zyunbi Tyoosa-kai}}), sometimes referred to, but better known locally, as the '''Investigating Committee for Preparatory Work for Indonesian Independence''' ({{lang-id|Badan Penyelidik Usaha-usaha Persiapan Kemerdekaan Indonesia}}, '''BPUPKI'''),{{refn|group=note|&quot;Indonesia&quot; was not part of the name as the 16th Army only had authority over Java.{{sfn|Kusuma|Elson|2011|p=196}}}} was an organization set up in March 1945 by the Japanese military authority in Java during the [[Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies]] as the initial stage of the establishment of independence for the area under the control of the [[Japanese 16th Army]]. The BPUPK held two plenary meetings; the first was from 28 May to 1 June 1945 and the second was between 10 and 17 July 1945.<br /> <br /> ==Background==<br /> Realising Japan was losing the war, on 7 September 1944, in a session of the Japanese parliament, Prime Minister [[Kuniaki Koiso]] promised independence for the [Dutch] 'East Indies' at &quot;sometime in the future&quot;.{{sfn|Tan Malaka|2020|p=}} The [[Imperial Japanese Navy|Japanese navy]] was not supportive of the idea, but the [[Twenty-Fifth Army (Japan)|25th Army]] in Sumatra established a [[Central Advisory Council#Sumatra Central Advisory Council|Central Advisory Council]], headed by Mohammad Sjafei, which met only once. Despite navy opposition, army-navy liaison vice-admiral [[Tadashi Maeda (admiral)|Maeda Tadashi]] began to fund speaking tours by Indonesian nationalists [[Sukarno]] and [[Mohammad Hatta|Hatta]]. Other groups were set up, both civilian and military, and Indonesians began to be appointed to administrative posts. After the Japanese defeat at the [[Battle of Leyte Gulf]] and the liberation of the Philippines, the Japanese abandoned hope of turning Indonesia into a puppet state, and now began to try and win goodwill. However, a rebellion by [[Defenders of the Homeland|PETA militias]] in [[Blitar]] in February 1945 showed the Japanese they were losing control.{{sfn|Ricklefs|2008|p=339}}{{sfn|Kahin|1952|p=121}}<br /> <br /> == Java ==<br /> <br /> === Formation and composition ===<br /> In February 1945, partly in response to the Koiso declaration, the [[Sixteenth Army (Japan)|16th Army]] decided to establish a committee to investigate Indonesian independence. According to [[Benedict Anderson]], this was intended as a concession to Indonesian nationalists, and the Japanese hoped it would redirect nationalist enthusiasm towards harmless arguments between factions. The BPUPK was announced by the Sixteenth Army commander Lieutenant General Kumakichi Harada on 1 March 1945 to work on &quot;preparations for independence in the region of the government of this island of Java&quot;.{{sfn|Kusuma|Elson|2011|p=196}}{{sfn|Anderson|1961|pp=16-17}}{{sfn|Daradjadi|Osa Kurniawan Ilham|2020|p=10}} In the three months before the committee was established, a 19-member advisory board, or ''Sanyo Kaigi'' chaired by Sartono discussed the organization, agenda and membership of it. The membership was to comprise 30 Indonesians, 3 Japanese and one representative each of the Chinese, Arab and Dutch ethnic groups. The board agreed to the two-stage Japanese plan of an investigating committee for Java, followed by a preparation committee for all of Indonesia. It also agreed that the territory of the independent state would not be discussed.{{sfn|Inomata|1997|p=102-104}} The BPUPK eventually met in the [[Pancasila Building|building]] formerly used by the [[Volksraad (Dutch East Indies)|''Volksraad'']] (People's Council), which had been set up by the Dutch. The Japanese appointed 59 members, representing the major groups in [[Java]] and [[Madura]]. The membership, which was announced on April 29, (coinciding with the [[Shōwa Day|birthday of Emperor Hirohito]]), included eight Japanese, including one of the vice-chairmen. Among the members were:{{sfn|Ricklefs|2008|p=339}}{{sfn|Anderson|1961|p=18}}<br /> {{columns-list|colwidth=20em|<br /> * [[Rajiman Wediodiningrat|Dr. Radjiman Wediodiningrat]] (chairman)<br /> * {{ill|Ichibangase Yoshio|ja|一番ヶ瀬佳雄|zh|一番瀨佳雄}} (vice-chairman)<br /> * [[Soeroso]] (vice-chairman)<br /> * [[Abdoel Gaffar Pringgodigdo]] (co-secretary)<br /> * [[Sukarno]]<br /> * [[Mohammad Hatta]]<br /> * [[Besar Mertokusumo]]<br /> * [[Mas Mansoer]]<br /> * [[Ki Hajar Dewantara]]<br /> * [[Agus Salim]]<br /> * [[Soepomo]]<br /> * [[Soetardjo Kartohadikusumo]]<br /> * [[Abikusno Tjokrosujoso]]<br /> * {{ill|Bagus Hadikusuma|id|Bagoes Hadikoesoemo|ms|Ki Bagoes Hadikoesoemo|jv|Bagoes Hadikoesoemo|min|Bagoes Hadikoesoemo}}<br /> * [[Wahid Hasyim|Abdul Wahid Hasyim]]<br /> * [[Muhammad Yamin]]<br /> * [[Abdurrahman Baswedan]]<br /> * [[Agus Muhsin Jasad]]<br /> * [[Parada Harahap]]<br /> * [[Liem Koen Hian]]<br /> * [[Oey Tiang Tjoei]]<br /> * [[Oei Tjong Hauw]]<br /> * [[Tan Eng Hoa]]<br /> * [[P. F. Dahler]]<br /> * Akira Youka<br /> * Hina Mayada<br /> * Ryuka Honda<br /> }}<br /> The Japanese vice-chairman, {{nihongo||一番ヶ背 芳雄|Ichibangase Yoshio}}, was unable to understand [[Indonesian language|Indonesian]], the language used in the meetings.{{sfn|Kahin|1952|p=121}}<br /> <br /> === Plenary sessions ===<br /> <br /> ==== First (28 May – 1 June 1945) ====<br /> The opening ceremony took place on 28 May. It opened with a speech by the commander of the Japanese 16th Army, Lieutenant General Yuichiro Nagano, who said that independence was being granted to Indonesia to ensure good relations with Japan in the long term. There were speeches by other Japanese officials followed by the taking of a commemorative photograph.{{sfn|Inomata|1997|p=106}}{{sfn|Kusuma|2004|p=87}} The meetings over the next four days consisted mostly of speeches by members and discussions about the ideology of an independent state, in particular whether there would be a role for Islam. On 31 May, Professor [[Soepomo]] called for an authoritarian integralistic state based on a combination of the systems in [[Nazi Germany]] and [[Imperial Japan]], with a strong executive. He claimed that as each individual would be a part of the state, there would be no need for guarantees of human rights because the interests of the state and its citizens would be exactly the same.{{sfn|Butt|Lindsey|2012|p=40-41}} On the final day, 1 June, [[Sukarno]] made his famous speech in which he outlined the [[Pancasila (politics)|Pancasila]] - the five principles that would form the ideological basis of the new state. Although the speech was well-received, Islamic leaders were worried that their interests would not be protected under Pancasila.{{sfn|Nasution|1995|p=11}} At the end of the BPUPK session, members were encouraged to discuss their views and hear opinions from the people at meetings held in their hometowns. A sub-committee of eight members, the ''panitia kecil'' (small committee), was set up with Sukarno as chairman to discuss the issues that had emerged.{{sfn|Inomata|1997|p=106}}{{sfn|Elson|2009|p=112}}{{sfn|Legge|2003|p=209}}{{sfn|Daradjadi|Osa Kurniawan Ilham|2020|p=97}}<br /> <br /> ==== Recess ====<br /> The [[Central Advisory Council]] also established by the Japanese held a session from 18 to 21 June, and Sukarno, who chaired the body, took advantage of this to hold a meeting of the CAC members who were also members of the BPUPK. He also invited the BPUPK members who lived in Jakarta. Of the 47 people invited, 38 met and, prompted by Sukarno, established a nine-member committee, the ''panitia sembilan'', to work on a draft [[Constitution of Indonesia|constitution]]. This group included nationalists as well as Islamic figures, and on June 22 produced a draft preamble to the constitution including the wording of Pancasila, albeit in a different order from that in Sukarno's June 1 speech, with the religious obligation for Muslims. This was mostly the work of Muhammad Yamin, who named the resultant document the [[Jakarta Charter]].{{sfn|Nasution|1995|p=11}}{{sfn|Elson|2009|p=112-113}}<br /> <br /> ==== Second (10–17 July 1945) ====<br /> This session debated and reached agreement on fundamental issues relating to the new nation, including its form, territory and constitution.{{sfn|Inomata|1997|p=106}} On 10 July, a large majority of members (55) voted for independent Indonesia being a republic, rather than a monarchy (6 votes) or other type of state (2 votes). The next day, it was decided that the territory of Indonesia would include not only the [[Dutch East Indies]], but also [[British Malaya|Malaya]], [[North Borneo]], [[Portuguese Timor]], a concept known as [[Greater Indonesia]] (''Indonesia Raya''), which was strongly supported by [[Mohammad Yamin]]. This proposal garnered 39 votes, with 19 votes for a state limited to the territory of the Dutch East Indies and 6 votes for the Dutch East Indies plus Malaya.{{sfn|Inomata|1997|p=107}}{{sfn|Kusuma|2004|p=62}}<br /> <br /> The debate about the nature of the state continued. The main opposition to Soepomo's integralistic concept came from Muhammad Yamin, who favoured a liberal democracy similar to the United States, with separation of powers and a bill of rights. Other delegates called for an Islamic state, or at the very least, a constitutional obligation for Muslims to abide by Shariah law.{{sfn|Butt|Lindsey|2012|p=42}}<br /> <br /> A sub-committee held meetings on 11, 13 and 15 July to discuss details of the constitution. All 27 members agreed to the final format on 15 July.{{sfn|Soeripto |1962|p=80-131}} As Soepomo played a dominant role in the drafting of the document, his views were manifested in its provision for a strong state.{{sfn|Butt|Lindsey |2012|p=41}} The constitution was approved by the BPUPK on 16 July, with only Yamin voting against it, apparently because he was unhappy at not having been included in the constitution drafting committee.{{sfn|Elson|2009|p=115n}}{{sfn|Kusuma|2004|p=432}}<br /> <br /> == Sumatra ==<br /> On 25 July, a BPUPK was established by the Japanese 25th Army, in Sumatra, chaired by Mohammad Sjafei, head of the Sumatra [[Central Advisory Council]], as chairman. The secretary was Djamaluddin Adinegoro. As well as the chairman and secretary, there were 22 members, including A.K. Gani, [[Teuku Mohammad Hasan|Teuku Hasan]], [[Hamka]] and the [[Asahan Sultanate|Sultan of Asahan]]. It never met, but issued a statement of its resolve to strive for the Japanese Empire. The chairman and secretary had planned to travel around Sumatra making speeches. They set off on July 26, but the tour was cut short by the Japanese surrender.{{sfn|Kahin|1952|p=121-122}}{{sfn|Kusuma|2004|p=1}}{{sfn|Reid|1971|pp=28-29, 45}}<br /> <br /> === Composition ===<br /> The members of BPUPK in Sumatra were:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Reid |first=Anthony |url=https://brill.com/view/title/23090 |title=An Indonesian Frontier: Acehnese and Other Histories of Sumatra |date=2004-01-01 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-48655-3 |doi=10.1163/9789004486553_018|s2cid=243462963 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> * Chairman: {{ill|Mohd. Sjafei|id|Mohammad Sjafei}} <br /> * Secretary: [[Djamaluddin Adinegoro]] <br /> * Members: Aceh: [[Teuku Nyak Arif|T. Njak Arif]], [[Daud Beureueh|Tgk. Mohd. Daud Beureu'eh]]<br /> * Members: East Sumatra: Dr. Pirngadi; {{ill|Dr. Amir|id|Mohammad Amir}}; {{ill|Mr. T. Mohd. Hasan|id|Teuku Muhammad Hasan}}; [[Hamka]]; Tgk. Saibun Abdul Jalil Rahmat Sjah, {{ill|Sultan of Asahan|id|Daftar Sultan Asahan}}; Hsu Hua Chang<br /> * Members: Tapanuli: Dr. [[Ferdinand Lumbantobing]]; Mr. [[Hazairin|Azairin]]<br /> * Members: West Sumatra: {{ill|Dt. Perpatih Baringek|id|Rusad Datuk Perpatih Baringek|min|Rusad Datuk Perpatih Baringek}}; {{ill|A.R. Sutan Mansur|id|Ahmad Rasyid|min|Ahmad Rasyid Sutan Mansur|ms|Ahmad Rasyid}}; {{ill|Chatib Soeleiman|id|Chatib Soeleiman}}; [[Muhammad Jamil Jambek|Sjech Mohd. Djamil Djambek]]<br /> * Members: Riau: Aminoeddin<br /> * Members: Jambi: Dr. A. Sjagoff<br /> * Members: Bengkulu: Ir. Indra Tjahaja<br /> * Members: Palembang: [[Adnan Kapau Gani|Dr. A.K. Gani]]; Ir. Ibrahim; K.H. Tjik Wan<br /> * Members: Lampung: Mr. Abdul Abbas<br /> * Members: Bangka-Billiton: M.A. Sjarif<br /> <br /> == Eastern islands ==<br /> In the [[Great East|eastern islands]], the Japanese Navy, the occupying authority, did not believe the inhabitants of the region were ready for independence. It allowed the establishment of a short-lived and impotent National Party chaired by the Sultan of [[Bone state|Bone]], but this was banned six weeks later. The stance by the Navy prompted Sukarno to send two pro-independence figures from the east, [[Sam Ratulangi]] and [[Tadjuddin Noor]], who were in Java, back home to mobilize pro-independence forces.{{sfn|Kahin|1952|p=121-122}}{{sfn|Kusuma|2004|p=1}}<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[Central Advisory Council]]<br /> * [[Preparatory Committee for Indonesian Independence|Preparatory Committee for Indonesian Independence (PPKI)]]<br /> * [[Central Indonesian National Committee|Central Indonesian National Committee (KNIP)]]<br /> <br /> ==Note==<br /> {{reflist|group=note}}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist|2}}<br /> <br /> ==Works cited==<br /> *{{Cite book|title=Some Aspects of Indonesian Politics under the Japanese occupation, 1944-1945|last=Anderson|first=Benedict|series=Cornell University. Dept. Of Far Eastern Studies. Modern Indonesia Project. Interim reports series - Cornell University. Modern Indonesia Project |author-link=Benedict Anderson|publisher=Cornell University|year=1961|url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=coo.31924006545622&amp;view=1up&amp;seq=3|location=Ithaca, N.Y.}}<br /> * {{cite book |last1 = Butt|first1 = Simon |last2 = Lindsey | first2 = Tim |title=The Constitution of Indonesia: A Contextual Analysis|publisher = Hart Publishing |year=2012 |location = Oxford &amp; Portland, Oregon|isbn=978-1-84113-018-7 }}<br /> * {{cite book | author1 = Daradjadi | author2 = Osa Kurniawan Ilham | title = Pejambon 1945: Konsensus Agung para Pelatak Fondasi Bangsa |language = id| trans-title = Pejambon 1845: The Great Consensus of the Nation's Founders| publisher = Kompas Gramedia | location = Jakarta |year = 2020 | isbn = 978-623-00-2017-9}}<br /> * {{cite journal |last1=Elson |first1=R. E. |date=October 2009 |title=Another Look at the Jakarta Charter Controversy of 1945 |url= https://ecommons.cornell.edu/bitstream/handle/1813/54483/INDO_88_0_1255982649_105_130.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y |journal=Indonesia |volume= 88|issue=88 |pages=105–130 |access-date= 21 December 2018}}<br /> * {{cite book |last=Inomata |first=Aiko Kurasawa |editor-last=Abdullah |editor-first=Taufik |title=The Heartbeat of Indonesian Revolution |publisher=PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama |date=1997 |pages=97–113 |chapter=Indonesia Merdeka Selekas-lekasnya: Preparations for Independence in the Last Days of Japanese Occupation |isbn=978-979-605-723-8 }}<br /> * {{Cite book | last = Kahin | first = George McTurnan | author-link = George McTurnan Kahin | title = Nationalism and Revolution in Indonesia | publisher = Cornell University Press | year = 1952| location = Ithaca, New York }}<br /> *{{cite book | last = Kusuma| first = A.B | title = Lahirnya Undang-Undang Dasar 1945 : memuat salinan dokumen otentik badan oentoek menyelidiki oesaha2 persiapan kemerdekaan|language = Indonesian |trans-title = The Birth of the 1945 Constitution: including copies of the authentic documents of the Investigating Committee for Preparatory Work for Independence | publisher =Badan Penerbit Fakultas Hukum Universitas Indonesia |location = Depok, Indonesia| year = 2004 | isbn = 979-8972-28-7}}<br /> * {{Citation | last1 = Kusuma | first1 = A.B. | last2 = Elson | first2 = R.E. | title = A note on the sources for the 1945 constitutional debates in Indonesia | journal = Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde | volume = 167 | issue = 2–3 | pages = 196–209| year = 2011 | issn = 0006-2294 | doi = 10.1163/22134379-90003589| url = http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:273574/UQ273574_OA.pdf }}<br /> * {{cite book | last =Legge| first = John David | title =Sukarno: A Political Biography| publisher = Archipelago Press| location = Singapore| pages =101–102| isbn =978-981-4068-64-2| year = 2003 }}<br /> * {{Citation | last = Nasution | first = Adnan Buyung | author-link = Adnan Buyung Nasution | title = ''Aspirasi Pemerintahan Konstitutional di Indonesia: Studi Sosio-Legal atas Konstituante 1956-1956'' (''The Aspiration for Constitutional Government in Indonesia: A Socio-Legal Study of the Indonesian Konstituante 1956-1959'')| language = id | publisher = Pustaka Utama Grafiti |location = Jakarta| year = 1995 | isbn = 978-979-444-384-2 }}<br /> * {{Cite journal | last= Reid| first= Anthony| date=October 1971| title=The Birth of the Republic of Sumatra |journal=Indonesia|volume=12|issue=12|pages=21–46|doi=10.2307/3350656|jstor=3350656|url=https://ecommons.cornell.edu/bitstream/handle/1813/53522/INDO_12_0_1107125075_21_46.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y}}<br /> * {{Cite book | last = Ricklefs| first = M.C. | author-link = M. C. Ricklefs | title = A History of Modern Indonesia Since c.1300 | publisher = MacMillan |location = London| edition = 4th | year = 2008 | orig-year = 1981 | isbn = 978-0-230-54685-1 }}<br /> * {{Cite book | editor = Soeripto | title = Lahirnya Undang-Undang Dasar 1945| trans-title = Birth of the 1945 Constitution| language = id | publisher = Penerbitan Grip |location = Surabaya | year = 1962 }}<br /> * {{Cite book | author = Tan Malaka| title = From Jail to Jail| translator= Helen Jarvis| publisher = Ohio University Press | year = 2020 |isbn = 9780896804043|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=EqAMEAAAQBAJ&amp;dq=koiso+7+September+1944+%22kan+po%22&amp;pg=PT527}}<br /> <br /> {{Members of the Investigating Committee for Preparatory Work for Independence}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Bpupki}}<br /> [[Category:1945 in the Dutch East Indies]]<br /> [[Category:BPUPK| ]]<br /> [[Category:Indonesia in World War II]]<br /> [[Category:Indonesian collaborators with Imperial Japan]]<br /> [[Category:Indonesian National Revolution]]<br /> [[Category:Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies]]</div> Xbypass https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yap_Tjwan_Bing&diff=1243125115 Yap Tjwan Bing 2024-08-30T17:15:53Z <p>Xbypass: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indonesian politician}}<br /> {{more citations needed|date=September 2018}}<br /> {{family name hatnote|[[Ye (surname)|Yap]]|lang=Chinese}}<br /> '''Yap Tjwan Bing''' (1910-1988, {{Zh|c=叶全明}}) was an Indonesian politician active in the [[Indonesian independence movement]].<br /> <br /> ==Life and career==<br /> Bing was born in [[Kediri (city)|Kediri]], son of a [[Chinese Indonesians|Chinese Indonesian]] merchant. He trained in pharmacy in Amsterdam (1932-1939) and subsequently returned to Indonesia to work in [[Bandung]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.liputan6.com/news/read/814376/yap-tjwan-bing-apoteker-yang-ikut-menyiapkan-kemerdekaan-ri|title=Yap Tjwan Bing, Apoteker yang Ikut Menyiapkan Kemerdekaan RI|last=Liputan6.com|date=30 January 2014 |publisher=}}&lt;/ref&gt; He was a member of the [[Central Advisory Council]] during the [[Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Some Aspects of Indonesian Politics under the Japanese occupation, 1944-1945|last=Anderson|first=Benedict|series=Cornell University. Dept. Of Far Eastern Studies. Modern Indonesia Project. Interim reports series - Cornell University. Modern Indonesia Project |author-link=Benedict Anderson|publisher=Cornell University|year=1961|isbn=|url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=coo.31924006545622&amp;view=1up&amp;seq=3|location=Ithaca, N.Y.|page=10}}&lt;/ref&gt; In 1945, he was the sole Chinese member of the [[Preparatory Committee for Indonesian Independence]] (PPKI). After the declaration of Indonesian independence in 1945, he moved to [[Yogyakarta]], where he founded the Chung Hwa Chung Hwee-Central in support of Indonesian independence. In 1948, he merged this organization into the Persatuan Tionghoa. He became a member of the [[Partai Nasional Indonesia]] (PNI) and sat in the Indonesian parliament until 1955. He was one of the first members of the Ikatan Apotheker Indonesia (founded in 1955). In May 1963, his house and car were burnt by a mob in an anti-Chinese riot in [[Bandung]]. He moved to the [[United States]] soon afterwards and did not return to Indonesia. Jalan Jagalan in [[Surakarta]] was renamed Jalan Yap Tjwan Bing on 22 Februari 2008.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://seword.com/sosbud/yap-tjwan-bing-anggota-ppki-diapresiasi-jokowi-menjadi-nama-jalan-di-solo|title=Special Word, Opini Indonesia - SEWORD|last=aGVyaXlhbnRvIGJpbmR1bmkK|website=Seword}}&lt;/ref&gt; He was a Protestant Christian.<br /> <br /> He died in 1988.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZO6gCgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA397|title=Prominent Indonesian Chinese: Biographical Sketches|edition=4th|first=Leo|last=Suryadinata|publisher=Institute of Southeast Asian Studies|year=2015|page=397|isbn=978-981-4620-50-5|via=Google Books}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{Authority control}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:1910 births]]<br /> [[Category:1988 deaths]]<br /> [[Category:20th-century Indonesian politicians]]<br /> [[Category:BPUPK]]<br /> [[Category:Indonesian National Awakening]]<br /> [[Category:Indonesian people of Chinese descent]]<br /> [[Category:Members of the Central Advisory Council]]<br /> [[Category:People from Surakarta]]<br /> [[Category:Politicians from Central Java]]<br /> [[Category:PPKI]]<br /> <br /> {{Indonesia-politician-stub}}</div> Xbypass https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Central_Advisory_Council&diff=1243124872 Central Advisory Council 2024-08-30T17:13:49Z <p>Xbypass: /* Membership of Java Central Advisory Council */</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Institutions used to run Java and Sumatra during Japanese occupation}}<br /> {{History of Indonesia}}<br /> The {{nihongo|'''Central Advisory Council'''|中央参議院|Chūō Sangiin|extra=[[Kunrei-shiki romanization|Kunrei-shiki]]: ''Tyuuoo Sangiin'', {{lang-id|Dewan Pertimbangan Pusat}}|lead=yes}} was the name given to bodies established by the Japanese military administration in Java and Sumatra in 1943 during the [[Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies]] to notionally provide Indonesians with popular representation.<br /> <br /> ==Background==<br /> {{Main|Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies}}<br /> In early 1942, the Japanese [[Dutch East Indies campaign|invaded the Dutch East Indies]], overrunning the archipelago in less than two months. The Dutch in Java surrendered on March 8. Initially, Indonesians welcomed the Japanese as liberators from the colonial regime.{{sfn|Ricklefs|2008|p=322}}{{sfn|Kahin|1952|pp=101-102}} The Japanese divided the countries into three regions: Sumatra was under the [[Twenty-Fifth Army (Japan)|25th Army]], Java and [[Madura]] under the [[Sixteenth Army (Japan)|16th Army]] and Borneo and eastern Indonesia were controlled by [[Imperial Japanese Navy]].{{sfn|Ricklefs|2008|p=325}} The Japanese came to realize that if they wanted to exploit the nation's resources, they would have to give something back to the people in return, especially given the repressive nature of the occupation regime. The administration therefore decided to work with prominent Indonesian nationalists, including [[Sukarno]] - who the Japanese freed from the exile imposed by the Dutch - and [[Mohammed Hatta]]. The Japanese promised self-government in the future, and established a nationalist organization called Centre of People's Power ({{Lang-id|Poesat Tenaga Rakyat}}, Poetra (old spelling) ''Pusat Tenaga Rakyat,'' Putra (current spelling), {{lang-ja|民衆総力結集運動|minshū sōryoku kesshū undō}}). The new body was headed by Sukarno, Hatta, [[Ki Hajar Dewantara]] and [[Mas Mansoer]]. The Japanese then appointed more advisers and on 15 September 1943, established the Central Advisory Council in Java, chaired by Sukarno. Sessions of the CAC were held in the same building that had been used by the ''Volksraad'' in Pejambon, central Jakarta. It is now known as the [[Pancasila Building]].{{sfn|Ricklefs|2008|pp=332-333}}{{sfn|Kahin|1952|pp=103-106}}<br /> <br /> ==Aims and role==<br /> The Central Advisory Council was even less powerful than the pre-war body set up by the Dutch, the [[Volksraad (Dutch East Indies)|''Volksraad'']], as it was not allowed to criticize the government. Its role was limited to answering questions asked of it by the military administration.{{sfn|Anderson|1961|p=10}} In the view of the Japanese, the council would encourage the people of Java and Madura to take responsibility for their lives in accordance with the wishes of the Japanese. The subjects it was allowed to discuss were:{{sfn|Arniati |1982|p=30}}<br /> * the development of the government<br /> * improvements to standards of living<br /> * education and information<br /> * industry and the economy<br /> * welfare and social assistance<br /> * health<br /> <br /> == Java Central Advisory Council ==<br /> {{Infobox government agency<br /> | agency_name = Central Advisory Council (Java)<br /> | nativename_a = {{nihongo|中央参議院|Chūō Sangiin}}, Dewan Pertimbangan Pusat<br /> | formed = 15 September 1943 <br /> | dissolved = 21 June 1945<br /> | employees = 57<br /> | jurisdiction = [[Sixteenth Army (Japan)|16th Army command]]<br /> | headquarters = [[Jakarta]]<br /> }}<br /> === Membership of Java Central Advisory Council ===<br /> Members were either appointed by the 16th Army commander (23 members) or elected by and from regional representative councils ({{lang-ja|州参議会|Shū Sangi-kai}}), 18 members from special municipality representative councils ({{lang-ja|特別市参議会|Tokubetsu-shi Sangi-kai}}) and 2 members from special region ({{Lang-ja|公地|translit=kōchi, kooti}}) councils . Many of them had been members of nationalist organizations and/or the ''Volksraad''. Prominent members included [[Sukarno]], [[Mohammad Hatta|Hatta]], [[Ki Hajar Dewantara]], [[Mas Mansoer]] and [[Rajiman Wediodiningrat]]. The council also had a secretariat ({{lang-ja|事務局|jimukyoku, zimukyoku}}) comprising Javanese and Japanese members. The head as well as the two deputy heads were appointed directly by the head of the military administration. Following 7 September 1944 promise of future independence for the Dutch East Indies, 14 new members were appointed. The members were: {{sfn|Arniati |1982|pp=33-37, 115-121}}{{sfn|Kusuma|2004|p=77}}{{sfn|Anderson|1961|pp=10-11}}<br /> <br /> ==== Appointed by the Japanese military administration of Java ====<br /> {{columns-list|colwidth=20em|<br /> *[[Wahid Hasyim|Abdul Wahid Hasyim]]<br /> *[[Abikusno Tjokrosujoso]]<br /> *Ario Woerjaningrat<br /> *Bendoro P. Ario Soerjodiningrat<br /> *[[Gatot Mangkoepradja|Gatot Mangkupradja]]<br /> *[[Margono Djojohadikusumo|Margono Djojohadikoesoemo]]<br /> *Mohammad Djamin<br /> *[[Soeroso|Pandji Soeroso]]<br /> *Samsoedin<br /> *Soedjono<br /> *[[Sukarjo Wiryopranoto]]<br /> *Soemanang<br /> *[[Sukarno]]<br /> }}<br /> <br /> Additional members appointed in 1943:<br /> {{columns-list|colwidth=20em|<br /> *[[Abdurrahman Baswedan]]<br /> *[[Alexander Andries Maramis|Alexander A. Maramis]]<br /> *[[Johannes Latuharhary]]<br /> *Mas Goenari<br /> *[[Muhammad Yamin]]<br /> *Oekar Bratakoesoema<br /> *[[P. F. Dahler]]<br /> *Prawoto Soemodilogo<br /> *Roedjito<br /> *[[Wiwoho Purbohadidjojo|Wiwoho Poerbohadidjojo]]<br /> *[[Yap Tjwan Bing]]<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ==== Elected by regional advisory councils ====<br /> {{columns-list|colwidth=20em|<br /> *Adipati [[Sosrodiningrat V|Sosrodiningrat]] (Solo) <br /> *Bandoro P. Ario Poeroebojo (Jogjakarta)<br /> *Fatchoerrahman (Bodjonegoro) <br /> *Ibrahim Singadilaga (Djakarta) <br /> *M. A. Sofwan (Djakarta Raya) <br /> *M. Soetisna Sendjaja (Priangan) <br /> *Maas (Pekalongan) <br /> *Marzoeki Mahdi (Bogor) <br /> *Mas Aris (Pati) <br /> *Mohamad Toha (Tjirebon) <br /> *Poero Martodipoero (Kediri) <br /> *R. Z. Soeriakartalegawa (Banten) <br /> *Sardjito Kartomihardjo (Kedu) <br /> *Sardjono Danoedibroto (Banjumas)<br /> *Soejoedi (Semarang)<br /> *Soenarko (Malang) <br /> *Soerjonegoro (Madura) <br /> *Wediodiningrat (Madiun) <br /> }}<br /> <br /> Additional members appointed in 1943:<br /> *Asmo Asmodisastro (Besuki)<br /> *R. Soedirman (Surabaja)<br /> <br /> === Java Central Advisory Council Sessions ===<br /> <br /> ==== First Session (October 16–20, 1943) ====<br /> The session began with an expression of thanks from the Japanese for the willingness of the Indonesians to cooperate with the military regime. On October 17, Sukarno was appointed chairman while R.M.A.A. Koesoemo Oetojo and Boentaran Martoatmodjo were appointed vice-chairmen. All three were inaugurated by the head of the secretariat.{{sfn|Arniati |1982|pp=30, 47}}<br /> <br /> After this session, on November 10, a delegation from the Central Advisory Council comprising Sukarno, Hatta and Bagoes Hadikoesoemo left for Tokyo. They had been invited to Japan to thank the [[emperor|Hirohito]] for his generosity in giving the Indonesians the opportunity to work with the military administration. The delegation arrived on November 15. The following day the three men were decorated by the emperor. In a meeting with Japanese Prime minister [[Hideki Tojo|Tojo]], Sukarno asked for the ban on the [[flag of Indonesia|Indonesian flag]] and the [[Indonesia Raya|national anthem]] to be lifted and was told that the Japanese would consider these demands once they had won the war.{{sfn|Arniati |1982|pp=39-40}}{{sfn|Kahin|1952|pp=106-107}}<br /> <br /> ==== Second Session (January 30 - February 3, 1944) ====<br /> This session discussed the question from the Japanese military commander regarding practical ways the people of Java could organize their strength to be ready for victorious battle.{{sfn|Arniati |1982|p=57}}<br /> <br /> ==== Third Session (7 - 11 May 1944) ====<br /> The question for this session was how to raise the awareness of the people regarding their obligations as well as to strengthen friendly cooperation regardless of nationality, work or rank.{{sfn|Arniati |1982|p=64}}<br /> <br /> ==== Fourth Session (August 12–16, 1944) ====<br /> In July 1944, [[Saipan]] was [[Battle of Saipan|captured by the Allies]]. Sinkings of Japanese shipping led to shortages in Java and the military commander ordered the Central Advisory Council to meet to discuss the question of how to increase the workforce, defend the nation and increase production.{{sfn|Arniati |1982|pp=70-71}}<br /> <br /> ==== Fifth (Special) Session (September 11, 1944) ====<br /> In August 1944, the war situation worsened further for Japan, with the [[Solomon Islands campaign|loss of the Solomon Islands]] and the [[Marshall Islands]]. Prime Minister [[Hideki Tojo|Tojo]] resigned and was replaced by [[Kuniaki Koiso]]. On September 7, Koiso promised independence for the 'East Indies' &quot;later on&quot; (''di kemudian hari''). The next day, the Japanese military commander ordered special session of the Central Advisory Council to discus the question of how the Indonesian people could prove their gratitude to the Japanese government and how to awaken the enthusiasm of the people to destroy the United States and Britain.{{sfn|Elson|2009|p=108}}{{sfn|Arniati |1982|pp=77-79}}{{sfn|Kusuma|2004|p=79}}<br /> <br /> ==== Sixth Session (November 12–17, 1944) ====<br /> This session was attended by a large number of Japanese officials and civilians as well as journalists. The question under discussion was how to obtain real results in concentrating the strength of every person to wage war and what must be done to improve living standards as the war reaches a zenith.{{sfn|Arniati |1982|pp=82-83}}<br /> <br /> ==== Seventh Session (February 21–26, 1945) ====<br /> The war situation continued to worsen, as did the economic circumstances. Meanwhile, the Japanese took a slightly softer and Council members began to criticize the administration. The question discussed at this session was how to rapidly implement modernization of people's lives.{{sfn|Arniati |1982|pp=90-91}}<br /> <br /> ==== Eighth Session (June 18–21, 1945) ====<br /> On March 1, 1945, the establishment of the [[Investigating Committee for Preparatory Work for Independence]] (BPUPK) was announced by the Japanese to work on &quot;preparations for independence in the region of the government of this island of Java&quot;. The opening ceremony was held in the Central Advisory Council building on May 28. The first BPUPK plenary session was help from May 28 to June 1 to discuss the form of a future Indonesian state. On the final day, Sukarno made a speech in which he outlined the philosophical basis for the nation, the five principles subsequently known as [[Pancasila (politics)|Pancasila]].{{sfn|Kusuma|Elson|2011|p=196}}{{sfn|Anderson|1961|p=17}}{{sfn|Kahin|1952|pp=121-122}}<br /> <br /> Before the beginning of the final session of the Central Advisory Council, Vice-chairman M.A.A. Koesoemo Oetojo resigned because of his age. The members elected Hatta to replace him. In the session, delegates urged the Japanese administration to include more young people in the national leadership. The question put by the military commander concerned how to implement the endeavor to motivate every person to direct their energies and undergo training to strengthen their defenses and purify efforts towards the preparation of Indonesian independence as soon as possible.{{sfn|Arniati |1982|pp=102-103}}{{sfn|Anderson|1961|p=53}}<br /> <br /> ==Sumatra Central Advisory Council==<br /> {{Infobox government agency<br /> | agency_name = Central Advisory Council (Sumatra)<br /> | nativename_a = {{nihongo|中央参議院|Chūō Sangiin}}, Dewan Pertimbangan Pusat<br /> | formed = 25 March 1945 <br /> | dissolved = 2 July 1945<br /> | employees = 40<br /> | jurisdiction = [[Twenty-Fifth Army (Japan)|25th Army command]]<br /> | headquarters = [[Bukittinggi]]<br /> }}<br /> The commander of the [[Twenty-Fifth Army (Japan)|Japanese Twenty-Fifth Army]] Lt. Gen Hamada Hiromu, was much less enthusiastic about independence for Sumatra, the region under his authority, and was opposed to the idea of Sumatra being a part of any future indonesian state. Therefore, it was almost years after the establishment of the Java Central Advisory Council, when on March 25, 1945, before a similar body was announced for Sumatra, but it did not meet for the first time until the end of June. It had 40 members, 25 appointed by the Japanese and 15 chosen by the ten regional advisory councils. Mohammad Sjafei was appointed chairman. The vice-chairmen were Abdoel Abas and [[Teuku Nyak Arif]]. Like the Java body, this council also had a secretariat. This was headed by Sumatra journalist [[Djamaluddin Adinegoro]].{{sfn|Kusuma|2004|p=1}}{{sfn|Reid|1971|pp=27-28}}{{sfn|Ricklefs|2008|p=337}}{{sfn|Elson|2008|pp=104-105}}<br /> <br /> === Membership of Sumatra Central Advisory Council ===<br /> The membership was as follows:{{sfn|Reid|1971|pp=43-44}}<br /> <br /> ==== Appointed by the Japanese military administration of Sumatra ====<br /> {{columns-list|colwidth=20em|<br /> * A. Aziz (Tapanuli) <br /> * A.R. Sutan Mansur (West Sumatra) <br /> * Abdoel Katab (Jambi) <br /> * Baringek (West Sumatra) <br /> * [[Hamka]] (East Sumatra) <br /> * Hsu Hua Chang (East Sumatra) <br /> * Ibrahim (Palembang) <br /> * Indra Tjahaja (Bangkulu) <br /> * Makalam (Jambi) <br /> * Mohd. Djamil (West Sumatra) <br /> * Mohd. Hasbi (Aceh) <br /> * Mohd. Jasin (Bangkulu) <br /> * Mr. Abdul Abbas (Lampung) <br /> * Oen Lam Seng (Bangka Belitung) <br /> * Orang Kaja Mohd. Djamil (Mainland Riau) <br /> * Othman (East Sumatra) <br /> * R. Pirngadi (East Sumatra) <br /> * Radja Kaliamsjah Sinaga (East Sumatra) <br /> * Radja Saul Lumbantobing (Tapanuli) <br /> * Rahim Pasaman (Lampung) <br /> * Sjamsoeddin (Mainland Riau) <br /> * T. Tjut Hasan (Aceh) <br /> * T.P.P. Mohd. Ali (Aceh) <br /> * Tjik Mat (Palembang) <br /> * Tjik Wan (Palembang) <br /> }}<br /> <br /> ==== Elected by regional advisory councils ====<br /> {{columns-list|colwidth=20em|<br /> * [[Adnan Kapau Gani]] (Palembang)<br /> * Abdoel Manan (Jambi)<br /> * Abdoel Rozak (Palembang)<br /> * Abdoellah (Bangkulu)<br /> * Aminoedin (Mainland Riau)<br /> * Chatib Suleiman (West Sumatra)<br /> * Damrah (East Sumatra)<br /> * [[Djamaluddin Adinegoro]] (East Sumatra)<br /> * [[Ferdinand Lumban Tobing|Ferdinand Lumbantobing]] (Tapanuli)<br /> * Firman Rangkuti (Tapanuli)<br /> * M. A. Sjarif (Bangka Belitung)<br /> * Mohd. Baud Beureufehli (Aceh)<br /> * Mohd. Sjafei (West Sumatra)<br /> * [[Teuku Nyak Arif|Njak Arif]] (Aceh)<br /> * Radja Pagar Alam (Lampung)<br /> }}<br /> <br /> === Sumatra Central Advisory Council Session (June 27–July 2, 1945) ===<br /> The Sumatra Central Advisory Council met in [[Bukitinggi]] to discuss questions put to it by the Japanese military authorities. These concerned ways to strengthen the unity and resolve of the Sumatran people. It also passed a number of resolutions, including calling for the establishment of a Sumatran preparatory committee for independence and a 500,000-strong people's army. The Japanese subsequently announced a Sumatran [[Investigating Committee for Preparatory Work for Independence#Sumatra BPUPK|Investigating Committee for Preparatory Work for Independence]] chaired by Mohammad Sjafei.{{sfn|Reid|1971|pp=27-28}}{{sfn|Daradjadi|Osa Kurniawan Ilham|2020|pp=20-21}}<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[Investigating Committee for Preparatory Work for Independence|Investigating Committee for Preparatory Work for Independence (BPUPK)]]<br /> * [[Preparatory Committee for Indonesian Independence|Preparatory Committee for Indonesian Independence (PPKI)]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==Works cited==<br /> *{{Cite book|title=Some Aspects of Indonesian Politics under the Japanese occupation, 1944-1945|last=Anderson|first=Benedict|series=Cornell University. Dept. Of Far Eastern Studies. Modern Indonesia Project. Interim reports series - Cornell University. Modern Indonesia Project |author-link=Benedict Anderson|publisher=Cornell University|year=1961|isbn=|url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=coo.31924006545622&amp;view=1up&amp;seq=3|location=Ithaca, N.Y.|pages=}}<br /> * {{cite book |author = Arniati Prasedyawati Herkusumo | title = Chuo Sangi-in: Dewan Pertimbang Pusat Pada Masa Pendudukan Jepang|language = Indonesian |trans-title = Chuo Sangi-in: The Central Advisory Council during the Japanese Occupation | publisher =PT. Rosda Jayaputra |location = Jakarta, Indonesia| year = 1982 |ref = {{harvid|Arniati|1982}}}}<br /> * {{cite book | author1 = Daradjadi | author2 = Osa Kurniawan Ilham | title = Pejambon 1945: Konsensus Agung para Pelatak Fondasi Bangsa |language = id| trans-title = Pejambon 1845: The Great Consensus of the Nation's Founders| publisher = Kompas Gramedia | location = Jakarta |year = 2020 | isbn = 978-623-00-2017-9}}<br /> * {{cite book | last = Elson |first = R.E. | date = 2008 | title = The Idea of Indonesia: A History | publisher = Cambridge University Press | isbn = 978-0-521-87648-3}}<br /> * {{cite journal | last1 = Elson | first1 = R. E. | date = 2009 | title = Another Look at the Jakarta Charter Controversy of 1945 | url = https://ecommons.cornell.edu/bitstream/handle/1813/54483/INDO_88_0_1255982649_105_130.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y | journal = Indonesia | volume = 88 | issue = 88 | pages = 105–130}}<br /> * {{Cite book | last = Kahin | first = George McTurnan | author-link = George McTurnan Kahin | title = Nationalism and Revolution in Indonesia | publisher = Cornell University Press | year = 1952 | location = Ithaca, New York}}<br /> * {{cite book | last = Kusuma| first = A.B. | title = Lahirnya Undang-Undang Dasar 1945 : memuat salinan dokumen otentik badan oentoek menyelidiki oesaha2 persiapan kemerdekaan|language = Indonesian |trans-title = The Birth of the 1945 Constitution: including copies of the authentic documents of the Investigating Committee for Preparatory Work for Independence | publisher =Badan Penerbit Fakultas Hukum Universitas Indonesia |location = Depok, Indonesia| year = 2004 | isbn = 979-8972-28-7}}<br /> * {{Cite journal | last1 = Kusuma | first1 = A.B. | last2 = Elson | first2 = R.E. | title = A note on the sources for the 1945 constitutional debates in Indonesia | journal = Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde | volume = 167 | issue = 2–3 | pages = 196–209| year = 2011 | issn = 0006-2294 | doi = 10.1163/22134379-90003589| url = http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:273574/UQ273574_OA.pdf }}<br /> * {{Cite journal | last= Reid| first= Anthony| date=October 1971| title=The Birth of the Republic of Sumatra |journal=Indonesia|volume=12|issue=12|pages=21–46|doi=10.2307/3350656|jstor=3350656|url=https://ecommons.cornell.edu/bitstream/handle/1813/53522/INDO_12_0_1107125075_21_46.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y}}<br /> * {{Cite book | last = Ricklefs| first = M.C. | author-link = M. C. Ricklefs | title = A History of Modern Indonesia Since c.1300 | publisher = MacMillan |location = London| edition = 4th | year = 2008 | orig-year = 1981 | isbn = 978-0-230-54685-1}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:1943 in the Dutch East Indies]]<br /> [[Category:Indonesia in World War II]]<br /> [[Category:Indonesian collaborators with Imperial Japan]]<br /> [[Category:Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies]]</div> Xbypass https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Central_Advisory_Council&diff=1243124821 Central Advisory Council 2024-08-30T17:13:26Z <p>Xbypass: /* Java Central Advisory Council */</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Institutions used to run Java and Sumatra during Japanese occupation}}<br /> {{History of Indonesia}}<br /> The {{nihongo|'''Central Advisory Council'''|中央参議院|Chūō Sangiin|extra=[[Kunrei-shiki romanization|Kunrei-shiki]]: ''Tyuuoo Sangiin'', {{lang-id|Dewan Pertimbangan Pusat}}|lead=yes}} was the name given to bodies established by the Japanese military administration in Java and Sumatra in 1943 during the [[Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies]] to notionally provide Indonesians with popular representation.<br /> <br /> ==Background==<br /> {{Main|Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies}}<br /> In early 1942, the Japanese [[Dutch East Indies campaign|invaded the Dutch East Indies]], overrunning the archipelago in less than two months. The Dutch in Java surrendered on March 8. Initially, Indonesians welcomed the Japanese as liberators from the colonial regime.{{sfn|Ricklefs|2008|p=322}}{{sfn|Kahin|1952|pp=101-102}} The Japanese divided the countries into three regions: Sumatra was under the [[Twenty-Fifth Army (Japan)|25th Army]], Java and [[Madura]] under the [[Sixteenth Army (Japan)|16th Army]] and Borneo and eastern Indonesia were controlled by [[Imperial Japanese Navy]].{{sfn|Ricklefs|2008|p=325}} The Japanese came to realize that if they wanted to exploit the nation's resources, they would have to give something back to the people in return, especially given the repressive nature of the occupation regime. The administration therefore decided to work with prominent Indonesian nationalists, including [[Sukarno]] - who the Japanese freed from the exile imposed by the Dutch - and [[Mohammed Hatta]]. The Japanese promised self-government in the future, and established a nationalist organization called Centre of People's Power ({{Lang-id|Poesat Tenaga Rakyat}}, Poetra (old spelling) ''Pusat Tenaga Rakyat,'' Putra (current spelling), {{lang-ja|民衆総力結集運動|minshū sōryoku kesshū undō}}). The new body was headed by Sukarno, Hatta, [[Ki Hajar Dewantara]] and [[Mas Mansoer]]. The Japanese then appointed more advisers and on 15 September 1943, established the Central Advisory Council in Java, chaired by Sukarno. Sessions of the CAC were held in the same building that had been used by the ''Volksraad'' in Pejambon, central Jakarta. It is now known as the [[Pancasila Building]].{{sfn|Ricklefs|2008|pp=332-333}}{{sfn|Kahin|1952|pp=103-106}}<br /> <br /> ==Aims and role==<br /> The Central Advisory Council was even less powerful than the pre-war body set up by the Dutch, the [[Volksraad (Dutch East Indies)|''Volksraad'']], as it was not allowed to criticize the government. Its role was limited to answering questions asked of it by the military administration.{{sfn|Anderson|1961|p=10}} In the view of the Japanese, the council would encourage the people of Java and Madura to take responsibility for their lives in accordance with the wishes of the Japanese. The subjects it was allowed to discuss were:{{sfn|Arniati |1982|p=30}}<br /> * the development of the government<br /> * improvements to standards of living<br /> * education and information<br /> * industry and the economy<br /> * welfare and social assistance<br /> * health<br /> <br /> == Java Central Advisory Council ==<br /> {{Infobox government agency<br /> | agency_name = Central Advisory Council (Java)<br /> | nativename_a = {{nihongo|中央参議院|Chūō Sangiin}}, Dewan Pertimbangan Pusat<br /> | formed = 15 September 1943 <br /> | dissolved = 21 June 1945<br /> | employees = 57<br /> | jurisdiction = [[Sixteenth Army (Japan)|16th Army command]]<br /> | headquarters = [[Jakarta]]<br /> }}<br /> === Membership of Java Central Advisory Council ===<br /> Members were either appointed by the 16th Army commander (23 members) or elected by and from regional representative councils ({{lang-ja|州参議会|Shū Sangi-kai}}), 18 members from special municipality representative councils ({{lang-ja|特別市参議会|Tokubetsu-shi Sangi-kai}}) and 2 members from special region councils ({{Lang-ja|公地|translit=kōchi, kooti}}). Many of them had been members of nationalist organizations and/or the ''Volksraad''. Prominent members included [[Sukarno]], [[Mohammad Hatta|Hatta]], [[Ki Hajar Dewantara]], [[Mas Mansoer]] and [[Rajiman Wediodiningrat]]. The council also had a secretariat ({{lang-ja|事務局|jimukyoku, zimukyoku}}) comprising Javanese and Japanese members. The head as well as the two deputy heads were appointed directly by the head of the military administration. Following 7 September 1944 promise of future independence for the Dutch East Indies, 14 new members were appointed. The members were: {{sfn|Arniati |1982|pp=33-37, 115-121}}{{sfn|Kusuma|2004|p=77}}{{sfn|Anderson|1961|pp=10-11}}<br /> <br /> ==== Appointed by the Japanese military administration of Java ====<br /> {{columns-list|colwidth=20em|<br /> *[[Wahid Hasyim|Abdul Wahid Hasyim]]<br /> *[[Abikusno Tjokrosujoso]]<br /> *Ario Woerjaningrat<br /> *Bendoro P. Ario Soerjodiningrat<br /> *[[Gatot Mangkoepradja|Gatot Mangkupradja]]<br /> *[[Margono Djojohadikusumo|Margono Djojohadikoesoemo]]<br /> *Mohammad Djamin<br /> *[[Soeroso|Pandji Soeroso]]<br /> *Samsoedin<br /> *Soedjono<br /> *[[Sukarjo Wiryopranoto]]<br /> *Soemanang<br /> *[[Sukarno]]<br /> }}<br /> <br /> Additional members appointed in 1943:<br /> {{columns-list|colwidth=20em|<br /> *[[Abdurrahman Baswedan]]<br /> *[[Alexander Andries Maramis|Alexander A. Maramis]]<br /> *[[Johannes Latuharhary]]<br /> *Mas Goenari<br /> *[[Muhammad Yamin]]<br /> *Oekar Bratakoesoema<br /> *[[P. F. Dahler]]<br /> *Prawoto Soemodilogo<br /> *Roedjito<br /> *[[Wiwoho Purbohadidjojo|Wiwoho Poerbohadidjojo]]<br /> *[[Yap Tjwan Bing]]<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ==== Elected by regional advisory councils ====<br /> {{columns-list|colwidth=20em|<br /> *Adipati [[Sosrodiningrat V|Sosrodiningrat]] (Solo) <br /> *Bandoro P. Ario Poeroebojo (Jogjakarta)<br /> *Fatchoerrahman (Bodjonegoro) <br /> *Ibrahim Singadilaga (Djakarta) <br /> *M. A. Sofwan (Djakarta Raya) <br /> *M. Soetisna Sendjaja (Priangan) <br /> *Maas (Pekalongan) <br /> *Marzoeki Mahdi (Bogor) <br /> *Mas Aris (Pati) <br /> *Mohamad Toha (Tjirebon) <br /> *Poero Martodipoero (Kediri) <br /> *R. Z. Soeriakartalegawa (Banten) <br /> *Sardjito Kartomihardjo (Kedu) <br /> *Sardjono Danoedibroto (Banjumas)<br /> *Soejoedi (Semarang)<br /> *Soenarko (Malang) <br /> *Soerjonegoro (Madura) <br /> *Wediodiningrat (Madiun) <br /> }}<br /> <br /> Additional members appointed in 1943:<br /> *Asmo Asmodisastro (Besuki)<br /> *R. Soedirman (Surabaja)<br /> <br /> === Java Central Advisory Council Sessions ===<br /> <br /> ==== First Session (October 16–20, 1943) ====<br /> The session began with an expression of thanks from the Japanese for the willingness of the Indonesians to cooperate with the military regime. On October 17, Sukarno was appointed chairman while R.M.A.A. Koesoemo Oetojo and Boentaran Martoatmodjo were appointed vice-chairmen. All three were inaugurated by the head of the secretariat.{{sfn|Arniati |1982|pp=30, 47}}<br /> <br /> After this session, on November 10, a delegation from the Central Advisory Council comprising Sukarno, Hatta and Bagoes Hadikoesoemo left for Tokyo. They had been invited to Japan to thank the [[emperor|Hirohito]] for his generosity in giving the Indonesians the opportunity to work with the military administration. The delegation arrived on November 15. The following day the three men were decorated by the emperor. In a meeting with Japanese Prime minister [[Hideki Tojo|Tojo]], Sukarno asked for the ban on the [[flag of Indonesia|Indonesian flag]] and the [[Indonesia Raya|national anthem]] to be lifted and was told that the Japanese would consider these demands once they had won the war.{{sfn|Arniati |1982|pp=39-40}}{{sfn|Kahin|1952|pp=106-107}}<br /> <br /> ==== Second Session (January 30 - February 3, 1944) ====<br /> This session discussed the question from the Japanese military commander regarding practical ways the people of Java could organize their strength to be ready for victorious battle.{{sfn|Arniati |1982|p=57}}<br /> <br /> ==== Third Session (7 - 11 May 1944) ====<br /> The question for this session was how to raise the awareness of the people regarding their obligations as well as to strengthen friendly cooperation regardless of nationality, work or rank.{{sfn|Arniati |1982|p=64}}<br /> <br /> ==== Fourth Session (August 12–16, 1944) ====<br /> In July 1944, [[Saipan]] was [[Battle of Saipan|captured by the Allies]]. Sinkings of Japanese shipping led to shortages in Java and the military commander ordered the Central Advisory Council to meet to discuss the question of how to increase the workforce, defend the nation and increase production.{{sfn|Arniati |1982|pp=70-71}}<br /> <br /> ==== Fifth (Special) Session (September 11, 1944) ====<br /> In August 1944, the war situation worsened further for Japan, with the [[Solomon Islands campaign|loss of the Solomon Islands]] and the [[Marshall Islands]]. Prime Minister [[Hideki Tojo|Tojo]] resigned and was replaced by [[Kuniaki Koiso]]. On September 7, Koiso promised independence for the 'East Indies' &quot;later on&quot; (''di kemudian hari''). The next day, the Japanese military commander ordered special session of the Central Advisory Council to discus the question of how the Indonesian people could prove their gratitude to the Japanese government and how to awaken the enthusiasm of the people to destroy the United States and Britain.{{sfn|Elson|2009|p=108}}{{sfn|Arniati |1982|pp=77-79}}{{sfn|Kusuma|2004|p=79}}<br /> <br /> ==== Sixth Session (November 12–17, 1944) ====<br /> This session was attended by a large number of Japanese officials and civilians as well as journalists. The question under discussion was how to obtain real results in concentrating the strength of every person to wage war and what must be done to improve living standards as the war reaches a zenith.{{sfn|Arniati |1982|pp=82-83}}<br /> <br /> ==== Seventh Session (February 21–26, 1945) ====<br /> The war situation continued to worsen, as did the economic circumstances. Meanwhile, the Japanese took a slightly softer and Council members began to criticize the administration. The question discussed at this session was how to rapidly implement modernization of people's lives.{{sfn|Arniati |1982|pp=90-91}}<br /> <br /> ==== Eighth Session (June 18–21, 1945) ====<br /> On March 1, 1945, the establishment of the [[Investigating Committee for Preparatory Work for Independence]] (BPUPK) was announced by the Japanese to work on &quot;preparations for independence in the region of the government of this island of Java&quot;. The opening ceremony was held in the Central Advisory Council building on May 28. The first BPUPK plenary session was help from May 28 to June 1 to discuss the form of a future Indonesian state. On the final day, Sukarno made a speech in which he outlined the philosophical basis for the nation, the five principles subsequently known as [[Pancasila (politics)|Pancasila]].{{sfn|Kusuma|Elson|2011|p=196}}{{sfn|Anderson|1961|p=17}}{{sfn|Kahin|1952|pp=121-122}}<br /> <br /> Before the beginning of the final session of the Central Advisory Council, Vice-chairman M.A.A. Koesoemo Oetojo resigned because of his age. The members elected Hatta to replace him. In the session, delegates urged the Japanese administration to include more young people in the national leadership. The question put by the military commander concerned how to implement the endeavor to motivate every person to direct their energies and undergo training to strengthen their defenses and purify efforts towards the preparation of Indonesian independence as soon as possible.{{sfn|Arniati |1982|pp=102-103}}{{sfn|Anderson|1961|p=53}}<br /> <br /> ==Sumatra Central Advisory Council==<br /> {{Infobox government agency<br /> | agency_name = Central Advisory Council (Sumatra)<br /> | nativename_a = {{nihongo|中央参議院|Chūō Sangiin}}, Dewan Pertimbangan Pusat<br /> | formed = 25 March 1945 <br /> | dissolved = 2 July 1945<br /> | employees = 40<br /> | jurisdiction = [[Twenty-Fifth Army (Japan)|25th Army command]]<br /> | headquarters = [[Bukittinggi]]<br /> }}<br /> The commander of the [[Twenty-Fifth Army (Japan)|Japanese Twenty-Fifth Army]] Lt. Gen Hamada Hiromu, was much less enthusiastic about independence for Sumatra, the region under his authority, and was opposed to the idea of Sumatra being a part of any future indonesian state. Therefore, it was almost years after the establishment of the Java Central Advisory Council, when on March 25, 1945, before a similar body was announced for Sumatra, but it did not meet for the first time until the end of June. It had 40 members, 25 appointed by the Japanese and 15 chosen by the ten regional advisory councils. Mohammad Sjafei was appointed chairman. The vice-chairmen were Abdoel Abas and [[Teuku Nyak Arif]]. Like the Java body, this council also had a secretariat. This was headed by Sumatra journalist [[Djamaluddin Adinegoro]].{{sfn|Kusuma|2004|p=1}}{{sfn|Reid|1971|pp=27-28}}{{sfn|Ricklefs|2008|p=337}}{{sfn|Elson|2008|pp=104-105}}<br /> <br /> === Membership of Sumatra Central Advisory Council ===<br /> The membership was as follows:{{sfn|Reid|1971|pp=43-44}}<br /> <br /> ==== Appointed by the Japanese military administration of Sumatra ====<br /> {{columns-list|colwidth=20em|<br /> * A. Aziz (Tapanuli) <br /> * A.R. Sutan Mansur (West Sumatra) <br /> * Abdoel Katab (Jambi) <br /> * Baringek (West Sumatra) <br /> * [[Hamka]] (East Sumatra) <br /> * Hsu Hua Chang (East Sumatra) <br /> * Ibrahim (Palembang) <br /> * Indra Tjahaja (Bangkulu) <br /> * Makalam (Jambi) <br /> * Mohd. Djamil (West Sumatra) <br /> * Mohd. Hasbi (Aceh) <br /> * Mohd. Jasin (Bangkulu) <br /> * Mr. Abdul Abbas (Lampung) <br /> * Oen Lam Seng (Bangka Belitung) <br /> * Orang Kaja Mohd. Djamil (Mainland Riau) <br /> * Othman (East Sumatra) <br /> * R. Pirngadi (East Sumatra) <br /> * Radja Kaliamsjah Sinaga (East Sumatra) <br /> * Radja Saul Lumbantobing (Tapanuli) <br /> * Rahim Pasaman (Lampung) <br /> * Sjamsoeddin (Mainland Riau) <br /> * T. Tjut Hasan (Aceh) <br /> * T.P.P. Mohd. Ali (Aceh) <br /> * Tjik Mat (Palembang) <br /> * Tjik Wan (Palembang) <br /> }}<br /> <br /> ==== Elected by regional advisory councils ====<br /> {{columns-list|colwidth=20em|<br /> * [[Adnan Kapau Gani]] (Palembang)<br /> * Abdoel Manan (Jambi)<br /> * Abdoel Rozak (Palembang)<br /> * Abdoellah (Bangkulu)<br /> * Aminoedin (Mainland Riau)<br /> * Chatib Suleiman (West Sumatra)<br /> * Damrah (East Sumatra)<br /> * [[Djamaluddin Adinegoro]] (East Sumatra)<br /> * [[Ferdinand Lumban Tobing|Ferdinand Lumbantobing]] (Tapanuli)<br /> * Firman Rangkuti (Tapanuli)<br /> * M. A. Sjarif (Bangka Belitung)<br /> * Mohd. Baud Beureufehli (Aceh)<br /> * Mohd. Sjafei (West Sumatra)<br /> * [[Teuku Nyak Arif|Njak Arif]] (Aceh)<br /> * Radja Pagar Alam (Lampung)<br /> }}<br /> <br /> === Sumatra Central Advisory Council Session (June 27–July 2, 1945) ===<br /> The Sumatra Central Advisory Council met in [[Bukitinggi]] to discuss questions put to it by the Japanese military authorities. These concerned ways to strengthen the unity and resolve of the Sumatran people. It also passed a number of resolutions, including calling for the establishment of a Sumatran preparatory committee for independence and a 500,000-strong people's army. The Japanese subsequently announced a Sumatran [[Investigating Committee for Preparatory Work for Independence#Sumatra BPUPK|Investigating Committee for Preparatory Work for Independence]] chaired by Mohammad Sjafei.{{sfn|Reid|1971|pp=27-28}}{{sfn|Daradjadi|Osa Kurniawan Ilham|2020|pp=20-21}}<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[Investigating Committee for Preparatory Work for Independence|Investigating Committee for Preparatory Work for Independence (BPUPK)]]<br /> * [[Preparatory Committee for Indonesian Independence|Preparatory Committee for Indonesian Independence (PPKI)]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==Works cited==<br /> *{{Cite book|title=Some Aspects of Indonesian Politics under the Japanese occupation, 1944-1945|last=Anderson|first=Benedict|series=Cornell University. Dept. Of Far Eastern Studies. Modern Indonesia Project. Interim reports series - Cornell University. Modern Indonesia Project |author-link=Benedict Anderson|publisher=Cornell University|year=1961|isbn=|url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=coo.31924006545622&amp;view=1up&amp;seq=3|location=Ithaca, N.Y.|pages=}}<br /> * {{cite book |author = Arniati Prasedyawati Herkusumo | title = Chuo Sangi-in: Dewan Pertimbang Pusat Pada Masa Pendudukan Jepang|language = Indonesian |trans-title = Chuo Sangi-in: The Central Advisory Council during the Japanese Occupation | publisher =PT. Rosda Jayaputra |location = Jakarta, Indonesia| year = 1982 |ref = {{harvid|Arniati|1982}}}}<br /> * {{cite book | author1 = Daradjadi | author2 = Osa Kurniawan Ilham | title = Pejambon 1945: Konsensus Agung para Pelatak Fondasi Bangsa |language = id| trans-title = Pejambon 1845: The Great Consensus of the Nation's Founders| publisher = Kompas Gramedia | location = Jakarta |year = 2020 | isbn = 978-623-00-2017-9}}<br /> * {{cite book | last = Elson |first = R.E. | date = 2008 | title = The Idea of Indonesia: A History | publisher = Cambridge University Press | isbn = 978-0-521-87648-3}}<br /> * {{cite journal | last1 = Elson | first1 = R. E. | date = 2009 | title = Another Look at the Jakarta Charter Controversy of 1945 | url = https://ecommons.cornell.edu/bitstream/handle/1813/54483/INDO_88_0_1255982649_105_130.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y | journal = Indonesia | volume = 88 | issue = 88 | pages = 105–130}}<br /> * {{Cite book | last = Kahin | first = George McTurnan | author-link = George McTurnan Kahin | title = Nationalism and Revolution in Indonesia | publisher = Cornell University Press | year = 1952 | location = Ithaca, New York}}<br /> * {{cite book | last = Kusuma| first = A.B. | title = Lahirnya Undang-Undang Dasar 1945 : memuat salinan dokumen otentik badan oentoek menyelidiki oesaha2 persiapan kemerdekaan|language = Indonesian |trans-title = The Birth of the 1945 Constitution: including copies of the authentic documents of the Investigating Committee for Preparatory Work for Independence | publisher =Badan Penerbit Fakultas Hukum Universitas Indonesia |location = Depok, Indonesia| year = 2004 | isbn = 979-8972-28-7}}<br /> * {{Cite journal | last1 = Kusuma | first1 = A.B. | last2 = Elson | first2 = R.E. | title = A note on the sources for the 1945 constitutional debates in Indonesia | journal = Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde | volume = 167 | issue = 2–3 | pages = 196–209| year = 2011 | issn = 0006-2294 | doi = 10.1163/22134379-90003589| url = http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:273574/UQ273574_OA.pdf }}<br /> * {{Cite journal | last= Reid| first= Anthony| date=October 1971| title=The Birth of the Republic of Sumatra |journal=Indonesia|volume=12|issue=12|pages=21–46|doi=10.2307/3350656|jstor=3350656|url=https://ecommons.cornell.edu/bitstream/handle/1813/53522/INDO_12_0_1107125075_21_46.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y}}<br /> * {{Cite book | last = Ricklefs| first = M.C. | author-link = M. C. Ricklefs | title = A History of Modern Indonesia Since c.1300 | publisher = MacMillan |location = London| edition = 4th | year = 2008 | orig-year = 1981 | isbn = 978-0-230-54685-1}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:1943 in the Dutch East Indies]]<br /> [[Category:Indonesia in World War II]]<br /> [[Category:Indonesian collaborators with Imperial Japan]]<br /> [[Category:Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies]]</div> Xbypass https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Central_Advisory_Council&diff=1243124528 Central Advisory Council 2024-08-30T17:11:00Z <p>Xbypass: /* Background */</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Institutions used to run Java and Sumatra during Japanese occupation}}<br /> {{History of Indonesia}}<br /> The {{nihongo|'''Central Advisory Council'''|中央参議院|Chūō Sangiin|extra=[[Kunrei-shiki romanization|Kunrei-shiki]]: ''Tyuuoo Sangiin'', {{lang-id|Dewan Pertimbangan Pusat}}|lead=yes}} was the name given to bodies established by the Japanese military administration in Java and Sumatra in 1943 during the [[Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies]] to notionally provide Indonesians with popular representation.<br /> <br /> ==Background==<br /> {{Main|Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies}}<br /> In early 1942, the Japanese [[Dutch East Indies campaign|invaded the Dutch East Indies]], overrunning the archipelago in less than two months. The Dutch in Java surrendered on March 8. Initially, Indonesians welcomed the Japanese as liberators from the colonial regime.{{sfn|Ricklefs|2008|p=322}}{{sfn|Kahin|1952|pp=101-102}} The Japanese divided the countries into three regions: Sumatra was under the [[Twenty-Fifth Army (Japan)|25th Army]], Java and [[Madura]] under the [[Sixteenth Army (Japan)|16th Army]] and Borneo and eastern Indonesia were controlled by [[Imperial Japanese Navy]].{{sfn|Ricklefs|2008|p=325}} The Japanese came to realize that if they wanted to exploit the nation's resources, they would have to give something back to the people in return, especially given the repressive nature of the occupation regime. The administration therefore decided to work with prominent Indonesian nationalists, including [[Sukarno]] - who the Japanese freed from the exile imposed by the Dutch - and [[Mohammed Hatta]]. The Japanese promised self-government in the future, and established a nationalist organization called Centre of People's Power ({{Lang-id|Poesat Tenaga Rakyat}}, Poetra (old spelling) ''Pusat Tenaga Rakyat,'' Putra (current spelling), {{lang-ja|民衆総力結集運動|minshū sōryoku kesshū undō}}). The new body was headed by Sukarno, Hatta, [[Ki Hajar Dewantara]] and [[Mas Mansoer]]. The Japanese then appointed more advisers and on 15 September 1943, established the Central Advisory Council in Java, chaired by Sukarno. Sessions of the CAC were held in the same building that had been used by the ''Volksraad'' in Pejambon, central Jakarta. It is now known as the [[Pancasila Building]].{{sfn|Ricklefs|2008|pp=332-333}}{{sfn|Kahin|1952|pp=103-106}}<br /> <br /> ==Aims and role==<br /> The Central Advisory Council was even less powerful than the pre-war body set up by the Dutch, the [[Volksraad (Dutch East Indies)|''Volksraad'']], as it was not allowed to criticize the government. Its role was limited to answering questions asked of it by the military administration.{{sfn|Anderson|1961|p=10}} In the view of the Japanese, the council would encourage the people of Java and Madura to take responsibility for their lives in accordance with the wishes of the Japanese. The subjects it was allowed to discuss were:{{sfn|Arniati |1982|p=30}}<br /> * the development of the government<br /> * improvements to standards of living<br /> * education and information<br /> * industry and the economy<br /> * welfare and social assistance<br /> * health<br /> <br /> == Java Central Advisory Council ==<br /> {{Infobox government agency<br /> | agency_name = Central Advisory Council (Java)<br /> | nativename_a = {{nihongo|中央参議院|Chūō Sangiin}}, Dewan Pertimbangan Pusat<br /> | formed = 15 September 1943 <br /> | dissolved = 21 June 1945<br /> | employees = 57<br /> | jurisdiction = [[Sixteenth Army (Japan)|16th Army command]]<br /> | headquarters = [[Jakarta]]<br /> }}<br /> === Membership of Java Central Advisory Council ===<br /> Members were either appointed by the 16th Army commander (23 members) or elected by and from regional representative councils ({{lang-ja|州参議会|Shū Sangi-kai}}), 18 members from special municipality representative councils ({{lang-ja|特別市参議会|Tokubetsu-shi Sangi-kai}}) and 2 members from special region councils (''Kōchi''- 2 members). Many of them had been members of nationalist organizations and/or the ''Volksraad''. Prominent members included [[Sukarno]], [[Mohammad Hatta|Hatta]], [[Ki Hajar Dewantara]], [[Mas Mansoer]] and [[Rajiman Wediodiningrat]]. The council also had a secretariat ({{lang-ja|事務局|jimukyoku, zimukyoku}}) comprising Javanese and Japanese members. The head as well as the two deputy heads were appointed directly by the head of the military administration. Following 7 September 1944 promise of future independence for the Dutch East Indies, 14 new members were appointed. The members were: {{sfn|Arniati |1982|pp=33-37, 115-121}}{{sfn|Kusuma|2004|p=77}}{{sfn|Anderson|1961|pp=10-11}}<br /> <br /> ==== Appointed by the Japanese military administration of Java ====<br /> {{columns-list|colwidth=20em|<br /> *[[Wahid Hasyim|Abdul Wahid Hasyim]]<br /> *[[Abikusno Tjokrosujoso]]<br /> *Ario Woerjaningrat<br /> *Bendoro P. Ario Soerjodiningrat<br /> *[[Gatot Mangkoepradja|Gatot Mangkupradja]]<br /> *[[Margono Djojohadikusumo|Margono Djojohadikoesoemo]]<br /> *Mohammad Djamin<br /> *[[Soeroso|Pandji Soeroso]]<br /> *Samsoedin<br /> *Soedjono<br /> *[[Sukarjo Wiryopranoto]]<br /> *Soemanang<br /> *[[Sukarno]]<br /> }}<br /> <br /> Additional members appointed in 1943:<br /> {{columns-list|colwidth=20em|<br /> *[[Abdurrahman Baswedan]]<br /> *[[Alexander Andries Maramis|Alexander A. Maramis]]<br /> *[[Johannes Latuharhary]]<br /> *Mas Goenari<br /> *[[Muhammad Yamin]]<br /> *Oekar Bratakoesoema<br /> *[[P. F. Dahler]]<br /> *Prawoto Soemodilogo<br /> *Roedjito<br /> *[[Wiwoho Purbohadidjojo|Wiwoho Poerbohadidjojo]]<br /> *[[Yap Tjwan Bing]]<br /> }}<br /> <br /> ==== Elected by regional advisory councils ====<br /> {{columns-list|colwidth=20em|<br /> *Adipati [[Sosrodiningrat V|Sosrodiningrat]] (Solo) <br /> *Bandoro P. Ario Poeroebojo (Jogjakarta)<br /> *Fatchoerrahman (Bodjonegoro) <br /> *Ibrahim Singadilaga (Djakarta) <br /> *M. A. Sofwan (Djakarta Raya) <br /> *M. Soetisna Sendjaja (Priangan) <br /> *Maas (Pekalongan) <br /> *Marzoeki Mahdi (Bogor) <br /> *Mas Aris (Pati) <br /> *Mohamad Toha (Tjirebon) <br /> *Poero Martodipoero (Kediri) <br /> *R. Z. Soeriakartalegawa (Banten) <br /> *Sardjito Kartomihardjo (Kedu) <br /> *Sardjono Danoedibroto (Banjumas)<br /> *Soejoedi (Semarang)<br /> *Soenarko (Malang) <br /> *Soerjonegoro (Madura) <br /> *Wediodiningrat (Madiun) <br /> }}<br /> <br /> Additional members appointed in 1943:<br /> *Asmo Asmodisastro (Besuki)<br /> *R. Soedirman (Surabaja)<br /> <br /> === Java Central Advisory Council Sessions ===<br /> <br /> ==== First Session (October 16–20, 1943) ====<br /> The session began with an expression of thanks from the Japanese for the willingness of the Indonesians to cooperate with the military regime. On October 17, Sukarno was appointed chairman while R.M.A.A. Koesoemo Oetojo and Boentaran Martoatmodjo were appointed vice-chairmen. All three were inaugurated by the head of the secretariat.{{sfn|Arniati |1982|pp=30, 47}}<br /> <br /> After this session, on November 10, a delegation from the Central Advisory Council comprising Sukarno, Hatta and Bagoes Hadikoesoemo left for Tokyo. They had been invited to Japan to thank the [[emperor|Hirohito]] for his generosity in giving the Indonesians the opportunity to work with the military administration. The delegation arrived on November 15. The following day the three men were decorated by the emperor. In a meeting with Japanese Prime minister [[Hideki Tojo|Tojo]], Sukarno asked for the ban on the [[flag of Indonesia|Indonesian flag]] and the [[Indonesia Raya|national anthem]] to be lifted and was told that the Japanese would consider these demands once they had won the war.{{sfn|Arniati |1982|pp=39-40}}{{sfn|Kahin|1952|pp=106-107}}<br /> <br /> ==== Second Session (January 30 - February 3, 1944) ====<br /> This session discussed the question from the Japanese military commander regarding practical ways the people of Java could organize their strength to be ready for victorious battle.{{sfn|Arniati |1982|p=57}}<br /> <br /> ==== Third Session (7 - 11 May 1944) ====<br /> The question for this session was how to raise the awareness of the people regarding their obligations as well as to strengthen friendly cooperation regardless of nationality, work or rank.{{sfn|Arniati |1982|p=64}}<br /> <br /> ==== Fourth Session (August 12–16, 1944) ====<br /> In July 1944, [[Saipan]] was [[Battle of Saipan|captured by the Allies]]. Sinkings of Japanese shipping led to shortages in Java and the military commander ordered the Central Advisory Council to meet to discuss the question of how to increase the workforce, defend the nation and increase production.{{sfn|Arniati |1982|pp=70-71}}<br /> <br /> ==== Fifth (Special) Session (September 11, 1944) ====<br /> In August 1944, the war situation worsened further for Japan, with the [[Solomon Islands campaign|loss of the Solomon Islands]] and the [[Marshall Islands]]. Prime Minister [[Hideki Tojo|Tojo]] resigned and was replaced by [[Kuniaki Koiso]]. On September 7, Koiso promised independence for the 'East Indies' &quot;later on&quot; (''di kemudian hari''). The next day, the Japanese military commander ordered special session of the Central Advisory Council to discus the question of how the Indonesian people could prove their gratitude to the Japanese government and how to awaken the enthusiasm of the people to destroy the United States and Britain.{{sfn|Elson|2009|p=108}}{{sfn|Arniati |1982|pp=77-79}}{{sfn|Kusuma|2004|p=79}}<br /> <br /> ==== Sixth Session (November 12–17, 1944) ====<br /> This session was attended by a large number of Japanese officials and civilians as well as journalists. The question under discussion was how to obtain real results in concentrating the strength of every person to wage war and what must be done to improve living standards as the war reaches a zenith.{{sfn|Arniati |1982|pp=82-83}}<br /> <br /> ==== Seventh Session (February 21–26, 1945) ====<br /> The war situation continued to worsen, as did the economic circumstances. Meanwhile, the Japanese took a slightly softer and Council members began to criticize the administration. The question discussed at this session was how to rapidly implement modernization of people's lives.{{sfn|Arniati |1982|pp=90-91}}<br /> <br /> ==== Eighth Session (June 18–21, 1945) ====<br /> On March 1, 1945, the establishment of the [[Investigating Committee for Preparatory Work for Independence]] (BPUPK) was announced by the Japanese to work on &quot;preparations for independence in the region of the government of this island of Java&quot;. The opening ceremony was held in the Central Advisory Council building on May 28. The first BPUPK plenary session was help from May 28 to June 1 to discuss the form of a future Indonesian state. On the final day, Sukarno made a speech in which he outlined the philosophical basis for the nation, the five principles subsequently known as [[Pancasila (politics)|Pancasila]].{{sfn|Kusuma|Elson|2011|p=196}}{{sfn|Anderson|1961|p=17}}{{sfn|Kahin|1952|pp=121-122}}<br /> <br /> Before the beginning of the final session of the Central Advisory Council, Vice-chairman M.A.A. Koesoemo Oetojo resigned because of his age. The members elected Hatta to replace him. In the session, delegates urged the Japanese administration to include more young people in the national leadership. The question put by the military commander concerned how to implement the endeavor to motivate every person to direct their energies and undergo training to strengthen their defenses and purify efforts towards the preparation of Indonesian independence as soon as possible.{{sfn|Arniati |1982|pp=102-103}}{{sfn|Anderson|1961|p=53}}<br /> <br /> ==Sumatra Central Advisory Council==<br /> {{Infobox government agency<br /> | agency_name = Central Advisory Council (Sumatra)<br /> | nativename_a = {{nihongo|中央参議院|Chūō Sangiin}}, Dewan Pertimbangan Pusat<br /> | formed = 25 March 1945 <br /> | dissolved = 2 July 1945<br /> | employees = 40<br /> | jurisdiction = [[Twenty-Fifth Army (Japan)|25th Army command]]<br /> | headquarters = [[Bukittinggi]]<br /> }}<br /> The commander of the [[Twenty-Fifth Army (Japan)|Japanese Twenty-Fifth Army]] Lt. Gen Hamada Hiromu, was much less enthusiastic about independence for Sumatra, the region under his authority, and was opposed to the idea of Sumatra being a part of any future indonesian state. Therefore, it was almost years after the establishment of the Java Central Advisory Council, when on March 25, 1945, before a similar body was announced for Sumatra, but it did not meet for the first time until the end of June. It had 40 members, 25 appointed by the Japanese and 15 chosen by the ten regional advisory councils. Mohammad Sjafei was appointed chairman. The vice-chairmen were Abdoel Abas and [[Teuku Nyak Arif]]. Like the Java body, this council also had a secretariat. This was headed by Sumatra journalist [[Djamaluddin Adinegoro]].{{sfn|Kusuma|2004|p=1}}{{sfn|Reid|1971|pp=27-28}}{{sfn|Ricklefs|2008|p=337}}{{sfn|Elson|2008|pp=104-105}}<br /> <br /> === Membership of Sumatra Central Advisory Council ===<br /> The membership was as follows:{{sfn|Reid|1971|pp=43-44}}<br /> <br /> ==== Appointed by the Japanese military administration of Sumatra ====<br /> {{columns-list|colwidth=20em|<br /> * A. Aziz (Tapanuli) <br /> * A.R. Sutan Mansur (West Sumatra) <br /> * Abdoel Katab (Jambi) <br /> * Baringek (West Sumatra) <br /> * [[Hamka]] (East Sumatra) <br /> * Hsu Hua Chang (East Sumatra) <br /> * Ibrahim (Palembang) <br /> * Indra Tjahaja (Bangkulu) <br /> * Makalam (Jambi) <br /> * Mohd. Djamil (West Sumatra) <br /> * Mohd. Hasbi (Aceh) <br /> * Mohd. Jasin (Bangkulu) <br /> * Mr. Abdul Abbas (Lampung) <br /> * Oen Lam Seng (Bangka Belitung) <br /> * Orang Kaja Mohd. Djamil (Mainland Riau) <br /> * Othman (East Sumatra) <br /> * R. Pirngadi (East Sumatra) <br /> * Radja Kaliamsjah Sinaga (East Sumatra) <br /> * Radja Saul Lumbantobing (Tapanuli) <br /> * Rahim Pasaman (Lampung) <br /> * Sjamsoeddin (Mainland Riau) <br /> * T. Tjut Hasan (Aceh) <br /> * T.P.P. Mohd. Ali (Aceh) <br /> * Tjik Mat (Palembang) <br /> * Tjik Wan (Palembang) <br /> }}<br /> <br /> ==== Elected by regional advisory councils ====<br /> {{columns-list|colwidth=20em|<br /> * [[Adnan Kapau Gani]] (Palembang)<br /> * Abdoel Manan (Jambi)<br /> * Abdoel Rozak (Palembang)<br /> * Abdoellah (Bangkulu)<br /> * Aminoedin (Mainland Riau)<br /> * Chatib Suleiman (West Sumatra)<br /> * Damrah (East Sumatra)<br /> * [[Djamaluddin Adinegoro]] (East Sumatra)<br /> * [[Ferdinand Lumban Tobing|Ferdinand Lumbantobing]] (Tapanuli)<br /> * Firman Rangkuti (Tapanuli)<br /> * M. A. Sjarif (Bangka Belitung)<br /> * Mohd. Baud Beureufehli (Aceh)<br /> * Mohd. Sjafei (West Sumatra)<br /> * [[Teuku Nyak Arif|Njak Arif]] (Aceh)<br /> * Radja Pagar Alam (Lampung)<br /> }}<br /> <br /> === Sumatra Central Advisory Council Session (June 27–July 2, 1945) ===<br /> The Sumatra Central Advisory Council met in [[Bukitinggi]] to discuss questions put to it by the Japanese military authorities. These concerned ways to strengthen the unity and resolve of the Sumatran people. It also passed a number of resolutions, including calling for the establishment of a Sumatran preparatory committee for independence and a 500,000-strong people's army. The Japanese subsequently announced a Sumatran [[Investigating Committee for Preparatory Work for Independence#Sumatra BPUPK|Investigating Committee for Preparatory Work for Independence]] chaired by Mohammad Sjafei.{{sfn|Reid|1971|pp=27-28}}{{sfn|Daradjadi|Osa Kurniawan Ilham|2020|pp=20-21}}<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[Investigating Committee for Preparatory Work for Independence|Investigating Committee for Preparatory Work for Independence (BPUPK)]]<br /> * [[Preparatory Committee for Indonesian Independence|Preparatory Committee for Indonesian Independence (PPKI)]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==Works cited==<br /> *{{Cite book|title=Some Aspects of Indonesian Politics under the Japanese occupation, 1944-1945|last=Anderson|first=Benedict|series=Cornell University. Dept. Of Far Eastern Studies. Modern Indonesia Project. Interim reports series - Cornell University. Modern Indonesia Project |author-link=Benedict Anderson|publisher=Cornell University|year=1961|isbn=|url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=coo.31924006545622&amp;view=1up&amp;seq=3|location=Ithaca, N.Y.|pages=}}<br /> * {{cite book |author = Arniati Prasedyawati Herkusumo | title = Chuo Sangi-in: Dewan Pertimbang Pusat Pada Masa Pendudukan Jepang|language = Indonesian |trans-title = Chuo Sangi-in: The Central Advisory Council during the Japanese Occupation | publisher =PT. Rosda Jayaputra |location = Jakarta, Indonesia| year = 1982 |ref = {{harvid|Arniati|1982}}}}<br /> * {{cite book | author1 = Daradjadi | author2 = Osa Kurniawan Ilham | title = Pejambon 1945: Konsensus Agung para Pelatak Fondasi Bangsa |language = id| trans-title = Pejambon 1845: The Great Consensus of the Nation's Founders| publisher = Kompas Gramedia | location = Jakarta |year = 2020 | isbn = 978-623-00-2017-9}}<br /> * {{cite book | last = Elson |first = R.E. | date = 2008 | title = The Idea of Indonesia: A History | publisher = Cambridge University Press | isbn = 978-0-521-87648-3}}<br /> * {{cite journal | last1 = Elson | first1 = R. E. | date = 2009 | title = Another Look at the Jakarta Charter Controversy of 1945 | url = https://ecommons.cornell.edu/bitstream/handle/1813/54483/INDO_88_0_1255982649_105_130.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y | journal = Indonesia | volume = 88 | issue = 88 | pages = 105–130}}<br /> * {{Cite book | last = Kahin | first = George McTurnan | author-link = George McTurnan Kahin | title = Nationalism and Revolution in Indonesia | publisher = Cornell University Press | year = 1952 | location = Ithaca, New York}}<br /> * {{cite book | last = Kusuma| first = A.B. | title = Lahirnya Undang-Undang Dasar 1945 : memuat salinan dokumen otentik badan oentoek menyelidiki oesaha2 persiapan kemerdekaan|language = Indonesian |trans-title = The Birth of the 1945 Constitution: including copies of the authentic documents of the Investigating Committee for Preparatory Work for Independence | publisher =Badan Penerbit Fakultas Hukum Universitas Indonesia |location = Depok, Indonesia| year = 2004 | isbn = 979-8972-28-7}}<br /> * {{Cite journal | last1 = Kusuma | first1 = A.B. | last2 = Elson | first2 = R.E. | title = A note on the sources for the 1945 constitutional debates in Indonesia | journal = Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde | volume = 167 | issue = 2–3 | pages = 196–209| year = 2011 | issn = 0006-2294 | doi = 10.1163/22134379-90003589| url = http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:273574/UQ273574_OA.pdf }}<br /> * {{Cite journal | last= Reid| first= Anthony| date=October 1971| title=The Birth of the Republic of Sumatra |journal=Indonesia|volume=12|issue=12|pages=21–46|doi=10.2307/3350656|jstor=3350656|url=https://ecommons.cornell.edu/bitstream/handle/1813/53522/INDO_12_0_1107125075_21_46.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y}}<br /> * {{Cite book | last = Ricklefs| first = M.C. | author-link = M. C. Ricklefs | title = A History of Modern Indonesia Since c.1300 | publisher = MacMillan |location = London| edition = 4th | year = 2008 | orig-year = 1981 | isbn = 978-0-230-54685-1}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:1943 in the Dutch East Indies]]<br /> [[Category:Indonesia in World War II]]<br /> [[Category:Indonesian collaborators with Imperial Japan]]<br /> [[Category:Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies]]</div> Xbypass https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Investigating_Committee_for_Preparatory_Work_for_Independence&diff=1243124122 Investigating Committee for Preparatory Work for Independence 2024-08-30T17:07:36Z <p>Xbypass: /* Composition */</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Japanese sponsored organization in Indonesia}}<br /> {{History of Indonesia}}<br /> The '''Investigating Committee for Preparatory Work for Independence''' ({{lang-id|Badan Penyelidik Usaha-usaha Persiapan Kemerdekaan}}, '''BPUPK'''; {{lang-ja|独立準備調査会}}, [[Hepburn romanization|Hepburn]]: {{transl|ja|Dokuritsu Junbi Chōsakai}}, [[Nihon-shiki]] / [[Kunrei-shiki]]: {{transl|ja|Dokuritu Zyunbi Tyoosa-kai}}), sometimes referred to, but better known locally, as the '''Investigating Committee for Preparatory Work for Indonesian Independence''' ({{lang-id|Badan Penyelidik Usaha-usaha Persiapan Kemerdekaan Indonesia}}, '''BPUPKI'''),{{refn|group=note|&quot;Indonesia&quot; was not part of the name as the 16th Army only had authority over Java.{{sfn|Kusuma|Elson|2011|p=196}}}} was an organization set up in March 1945 by the Japanese military authority in Java during the [[Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies]] as the initial stage of the establishment of independence for the area under the control of the [[Japanese 16th Army]]. The BPUPK held two plenary meetings; the first was from 28 May to 1 June 1945 and the second was between 10 and 17 July 1945.<br /> <br /> ==Background==<br /> Realising Japan was losing the war, on 7 September 1944, in a session of the Japanese parliament, Prime Minister [[Kuniaki Koiso]] promised independence for the [Dutch] 'East Indies' at &quot;sometime in the future&quot;.{{sfn|Tan Malaka|2020|p=}} The [[Imperial Japanese Navy|Japanese navy]] was not supportive of the idea, but the [[Twenty-Fifth Army (Japan)|25th Army]] in Sumatra established a [[Central Advisory Council#Sumatra Central Advisory Council|Central Advisory Council]], headed by Mohammad Sjafei, which met only once. Despite navy opposition, army-navy liaison vice-admiral [[Tadashi Maeda (admiral)|Maeda Tadashi]] began to fund speaking tours by Indonesian nationalists [[Sukarno]] and [[Mohammad Hatta|Hatta]]. Other groups were set up, both civilian and military, and Indonesians began to be appointed to administrative posts. After the Japanese defeat at the [[Battle of Leyte Gulf]] and the liberation of the Philippines, the Japanese abandoned hope of turning Indonesia into a puppet state, and now began to try and win goodwill. However, a rebellion by [[Defenders of the Homeland|PETA militias]] in [[Blitar]] in February 1945 showed the Japanese they were losing control.{{sfn|Ricklefs|2008|p=339}}{{sfn|Kahin|1952|p=121}}<br /> <br /> == Java ==<br /> <br /> === Formation and composition ===<br /> In February 1945, partly in response to the Koiso declaration, the [[Sixteenth Army (Japan)|16th Army]] decided to establish a committee to investigate Indonesian independence. According to [[Benedict Anderson]], this was intended as a concession to Indonesian nationalists, and the Japanese hoped it would redirect nationalist enthusiasm towards harmless arguments between factions. The BPUPK was announced by the Sixteenth Army commander Lieutenant General Kumakichi Harada on 1 March 1945 to work on &quot;preparations for independence in the region of the government of this island of Java&quot;.{{sfn|Kusuma|Elson|2011|p=196}}{{sfn|Anderson|1961|pp=16-17}}{{sfn|Daradjadi|Osa Kurniawan Ilham|2020|p=10}} In the three months before the committee was established, a 19-member advisory board, or ''Sanyo Kaigi'' chaired by Sartono discussed the organization, agenda and membership of it. The membership was to comprise 30 Indonesians, 3 Japanese and one representative each of the Chinese, Arab and Dutch ethnic groups. The board agreed to the two-stage Japanese plan of an investigating committee for Java, followed by a preparation committee for all of Indonesia. It also agreed that the territory of the independent state would not be discussed.{{sfn|Inomata|1997|p=102-104}} The BPUPK eventually met in the [[Pancasila Building|building]] formerly used by the [[Volksraad (Dutch East Indies)|''Volksraad'']] (People's Council), which had been set up by the Dutch. The Japanese appointed 59 members, representing the major groups in [[Java]] and [[Madura]]. The membership, which was announced on April 29, (coinciding with the [[Shōwa Day|birthday of Emperor Hirohito]]), included eight Japanese, including one of the vice-chairmen. Among the members were:{{sfn|Ricklefs|2008|p=339}}{{sfn|Anderson|1961|p=18}}<br /> {{columns-list|colwidth=20em|<br /> * [[Rajiman Wediodiningrat|Dr. Radjiman Wediodiningrat]] (chairman)<br /> * [[jp:一番ヶ瀬佳雄|Ichibangase Yoshio]] (vice-chairman)<br /> * [[Soeroso]] (vice-chairman)<br /> * [[Abdoel Gaffar Pringgodigdo]] (co-secretary)<br /> * [[Sukarno]]<br /> * [[Mohammad Hatta]]<br /> * [[Besar Mertokusumo]]<br /> * [[Mas Mansoer]]<br /> * [[Ki Hajar Dewantara]]<br /> * [[Agus Salim]]<br /> * [[Soepomo]]<br /> * [[Soetardjo Kartohadikusumo]]<br /> * [[Abikusno Tjokrosujoso]]<br /> * Bagus Hadikusuma<br /> * [[Wahid Hasyim|Abdul Wahid Hasyim]]<br /> * [[Muhammad Yamin]]<br /> * [[Abdurrahman Baswedan]]<br /> * [[Agus Muhsin Jasad]]<br /> * [[Parada Harahap]]<br /> * [[Liem Koen Hian]]<br /> * [[Oey Tiang Tjoei]]<br /> * [[Oei Tjong Hauw]]<br /> * [[Tan Eng Hoa]]<br /> * P. F. Dahler<br /> * Akira Youka<br /> * Hina Mayada<br /> * Ryuka Honda<br /> }}<br /> The Japanese vice-chairman, {{nihongo||一番ヶ背 芳雄|Ichibangase Yoshio}}, was unable to understand [[Indonesian language|Indonesian]], the language used in the meetings.{{sfn|Kahin|1952|p=121}}<br /> <br /> === Plenary sessions ===<br /> <br /> ==== First (28 May – 1 June 1945) ====<br /> The opening ceremony took place on 28 May. It opened with a speech by the commander of the Japanese 16th Army, Lieutenant General Yuichiro Nagano, who said that independence was being granted to Indonesia to ensure good relations with Japan in the long term. There were speeches by other Japanese officials followed by the taking of a commemorative photograph.{{sfn|Inomata|1997|p=106}}{{sfn|Kusuma|2004|p=87}} The meetings over the next four days consisted mostly of speeches by members and discussions about the ideology of an independent state, in particular whether there would be a role for Islam. On 31 May, Professor [[Soepomo]] called for an authoritarian integralistic state based on a combination of the systems in [[Nazi Germany]] and [[Imperial Japan]], with a strong executive. He claimed that as each individual would be a part of the state, there would be no need for guarantees of human rights because the interests of the state and its citizens would be exactly the same.{{sfn|Butt|Lindsey|2012|p=40-41}} On the final day, 1 June, [[Sukarno]] made his famous speech in which he outlined the [[Pancasila (politics)|Pancasila]] - the five principles that would form the ideological basis of the new state. Although the speech was well-received, Islamic leaders were worried that their interests would not be protected under Pancasila.{{sfn|Nasution|1995|p=11}} At the end of the BPUPK session, members were encouraged to discuss their views and hear opinions from the people at meetings held in their hometowns. A sub-committee of eight members, the ''panitia kecil'' (small committee), was set up with Sukarno as chairman to discuss the issues that had emerged.{{sfn|Inomata|1997|p=106}}{{sfn|Elson|2009|p=112}}{{sfn|Legge|2003|p=209}}{{sfn|Daradjadi|Osa Kurniawan Ilham|2020|p=97}}<br /> <br /> ==== Recess ====<br /> The [[Central Advisory Council]] also established by the Japanese held a session from 18 to 21 June, and Sukarno, who chaired the body, took advantage of this to hold a meeting of the CAC members who were also members of the BPUPK. He also invited the BPUPK members who lived in Jakarta. Of the 47 people invited, 38 met and, prompted by Sukarno, established a nine-member committee, the ''panitia sembilan'', to work on a draft [[Constitution of Indonesia|constitution]]. This group included nationalists as well as Islamic figures, and on June 22 produced a draft preamble to the constitution including the wording of Pancasila, albeit in a different order from that in Sukarno's June 1 speech, with the religious obligation for Muslims. This was mostly the work of Muhammad Yamin, who named the resultant document the [[Jakarta Charter]].{{sfn|Nasution|1995|p=11}}{{sfn|Elson|2009|p=112-113}}<br /> <br /> ==== Second (10–17 July 1945) ====<br /> This session debated and reached agreement on fundamental issues relating to the new nation, including its form, territory and constitution.{{sfn|Inomata|1997|p=106}} On 10 July, a large majority of members (55) voted for independent Indonesia being a republic, rather than a monarchy (6 votes) or other type of state (2 votes). The next day, it was decided that the territory of Indonesia would include not only the [[Dutch East Indies]], but also [[British Malaya|Malaya]], [[North Borneo]], [[Portuguese Timor]], a concept known as [[Greater Indonesia]] (''Indonesia Raya''), which was strongly supported by [[Mohammad Yamin]]. This proposal garnered 39 votes, with 19 votes for a state limited to the territory of the Dutch East Indies and 6 votes for the Dutch East Indies plus Malaya.{{sfn|Inomata|1997|p=107}}{{sfn|Kusuma|2004|p=62}}<br /> <br /> The debate about the nature of the state continued. The main opposition to Soepomo's integralistic concept came from Muhammad Yamin, who favoured a liberal democracy similar to the United States, with separation of powers and a bill of rights. Other delegates called for an Islamic state, or at the very least, a constitutional obligation for Muslims to abide by Shariah law.{{sfn|Butt|Lindsey|2012|p=42}}<br /> <br /> A sub-committee held meetings on 11, 13 and 15 July to discuss details of the constitution. All 27 members agreed to the final format on 15 July.{{sfn|Soeripto |1962|p=80-131}} As Soepomo played a dominant role in the drafting of the document, his views were manifested in its provision for a strong state.{{sfn|Butt|Lindsey |2012|p=41}} The constitution was approved by the BPUPK on 16 July, with only Yamin voting against it, apparently because he was unhappy at not having been included in the constitution drafting committee.{{sfn|Elson|2009|p=115n}}{{sfn|Kusuma|2004|p=432}}<br /> <br /> == Sumatra ==<br /> On 25 July, a BPUPK was established by the Japanese 25th Army, in Sumatra, chaired by Mohammad Sjafei, head of the Sumatra [[Central Advisory Council]], as chairman. The secretary was Djamaluddin Adinegoro. As well as the chairman and secretary, there were 22 members, including A.K. Gani, [[Teuku Mohammad Hasan|Teuku Hasan]], [[Hamka]] and the [[Asahan Sultanate|Sultan of Asahan]]. It never met, but issued a statement of its resolve to strive for the Japanese Empire. The chairman and secretary had planned to travel around Sumatra making speeches. They set off on July 26, but the tour was cut short by the Japanese surrender.{{sfn|Kahin|1952|p=121-122}}{{sfn|Kusuma|2004|p=1}}{{sfn|Reid|1971|pp=28-29, 45}}<br /> <br /> === Composition ===<br /> The members of BPUPK in Sumatra were:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Reid |first=Anthony |url=https://brill.com/view/title/23090 |title=An Indonesian Frontier: Acehnese and Other Histories of Sumatra |date=2004-01-01 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-48655-3 |doi=10.1163/9789004486553_018|s2cid=243462963 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> * Chairman: {{ill|Mohd. Sjafei|id|Mohammad Sjafei}} <br /> * Secretary: [[Djamaluddin Adinegoro]] <br /> * Members: Aceh: [[Teuku Nyak Arif|T. Njak Arif]], [[Daud Beureueh|Tgk. Mohd. Daud Beureu'eh]]<br /> * Members: East Sumatra: Dr. Pirngadi; {{ill|Dr. Amir|id|Mohammad Amir}}; {{ill|Mr. T. Mohd. Hasan|id|Teuku Muhammad Hasan}}; [[Hamka]]; Tgk. Saibun Abdul Jalil Rahmat Sjah, {{ill|Sultan of Asahan|id|Daftar Sultan Asahan}}; Hsu Hua Chang<br /> * Members: Tapanuli: Dr. [[Ferdinand Lumbantobing]]; Mr. [[Hazairin|Azairin]]<br /> * Members: West Sumatra: {{ill|Dt. Perpatih Baringek|id|Rusad Datuk Perpatih Baringek|min|Rusad Datuk Perpatih Baringek}}; {{ill|A.R. Sutan Mansur|id|Ahmad Rasyid|min|Ahmad Rasyid Sutan Mansur|ms|Ahmad Rasyid}}; {{ill|Chatib Soeleiman|id|Chatib Soeleiman}}; [[Muhammad Jamil Jambek|Sjech Mohd. Djamil Djambek]]<br /> * Members: Riau: Aminoeddin<br /> * Members: Jambi: Dr. A. Sjagoff<br /> * Members: Bengkulu: Ir. Indra Tjahaja<br /> * Members: Palembang: [[Adnan Kapau Gani|Dr. A.K. Gani]]; Ir. Ibrahim; K.H. Tjik Wan<br /> * Members: Lampung: Mr. Abdul Abbas<br /> * Members: Bangka-Billiton: M.A. Sjarif<br /> <br /> == Eastern islands ==<br /> In the [[Great East|eastern islands]], the Japanese Navy, the occupying authority, did not believe the inhabitants of the region were ready for independence. It allowed the establishment of a short-lived and impotent National Party chaired by the Sultan of [[Bone state|Bone]], but this was banned six weeks later. The stance by the Navy prompted Sukarno to send two pro-independence figures from the east, [[Sam Ratulangi]] and [[Tadjuddin Noor]], who were in Java, back home to mobilize pro-independence forces.{{sfn|Kahin|1952|p=121-122}}{{sfn|Kusuma|2004|p=1}}<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[Central Advisory Council]]<br /> * [[Preparatory Committee for Indonesian Independence|Preparatory Committee for Indonesian Independence (PPKI)]]<br /> * [[Central Indonesian National Committee|Central Indonesian National Committee (KNIP)]]<br /> <br /> ==Note==<br /> {{reflist|group=note}}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist|2}}<br /> <br /> ==Works cited==<br /> *{{Cite book|title=Some Aspects of Indonesian Politics under the Japanese occupation, 1944-1945|last=Anderson|first=Benedict|series=Cornell University. Dept. Of Far Eastern Studies. Modern Indonesia Project. Interim reports series - Cornell University. Modern Indonesia Project |author-link=Benedict Anderson|publisher=Cornell University|year=1961|url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=coo.31924006545622&amp;view=1up&amp;seq=3|location=Ithaca, N.Y.}}<br /> * {{cite book |last1 = Butt|first1 = Simon |last2 = Lindsey | first2 = Tim |title=The Constitution of Indonesia: A Contextual Analysis|publisher = Hart Publishing |year=2012 |location = Oxford &amp; Portland, Oregon|isbn=978-1-84113-018-7 }}<br /> * {{cite book | author1 = Daradjadi | author2 = Osa Kurniawan Ilham | title = Pejambon 1945: Konsensus Agung para Pelatak Fondasi Bangsa |language = id| trans-title = Pejambon 1845: The Great Consensus of the Nation's Founders| publisher = Kompas Gramedia | location = Jakarta |year = 2020 | isbn = 978-623-00-2017-9}}<br /> * {{cite journal |last1=Elson |first1=R. E. |date=October 2009 |title=Another Look at the Jakarta Charter Controversy of 1945 |url= https://ecommons.cornell.edu/bitstream/handle/1813/54483/INDO_88_0_1255982649_105_130.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y |journal=Indonesia |volume= 88|issue=88 |pages=105–130 |access-date= 21 December 2018}}<br /> * {{cite book |last=Inomata |first=Aiko Kurasawa |editor-last=Abdullah |editor-first=Taufik |title=The Heartbeat of Indonesian Revolution |publisher=PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama |date=1997 |pages=97–113 |chapter=Indonesia Merdeka Selekas-lekasnya: Preparations for Independence in the Last Days of Japanese Occupation |isbn=978-979-605-723-8 }}<br /> * {{Cite book | last = Kahin | first = George McTurnan | author-link = George McTurnan Kahin | title = Nationalism and Revolution in Indonesia | publisher = Cornell University Press | year = 1952| location = Ithaca, New York }}<br /> *{{cite book | last = Kusuma| first = A.B | title = Lahirnya Undang-Undang Dasar 1945 : memuat salinan dokumen otentik badan oentoek menyelidiki oesaha2 persiapan kemerdekaan|language = Indonesian |trans-title = The Birth of the 1945 Constitution: including copies of the authentic documents of the Investigating Committee for Preparatory Work for Independence | publisher =Badan Penerbit Fakultas Hukum Universitas Indonesia |location = Depok, Indonesia| year = 2004 | isbn = 979-8972-28-7}}<br /> * {{Citation | last1 = Kusuma | first1 = A.B. | last2 = Elson | first2 = R.E. | title = A note on the sources for the 1945 constitutional debates in Indonesia | journal = Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde | volume = 167 | issue = 2–3 | pages = 196–209| year = 2011 | issn = 0006-2294 | doi = 10.1163/22134379-90003589| url = http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:273574/UQ273574_OA.pdf }}<br /> * {{cite book | last =Legge| first = John David | title =Sukarno: A Political Biography| publisher = Archipelago Press| location = Singapore| pages =101–102| isbn =978-981-4068-64-2| year = 2003 }}<br /> * {{Citation | last = Nasution | first = Adnan Buyung | author-link = Adnan Buyung Nasution | title = ''Aspirasi Pemerintahan Konstitutional di Indonesia: Studi Sosio-Legal atas Konstituante 1956-1956'' (''The Aspiration for Constitutional Government in Indonesia: A Socio-Legal Study of the Indonesian Konstituante 1956-1959'')| language = id | publisher = Pustaka Utama Grafiti |location = Jakarta| year = 1995 | isbn = 978-979-444-384-2 }}<br /> * {{Cite journal | last= Reid| first= Anthony| date=October 1971| title=The Birth of the Republic of Sumatra |journal=Indonesia|volume=12|issue=12|pages=21–46|doi=10.2307/3350656|jstor=3350656|url=https://ecommons.cornell.edu/bitstream/handle/1813/53522/INDO_12_0_1107125075_21_46.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y}}<br /> * {{Cite book | last = Ricklefs| first = M.C. | author-link = M. C. Ricklefs | title = A History of Modern Indonesia Since c.1300 | publisher = MacMillan |location = London| edition = 4th | year = 2008 | orig-year = 1981 | isbn = 978-0-230-54685-1 }}<br /> * {{Cite book | editor = Soeripto | title = Lahirnya Undang-Undang Dasar 1945| trans-title = Birth of the 1945 Constitution| language = id | publisher = Penerbitan Grip |location = Surabaya | year = 1962 }}<br /> * {{Cite book | author = Tan Malaka| title = From Jail to Jail| translator= Helen Jarvis| publisher = Ohio University Press | year = 2020 |isbn = 9780896804043|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=EqAMEAAAQBAJ&amp;dq=koiso+7+September+1944+%22kan+po%22&amp;pg=PT527}}<br /> <br /> {{Members of the Investigating Committee for Preparatory Work for Independence}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Bpupki}}<br /> [[Category:1945 in the Dutch East Indies]]<br /> [[Category:BPUPK| ]]<br /> [[Category:Indonesia in World War II]]<br /> [[Category:Indonesian collaborators with Imperial Japan]]<br /> [[Category:Indonesian National Revolution]]<br /> [[Category:Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies]]</div> Xbypass https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pemali_River&diff=1243107001 Pemali River 2024-08-30T14:57:43Z <p>Xbypass: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Infobox river<br /> | name = Pemali River<br /> | name_other = Sungai Pemali, Kali Pemali, Kali Ci Pemali, Sungai Cipemali, Sungai Brebes, Kali Brebes<br /> | image = <br /> | image_size = <br /> | image_caption = <br /> | pushpin_map = Indonesia Java#Indonesia<br /> | pushpin_map_size = 285<br /> | pushpin_map_caption = Location of river mouth<br /> | source1_location = Tuk Sirah, Brebes Regency [[Central Java]]<br /> | mouth_location = [[Java Sea]]<br /> | subdivision_type1 = Country<br /> | subdivision_name1 = [[Indonesia]]<br /> | subdivision_type2 = Province<br /> | subdivision_name2 = [[Central Java]]<br /> | length = {{cvt|125.4|km}}<br /> | source1_elevation = {{cvt|420|m}}<br /> | mouth_elevation = <br /> | discharge1_avg = <br /> | basin_size = {{cvt|1276.4|km2}}<br /> }}<br /> '''Pemali River''' is a river in northern [[Central Java]], [[Indonesia]], about 250&amp;nbsp;km east of the capital [[Jakarta]].&lt;ref&gt;Rand McNally, ''The New International Atlas'', 1993.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.geonames.org/1631644/kali%20kali%20pemali.html Kali Pemali] at Geonames.org (cc-by); Last updated 2013-06-04; Database dump downloaded 2015-11-27&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Hydrology==<br /> The source of Pemali river originates in Winduaji village, [[Paguyangan, Brebes|Paguyangan]] district, [[Brebes Regency]], with Tuk Sirah as the name of its spring.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.suaramerdeka.com/harian/0411/18/pan09.htm |title=Berwisata Spiritual di Mata Air Tuk Sirah |access-date=2019-02-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170810093554/http://www.suaramerdeka.com/harian/0411/18/pan09.htm |archive-date=2017-08-10 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; The Pemali River is the largest river in Brebes Regency with a length of approximately 125.4&amp;nbsp;km flowing from south, emptying north to Brebes delta by the [[Java Sea]]. The watershed area is {{cvt|1276.4|km2}} comprising [[Brebes Regency]] and [[Tegal Regency]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://psda.jatengprov.go.id/dokumen/DAFTAR-DAS-DI-JATENG-SESUAI-PERPRES-12-TH-2012.pdf |title=Daftar DAS di Jateng |access-date=2019-02-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161023062913/http://psda.jatengprov.go.id/dokumen/DAFTAR-DAS-DI-JATENG-SESUAI-PERPRES-12-TH-2012.pdf |archive-date=2016-10-23 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Geography==<br /> The river flows in the central north area of Java with predominantly [[tropical monsoon climate]] (designated as ''Am'' in the Köppen-Geiger climate classification).&lt;ref name = &quot;koppen&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal | title = Updated world map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification| url = http://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/11/1633/2007/hess-11-1633-2007.html| year = 2007| journal = Hydrology and Earth System Sciences| volume = 11|pages= 1633–1644&lt;!--| sid = 1633-1644--&gt;| date =&lt;!-- 01/30/2016--&gt;|access-date=30 January 2016| doi = 10.5194/hess-11-1633-2007| first1 =M C| first2 = B L| first3 = T A| last1 = Peel| last2 = Finlayson| last3 =McMahon| issue = 5| bibcode = 2007HESS...11.1633P| doi-access = free}}&lt;/ref&gt; The annual average temperature in the area is 25&amp;nbsp;°C. The warmest month is September, when the average temperature is around 28&amp;nbsp;°C, and the coldest is December, at 24&amp;nbsp;°C.&lt;ref name = &quot;nasa&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url= http://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/dataset_index.php|title = NASA Earth Observations Data Set Index|date =30 January 2016 | publisher = NASA}}&lt;/ref&gt; The average annual rainfall is 2702&amp;nbsp;mm. The wettest month is December, with an average of 423&amp;nbsp;mm rainfall, and the driest is September, with 26&amp;nbsp;mm rainfall.&lt;ref name = &quot;nasarain&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url= http://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/view.php?datasetId=TRMM_3B43M&amp;year=2014|title = NASA Earth Observations: Rainfall (1 month - TRMM)| date =30 January 2016 |publisher = NASA/Tropical Rainfall Monitoring Mission}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> *[[List of drainage basins of Indonesia]]<br /> *[[List of rivers of Indonesia]]<br /> *[[List of rivers of Java]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> {{coord|6|46|S|109|04|E|display=title|region:ID_type:river_source:GNS-enwiki}}<br /> {{Rivers of Java}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Rivers of Central Java]]<br /> [[Category:Pemali basin]]</div> Xbypass https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_universities_in_Indonesia&diff=1240926958 List of universities in Indonesia 2024-08-18T09:02:25Z <p>Xbypass: /* Public Islamic higher education institutions */</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|none}}<br /> {{Incomplete list|date=September 2011}}<br /> <br /> This is a '''list of [[University|universities]], colleges, polytechnics and other [[higher education in Indonesia]]'''.<br /> <br /> According to the former Directorate General of Higher Education (now part of the Ministry of Research, Technology, &amp; Higher Education), in 2022 there were 4,004 higher education institutions (3,820 private and 184 public).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Statistik Indonesia 2024 |url=https://www.bps.go.id/id/publication/2024/02/28/c1bacde03256343b2bf769b0/statistik-indonesia-2024.html |access-date=2024-03-02 |language=id-ID}}&lt;/ref&gt; Higher education in Indonesia offers, academic degrees, vocational degrees, and professional degrees. They are provided by the following types of institutions:<br /> <br /> * '''Community Academy''' provides vocational education for diploma one and/or diploma two programs in regencies/municipalities based on local excellence or to meet special needs.<br /> * '''Academy''', offers vocational education in a number of fields of common origin such as a military academy and nursing academy.<br /> * '''Polytechnic''', offers vocational education, and/or professional education in various fields<br /> * '''Specialised College''' (''Sekolah Tinggi''), offers academic education and can provide vocational and/or professional education in 1 (one) specific cluster<br /> * '''Institute''', offers academic education and can provide vocational and/or professional education in a number of fields of common origin (technological cluster for example)<br /> * '''University''', offers academic education, and can provide vocational education, and/or professional education in various fields<br /> <br /> There are several levels of degrees that can be achieved in higher education, which are split into six levels:<br /> <br /> * '''D1 - Ahli Pratama''' (A.P.) is a one year education program consisting of 32 credits and a final assignment in the form of practical work and scientific work reports. The title translates to &quot;Primary Expert&quot;.<br /> * '''D2 - Ahli Muda''' (A.Ma.) is a two year education program consisting of 64 credits. The title translates to &quot;Young Expert&quot;.<br /> * '''D3 - Ahli Madya''' (A.Md.) is a three year higher education programm consisting of 112 credits. The title translates to &quot;Associate Expert&quot;.<br /> * '''D4 - Sarjana Terapan''' (S.Tr.) is a four year higher education programm consisting of 144 credits. The title translates to &quot;Bachelor of Applied [...]&quot; followed by the subject.<br /> * '''S1 - Sarjana''' is a four to seven years higher education program, depending on the university, which requires a scientific thesis. This is equivalent to a Bachelor's degree.<br /> * '''S2 - Magister''' is a one to two year graduate program which requires a scientific thesis. This is equivalent to a Master's degree.<br /> * '''S3 - Doktor:''' is a three to seven years graduate program which requires a scientific dissertation.<br /> <br /> ==Public higher education institutions==<br /> There are 125 public higher education institutions divided into 63 public universities, 13 Institutes, 44 Polytechnics, and 5 Community Colleges.<br /> <br /> ===Public universities===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! PT Code&lt;br /&gt;{{small|001-}}<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Abbrev.<br /> ! Founding Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Accred.&lt;ref name=&quot;banpt&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Badan Akreditasi Nasional–Perguruan Tinggi|trans-title=National Accreditation Organization for Higher Education|url=https://www.banpt.or.id/direktori/institusi/pencarian_institusi.php|access-date=2022-01-03}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 001<br /> | '''[[Gadjah Mada University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Gadjah Mada''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UGM<br /> | 1949, 19 December <br /> | [[Sleman]] and [[Yogyakarta]], [[Special Region of Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Universitas Gadjah Mada |url=https://ugm.ac.id/id/ |access-date=2024-02-17 |website=ugm.ac.id |language=id-ID}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 002<br /> | '''[[University of Indonesia]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Indonesia''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UI<br /> | 1849, 2 January {{small|(as ''Dokter-Djawa School Batavia'')}}&lt;br /&gt;1950, 2 February {{small|(as ''Universiteit Indonesia'')}}&lt;br /&gt;1955, 11 July {{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Jakarta]] and [[Depok]], [[West Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Universitas Indonesia |url=https://www.ui.ac.id/ |access-date=2024-02-17 |website=Universitas Indonesia |language=id-ID}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 003<br /> | '''[[University of North Sumatra]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Sumatera Utara''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| USU<br /> | 1952, 20 August<br /> | [[Medan]], [[North Sumatra]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Beranda {{!}} Universitas Sumatera Utara |url=https://www.usu.ac.id/id |access-date=2024-02-17 |website=Website Universitas Sumatera Utara}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 004<br /> | '''[[Airlangga University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Airlangga''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNAIR<br /> | 1954, 1 November<br /> | [[Surabaya]], [[East Java]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|7|16|18|S|112|45|29|E}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Beranda UNAIR |url=https://unair.ac.id/ |access-date=2024-02-17 |website=Universitas Airlangga Official Website |language=id-ID}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 005<br /> | '''[[University of Hasanuddin]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Hasanuddin''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNHAS<br /> | 1956, 10 September<br /> | [[Makassar]], [[South Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unhas.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 006<br /> | '''[[Universitas Andalas|Andalas University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Andalas''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNAND<br /> | 1955, 13 September <br /> | [[Padang]], [[West Sumatra]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unand.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 007<br /> | '''[[Padjadjaran University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Padjadjaran''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNPAD<br /> | 1957, 11 September<br /> | [[Bandung]] and Jatinangor, [[West Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unpad.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 008<br /> | '''[[Diponegoro University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Diponegoro''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNDIP<br /> | 1957, 9 January<br /> | [[Semarang]], [[Central Java]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|-7.049|110.438|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.undip.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 009<br /> | '''[[Sriwijaya University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Sriwijaya''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNSRI<br /> | 1960, 29 October<br /> | [[Palembang]] and Indralaya, [[South Sumatra]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unsri.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 010<br /> | '''[[Lambung Mangkurat University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Lambung Mangkurat''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| ULM<br /> | 1958, 1 September <br /> | [[Banjarmasin]] and [[Banjarbaru]], [[South Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| A<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.ulm.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 011<br /> | '''[[Syiah Kuala University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Syiah Kuala''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| USK<br /> | 1961, 2 September<br /> | [[Banda Aceh]], [[Aceh]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.usk.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 012<br /> | '''[[Sam Ratulangi University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Sam Ratulangi''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNSRAT<br /> | 1965, 14 September<br /> | [[Manado]], [[North Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unsrat.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 013<br /> | '''[[Udayana University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Udayana''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNUD<br /> | 1962, 17 August<br /> | [[Badung]], [[Bali]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|8|47|56|S|115|10|19|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unud.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 014<br /> | '''[[University of Nusa Cendana]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Nusa Cendana''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNDANA<br /> | 1962, 1 September<br /> | [[Kupang]], [[East Nusa Tenggara]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|-10.1545227|123.6590252|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.undana.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 015<br /> | '''[[Mulawarman University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Mulawarman''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNMUL<br /> | 1962, 27 September <br /> | [[Samarinda]], [[East Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unmul.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 016<br /> | '''[[University of Mataram]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Mataram''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNRAM<br /> | 1962, 1 October<br /> | [[Mataram (city)|Mataram]], [[West Nusa Tenggara]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unram.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 017<br /> | '''[[University of Riau]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Riau''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNRI<br /> | 1962, 1 September<br /> | [[Pekanbaru]], [[Riau]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|0.4764|101.3806|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| A<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unri.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 018<br /> | '''[[Cenderawasih University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Cenderawasih''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNCEN<br /> | 1962, 10 November<br /> | [[Jayapura]], [[Papua (province)|Papua]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.uncen.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 019<br /> | '''[[University of Brawijaya]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Brawijaya''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UB<br /> | 1963, 5 January<br /> | [[Malang]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.ub.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 020<br /> | '''[[University of Jambi]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Jambi''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNJA<br /> | 1963, 26 March<br /> | [[Jambi (city)]], [[Jambi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unja.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 021<br /> | '''[[Pattimura University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Pattimura''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNPATTI<br /> | 1963, 23 April<br /> | [[Ambon, Maluku|Ambon]], [[Maluku (province)|Maluku]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unpatti.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 022<br /> | '''[[Tanjungpura University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Tanjungpura''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNTAN<br /> | 1959, 20 May<br /> | [[Pontianak, Indonesia|Pontianak]], [[West Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| A<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.untan.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 023<br /> | '''[[Jenderal Soedirman University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Jenderal Soedirman''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNSOED<br /> | 1963, 23 September <br /> | [[Purwokerto]] and [[Purbalingga]], [[Central Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| A<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unsoed.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 024<br /> | '''[[University of Palangkaraya]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Palangkaraya''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UPR<br /> | 1963, 10 November <br /> | [[Palangka Raya]], [[Central Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.upr.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 025<br /> | '''[[University of Jember]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Jember''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNEJ<br /> | 1964, 10 November <br /> | [[Jember]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.unej.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 026<br /> | '''[[Lampung University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Lampung''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNILA<br /> | 1965, 22 September<br /> | [[Bandar Lampung]], [[Lampung]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|5|21|52.24|S|105|14|36.38|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unila.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 027<br /> | '''[[Sebelas Maret University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Sebelas Maret''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNS<br /> | 1976, 11 March<br /> | [[Surakarta]], [[Central Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.uns.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 028<br /> | '''[[Tadulako University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Tadulako''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNTAD<br /> | 1981, 1 May<br /> | [[Palu]], [[Central Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.untad.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 029<br /> | '''[[Haluoleo University|Halu Oleo University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Halu Oleo''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UHO<br /> | 1981, 19 August<br /> | [[Kendari]], [[Southeast Sulawesi]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|4|0|31.72|S|122|31|21.65|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.uho.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 030<br /> | '''[[University of Bengkulu]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Bengkulu''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNIB<br /> | 1982, 24 April<br /> | [[Bengkulu (city)]], [[Bengkulu]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|3|45|35.27|S|102|16|20.8|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unib.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 031<br /> | '''[[Universitas Terbuka|Indonesia Open University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Terbuka''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UT<br /> | 1984, 4 September <br /> | [[South Tangerang]], [[Banten]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|6| 20|41.6|S|106|45|29.11|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| A<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.ut.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 032<br /> | '''[[State University of Padang]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Negeri Padang''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNP<br /> | 1954, 23 October<br /> | [[Padang]], [[West Sumatra]]&lt;br /&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unp.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 033<br /> | '''[[State University of Malang]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Negeri Malang''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UM<br /> | 1954, 18 October<br /> | [[Malang]] and [[Blitar]], [[East Java]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|7|57|46.78|S|112|37|6.41|E}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.um.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 034<br /> | '''[[Indonesia University of Education]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UPI<br /> | 1954, 20 October<br /> | [[Bandung]], [[West Java]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|6|51|48.24|S|107|35|39.48|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.upi.edu/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 035<br /> | '''[[State University of Manado]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Negeri Manado''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNIMA<br /> | 1955, 22 September<br /> | [[Minahasa Regency|Minahasa]], [[North Sulawesi]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|1|15|59.7|N|124|52|59.4|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unima.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 036<br /> | '''[[State University of Makassar]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Negeri Makassar''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNM<br /> | 1961, 1 August<br /> | [[Makassar]], [[South Sulawesi]]&lt;br /&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unm.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 037<br /> | '''[[State University of Jakarta]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Negeri Jakarta''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNJ<br /> | 1964, 16 May <br /> | [[Jakarta]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|6|11|40.2|S|106|52|43.7|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unj.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 038<br /> | '''[[Yogyakarta State University|State University of Yogyakarta]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNY<br /> | 1964, 21 May <br /> | [[Sleman]] and [[Yogyakarta]], [[Special Region of Yogyakarta]]&lt;br /&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.uny.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 039<br /> | '''[[State University of Surabaya]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Negeri Surabaya''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNESA<br /> | 1964, 19 December<br /> | [[Surabaya]], [[East Java]]&lt;br /&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unesa.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 040<br /> | '''[[State University of Medan]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Negeri Medan''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNIMED<br /> | 1956<br /> | [[Medan]], [[North Sumatra]]&lt;br /&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| A<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unimed.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 041<br /> | '''[[State University of Semarang]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Negeri Semarang''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNNES<br /> | 1965<br /> | [[Semarang]], [[Central Java]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|7|2| 55.4|S|110|23|22.7|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unnes.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 042<br /> | '''[[Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNTIRTA<br /> | 1981<br /> | [[Serang]] and [[Cilegon]], [[Banten]]&lt;br /&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.untirta.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 043<br /> | '''[[Trunojoyo University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Trunojoyo''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNIJOYO<br /> | 1964, 15 August<br /> | [[Bangkalan Regency|Bangkalan]], [[East Java]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{Coord|7|7|39.9|S|112|43|23.1|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.trunojoyo.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 044<br /> | '''[[Khairun University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Khairun''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNKHAIR<br /> | 1964, 15 August<br /> | [[Ternate]], [[North Maluku]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{Coord|0|45|45.2|N|127|20|10.6|E}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unkhair.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 045<br /> | '''[[University of Papua]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Papua''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNIPA<br /> | 2000, 3 November<br /> | [[Manokwari]], [[West Papua (province)|West Papua]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unipa.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 046<br /> | '''[[Malikussaleh University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Malikussaleh''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNIMAL<br /> | 1969, 12 June<br /> | [[North Aceh Regency|North Aceh]], [[Aceh]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|5|14|2.56|N|96|59|14.22|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unimal.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 047<br /> | '''[[State University of Gorontalo]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Negeri Gorontalo''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNG<br /> | 1963, 1 September<br /> | [[Gorontalo (city)|Gorontalo]], [[Gorontalo]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|0|33|23.07|N|123|3|48.98|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.ung.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 048<br /> | '''[[Ganesha University of Education]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNDIKSHA<br /> | 2006, 11 Mei<br /> | [[Singaraja]], [[Bali]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| A<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.undiksha.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 049<br /> | '''[[University of Bangka Belitung]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Bangka Belitung''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UBB<br /> | 2006, 12 April<br /> | [[Pangkalpinang]], [[Bangka Belitung]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|2|4|11.8|S|106|4|38.7|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.ubb.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 050<br /> | '''[[Borneo Tarakan University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Borneo Tarakan''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UBT<br /> | 1999, 9 October<br /> | [[Tarakan]], [[North Kalimantan]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|3|18|11.3|N|117|38|55.8|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.ubt.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 051<br /> | '''[[Musamus Merauke University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Musamus Merauke''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNMUS<br /> | 2001, 26 January<br /> | [[Merauke]], [[South Papua]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|8|31|54.7|S|140|25|1.5|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}} <br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unmus.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 052<br /> | '''[[:id:Universitas Maritim Raja Ali Haji|Raja Ali Haji Maritime University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Maritim Raja Ali Haji''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UMRAH<br /> | 2007, 1 August<br /> | [[Tanjungpinang]], [[Riau Islands]]&lt;br /&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}} <br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.umrah.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 053<br /> | '''[[Samudra University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Samudra''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNSAM<br /> | 1985, 22 October<br /> | [[Langsa]], [[Aceh]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|4|27|27.4|N|97|58|17.3|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}} <br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unsam.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 054<br /> | '''[[Universitas Sulawesi Barat|University of West Sulawesi]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Sulawesi Barat''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNSULBAR<br /> | 2004, 22 September<br /> | [[Majene]], [[West Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unsulbar.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 055<br /> | '''[[Sembilanbelas November University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Sembilanbelas November''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| USN<br /> | 1984, 16 April<br /> | [[Kolaka Regency|Kolaka]], [[Southeast Sulawesi]]&lt;br /&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.usn.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 056<br /> | '''[[Tidar University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Tidar''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNTIDAR<br /> | 1980<br /> | [[Magelang]], [[Central Java]]&lt;br /&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B <br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.untidar.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 057<br /> | '''[[Siliwangi University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Siliwangi''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNSIL<br /> | 1978<br /> | [[Tasikmalaya]], [[West Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B <br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unsil.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 058<br /> | '''[[Teuku Umar University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Teuku Umar''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UTU<br /> | 2006, 10 November<br /> | [[Meulaboh]], [[Aceh]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|4|8|44.2|N|96|11|50.4|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.utu.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 059<br /> | '''[[University of Pembangunan Nasional Veteran|University of National Development &quot;Veteran&quot; East Java]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Pembangunan Nasional &quot;Veteran&quot; Jawa Timur''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UPNVJT<br /> | 1959, 5 July<br /> | [[Surabaya]], [[East Java]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|7|20|0| S|112|47|24|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| A<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.upnjatim.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 060<br /> | '''[[Timor University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Timor''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNIMOR<br /> | 2000, 16 July<br /> | [[North Central Timor Regency|North Central Timor]], [[East Nusa Tenggara]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{Coord|9|30|45.7|S|124|30|41.8|E}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unimor.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 061<br /> | '''[[:id:Universitas Pembangunan Nasional &quot;Veteran&quot; Jakarta|University of National Development &quot;Veteran&quot; Jakarta]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Pembangunan Nasional &quot;Veteran&quot; Jakarta''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UPNVJ<br /> | 1967, 21 February <br /> | [[Jakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.upnvj.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 062<br /> | '''[[:id:Universitas Pembangunan Nasional &quot;Veteran&quot; Yogyakarta|University of National Development &quot;Veteran&quot; Yogyakarta]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Pembangunan Nasional &quot;Veteran&quot; Yogyakarta''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UPNYK<br /> | 1958, 15 December<br /> | [[Sleman]], [[Special Region of Yogyakarta]]&lt;br /&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B <br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.upnyk.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 063<br /> | '''[[University of Singaperbangsa Karawang]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Singaperbangsa Karawang''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNSIKA<br /> | 1982, 2 February<br /> | [[Karawang]], [[West Java]]&lt;br /&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B <br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unsika.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Public institutes===<br /> <br /> There are 13 Public Institutes in Indonesia: 5 Institutes of Technology, 1 Institute of Agriculture, 4 Institute of Arts (ISI), and 3 Institute of Arts and Culture (ISBI).<br /> <br /> Two more Institute of Arts and Culture is planned in East Kalimantan and South Sulawesi. However, ISBI Kaltim and ISBI Sulsel in form of ISI Yogyakarta and ISI Surakarta's PSDKU has no definite timeline in being separated.<br /> <br /> {{Sticky header}}{{Sort under}}<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable sticky-header-multi sort-under&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;width:5%&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Code&lt;br&gt;{{small|002-}}<br /> ! style=&quot;width:30%&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| Name<br /> ! style=&quot;width:10%&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| Abbrev.<br /> ! style=&quot;width:10%&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Year Founded<br /> ! style=&quot;width:30%&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot;| Location<br /> ! style=&quot;width:10%&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Accred.<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; style=&quot;width:5%&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ref<br /> |-<br /> ! Province<br /> ! City<br /> |-<br /> | 001<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''[[Bandung Institute of Technology]]'''&lt;br&gt;{{resize|90%|({{lang|id|Institut Teknologi Bandung|italic=no}})}}<br /> | ITB<br /> | 1920<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flag|West Java}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Bandung]]&lt;br&gt;{{small|{{coord|6|53|27.25|S|107|36|37.36|E|name=Bandung Institute of Technology|}}}}<br /> | {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | [http://www.itb.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 002<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''[[Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology]]'''&lt;br&gt;{{resize|90%|({{lang|id|Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember|italic=no}})}}<br /> | ITS<br /> | 1957<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flag|East Java}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Surabaya]]&lt;br&gt;{{small|{{coord|7|16|54|S|112|47|41|E|name=Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology|}}}}<br /> | {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | [http://www.its.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 003<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''[[IPB University]]'''&lt;br&gt;{{resize|90%|({{lang|id|Institut Pertanian Bogor|italic=no}})}}<br /> | IPB<br /> | 1963<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flag|West Java}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Bogor Regency|Bogor]]<br /> | {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | [http://www.ipb.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 005<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''[[Indonesian Institute of the Arts, Yogyakarta]]'''&lt;br&gt;{{resize|90%|({{lang|id|Institut Seni Indonesia Yogyakarta|italic=no}})}}<br /> | ISI Yogyakarta<br /> | 1984<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flag|Special Region of Yogyakarta}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Bantul Regency|Bantul]]&lt;br&gt;{{small|{{coord|7|51|08.6|S|110|21|21.21|E|name=Indonesian Institute of the Arts, Yogyakarta}}}}<br /> | A<br /> | [http://www.isi.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 007<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''[[Indonesian Institute of the Arts, Denpasar]]'''&lt;br&gt;{{resize|90%|({{lang|id|Institut Seni Indonesia Denpasar|italic=no}})}}<br /> | ISI Denpasar<br /> | 1967<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flag|Bali}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Denpasar]]&lt;br&gt;{{small|{{coord|8|39|12.93|S|115|13|57.5|E|name=Indonesian Institute of the Arts, Denpasar|}}}}<br /> | A<br /> | [https://www.isi-dps.ac.id]<br /> |-<br /> | 008<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''[[Indonesian Institute of the Arts, Surakarta]]'''&lt;br&gt;{{resize|90%|({{lang|id|Institut Seni Indonesia Surakarta|italic=no}})}}<br /> | ISI Surakarta<br /> | 1964<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flag|Central Java}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Surakarta]]<br /> | {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | [http://www.isi-ska.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 009<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''Indonesian Institute of the Arts, Padang Panjang'''&lt;br&gt;{{resize|90%|({{lang|id|Institut Seni Indonesia Padang Panjang|italic=no}})}}<br /> | ISI Padang Panjang <br /> | 1965<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flag|West Sumatra}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Padang Panjang]]<br /> | B<br /> | [http://www.isi-padangpanjang.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 010<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''[[Bandung Institute of Indonesian Arts and Culture]]'''&lt;br&gt;{{resize|90%|({{lang|id|Institut Seni Budaya Indonesia Bandung|italic=no}})}}<br /> | ISBI Bandung<br /> | 1968<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flag|West Java}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Bandung]]<br /> | {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | [https://www.isbi.ac.id]<br /> |-<br /> | 011<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''Aceh Institute of Indonesian Arts and Culture'''&lt;br&gt;{{resize|90%|({{lang|id|Institut Seni Budaya Indonesia Aceh|italic=no}})}}<br /> | ISBI Aceh<br /> | 2014<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flag|Aceh}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Aceh Besar Regency|Great Aceh]]<br /> | {{small|Good}}<br /> | [http://isbiaceh.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 012<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''Tanah Papua Institute of Indonesian Arts and Culture'''&lt;br&gt;{{resize|90%|({{lang|id|Institut Seni Budaya Indonesia Tanah Papua|italic=no}})}}<br /> | ISBI Tanah Papua<br /> | 2014<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flag|Papua}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Jayapura]]<br /> | <br /> | [http://isbi-tanahpapua.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 013<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''[[Kalimantan Institute of Technology]]'''&lt;br&gt;{{resize|90%|({{lang|id|Institut Teknologi Kalimantan|italic=no}})}}<br /> | ITK<br /> | 2014<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flag|East Kalimantan}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Balikpapan]]&lt;br&gt;{{small|{{coord|1|09|01.5|S|116|51|39.2|E|name=Kalimantan Institute of Technology|}}}}<br /> | B<br /> | [http://www.itk.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 014<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''[[Sumatera Institute of Technology]]'''&lt;br&gt;{{resize|90%|({{lang|id|Institut Teknologi Sumatera|italic=no}})}}<br /> | ITERA<br /> | 2014<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flag|Lampung}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[South Lampung Regency|South Lampung]]<br /> | {{small|Good}}<br /> | [http://www.itera.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 015<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''Habibie Institute of Technology'''&lt;br&gt;{{resize|90%|({{lang|id|Institut Teknologi Bacharuddin Jusuf Habibie|italic=no}})}}<br /> | ITH<br /> | 2014<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flag|South Sulawesi}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Parepare]]<br /> | <br /> | [http://www.ith.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Public polytechnics===<br /> Currently, there are 44 Public Polytechnics in Indonesia. They consist of 1 Electronic Engineering Polytechnic, 2 Manufacturing Polytechnics, 1 Maritime Polytechnic, 1 Fishery Polytechnic, 1 Shipbuilding Polytechnic, 4 Agricultural Polytechnics, and 34 &quot;general&quot; Polytechnics.<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! PT Code&lt;br /&gt;{{small|005-}}<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Abbrev.<br /> ! Founding Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Accred.<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 001<br /> | '''Bandung Polytechnic for Manufacturing'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Manufaktur Bandung''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLMAN<br /> | 1977, 24 March<br /> | [[Bandung]], [[West Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.polman-bandung.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 002<br /> | '''[[Jakarta State Polytechnic]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Jakarta''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| PNJ<br /> | 1982, 22 September<br /> | [[Depok]], [[West Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.pnj.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 003<br /> | '''Medan State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Medan''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLMED<br /> | 1982, 20 September<br /> | [[Medan]], [[North Sumatra]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.polmed.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 004<br /> | '''Bandung State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Bandung''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLBAN<br /> | 1979, 27 January<br /> | [[Bandung]], [[West Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.polban.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 005<br /> | '''Semarang State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Semarang''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLINES<br /> | 1982, 6 August<br /> | [[Semarang]], [[Central Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| A<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.polines.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 006<br /> | '''[[Sriwijaya State Polytechnics|Sriwijaya State Polytechnic]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLSRI<br /> | 1982, 20 September<br /> | [[Palembang]], [[South Sumatra]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.polsri.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 007<br /> | '''Lampung State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Lampung''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLINELA<br /> | 1984, 7 April<br /> | [[Bandar Lampung]], [[Lampung]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.polinela.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 008<br /> | '''Ambon State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Ambon''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLNAM<br /> | 1987, 5 October<br /> | [[Ambon, Maluku|Ambon]], [[Maluku (province)]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.polnam.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 009<br /> | '''[[Padang State Polytechnic]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Padang''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| PNP<br /> | 1985, 12 March<br /> | [[Padang, Indonesia|Padang]], [[West Sumatra]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.pnp.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 010<br /> | '''Bali State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Bali''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| PNB<br /> | 1985, 3 December<br /> | [[Kuta]], [[Bali]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.pnb.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 011<br /> | '''Pontianak State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Pontianak''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLNEP<br /> | 1985, 3 December<br /> | [[Pontianak, Indonesia|Pontianak]], [[West Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.polnep.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 012<br /> | '''Ujung Pandang State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Ujung Pandang''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| PNUP<br /> | 1987, 10 May<br /> | [[Makassar]], [[South Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.poliupg.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 013<br /> | '''Manado State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Manado''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLIMDO<br /> | 1987, 9 November<br /> | [[Manado]], [[North Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.polimdo.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 014<br /> | '''[[Surabaya Shipbuilding State Polytechnic]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Perkapalan Negeri Surabaya''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| PPNS<br /> | 1987, 17 September&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://jdih.kemdikbud.go.id/arsip/permendikbud_tahun2014_nomor042.pdf |title= PERATURAN MENTERI PENDIDIKAN DAN KEBUDAYAAN REPUBLIK INDONESIA |date=2014 |website=jdih.kemdikbud.go.id |access-date=2021-04-05}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | [[Surabaya]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| A<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.ppns.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 015<br /> | '''Banjarmasin State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Banjarmasin''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLIBAN<br /> | 1987, 13 July<br /> | [[Banjarmasin]], [[South Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;width:1%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://www.poliban.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 016<br /> | '''Lhokseumawe State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Lhokseumawe''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| PNL<br /> | 1987, 5 October<br /> | [[Lhokseumawe]], [[Aceh]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.pnl.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 017<br /> | '''Kupang State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Kupang''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| PNK<br /> | 1985, 11 March<br /> | [[Kupang]], [[East Nusa Tenggara]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.pnk.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 018<br /> | '''[[Electronic Engineering Polytechnic Institute of Surabaya]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Elektronika Negeri Surabaya''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| PENS<br /> | 1986, 29 May<br /> | [[Surabaya]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| A<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.pens.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 019<br /> | '''Jember State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Jember''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLIJE<br /> | 1988, 29 October<br /> | [[Jember]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.polije.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 020<br /> | '''Pangkajene Kepulauan State Polytechnic for Agriculture'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Pertanian Negeri Pangkajene Kepulauan''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLIPANGKEP<br /> | 1990, 9 September<br /> | [[Pangkajene and Islands Regency|Pangkep]], [[South Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.politanipangkep.com/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 021<br /> | '''Kupang State Agricultural Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Pertanian Negeri Kupang''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLITANIKOE<br /> | 1984, 7 April<br /> | [[Kupang]], [[East Nusa Tenggara]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[https://politanikoe.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 022<br /> | '''Tual State Polytechnic for Fisheries'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Perikanan Negeri Tual''}} <br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLIKANT<br /> | 1997, 18 July<br /> | [[Tual]], [[Maluku (province)|Maluku]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.polikant.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 023<br /> | '''Malang State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Malang''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLINEMA<br /> | 1979, 27 January<br /> | [[Malang]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.polinema.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 024<br /> | '''Samarinda State Agricultural Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Pertanian Negeri Samarinda''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLITANI Samarinda<br /> | 1997, 28 April<br /> | [[Samarinda]], [[East Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.politanisamarinda.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 025<br /> | '''Payakumbuh State Agricultural Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Pertanian Negeri Payakumbuh''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| PPNP<br /> | 1989, 6 February<br /> | [[Payakumbuh]], [[West Sumatra]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [https://politanipyk.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 026<br /> | '''Samarinda State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Samarinda''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLNES<br /> | 1985, 3 December<br /> | [[Samarinda]], [[East Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.polnes.ac.id/]<br /> |- <br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 027<br /> | '''Creative Media State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Media Kreatif''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLIMEDIA<br /> | 2008, 8 October <br /> | [[Jakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.polimedia.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 028<br /> | '''Bangka Belitung State Polytechnic for Manufacturing'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Manufaktur Negeri Bangka Belitung''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLMANBABEL<br /> | 2010, 18 October<br /> | [[Sungailiat]], [[Bangka Belitung Islands]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [https://www.polman-babel.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 029<br /> | '''Batam State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Batam''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLIBATAM<br /> | 2010, 18 October<br /> | [[Batam]], [[Riau Islands]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[https://www.polibatam.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 030<br /> | '''Nusa Utara State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Nusa Utara''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLNUSTAR<br /> | 2011, 22 June<br /> | [[Tahuna, Indonesia|Tahuna]], [[North Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [https://www.polnustar.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 031<br /> | '''Bengkalis State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Bengkalis''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLBENG<br /> | 2011, 29 July<br /> | [[Bengkalis Regency|Bengkalis]], [[Riau]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.polbeng.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 032<br /> | '''Balikpapan State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Balikpapan''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLTEKBA<br /> | 2011, 9 September<br /> | [[Balikpapan]], [[East Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://poltekba.ac.id/website/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 033<br /> | '''Madura State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Madura''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLTERA<br /> | 2012<br /> | [[Sampang Regency|Sampang]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.poltera.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 034<br /> | '''Indonesia Maritime State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Maritim Negeri Indonesia''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLIMARIN<br /> | 2012, 19 September<br /> | [[Semarang]], [[Central Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [https://polimarin.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 035<br /> | '''Banyuwangi State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Banyuwangi''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLIWANGI<br /> | 2008<br /> | [[Banyuwangi Regency|Banyuwangi]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [https://www.poliwangi.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 036<br /> | '''Madiun State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Madiun''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| PNM<br /> | 2012, 30 October<br /> | [[Madiun]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.pnm.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 037<br /> | '''Fakfak State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Fakfak''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLINEF<br /> | 2012<br /> | [[Fakfak]], [[West Papua (province)|West Papua]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [https://polinef.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 038<br /> | '''Sambas State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Sambas''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLTESA<br /> | 2007<br /> | [[Sambas Regency|Sambas]], [[West Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [https://poltesa.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 039<br /> | '''Tanah Laut State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Tanah Laut''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLITALA<br /> | 2009, 25 September<br /> | [[Tanah Laut Regency|Tanah Laut]], [[South Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.politala.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 040<br /> | '''Subang State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Subang''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLSUB<br /> | 2014, 1 April<br /> | [[Subang Regency|Subang]], [[West Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [https://www.polsub.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 041<br /> | '''Ketapang State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Ketapang''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLITAP<br /> | 2006<br /> | [[Ketapang]], [[West Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [https://politap.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 042<br /> | '''Cilacap State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Cilacap''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| PNC<br /> | 2014, 3 October<br /> | [[Cilacap Regency|Cilacap]], [[Central Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[https://pnc.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 043<br /> | '''Indramayu State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Indramayu''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLINDRA<br /> | 2008, 8 July&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://docplayer.info/50205964-Peraturan-menteri-riset-teknologi-dan-pendidikan-tinggi-republik-indonesia-nomor-70-tahun-2016-tentang-statuta-politeknik-negeri-indramayu.html|title=PERATURAN MENTERI RISET, TEKNOLOGI, DAN PENDIDIKAN TINGGI REPUBLIK INDONESIA NOMOR 70 TAHUN 2016 TENTANG STATUTA POLITEKNIK NEGERI INDRAMAYU - PDF Free Download|website=docplayer.info}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | [[Indramayu Regency|Indramayu]], [[West Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;width:1%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://www.polindra.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 044<br /> | '''Nunukan State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Nunukan''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| PNN<br /> | 2014, 8 October<br /> | [[Nunukan Regency|Nunukan]], [[North Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> <br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[https://www.pnn.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Public community colleges===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! PT Code&lt;br /&gt;{{small|006-}}<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Abbrev.<br /> ! Founding Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Accred.<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 001<br /> | '''State Community College of Pacitan'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Akademi Komunitas Negeri Pacitan''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| AKN Pacitan<br /> | 2013, 11 October<br /> | [[Pacitan Regency|Pacitan]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://aknpacitan.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 002<br /> | '''State Community College of Putra Sang Fajar Blitar'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Akademi Komunitas Negeri Putra Sang Fajar Blitar''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| AKB<br /> | 2014, 17 October<br /> | [[Blitar]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.akb.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 003<br /> | '''State Community College of West Aceh'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Akademi Komunitas Negeri Aceh Barat''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| AKN Aceh Barat<br /> | 2014, 17 October<br /> | [[West Aceh Regency|West Aceh]], [[Aceh]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.aknacehbarat.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 004<br /> | '''State Community College of Rejang Lebong'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Akademi Komunitas Negeri Rejang Lebong''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| AKREL<br /> | 2018, 4 April<br /> | [[Rejang Lebong Regency|Rejang Lebong]], [[Bengkulu]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.akrel.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 005<br /> | '''State Community College of Arts and Culture Yogyakarta'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Akademi Komunitas Negeri Seni dan Budaya Yogyakarta''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| AKNSB Yogyakarta<br /> | 2020<br /> | [[Bantul Regency|Bantul]], [[Special Region of Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.aknyogya.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Public Religious higher education institutions==<br /> Public religious higher education institutions (PTKN) are under the responsibility of the [[Ministry of Religious Affairs (Indonesia)|Ministry of Religious Affairs]]. Technically and academically, the development of state religious universities is carried out by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia (Kemdikbudristek), while functionally it is carried out by the Ministry of Religion, all covering the five recognized religions in Indonesia, but not including Confucianism. There are three types of higher education institutions in the Muslim category, Public Islamic Universities (UIN), Public Islamic Institutes (IAIN), and Public Islamic Colleges (STAIN). Public Christian Institutes (IAKN) and Public Protestant Christian Colleges (STAKPN) in the Protestant Christian category. Public Catholic Colleges (STAKATN) in the Catholic category. Public Hindu Universities (UHN), Public Hindu Institutes (IAHN), and Public Hindu Colleges (STAHN) in the Hindu category. Public Buddhist Colleges (STABN) in the Buddhist category.<br /> <br /> === Public Islamic higher education institutions ===<br /> <br /> ==== Public Islamic Universities ====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! PT Code&lt;br /&gt;{{small|201-}}<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Abbrev.<br /> ! Founding Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Accred.<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 001<br /> | '''[[Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University Jakarta|State Islamic University of Syarif Hidayatullah]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | UIN Jakarta<br /> | 1957, 1 June&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''Akademi Dinas Ilmu Agama'')}}<br /> | [[South Tangerang]], [[Tangerang]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://uinjkt.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 002<br /> | '''[[Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University|State Islamic University of Sunan Kalijaga]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Kalijaga''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | UIN Suka<br /> | 1951, 26 September&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Sunan Kalijaga'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2004, June 21&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Sleman Regency|Sleman]], [[Special Region of Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://uin-suka.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 003<br /> | '''[[Maulana Malik Ibrahim State Islamic University Malang|State Islamic University of Maulana Malik Ibrahim]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | UIN Malang<br /> | 1957, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2004, June 21&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Malang]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://uin-malang.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 004<br /> | '''[[Sunan Gunung Djati State Islamic University Bandung|State Islamic University of Sunan Gunung Djati]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Gunung Djati''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | UIN Bandung<br /> | 1968, 8 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Sunan Gunung Djati'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2005, 10 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Bandung]], [[West Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://uinsgd.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 005<br /> | '''[[Sultan Syarif Kasim II State Islamic University|State Islamic University of Sultan Syarif Kasim]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Syarif Kasim''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | UIN Suska<br /> | 1970, 19 September&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Sulthan Syarif Qasim'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2005, 4 January&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Pekanbaru]], [[Riau]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://uin-suska.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 006<br /> | '''[[Alauddin Islamic State University|State Islamic University of Alauddin]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | UIN Alauddin<br /> | 1965, 28 October<br /> | [[Makassar]], [[South Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://uin-alauddin.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 007<br /> | '''[[Sunan Ampel State Islamic University Surabaya|State Islamic University of Sunan Ampel]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Ampel''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | UINSA<br /> | 1965&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Sunan Ampel'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2013, 1 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Surabaya]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://uinsby.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 008<br /> | '''[[State Islamic University of North Sumatra]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | UINSU<br /> | 1973, 19 November&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Sumatera Utara'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2014, 17 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Medan]], [[North Sumatra]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://uinsu.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 009<br /> | '''[[Raden Fatah State Islamic University|State Islamic University of Raden Fatah]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Fatah''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | UIN Palembang<br /> | 1964, 13 November&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Raden Fatah'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2014, 17 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Palembang]], [[South Sumatra]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://radenfatah.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 010<br /> | '''[[Walisongo State Islamic University|State Islamic University of Walisongo]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | UIN Walisongo<br /> | 1970, 6 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Walisongo'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2013, 1 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Semarang]], [[Central Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | A<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://walisongo.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 011<br /> | '''[[Ar-Raniry State Islamic University|State Islamic University of Ar-Raniry]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | UINAR<br /> | 1960&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Ar-Raniry'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2013, 1 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(s current university)}}<br /> | [[Banda Aceh]], [[Aceh]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://ar-raniry.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 012<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Sultan Maulana Hasanuddin'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Maulana Hasanuddin''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | UIN Banten<br /> | 2017, 7 April<br /> | [[Serang]], [[Banten]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://uinbanten.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 013<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Imam Bonjol'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Imam Bonjol''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | UINIB<br /> | 1966, 29 November&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Imam Bonjol'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2017, 7 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Padang]], [[West Sumatra]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://uinib.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 014<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Raden Intan'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Intan''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | UINRIL<br /> | 1968, 26 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Raden Intan'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2017, 3 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Bandar Lampung]], [[Lampung]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://radenintan.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 015<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Mataram'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Mataram''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | UIN Mataram<br /> | 1966&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Mataram'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2017, 7 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Mataram (city)|Mataram]], [[West Nusa Tenggara]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://uinmataram.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 016<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Sultan Thaha Saifuddin'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Thaha Saifuddin''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | UINSTS<br /> | 1967, 8 September&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Sultan Thaha Saifuddin'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2017, 7 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Jambi (city)]], [[Jambi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://uinjambi.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 017<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Antasari'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Antasari''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | UIN Antasari<br /> | 1964, 20 November&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Antasari'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2017, 3 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Banjarmasin]], [[South Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://uin-antasari.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 018<br /> | '''International Islamic University of Indonesia'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Internasional Indonesia''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | UIII<br /> | 2016, 29 June<br /> | [[Depok]], [[West Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://uii.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 019<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Sayyid Ali Rahmatullah'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Sayyid Ali Rahmatullah''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | UIN Satu<br /> | 2021, 11 May<br /> | [[Tulungagung Regency|Tulungagung]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://uinsatu.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 020<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Professor Kiai Haji Saifuddin Zuhri'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Profesor Kiai Haji Saifuddin Zuhri''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | UIN Saizu<br /> | 1997, 21 Maret&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Purwokerto'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2014&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Purwokerto'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2021, 11 May&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Purwokerto]], [[Central Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://uinsaizu.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 021<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Raden Mas Said'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Mas Said''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | UIN Surakarta<br /> | 1992, 12 September&lt;br /&gt;1997&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Surakarta'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2011&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Surakarta'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2021, 11 May&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Surakarta]], [[Central Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://uinsaid.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 022<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Sultan Aji Muhammad Idris'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Aji Muhammad Idris''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | UINSI<br /> | 1997, 21 Maret&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Samarinda'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2014&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Samarinda'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2021, 11 May&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Samarinda]], [[East Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://uinsi.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 023<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Kiai Haji Achmad Siddiq'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Kiai Haji Achmad Siddiq''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | UINKHAS<br /> | 1997, 21 Maret&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Jember'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2014&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Jember'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2021, 11 May&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Jember Regency|Jember]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://uinkhas.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 024<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Fatmawati Sukarno'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Fatmawati Sukarno''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | UINFAS<br /> | 1997, 21 Maret&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Bengkulu'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2014&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Bengkulu'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2021, 11 May&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Bengkulu (city)]], [[Bengkulu]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://uinfasbengkulu.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 025<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Datokarama'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Datokarama''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | UIN Palu<br /> | 1997, 21 Maret&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Datokarama'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2021, 8 July&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Palu]], [[Central Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [https://uindatokarama.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 026<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Mahmud Yunus'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Mahmud Yunus''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | UIN Batusangkar<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Batusangkar'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2015, 23 December&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Batusangkar'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2022, 8 Juny&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Tanah Datar Regency|Tanah Datar]], [[West Sumatra]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://uinmybatusangkar.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 027<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Sjech M. Djamil Djambek'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Sjech M. Djamil Djambek''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | UIN Bukittinggi<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Bukittinggi'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2014, 18 December&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Bukittinggi'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2022, 8 Juny&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Bukittinggi]], [[West Sumatra]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [https://uinbukittinggi.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 028<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Kiai Haji Abdurrahman Wahid'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Kiai Haji Abdurrahman Wahid''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | UIN Pekalongan<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Pekalongan'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2016, 1 August&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Pekalongan'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2022, 8 Juny&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Pekalongan]], [[Central Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://uingusdur.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 029<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Syekh Ali Hasan Ahmad Addary'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Syekh Ali Hasan Ahmad Addary''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | UIN Syahda<br /> | 1997, 21 Maret&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Padangsidimpuan'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2013, 30 July&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Padangsidimpuan'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2022, 8 Juny&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Padang Sidempuan]], [[North Sumatra]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://uinsyahada.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 030<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Salatiga'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Salatiga''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | UIN Salatiga<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Salatiga'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2014, 17 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Salatiga'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2022, 8 Juny&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Salatiga]], [[Central Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://uinsalatiga.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 031<br /> | '''State Cyber Islamic University of Syekh Nurjati'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Siber Syekh Nurjati''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | UINSSC<br /> | 1997, 21 Maret&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Cirebon'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2009, 10 November&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Syekh Nurjati'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2024&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Cirebon]], [[West Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://syekhnurjati.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==== Public Islamic Institutes ====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! PT Code&lt;br /&gt;{{small|202-}}<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Abbrev.<br /> ! Founding Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Accred.<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 009<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Ambon'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Ambon''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | IAIN Ambon<br /> | 1997, 21 Maret&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Ambon'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2006, 9 December&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Ambon, Maluku|Ambon]], [[Maluku (province)|Maluku]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://iainambon.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 010<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Sultan Amai'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Sultan Amai''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | IAIN Gorontalo<br /> | 1997, 21 Maret&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Sultan Amai'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2004, 18 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Gorontalo (city)|Gorontalo]], [[Gorontalo]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://iaingorontalo.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 020<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Manado'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Manado''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | IAIN Manado<br /> | 1997, 30 June&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Manado'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2014, 17 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Manado]], [[North Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://iain-manado.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 021<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Palopo'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Palopo''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | IAIN Palopo<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Palopo'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2014, 17 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Palopo]], [[South Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://iainpalopo.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 022<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Sultan Qaimuddin'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Sultan Qaimuddin''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | IAIN Kendari<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Kendari'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2014, 17 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Kendari]], [[Southeast Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://iainkendari.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 024<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Ternate'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Ternate''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | IAIN Ternate<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Ternate'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2013, 30 July&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Ternate]], [[North Maluku]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://iain-ternate.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 025<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Zawiyah Cot Kala'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Zawiyah Cot Kala''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | IAIN Langsa<br /> | 1980, 14 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Langsa'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2014, 17 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Langsa]], [[Aceh]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://iainlangsa.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 026<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Palangka Raya'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Palangka Raya''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | IAIN Palangka Raya<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Pangka Raya'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2014, 17 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Palangka Raya]], [[Central Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://iain-palangkaraya.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 030<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Pontianak'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Pontianak''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | IAIN Pontianak<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Pontianak'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2013, 6 August&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Pontianak]], [[West Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://iainptk.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 033<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Metro'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Metro''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | IAIN Metro<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Jurai Siwo'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2016, 1 August&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Metro (city)|Metro]], [[Lampung]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://metrouniv.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 035<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Ponorogo'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Ponorogo''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | IAIN Ponorogo<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Ponorogo'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2016, 1 August&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Ponorogo]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://iainponorogo.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 036<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Kerinci'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Kerinci''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | IAIN Kerinci<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Kerinci'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2016, 1 August&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Kerinci Regency|Kerinci]], [[Jambi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://iainkerinci.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 037<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Lhokseumawe'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Lhokseumawe''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | IAIN Lhokseumawe<br /> | 2016, 1 August<br /> | [[Lhokseumawe]], [[Aceh]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://iainlhokseumawe.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 038<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Parepare'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Parepare''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | IAIN Parepare<br /> | 2008, 20 June&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Parepare'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2018, 5 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Parepare]], [[South Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://iainpare.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 039<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Curup'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Curup''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | IAIN Curup<br /> | 1997, 19 September&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Curup'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2018, 5 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Rejang Lebong Regency|Rejang Lebong]], [[Bengkulu]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://iainpare.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 040<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Fattahul Muluk'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Fattahul Muluk''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | IAIN Jayapura<br /> | 2006, 20 July&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Al-Fatah'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2018, 5 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Jayapura]], [[Papua (province)|Papua]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://iainfmpapua.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 041<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Kudus'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Kudus''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | IAIN Kudus<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Kudus'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2018, 5 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Kudus, Indonesia|Kudus]], [[Central Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://iainkudus.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 042<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Madura'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Madura''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | IAIN Madura<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Pamekasan'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2018, 5 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Pamekasan Regency|Pamekasan]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://iainmadura.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 043<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Syaikh Abdurrahman Siddik'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Syaikh Abdurrahman Siddik''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | IAIN Babel<br /> | 2004, 18 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Syaikh Abdurrahman Siddik'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2018, 5 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Bangka Regency|Bangka]], [[Bangka Belitung Islands]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://iainsasbabel.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 044<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Bone'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Bone''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | IAIN Bone<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Watampone'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2018, 5 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Bone Regency|Bone]], [[South Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://iain-bone.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 045<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Kediri'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Kediri''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | IAIN Kediri<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Kediri'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2018, 5 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Kediri (city)|Kediri]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://iainkediri.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 046<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Sorong'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Sorong''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | IAIN Sorong<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Sorong'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2020, 20 February&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Sorong]], [[West Papua (province)|West Papua]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://iainsorong.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 047<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Takengon'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Takengon''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | IAIN Takengon<br /> | 2012, 25 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Gajah Putih'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2020, 28 February&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Central Aceh Regency|Central Aceh]], [[Aceh]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://iain-takengon.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==== Public Islamic Colleges ====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! PT Code&lt;br /&gt;{{small|203-}}<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Abbrev.<br /> ! Founding Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Accred.<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 034<br /> | '''State Islamic College of Teungku Dirundeng Meulaboh'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Negeri Teungku Dirundeng Meulaboh''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | STAIN Meulaboh<br /> | 2014, 19 September<br /> | [[West Aceh Regency|West Aceh]], [[Aceh]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://staindirundeng.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 035<br /> | '''State Islamic College of Bengkalis'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Negeri Bengkalis''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | STAIN Bengkalis<br /> | 2014, 19 September<br /> | [[Bengkalis Regency|Bengkalis]], [[Riau]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://kampusmelayu.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 036<br /> | '''State Islamic College of Majene'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Negeri Majene''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | STAIN Majene<br /> | 2016, 31 August<br /> | [[Majene Regency|Majene]], [[West Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://stainmajene.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 037<br /> | '''State Islamic College of Mandailing Natal'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Negeri Mandailing Natal''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | STAIN Madina<br /> | 2019, 25 January<br /> | [[Mandailing Natal Regency|Mandailing Natal]], [[North Sumatra]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://stain-madina.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 038<br /> | '''State Islamic College of Sultan Abdurrahman'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Negeri Sultan Abdurrahman Kepulauan Riau''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | STAIN Kepri<br /> | 2017, 13 March<br /> | [[Bintan Regency|Bintan]], [[Riau Islands]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://stainkepri.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === Public Christian higher education institutions ===<br /> <br /> ==== Public Christian Institutes ====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! PT Code&lt;br /&gt;{{small|222-}}<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Abbrev.<br /> ! data-sort-type=&quot;date&quot; | Founding Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Acred.&lt;ref name=&quot;banpt&quot; /&gt;<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |Link<br /> |-<br /> | 001<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | '''State Christian Institute of Tarutung'''<br /> {{small|''Institut Agama Kristen Negeri Tarutung''}}<br /> | IAKN Tarutung<br /> | 1 March 2018<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | [[North Sulawesi]]<br /> | Good<br /> | [http://iakntarutung.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 002<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | '''State Christian Institute of Manado'''<br /> {{small|''Institut Agama Kristen Negeri Manado''}}<br /> | IAKN Manado<br /> | 1 March 2018<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | [[North Sulawesi]]<br /> | Good<br /> | [https://iaknmanado.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 003<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | '''State Christian Institute of Ambon'''<br /> {{small|''Institut Agama Kristen Negeri Ambon''}}<br /> | IAKN Ambon<br /> | 1 March 2018<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | [[Maluku (province)|Maluku]]<br /> | B<br /> | [https://iaknmanado.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 004<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | '''State Christian Institute of Toraja'''<br /> {{small|''Institut Agama Kristen Negeri Toraja''}}<br /> | IAKN Toraja<br /> | 23 January 2020<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | [[South Sulawesi]]<br /> | Good<br /> | [http://iakntoraja.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 005<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | '''State Christian Institute of Kupang'''<br /> {{small|''Institut Agama Kristen Negeri Kupang''}}<br /> | IAKN Kupang<br /> | 23 January 2020<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | [[East Nusa Tenggara]]<br /> | Good<br /> | [http://www.iaknkupang.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 006<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | '''State Christian Institute of Palangka Raya'''<br /> {{small|''Institut Agama Kristen Negeri Palangka Raya''}}<br /> | IAKN Palangka Raya<br /> | 23 January 2020<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | [[Central Kalimantan]]<br /> |<br /> | [http://www.iaknkupang.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==== Public Protestant Christian Colleges ====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! PT Code&lt;br /&gt;{{small|223-}}<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Abbrev.<br /> ! data-sort-type=&quot;date&quot; | Founding Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Acred.&lt;ref name=&quot;banpt&quot; /&gt;<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |Link<br /> |-<br /> | 006<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |'''State Protestant Christian College of Sentani'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Sekolah Tinggi Agama Kristen Protestan Negeri Sentani''}}<br /> | STAKPN Sentani<br /> | 10 April 2001<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | [[Papua (province)|Papua]]<br /> | Good<br /> | [http://stakpnsentani.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === Public Catholic Colleges ===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! PT Code&lt;br /&gt;{{small|263-}}<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Abbrev.<br /> ! data-sort-type=&quot;date&quot; | Founding Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Acred.&lt;ref name=&quot;banpt&quot; /&gt;<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |Link<br /> |-<br /> | 001<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |'''State Catholic College of Pontianak'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Sekolah Tinggi Agama Katolik Negeri Pontianak''}}<br /> | STAKATN Pontianak<br /> | 6 April 2017<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | [[West Kalimantan]]<br /> | Good<br /> | [http://www.stakatnptk.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === Public Hindu higher education institutions ===<br /> <br /> ==== Public Hindu Universities ====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! PT Code&lt;br /&gt;{{small|241-}}<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Abbrev.<br /> ! data-sort-type=&quot;date&quot; | Founding Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Acred.&lt;ref name=&quot;banpt&quot; /&gt;<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |Link<br /> |-<br /> | 001<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |'''State Hindu University of I Gusti Bagus Sugriwa'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Hindu Negeri I Gusti Bagus Sugriwa''}}<br /> | UHN Sugriwara<br /> | 23 January 2020<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | [[Bali]]<br /> | Very Good<br /> | [http://www.stakatnptk.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==== Public Hindu Institutes ====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! PT Code&lt;br /&gt;{{small|242-}}<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Abbrev.<br /> ! data-sort-type=&quot;date&quot; | Founding Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Acred.&lt;ref name=&quot;banpt&quot; /&gt;<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |Link<br /> |-<br /> | 002<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |'''State Hindu Institute of Tampung Penyang'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Hindu Negeri Tampung Penyang''}}<br /> | IAHN TP<br /> | 6 September 1986<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | [[Central Kalimantan]]<br /> | Good<br /> | [https://iahntp.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 003<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |'''State Hindu Institute of Gde Pudja'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Hindu Negeri Gde Pudja''}}<br /> | IAHN Gde Pudja<br /> | 11 July 2001<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | [[West Nusa Tenggara]]<br /> | Good<br /> | [https://iahn-gdepudja.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==== Public Hindu Colleges ====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! PT Code&lt;br /&gt;{{small|243-}}<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Abbrev.<br /> ! data-sort-type=&quot;date&quot; | Founding Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Acred.&lt;ref name=&quot;banpt&quot; /&gt;<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |Link<br /> |-<br /> | 008<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |'''State Hindu College of Mpu Kuturan'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Sekolah Tinggi Agama Hindu Negeri Mpu Kuturan''}}<br /> | STAHN Mpu Kuturan<br /> | 21 March 2016<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | [[Bali]]<br /> | Very Good<br /> | [http://www.stakatnptk.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === Public Buddhist higher education institutions ===<br /> <br /> ==== Public Buddhist Colleges ====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! PT Code&lt;br /&gt;{{small|242-}}<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Abbrev.<br /> ! data-sort-type=&quot;date&quot; | Founding Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Acred.&lt;ref name=&quot;banpt&quot; /&gt;<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |Link<br /> |-<br /> | 001<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |'''State Buddhist College of Sriwijaya'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Sekolah Tinggi Agama Buddha Negeri Sriwijaya''}}<br /> | STABN Sriwijaya<br /> | 20 May 2002<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | [[Banten]]<br /> | B<br /> | [https://iahntp.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 002<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |'''State Buddhist College of Raden Wijaya'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Sekolah Tinggi Agama Buddha Negeri Raden Wijaya''}}<br /> | STABN Raden Wijaya<br /> | 25 January 2007<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | [[Central Java]]<br /> | B<br /> | [https://iahn-gdepudja.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Service higher education institutions ==<br /> Service higher education institutions are higher education institution that are under the auspices of government institutions (ministries) as education providers with a civil service bond or cadreship system.<br /> <br /> === Ministry of Home Affairs ===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! PT Code&lt;br /&gt;{{small|342-}}<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Abbrev.<br /> ! data-sort-type=&quot;date&quot; | Founding Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Acred.&lt;ref name=&quot;banpt&quot; /&gt;<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |Link<br /> |-<br /> | 001<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|'''Institute of Home Affairs'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;Institut Pemerintahan Dalam Negeri&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | IPDN<br /> | 1956<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | [[West Java]]<br /> | Very Good<br /> | [https://ipdn.ac.id]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources ===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! PT Code&lt;/br&gt;{{small|355-}}<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Abbrev.<br /> ! data-sort-type=&quot;date&quot; | Founding Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Acred.&lt;ref name=&quot;banpt&quot; /&gt;<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |Link<br /> |-<br /> | 001<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |'''Akamigas Energy and Mineral Polytechnic'''&lt;/br&gt;&lt;small&gt;Politeknik Energi dan Mineral Akamigas&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | PEM AKAMIGAS<br /> | 1967<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | [[Central Java]]<br /> | B<br /> | [https://www.akamigas.ac.id]<br /> |-<br /> | 002<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |'''Bandung Energy and Mining Polytechnic'''&lt;/br&gt;&lt;small&gt;Politeknik Energi dan Pertambangan Bandung&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | PEP BANDUNG<br /> | 2019<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | [[West Java]]<br /> | Good<br /> | [https://pepbandung.ac.id]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === Ministry of Law and Human Rights ===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! PT Code&lt;br&gt;{{small|365-}}<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Abbrev.<br /> ! data-sort-type=&quot;date&quot; | Founding Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Acred.&lt;ref name=&quot;banpt&quot; /&gt;<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |Link<br /> |-<br /> | 001<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |'''Correctional Science Polytechnic'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;Politeknik Ilmu Pemasyarakatan&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | POLTEKIP<br /> | 1962<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | [[West Java]]<br /> |<br /> | [http://www.poltekip.ac.id]<br /> |-<br /> | 002<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |'''Immigration Polytechnic'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;Politeknik Imigrasi&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | POLTEKIM<br /> | 1962<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | [[West Java]]<br /> |<br /> | [https://poltekim.ac.id]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === Ministry of Communications and Informatics ===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! PT Code&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;373-&lt;/small&gt;<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Abbrev.<br /> ! data-sort-type=&quot;date&quot; | Founding Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Acred.&lt;ref name=&quot;banpt&quot; /&gt;<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |Link<br /> |-<br /> | 001<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |'''MMTC Multi Media College'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;Sekolah Tinggi Multi Media MMTC Yogyakarta&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | STMM <br /> MMTC<br /> | 2014<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | [[Special Region of Yogyakarta|Yogyakarta]]<br /> |B<br /> | [http://mmtc.ac.id]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Private universities==<br /> These notable private universities are owned, funded and managed by private organizations, including those affiliated with Islamic ([[Muhammadiyah]]), Catholic or Christian socio-religious organizations.<br /> <br /> ===Jakarta===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Name in English !!style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Name in Indonesian !!style=&quot;width:5%;&quot;|Acronym !!style=&quot;width:5%;&quot;|Foundation !! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; style=&quot;width:5%;&quot; |Reference !!style=&quot;width:15%;&quot;|Website<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Al-Azhar University of Indonesia]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Al-Azhar Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UAI<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1960<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.uai.ac.id/|title= Official website |website=uai.ac.id|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230105043930/http://www.uai.ac.id/ |access-date=2023-01-05|archive-date= 2023-01-05 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.uai.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Asian Banking Finance and Informatic Institute Perbanas<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|STIE Perbanas <br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|ABFI-PERBANAS<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1969<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.perbanasinstitute.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Katolik Atma Jaya<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|STMIK Jakarta STI&amp;K<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1960<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;|{{url|http://www.atmajaya.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Bakrie University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Bakrie<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| UB<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|2006<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bakrie.ac.id/en/|title=Experience The Real Things &amp;#124; Universitas Bakrie|website=Bakrie.ac.id}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.bakrie.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Binus University|Bina Nusantara University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Bina Nusantara<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|Binus University<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1985<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.binus.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Bina Sarana Informatika|Bina Sarana Informatika University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Bina Sarana Informatika<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UBSI<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1988<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.bsi.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Borobudur University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Borobudur<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1982<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.universitasborobudur.ac.id/|title= Official website |website=Universitasborobudur.ac.id|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110609043930/http://www.universitasborobudur.ac.id/ |access-date=2021-04-05|archive-date= 2011-06-09 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.universitasborobudur.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Budi Luhur University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Budi Luhur<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UBL<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1979<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://pendaftaran.budiluhur.ac.id/|title=Beranda &amp;#124; PMB ONLINE Universitas Budi Luhur - Kampus Cerdas Berbudi Luhur|website=pendaftaran.budiluhur.ac.id}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.budiluhur.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Universitas Kristen Indonesia|Christian University of Indonesia]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Kristen Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UKI<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1953<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.uki.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Darma Persada University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Darma Persada<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNSADA<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1986<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.unsada.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;| Dian Nusantara University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Dian Nusantara<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNDIRA<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=id&amp;u=https://undira.ac.id/&amp;prev=search&amp;pto=aue|title=Google Translate|website=translate.google.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;|{{URL|https://undira.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Esa Unggul University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Esa Unggul<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UEU<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1993<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.esaunggul.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Indonesia Institute for Life Science<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Institut Bio Scientia Internasional Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|i3L<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|2013<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://i3l.ac.id/info/|title=i3L Undergraduate Program - Speak To Our Admission Team|website=I3l.ac.id|access-date=5 April 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;|{{URL|http://www.i3L.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[YARSI University|Indonesia Islamic Hospital Foundation University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Yayasan Rumah Sakit Islam Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|YARSI<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1967<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.yarsi.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Indraprasta PGRI University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Indraprasta PGRI<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNINDRA<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1982<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.unindra.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Informatics Management and Computer University of Jakarta<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Sekolah Tinggi Manajemen Informatika dan Komputer Jakarta<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|STMIK<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|2000<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.jak-stik.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Jakarta Institute of Arts<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Institut Kesenian Jakarta<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|IKJ<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1970<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.ikj.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Telkom University Jakarta<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Telkom Jakarta<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|Tel-U<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|2023<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-03-14 |title=Universitas Telkom Jakarta {{!}} &quot;Creating the Future&quot; |url=https://jakarta.telkomuniversity.ac.id/ |access-date=2024-03-15 |website=jakarta.telkomuniversity.ac.id |language=id-ID}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|https://jakarta.telkomuniversity.ac.id/}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Krida Wacana Christian University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Kristen Krida Wacana<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UKRIDA<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1967<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.ukrida.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Mercu Buana University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Mercubuana<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMB<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1985<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://pendaftaran.mercubuana.ac.id/|title=Pendaftaran Mercu Buana|first=Pendaftaran Mercu|last=Buana|website=pendaftaran.mercubuana.ac.id}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.mercubuana.ac.id}} <br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Muhammadiyah University of Jakarta<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMJ<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1955<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.umj.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Universitas Nasional|National University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Nasional<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNAS<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1949<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.unas.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Nusantara Institute of Business<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Institut Bisnis Nusantara<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|IBN<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1986<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.ibn.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Pancasila University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Pancasila<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UP<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1966<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.univpancasila.ac.id/index.php|title= Official website |website=Univpancasila.ac.id|access-date=2021-04-05}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.univpancasila.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Paramadina University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Paramadina<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UPM/PARMAD<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1998<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.paramadina.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Persada Indonesia - Indonesia Administration Foundation University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Persada Indonesia Yayasan Administrasi Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UPI YAI<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1985<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.yai.ac.id/upi/|title= Official website |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20111123121651/http://www.yai.ac.id/upi/ |access-date=2021-04-05|archive-date= 2011-11-23 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.yai.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|PPM School of Management<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Pendidikan dan Pembinaan Manajemen<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|PPM<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1967<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://ppm-manajemen.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Prof. Dr. HAMKA Muhammadiyah University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof. Dr. HAMKA<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UHAMKA<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1960<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.uhamka.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Prof. Moestopo University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Prof. Moestopo (Beragama)<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1961<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.moestopo.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;| Raffles Institute of Higher Education<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Raffles Institute of Higher Education<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|Raffles@Citywalk<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|2009<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Respati University of Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Respati Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|URINDO<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1978<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.urindo.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Sahid University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Sahid<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|USAHID<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1988<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://usahid.ac.id/|title= Official website |website=usahid.ac.id/|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150624021223/http://usahid.ac.id/ |access-date=2021-04-05|archive-date= 2015-06-24 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://usahid.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Tarumanagara University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Tarumanagara<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNTAR<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1962<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.tarumanagara.ac.id/|title= Official website |website=Tarumanagara.ac.id|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090427063641/http://www.tarumanagara.ac.id/ |access-date=2021-04-05|archive-date= 2009-04-27 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Trisakti University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Trisakti<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|USAKTI<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1965<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.trisakti.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[University of Bunda Mulia]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Bunda Mulia<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UBM<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1986<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.ubm.ac.id}}<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Banten===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[BINUS University Alam Sutera Main Campus]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Bina Nusantara Kampus Alam Sutera<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|BINUS<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2010<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Tangerang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.binus.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[International University Liaison Indonesia]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Lintas Internasional Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|IULI<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2014<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Tangerang]] <br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.iuli.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Multimedia Nusantara University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Media Nusantara<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNIMEDIA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2006<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|Gading [[Tangerang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.unimedia.ac.id/|title= Official website |website=Unimedia.ac.id|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110521140715/http://www.unimedia.ac.id/ |access-date=2021-04-05|archive-date= 2011-05-21 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Pamulang University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Pamulang<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNPAM<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2000<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[South Tangerang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://unpam.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Pelita Harapan University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Pelita Harapan<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UPH<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1993<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Karawaci, Tangerang|Karawaci]], [[Tangerang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.uph.edu/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Perguruan Tinggi Raharja]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Perguruan Tinggi Raharja Tangerang<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|RAHARJA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1994<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Tangerang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.raharja.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Prasetiya Mulya University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Prasetiya Mulya<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|PMBS, Prasmul, PMSBE<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1982<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[South Tangerang]] and [[Jakarta]] <br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.pmsbe.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Serang Raya University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Serang Raya<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNSERA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2001<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Serang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.unsera.ac.id]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Surya University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Surya<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|SU<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2013<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Tangerang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.surya.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Swiss German University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Swiss German University<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|SGU<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2000<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[South Tangerang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.sgu.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Syech Yusuf Islamic University of Tangerang<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Islam Syekh Yusuf Tangerang<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNIS<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1966<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Tangerang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.unistangerang.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Technology Institute of Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Institut Teknologi Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|ITI<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1984<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Tangerang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.iti.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===West Java===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Bandung Islamic University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Islam Bandung<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNISBA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1958<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Bandung]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.unisba.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Djuanda University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Djuanda<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNIDA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1987<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Bogor]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.unida.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Gunadarma University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Gunadarma<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|GUNDAR<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1981<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Depok]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.gunadarma.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; | [[Horizon University Indonesia]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; | Universitas Horizon Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; | HORIZONU<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; | 1991<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; | [[Karawang Regency|Karawang]]<br /> |[https://horizon.ac.id 22]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Ibn Khaldun University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Universitas Ibn Khaldun Bogor<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |UIKA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |1961<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bandung|Bogor]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.uika-bogor.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Indonesian Computer University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Universitas Komputer Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |UNIKOM<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |2001<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bandung]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.unikom.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Islamic 45 University of Bekasi<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Universitas Islam 45 Bekasi<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |UNISMA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |1982<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bekasi]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.unismabekasi.ac.id/]<br /> <br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Jayabaya University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Universitas Jayabaya<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |UJ<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |1958<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bogor]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.jayabaya.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |General Achmad Yani University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |UNJANI<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |1974<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Cimahi]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.unjani.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Langlangbuana University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Universitas Langlangbuana<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |UNLA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |1982<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bandung]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.unla.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |[[Maranatha Christian University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Universitas Kristen Maranatha<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |UKM<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |1965<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bandung]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.maranatha.edu/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |[[National Institute of Technology (Indonesia)|National Institute of Technology]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Institut Teknologi Nasional<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |ITENAS<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |1972<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bandung]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.itenas.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Nusantara Islamic University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Universitas Islam Nusantara<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |UNINUS<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |1959<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bandung]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.uninus.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Pakuan University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Universitas Pakuan<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |UNPAK<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |1980<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bogor]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.unpak.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |[[Universitas Katolik Parahyangan|Parahyangan Catholic University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Universitas Katolik Parahyangan<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |UNPAR<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |1955<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bandung]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.unpar.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Pasundan University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Universitas Pasundan<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |UNPAS<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |1960<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bandung]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.unpas.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |[[President University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Universitas Presiden<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |PresUniv<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |2001<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bekasi Regency|Bekasi]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.president.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Technology College of Garut<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi Garut<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |STTG<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |1991<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Garut]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.sttgarut.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |[[Telkom University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Telkom University<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |Tel-U<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |2013<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bandung]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.telkomuniversity.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |[https://uniku.ac.id Universitas Kuningan]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Universitas Kuningan<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |UNIKU<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |2003<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Kuningan]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.uniku.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Widyatama University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Universitas Widyatama<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |Widyatama<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |1973<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bandung]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.widyatama.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Kesatuan Institute of Business and Informatics<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Institut Bisnis dan Informatika Kesatuan<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |IBIK<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |1953<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bogor]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.ibik.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |PASIM National University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Universitas Nasional PASIM<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; | UNAS PASIM<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; | 1996<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bandung]]<br /> |[https://pasim.ac.id/sejarah]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Sony Sugema College of Information Technology<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi Informatika Sony Sugema<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |STTI<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |2001<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bandung]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[https://sttiss.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Yogyakarta Special Region===<br /> {{main|List of universities in Yogyakarta}}<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Ahmad Dahlan University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Ahmad Dahlan<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UAD<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1960<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.uad.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[AKPRIND Institute of Science and Technology]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Institut Sains dan Teknologi AKPRIND<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|IST AKPRIND<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1970<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.akprind.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Atma Jaya University, Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Atmajaya Yogyakarta<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UAJY<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1965<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.uajy.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[University of Amikom Yogyakarta|College of Information Management and Computer Science AMIKOM Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|STMIK AMIKOM Yogyakarta<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|AMIKOM<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1992<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.amikom.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Duta Wacana Christian University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Kristen Duta Wacana<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UKDW<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1945<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.ukdw.ac.id/2009/id/ |title=Universitas Kristen Duta Wacana |access-date=2011-05-27 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110602061852/http://www.ukdw.ac.id/2009/id/ |archive-date=2011-06-02 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Islamic University of Indonesia]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Islam Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UII<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1945<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.uii.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Mercu Buana University, Yogyakarta<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Mercubuana Yogyakarta<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMBY<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1985<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://mercubuana-yogya.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Muhammadiyah University of Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMY<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1980<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.umy.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Sanata Dharma University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Sanata Dharma<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|USD<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1955<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.usd.ac.id/en]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Aisyiyah University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Aisyiyah<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNISA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1991<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://stikes-aisyiyah-jogja.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; | General Achmad Yani University of Yogyakarta<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; | Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani Yogyakarta<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; | UNJAYA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; | 2018<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; | [[Sleman Regency|Sleman]]<br /> |<br /> [https://unjaya.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Central Java===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Academy of Information and Computer Management PGRI]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Akademi Manajemen Informatika dan Komputer PGRI<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|AMIK PGRI<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1993<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Kebumen Regency|Kebumen]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.amik-kebumen.ac.id]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[:id:Universitas STEKOM|University of Computer Science &amp; Technology]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Sains &amp; Teknologi Komputer<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|Univ STEKOM<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2020<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Semarang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://stekom.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Amikom University of Purwokerto<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Amikom Purwokerto<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|AMPU<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2005<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Purwokerto]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://www.amikompurwokerto.ac.id Link]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[ATMI Polytechnic]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Politeknik ATMI<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|ATMI<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1968<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Surakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.atmi.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Dharma Patria Polytechnic]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Politeknik Dharma Patria<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|POLDA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2002<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Kebumen Regency|Kebumen]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.politeknik-kebumen.ac.id]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Dian Nuswantoro University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Dian Nuswantoro<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UDINUS<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2001<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Semarang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.dinus.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Muhammadiyah Institute of Technology]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi Muhammadiyah<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|STTM<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2001<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Kebumen Regency|Kebumen]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.sttm.ac.id]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Muhammadiyah University of Magelang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMMGL<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1964<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Magelang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Official website|url=https://www.amikompurwokerto.ac.id|access-date=2021-06-28|website=amikompurwokerto.ac.id}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Muhammadiyah University of Purwokerto<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwoketo<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMP<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1964<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Purwokerto]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.ump.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Muhammadiyah University of Purworejo<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Purworejo<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMP<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1964<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Purworejo]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.um-pwr.ac.id/|title= Official website |website=Um-pwr.ac.id|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100801064525/http://www.um-pwr.ac.id/ |access-date=2021-04-05|archive-date= 2010-08-01 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Muhammadiyah University of Semarang<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNIMUS<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1997<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Semarang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://unimus.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMS<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1960<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Surakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.ums.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Muria Kudus University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muria Kudus<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMK<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1982<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Kudus, Indonesia|Kudus]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.umk.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Nahdlatul Ulama Islamic Institute ]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Institut Agama Islam Nahdlatul Ulama<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|IAINU<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1987<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Kebumen Regency|Kebumen]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.iainu-kebumen.ac.id]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Nahdlatul Ulama Islamic University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Islam Nahdlatul Ulama<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNISNU<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1991<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Jepara]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.unisnu.ac.id]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Nahdlatul Ulama Ma'arif University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Ma'arif Nahdlatul Ulama<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMNU<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2014<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Kebumen Regency|Kebumen]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.umnu-kebumen.ac.id] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200620023217/http://umnu-kebumen.ac.id/ |date=2020-06-20 }}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Putra Bangsa University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Putra Bangsa<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UPB<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2001<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Kebumen Regency|Kebumen]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.stieputrabangsa.ac.id]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Qur'anic Science University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Sains Al Qur'an<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNSIQ<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1988<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Wonosobo Regency|Wonosobo]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.unsiq.ac.id]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Satya Wacana Christian University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UKSW<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1956<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Salatiga]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.uksw.edu/id/|title= Official website |website=Uksw.edu|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110529082944/http://www.uksw.edu/id/ |access-date=2021-04-05|archive-date= 2011-05-29 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Soegijapranata Catholic University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Katolik Soegijapranata<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1964<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Semarang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.unika.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Sultan Agung Islamic University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Universitas Islam Sultan Agung]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNISSULA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1962<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Semarang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://unissula.ac.id Link]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===East Java===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|17 August 1945 University Surabaya<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Surabaya<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNTAG<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1958<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Surabaya]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.untag-sby.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Bina Nusantara University Malang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Bina Nusantara Malang<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|BINUS Malang<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2015<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Malang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://binus.ac.id/malang/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Ciputra University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Ciputra<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UC<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2006<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Surabaya]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://ciputra.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Institute of Health Education<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Institut Ilmu Kesehatan<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|IIK<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1985<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Kediri (city)|Kediri]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.iik.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Kertanegara University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu ekonomi Kertanegara Malang<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|STIEKMA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1982<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Malang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.stiekma.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Muhammadiyah University of Gresik<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Gresik<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMG<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1987<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Gresik]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.umg.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Muhammadiyah University of Jember<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Jember<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|Unmuh Jember<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1987<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Jember]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Home: Muhammadiyah University of Jember |url=http://www.unmuhjember.ac.id/ |access-date=February 17, 2024 |website=www.unmuhjember.ac.id}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;| Muhammadiyah University of Malang<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMM<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1964<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Malang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.umm.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Muhammadiyah University of Sidoarjo<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMSIDA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1987<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Sidoarjo]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.umsida.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Muhammadiyah University of Surabaya<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|Unmuh Surabaya<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1964<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Surabaya]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.um-surabaya.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Pelita Harapan University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Pelita Harapan<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UPH<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1993<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Surabaya]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://www.uph.edu//]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Petra Christian University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Kristen Petra<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UKP<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1961<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Surabaya]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.petra.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[University of Surabaya]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Surabaya<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UBAYA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1966<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Surabaya]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.ubaya.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Widya Mandala Catholic University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Katolik Widya Mandala<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UKWMS / WM<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1960<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Surabaya]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.ukwms.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Wijaya Kusuma University, Surabaya]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Wijaya Kusuma Surabaya<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UWK<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1980<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Surabaya]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://uwks.ac.id//]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Wijaya Putra University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Wijaya Putra<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UWP<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1981<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Surabaya]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://uwp.ac.id//]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Telkom University Surabaya<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Telkom Surabaya<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|Tel-U<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;| 2023<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Surabaya]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://surabaya.telkomuniversity.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Kiai Haji Achmad Siddiq State Islamic University Jember]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Islam Negeri Kiai Haji Achmad Siddiq Jember<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UINKHAS<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1997<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Jember]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://stain-jember.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|PGRI MADIUN University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas PGRI MADIUN<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNIPMA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1976<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Madiun]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://ikippgri-madiun.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===North Sumatra===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[HKBP Nommensen University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas HKBP Nommensen<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;| UHN<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1954<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Medan]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://uhn.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Islamic University of North Sumatra<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Islam Sumatera Utara<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UISU<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1953<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Medan]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.uisu.ac.id/ |title= Official website |website=unismuh.ac.id|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20111019142806/http://www.uisu.ac.id/ |access-date=2021-04-05|archive-date= 2011-10-19 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Methodist University of Indonesia]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Methodist Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMI<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1965<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Medan]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.umi-mdn.edu/|title= Official website |website=unismuh.ac.id|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110517033030/http://www.umi-mdn.edu/ |access-date=2021-04-05|archive-date= 2011-05-17 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Royal College of Information and Computer Management]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Sekolah Tinggi Manajemen Informatika dan Komputer Royal<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;| STMIK Royal<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1995<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Kisaran]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://stmiktoyal.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Bengkulu===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Muhammadiyah University of Bengkulu<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Bengkulu<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMB<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1970<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Bengkulu]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.umb.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===South Sumatra===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Muhammadiyah University of Palembang<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Palembang<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMP<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1984<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Palembang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://umpalembang.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[University of Palembang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Palembang<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNPAL<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1982<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Palembang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://unpal.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Lampung===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Muhammadiyah University of Metro<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Metro<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UM Metro<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1991<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Metro, Indonesia]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.ummetro.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Raden Intan Lampung State Islamic University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Intan Lampung<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UINRIL<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1968<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Bandar Lampung]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://iainlampung.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===North Sulawesi===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[De La Salle University (Indonesia)|De La Salle Catholic University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Katolik De La Salle Manado<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2000<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Manado]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.unikadelasalle.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Klabat University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Klabat<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1965<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Manado]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Southeast Sulawesi===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Avicenna College of Health Sciences]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Avicenna<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|STIK Avicenna<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1965<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Kendari]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://stik-avicenna.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===South Sulawesi===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Christian University of Indonesia, Toraja<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Kristen Indonesia, Toraja<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UKIT<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1992<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Tana Toraja]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://ukitoraja.ac.id/webx/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|East Indonesia University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Indonesia Timur<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UIT<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2001<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Makassar]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Indonesia Education Board Management College<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Manajemen Lembaga Pendidikan Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|STIM LPI<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1980<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Makassar]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Indonesian Muslim University Makassar<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muslim Indonesia Makassar<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMI<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1954<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Makassar]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.umi.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Muhammadiyah University Makassar<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Makassar<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMM<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1963<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Makassar]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://unismuh.ac.id/web |title= Official website |website=unismuh.ac.id|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180204202714/http://unismuh.ac.id/web |access-date=2021-04-05|archive-date= 2018-02-04 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Republic of Indonesia Veteran University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Veteran Republik Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UVRI<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1977<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Makassar]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Bali===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Stenden University Bali]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Stenden University Bali<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|SUB<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2009<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Kuta Utara]] [[Badung]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[University of National Education]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Pendidikan Nasional<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNDIKNAS<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1969<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Denpasar]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Universitas Pendidikan Nasional – Undiknas Kampus Milenial |url=http://undiknas.ac.id/ |access-date=2024-02-17 |language=id-ID}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Warmadewa University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Warmadewa<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNWAR<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1983<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Denpasar]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Universitas Warmadewa {{!}} Bermutu, Berintegritas, Berwawasan Lingkungan Kepariwisataan |url=https://www.warmadewa.ac.id/ |access-date=2024-02-17 |website=warmadewa.ac.id}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===East Nusa Tenggara===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Artha Wacana Christian University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Kristen Artha Wacana<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UKAW<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1985<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Kupang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Universitas Kristen Artha Wacana |url=http://ukarthawacana.blogspot.com/ |access-date=2024-02-17 |website=ukarthawacana.blogspot.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===West Papua===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> |30%;&quot;|Muhammadiyah STKIP of Sorong<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|STKIP Muhammadiyah Sorong <br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|STKIP Muh Sorong<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2004<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Sorong (city)|Sorong]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.stkipmuhsorong.ac.id/ |title=Official website |website= www.stkipmuhsorong.ac.id|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180518200203/http://www.stkipmuhsorong.ac.id/ |access-date=2021-04-05|archive-date=2018-05-18 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Riau===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Nurul Hidayah Islamic College]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Nurul Hidayah<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|STAI<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2000<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Selat Panjang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://nurulhidayah.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===West Sumatra===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[National Teacher Training and Education College]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Sekolah Tinggi Keguruan Dan Ilmu Pendidikan Nasional<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|STKIP<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2009<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Padang Pariaman]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://stkip-nasional.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Other institutions==<br /> <br /> Institutions of higher education regulated by Indonesia's Ministry of National Education that are authorized to confer degrees, but without the status of universities include:<br /> <br /> * [[Astra Manufacturing Polytechnic]] (Polman), [[Jakarta]]<br /> * [[Indonesian State College of Accountancy]] (STAN), [[South Tangerang]]<br /> <br /> == Image gallery ==<br /> {{Gallery|File:ITB 1.jpg|alt4=Diponegoro University, Semarang|22=[[Udayana University]], [[Bali]]|23=File:Gate universitas andalas 02.jpg|24=[[Andalas University]], [[Padang]]|alt1=Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung|alt2=Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta|alt3=University of Indonesia, Jakarta|alt5=Airlangga University, Surabaya|20=[[Sebelas Maret University]], [[Surakarta]]|title=|alt6=University of Brawijaya, Malang|alt7=Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology, Surabaya|alt8=Bogor Agricultural Institute, Bogor|alt9=Padjadjaran University, Bandung|alt10=Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta|alt11=Udayana University, Bali|21=File:Udayana rectorate building.jpg|19=File:Sebelas Maret University entrance gate.JPG|[[Bandung Institute of Technology]], [[Bandung]]|9=File:Universitas Airlangga.jpg|File:Gedung Pusat (Rektorat) UGM.jpg|[[Gadjah Mada University]], [[Yogyakarta]]|File:No 18 Rektorat Universitas Indonesia.jpg|[[University of Indonesia]], [[Jakarta]]|File:Widya puraya undip.jpg|[[Diponegoro University]], [[Semarang]]|10=[[Airlangga University]], [[Surabaya]]|18=[[Padjadjaran University]], [[Bandung]]|11=File:MonumenTuguUB.jpg|12=[[University of Brawijaya]], [[Malang]]|13=File:Its library front.JPG|14=[[Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology]], [[Surabaya]]|15=File:BogorAgriculturalUniversityEntrance.jpg|16=[[IPB University|Bogor Agricultural Institute]], [[Bogor]]|17=File:Rectorate of University of Padjadjaran.jpg|alt12=Andalas University, Padang}}<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[Education in Indonesia]]<br /> * [[Seleksi Nasional Berdasarkan Tes|Test-Based National Selection]] (SNBT)<br /> * [[List of Indonesian agricultural universities and colleges]]<br /> * [[Union of Catholic University Students of the Republic of Indonesia]] (PMKRI)<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{notelist}}{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110512205214/http://kemdiknas.go.id/ Ministry of National Education of Indonesia]<br /> * [https://web.archive.org/web/20150923151942/http://ban-pt.kemdiknas.go.id/ National Accreditation Board for Higher Education]<br /> * [http://carikampus.com/ Social Indonesia University Listing]<br /> <br /> {{Universities in Indonesia|state=expanded}}<br /> {{Asia topic|List of universities in}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Universities In Indonesia}}<br /> [[Category:Universities in Indonesia|*]]<br /> [[Category:Indonesia education-related lists]]<br /> [[Category:Lists of universities and colleges in Asia|Indonesia]]<br /> [[Category:Lists of universities and colleges in Indonesia| ]]<br /> [[Category:Lists of universities and colleges by country|Indonesia]]<br /> <br /> [[id:Daftar perguruan tinggi di Indonesia]]<br /> [[jv:Dhaptar perguruan tinggi ing Indonésia]]</div> Xbypass https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_universities_in_Indonesia&diff=1240926874 List of universities in Indonesia 2024-08-18T09:01:13Z <p>Xbypass: /* Ministry of Law and Human Rights */</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|none}}<br /> {{Incomplete list|date=September 2011}}<br /> <br /> This is a '''list of [[University|universities]], colleges, polytechnics and other [[higher education in Indonesia]]'''.<br /> <br /> According to the former Directorate General of Higher Education (now part of the Ministry of Research, Technology, &amp; Higher Education), in 2022 there were 4,004 higher education institutions (3,820 private and 184 public).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Statistik Indonesia 2024 |url=https://www.bps.go.id/id/publication/2024/02/28/c1bacde03256343b2bf769b0/statistik-indonesia-2024.html |access-date=2024-03-02 |language=id-ID}}&lt;/ref&gt; Higher education in Indonesia offers, academic degrees, vocational degrees, and professional degrees. They are provided by the following types of institutions:<br /> <br /> * '''Community Academy''' provides vocational education for diploma one and/or diploma two programs in regencies/municipalities based on local excellence or to meet special needs.<br /> * '''Academy''', offers vocational education in a number of fields of common origin such as a military academy and nursing academy.<br /> * '''Polytechnic''', offers vocational education, and/or professional education in various fields<br /> * '''Specialised College''' (''Sekolah Tinggi''), offers academic education and can provide vocational and/or professional education in 1 (one) specific cluster<br /> * '''Institute''', offers academic education and can provide vocational and/or professional education in a number of fields of common origin (technological cluster for example)<br /> * '''University''', offers academic education, and can provide vocational education, and/or professional education in various fields<br /> <br /> There are several levels of degrees that can be achieved in higher education, which are split into six levels:<br /> <br /> * '''D1 - Ahli Pratama''' (A.P.) is a one year education program consisting of 32 credits and a final assignment in the form of practical work and scientific work reports. The title translates to &quot;Primary Expert&quot;.<br /> * '''D2 - Ahli Muda''' (A.Ma.) is a two year education program consisting of 64 credits. The title translates to &quot;Young Expert&quot;.<br /> * '''D3 - Ahli Madya''' (A.Md.) is a three year higher education programm consisting of 112 credits. The title translates to &quot;Associate Expert&quot;.<br /> * '''D4 - Sarjana Terapan''' (S.Tr.) is a four year higher education programm consisting of 144 credits. The title translates to &quot;Bachelor of Applied [...]&quot; followed by the subject.<br /> * '''S1 - Sarjana''' is a four to seven years higher education program, depending on the university, which requires a scientific thesis. This is equivalent to a Bachelor's degree.<br /> * '''S2 - Magister''' is a one to two year graduate program which requires a scientific thesis. This is equivalent to a Master's degree.<br /> * '''S3 - Doktor:''' is a three to seven years graduate program which requires a scientific dissertation.<br /> <br /> ==Public higher education institutions==<br /> There are 125 public higher education institutions divided into 63 public universities, 13 Institutes, 44 Polytechnics, and 5 Community Colleges.<br /> <br /> ===Public universities===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! PT Code&lt;br /&gt;{{small|001-}}<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Abbrev.<br /> ! Founding Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Accred.&lt;ref name=&quot;banpt&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Badan Akreditasi Nasional–Perguruan Tinggi|trans-title=National Accreditation Organization for Higher Education|url=https://www.banpt.or.id/direktori/institusi/pencarian_institusi.php|access-date=2022-01-03}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 001<br /> | '''[[Gadjah Mada University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Gadjah Mada''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UGM<br /> | 1949, 19 December <br /> | [[Sleman]] and [[Yogyakarta]], [[Special Region of Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Universitas Gadjah Mada |url=https://ugm.ac.id/id/ |access-date=2024-02-17 |website=ugm.ac.id |language=id-ID}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 002<br /> | '''[[University of Indonesia]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Indonesia''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UI<br /> | 1849, 2 January {{small|(as ''Dokter-Djawa School Batavia'')}}&lt;br /&gt;1950, 2 February {{small|(as ''Universiteit Indonesia'')}}&lt;br /&gt;1955, 11 July {{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Jakarta]] and [[Depok]], [[West Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Universitas Indonesia |url=https://www.ui.ac.id/ |access-date=2024-02-17 |website=Universitas Indonesia |language=id-ID}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 003<br /> | '''[[University of North Sumatra]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Sumatera Utara''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| USU<br /> | 1952, 20 August<br /> | [[Medan]], [[North Sumatra]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Beranda {{!}} Universitas Sumatera Utara |url=https://www.usu.ac.id/id |access-date=2024-02-17 |website=Website Universitas Sumatera Utara}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 004<br /> | '''[[Airlangga University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Airlangga''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNAIR<br /> | 1954, 1 November<br /> | [[Surabaya]], [[East Java]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|7|16|18|S|112|45|29|E}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Beranda UNAIR |url=https://unair.ac.id/ |access-date=2024-02-17 |website=Universitas Airlangga Official Website |language=id-ID}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 005<br /> | '''[[University of Hasanuddin]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Hasanuddin''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNHAS<br /> | 1956, 10 September<br /> | [[Makassar]], [[South Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unhas.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 006<br /> | '''[[Universitas Andalas|Andalas University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Andalas''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNAND<br /> | 1955, 13 September <br /> | [[Padang]], [[West Sumatra]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unand.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 007<br /> | '''[[Padjadjaran University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Padjadjaran''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNPAD<br /> | 1957, 11 September<br /> | [[Bandung]] and Jatinangor, [[West Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unpad.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 008<br /> | '''[[Diponegoro University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Diponegoro''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNDIP<br /> | 1957, 9 January<br /> | [[Semarang]], [[Central Java]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|-7.049|110.438|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.undip.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 009<br /> | '''[[Sriwijaya University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Sriwijaya''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNSRI<br /> | 1960, 29 October<br /> | [[Palembang]] and Indralaya, [[South Sumatra]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unsri.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 010<br /> | '''[[Lambung Mangkurat University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Lambung Mangkurat''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| ULM<br /> | 1958, 1 September <br /> | [[Banjarmasin]] and [[Banjarbaru]], [[South Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| A<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.ulm.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 011<br /> | '''[[Syiah Kuala University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Syiah Kuala''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| USK<br /> | 1961, 2 September<br /> | [[Banda Aceh]], [[Aceh]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.usk.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 012<br /> | '''[[Sam Ratulangi University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Sam Ratulangi''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNSRAT<br /> | 1965, 14 September<br /> | [[Manado]], [[North Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unsrat.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 013<br /> | '''[[Udayana University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Udayana''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNUD<br /> | 1962, 17 August<br /> | [[Badung]], [[Bali]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|8|47|56|S|115|10|19|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unud.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 014<br /> | '''[[University of Nusa Cendana]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Nusa Cendana''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNDANA<br /> | 1962, 1 September<br /> | [[Kupang]], [[East Nusa Tenggara]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|-10.1545227|123.6590252|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.undana.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 015<br /> | '''[[Mulawarman University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Mulawarman''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNMUL<br /> | 1962, 27 September <br /> | [[Samarinda]], [[East Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unmul.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 016<br /> | '''[[University of Mataram]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Mataram''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNRAM<br /> | 1962, 1 October<br /> | [[Mataram (city)|Mataram]], [[West Nusa Tenggara]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unram.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 017<br /> | '''[[University of Riau]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Riau''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNRI<br /> | 1962, 1 September<br /> | [[Pekanbaru]], [[Riau]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|0.4764|101.3806|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| A<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unri.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 018<br /> | '''[[Cenderawasih University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Cenderawasih''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNCEN<br /> | 1962, 10 November<br /> | [[Jayapura]], [[Papua (province)|Papua]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.uncen.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 019<br /> | '''[[University of Brawijaya]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Brawijaya''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UB<br /> | 1963, 5 January<br /> | [[Malang]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.ub.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 020<br /> | '''[[University of Jambi]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Jambi''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNJA<br /> | 1963, 26 March<br /> | [[Jambi (city)]], [[Jambi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unja.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 021<br /> | '''[[Pattimura University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Pattimura''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNPATTI<br /> | 1963, 23 April<br /> | [[Ambon, Maluku|Ambon]], [[Maluku (province)|Maluku]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unpatti.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 022<br /> | '''[[Tanjungpura University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Tanjungpura''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNTAN<br /> | 1959, 20 May<br /> | [[Pontianak, Indonesia|Pontianak]], [[West Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| A<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.untan.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 023<br /> | '''[[Jenderal Soedirman University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Jenderal Soedirman''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNSOED<br /> | 1963, 23 September <br /> | [[Purwokerto]] and [[Purbalingga]], [[Central Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| A<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unsoed.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 024<br /> | '''[[University of Palangkaraya]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Palangkaraya''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UPR<br /> | 1963, 10 November <br /> | [[Palangka Raya]], [[Central Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.upr.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 025<br /> | '''[[University of Jember]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Jember''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNEJ<br /> | 1964, 10 November <br /> | [[Jember]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.unej.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 026<br /> | '''[[Lampung University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Lampung''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNILA<br /> | 1965, 22 September<br /> | [[Bandar Lampung]], [[Lampung]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|5|21|52.24|S|105|14|36.38|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unila.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 027<br /> | '''[[Sebelas Maret University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Sebelas Maret''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNS<br /> | 1976, 11 March<br /> | [[Surakarta]], [[Central Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.uns.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 028<br /> | '''[[Tadulako University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Tadulako''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNTAD<br /> | 1981, 1 May<br /> | [[Palu]], [[Central Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.untad.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 029<br /> | '''[[Haluoleo University|Halu Oleo University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Halu Oleo''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UHO<br /> | 1981, 19 August<br /> | [[Kendari]], [[Southeast Sulawesi]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|4|0|31.72|S|122|31|21.65|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.uho.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 030<br /> | '''[[University of Bengkulu]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Bengkulu''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNIB<br /> | 1982, 24 April<br /> | [[Bengkulu (city)]], [[Bengkulu]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|3|45|35.27|S|102|16|20.8|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unib.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 031<br /> | '''[[Universitas Terbuka|Indonesia Open University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Terbuka''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UT<br /> | 1984, 4 September <br /> | [[South Tangerang]], [[Banten]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|6| 20|41.6|S|106|45|29.11|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| A<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.ut.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 032<br /> | '''[[State University of Padang]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Negeri Padang''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNP<br /> | 1954, 23 October<br /> | [[Padang]], [[West Sumatra]]&lt;br /&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unp.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 033<br /> | '''[[State University of Malang]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Negeri Malang''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UM<br /> | 1954, 18 October<br /> | [[Malang]] and [[Blitar]], [[East Java]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|7|57|46.78|S|112|37|6.41|E}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.um.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 034<br /> | '''[[Indonesia University of Education]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UPI<br /> | 1954, 20 October<br /> | [[Bandung]], [[West Java]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|6|51|48.24|S|107|35|39.48|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.upi.edu/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 035<br /> | '''[[State University of Manado]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Negeri Manado''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNIMA<br /> | 1955, 22 September<br /> | [[Minahasa Regency|Minahasa]], [[North Sulawesi]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|1|15|59.7|N|124|52|59.4|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unima.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 036<br /> | '''[[State University of Makassar]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Negeri Makassar''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNM<br /> | 1961, 1 August<br /> | [[Makassar]], [[South Sulawesi]]&lt;br /&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unm.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 037<br /> | '''[[State University of Jakarta]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Negeri Jakarta''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNJ<br /> | 1964, 16 May <br /> | [[Jakarta]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|6|11|40.2|S|106|52|43.7|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unj.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 038<br /> | '''[[Yogyakarta State University|State University of Yogyakarta]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNY<br /> | 1964, 21 May <br /> | [[Sleman]] and [[Yogyakarta]], [[Special Region of Yogyakarta]]&lt;br /&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.uny.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 039<br /> | '''[[State University of Surabaya]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Negeri Surabaya''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNESA<br /> | 1964, 19 December<br /> | [[Surabaya]], [[East Java]]&lt;br /&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unesa.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 040<br /> | '''[[State University of Medan]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Negeri Medan''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNIMED<br /> | 1956<br /> | [[Medan]], [[North Sumatra]]&lt;br /&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| A<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unimed.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 041<br /> | '''[[State University of Semarang]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Negeri Semarang''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNNES<br /> | 1965<br /> | [[Semarang]], [[Central Java]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|7|2| 55.4|S|110|23|22.7|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unnes.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 042<br /> | '''[[Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNTIRTA<br /> | 1981<br /> | [[Serang]] and [[Cilegon]], [[Banten]]&lt;br /&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.untirta.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 043<br /> | '''[[Trunojoyo University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Trunojoyo''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNIJOYO<br /> | 1964, 15 August<br /> | [[Bangkalan Regency|Bangkalan]], [[East Java]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{Coord|7|7|39.9|S|112|43|23.1|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.trunojoyo.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 044<br /> | '''[[Khairun University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Khairun''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNKHAIR<br /> | 1964, 15 August<br /> | [[Ternate]], [[North Maluku]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{Coord|0|45|45.2|N|127|20|10.6|E}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unkhair.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 045<br /> | '''[[University of Papua]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Papua''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNIPA<br /> | 2000, 3 November<br /> | [[Manokwari]], [[West Papua (province)|West Papua]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unipa.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 046<br /> | '''[[Malikussaleh University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Malikussaleh''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNIMAL<br /> | 1969, 12 June<br /> | [[North Aceh Regency|North Aceh]], [[Aceh]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|5|14|2.56|N|96|59|14.22|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unimal.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 047<br /> | '''[[State University of Gorontalo]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Negeri Gorontalo''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNG<br /> | 1963, 1 September<br /> | [[Gorontalo (city)|Gorontalo]], [[Gorontalo]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|0|33|23.07|N|123|3|48.98|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.ung.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 048<br /> | '''[[Ganesha University of Education]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNDIKSHA<br /> | 2006, 11 Mei<br /> | [[Singaraja]], [[Bali]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| A<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.undiksha.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 049<br /> | '''[[University of Bangka Belitung]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Bangka Belitung''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UBB<br /> | 2006, 12 April<br /> | [[Pangkalpinang]], [[Bangka Belitung]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|2|4|11.8|S|106|4|38.7|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.ubb.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 050<br /> | '''[[Borneo Tarakan University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Borneo Tarakan''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UBT<br /> | 1999, 9 October<br /> | [[Tarakan]], [[North Kalimantan]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|3|18|11.3|N|117|38|55.8|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.ubt.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 051<br /> | '''[[Musamus Merauke University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Musamus Merauke''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNMUS<br /> | 2001, 26 January<br /> | [[Merauke]], [[South Papua]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|8|31|54.7|S|140|25|1.5|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}} <br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unmus.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 052<br /> | '''[[:id:Universitas Maritim Raja Ali Haji|Raja Ali Haji Maritime University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Maritim Raja Ali Haji''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UMRAH<br /> | 2007, 1 August<br /> | [[Tanjungpinang]], [[Riau Islands]]&lt;br /&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}} <br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.umrah.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 053<br /> | '''[[Samudra University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Samudra''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNSAM<br /> | 1985, 22 October<br /> | [[Langsa]], [[Aceh]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|4|27|27.4|N|97|58|17.3|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}} <br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unsam.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 054<br /> | '''[[Universitas Sulawesi Barat|University of West Sulawesi]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Sulawesi Barat''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNSULBAR<br /> | 2004, 22 September<br /> | [[Majene]], [[West Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unsulbar.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 055<br /> | '''[[Sembilanbelas November University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Sembilanbelas November''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| USN<br /> | 1984, 16 April<br /> | [[Kolaka Regency|Kolaka]], [[Southeast Sulawesi]]&lt;br /&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.usn.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 056<br /> | '''[[Tidar University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Tidar''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNTIDAR<br /> | 1980<br /> | [[Magelang]], [[Central Java]]&lt;br /&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B <br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.untidar.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 057<br /> | '''[[Siliwangi University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Siliwangi''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNSIL<br /> | 1978<br /> | [[Tasikmalaya]], [[West Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B <br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unsil.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 058<br /> | '''[[Teuku Umar University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Teuku Umar''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UTU<br /> | 2006, 10 November<br /> | [[Meulaboh]], [[Aceh]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|4|8|44.2|N|96|11|50.4|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.utu.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 059<br /> | '''[[University of Pembangunan Nasional Veteran|University of National Development &quot;Veteran&quot; East Java]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Pembangunan Nasional &quot;Veteran&quot; Jawa Timur''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UPNVJT<br /> | 1959, 5 July<br /> | [[Surabaya]], [[East Java]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|7|20|0| S|112|47|24|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| A<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.upnjatim.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 060<br /> | '''[[Timor University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Timor''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNIMOR<br /> | 2000, 16 July<br /> | [[North Central Timor Regency|North Central Timor]], [[East Nusa Tenggara]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{Coord|9|30|45.7|S|124|30|41.8|E}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unimor.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 061<br /> | '''[[:id:Universitas Pembangunan Nasional &quot;Veteran&quot; Jakarta|University of National Development &quot;Veteran&quot; Jakarta]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Pembangunan Nasional &quot;Veteran&quot; Jakarta''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UPNVJ<br /> | 1967, 21 February <br /> | [[Jakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.upnvj.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 062<br /> | '''[[:id:Universitas Pembangunan Nasional &quot;Veteran&quot; Yogyakarta|University of National Development &quot;Veteran&quot; Yogyakarta]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Pembangunan Nasional &quot;Veteran&quot; Yogyakarta''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UPNYK<br /> | 1958, 15 December<br /> | [[Sleman]], [[Special Region of Yogyakarta]]&lt;br /&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B <br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.upnyk.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 063<br /> | '''[[University of Singaperbangsa Karawang]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Singaperbangsa Karawang''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNSIKA<br /> | 1982, 2 February<br /> | [[Karawang]], [[West Java]]&lt;br /&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B <br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unsika.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Public institutes===<br /> <br /> There are 13 Public Institutes in Indonesia: 5 Institutes of Technology, 1 Institute of Agriculture, 4 Institute of Arts (ISI), and 3 Institute of Arts and Culture (ISBI).<br /> <br /> Two more Institute of Arts and Culture is planned in East Kalimantan and South Sulawesi. However, ISBI Kaltim and ISBI Sulsel in form of ISI Yogyakarta and ISI Surakarta's PSDKU has no definite timeline in being separated.<br /> <br /> {{Sticky header}}{{Sort under}}<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable sticky-header-multi sort-under&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;width:5%&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Code&lt;br&gt;{{small|002-}}<br /> ! style=&quot;width:30%&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| Name<br /> ! style=&quot;width:10%&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| Abbrev.<br /> ! style=&quot;width:10%&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Year Founded<br /> ! style=&quot;width:30%&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot;| Location<br /> ! style=&quot;width:10%&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Accred.<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; style=&quot;width:5%&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ref<br /> |-<br /> ! Province<br /> ! City<br /> |-<br /> | 001<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''[[Bandung Institute of Technology]]'''&lt;br&gt;{{resize|90%|({{lang|id|Institut Teknologi Bandung|italic=no}})}}<br /> | ITB<br /> | 1920<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flag|West Java}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Bandung]]&lt;br&gt;{{small|{{coord|6|53|27.25|S|107|36|37.36|E|name=Bandung Institute of Technology|}}}}<br /> | {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | [http://www.itb.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 002<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''[[Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology]]'''&lt;br&gt;{{resize|90%|({{lang|id|Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember|italic=no}})}}<br /> | ITS<br /> | 1957<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flag|East Java}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Surabaya]]&lt;br&gt;{{small|{{coord|7|16|54|S|112|47|41|E|name=Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology|}}}}<br /> | {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | [http://www.its.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 003<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''[[IPB University]]'''&lt;br&gt;{{resize|90%|({{lang|id|Institut Pertanian Bogor|italic=no}})}}<br /> | IPB<br /> | 1963<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flag|West Java}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Bogor Regency|Bogor]]<br /> | {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | [http://www.ipb.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 005<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''[[Indonesian Institute of the Arts, Yogyakarta]]'''&lt;br&gt;{{resize|90%|({{lang|id|Institut Seni Indonesia Yogyakarta|italic=no}})}}<br /> | ISI Yogyakarta<br /> | 1984<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flag|Special Region of Yogyakarta}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Bantul Regency|Bantul]]&lt;br&gt;{{small|{{coord|7|51|08.6|S|110|21|21.21|E|name=Indonesian Institute of the Arts, Yogyakarta}}}}<br /> | A<br /> | [http://www.isi.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 007<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''[[Indonesian Institute of the Arts, Denpasar]]'''&lt;br&gt;{{resize|90%|({{lang|id|Institut Seni Indonesia Denpasar|italic=no}})}}<br /> | ISI Denpasar<br /> | 1967<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flag|Bali}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Denpasar]]&lt;br&gt;{{small|{{coord|8|39|12.93|S|115|13|57.5|E|name=Indonesian Institute of the Arts, Denpasar|}}}}<br /> | A<br /> | [https://www.isi-dps.ac.id]<br /> |-<br /> | 008<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''[[Indonesian Institute of the Arts, Surakarta]]'''&lt;br&gt;{{resize|90%|({{lang|id|Institut Seni Indonesia Surakarta|italic=no}})}}<br /> | ISI Surakarta<br /> | 1964<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flag|Central Java}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Surakarta]]<br /> | {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | [http://www.isi-ska.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 009<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''Indonesian Institute of the Arts, Padang Panjang'''&lt;br&gt;{{resize|90%|({{lang|id|Institut Seni Indonesia Padang Panjang|italic=no}})}}<br /> | ISI Padang Panjang <br /> | 1965<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flag|West Sumatra}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Padang Panjang]]<br /> | B<br /> | [http://www.isi-padangpanjang.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 010<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''[[Bandung Institute of Indonesian Arts and Culture]]'''&lt;br&gt;{{resize|90%|({{lang|id|Institut Seni Budaya Indonesia Bandung|italic=no}})}}<br /> | ISBI Bandung<br /> | 1968<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flag|West Java}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Bandung]]<br /> | {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | [https://www.isbi.ac.id]<br /> |-<br /> | 011<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''Aceh Institute of Indonesian Arts and Culture'''&lt;br&gt;{{resize|90%|({{lang|id|Institut Seni Budaya Indonesia Aceh|italic=no}})}}<br /> | ISBI Aceh<br /> | 2014<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flag|Aceh}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Aceh Besar Regency|Great Aceh]]<br /> | {{small|Good}}<br /> | [http://isbiaceh.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 012<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''Tanah Papua Institute of Indonesian Arts and Culture'''&lt;br&gt;{{resize|90%|({{lang|id|Institut Seni Budaya Indonesia Tanah Papua|italic=no}})}}<br /> | ISBI Tanah Papua<br /> | 2014<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flag|Papua}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Jayapura]]<br /> | <br /> | [http://isbi-tanahpapua.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 013<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''[[Kalimantan Institute of Technology]]'''&lt;br&gt;{{resize|90%|({{lang|id|Institut Teknologi Kalimantan|italic=no}})}}<br /> | ITK<br /> | 2014<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flag|East Kalimantan}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Balikpapan]]&lt;br&gt;{{small|{{coord|1|09|01.5|S|116|51|39.2|E|name=Kalimantan Institute of Technology|}}}}<br /> | B<br /> | [http://www.itk.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 014<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''[[Sumatera Institute of Technology]]'''&lt;br&gt;{{resize|90%|({{lang|id|Institut Teknologi Sumatera|italic=no}})}}<br /> | ITERA<br /> | 2014<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flag|Lampung}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[South Lampung Regency|South Lampung]]<br /> | {{small|Good}}<br /> | [http://www.itera.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 015<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''Habibie Institute of Technology'''&lt;br&gt;{{resize|90%|({{lang|id|Institut Teknologi Bacharuddin Jusuf Habibie|italic=no}})}}<br /> | ITH<br /> | 2014<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flag|South Sulawesi}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Parepare]]<br /> | <br /> | [http://www.ith.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Public polytechnics===<br /> Currently, there are 44 Public Polytechnics in Indonesia. They consist of 1 Electronic Engineering Polytechnic, 2 Manufacturing Polytechnics, 1 Maritime Polytechnic, 1 Fishery Polytechnic, 1 Shipbuilding Polytechnic, 4 Agricultural Polytechnics, and 34 &quot;general&quot; Polytechnics.<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! PT Code&lt;br /&gt;{{small|005-}}<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Abbrev.<br /> ! Founding Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Accred.<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 001<br /> | '''Bandung Polytechnic for Manufacturing'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Manufaktur Bandung''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLMAN<br /> | 1977, 24 March<br /> | [[Bandung]], [[West Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.polman-bandung.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 002<br /> | '''[[Jakarta State Polytechnic]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Jakarta''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| PNJ<br /> | 1982, 22 September<br /> | [[Depok]], [[West Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.pnj.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 003<br /> | '''Medan State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Medan''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLMED<br /> | 1982, 20 September<br /> | [[Medan]], [[North Sumatra]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.polmed.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 004<br /> | '''Bandung State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Bandung''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLBAN<br /> | 1979, 27 January<br /> | [[Bandung]], [[West Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.polban.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 005<br /> | '''Semarang State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Semarang''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLINES<br /> | 1982, 6 August<br /> | [[Semarang]], [[Central Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| A<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.polines.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 006<br /> | '''[[Sriwijaya State Polytechnics|Sriwijaya State Polytechnic]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLSRI<br /> | 1982, 20 September<br /> | [[Palembang]], [[South Sumatra]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.polsri.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 007<br /> | '''Lampung State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Lampung''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLINELA<br /> | 1984, 7 April<br /> | [[Bandar Lampung]], [[Lampung]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.polinela.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 008<br /> | '''Ambon State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Ambon''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLNAM<br /> | 1987, 5 October<br /> | [[Ambon, Maluku|Ambon]], [[Maluku (province)]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.polnam.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 009<br /> | '''[[Padang State Polytechnic]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Padang''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| PNP<br /> | 1985, 12 March<br /> | [[Padang, Indonesia|Padang]], [[West Sumatra]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.pnp.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 010<br /> | '''Bali State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Bali''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| PNB<br /> | 1985, 3 December<br /> | [[Kuta]], [[Bali]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.pnb.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 011<br /> | '''Pontianak State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Pontianak''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLNEP<br /> | 1985, 3 December<br /> | [[Pontianak, Indonesia|Pontianak]], [[West Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.polnep.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 012<br /> | '''Ujung Pandang State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Ujung Pandang''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| PNUP<br /> | 1987, 10 May<br /> | [[Makassar]], [[South Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.poliupg.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 013<br /> | '''Manado State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Manado''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLIMDO<br /> | 1987, 9 November<br /> | [[Manado]], [[North Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.polimdo.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 014<br /> | '''[[Surabaya Shipbuilding State Polytechnic]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Perkapalan Negeri Surabaya''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| PPNS<br /> | 1987, 17 September&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://jdih.kemdikbud.go.id/arsip/permendikbud_tahun2014_nomor042.pdf |title= PERATURAN MENTERI PENDIDIKAN DAN KEBUDAYAAN REPUBLIK INDONESIA |date=2014 |website=jdih.kemdikbud.go.id |access-date=2021-04-05}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | [[Surabaya]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| A<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.ppns.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 015<br /> | '''Banjarmasin State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Banjarmasin''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLIBAN<br /> | 1987, 13 July<br /> | [[Banjarmasin]], [[South Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;width:1%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://www.poliban.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 016<br /> | '''Lhokseumawe State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Lhokseumawe''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| PNL<br /> | 1987, 5 October<br /> | [[Lhokseumawe]], [[Aceh]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.pnl.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 017<br /> | '''Kupang State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Kupang''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| PNK<br /> | 1985, 11 March<br /> | [[Kupang]], [[East Nusa Tenggara]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.pnk.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 018<br /> | '''[[Electronic Engineering Polytechnic Institute of Surabaya]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Elektronika Negeri Surabaya''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| PENS<br /> | 1986, 29 May<br /> | [[Surabaya]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| A<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.pens.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 019<br /> | '''Jember State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Jember''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLIJE<br /> | 1988, 29 October<br /> | [[Jember]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.polije.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 020<br /> | '''Pangkajene Kepulauan State Polytechnic for Agriculture'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Pertanian Negeri Pangkajene Kepulauan''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLIPANGKEP<br /> | 1990, 9 September<br /> | [[Pangkajene and Islands Regency|Pangkep]], [[South Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.politanipangkep.com/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 021<br /> | '''Kupang State Agricultural Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Pertanian Negeri Kupang''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLITANIKOE<br /> | 1984, 7 April<br /> | [[Kupang]], [[East Nusa Tenggara]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[https://politanikoe.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 022<br /> | '''Tual State Polytechnic for Fisheries'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Perikanan Negeri Tual''}} <br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLIKANT<br /> | 1997, 18 July<br /> | [[Tual]], [[Maluku (province)|Maluku]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.polikant.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 023<br /> | '''Malang State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Malang''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLINEMA<br /> | 1979, 27 January<br /> | [[Malang]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.polinema.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 024<br /> | '''Samarinda State Agricultural Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Pertanian Negeri Samarinda''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLITANI Samarinda<br /> | 1997, 28 April<br /> | [[Samarinda]], [[East Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.politanisamarinda.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 025<br /> | '''Payakumbuh State Agricultural Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Pertanian Negeri Payakumbuh''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| PPNP<br /> | 1989, 6 February<br /> | [[Payakumbuh]], [[West Sumatra]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [https://politanipyk.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 026<br /> | '''Samarinda State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Samarinda''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLNES<br /> | 1985, 3 December<br /> | [[Samarinda]], [[East Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.polnes.ac.id/]<br /> |- <br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 027<br /> | '''Creative Media State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Media Kreatif''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLIMEDIA<br /> | 2008, 8 October <br /> | [[Jakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.polimedia.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 028<br /> | '''Bangka Belitung State Polytechnic for Manufacturing'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Manufaktur Negeri Bangka Belitung''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLMANBABEL<br /> | 2010, 18 October<br /> | [[Sungailiat]], [[Bangka Belitung Islands]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [https://www.polman-babel.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 029<br /> | '''Batam State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Batam''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLIBATAM<br /> | 2010, 18 October<br /> | [[Batam]], [[Riau Islands]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[https://www.polibatam.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 030<br /> | '''Nusa Utara State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Nusa Utara''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLNUSTAR<br /> | 2011, 22 June<br /> | [[Tahuna, Indonesia|Tahuna]], [[North Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [https://www.polnustar.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 031<br /> | '''Bengkalis State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Bengkalis''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLBENG<br /> | 2011, 29 July<br /> | [[Bengkalis Regency|Bengkalis]], [[Riau]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.polbeng.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 032<br /> | '''Balikpapan State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Balikpapan''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLTEKBA<br /> | 2011, 9 September<br /> | [[Balikpapan]], [[East Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://poltekba.ac.id/website/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 033<br /> | '''Madura State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Madura''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLTERA<br /> | 2012<br /> | [[Sampang Regency|Sampang]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.poltera.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 034<br /> | '''Indonesia Maritime State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Maritim Negeri Indonesia''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLIMARIN<br /> | 2012, 19 September<br /> | [[Semarang]], [[Central Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [https://polimarin.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 035<br /> | '''Banyuwangi State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Banyuwangi''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLIWANGI<br /> | 2008<br /> | [[Banyuwangi Regency|Banyuwangi]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [https://www.poliwangi.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 036<br /> | '''Madiun State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Madiun''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| PNM<br /> | 2012, 30 October<br /> | [[Madiun]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.pnm.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 037<br /> | '''Fakfak State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Fakfak''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLINEF<br /> | 2012<br /> | [[Fakfak]], [[West Papua (province)|West Papua]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [https://polinef.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 038<br /> | '''Sambas State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Sambas''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLTESA<br /> | 2007<br /> | [[Sambas Regency|Sambas]], [[West Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [https://poltesa.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 039<br /> | '''Tanah Laut State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Tanah Laut''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLITALA<br /> | 2009, 25 September<br /> | [[Tanah Laut Regency|Tanah Laut]], [[South Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.politala.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 040<br /> | '''Subang State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Subang''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLSUB<br /> | 2014, 1 April<br /> | [[Subang Regency|Subang]], [[West Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [https://www.polsub.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 041<br /> | '''Ketapang State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Ketapang''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLITAP<br /> | 2006<br /> | [[Ketapang]], [[West Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [https://politap.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 042<br /> | '''Cilacap State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Cilacap''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| PNC<br /> | 2014, 3 October<br /> | [[Cilacap Regency|Cilacap]], [[Central Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[https://pnc.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 043<br /> | '''Indramayu State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Indramayu''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLINDRA<br /> | 2008, 8 July&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://docplayer.info/50205964-Peraturan-menteri-riset-teknologi-dan-pendidikan-tinggi-republik-indonesia-nomor-70-tahun-2016-tentang-statuta-politeknik-negeri-indramayu.html|title=PERATURAN MENTERI RISET, TEKNOLOGI, DAN PENDIDIKAN TINGGI REPUBLIK INDONESIA NOMOR 70 TAHUN 2016 TENTANG STATUTA POLITEKNIK NEGERI INDRAMAYU - PDF Free Download|website=docplayer.info}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | [[Indramayu Regency|Indramayu]], [[West Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;width:1%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://www.polindra.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 044<br /> | '''Nunukan State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Nunukan''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| PNN<br /> | 2014, 8 October<br /> | [[Nunukan Regency|Nunukan]], [[North Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> <br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[https://www.pnn.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Public community colleges===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! PT Code&lt;br /&gt;{{small|006-}}<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Abbrev.<br /> ! Founding Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Accred.<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 001<br /> | '''State Community College of Pacitan'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Akademi Komunitas Negeri Pacitan''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| AKN Pacitan<br /> | 2013, 11 October<br /> | [[Pacitan Regency|Pacitan]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://aknpacitan.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 002<br /> | '''State Community College of Putra Sang Fajar Blitar'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Akademi Komunitas Negeri Putra Sang Fajar Blitar''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| AKB<br /> | 2014, 17 October<br /> | [[Blitar]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.akb.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 003<br /> | '''State Community College of West Aceh'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Akademi Komunitas Negeri Aceh Barat''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| AKN Aceh Barat<br /> | 2014, 17 October<br /> | [[West Aceh Regency|West Aceh]], [[Aceh]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.aknacehbarat.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 004<br /> | '''State Community College of Rejang Lebong'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Akademi Komunitas Negeri Rejang Lebong''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| AKREL<br /> | 2018, 4 April<br /> | [[Rejang Lebong Regency|Rejang Lebong]], [[Bengkulu]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.akrel.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 005<br /> | '''State Community College of Arts and Culture Yogyakarta'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Akademi Komunitas Negeri Seni dan Budaya Yogyakarta''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| AKNSB Yogyakarta<br /> | 2020<br /> | [[Bantul Regency|Bantul]], [[Special Region of Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.aknyogya.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Public Religious higher education institutions==<br /> Public religious higher education institutions (PTKN) are under the responsibility of the [[Ministry of Religious Affairs (Indonesia)|Ministry of Religious Affairs]]. Technically and academically, the development of state religious universities is carried out by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia (Kemdikbudristek), while functionally it is carried out by the Ministry of Religion, all covering the five recognized religions in Indonesia, but not including Confucianism. There are three types of higher education institutions in the Muslim category, Public Islamic Universities (UIN), Public Islamic Institutes (IAIN), and Public Islamic Colleges (STAIN). Public Christian Institutes (IAKN) and Public Protestant Christian Colleges (STAKPN) in the Protestant Christian category. Public Catholic Colleges (STAKATN) in the Catholic category. Public Hindu Universities (UHN), Public Hindu Institutes (IAHN), and Public Hindu Colleges (STAHN) in the Hindu category. Public Buddhist Colleges (STABN) in the Buddhist category.<br /> <br /> === '''Public Islamic higher education institutions''' ===<br /> <br /> ==== Public Islamic Universities ====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! PT Code&lt;br /&gt;{{small|201-}}<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Abbrev.<br /> ! Founding Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Accred.<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 001<br /> | '''[[Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University Jakarta|State Islamic University of Syarif Hidayatullah]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | UIN Jakarta<br /> | 1957, 1 June&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''Akademi Dinas Ilmu Agama'')}}<br /> | [[South Tangerang]], [[Tangerang]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://uinjkt.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 002<br /> | '''[[Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University|State Islamic University of Sunan Kalijaga]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Kalijaga''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | UIN Suka<br /> | 1951, 26 September&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Sunan Kalijaga'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2004, June 21&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Sleman Regency|Sleman]], [[Special Region of Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://uin-suka.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 003<br /> | '''[[Maulana Malik Ibrahim State Islamic University Malang|State Islamic University of Maulana Malik Ibrahim]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | UIN Malang<br /> | 1957, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2004, June 21&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Malang]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://uin-malang.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 004<br /> | '''[[Sunan Gunung Djati State Islamic University Bandung|State Islamic University of Sunan Gunung Djati]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Gunung Djati''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | UIN Bandung<br /> | 1968, 8 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Sunan Gunung Djati'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2005, 10 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Bandung]], [[West Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://uinsgd.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 005<br /> | '''[[Sultan Syarif Kasim II State Islamic University|State Islamic University of Sultan Syarif Kasim]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Syarif Kasim''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | UIN Suska<br /> | 1970, 19 September&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Sulthan Syarif Qasim'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2005, 4 January&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Pekanbaru]], [[Riau]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://uin-suska.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 006<br /> | '''[[Alauddin Islamic State University|State Islamic University of Alauddin]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | UIN Alauddin<br /> | 1965, 28 October<br /> | [[Makassar]], [[South Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://uin-alauddin.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 007<br /> | '''[[Sunan Ampel State Islamic University Surabaya|State Islamic University of Sunan Ampel]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Ampel''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | UINSA<br /> | 1965&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Sunan Ampel'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2013, 1 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Surabaya]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://uinsby.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 008<br /> | '''[[State Islamic University of North Sumatra]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | UINSU<br /> | 1973, 19 November&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Sumatera Utara'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2014, 17 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Medan]], [[North Sumatra]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://uinsu.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 009<br /> | '''[[Raden Fatah State Islamic University|State Islamic University of Raden Fatah]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Fatah''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | UIN Palembang<br /> | 1964, 13 November&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Raden Fatah'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2014, 17 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Palembang]], [[South Sumatra]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://radenfatah.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 010<br /> | '''[[Walisongo State Islamic University|State Islamic University of Walisongo]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | UIN Walisongo<br /> | 1970, 6 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Walisongo'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2013, 1 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Semarang]], [[Central Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | A<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://walisongo.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 011<br /> | '''[[Ar-Raniry State Islamic University|State Islamic University of Ar-Raniry]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | UINAR<br /> | 1960&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Ar-Raniry'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2013, 1 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(s current university)}}<br /> | [[Banda Aceh]], [[Aceh]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://ar-raniry.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 012<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Sultan Maulana Hasanuddin'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Maulana Hasanuddin''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | UIN Banten<br /> | 2017, 7 April<br /> | [[Serang]], [[Banten]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://uinbanten.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 013<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Imam Bonjol'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Imam Bonjol''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | UINIB<br /> | 1966, 29 November&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Imam Bonjol'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2017, 7 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Padang]], [[West Sumatra]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://uinib.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 014<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Raden Intan'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Intan''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | UINRIL<br /> | 1968, 26 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Raden Intan'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2017, 3 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Bandar Lampung]], [[Lampung]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://radenintan.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 015<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Mataram'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Mataram''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | UIN Mataram<br /> | 1966&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Mataram'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2017, 7 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Mataram (city)|Mataram]], [[West Nusa Tenggara]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://uinmataram.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 016<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Sultan Thaha Saifuddin'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Thaha Saifuddin''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | UINSTS<br /> | 1967, 8 September&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Sultan Thaha Saifuddin'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2017, 7 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Jambi (city)]], [[Jambi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://uinjambi.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 017<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Antasari'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Antasari''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | UIN Antasari<br /> | 1964, 20 November&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Antasari'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2017, 3 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Banjarmasin]], [[South Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://uin-antasari.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 018<br /> | '''International Islamic University of Indonesia'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Internasional Indonesia''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | UIII<br /> | 2016, 29 June<br /> | [[Depok]], [[West Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://uii.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 019<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Sayyid Ali Rahmatullah'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Sayyid Ali Rahmatullah''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | UIN Satu<br /> | 2021, 11 May<br /> | [[Tulungagung Regency|Tulungagung]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://uinsatu.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 020<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Professor Kiai Haji Saifuddin Zuhri'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Profesor Kiai Haji Saifuddin Zuhri''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | UIN Saizu<br /> | 1997, 21 Maret&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Purwokerto'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2014&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Purwokerto'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2021, 11 May&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Purwokerto]], [[Central Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://uinsaizu.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 021<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Raden Mas Said'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Mas Said''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | UIN Surakarta<br /> | 1992, 12 September&lt;br /&gt;1997&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Surakarta'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2011&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Surakarta'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2021, 11 May&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Surakarta]], [[Central Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://uinsaid.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 022<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Sultan Aji Muhammad Idris'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Aji Muhammad Idris''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | UINSI<br /> | 1997, 21 Maret&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Samarinda'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2014&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Samarinda'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2021, 11 May&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Samarinda]], [[East Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://uinsi.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 023<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Kiai Haji Achmad Siddiq'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Kiai Haji Achmad Siddiq''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | UINKHAS<br /> | 1997, 21 Maret&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Jember'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2014&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Jember'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2021, 11 May&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Jember Regency|Jember]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://uinkhas.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 024<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Fatmawati Sukarno'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Fatmawati Sukarno''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | UINFAS<br /> | 1997, 21 Maret&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Bengkulu'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2014&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Bengkulu'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2021, 11 May&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Bengkulu (city)]], [[Bengkulu]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://uinfasbengkulu.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 025<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Datokarama'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Datokarama''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | UIN Palu<br /> | 1997, 21 Maret&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Datokarama'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2021, 8 July&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Palu]], [[Central Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [https://uindatokarama.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 026<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Mahmud Yunus'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Mahmud Yunus''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | UIN Batusangkar<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Batusangkar'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2015, 23 December&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Batusangkar'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2022, 8 Juny&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Tanah Datar Regency|Tanah Datar]], [[West Sumatra]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://uinmybatusangkar.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 027<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Sjech M. Djamil Djambek'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Sjech M. Djamil Djambek''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | UIN Bukittinggi<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Bukittinggi'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2014, 18 December&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Bukittinggi'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2022, 8 Juny&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Bukittinggi]], [[West Sumatra]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [https://uinbukittinggi.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 028<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Kiai Haji Abdurrahman Wahid'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Kiai Haji Abdurrahman Wahid''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | UIN Pekalongan<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Pekalongan'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2016, 1 August&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Pekalongan'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2022, 8 Juny&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Pekalongan]], [[Central Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://uingusdur.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 029<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Syekh Ali Hasan Ahmad Addary'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Syekh Ali Hasan Ahmad Addary''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | UIN Syahda<br /> | 1997, 21 Maret&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Padangsidimpuan'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2013, 30 July&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Padangsidimpuan'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2022, 8 Juny&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Padang Sidempuan]], [[North Sumatra]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://uinsyahada.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 030<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Salatiga'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Salatiga''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | UIN Salatiga<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Salatiga'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2014, 17 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Salatiga'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2022, 8 Juny&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Salatiga]], [[Central Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://uinsalatiga.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 031<br /> | '''State Cyber Islamic University of Syekh Nurjati'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Siber Syekh Nurjati''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | UINSSC<br /> | 1997, 21 Maret&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Cirebon'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2009, 10 November&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Syekh Nurjati'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2024&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Cirebon]], [[West Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://syekhnurjati.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==== Public Islamic Institutes ====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! PT Code&lt;br /&gt;{{small|202-}}<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Abbrev.<br /> ! Founding Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Accred.<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 009<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Ambon'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Ambon''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | IAIN Ambon<br /> | 1997, 21 Maret&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Ambon'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2006, 9 December&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Ambon, Maluku|Ambon]], [[Maluku (province)|Maluku]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://iainambon.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 010<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Sultan Amai'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Sultan Amai''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | IAIN Gorontalo<br /> | 1997, 21 Maret&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Sultan Amai'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2004, 18 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Gorontalo (city)|Gorontalo]], [[Gorontalo]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://iaingorontalo.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 020<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Manado'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Manado''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | IAIN Manado<br /> | 1997, 30 June&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Manado'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2014, 17 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Manado]], [[North Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://iain-manado.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 021<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Palopo'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Palopo''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | IAIN Palopo<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Palopo'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2014, 17 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Palopo]], [[South Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://iainpalopo.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 022<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Sultan Qaimuddin'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Sultan Qaimuddin''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | IAIN Kendari<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Kendari'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2014, 17 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Kendari]], [[Southeast Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://iainkendari.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 024<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Ternate'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Ternate''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | IAIN Ternate<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Ternate'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2013, 30 July&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Ternate]], [[North Maluku]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://iain-ternate.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 025<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Zawiyah Cot Kala'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Zawiyah Cot Kala''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | IAIN Langsa<br /> | 1980, 14 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Langsa'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2014, 17 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Langsa]], [[Aceh]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://iainlangsa.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 026<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Palangka Raya'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Palangka Raya''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | IAIN Palangka Raya<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Pangka Raya'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2014, 17 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Palangka Raya]], [[Central Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://iain-palangkaraya.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 030<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Pontianak'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Pontianak''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | IAIN Pontianak<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Pontianak'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2013, 6 August&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Pontianak]], [[West Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://iainptk.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 033<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Metro'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Metro''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | IAIN Metro<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Jurai Siwo'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2016, 1 August&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Metro (city)|Metro]], [[Lampung]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://metrouniv.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 035<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Ponorogo'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Ponorogo''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | IAIN Ponorogo<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Ponorogo'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2016, 1 August&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Ponorogo]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://iainponorogo.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 036<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Kerinci'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Kerinci''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | IAIN Kerinci<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Kerinci'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2016, 1 August&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Kerinci Regency|Kerinci]], [[Jambi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://iainkerinci.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 037<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Lhokseumawe'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Lhokseumawe''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | IAIN Lhokseumawe<br /> | 2016, 1 August<br /> | [[Lhokseumawe]], [[Aceh]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://iainlhokseumawe.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 038<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Parepare'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Parepare''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | IAIN Parepare<br /> | 2008, 20 June&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Parepare'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2018, 5 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Parepare]], [[South Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://iainpare.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 039<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Curup'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Curup''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | IAIN Curup<br /> | 1997, 19 September&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Curup'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2018, 5 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Rejang Lebong Regency|Rejang Lebong]], [[Bengkulu]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://iainpare.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 040<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Fattahul Muluk'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Fattahul Muluk''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | IAIN Jayapura<br /> | 2006, 20 July&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Al-Fatah'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2018, 5 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Jayapura]], [[Papua (province)|Papua]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://iainfmpapua.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 041<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Kudus'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Kudus''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | IAIN Kudus<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Kudus'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2018, 5 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Kudus, Indonesia|Kudus]], [[Central Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://iainkudus.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 042<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Madura'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Madura''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | IAIN Madura<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Pamekasan'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2018, 5 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Pamekasan Regency|Pamekasan]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://iainmadura.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 043<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Syaikh Abdurrahman Siddik'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Syaikh Abdurrahman Siddik''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | IAIN Babel<br /> | 2004, 18 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Syaikh Abdurrahman Siddik'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2018, 5 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Bangka Regency|Bangka]], [[Bangka Belitung Islands]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://iainsasbabel.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 044<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Bone'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Bone''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | IAIN Bone<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Watampone'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2018, 5 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Bone Regency|Bone]], [[South Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://iain-bone.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 045<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Kediri'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Kediri''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | IAIN Kediri<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Kediri'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2018, 5 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Kediri (city)|Kediri]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://iainkediri.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 046<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Sorong'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Sorong''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | IAIN Sorong<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Sorong'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2020, 20 February&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Sorong]], [[West Papua (province)|West Papua]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://iainsorong.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 047<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Takengon'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Takengon''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | IAIN Takengon<br /> | 2012, 25 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Gajah Putih'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2020, 28 February&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Central Aceh Regency|Central Aceh]], [[Aceh]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://iain-takengon.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==== Public Islamic Colleges ====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! PT Code&lt;br /&gt;{{small|203-}}<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Abbrev.<br /> ! Founding Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Accred.<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 034<br /> | '''State Islamic College of Teungku Dirundeng Meulaboh'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Negeri Teungku Dirundeng Meulaboh''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | STAIN Meulaboh<br /> | 2014, 19 September<br /> | [[West Aceh Regency|West Aceh]], [[Aceh]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://staindirundeng.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 035<br /> | '''State Islamic College of Bengkalis'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Negeri Bengkalis''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | STAIN Bengkalis<br /> | 2014, 19 September<br /> | [[Bengkalis Regency|Bengkalis]], [[Riau]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://kampusmelayu.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 036<br /> | '''State Islamic College of Majene'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Negeri Majene''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | STAIN Majene<br /> | 2016, 31 August<br /> | [[Majene Regency|Majene]], [[West Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://stainmajene.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 037<br /> | '''State Islamic College of Mandailing Natal'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Negeri Mandailing Natal''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | STAIN Madina<br /> | 2019, 25 January<br /> | [[Mandailing Natal Regency|Mandailing Natal]], [[North Sumatra]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://stain-madina.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 038<br /> | '''State Islamic College of Sultan Abdurrahman'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Negeri Sultan Abdurrahman Kepulauan Riau''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | STAIN Kepri<br /> | 2017, 13 March<br /> | [[Bintan Regency|Bintan]], [[Riau Islands]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://stainkepri.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === '''Public Christian higher education institutions''' ===<br /> <br /> ==== Public Christian Institutes ====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! PT Code&lt;br /&gt;{{small|222-}}<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Abbrev.<br /> ! data-sort-type=&quot;date&quot; | Founding Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Acred.&lt;ref name=&quot;banpt&quot; /&gt;<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |Link<br /> |-<br /> | 001<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | '''State Christian Institute of Tarutung'''<br /> {{small|''Institut Agama Kristen Negeri Tarutung''}}<br /> | IAKN Tarutung<br /> | 1 March 2018<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | [[North Sulawesi]]<br /> | Good<br /> | [http://iakntarutung.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 002<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | '''State Christian Institute of Manado'''<br /> {{small|''Institut Agama Kristen Negeri Manado''}}<br /> | IAKN Manado<br /> | 1 March 2018<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | [[North Sulawesi]]<br /> | Good<br /> | [https://iaknmanado.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 003<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | '''State Christian Institute of Ambon'''<br /> {{small|''Institut Agama Kristen Negeri Ambon''}}<br /> | IAKN Ambon<br /> | 1 March 2018<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | [[Maluku (province)|Maluku]]<br /> | B<br /> | [https://iaknmanado.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 004<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | '''State Christian Institute of Toraja'''<br /> {{small|''Institut Agama Kristen Negeri Toraja''}}<br /> | IAKN Toraja<br /> | 23 January 2020<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | [[South Sulawesi]]<br /> | Good<br /> | [http://iakntoraja.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 005<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | '''State Christian Institute of Kupang'''<br /> {{small|''Institut Agama Kristen Negeri Kupang''}}<br /> | IAKN Kupang<br /> | 23 January 2020<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | [[East Nusa Tenggara]]<br /> | Good<br /> | [http://www.iaknkupang.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 006<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | '''State Christian Institute of Palangka Raya'''<br /> {{small|''Institut Agama Kristen Negeri Palangka Raya''}}<br /> | IAKN Palangka Raya<br /> | 23 January 2020<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | [[Central Kalimantan]]<br /> |<br /> | [http://www.iaknkupang.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==== Public Protestant Christian Colleges ====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! PT Code&lt;br /&gt;{{small|223-}}<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Abbrev.<br /> ! data-sort-type=&quot;date&quot; | Founding Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Acred.&lt;ref name=&quot;banpt&quot; /&gt;<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |Link<br /> |-<br /> | 006<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |'''State Protestant Christian College of Sentani'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Sekolah Tinggi Agama Kristen Protestan Negeri Sentani''}}<br /> | STAKPN Sentani<br /> | 10 April 2001<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | [[Papua (province)|Papua]]<br /> | Good<br /> | [http://stakpnsentani.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === Public Catholic Colleges ===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! PT Code&lt;br /&gt;{{small|263-}}<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Abbrev.<br /> ! data-sort-type=&quot;date&quot; | Founding Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Acred.&lt;ref name=&quot;banpt&quot; /&gt;<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |Link<br /> |-<br /> | 001<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |'''State Catholic College of Pontianak'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Sekolah Tinggi Agama Katolik Negeri Pontianak''}}<br /> | STAKATN Pontianak<br /> | 6 April 2017<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | [[West Kalimantan]]<br /> | Good<br /> | [http://www.stakatnptk.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === '''Public Hindu higher education institutions''' ===<br /> <br /> ==== Public Hindu Universities ====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! PT Code&lt;br /&gt;{{small|241-}}<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Abbrev.<br /> ! data-sort-type=&quot;date&quot; | Founding Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Acred.&lt;ref name=&quot;banpt&quot; /&gt;<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |Link<br /> |-<br /> | 001<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |'''State Hindu University of I Gusti Bagus Sugriwa'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Hindu Negeri I Gusti Bagus Sugriwa''}}<br /> | UHN Sugriwara<br /> | 23 January 2020<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | [[Bali]]<br /> | Very Good<br /> | [http://www.stakatnptk.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==== Public Hindu Institutes ====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! PT Code&lt;br /&gt;{{small|242-}}<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Abbrev.<br /> ! data-sort-type=&quot;date&quot; | Founding Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Acred.&lt;ref name=&quot;banpt&quot; /&gt;<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |Link<br /> |-<br /> | 002<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |'''State Hindu Institute of Tampung Penyang'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Hindu Negeri Tampung Penyang''}}<br /> | IAHN TP<br /> | 6 September 1986<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | [[Central Kalimantan]]<br /> | Good<br /> | [https://iahntp.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 003<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |'''State Hindu Institute of Gde Pudja'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Hindu Negeri Gde Pudja''}}<br /> | IAHN Gde Pudja<br /> | 11 July 2001<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | [[West Nusa Tenggara]]<br /> | Good<br /> | [https://iahn-gdepudja.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==== Public Hindu Colleges ====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! PT Code&lt;br /&gt;{{small|243-}}<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Abbrev.<br /> ! data-sort-type=&quot;date&quot; | Founding Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Acred.&lt;ref name=&quot;banpt&quot; /&gt;<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |Link<br /> |-<br /> | 008<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |'''State Hindu College of Mpu Kuturan'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Sekolah Tinggi Agama Hindu Negeri Mpu Kuturan''}}<br /> | STAHN Mpu Kuturan<br /> | 21 March 2016<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | [[Bali]]<br /> | Very Good<br /> | [http://www.stakatnptk.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === '''Public Buddhist higher education institutions''' ===<br /> <br /> ==== Public Buddhist Colleges ====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! PT Code&lt;br /&gt;{{small|242-}}<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Abbrev.<br /> ! data-sort-type=&quot;date&quot; | Founding Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Acred.&lt;ref name=&quot;banpt&quot; /&gt;<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |Link<br /> |-<br /> | 001<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |'''State Buddhist College of Sriwijaya'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Sekolah Tinggi Agama Buddha Negeri Sriwijaya''}}<br /> | STABN Sriwijaya<br /> | 20 May 2002<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | [[Banten]]<br /> | B<br /> | [https://iahntp.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 002<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |'''State Buddhist College of Raden Wijaya'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Sekolah Tinggi Agama Buddha Negeri Raden Wijaya''}}<br /> | STABN Raden Wijaya<br /> | 25 January 2007<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | [[Central Java]]<br /> | B<br /> | [https://iahn-gdepudja.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Service higher education institutions ==<br /> Service higher education institutions are higher education institution that are under the auspices of government institutions (ministries) as education providers with a civil service bond or cadreship system.<br /> <br /> === Ministry of Home Affairs ===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! PT Code&lt;br /&gt;{{small|342-}}<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Abbrev.<br /> ! data-sort-type=&quot;date&quot; | Founding Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Acred.&lt;ref name=&quot;banpt&quot; /&gt;<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |Link<br /> |-<br /> | 001<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|'''Institute of Home Affairs'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;Institut Pemerintahan Dalam Negeri&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | IPDN<br /> | 1956<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | [[West Java]]<br /> | Very Good<br /> | [https://ipdn.ac.id]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources ===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! PT Code&lt;/br&gt;{{small|355-}}<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Abbrev.<br /> ! data-sort-type=&quot;date&quot; | Founding Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Acred.&lt;ref name=&quot;banpt&quot; /&gt;<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |Link<br /> |-<br /> | 001<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |'''Akamigas Energy and Mineral Polytechnic'''&lt;/br&gt;&lt;small&gt;Politeknik Energi dan Mineral Akamigas&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | PEM AKAMIGAS<br /> | 1967<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | [[Central Java]]<br /> | B<br /> | [https://www.akamigas.ac.id]<br /> |-<br /> | 002<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |'''Bandung Energy and Mining Polytechnic'''&lt;/br&gt;&lt;small&gt;Politeknik Energi dan Pertambangan Bandung&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | PEP BANDUNG<br /> | 2019<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | [[West Java]]<br /> | Good<br /> | [https://pepbandung.ac.id]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === Ministry of Law and Human Rights ===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! PT Code&lt;br&gt;{{small|365-}}<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Abbrev.<br /> ! data-sort-type=&quot;date&quot; | Founding Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Acred.&lt;ref name=&quot;banpt&quot; /&gt;<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |Link<br /> |-<br /> | 001<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |'''Correctional Science Polytechnic'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;Politeknik Ilmu Pemasyarakatan&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | POLTEKIP<br /> | 1962<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | [[West Java]]<br /> |<br /> | [http://www.poltekip.ac.id]<br /> |-<br /> | 002<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |'''Immigration Polytechnic'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;Politeknik Imigrasi&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | POLTEKIM<br /> | 1962<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | [[West Java]]<br /> |<br /> | [https://poltekim.ac.id]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === Ministry of Communications and Informatics ===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! PT Code&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;373-&lt;/small&gt;<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Abbrev.<br /> ! data-sort-type=&quot;date&quot; | Founding Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Acred.&lt;ref name=&quot;banpt&quot; /&gt;<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |Link<br /> |-<br /> | 001<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |'''MMTC Multi Media College'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;Sekolah Tinggi Multi Media MMTC Yogyakarta&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | STMM <br /> MMTC<br /> | 2014<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | [[Special Region of Yogyakarta|Yogyakarta]]<br /> |B<br /> | [http://mmtc.ac.id]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Private universities==<br /> These notable private universities are owned, funded and managed by private organizations, including those affiliated with Islamic ([[Muhammadiyah]]), Catholic or Christian socio-religious organizations.<br /> <br /> ===Jakarta===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Name in English !!style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Name in Indonesian !!style=&quot;width:5%;&quot;|Acronym !!style=&quot;width:5%;&quot;|Foundation !! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; style=&quot;width:5%;&quot; |Reference !!style=&quot;width:15%;&quot;|Website<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Al-Azhar University of Indonesia]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Al-Azhar Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UAI<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1960<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.uai.ac.id/|title= Official website |website=uai.ac.id|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230105043930/http://www.uai.ac.id/ |access-date=2023-01-05|archive-date= 2023-01-05 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.uai.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Asian Banking Finance and Informatic Institute Perbanas<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|STIE Perbanas <br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|ABFI-PERBANAS<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1969<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.perbanasinstitute.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Katolik Atma Jaya<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|STMIK Jakarta STI&amp;K<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1960<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;|{{url|http://www.atmajaya.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Bakrie University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Bakrie<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| UB<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|2006<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bakrie.ac.id/en/|title=Experience The Real Things &amp;#124; Universitas Bakrie|website=Bakrie.ac.id}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.bakrie.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Binus University|Bina Nusantara University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Bina Nusantara<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|Binus University<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1985<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.binus.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Bina Sarana Informatika|Bina Sarana Informatika University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Bina Sarana Informatika<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UBSI<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1988<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.bsi.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Borobudur University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Borobudur<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1982<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.universitasborobudur.ac.id/|title= Official website |website=Universitasborobudur.ac.id|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110609043930/http://www.universitasborobudur.ac.id/ |access-date=2021-04-05|archive-date= 2011-06-09 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.universitasborobudur.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Budi Luhur University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Budi Luhur<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UBL<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1979<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://pendaftaran.budiluhur.ac.id/|title=Beranda &amp;#124; PMB ONLINE Universitas Budi Luhur - Kampus Cerdas Berbudi Luhur|website=pendaftaran.budiluhur.ac.id}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.budiluhur.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Universitas Kristen Indonesia|Christian University of Indonesia]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Kristen Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UKI<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1953<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.uki.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Darma Persada University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Darma Persada<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNSADA<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1986<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.unsada.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;| Dian Nusantara University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Dian Nusantara<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNDIRA<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=id&amp;u=https://undira.ac.id/&amp;prev=search&amp;pto=aue|title=Google Translate|website=translate.google.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;|{{URL|https://undira.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Esa Unggul University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Esa Unggul<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UEU<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1993<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.esaunggul.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Indonesia Institute for Life Science<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Institut Bio Scientia Internasional Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|i3L<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|2013<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://i3l.ac.id/info/|title=i3L Undergraduate Program - Speak To Our Admission Team|website=I3l.ac.id|access-date=5 April 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;|{{URL|http://www.i3L.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[YARSI University|Indonesia Islamic Hospital Foundation University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Yayasan Rumah Sakit Islam Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|YARSI<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1967<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.yarsi.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Indraprasta PGRI University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Indraprasta PGRI<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNINDRA<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1982<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.unindra.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Informatics Management and Computer University of Jakarta<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Sekolah Tinggi Manajemen Informatika dan Komputer Jakarta<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|STMIK<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|2000<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.jak-stik.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Jakarta Institute of Arts<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Institut Kesenian Jakarta<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|IKJ<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1970<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.ikj.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Telkom University Jakarta<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Telkom Jakarta<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|Tel-U<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|2023<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-03-14 |title=Universitas Telkom Jakarta {{!}} &quot;Creating the Future&quot; |url=https://jakarta.telkomuniversity.ac.id/ |access-date=2024-03-15 |website=jakarta.telkomuniversity.ac.id |language=id-ID}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|https://jakarta.telkomuniversity.ac.id/}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Krida Wacana Christian University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Kristen Krida Wacana<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UKRIDA<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1967<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.ukrida.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Mercu Buana University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Mercubuana<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMB<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1985<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://pendaftaran.mercubuana.ac.id/|title=Pendaftaran Mercu Buana|first=Pendaftaran Mercu|last=Buana|website=pendaftaran.mercubuana.ac.id}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.mercubuana.ac.id}} <br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Muhammadiyah University of Jakarta<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMJ<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1955<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.umj.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Universitas Nasional|National University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Nasional<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNAS<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1949<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.unas.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Nusantara Institute of Business<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Institut Bisnis Nusantara<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|IBN<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1986<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.ibn.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Pancasila University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Pancasila<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UP<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1966<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.univpancasila.ac.id/index.php|title= Official website |website=Univpancasila.ac.id|access-date=2021-04-05}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.univpancasila.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Paramadina University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Paramadina<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UPM/PARMAD<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1998<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.paramadina.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Persada Indonesia - Indonesia Administration Foundation University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Persada Indonesia Yayasan Administrasi Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UPI YAI<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1985<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.yai.ac.id/upi/|title= Official website |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20111123121651/http://www.yai.ac.id/upi/ |access-date=2021-04-05|archive-date= 2011-11-23 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.yai.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|PPM School of Management<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Pendidikan dan Pembinaan Manajemen<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|PPM<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1967<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://ppm-manajemen.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Prof. Dr. HAMKA Muhammadiyah University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof. Dr. HAMKA<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UHAMKA<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1960<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.uhamka.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Prof. Moestopo University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Prof. Moestopo (Beragama)<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1961<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.moestopo.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;| Raffles Institute of Higher Education<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Raffles Institute of Higher Education<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|Raffles@Citywalk<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|2009<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Respati University of Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Respati Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|URINDO<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1978<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.urindo.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Sahid University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Sahid<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|USAHID<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1988<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://usahid.ac.id/|title= Official website |website=usahid.ac.id/|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150624021223/http://usahid.ac.id/ |access-date=2021-04-05|archive-date= 2015-06-24 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://usahid.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Tarumanagara University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Tarumanagara<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNTAR<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1962<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.tarumanagara.ac.id/|title= Official website |website=Tarumanagara.ac.id|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090427063641/http://www.tarumanagara.ac.id/ |access-date=2021-04-05|archive-date= 2009-04-27 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Trisakti University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Trisakti<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|USAKTI<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1965<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.trisakti.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[University of Bunda Mulia]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Bunda Mulia<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UBM<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1986<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.ubm.ac.id}}<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Banten===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[BINUS University Alam Sutera Main Campus]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Bina Nusantara Kampus Alam Sutera<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|BINUS<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2010<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Tangerang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.binus.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[International University Liaison Indonesia]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Lintas Internasional Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|IULI<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2014<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Tangerang]] <br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.iuli.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Multimedia Nusantara University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Media Nusantara<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNIMEDIA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2006<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|Gading [[Tangerang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.unimedia.ac.id/|title= Official website |website=Unimedia.ac.id|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110521140715/http://www.unimedia.ac.id/ |access-date=2021-04-05|archive-date= 2011-05-21 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Pamulang University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Pamulang<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNPAM<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2000<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[South Tangerang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://unpam.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Pelita Harapan University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Pelita Harapan<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UPH<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1993<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Karawaci, Tangerang|Karawaci]], [[Tangerang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.uph.edu/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Perguruan Tinggi Raharja]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Perguruan Tinggi Raharja Tangerang<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|RAHARJA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1994<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Tangerang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.raharja.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Prasetiya Mulya University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Prasetiya Mulya<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|PMBS, Prasmul, PMSBE<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1982<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[South Tangerang]] and [[Jakarta]] <br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.pmsbe.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Serang Raya University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Serang Raya<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNSERA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2001<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Serang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.unsera.ac.id]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Surya University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Surya<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|SU<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2013<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Tangerang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.surya.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Swiss German University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Swiss German University<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|SGU<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2000<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[South Tangerang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.sgu.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Syech Yusuf Islamic University of Tangerang<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Islam Syekh Yusuf Tangerang<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNIS<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1966<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Tangerang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.unistangerang.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Technology Institute of Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Institut Teknologi Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|ITI<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1984<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Tangerang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.iti.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===West Java===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Bandung Islamic University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Islam Bandung<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNISBA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1958<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Bandung]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.unisba.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Djuanda University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Djuanda<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNIDA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1987<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Bogor]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.unida.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Gunadarma University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Gunadarma<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|GUNDAR<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1981<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Depok]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.gunadarma.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; | [[Horizon University Indonesia]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; | Universitas Horizon Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; | HORIZONU<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; | 1991<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; | [[Karawang Regency|Karawang]]<br /> |[https://horizon.ac.id 22]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Ibn Khaldun University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Universitas Ibn Khaldun Bogor<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |UIKA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |1961<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bandung|Bogor]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.uika-bogor.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Indonesian Computer University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Universitas Komputer Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |UNIKOM<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |2001<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bandung]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.unikom.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Islamic 45 University of Bekasi<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Universitas Islam 45 Bekasi<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |UNISMA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |1982<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bekasi]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.unismabekasi.ac.id/]<br /> <br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Jayabaya University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Universitas Jayabaya<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |UJ<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |1958<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bogor]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.jayabaya.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |General Achmad Yani University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |UNJANI<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |1974<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Cimahi]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.unjani.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Langlangbuana University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Universitas Langlangbuana<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |UNLA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |1982<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bandung]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.unla.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |[[Maranatha Christian University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Universitas Kristen Maranatha<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |UKM<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |1965<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bandung]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.maranatha.edu/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |[[National Institute of Technology (Indonesia)|National Institute of Technology]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Institut Teknologi Nasional<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |ITENAS<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |1972<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bandung]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.itenas.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Nusantara Islamic University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Universitas Islam Nusantara<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |UNINUS<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |1959<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bandung]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.uninus.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Pakuan University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Universitas Pakuan<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |UNPAK<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |1980<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bogor]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.unpak.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |[[Universitas Katolik Parahyangan|Parahyangan Catholic University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Universitas Katolik Parahyangan<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |UNPAR<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |1955<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bandung]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.unpar.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Pasundan University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Universitas Pasundan<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |UNPAS<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |1960<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bandung]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.unpas.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |[[President University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Universitas Presiden<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |PresUniv<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |2001<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bekasi Regency|Bekasi]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.president.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Technology College of Garut<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi Garut<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |STTG<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |1991<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Garut]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.sttgarut.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |[[Telkom University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Telkom University<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |Tel-U<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |2013<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bandung]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.telkomuniversity.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |[https://uniku.ac.id Universitas Kuningan]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Universitas Kuningan<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |UNIKU<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |2003<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Kuningan]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.uniku.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Widyatama University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Universitas Widyatama<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |Widyatama<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |1973<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bandung]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.widyatama.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Kesatuan Institute of Business and Informatics<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Institut Bisnis dan Informatika Kesatuan<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |IBIK<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |1953<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bogor]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.ibik.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |PASIM National University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Universitas Nasional PASIM<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; | UNAS PASIM<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; | 1996<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bandung]]<br /> |[https://pasim.ac.id/sejarah]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Sony Sugema College of Information Technology<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi Informatika Sony Sugema<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |STTI<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |2001<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bandung]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[https://sttiss.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Yogyakarta Special Region===<br /> {{main|List of universities in Yogyakarta}}<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Ahmad Dahlan University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Ahmad Dahlan<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UAD<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1960<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.uad.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[AKPRIND Institute of Science and Technology]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Institut Sains dan Teknologi AKPRIND<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|IST AKPRIND<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1970<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.akprind.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Atma Jaya University, Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Atmajaya Yogyakarta<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UAJY<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1965<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.uajy.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[University of Amikom Yogyakarta|College of Information Management and Computer Science AMIKOM Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|STMIK AMIKOM Yogyakarta<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|AMIKOM<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1992<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.amikom.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Duta Wacana Christian University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Kristen Duta Wacana<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UKDW<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1945<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.ukdw.ac.id/2009/id/ |title=Universitas Kristen Duta Wacana |access-date=2011-05-27 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110602061852/http://www.ukdw.ac.id/2009/id/ |archive-date=2011-06-02 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Islamic University of Indonesia]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Islam Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UII<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1945<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.uii.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Mercu Buana University, Yogyakarta<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Mercubuana Yogyakarta<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMBY<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1985<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://mercubuana-yogya.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Muhammadiyah University of Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMY<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1980<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.umy.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Sanata Dharma University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Sanata Dharma<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|USD<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1955<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.usd.ac.id/en]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Aisyiyah University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Aisyiyah<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNISA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1991<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://stikes-aisyiyah-jogja.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; | General Achmad Yani University of Yogyakarta<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; | Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani Yogyakarta<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; | UNJAYA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; | 2018<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; | [[Sleman Regency|Sleman]]<br /> |<br /> [https://unjaya.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Central Java===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Academy of Information and Computer Management PGRI]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Akademi Manajemen Informatika dan Komputer PGRI<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|AMIK PGRI<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1993<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Kebumen Regency|Kebumen]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.amik-kebumen.ac.id]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[:id:Universitas STEKOM|University of Computer Science &amp; Technology]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Sains &amp; Teknologi Komputer<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|Univ STEKOM<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2020<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Semarang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://stekom.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Amikom University of Purwokerto<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Amikom Purwokerto<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|AMPU<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2005<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Purwokerto]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://www.amikompurwokerto.ac.id Link]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[ATMI Polytechnic]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Politeknik ATMI<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|ATMI<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1968<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Surakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.atmi.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Dharma Patria Polytechnic]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Politeknik Dharma Patria<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|POLDA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2002<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Kebumen Regency|Kebumen]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.politeknik-kebumen.ac.id]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Dian Nuswantoro University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Dian Nuswantoro<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UDINUS<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2001<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Semarang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.dinus.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Muhammadiyah Institute of Technology]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi Muhammadiyah<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|STTM<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2001<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Kebumen Regency|Kebumen]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.sttm.ac.id]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Muhammadiyah University of Magelang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMMGL<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1964<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Magelang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Official website|url=https://www.amikompurwokerto.ac.id|access-date=2021-06-28|website=amikompurwokerto.ac.id}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Muhammadiyah University of Purwokerto<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwoketo<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMP<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1964<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Purwokerto]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.ump.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Muhammadiyah University of Purworejo<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Purworejo<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMP<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1964<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Purworejo]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.um-pwr.ac.id/|title= Official website |website=Um-pwr.ac.id|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100801064525/http://www.um-pwr.ac.id/ |access-date=2021-04-05|archive-date= 2010-08-01 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Muhammadiyah University of Semarang<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNIMUS<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1997<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Semarang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://unimus.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMS<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1960<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Surakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.ums.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Muria Kudus University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muria Kudus<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMK<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1982<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Kudus, Indonesia|Kudus]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.umk.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Nahdlatul Ulama Islamic Institute ]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Institut Agama Islam Nahdlatul Ulama<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|IAINU<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1987<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Kebumen Regency|Kebumen]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.iainu-kebumen.ac.id]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Nahdlatul Ulama Islamic University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Islam Nahdlatul Ulama<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNISNU<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1991<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Jepara]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.unisnu.ac.id]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Nahdlatul Ulama Ma'arif University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Ma'arif Nahdlatul Ulama<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMNU<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2014<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Kebumen Regency|Kebumen]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.umnu-kebumen.ac.id] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200620023217/http://umnu-kebumen.ac.id/ |date=2020-06-20 }}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Putra Bangsa University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Putra Bangsa<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UPB<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2001<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Kebumen Regency|Kebumen]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.stieputrabangsa.ac.id]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Qur'anic Science University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Sains Al Qur'an<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNSIQ<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1988<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Wonosobo Regency|Wonosobo]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.unsiq.ac.id]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Satya Wacana Christian University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UKSW<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1956<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Salatiga]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.uksw.edu/id/|title= Official website |website=Uksw.edu|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110529082944/http://www.uksw.edu/id/ |access-date=2021-04-05|archive-date= 2011-05-29 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Soegijapranata Catholic University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Katolik Soegijapranata<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1964<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Semarang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.unika.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Sultan Agung Islamic University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Universitas Islam Sultan Agung]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNISSULA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1962<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Semarang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://unissula.ac.id Link]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===East Java===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|17 August 1945 University Surabaya<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Surabaya<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNTAG<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1958<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Surabaya]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.untag-sby.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Bina Nusantara University Malang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Bina Nusantara Malang<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|BINUS Malang<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2015<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Malang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://binus.ac.id/malang/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Ciputra University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Ciputra<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UC<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2006<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Surabaya]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://ciputra.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Institute of Health Education<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Institut Ilmu Kesehatan<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|IIK<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1985<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Kediri (city)|Kediri]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.iik.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Kertanegara University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu ekonomi Kertanegara Malang<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|STIEKMA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1982<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Malang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.stiekma.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Muhammadiyah University of Gresik<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Gresik<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMG<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1987<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Gresik]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.umg.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Muhammadiyah University of Jember<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Jember<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|Unmuh Jember<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1987<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Jember]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Home: Muhammadiyah University of Jember |url=http://www.unmuhjember.ac.id/ |access-date=February 17, 2024 |website=www.unmuhjember.ac.id}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;| Muhammadiyah University of Malang<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMM<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1964<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Malang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.umm.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Muhammadiyah University of Sidoarjo<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMSIDA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1987<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Sidoarjo]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.umsida.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Muhammadiyah University of Surabaya<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|Unmuh Surabaya<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1964<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Surabaya]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.um-surabaya.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Pelita Harapan University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Pelita Harapan<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UPH<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1993<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Surabaya]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://www.uph.edu//]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Petra Christian University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Kristen Petra<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UKP<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1961<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Surabaya]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.petra.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[University of Surabaya]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Surabaya<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UBAYA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1966<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Surabaya]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.ubaya.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Widya Mandala Catholic University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Katolik Widya Mandala<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UKWMS / WM<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1960<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Surabaya]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.ukwms.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Wijaya Kusuma University, Surabaya]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Wijaya Kusuma Surabaya<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UWK<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1980<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Surabaya]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://uwks.ac.id//]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Wijaya Putra University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Wijaya Putra<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UWP<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1981<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Surabaya]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://uwp.ac.id//]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Telkom University Surabaya<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Telkom Surabaya<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|Tel-U<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;| 2023<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Surabaya]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://surabaya.telkomuniversity.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Kiai Haji Achmad Siddiq State Islamic University Jember]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Islam Negeri Kiai Haji Achmad Siddiq Jember<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UINKHAS<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1997<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Jember]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://stain-jember.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|PGRI MADIUN University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas PGRI MADIUN<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNIPMA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1976<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Madiun]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://ikippgri-madiun.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===North Sumatra===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[HKBP Nommensen University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas HKBP Nommensen<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;| UHN<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1954<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Medan]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://uhn.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Islamic University of North Sumatra<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Islam Sumatera Utara<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UISU<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1953<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Medan]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.uisu.ac.id/ |title= Official website |website=unismuh.ac.id|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20111019142806/http://www.uisu.ac.id/ |access-date=2021-04-05|archive-date= 2011-10-19 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Methodist University of Indonesia]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Methodist Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMI<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1965<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Medan]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.umi-mdn.edu/|title= Official website |website=unismuh.ac.id|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110517033030/http://www.umi-mdn.edu/ |access-date=2021-04-05|archive-date= 2011-05-17 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Royal College of Information and Computer Management]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Sekolah Tinggi Manajemen Informatika dan Komputer Royal<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;| STMIK Royal<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1995<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Kisaran]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://stmiktoyal.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Bengkulu===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Muhammadiyah University of Bengkulu<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Bengkulu<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMB<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1970<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Bengkulu]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.umb.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===South Sumatra===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Muhammadiyah University of Palembang<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Palembang<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMP<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1984<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Palembang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://umpalembang.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[University of Palembang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Palembang<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNPAL<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1982<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Palembang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://unpal.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Lampung===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Muhammadiyah University of Metro<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Metro<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UM Metro<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1991<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Metro, Indonesia]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.ummetro.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Raden Intan Lampung State Islamic University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Intan Lampung<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UINRIL<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1968<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Bandar Lampung]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://iainlampung.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===North Sulawesi===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[De La Salle University (Indonesia)|De La Salle Catholic University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Katolik De La Salle Manado<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2000<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Manado]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.unikadelasalle.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Klabat University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Klabat<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1965<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Manado]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Southeast Sulawesi===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Avicenna College of Health Sciences]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Avicenna<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|STIK Avicenna<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1965<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Kendari]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://stik-avicenna.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===South Sulawesi===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Christian University of Indonesia, Toraja<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Kristen Indonesia, Toraja<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UKIT<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1992<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Tana Toraja]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://ukitoraja.ac.id/webx/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|East Indonesia University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Indonesia Timur<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UIT<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2001<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Makassar]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Indonesia Education Board Management College<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Manajemen Lembaga Pendidikan Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|STIM LPI<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1980<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Makassar]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Indonesian Muslim University Makassar<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muslim Indonesia Makassar<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMI<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1954<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Makassar]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.umi.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Muhammadiyah University Makassar<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Makassar<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMM<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1963<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Makassar]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://unismuh.ac.id/web |title= Official website |website=unismuh.ac.id|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180204202714/http://unismuh.ac.id/web |access-date=2021-04-05|archive-date= 2018-02-04 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Republic of Indonesia Veteran University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Veteran Republik Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UVRI<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1977<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Makassar]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Bali===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Stenden University Bali]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Stenden University Bali<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|SUB<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2009<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Kuta Utara]] [[Badung]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[University of National Education]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Pendidikan Nasional<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNDIKNAS<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1969<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Denpasar]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Universitas Pendidikan Nasional – Undiknas Kampus Milenial |url=http://undiknas.ac.id/ |access-date=2024-02-17 |language=id-ID}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Warmadewa University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Warmadewa<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNWAR<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1983<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Denpasar]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Universitas Warmadewa {{!}} Bermutu, Berintegritas, Berwawasan Lingkungan Kepariwisataan |url=https://www.warmadewa.ac.id/ |access-date=2024-02-17 |website=warmadewa.ac.id}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===East Nusa Tenggara===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Artha Wacana Christian University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Kristen Artha Wacana<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UKAW<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1985<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Kupang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Universitas Kristen Artha Wacana |url=http://ukarthawacana.blogspot.com/ |access-date=2024-02-17 |website=ukarthawacana.blogspot.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===West Papua===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> |30%;&quot;|Muhammadiyah STKIP of Sorong<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|STKIP Muhammadiyah Sorong <br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|STKIP Muh Sorong<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2004<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Sorong (city)|Sorong]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.stkipmuhsorong.ac.id/ |title=Official website |website= www.stkipmuhsorong.ac.id|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180518200203/http://www.stkipmuhsorong.ac.id/ |access-date=2021-04-05|archive-date=2018-05-18 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Riau===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Nurul Hidayah Islamic College]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Nurul Hidayah<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|STAI<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2000<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Selat Panjang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://nurulhidayah.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===West Sumatra===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[National Teacher Training and Education College]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Sekolah Tinggi Keguruan Dan Ilmu Pendidikan Nasional<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|STKIP<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2009<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Padang Pariaman]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://stkip-nasional.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Other institutions==<br /> <br /> Institutions of higher education regulated by Indonesia's Ministry of National Education that are authorized to confer degrees, but without the status of universities include:<br /> <br /> * [[Astra Manufacturing Polytechnic]] (Polman), [[Jakarta]]<br /> * [[Indonesian State College of Accountancy]] (STAN), [[South Tangerang]]<br /> <br /> == Image gallery ==<br /> {{Gallery|File:ITB 1.jpg|alt4=Diponegoro University, Semarang|22=[[Udayana University]], [[Bali]]|23=File:Gate universitas andalas 02.jpg|24=[[Andalas University]], [[Padang]]|alt1=Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung|alt2=Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta|alt3=University of Indonesia, Jakarta|alt5=Airlangga University, Surabaya|20=[[Sebelas Maret University]], [[Surakarta]]|title=|alt6=University of Brawijaya, Malang|alt7=Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology, Surabaya|alt8=Bogor Agricultural Institute, Bogor|alt9=Padjadjaran University, Bandung|alt10=Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta|alt11=Udayana University, Bali|21=File:Udayana rectorate building.jpg|19=File:Sebelas Maret University entrance gate.JPG|[[Bandung Institute of Technology]], [[Bandung]]|9=File:Universitas Airlangga.jpg|File:Gedung Pusat (Rektorat) UGM.jpg|[[Gadjah Mada University]], [[Yogyakarta]]|File:No 18 Rektorat Universitas Indonesia.jpg|[[University of Indonesia]], [[Jakarta]]|File:Widya puraya undip.jpg|[[Diponegoro University]], [[Semarang]]|10=[[Airlangga University]], [[Surabaya]]|18=[[Padjadjaran University]], [[Bandung]]|11=File:MonumenTuguUB.jpg|12=[[University of Brawijaya]], [[Malang]]|13=File:Its library front.JPG|14=[[Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology]], [[Surabaya]]|15=File:BogorAgriculturalUniversityEntrance.jpg|16=[[IPB University|Bogor Agricultural Institute]], [[Bogor]]|17=File:Rectorate of University of Padjadjaran.jpg|alt12=Andalas University, Padang}}<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[Education in Indonesia]]<br /> * [[Seleksi Nasional Berdasarkan Tes|Test-Based National Selection]] (SNBT)<br /> * [[List of Indonesian agricultural universities and colleges]]<br /> * [[Union of Catholic University Students of the Republic of Indonesia]] (PMKRI)<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{notelist}}{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110512205214/http://kemdiknas.go.id/ Ministry of National Education of Indonesia]<br /> * [https://web.archive.org/web/20150923151942/http://ban-pt.kemdiknas.go.id/ National Accreditation Board for Higher Education]<br /> * [http://carikampus.com/ Social Indonesia University Listing]<br /> <br /> {{Universities in Indonesia|state=expanded}}<br /> {{Asia topic|List of universities in}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Universities In Indonesia}}<br /> [[Category:Universities in Indonesia|*]]<br /> [[Category:Indonesia education-related lists]]<br /> [[Category:Lists of universities and colleges in Asia|Indonesia]]<br /> [[Category:Lists of universities and colleges in Indonesia| ]]<br /> [[Category:Lists of universities and colleges by country|Indonesia]]<br /> <br /> [[id:Daftar perguruan tinggi di Indonesia]]<br /> [[jv:Dhaptar perguruan tinggi ing Indonésia]]</div> Xbypass https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_universities_in_Indonesia&diff=1240926434 List of universities in Indonesia 2024-08-18T08:55:38Z <p>Xbypass: /* Public Religious higher education institutions */</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|none}}<br /> {{Incomplete list|date=September 2011}}<br /> <br /> This is a '''list of [[University|universities]], colleges, polytechnics and other [[higher education in Indonesia]]'''.<br /> <br /> According to the former Directorate General of Higher Education (now part of the Ministry of Research, Technology, &amp; Higher Education), in 2022 there were 4,004 higher education institutions (3,820 private and 184 public).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Statistik Indonesia 2024 |url=https://www.bps.go.id/id/publication/2024/02/28/c1bacde03256343b2bf769b0/statistik-indonesia-2024.html |access-date=2024-03-02 |language=id-ID}}&lt;/ref&gt; Higher education in Indonesia offers, academic degrees, vocational degrees, and professional degrees. They are provided by the following types of institutions:<br /> <br /> * '''Community Academy''' provides vocational education for diploma one and/or diploma two programs in regencies/municipalities based on local excellence or to meet special needs.<br /> * '''Academy''', offers vocational education in a number of fields of common origin such as a military academy and nursing academy.<br /> * '''Polytechnic''', offers vocational education, and/or professional education in various fields<br /> * '''Specialised College''' (''Sekolah Tinggi''), offers academic education and can provide vocational and/or professional education in 1 (one) specific cluster<br /> * '''Institute''', offers academic education and can provide vocational and/or professional education in a number of fields of common origin (technological cluster for example)<br /> * '''University''', offers academic education, and can provide vocational education, and/or professional education in various fields<br /> <br /> There are several levels of degrees that can be achieved in higher education, which are split into six levels:<br /> <br /> * '''D1 - Ahli Pratama''' (A.P.) is a one year education program consisting of 32 credits and a final assignment in the form of practical work and scientific work reports. The title translates to &quot;Primary Expert&quot;.<br /> * '''D2 - Ahli Muda''' (A.Ma.) is a two year education program consisting of 64 credits. The title translates to &quot;Young Expert&quot;.<br /> * '''D3 - Ahli Madya''' (A.Md.) is a three year higher education programm consisting of 112 credits. The title translates to &quot;Associate Expert&quot;.<br /> * '''D4 - Sarjana Terapan''' (S.Tr.) is a four year higher education programm consisting of 144 credits. The title translates to &quot;Bachelor of Applied [...]&quot; followed by the subject.<br /> * '''S1 - Sarjana''' is a four to seven years higher education program, depending on the university, which requires a scientific thesis. This is equivalent to a Bachelor's degree.<br /> * '''S2 - Magister''' is a one to two year graduate program which requires a scientific thesis. This is equivalent to a Master's degree.<br /> * '''S3 - Doktor:''' is a three to seven years graduate program which requires a scientific dissertation.<br /> <br /> ==Public higher education institutions==<br /> There are 125 public higher education institutions divided into 63 public universities, 13 Institutes, 44 Polytechnics, and 5 Community Colleges.<br /> <br /> ===Public universities===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! PT Code&lt;br /&gt;{{small|001-}}<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Abbrev.<br /> ! Founding Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Accred.&lt;ref name=&quot;banpt&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Badan Akreditasi Nasional–Perguruan Tinggi|trans-title=National Accreditation Organization for Higher Education|url=https://www.banpt.or.id/direktori/institusi/pencarian_institusi.php|access-date=2022-01-03}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 001<br /> | '''[[Gadjah Mada University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Gadjah Mada''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UGM<br /> | 1949, 19 December <br /> | [[Sleman]] and [[Yogyakarta]], [[Special Region of Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Universitas Gadjah Mada |url=https://ugm.ac.id/id/ |access-date=2024-02-17 |website=ugm.ac.id |language=id-ID}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 002<br /> | '''[[University of Indonesia]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Indonesia''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UI<br /> | 1849, 2 January {{small|(as ''Dokter-Djawa School Batavia'')}}&lt;br /&gt;1950, 2 February {{small|(as ''Universiteit Indonesia'')}}&lt;br /&gt;1955, 11 July {{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Jakarta]] and [[Depok]], [[West Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Universitas Indonesia |url=https://www.ui.ac.id/ |access-date=2024-02-17 |website=Universitas Indonesia |language=id-ID}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 003<br /> | '''[[University of North Sumatra]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Sumatera Utara''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| USU<br /> | 1952, 20 August<br /> | [[Medan]], [[North Sumatra]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Beranda {{!}} Universitas Sumatera Utara |url=https://www.usu.ac.id/id |access-date=2024-02-17 |website=Website Universitas Sumatera Utara}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 004<br /> | '''[[Airlangga University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Airlangga''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNAIR<br /> | 1954, 1 November<br /> | [[Surabaya]], [[East Java]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|7|16|18|S|112|45|29|E}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Beranda UNAIR |url=https://unair.ac.id/ |access-date=2024-02-17 |website=Universitas Airlangga Official Website |language=id-ID}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 005<br /> | '''[[University of Hasanuddin]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Hasanuddin''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNHAS<br /> | 1956, 10 September<br /> | [[Makassar]], [[South Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unhas.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 006<br /> | '''[[Universitas Andalas|Andalas University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Andalas''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNAND<br /> | 1955, 13 September <br /> | [[Padang]], [[West Sumatra]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unand.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 007<br /> | '''[[Padjadjaran University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Padjadjaran''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNPAD<br /> | 1957, 11 September<br /> | [[Bandung]] and Jatinangor, [[West Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unpad.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 008<br /> | '''[[Diponegoro University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Diponegoro''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNDIP<br /> | 1957, 9 January<br /> | [[Semarang]], [[Central Java]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|-7.049|110.438|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.undip.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 009<br /> | '''[[Sriwijaya University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Sriwijaya''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNSRI<br /> | 1960, 29 October<br /> | [[Palembang]] and Indralaya, [[South Sumatra]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unsri.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 010<br /> | '''[[Lambung Mangkurat University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Lambung Mangkurat''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| ULM<br /> | 1958, 1 September <br /> | [[Banjarmasin]] and [[Banjarbaru]], [[South Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| A<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.ulm.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 011<br /> | '''[[Syiah Kuala University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Syiah Kuala''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| USK<br /> | 1961, 2 September<br /> | [[Banda Aceh]], [[Aceh]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.usk.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 012<br /> | '''[[Sam Ratulangi University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Sam Ratulangi''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNSRAT<br /> | 1965, 14 September<br /> | [[Manado]], [[North Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unsrat.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 013<br /> | '''[[Udayana University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Udayana''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNUD<br /> | 1962, 17 August<br /> | [[Badung]], [[Bali]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|8|47|56|S|115|10|19|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unud.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 014<br /> | '''[[University of Nusa Cendana]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Nusa Cendana''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNDANA<br /> | 1962, 1 September<br /> | [[Kupang]], [[East Nusa Tenggara]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|-10.1545227|123.6590252|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.undana.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 015<br /> | '''[[Mulawarman University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Mulawarman''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNMUL<br /> | 1962, 27 September <br /> | [[Samarinda]], [[East Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unmul.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 016<br /> | '''[[University of Mataram]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Mataram''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNRAM<br /> | 1962, 1 October<br /> | [[Mataram (city)|Mataram]], [[West Nusa Tenggara]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unram.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 017<br /> | '''[[University of Riau]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Riau''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNRI<br /> | 1962, 1 September<br /> | [[Pekanbaru]], [[Riau]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|0.4764|101.3806|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| A<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unri.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 018<br /> | '''[[Cenderawasih University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Cenderawasih''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNCEN<br /> | 1962, 10 November<br /> | [[Jayapura]], [[Papua (province)|Papua]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.uncen.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 019<br /> | '''[[University of Brawijaya]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Brawijaya''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UB<br /> | 1963, 5 January<br /> | [[Malang]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.ub.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 020<br /> | '''[[University of Jambi]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Jambi''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNJA<br /> | 1963, 26 March<br /> | [[Jambi (city)]], [[Jambi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unja.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 021<br /> | '''[[Pattimura University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Pattimura''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNPATTI<br /> | 1963, 23 April<br /> | [[Ambon, Maluku|Ambon]], [[Maluku (province)|Maluku]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unpatti.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 022<br /> | '''[[Tanjungpura University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Tanjungpura''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNTAN<br /> | 1959, 20 May<br /> | [[Pontianak, Indonesia|Pontianak]], [[West Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| A<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.untan.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 023<br /> | '''[[Jenderal Soedirman University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Jenderal Soedirman''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNSOED<br /> | 1963, 23 September <br /> | [[Purwokerto]] and [[Purbalingga]], [[Central Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| A<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unsoed.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 024<br /> | '''[[University of Palangkaraya]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Palangkaraya''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UPR<br /> | 1963, 10 November <br /> | [[Palangka Raya]], [[Central Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.upr.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 025<br /> | '''[[University of Jember]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Jember''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNEJ<br /> | 1964, 10 November <br /> | [[Jember]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.unej.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 026<br /> | '''[[Lampung University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Lampung''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNILA<br /> | 1965, 22 September<br /> | [[Bandar Lampung]], [[Lampung]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|5|21|52.24|S|105|14|36.38|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unila.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 027<br /> | '''[[Sebelas Maret University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Sebelas Maret''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNS<br /> | 1976, 11 March<br /> | [[Surakarta]], [[Central Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.uns.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 028<br /> | '''[[Tadulako University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Tadulako''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNTAD<br /> | 1981, 1 May<br /> | [[Palu]], [[Central Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.untad.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 029<br /> | '''[[Haluoleo University|Halu Oleo University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Halu Oleo''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UHO<br /> | 1981, 19 August<br /> | [[Kendari]], [[Southeast Sulawesi]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|4|0|31.72|S|122|31|21.65|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.uho.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 030<br /> | '''[[University of Bengkulu]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Bengkulu''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNIB<br /> | 1982, 24 April<br /> | [[Bengkulu (city)]], [[Bengkulu]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|3|45|35.27|S|102|16|20.8|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unib.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 031<br /> | '''[[Universitas Terbuka|Indonesia Open University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Terbuka''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UT<br /> | 1984, 4 September <br /> | [[South Tangerang]], [[Banten]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|6| 20|41.6|S|106|45|29.11|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| A<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.ut.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 032<br /> | '''[[State University of Padang]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Negeri Padang''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNP<br /> | 1954, 23 October<br /> | [[Padang]], [[West Sumatra]]&lt;br /&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unp.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 033<br /> | '''[[State University of Malang]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Negeri Malang''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UM<br /> | 1954, 18 October<br /> | [[Malang]] and [[Blitar]], [[East Java]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|7|57|46.78|S|112|37|6.41|E}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.um.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 034<br /> | '''[[Indonesia University of Education]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UPI<br /> | 1954, 20 October<br /> | [[Bandung]], [[West Java]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|6|51|48.24|S|107|35|39.48|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.upi.edu/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 035<br /> | '''[[State University of Manado]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Negeri Manado''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNIMA<br /> | 1955, 22 September<br /> | [[Minahasa Regency|Minahasa]], [[North Sulawesi]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|1|15|59.7|N|124|52|59.4|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unima.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 036<br /> | '''[[State University of Makassar]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Negeri Makassar''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNM<br /> | 1961, 1 August<br /> | [[Makassar]], [[South Sulawesi]]&lt;br /&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unm.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 037<br /> | '''[[State University of Jakarta]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Negeri Jakarta''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNJ<br /> | 1964, 16 May <br /> | [[Jakarta]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|6|11|40.2|S|106|52|43.7|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unj.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 038<br /> | '''[[Yogyakarta State University|State University of Yogyakarta]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNY<br /> | 1964, 21 May <br /> | [[Sleman]] and [[Yogyakarta]], [[Special Region of Yogyakarta]]&lt;br /&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.uny.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 039<br /> | '''[[State University of Surabaya]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Negeri Surabaya''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNESA<br /> | 1964, 19 December<br /> | [[Surabaya]], [[East Java]]&lt;br /&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unesa.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 040<br /> | '''[[State University of Medan]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Negeri Medan''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNIMED<br /> | 1956<br /> | [[Medan]], [[North Sumatra]]&lt;br /&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| A<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unimed.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 041<br /> | '''[[State University of Semarang]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Negeri Semarang''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNNES<br /> | 1965<br /> | [[Semarang]], [[Central Java]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|7|2| 55.4|S|110|23|22.7|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unnes.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 042<br /> | '''[[Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNTIRTA<br /> | 1981<br /> | [[Serang]] and [[Cilegon]], [[Banten]]&lt;br /&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.untirta.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 043<br /> | '''[[Trunojoyo University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Trunojoyo''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNIJOYO<br /> | 1964, 15 August<br /> | [[Bangkalan Regency|Bangkalan]], [[East Java]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{Coord|7|7|39.9|S|112|43|23.1|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.trunojoyo.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 044<br /> | '''[[Khairun University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Khairun''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNKHAIR<br /> | 1964, 15 August<br /> | [[Ternate]], [[North Maluku]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{Coord|0|45|45.2|N|127|20|10.6|E}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unkhair.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 045<br /> | '''[[University of Papua]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Papua''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNIPA<br /> | 2000, 3 November<br /> | [[Manokwari]], [[West Papua (province)|West Papua]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unipa.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 046<br /> | '''[[Malikussaleh University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Malikussaleh''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNIMAL<br /> | 1969, 12 June<br /> | [[North Aceh Regency|North Aceh]], [[Aceh]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|5|14|2.56|N|96|59|14.22|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unimal.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 047<br /> | '''[[State University of Gorontalo]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Negeri Gorontalo''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNG<br /> | 1963, 1 September<br /> | [[Gorontalo (city)|Gorontalo]], [[Gorontalo]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|0|33|23.07|N|123|3|48.98|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.ung.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 048<br /> | '''[[Ganesha University of Education]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNDIKSHA<br /> | 2006, 11 Mei<br /> | [[Singaraja]], [[Bali]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| A<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.undiksha.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 049<br /> | '''[[University of Bangka Belitung]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Bangka Belitung''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UBB<br /> | 2006, 12 April<br /> | [[Pangkalpinang]], [[Bangka Belitung]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|2|4|11.8|S|106|4|38.7|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.ubb.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 050<br /> | '''[[Borneo Tarakan University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Borneo Tarakan''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UBT<br /> | 1999, 9 October<br /> | [[Tarakan]], [[North Kalimantan]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|3|18|11.3|N|117|38|55.8|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.ubt.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 051<br /> | '''[[Musamus Merauke University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Musamus Merauke''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNMUS<br /> | 2001, 26 January<br /> | [[Merauke]], [[South Papua]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|8|31|54.7|S|140|25|1.5|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}} <br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unmus.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 052<br /> | '''[[:id:Universitas Maritim Raja Ali Haji|Raja Ali Haji Maritime University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Maritim Raja Ali Haji''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UMRAH<br /> | 2007, 1 August<br /> | [[Tanjungpinang]], [[Riau Islands]]&lt;br /&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}} <br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.umrah.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 053<br /> | '''[[Samudra University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Samudra''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNSAM<br /> | 1985, 22 October<br /> | [[Langsa]], [[Aceh]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|4|27|27.4|N|97|58|17.3|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}} <br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unsam.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 054<br /> | '''[[Universitas Sulawesi Barat|University of West Sulawesi]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Sulawesi Barat''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNSULBAR<br /> | 2004, 22 September<br /> | [[Majene]], [[West Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unsulbar.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 055<br /> | '''[[Sembilanbelas November University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Sembilanbelas November''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| USN<br /> | 1984, 16 April<br /> | [[Kolaka Regency|Kolaka]], [[Southeast Sulawesi]]&lt;br /&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.usn.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 056<br /> | '''[[Tidar University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Tidar''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNTIDAR<br /> | 1980<br /> | [[Magelang]], [[Central Java]]&lt;br /&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B <br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.untidar.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 057<br /> | '''[[Siliwangi University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Siliwangi''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNSIL<br /> | 1978<br /> | [[Tasikmalaya]], [[West Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B <br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unsil.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 058<br /> | '''[[Teuku Umar University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Teuku Umar''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UTU<br /> | 2006, 10 November<br /> | [[Meulaboh]], [[Aceh]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|4|8|44.2|N|96|11|50.4|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.utu.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 059<br /> | '''[[University of Pembangunan Nasional Veteran|University of National Development &quot;Veteran&quot; East Java]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Pembangunan Nasional &quot;Veteran&quot; Jawa Timur''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UPNVJT<br /> | 1959, 5 July<br /> | [[Surabaya]], [[East Java]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|7|20|0| S|112|47|24|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| A<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.upnjatim.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 060<br /> | '''[[Timor University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Timor''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNIMOR<br /> | 2000, 16 July<br /> | [[North Central Timor Regency|North Central Timor]], [[East Nusa Tenggara]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{Coord|9|30|45.7|S|124|30|41.8|E}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unimor.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 061<br /> | '''[[:id:Universitas Pembangunan Nasional &quot;Veteran&quot; Jakarta|University of National Development &quot;Veteran&quot; Jakarta]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Pembangunan Nasional &quot;Veteran&quot; Jakarta''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UPNVJ<br /> | 1967, 21 February <br /> | [[Jakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.upnvj.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 062<br /> | '''[[:id:Universitas Pembangunan Nasional &quot;Veteran&quot; Yogyakarta|University of National Development &quot;Veteran&quot; Yogyakarta]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Pembangunan Nasional &quot;Veteran&quot; Yogyakarta''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UPNYK<br /> | 1958, 15 December<br /> | [[Sleman]], [[Special Region of Yogyakarta]]&lt;br /&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B <br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.upnyk.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 063<br /> | '''[[University of Singaperbangsa Karawang]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Singaperbangsa Karawang''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNSIKA<br /> | 1982, 2 February<br /> | [[Karawang]], [[West Java]]&lt;br /&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B <br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unsika.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Public institutes===<br /> <br /> There are 13 Public Institutes in Indonesia: 5 Institutes of Technology, 1 Institute of Agriculture, 4 Institute of Arts (ISI), and 3 Institute of Arts and Culture (ISBI).<br /> <br /> Two more Institute of Arts and Culture is planned in East Kalimantan and South Sulawesi. However, ISBI Kaltim and ISBI Sulsel in form of ISI Yogyakarta and ISI Surakarta's PSDKU has no definite timeline in being separated.<br /> <br /> {{Sticky header}}{{Sort under}}<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable sticky-header-multi sort-under&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;width:5%&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Code&lt;br&gt;{{small|002-}}<br /> ! style=&quot;width:30%&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| Name<br /> ! style=&quot;width:10%&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| Abbrev.<br /> ! style=&quot;width:10%&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Year Founded<br /> ! style=&quot;width:30%&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot;| Location<br /> ! style=&quot;width:10%&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Accred.<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; style=&quot;width:5%&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ref<br /> |-<br /> ! Province<br /> ! City<br /> |-<br /> | 001<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''[[Bandung Institute of Technology]]'''&lt;br&gt;{{resize|90%|({{lang|id|Institut Teknologi Bandung|italic=no}})}}<br /> | ITB<br /> | 1920<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flag|West Java}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Bandung]]&lt;br&gt;{{small|{{coord|6|53|27.25|S|107|36|37.36|E|name=Bandung Institute of Technology|}}}}<br /> | {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | [http://www.itb.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 002<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''[[Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology]]'''&lt;br&gt;{{resize|90%|({{lang|id|Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember|italic=no}})}}<br /> | ITS<br /> | 1957<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flag|East Java}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Surabaya]]&lt;br&gt;{{small|{{coord|7|16|54|S|112|47|41|E|name=Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology|}}}}<br /> | {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | [http://www.its.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 003<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''[[IPB University]]'''&lt;br&gt;{{resize|90%|({{lang|id|Institut Pertanian Bogor|italic=no}})}}<br /> | IPB<br /> | 1963<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flag|West Java}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Bogor Regency|Bogor]]<br /> | {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | [http://www.ipb.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 005<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''[[Indonesian Institute of the Arts, Yogyakarta]]'''&lt;br&gt;{{resize|90%|({{lang|id|Institut Seni Indonesia Yogyakarta|italic=no}})}}<br /> | ISI Yogyakarta<br /> | 1984<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flag|Special Region of Yogyakarta}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Bantul Regency|Bantul]]&lt;br&gt;{{small|{{coord|7|51|08.6|S|110|21|21.21|E|name=Indonesian Institute of the Arts, Yogyakarta}}}}<br /> | A<br /> | [http://www.isi.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 007<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''[[Indonesian Institute of the Arts, Denpasar]]'''&lt;br&gt;{{resize|90%|({{lang|id|Institut Seni Indonesia Denpasar|italic=no}})}}<br /> | ISI Denpasar<br /> | 1967<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flag|Bali}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Denpasar]]&lt;br&gt;{{small|{{coord|8|39|12.93|S|115|13|57.5|E|name=Indonesian Institute of the Arts, Denpasar|}}}}<br /> | A<br /> | [https://www.isi-dps.ac.id]<br /> |-<br /> | 008<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''[[Indonesian Institute of the Arts, Surakarta]]'''&lt;br&gt;{{resize|90%|({{lang|id|Institut Seni Indonesia Surakarta|italic=no}})}}<br /> | ISI Surakarta<br /> | 1964<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flag|Central Java}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Surakarta]]<br /> | {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | [http://www.isi-ska.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 009<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''Indonesian Institute of the Arts, Padang Panjang'''&lt;br&gt;{{resize|90%|({{lang|id|Institut Seni Indonesia Padang Panjang|italic=no}})}}<br /> | ISI Padang Panjang <br /> | 1965<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flag|West Sumatra}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Padang Panjang]]<br /> | B<br /> | [http://www.isi-padangpanjang.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 010<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''[[Bandung Institute of Indonesian Arts and Culture]]'''&lt;br&gt;{{resize|90%|({{lang|id|Institut Seni Budaya Indonesia Bandung|italic=no}})}}<br /> | ISBI Bandung<br /> | 1968<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flag|West Java}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Bandung]]<br /> | {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | [https://www.isbi.ac.id]<br /> |-<br /> | 011<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''Aceh Institute of Indonesian Arts and Culture'''&lt;br&gt;{{resize|90%|({{lang|id|Institut Seni Budaya Indonesia Aceh|italic=no}})}}<br /> | ISBI Aceh<br /> | 2014<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flag|Aceh}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Aceh Besar Regency|Great Aceh]]<br /> | {{small|Good}}<br /> | [http://isbiaceh.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 012<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''Tanah Papua Institute of Indonesian Arts and Culture'''&lt;br&gt;{{resize|90%|({{lang|id|Institut Seni Budaya Indonesia Tanah Papua|italic=no}})}}<br /> | ISBI Tanah Papua<br /> | 2014<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flag|Papua}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Jayapura]]<br /> | <br /> | [http://isbi-tanahpapua.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 013<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''[[Kalimantan Institute of Technology]]'''&lt;br&gt;{{resize|90%|({{lang|id|Institut Teknologi Kalimantan|italic=no}})}}<br /> | ITK<br /> | 2014<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flag|East Kalimantan}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Balikpapan]]&lt;br&gt;{{small|{{coord|1|09|01.5|S|116|51|39.2|E|name=Kalimantan Institute of Technology|}}}}<br /> | B<br /> | [http://www.itk.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 014<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''[[Sumatera Institute of Technology]]'''&lt;br&gt;{{resize|90%|({{lang|id|Institut Teknologi Sumatera|italic=no}})}}<br /> | ITERA<br /> | 2014<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flag|Lampung}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[South Lampung Regency|South Lampung]]<br /> | {{small|Good}}<br /> | [http://www.itera.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 015<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''Habibie Institute of Technology'''&lt;br&gt;{{resize|90%|({{lang|id|Institut Teknologi Bacharuddin Jusuf Habibie|italic=no}})}}<br /> | ITH<br /> | 2014<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flag|South Sulawesi}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Parepare]]<br /> | <br /> | [http://www.ith.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Public polytechnics===<br /> Currently, there are 44 Public Polytechnics in Indonesia. They consist of 1 Electronic Engineering Polytechnic, 2 Manufacturing Polytechnics, 1 Maritime Polytechnic, 1 Fishery Polytechnic, 1 Shipbuilding Polytechnic, 4 Agricultural Polytechnics, and 34 &quot;general&quot; Polytechnics.<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! PT Code&lt;br /&gt;{{small|005-}}<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Abbrev.<br /> ! Founding Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Accred.<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 001<br /> | '''Bandung Polytechnic for Manufacturing'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Manufaktur Bandung''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLMAN<br /> | 1977, 24 March<br /> | [[Bandung]], [[West Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.polman-bandung.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 002<br /> | '''[[Jakarta State Polytechnic]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Jakarta''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| PNJ<br /> | 1982, 22 September<br /> | [[Depok]], [[West Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.pnj.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 003<br /> | '''Medan State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Medan''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLMED<br /> | 1982, 20 September<br /> | [[Medan]], [[North Sumatra]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.polmed.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 004<br /> | '''Bandung State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Bandung''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLBAN<br /> | 1979, 27 January<br /> | [[Bandung]], [[West Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.polban.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 005<br /> | '''Semarang State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Semarang''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLINES<br /> | 1982, 6 August<br /> | [[Semarang]], [[Central Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| A<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.polines.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 006<br /> | '''[[Sriwijaya State Polytechnics|Sriwijaya State Polytechnic]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLSRI<br /> | 1982, 20 September<br /> | [[Palembang]], [[South Sumatra]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.polsri.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 007<br /> | '''Lampung State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Lampung''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLINELA<br /> | 1984, 7 April<br /> | [[Bandar Lampung]], [[Lampung]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.polinela.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 008<br /> | '''Ambon State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Ambon''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLNAM<br /> | 1987, 5 October<br /> | [[Ambon, Maluku|Ambon]], [[Maluku (province)]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.polnam.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 009<br /> | '''[[Padang State Polytechnic]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Padang''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| PNP<br /> | 1985, 12 March<br /> | [[Padang, Indonesia|Padang]], [[West Sumatra]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.pnp.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 010<br /> | '''Bali State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Bali''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| PNB<br /> | 1985, 3 December<br /> | [[Kuta]], [[Bali]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.pnb.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 011<br /> | '''Pontianak State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Pontianak''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLNEP<br /> | 1985, 3 December<br /> | [[Pontianak, Indonesia|Pontianak]], [[West Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.polnep.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 012<br /> | '''Ujung Pandang State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Ujung Pandang''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| PNUP<br /> | 1987, 10 May<br /> | [[Makassar]], [[South Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.poliupg.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 013<br /> | '''Manado State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Manado''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLIMDO<br /> | 1987, 9 November<br /> | [[Manado]], [[North Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.polimdo.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 014<br /> | '''[[Surabaya Shipbuilding State Polytechnic]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Perkapalan Negeri Surabaya''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| PPNS<br /> | 1987, 17 September&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://jdih.kemdikbud.go.id/arsip/permendikbud_tahun2014_nomor042.pdf |title= PERATURAN MENTERI PENDIDIKAN DAN KEBUDAYAAN REPUBLIK INDONESIA |date=2014 |website=jdih.kemdikbud.go.id |access-date=2021-04-05}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | [[Surabaya]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| A<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.ppns.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 015<br /> | '''Banjarmasin State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Banjarmasin''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLIBAN<br /> | 1987, 13 July<br /> | [[Banjarmasin]], [[South Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;width:1%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://www.poliban.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 016<br /> | '''Lhokseumawe State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Lhokseumawe''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| PNL<br /> | 1987, 5 October<br /> | [[Lhokseumawe]], [[Aceh]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.pnl.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 017<br /> | '''Kupang State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Kupang''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| PNK<br /> | 1985, 11 March<br /> | [[Kupang]], [[East Nusa Tenggara]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.pnk.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 018<br /> | '''[[Electronic Engineering Polytechnic Institute of Surabaya]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Elektronika Negeri Surabaya''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| PENS<br /> | 1986, 29 May<br /> | [[Surabaya]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| A<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.pens.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 019<br /> | '''Jember State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Jember''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLIJE<br /> | 1988, 29 October<br /> | [[Jember]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.polije.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 020<br /> | '''Pangkajene Kepulauan State Polytechnic for Agriculture'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Pertanian Negeri Pangkajene Kepulauan''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLIPANGKEP<br /> | 1990, 9 September<br /> | [[Pangkajene and Islands Regency|Pangkep]], [[South Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.politanipangkep.com/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 021<br /> | '''Kupang State Agricultural Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Pertanian Negeri Kupang''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLITANIKOE<br /> | 1984, 7 April<br /> | [[Kupang]], [[East Nusa Tenggara]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[https://politanikoe.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 022<br /> | '''Tual State Polytechnic for Fisheries'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Perikanan Negeri Tual''}} <br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLIKANT<br /> | 1997, 18 July<br /> | [[Tual]], [[Maluku (province)|Maluku]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.polikant.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 023<br /> | '''Malang State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Malang''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLINEMA<br /> | 1979, 27 January<br /> | [[Malang]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.polinema.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 024<br /> | '''Samarinda State Agricultural Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Pertanian Negeri Samarinda''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLITANI Samarinda<br /> | 1997, 28 April<br /> | [[Samarinda]], [[East Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.politanisamarinda.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 025<br /> | '''Payakumbuh State Agricultural Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Pertanian Negeri Payakumbuh''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| PPNP<br /> | 1989, 6 February<br /> | [[Payakumbuh]], [[West Sumatra]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [https://politanipyk.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 026<br /> | '''Samarinda State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Samarinda''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLNES<br /> | 1985, 3 December<br /> | [[Samarinda]], [[East Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.polnes.ac.id/]<br /> |- <br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 027<br /> | '''Creative Media State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Media Kreatif''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLIMEDIA<br /> | 2008, 8 October <br /> | [[Jakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.polimedia.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 028<br /> | '''Bangka Belitung State Polytechnic for Manufacturing'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Manufaktur Negeri Bangka Belitung''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLMANBABEL<br /> | 2010, 18 October<br /> | [[Sungailiat]], [[Bangka Belitung Islands]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [https://www.polman-babel.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 029<br /> | '''Batam State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Batam''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLIBATAM<br /> | 2010, 18 October<br /> | [[Batam]], [[Riau Islands]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[https://www.polibatam.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 030<br /> | '''Nusa Utara State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Nusa Utara''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLNUSTAR<br /> | 2011, 22 June<br /> | [[Tahuna, Indonesia|Tahuna]], [[North Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [https://www.polnustar.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 031<br /> | '''Bengkalis State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Bengkalis''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLBENG<br /> | 2011, 29 July<br /> | [[Bengkalis Regency|Bengkalis]], [[Riau]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.polbeng.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 032<br /> | '''Balikpapan State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Balikpapan''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLTEKBA<br /> | 2011, 9 September<br /> | [[Balikpapan]], [[East Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://poltekba.ac.id/website/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 033<br /> | '''Madura State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Madura''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLTERA<br /> | 2012<br /> | [[Sampang Regency|Sampang]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.poltera.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 034<br /> | '''Indonesia Maritime State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Maritim Negeri Indonesia''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLIMARIN<br /> | 2012, 19 September<br /> | [[Semarang]], [[Central Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [https://polimarin.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 035<br /> | '''Banyuwangi State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Banyuwangi''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLIWANGI<br /> | 2008<br /> | [[Banyuwangi Regency|Banyuwangi]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [https://www.poliwangi.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 036<br /> | '''Madiun State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Madiun''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| PNM<br /> | 2012, 30 October<br /> | [[Madiun]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.pnm.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 037<br /> | '''Fakfak State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Fakfak''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLINEF<br /> | 2012<br /> | [[Fakfak]], [[West Papua (province)|West Papua]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [https://polinef.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 038<br /> | '''Sambas State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Sambas''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLTESA<br /> | 2007<br /> | [[Sambas Regency|Sambas]], [[West Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [https://poltesa.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 039<br /> | '''Tanah Laut State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Tanah Laut''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLITALA<br /> | 2009, 25 September<br /> | [[Tanah Laut Regency|Tanah Laut]], [[South Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.politala.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 040<br /> | '''Subang State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Subang''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLSUB<br /> | 2014, 1 April<br /> | [[Subang Regency|Subang]], [[West Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [https://www.polsub.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 041<br /> | '''Ketapang State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Ketapang''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLITAP<br /> | 2006<br /> | [[Ketapang]], [[West Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [https://politap.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 042<br /> | '''Cilacap State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Cilacap''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| PNC<br /> | 2014, 3 October<br /> | [[Cilacap Regency|Cilacap]], [[Central Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[https://pnc.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 043<br /> | '''Indramayu State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Indramayu''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLINDRA<br /> | 2008, 8 July&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://docplayer.info/50205964-Peraturan-menteri-riset-teknologi-dan-pendidikan-tinggi-republik-indonesia-nomor-70-tahun-2016-tentang-statuta-politeknik-negeri-indramayu.html|title=PERATURAN MENTERI RISET, TEKNOLOGI, DAN PENDIDIKAN TINGGI REPUBLIK INDONESIA NOMOR 70 TAHUN 2016 TENTANG STATUTA POLITEKNIK NEGERI INDRAMAYU - PDF Free Download|website=docplayer.info}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | [[Indramayu Regency|Indramayu]], [[West Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;width:1%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://www.polindra.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 044<br /> | '''Nunukan State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Nunukan''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| PNN<br /> | 2014, 8 October<br /> | [[Nunukan Regency|Nunukan]], [[North Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> <br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[https://www.pnn.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Public community colleges===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! PT Code&lt;br /&gt;{{small|006-}}<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Abbrev.<br /> ! Founding Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Accred.<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 001<br /> | '''State Community College of Pacitan'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Akademi Komunitas Negeri Pacitan''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| AKN Pacitan<br /> | 2013, 11 October<br /> | [[Pacitan Regency|Pacitan]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://aknpacitan.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 002<br /> | '''State Community College of Putra Sang Fajar Blitar'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Akademi Komunitas Negeri Putra Sang Fajar Blitar''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| AKB<br /> | 2014, 17 October<br /> | [[Blitar]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.akb.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 003<br /> | '''State Community College of West Aceh'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Akademi Komunitas Negeri Aceh Barat''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| AKN Aceh Barat<br /> | 2014, 17 October<br /> | [[West Aceh Regency|West Aceh]], [[Aceh]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.aknacehbarat.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 004<br /> | '''State Community College of Rejang Lebong'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Akademi Komunitas Negeri Rejang Lebong''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| AKREL<br /> | 2018, 4 April<br /> | [[Rejang Lebong Regency|Rejang Lebong]], [[Bengkulu]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.akrel.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 005<br /> | '''State Community College of Arts and Culture Yogyakarta'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Akademi Komunitas Negeri Seni dan Budaya Yogyakarta''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| AKNSB Yogyakarta<br /> | 2020<br /> | [[Bantul Regency|Bantul]], [[Special Region of Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.aknyogya.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Public Religious higher education institutions==<br /> Public religious higher education institutions (PTKN) are under the responsibility of the [[Ministry of Religious Affairs (Indonesia)|Ministry of Religious Affairs]]. Technically and academically, the development of state religious universities is carried out by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia (Kemdikbudristek), while functionally it is carried out by the Ministry of Religion, all covering the five recognized religions in Indonesia, but not including Confucianism. There are three types of higher education institutions in the Muslim category, Public Islamic Universities (UIN), Public Islamic Institutes (IAIN), and Public Islamic Colleges (STAIN). Public Christian Institutes (IAKN) and Public Protestant Christian Colleges (STAKPN) in the Protestant Christian category. Public Catholic Colleges (STAKATN) in the Catholic category. Public Hindu Universities (UHN), Public Hindu Institutes (IAHN), and Public Hindu Colleges (STAHN) in the Hindu category. Public Buddhist Colleges (STABN) in the Buddhist category.<br /> <br /> === '''Public Islamic higher education institutions''' ===<br /> <br /> ==== Public Islamic Universities ====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! PT Code&lt;br /&gt;{{small|201-}}<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Abbrev.<br /> ! Founding Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Accred.<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 001<br /> | '''[[Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University Jakarta|State Islamic University of Syarif Hidayatullah]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | UIN Jakarta<br /> | 1957, 1 June&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''Akademi Dinas Ilmu Agama'')}}<br /> | [[South Tangerang]], [[Tangerang]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://uinjkt.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 002<br /> | '''[[Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University|State Islamic University of Sunan Kalijaga]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Kalijaga''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | UIN Suka<br /> | 1951, 26 September&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Sunan Kalijaga'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2004, June 21&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Sleman Regency|Sleman]], [[Special Region of Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://uin-suka.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 003<br /> | '''[[Maulana Malik Ibrahim State Islamic University Malang|State Islamic University of Maulana Malik Ibrahim]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | UIN Malang<br /> | 1957, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2004, June 21&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Malang]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://uin-malang.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 004<br /> | '''[[Sunan Gunung Djati State Islamic University Bandung|State Islamic University of Sunan Gunung Djati]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Gunung Djati''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | UIN Bandung<br /> | 1968, 8 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Sunan Gunung Djati'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2005, 10 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Bandung]], [[West Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://uinsgd.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 005<br /> | '''[[Sultan Syarif Kasim II State Islamic University|State Islamic University of Sultan Syarif Kasim]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Syarif Kasim''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | UIN Suska<br /> | 1970, 19 September&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Sulthan Syarif Qasim'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2005, 4 January&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Pekanbaru]], [[Riau]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://uin-suska.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 006<br /> | '''[[Alauddin Islamic State University|State Islamic University of Alauddin]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | UIN Alauddin<br /> | 1965, 28 October<br /> | [[Makassar]], [[South Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://uin-alauddin.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 007<br /> | '''[[Sunan Ampel State Islamic University Surabaya|State Islamic University of Sunan Ampel]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Ampel''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | UINSA<br /> | 1965&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Sunan Ampel'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2013, 1 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Surabaya]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://uinsby.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 008<br /> | '''[[State Islamic University of North Sumatra]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | UINSU<br /> | 1973, 19 November&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Sumatera Utara'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2014, 17 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Medan]], [[North Sumatra]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://uinsu.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 009<br /> | '''[[Raden Fatah State Islamic University|State Islamic University of Raden Fatah]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Fatah''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | UIN Palembang<br /> | 1964, 13 November&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Raden Fatah'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2014, 17 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Palembang]], [[South Sumatra]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://radenfatah.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 010<br /> | '''[[Walisongo State Islamic University|State Islamic University of Walisongo]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | UIN Walisongo<br /> | 1970, 6 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Walisongo'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2013, 1 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Semarang]], [[Central Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | A<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://walisongo.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 011<br /> | '''[[Ar-Raniry State Islamic University|State Islamic University of Ar-Raniry]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | UINAR<br /> | 1960&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Ar-Raniry'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2013, 1 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(s current university)}}<br /> | [[Banda Aceh]], [[Aceh]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://ar-raniry.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 012<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Sultan Maulana Hasanuddin'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Maulana Hasanuddin''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | UIN Banten<br /> | 2017, 7 April<br /> | [[Serang]], [[Banten]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://uinbanten.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 013<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Imam Bonjol'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Imam Bonjol''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | UINIB<br /> | 1966, 29 November&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Imam Bonjol'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2017, 7 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Padang]], [[West Sumatra]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://uinib.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 014<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Raden Intan'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Intan''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | UINRIL<br /> | 1968, 26 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Raden Intan'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2017, 3 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Bandar Lampung]], [[Lampung]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://radenintan.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 015<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Mataram'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Mataram''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | UIN Mataram<br /> | 1966&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Mataram'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2017, 7 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Mataram (city)|Mataram]], [[West Nusa Tenggara]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://uinmataram.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 016<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Sultan Thaha Saifuddin'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Thaha Saifuddin''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | UINSTS<br /> | 1967, 8 September&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Sultan Thaha Saifuddin'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2017, 7 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Jambi (city)]], [[Jambi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://uinjambi.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 017<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Antasari'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Antasari''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | UIN Antasari<br /> | 1964, 20 November&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Antasari'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2017, 3 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Banjarmasin]], [[South Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://uin-antasari.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 018<br /> | '''International Islamic University of Indonesia'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Internasional Indonesia''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | UIII<br /> | 2016, 29 June<br /> | [[Depok]], [[West Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://uii.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 019<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Sayyid Ali Rahmatullah'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Sayyid Ali Rahmatullah''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | UIN Satu<br /> | 2021, 11 May<br /> | [[Tulungagung Regency|Tulungagung]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://uinsatu.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 020<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Professor Kiai Haji Saifuddin Zuhri'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Profesor Kiai Haji Saifuddin Zuhri''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | UIN Saizu<br /> | 1997, 21 Maret&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Purwokerto'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2014&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Purwokerto'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2021, 11 May&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Purwokerto]], [[Central Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://uinsaizu.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 021<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Raden Mas Said'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Mas Said''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | UIN Surakarta<br /> | 1992, 12 September&lt;br /&gt;1997&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Surakarta'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2011&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Surakarta'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2021, 11 May&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Surakarta]], [[Central Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://uinsaid.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 022<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Sultan Aji Muhammad Idris'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Aji Muhammad Idris''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | UINSI<br /> | 1997, 21 Maret&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Samarinda'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2014&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Samarinda'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2021, 11 May&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Samarinda]], [[East Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://uinsi.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 023<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Kiai Haji Achmad Siddiq'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Kiai Haji Achmad Siddiq''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | UINKHAS<br /> | 1997, 21 Maret&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Jember'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2014&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Jember'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2021, 11 May&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Jember Regency|Jember]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://uinkhas.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 024<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Fatmawati Sukarno'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Fatmawati Sukarno''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | UINFAS<br /> | 1997, 21 Maret&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Bengkulu'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2014&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Bengkulu'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2021, 11 May&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Bengkulu (city)]], [[Bengkulu]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://uinfasbengkulu.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 025<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Datokarama'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Datokarama''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | UIN Palu<br /> | 1997, 21 Maret&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Datokarama'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2021, 8 July&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Palu]], [[Central Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [https://uindatokarama.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 026<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Mahmud Yunus'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Mahmud Yunus''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | UIN Batusangkar<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Batusangkar'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2015, 23 December&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Batusangkar'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2022, 8 Juny&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Tanah Datar Regency|Tanah Datar]], [[West Sumatra]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://uinmybatusangkar.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 027<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Sjech M. Djamil Djambek'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Sjech M. Djamil Djambek''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | UIN Bukittinggi<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Bukittinggi'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2014, 18 December&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Bukittinggi'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2022, 8 Juny&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Bukittinggi]], [[West Sumatra]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [https://uinbukittinggi.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 028<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Kiai Haji Abdurrahman Wahid'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Kiai Haji Abdurrahman Wahid''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | UIN Pekalongan<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Pekalongan'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2016, 1 August&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Pekalongan'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2022, 8 Juny&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Pekalongan]], [[Central Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://uingusdur.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 029<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Syekh Ali Hasan Ahmad Addary'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Syekh Ali Hasan Ahmad Addary''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | UIN Syahda<br /> | 1997, 21 Maret&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Padangsidimpuan'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2013, 30 July&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Padangsidimpuan'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2022, 8 Juny&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Padang Sidempuan]], [[North Sumatra]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://uinsyahada.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 030<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Salatiga'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Salatiga''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | UIN Salatiga<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Salatiga'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2014, 17 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Salatiga'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2022, 8 Juny&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Salatiga]], [[Central Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://uinsalatiga.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 031<br /> | '''State Cyber Islamic University of Syekh Nurjati'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Siber Syekh Nurjati''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | UINSSC<br /> | 1997, 21 Maret&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Cirebon'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2009, 10 November&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Syekh Nurjati'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2024&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Cirebon]], [[West Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://syekhnurjati.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==== Public Islamic Institutes ====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! PT Code&lt;br /&gt;{{small|202-}}<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Abbrev.<br /> ! Founding Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Accred.<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 009<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Ambon'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Ambon''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | IAIN Ambon<br /> | 1997, 21 Maret&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Ambon'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2006, 9 December&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Ambon, Maluku|Ambon]], [[Maluku (province)|Maluku]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://iainambon.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 010<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Sultan Amai'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Sultan Amai''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | IAIN Gorontalo<br /> | 1997, 21 Maret&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Sultan Amai'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2004, 18 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Gorontalo (city)|Gorontalo]], [[Gorontalo]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://iaingorontalo.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 020<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Manado'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Manado''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | IAIN Manado<br /> | 1997, 30 June&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Manado'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2014, 17 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Manado]], [[North Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://iain-manado.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 021<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Palopo'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Palopo''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | IAIN Palopo<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Palopo'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2014, 17 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Palopo]], [[South Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://iainpalopo.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 022<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Sultan Qaimuddin'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Sultan Qaimuddin''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | IAIN Kendari<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Kendari'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2014, 17 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Kendari]], [[Southeast Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://iainkendari.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 024<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Ternate'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Ternate''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | IAIN Ternate<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Ternate'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2013, 30 July&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Ternate]], [[North Maluku]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://iain-ternate.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 025<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Zawiyah Cot Kala'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Zawiyah Cot Kala''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | IAIN Langsa<br /> | 1980, 14 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Langsa'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2014, 17 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Langsa]], [[Aceh]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://iainlangsa.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 026<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Palangka Raya'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Palangka Raya''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | IAIN Palangka Raya<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Pangka Raya'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2014, 17 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Palangka Raya]], [[Central Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://iain-palangkaraya.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 030<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Pontianak'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Pontianak''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | IAIN Pontianak<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Pontianak'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2013, 6 August&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Pontianak]], [[West Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://iainptk.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 033<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Metro'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Metro''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | IAIN Metro<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Jurai Siwo'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2016, 1 August&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Metro (city)|Metro]], [[Lampung]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://metrouniv.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 035<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Ponorogo'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Ponorogo''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | IAIN Ponorogo<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Ponorogo'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2016, 1 August&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Ponorogo]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://iainponorogo.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 036<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Kerinci'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Kerinci''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | IAIN Kerinci<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Kerinci'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2016, 1 August&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Kerinci Regency|Kerinci]], [[Jambi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://iainkerinci.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 037<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Lhokseumawe'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Lhokseumawe''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | IAIN Lhokseumawe<br /> | 2016, 1 August<br /> | [[Lhokseumawe]], [[Aceh]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://iainlhokseumawe.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 038<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Parepare'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Parepare''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | IAIN Parepare<br /> | 2008, 20 June&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Parepare'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2018, 5 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Parepare]], [[South Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://iainpare.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 039<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Curup'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Curup''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | IAIN Curup<br /> | 1997, 19 September&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Curup'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2018, 5 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Rejang Lebong Regency|Rejang Lebong]], [[Bengkulu]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://iainpare.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 040<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Fattahul Muluk'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Fattahul Muluk''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | IAIN Jayapura<br /> | 2006, 20 July&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Al-Fatah'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2018, 5 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Jayapura]], [[Papua (province)|Papua]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://iainfmpapua.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 041<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Kudus'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Kudus''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | IAIN Kudus<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Kudus'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2018, 5 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Kudus, Indonesia|Kudus]], [[Central Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://iainkudus.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 042<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Madura'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Madura''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | IAIN Madura<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Pamekasan'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2018, 5 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Pamekasan Regency|Pamekasan]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://iainmadura.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 043<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Syaikh Abdurrahman Siddik'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Syaikh Abdurrahman Siddik''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | IAIN Babel<br /> | 2004, 18 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Syaikh Abdurrahman Siddik'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2018, 5 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Bangka Regency|Bangka]], [[Bangka Belitung Islands]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://iainsasbabel.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 044<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Bone'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Bone''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | IAIN Bone<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Watampone'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2018, 5 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Bone Regency|Bone]], [[South Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://iain-bone.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 045<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Kediri'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Kediri''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | IAIN Kediri<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Kediri'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2018, 5 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Kediri (city)|Kediri]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://iainkediri.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 046<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Sorong'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Sorong''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | IAIN Sorong<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Sorong'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2020, 20 February&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Sorong]], [[West Papua (province)|West Papua]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://iainsorong.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 047<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Takengon'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Takengon''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | IAIN Takengon<br /> | 2012, 25 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Gajah Putih'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2020, 28 February&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Central Aceh Regency|Central Aceh]], [[Aceh]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://iain-takengon.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==== Public Islamic Colleges ====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! PT Code&lt;br /&gt;{{small|203-}}<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Abbrev.<br /> ! Founding Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Accred.<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 034<br /> | '''State Islamic College of Teungku Dirundeng Meulaboh'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Negeri Teungku Dirundeng Meulaboh''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | STAIN Meulaboh<br /> | 2014, 19 September<br /> | [[West Aceh Regency|West Aceh]], [[Aceh]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://staindirundeng.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 035<br /> | '''State Islamic College of Bengkalis'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Negeri Bengkalis''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | STAIN Bengkalis<br /> | 2014, 19 September<br /> | [[Bengkalis Regency|Bengkalis]], [[Riau]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://kampusmelayu.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 036<br /> | '''State Islamic College of Majene'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Negeri Majene''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | STAIN Majene<br /> | 2016, 31 August<br /> | [[Majene Regency|Majene]], [[West Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://stainmajene.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 037<br /> | '''State Islamic College of Mandailing Natal'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Negeri Mandailing Natal''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | STAIN Madina<br /> | 2019, 25 January<br /> | [[Mandailing Natal Regency|Mandailing Natal]], [[North Sumatra]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://stain-madina.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | 038<br /> | '''State Islamic College of Sultan Abdurrahman'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Negeri Sultan Abdurrahman Kepulauan Riau''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | STAIN Kepri<br /> | 2017, 13 March<br /> | [[Bintan Regency|Bintan]], [[Riau Islands]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [http://stainkepri.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === '''Public Christian higher education institutions''' ===<br /> <br /> ==== Public Christian Institutes ====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! PT Code&lt;br /&gt;{{small|222-}}<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Abbrev.<br /> ! data-sort-type=&quot;date&quot; | Founding Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Acred.&lt;ref name=&quot;banpt&quot; /&gt;<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |Link<br /> |-<br /> | 001<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | '''State Christian Institute of Tarutung'''<br /> {{small|''Institut Agama Kristen Negeri Tarutung''}}<br /> | IAKN Tarutung<br /> | 1 March 2018<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | [[North Sulawesi]]<br /> | Good<br /> | [http://iakntarutung.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 002<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | '''State Christian Institute of Manado'''<br /> {{small|''Institut Agama Kristen Negeri Manado''}}<br /> | IAKN Manado<br /> | 1 March 2018<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | [[North Sulawesi]]<br /> | Good<br /> | [https://iaknmanado.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 003<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | '''State Christian Institute of Ambon'''<br /> {{small|''Institut Agama Kristen Negeri Ambon''}}<br /> | IAKN Ambon<br /> | 1 March 2018<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | [[Maluku (province)|Maluku]]<br /> | B<br /> | [https://iaknmanado.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 004<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | '''State Christian Institute of Toraja'''<br /> {{small|''Institut Agama Kristen Negeri Toraja''}}<br /> | IAKN Toraja<br /> | 23 January 2020<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | [[South Sulawesi]]<br /> | Good<br /> | [http://iakntoraja.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 005<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | '''State Christian Institute of Kupang'''<br /> {{small|''Institut Agama Kristen Negeri Kupang''}}<br /> | IAKN Kupang<br /> | 23 January 2020<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | [[East Nusa Tenggara]]<br /> | Good<br /> | [http://www.iaknkupang.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 006<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | '''State Christian Institute of Palangka Raya'''<br /> {{small|''Institut Agama Kristen Negeri Palangka Raya''}}<br /> | IAKN Palangka Raya<br /> | 23 January 2020<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | [[Central Kalimantan]]<br /> |<br /> | [http://www.iaknkupang.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==== Public Protestant Christian Colleges ====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! PT Code&lt;br /&gt;{{small|223-}}<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Abbrev.<br /> ! data-sort-type=&quot;date&quot; | Founding Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Acred.&lt;ref name=&quot;banpt&quot; /&gt;<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |Link<br /> |-<br /> | 006<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |'''State Protestant Christian College of Sentani'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Sekolah Tinggi Agama Kristen Protestan Negeri Sentani''}}<br /> | STAKPN Sentani<br /> | 10 April 2001<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | [[Papua (province)|Papua]]<br /> | Good<br /> | [http://stakpnsentani.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === Public Catholic Colleges ===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! PT Code&lt;br /&gt;{{small|263-}}<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Abbrev.<br /> ! data-sort-type=&quot;date&quot; | Founding Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Acred.&lt;ref name=&quot;banpt&quot; /&gt;<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |Link<br /> |-<br /> | 001<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |'''State Catholic College of Pontianak'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Sekolah Tinggi Agama Katolik Negeri Pontianak''}}<br /> | STAKATN Pontianak<br /> | 6 April 2017<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | [[West Kalimantan]]<br /> | Good<br /> | [http://www.stakatnptk.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === '''Public Hindu higher education institutions''' ===<br /> <br /> ==== Public Hindu Universities ====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! PT Code&lt;br /&gt;{{small|241-}}<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Abbrev.<br /> ! data-sort-type=&quot;date&quot; | Founding Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Acred.&lt;ref name=&quot;banpt&quot; /&gt;<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |Link<br /> |-<br /> | 001<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |'''State Hindu University of I Gusti Bagus Sugriwa'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Hindu Negeri I Gusti Bagus Sugriwa''}}<br /> | UHN Sugriwara<br /> | 23 January 2020<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | [[Bali]]<br /> | Very Good<br /> | [http://www.stakatnptk.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==== Public Hindu Institutes ====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! PT Code&lt;br /&gt;{{small|242-}}<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Abbrev.<br /> ! data-sort-type=&quot;date&quot; | Founding Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Acred.&lt;ref name=&quot;banpt&quot; /&gt;<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |Link<br /> |-<br /> | 002<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |'''State Hindu Institute of Tampung Penyang'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Hindu Negeri Tampung Penyang''}}<br /> | IAHN TP<br /> | 6 September 1986<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | [[Central Kalimantan]]<br /> | Good<br /> | [https://iahntp.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 003<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |'''State Hindu Institute of Gde Pudja'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Hindu Negeri Gde Pudja''}}<br /> | IAHN Gde Pudja<br /> | 11 July 2001<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | [[West Nusa Tenggara]]<br /> | Good<br /> | [https://iahn-gdepudja.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==== Public Hindu Colleges ====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! PT Code&lt;br /&gt;{{small|243-}}<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Abbrev.<br /> ! data-sort-type=&quot;date&quot; | Founding Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Acred.&lt;ref name=&quot;banpt&quot; /&gt;<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |Link<br /> |-<br /> | 008<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |'''State Hindu College of Mpu Kuturan'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Sekolah Tinggi Agama Hindu Negeri Mpu Kuturan''}}<br /> | STAHN Mpu Kuturan<br /> | 21 March 2016<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | [[Bali]]<br /> | Very Good<br /> | [http://www.stakatnptk.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === '''Public Buddhist higher education institutions''' ===<br /> <br /> ==== Public Buddhist Colleges ====<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! PT Code&lt;br /&gt;{{small|242-}}<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Abbrev.<br /> ! data-sort-type=&quot;date&quot; | Founding Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Acred.&lt;ref name=&quot;banpt&quot; /&gt;<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |Link<br /> |-<br /> | 001<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |'''State Buddhist College of Sriwijaya'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Sekolah Tinggi Agama Buddha Negeri Sriwijaya''}}<br /> | STABN Sriwijaya<br /> | 20 May 2002<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | [[Banten]]<br /> | B<br /> | [https://iahntp.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 002<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |'''State Buddhist College of Raden Wijaya'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Sekolah Tinggi Agama Buddha Negeri Raden Wijaya''}}<br /> | STABN Raden Wijaya<br /> | 25 January 2007<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | [[Central Java]]<br /> | B<br /> | [https://iahn-gdepudja.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Service higher education institutions ==<br /> Service higher education institutions are higher education institution that are under the auspices of government institutions (ministries) as education providers with a civil service bond or cadreship system.<br /> <br /> === Ministry of Home Affairs ===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! PT Code&lt;br /&gt;{{small|342-}}<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Abbrev.<br /> ! data-sort-type=&quot;date&quot; | Founding Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Acred.&lt;ref name=&quot;banpt&quot; /&gt;<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |Link<br /> |-<br /> | 001<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|'''Institute of Home Affairs'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;Institut Pemerintahan Dalam Negeri&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | IPDN<br /> | 1956<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | [[West Java]]<br /> | Very Good<br /> | [https://ipdn.ac.id]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources ===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! PT Code&lt;/br&gt;{{small|355-}}<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Abbrev.<br /> ! data-sort-type=&quot;date&quot; | Founding Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Acred.&lt;ref name=&quot;banpt&quot; /&gt;<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |Link<br /> |-<br /> | 001<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |'''Akamigas Energy and Mineral Polytechnic'''&lt;/br&gt;&lt;small&gt;Politeknik Energi dan Mineral Akamigas&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | PEM AKAMIGAS<br /> | 1967<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | [[Central Java]]<br /> | B<br /> | [https://www.akamigas.ac.id]<br /> |-<br /> | 002<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |'''Bandung Energy and Mining Polytechnic'''&lt;/br&gt;&lt;small&gt;Politeknik Energi dan Pertambangan Bandung&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | PEP BANDUNG<br /> | 2019<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | [[West Java]]<br /> | Good<br /> | [https://pepbandung.ac.id]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === Ministry of Law and Human Rights ===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! PT Code&lt;br&gt;{{small|365-}}<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Abbrev.<br /> ! data-sort-type=&quot;date&quot; | Founding Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Acred.&lt;ref name=&quot;banpt&quot; /&gt;<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |Link<br /> |-<br /> | 001<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |'''Correctional Science Polytechnic'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;Politeknik Ilmu Pemasyarakatan&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | POLTEKIP<br /> | 1962<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | [[West Java]]<br /> |<br /> | [http://www.poltekip.ac.id]<br /> |-<br /> | 002<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |'''Immigration Polytechnic'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;Politeknik Imigrasi&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | POLTEKIM<br /> | 1962<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | [[West Java]]<br /> |<br /> | [https://pepbandung.ac.id]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Private universities==<br /> These notable private universities are owned, funded and managed by private organizations, including those affiliated with Islamic ([[Muhammadiyah]]), Catholic or Christian socio-religious organizations.<br /> <br /> ===Jakarta===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Name in English !!style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Name in Indonesian !!style=&quot;width:5%;&quot;|Acronym !!style=&quot;width:5%;&quot;|Foundation !! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; style=&quot;width:5%;&quot; |Reference !!style=&quot;width:15%;&quot;|Website<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Al-Azhar University of Indonesia]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Al-Azhar Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UAI<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1960<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.uai.ac.id/|title= Official website |website=uai.ac.id|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230105043930/http://www.uai.ac.id/ |access-date=2023-01-05|archive-date= 2023-01-05 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.uai.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Asian Banking Finance and Informatic Institute Perbanas<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|STIE Perbanas <br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|ABFI-PERBANAS<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1969<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.perbanasinstitute.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Katolik Atma Jaya<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|STMIK Jakarta STI&amp;K<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1960<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;|{{url|http://www.atmajaya.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Bakrie University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Bakrie<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| UB<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|2006<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bakrie.ac.id/en/|title=Experience The Real Things &amp;#124; Universitas Bakrie|website=Bakrie.ac.id}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.bakrie.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Binus University|Bina Nusantara University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Bina Nusantara<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|Binus University<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1985<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.binus.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Bina Sarana Informatika|Bina Sarana Informatika University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Bina Sarana Informatika<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UBSI<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1988<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.bsi.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Borobudur University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Borobudur<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1982<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.universitasborobudur.ac.id/|title= Official website |website=Universitasborobudur.ac.id|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110609043930/http://www.universitasborobudur.ac.id/ |access-date=2021-04-05|archive-date= 2011-06-09 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.universitasborobudur.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Budi Luhur University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Budi Luhur<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UBL<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1979<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://pendaftaran.budiluhur.ac.id/|title=Beranda &amp;#124; PMB ONLINE Universitas Budi Luhur - Kampus Cerdas Berbudi Luhur|website=pendaftaran.budiluhur.ac.id}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.budiluhur.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Universitas Kristen Indonesia|Christian University of Indonesia]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Kristen Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UKI<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1953<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.uki.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Darma Persada University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Darma Persada<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNSADA<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1986<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.unsada.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;| Dian Nusantara University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Dian Nusantara<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNDIRA<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=id&amp;u=https://undira.ac.id/&amp;prev=search&amp;pto=aue|title=Google Translate|website=translate.google.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;|{{URL|https://undira.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Esa Unggul University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Esa Unggul<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UEU<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1993<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.esaunggul.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Indonesia Institute for Life Science<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Institut Bio Scientia Internasional Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|i3L<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|2013<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://i3l.ac.id/info/|title=i3L Undergraduate Program - Speak To Our Admission Team|website=I3l.ac.id|access-date=5 April 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;|{{URL|http://www.i3L.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[YARSI University|Indonesia Islamic Hospital Foundation University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Yayasan Rumah Sakit Islam Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|YARSI<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1967<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.yarsi.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Indraprasta PGRI University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Indraprasta PGRI<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNINDRA<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1982<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.unindra.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Informatics Management and Computer University of Jakarta<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Sekolah Tinggi Manajemen Informatika dan Komputer Jakarta<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|STMIK<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|2000<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.jak-stik.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Jakarta Institute of Arts<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Institut Kesenian Jakarta<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|IKJ<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1970<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.ikj.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Telkom University Jakarta<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Telkom Jakarta<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|Tel-U<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|2023<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-03-14 |title=Universitas Telkom Jakarta {{!}} &quot;Creating the Future&quot; |url=https://jakarta.telkomuniversity.ac.id/ |access-date=2024-03-15 |website=jakarta.telkomuniversity.ac.id |language=id-ID}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|https://jakarta.telkomuniversity.ac.id/}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Krida Wacana Christian University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Kristen Krida Wacana<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UKRIDA<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1967<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.ukrida.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Mercu Buana University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Mercubuana<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMB<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1985<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://pendaftaran.mercubuana.ac.id/|title=Pendaftaran Mercu Buana|first=Pendaftaran Mercu|last=Buana|website=pendaftaran.mercubuana.ac.id}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.mercubuana.ac.id}} <br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Muhammadiyah University of Jakarta<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMJ<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1955<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.umj.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Universitas Nasional|National University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Nasional<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNAS<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1949<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.unas.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Nusantara Institute of Business<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Institut Bisnis Nusantara<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|IBN<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1986<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.ibn.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Pancasila University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Pancasila<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UP<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1966<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.univpancasila.ac.id/index.php|title= Official website |website=Univpancasila.ac.id|access-date=2021-04-05}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.univpancasila.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Paramadina University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Paramadina<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UPM/PARMAD<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1998<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.paramadina.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Persada Indonesia - Indonesia Administration Foundation University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Persada Indonesia Yayasan Administrasi Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UPI YAI<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1985<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.yai.ac.id/upi/|title= Official website |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20111123121651/http://www.yai.ac.id/upi/ |access-date=2021-04-05|archive-date= 2011-11-23 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.yai.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|PPM School of Management<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Pendidikan dan Pembinaan Manajemen<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|PPM<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1967<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://ppm-manajemen.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Prof. Dr. HAMKA Muhammadiyah University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof. Dr. HAMKA<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UHAMKA<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1960<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.uhamka.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Prof. Moestopo University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Prof. Moestopo (Beragama)<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1961<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.moestopo.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;| Raffles Institute of Higher Education<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Raffles Institute of Higher Education<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|Raffles@Citywalk<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|2009<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Respati University of Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Respati Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|URINDO<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1978<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.urindo.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Sahid University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Sahid<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|USAHID<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1988<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://usahid.ac.id/|title= Official website |website=usahid.ac.id/|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150624021223/http://usahid.ac.id/ |access-date=2021-04-05|archive-date= 2015-06-24 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://usahid.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Tarumanagara University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Tarumanagara<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNTAR<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1962<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.tarumanagara.ac.id/|title= Official website |website=Tarumanagara.ac.id|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090427063641/http://www.tarumanagara.ac.id/ |access-date=2021-04-05|archive-date= 2009-04-27 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Trisakti University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Trisakti<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|USAKTI<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1965<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.trisakti.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[University of Bunda Mulia]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Bunda Mulia<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UBM<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1986<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.ubm.ac.id}}<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Banten===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[BINUS University Alam Sutera Main Campus]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Bina Nusantara Kampus Alam Sutera<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|BINUS<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2010<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Tangerang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.binus.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[International University Liaison Indonesia]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Lintas Internasional Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|IULI<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2014<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Tangerang]] <br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.iuli.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Multimedia Nusantara University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Media Nusantara<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNIMEDIA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2006<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|Gading [[Tangerang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.unimedia.ac.id/|title= Official website |website=Unimedia.ac.id|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110521140715/http://www.unimedia.ac.id/ |access-date=2021-04-05|archive-date= 2011-05-21 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Pamulang University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Pamulang<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNPAM<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2000<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[South Tangerang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://unpam.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Pelita Harapan University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Pelita Harapan<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UPH<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1993<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Karawaci, Tangerang|Karawaci]], [[Tangerang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.uph.edu/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Perguruan Tinggi Raharja]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Perguruan Tinggi Raharja Tangerang<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|RAHARJA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1994<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Tangerang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.raharja.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Prasetiya Mulya University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Prasetiya Mulya<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|PMBS, Prasmul, PMSBE<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1982<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[South Tangerang]] and [[Jakarta]] <br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.pmsbe.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Serang Raya University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Serang Raya<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNSERA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2001<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Serang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.unsera.ac.id]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Surya University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Surya<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|SU<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2013<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Tangerang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.surya.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Swiss German University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Swiss German University<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|SGU<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2000<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[South Tangerang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.sgu.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Syech Yusuf Islamic University of Tangerang<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Islam Syekh Yusuf Tangerang<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNIS<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1966<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Tangerang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.unistangerang.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Technology Institute of Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Institut Teknologi Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|ITI<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1984<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Tangerang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.iti.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===West Java===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Bandung Islamic University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Islam Bandung<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNISBA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1958<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Bandung]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.unisba.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Djuanda University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Djuanda<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNIDA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1987<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Bogor]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.unida.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Gunadarma University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Gunadarma<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|GUNDAR<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1981<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Depok]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.gunadarma.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; | [[Horizon University Indonesia]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; | Universitas Horizon Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; | HORIZONU<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; | 1991<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; | [[Karawang Regency|Karawang]]<br /> |[https://horizon.ac.id 22]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Ibn Khaldun University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Universitas Ibn Khaldun Bogor<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |UIKA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |1961<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bandung|Bogor]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.uika-bogor.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Indonesian Computer University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Universitas Komputer Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |UNIKOM<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |2001<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bandung]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.unikom.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Islamic 45 University of Bekasi<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Universitas Islam 45 Bekasi<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |UNISMA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |1982<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bekasi]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.unismabekasi.ac.id/]<br /> <br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Jayabaya University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Universitas Jayabaya<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |UJ<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |1958<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bogor]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.jayabaya.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |General Achmad Yani University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |UNJANI<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |1974<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Cimahi]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.unjani.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Langlangbuana University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Universitas Langlangbuana<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |UNLA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |1982<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bandung]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.unla.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |[[Maranatha Christian University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Universitas Kristen Maranatha<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |UKM<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |1965<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bandung]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.maranatha.edu/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |[[National Institute of Technology (Indonesia)|National Institute of Technology]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Institut Teknologi Nasional<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |ITENAS<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |1972<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bandung]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.itenas.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Nusantara Islamic University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Universitas Islam Nusantara<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |UNINUS<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |1959<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bandung]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.uninus.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Pakuan University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Universitas Pakuan<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |UNPAK<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |1980<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bogor]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.unpak.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |[[Universitas Katolik Parahyangan|Parahyangan Catholic University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Universitas Katolik Parahyangan<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |UNPAR<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |1955<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bandung]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.unpar.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Pasundan University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Universitas Pasundan<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |UNPAS<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |1960<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bandung]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.unpas.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |[[President University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Universitas Presiden<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |PresUniv<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |2001<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bekasi Regency|Bekasi]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.president.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Technology College of Garut<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi Garut<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |STTG<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |1991<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Garut]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.sttgarut.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |[[Telkom University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Telkom University<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |Tel-U<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |2013<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bandung]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.telkomuniversity.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |[https://uniku.ac.id Universitas Kuningan]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Universitas Kuningan<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |UNIKU<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |2003<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Kuningan]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.uniku.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Widyatama University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Universitas Widyatama<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |Widyatama<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |1973<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bandung]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.widyatama.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Kesatuan Institute of Business and Informatics<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Institut Bisnis dan Informatika Kesatuan<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |IBIK<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |1953<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bogor]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.ibik.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |PASIM National University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Universitas Nasional PASIM<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; | UNAS PASIM<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; | 1996<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bandung]]<br /> |[https://pasim.ac.id/sejarah]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Sony Sugema College of Information Technology<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi Informatika Sony Sugema<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |STTI<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |2001<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bandung]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[https://sttiss.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Yogyakarta Special Region===<br /> {{main|List of universities in Yogyakarta}}<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Ahmad Dahlan University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Ahmad Dahlan<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UAD<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1960<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.uad.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[AKPRIND Institute of Science and Technology]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Institut Sains dan Teknologi AKPRIND<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|IST AKPRIND<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1970<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.akprind.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Atma Jaya University, Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Atmajaya Yogyakarta<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UAJY<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1965<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.uajy.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[University of Amikom Yogyakarta|College of Information Management and Computer Science AMIKOM Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|STMIK AMIKOM Yogyakarta<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|AMIKOM<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1992<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.amikom.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Duta Wacana Christian University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Kristen Duta Wacana<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UKDW<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1945<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.ukdw.ac.id/2009/id/ |title=Universitas Kristen Duta Wacana |access-date=2011-05-27 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110602061852/http://www.ukdw.ac.id/2009/id/ |archive-date=2011-06-02 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Islamic University of Indonesia]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Islam Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UII<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1945<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.uii.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Mercu Buana University, Yogyakarta<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Mercubuana Yogyakarta<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMBY<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1985<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://mercubuana-yogya.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Muhammadiyah University of Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMY<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1980<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.umy.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Sanata Dharma University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Sanata Dharma<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|USD<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1955<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.usd.ac.id/en]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Aisyiyah University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Aisyiyah<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNISA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1991<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://stikes-aisyiyah-jogja.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; | General Achmad Yani University of Yogyakarta<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; | Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani Yogyakarta<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; | UNJAYA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; | 2018<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; | [[Sleman Regency|Sleman]]<br /> |<br /> [https://unjaya.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Central Java===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Academy of Information and Computer Management PGRI]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Akademi Manajemen Informatika dan Komputer PGRI<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|AMIK PGRI<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1993<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Kebumen Regency|Kebumen]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.amik-kebumen.ac.id]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[:id:Universitas STEKOM|University of Computer Science &amp; Technology]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Sains &amp; Teknologi Komputer<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|Univ STEKOM<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2020<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Semarang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://stekom.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Amikom University of Purwokerto<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Amikom Purwokerto<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|AMPU<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2005<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Purwokerto]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://www.amikompurwokerto.ac.id Link]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[ATMI Polytechnic]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Politeknik ATMI<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|ATMI<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1968<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Surakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.atmi.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Dharma Patria Polytechnic]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Politeknik Dharma Patria<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|POLDA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2002<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Kebumen Regency|Kebumen]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.politeknik-kebumen.ac.id]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Dian Nuswantoro University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Dian Nuswantoro<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UDINUS<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2001<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Semarang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.dinus.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Muhammadiyah Institute of Technology]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi Muhammadiyah<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|STTM<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2001<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Kebumen Regency|Kebumen]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.sttm.ac.id]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Muhammadiyah University of Magelang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMMGL<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1964<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Magelang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Official website|url=https://www.amikompurwokerto.ac.id|access-date=2021-06-28|website=amikompurwokerto.ac.id}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Muhammadiyah University of Purwokerto<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwoketo<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMP<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1964<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Purwokerto]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.ump.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Muhammadiyah University of Purworejo<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Purworejo<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMP<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1964<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Purworejo]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.um-pwr.ac.id/|title= Official website |website=Um-pwr.ac.id|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100801064525/http://www.um-pwr.ac.id/ |access-date=2021-04-05|archive-date= 2010-08-01 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Muhammadiyah University of Semarang<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNIMUS<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1997<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Semarang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://unimus.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMS<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1960<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Surakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.ums.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Muria Kudus University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muria Kudus<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMK<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1982<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Kudus, Indonesia|Kudus]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.umk.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Nahdlatul Ulama Islamic Institute ]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Institut Agama Islam Nahdlatul Ulama<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|IAINU<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1987<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Kebumen Regency|Kebumen]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.iainu-kebumen.ac.id]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Nahdlatul Ulama Islamic University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Islam Nahdlatul Ulama<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNISNU<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1991<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Jepara]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.unisnu.ac.id]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Nahdlatul Ulama Ma'arif University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Ma'arif Nahdlatul Ulama<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMNU<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2014<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Kebumen Regency|Kebumen]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.umnu-kebumen.ac.id] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200620023217/http://umnu-kebumen.ac.id/ |date=2020-06-20 }}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Putra Bangsa University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Putra Bangsa<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UPB<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2001<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Kebumen Regency|Kebumen]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.stieputrabangsa.ac.id]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Qur'anic Science University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Sains Al Qur'an<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNSIQ<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1988<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Wonosobo Regency|Wonosobo]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.unsiq.ac.id]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Satya Wacana Christian University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UKSW<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1956<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Salatiga]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.uksw.edu/id/|title= Official website |website=Uksw.edu|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110529082944/http://www.uksw.edu/id/ |access-date=2021-04-05|archive-date= 2011-05-29 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Soegijapranata Catholic University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Katolik Soegijapranata<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1964<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Semarang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.unika.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Sultan Agung Islamic University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Universitas Islam Sultan Agung]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNISSULA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1962<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Semarang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://unissula.ac.id Link]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===East Java===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|17 August 1945 University Surabaya<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Surabaya<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNTAG<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1958<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Surabaya]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.untag-sby.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Bina Nusantara University Malang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Bina Nusantara Malang<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|BINUS Malang<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2015<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Malang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://binus.ac.id/malang/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Ciputra University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Ciputra<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UC<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2006<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Surabaya]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://ciputra.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Institute of Health Education<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Institut Ilmu Kesehatan<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|IIK<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1985<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Kediri (city)|Kediri]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.iik.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Kertanegara University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu ekonomi Kertanegara Malang<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|STIEKMA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1982<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Malang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.stiekma.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Muhammadiyah University of Gresik<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Gresik<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMG<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1987<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Gresik]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.umg.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Muhammadiyah University of Jember<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Jember<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|Unmuh Jember<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1987<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Jember]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Home: Muhammadiyah University of Jember |url=http://www.unmuhjember.ac.id/ |access-date=February 17, 2024 |website=www.unmuhjember.ac.id}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;| Muhammadiyah University of Malang<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMM<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1964<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Malang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.umm.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Muhammadiyah University of Sidoarjo<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMSIDA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1987<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Sidoarjo]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.umsida.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Muhammadiyah University of Surabaya<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|Unmuh Surabaya<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1964<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Surabaya]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.um-surabaya.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Pelita Harapan University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Pelita Harapan<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UPH<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1993<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Surabaya]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://www.uph.edu//]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Petra Christian University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Kristen Petra<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UKP<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1961<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Surabaya]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.petra.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[University of Surabaya]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Surabaya<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UBAYA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1966<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Surabaya]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.ubaya.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Widya Mandala Catholic University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Katolik Widya Mandala<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UKWMS / WM<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1960<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Surabaya]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.ukwms.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Wijaya Kusuma University, Surabaya]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Wijaya Kusuma Surabaya<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UWK<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1980<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Surabaya]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://uwks.ac.id//]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Wijaya Putra University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Wijaya Putra<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UWP<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1981<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Surabaya]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://uwp.ac.id//]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Telkom University Surabaya<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Telkom Surabaya<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|Tel-U<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;| 2023<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Surabaya]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://surabaya.telkomuniversity.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Kiai Haji Achmad Siddiq State Islamic University Jember]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Islam Negeri Kiai Haji Achmad Siddiq Jember<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UINKHAS<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1997<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Jember]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://stain-jember.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|PGRI MADIUN University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas PGRI MADIUN<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNIPMA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1976<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Madiun]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://ikippgri-madiun.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===North Sumatra===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[HKBP Nommensen University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas HKBP Nommensen<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;| UHN<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1954<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Medan]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://uhn.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Islamic University of North Sumatra<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Islam Sumatera Utara<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UISU<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1953<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Medan]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.uisu.ac.id/ |title= Official website |website=unismuh.ac.id|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20111019142806/http://www.uisu.ac.id/ |access-date=2021-04-05|archive-date= 2011-10-19 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Methodist University of Indonesia]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Methodist Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMI<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1965<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Medan]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.umi-mdn.edu/|title= Official website |website=unismuh.ac.id|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110517033030/http://www.umi-mdn.edu/ |access-date=2021-04-05|archive-date= 2011-05-17 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Royal College of Information and Computer Management]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Sekolah Tinggi Manajemen Informatika dan Komputer Royal<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;| STMIK Royal<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1995<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Kisaran]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://stmiktoyal.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Bengkulu===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Muhammadiyah University of Bengkulu<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Bengkulu<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMB<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1970<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Bengkulu]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.umb.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===South Sumatra===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Muhammadiyah University of Palembang<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Palembang<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMP<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1984<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Palembang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://umpalembang.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[University of Palembang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Palembang<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNPAL<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1982<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Palembang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://unpal.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Lampung===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Muhammadiyah University of Metro<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Metro<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UM Metro<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1991<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Metro, Indonesia]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.ummetro.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Raden Intan Lampung State Islamic University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Intan Lampung<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UINRIL<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1968<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Bandar Lampung]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://iainlampung.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===North Sulawesi===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[De La Salle University (Indonesia)|De La Salle Catholic University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Katolik De La Salle Manado<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2000<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Manado]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.unikadelasalle.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Klabat University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Klabat<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1965<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Manado]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Southeast Sulawesi===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Avicenna College of Health Sciences]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Avicenna<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|STIK Avicenna<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1965<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Kendari]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://stik-avicenna.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===South Sulawesi===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Christian University of Indonesia, Toraja<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Kristen Indonesia, Toraja<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UKIT<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1992<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Tana Toraja]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://ukitoraja.ac.id/webx/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|East Indonesia University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Indonesia Timur<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UIT<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2001<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Makassar]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Indonesia Education Board Management College<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Manajemen Lembaga Pendidikan Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|STIM LPI<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1980<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Makassar]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Indonesian Muslim University Makassar<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muslim Indonesia Makassar<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMI<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1954<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Makassar]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.umi.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Muhammadiyah University Makassar<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Makassar<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMM<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1963<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Makassar]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://unismuh.ac.id/web |title= Official website |website=unismuh.ac.id|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180204202714/http://unismuh.ac.id/web |access-date=2021-04-05|archive-date= 2018-02-04 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Republic of Indonesia Veteran University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Veteran Republik Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UVRI<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1977<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Makassar]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Bali===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Stenden University Bali]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Stenden University Bali<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|SUB<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2009<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Kuta Utara]] [[Badung]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[University of National Education]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Pendidikan Nasional<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNDIKNAS<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1969<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Denpasar]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Universitas Pendidikan Nasional – Undiknas Kampus Milenial |url=http://undiknas.ac.id/ |access-date=2024-02-17 |language=id-ID}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Warmadewa University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Warmadewa<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNWAR<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1983<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Denpasar]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Universitas Warmadewa {{!}} Bermutu, Berintegritas, Berwawasan Lingkungan Kepariwisataan |url=https://www.warmadewa.ac.id/ |access-date=2024-02-17 |website=warmadewa.ac.id}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===East Nusa Tenggara===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Artha Wacana Christian University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Kristen Artha Wacana<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UKAW<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1985<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Kupang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Universitas Kristen Artha Wacana |url=http://ukarthawacana.blogspot.com/ |access-date=2024-02-17 |website=ukarthawacana.blogspot.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===West Papua===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> |30%;&quot;|Muhammadiyah STKIP of Sorong<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|STKIP Muhammadiyah Sorong <br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|STKIP Muh Sorong<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2004<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Sorong (city)|Sorong]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.stkipmuhsorong.ac.id/ |title=Official website |website= www.stkipmuhsorong.ac.id|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180518200203/http://www.stkipmuhsorong.ac.id/ |access-date=2021-04-05|archive-date=2018-05-18 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Riau===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Nurul Hidayah Islamic College]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Nurul Hidayah<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|STAI<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2000<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Selat Panjang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://nurulhidayah.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===West Sumatra===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[National Teacher Training and Education College]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Sekolah Tinggi Keguruan Dan Ilmu Pendidikan Nasional<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|STKIP<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2009<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Padang Pariaman]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://stkip-nasional.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Other institutions==<br /> <br /> Institutions of higher education regulated by Indonesia's Ministry of National Education that are authorized to confer degrees, but without the status of universities include:<br /> <br /> * [[Astra Manufacturing Polytechnic]] (Polman), [[Jakarta]]<br /> * [[Indonesian State College of Accountancy]] (STAN), [[South Tangerang]]<br /> <br /> == Image gallery ==<br /> {{Gallery|File:ITB 1.jpg|alt4=Diponegoro University, Semarang|22=[[Udayana University]], [[Bali]]|23=File:Gate universitas andalas 02.jpg|24=[[Andalas University]], [[Padang]]|alt1=Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung|alt2=Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta|alt3=University of Indonesia, Jakarta|alt5=Airlangga University, Surabaya|20=[[Sebelas Maret University]], [[Surakarta]]|title=|alt6=University of Brawijaya, Malang|alt7=Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology, Surabaya|alt8=Bogor Agricultural Institute, Bogor|alt9=Padjadjaran University, Bandung|alt10=Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta|alt11=Udayana University, Bali|21=File:Udayana rectorate building.jpg|19=File:Sebelas Maret University entrance gate.JPG|[[Bandung Institute of Technology]], [[Bandung]]|9=File:Universitas Airlangga.jpg|File:Gedung Pusat (Rektorat) UGM.jpg|[[Gadjah Mada University]], [[Yogyakarta]]|File:No 18 Rektorat Universitas Indonesia.jpg|[[University of Indonesia]], [[Jakarta]]|File:Widya puraya undip.jpg|[[Diponegoro University]], [[Semarang]]|10=[[Airlangga University]], [[Surabaya]]|18=[[Padjadjaran University]], [[Bandung]]|11=File:MonumenTuguUB.jpg|12=[[University of Brawijaya]], [[Malang]]|13=File:Its library front.JPG|14=[[Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology]], [[Surabaya]]|15=File:BogorAgriculturalUniversityEntrance.jpg|16=[[IPB University|Bogor Agricultural Institute]], [[Bogor]]|17=File:Rectorate of University of Padjadjaran.jpg|alt12=Andalas University, Padang}}<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[Education in Indonesia]]<br /> * [[Seleksi Nasional Berdasarkan Tes|Test-Based National Selection]] (SNBT)<br /> * [[List of Indonesian agricultural universities and colleges]]<br /> * [[Union of Catholic University Students of the Republic of Indonesia]] (PMKRI)<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{notelist}}{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110512205214/http://kemdiknas.go.id/ Ministry of National Education of Indonesia]<br /> * [https://web.archive.org/web/20150923151942/http://ban-pt.kemdiknas.go.id/ National Accreditation Board for Higher Education]<br /> * [http://carikampus.com/ Social Indonesia University Listing]<br /> <br /> {{Universities in Indonesia|state=expanded}}<br /> {{Asia topic|List of universities in}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Universities In Indonesia}}<br /> [[Category:Universities in Indonesia|*]]<br /> [[Category:Indonesia education-related lists]]<br /> [[Category:Lists of universities and colleges in Asia|Indonesia]]<br /> [[Category:Lists of universities and colleges in Indonesia| ]]<br /> [[Category:Lists of universities and colleges by country|Indonesia]]<br /> <br /> [[id:Daftar perguruan tinggi di Indonesia]]<br /> [[jv:Dhaptar perguruan tinggi ing Indonésia]]</div> Xbypass https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_universities_in_Indonesia&diff=1240926310 List of universities in Indonesia 2024-08-18T08:53:50Z <p>Xbypass: /* Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources */</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|none}}<br /> {{Incomplete list|date=September 2011}}<br /> <br /> This is a '''list of [[University|universities]], colleges, polytechnics and other [[higher education in Indonesia]]'''.<br /> <br /> According to the former Directorate General of Higher Education (now part of the Ministry of Research, Technology, &amp; Higher Education), in 2022 there were 4,004 higher education institutions (3,820 private and 184 public).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Statistik Indonesia 2024 |url=https://www.bps.go.id/id/publication/2024/02/28/c1bacde03256343b2bf769b0/statistik-indonesia-2024.html |access-date=2024-03-02 |language=id-ID}}&lt;/ref&gt; Higher education in Indonesia offers, academic degrees, vocational degrees, and professional degrees. They are provided by the following types of institutions:<br /> <br /> * '''Community Academy''' provides vocational education for diploma one and/or diploma two programs in regencies/municipalities based on local excellence or to meet special needs.<br /> * '''Academy''', offers vocational education in a number of fields of common origin such as a military academy and nursing academy.<br /> * '''Polytechnic''', offers vocational education, and/or professional education in various fields<br /> * '''Specialised College''' (''Sekolah Tinggi''), offers academic education and can provide vocational and/or professional education in 1 (one) specific cluster<br /> * '''Institute''', offers academic education and can provide vocational and/or professional education in a number of fields of common origin (technological cluster for example)<br /> * '''University''', offers academic education, and can provide vocational education, and/or professional education in various fields<br /> <br /> There are several levels of degrees that can be achieved in higher education, which are split into six levels:<br /> <br /> * '''D1 - Ahli Pratama''' (A.P.) is a one year education program consisting of 32 credits and a final assignment in the form of practical work and scientific work reports. The title translates to &quot;Primary Expert&quot;.<br /> * '''D2 - Ahli Muda''' (A.Ma.) is a two year education program consisting of 64 credits. The title translates to &quot;Young Expert&quot;.<br /> * '''D3 - Ahli Madya''' (A.Md.) is a three year higher education programm consisting of 112 credits. The title translates to &quot;Associate Expert&quot;.<br /> * '''D4 - Sarjana Terapan''' (S.Tr.) is a four year higher education programm consisting of 144 credits. The title translates to &quot;Bachelor of Applied [...]&quot; followed by the subject.<br /> * '''S1 - Sarjana''' is a four to seven years higher education program, depending on the university, which requires a scientific thesis. This is equivalent to a Bachelor's degree.<br /> * '''S2 - Magister''' is a one to two year graduate program which requires a scientific thesis. This is equivalent to a Master's degree.<br /> * '''S3 - Doktor:''' is a three to seven years graduate program which requires a scientific dissertation.<br /> <br /> ==Public higher education institutions==<br /> There are 125 public higher education institutions divided into 63 public universities, 13 Institutes, 44 Polytechnics, and 5 Community Colleges.<br /> <br /> ===Public universities===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! PT Code&lt;br /&gt;{{small|001-}}<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Abbrev.<br /> ! Founding Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Accred.&lt;ref name=&quot;banpt&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Badan Akreditasi Nasional–Perguruan Tinggi|trans-title=National Accreditation Organization for Higher Education|url=https://www.banpt.or.id/direktori/institusi/pencarian_institusi.php|access-date=2022-01-03}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 001<br /> | '''[[Gadjah Mada University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Gadjah Mada''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UGM<br /> | 1949, 19 December <br /> | [[Sleman]] and [[Yogyakarta]], [[Special Region of Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Universitas Gadjah Mada |url=https://ugm.ac.id/id/ |access-date=2024-02-17 |website=ugm.ac.id |language=id-ID}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 002<br /> | '''[[University of Indonesia]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Indonesia''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UI<br /> | 1849, 2 January {{small|(as ''Dokter-Djawa School Batavia'')}}&lt;br /&gt;1950, 2 February {{small|(as ''Universiteit Indonesia'')}}&lt;br /&gt;1955, 11 July {{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Jakarta]] and [[Depok]], [[West Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Universitas Indonesia |url=https://www.ui.ac.id/ |access-date=2024-02-17 |website=Universitas Indonesia |language=id-ID}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 003<br /> | '''[[University of North Sumatra]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Sumatera Utara''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| USU<br /> | 1952, 20 August<br /> | [[Medan]], [[North Sumatra]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Beranda {{!}} Universitas Sumatera Utara |url=https://www.usu.ac.id/id |access-date=2024-02-17 |website=Website Universitas Sumatera Utara}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 004<br /> | '''[[Airlangga University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Airlangga''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNAIR<br /> | 1954, 1 November<br /> | [[Surabaya]], [[East Java]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|7|16|18|S|112|45|29|E}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Beranda UNAIR |url=https://unair.ac.id/ |access-date=2024-02-17 |website=Universitas Airlangga Official Website |language=id-ID}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 005<br /> | '''[[University of Hasanuddin]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Hasanuddin''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNHAS<br /> | 1956, 10 September<br /> | [[Makassar]], [[South Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unhas.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 006<br /> | '''[[Universitas Andalas|Andalas University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Andalas''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNAND<br /> | 1955, 13 September <br /> | [[Padang]], [[West Sumatra]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unand.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 007<br /> | '''[[Padjadjaran University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Padjadjaran''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNPAD<br /> | 1957, 11 September<br /> | [[Bandung]] and Jatinangor, [[West Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unpad.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 008<br /> | '''[[Diponegoro University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Diponegoro''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNDIP<br /> | 1957, 9 January<br /> | [[Semarang]], [[Central Java]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|-7.049|110.438|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.undip.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 009<br /> | '''[[Sriwijaya University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Sriwijaya''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNSRI<br /> | 1960, 29 October<br /> | [[Palembang]] and Indralaya, [[South Sumatra]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unsri.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 010<br /> | '''[[Lambung Mangkurat University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Lambung Mangkurat''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| ULM<br /> | 1958, 1 September <br /> | [[Banjarmasin]] and [[Banjarbaru]], [[South Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| A<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.ulm.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 011<br /> | '''[[Syiah Kuala University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Syiah Kuala''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| USK<br /> | 1961, 2 September<br /> | [[Banda Aceh]], [[Aceh]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.usk.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 012<br /> | '''[[Sam Ratulangi University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Sam Ratulangi''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNSRAT<br /> | 1965, 14 September<br /> | [[Manado]], [[North Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unsrat.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 013<br /> | '''[[Udayana University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Udayana''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNUD<br /> | 1962, 17 August<br /> | [[Badung]], [[Bali]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|8|47|56|S|115|10|19|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unud.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 014<br /> | '''[[University of Nusa Cendana]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Nusa Cendana''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNDANA<br /> | 1962, 1 September<br /> | [[Kupang]], [[East Nusa Tenggara]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|-10.1545227|123.6590252|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.undana.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 015<br /> | '''[[Mulawarman University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Mulawarman''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNMUL<br /> | 1962, 27 September <br /> | [[Samarinda]], [[East Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unmul.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 016<br /> | '''[[University of Mataram]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Mataram''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNRAM<br /> | 1962, 1 October<br /> | [[Mataram (city)|Mataram]], [[West Nusa Tenggara]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unram.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 017<br /> | '''[[University of Riau]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Riau''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNRI<br /> | 1962, 1 September<br /> | [[Pekanbaru]], [[Riau]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|0.4764|101.3806|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| A<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unri.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 018<br /> | '''[[Cenderawasih University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Cenderawasih''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNCEN<br /> | 1962, 10 November<br /> | [[Jayapura]], [[Papua (province)|Papua]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.uncen.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 019<br /> | '''[[University of Brawijaya]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Brawijaya''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UB<br /> | 1963, 5 January<br /> | [[Malang]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.ub.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 020<br /> | '''[[University of Jambi]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Jambi''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNJA<br /> | 1963, 26 March<br /> | [[Jambi (city)]], [[Jambi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unja.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 021<br /> | '''[[Pattimura University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Pattimura''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNPATTI<br /> | 1963, 23 April<br /> | [[Ambon, Maluku|Ambon]], [[Maluku (province)|Maluku]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unpatti.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 022<br /> | '''[[Tanjungpura University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Tanjungpura''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNTAN<br /> | 1959, 20 May<br /> | [[Pontianak, Indonesia|Pontianak]], [[West Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| A<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.untan.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 023<br /> | '''[[Jenderal Soedirman University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Jenderal Soedirman''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNSOED<br /> | 1963, 23 September <br /> | [[Purwokerto]] and [[Purbalingga]], [[Central Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| A<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unsoed.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 024<br /> | '''[[University of Palangkaraya]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Palangkaraya''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UPR<br /> | 1963, 10 November <br /> | [[Palangka Raya]], [[Central Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.upr.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 025<br /> | '''[[University of Jember]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Jember''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNEJ<br /> | 1964, 10 November <br /> | [[Jember]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.unej.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 026<br /> | '''[[Lampung University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Lampung''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNILA<br /> | 1965, 22 September<br /> | [[Bandar Lampung]], [[Lampung]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|5|21|52.24|S|105|14|36.38|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unila.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 027<br /> | '''[[Sebelas Maret University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Sebelas Maret''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNS<br /> | 1976, 11 March<br /> | [[Surakarta]], [[Central Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.uns.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 028<br /> | '''[[Tadulako University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Tadulako''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNTAD<br /> | 1981, 1 May<br /> | [[Palu]], [[Central Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.untad.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 029<br /> | '''[[Haluoleo University|Halu Oleo University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Halu Oleo''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UHO<br /> | 1981, 19 August<br /> | [[Kendari]], [[Southeast Sulawesi]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|4|0|31.72|S|122|31|21.65|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.uho.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 030<br /> | '''[[University of Bengkulu]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Bengkulu''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNIB<br /> | 1982, 24 April<br /> | [[Bengkulu (city)]], [[Bengkulu]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|3|45|35.27|S|102|16|20.8|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unib.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 031<br /> | '''[[Universitas Terbuka|Indonesia Open University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Terbuka''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UT<br /> | 1984, 4 September <br /> | [[South Tangerang]], [[Banten]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|6| 20|41.6|S|106|45|29.11|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| A<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.ut.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 032<br /> | '''[[State University of Padang]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Negeri Padang''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNP<br /> | 1954, 23 October<br /> | [[Padang]], [[West Sumatra]]&lt;br /&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unp.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 033<br /> | '''[[State University of Malang]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Negeri Malang''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UM<br /> | 1954, 18 October<br /> | [[Malang]] and [[Blitar]], [[East Java]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|7|57|46.78|S|112|37|6.41|E}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.um.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 034<br /> | '''[[Indonesia University of Education]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UPI<br /> | 1954, 20 October<br /> | [[Bandung]], [[West Java]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|6|51|48.24|S|107|35|39.48|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.upi.edu/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 035<br /> | '''[[State University of Manado]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Negeri Manado''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNIMA<br /> | 1955, 22 September<br /> | [[Minahasa Regency|Minahasa]], [[North Sulawesi]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|1|15|59.7|N|124|52|59.4|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unima.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 036<br /> | '''[[State University of Makassar]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Negeri Makassar''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNM<br /> | 1961, 1 August<br /> | [[Makassar]], [[South Sulawesi]]&lt;br /&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unm.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 037<br /> | '''[[State University of Jakarta]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Negeri Jakarta''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNJ<br /> | 1964, 16 May <br /> | [[Jakarta]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|6|11|40.2|S|106|52|43.7|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unj.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 038<br /> | '''[[Yogyakarta State University|State University of Yogyakarta]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNY<br /> | 1964, 21 May <br /> | [[Sleman]] and [[Yogyakarta]], [[Special Region of Yogyakarta]]&lt;br /&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.uny.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 039<br /> | '''[[State University of Surabaya]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Negeri Surabaya''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNESA<br /> | 1964, 19 December<br /> | [[Surabaya]], [[East Java]]&lt;br /&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unesa.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 040<br /> | '''[[State University of Medan]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Negeri Medan''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNIMED<br /> | 1956<br /> | [[Medan]], [[North Sumatra]]&lt;br /&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| A<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unimed.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 041<br /> | '''[[State University of Semarang]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Negeri Semarang''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNNES<br /> | 1965<br /> | [[Semarang]], [[Central Java]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|7|2| 55.4|S|110|23|22.7|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unnes.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 042<br /> | '''[[Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNTIRTA<br /> | 1981<br /> | [[Serang]] and [[Cilegon]], [[Banten]]&lt;br /&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.untirta.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 043<br /> | '''[[Trunojoyo University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Trunojoyo''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNIJOYO<br /> | 1964, 15 August<br /> | [[Bangkalan Regency|Bangkalan]], [[East Java]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{Coord|7|7|39.9|S|112|43|23.1|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.trunojoyo.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 044<br /> | '''[[Khairun University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Khairun''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNKHAIR<br /> | 1964, 15 August<br /> | [[Ternate]], [[North Maluku]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{Coord|0|45|45.2|N|127|20|10.6|E}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unkhair.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 045<br /> | '''[[University of Papua]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Papua''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNIPA<br /> | 2000, 3 November<br /> | [[Manokwari]], [[West Papua (province)|West Papua]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unipa.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 046<br /> | '''[[Malikussaleh University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Malikussaleh''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNIMAL<br /> | 1969, 12 June<br /> | [[North Aceh Regency|North Aceh]], [[Aceh]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|5|14|2.56|N|96|59|14.22|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unimal.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 047<br /> | '''[[State University of Gorontalo]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Negeri Gorontalo''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNG<br /> | 1963, 1 September<br /> | [[Gorontalo (city)|Gorontalo]], [[Gorontalo]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|0|33|23.07|N|123|3|48.98|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.ung.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 048<br /> | '''[[Ganesha University of Education]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNDIKSHA<br /> | 2006, 11 Mei<br /> | [[Singaraja]], [[Bali]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| A<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.undiksha.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 049<br /> | '''[[University of Bangka Belitung]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Bangka Belitung''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UBB<br /> | 2006, 12 April<br /> | [[Pangkalpinang]], [[Bangka Belitung]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|2|4|11.8|S|106|4|38.7|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.ubb.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 050<br /> | '''[[Borneo Tarakan University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Borneo Tarakan''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UBT<br /> | 1999, 9 October<br /> | [[Tarakan]], [[North Kalimantan]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|3|18|11.3|N|117|38|55.8|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.ubt.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 051<br /> | '''[[Musamus Merauke University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Musamus Merauke''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNMUS<br /> | 2001, 26 January<br /> | [[Merauke]], [[South Papua]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|8|31|54.7|S|140|25|1.5|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}} <br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unmus.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 052<br /> | '''[[:id:Universitas Maritim Raja Ali Haji|Raja Ali Haji Maritime University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Maritim Raja Ali Haji''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UMRAH<br /> | 2007, 1 August<br /> | [[Tanjungpinang]], [[Riau Islands]]&lt;br /&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}} <br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.umrah.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 053<br /> | '''[[Samudra University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Samudra''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNSAM<br /> | 1985, 22 October<br /> | [[Langsa]], [[Aceh]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|4|27|27.4|N|97|58|17.3|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}} <br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unsam.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 054<br /> | '''[[Universitas Sulawesi Barat|University of West Sulawesi]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Sulawesi Barat''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNSULBAR<br /> | 2004, 22 September<br /> | [[Majene]], [[West Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unsulbar.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 055<br /> | '''[[Sembilanbelas November University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Sembilanbelas November''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| USN<br /> | 1984, 16 April<br /> | [[Kolaka Regency|Kolaka]], [[Southeast Sulawesi]]&lt;br /&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.usn.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 056<br /> | '''[[Tidar University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Tidar''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNTIDAR<br /> | 1980<br /> | [[Magelang]], [[Central Java]]&lt;br /&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B <br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.untidar.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 057<br /> | '''[[Siliwangi University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Siliwangi''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNSIL<br /> | 1978<br /> | [[Tasikmalaya]], [[West Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B <br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unsil.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 058<br /> | '''[[Teuku Umar University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Teuku Umar''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UTU<br /> | 2006, 10 November<br /> | [[Meulaboh]], [[Aceh]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|4|8|44.2|N|96|11|50.4|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.utu.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 059<br /> | '''[[University of Pembangunan Nasional Veteran|University of National Development &quot;Veteran&quot; East Java]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Pembangunan Nasional &quot;Veteran&quot; Jawa Timur''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UPNVJT<br /> | 1959, 5 July<br /> | [[Surabaya]], [[East Java]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|7|20|0| S|112|47|24|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| A<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.upnjatim.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 060<br /> | '''[[Timor University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Timor''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNIMOR<br /> | 2000, 16 July<br /> | [[North Central Timor Regency|North Central Timor]], [[East Nusa Tenggara]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{Coord|9|30|45.7|S|124|30|41.8|E}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unimor.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 061<br /> | '''[[:id:Universitas Pembangunan Nasional &quot;Veteran&quot; Jakarta|University of National Development &quot;Veteran&quot; Jakarta]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Pembangunan Nasional &quot;Veteran&quot; Jakarta''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UPNVJ<br /> | 1967, 21 February <br /> | [[Jakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.upnvj.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 062<br /> | '''[[:id:Universitas Pembangunan Nasional &quot;Veteran&quot; Yogyakarta|University of National Development &quot;Veteran&quot; Yogyakarta]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Pembangunan Nasional &quot;Veteran&quot; Yogyakarta''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UPNYK<br /> | 1958, 15 December<br /> | [[Sleman]], [[Special Region of Yogyakarta]]&lt;br /&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B <br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.upnyk.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 063<br /> | '''[[University of Singaperbangsa Karawang]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Singaperbangsa Karawang''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNSIKA<br /> | 1982, 2 February<br /> | [[Karawang]], [[West Java]]&lt;br /&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B <br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unsika.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Public institutes===<br /> <br /> There are 13 Public Institutes in Indonesia: 5 Institutes of Technology, 1 Institute of Agriculture, 4 Institute of Arts (ISI), and 3 Institute of Arts and Culture (ISBI).<br /> <br /> Two more Institute of Arts and Culture is planned in East Kalimantan and South Sulawesi. However, ISBI Kaltim and ISBI Sulsel in form of ISI Yogyakarta and ISI Surakarta's PSDKU has no definite timeline in being separated.<br /> <br /> {{Sticky header}}{{Sort under}}<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable sticky-header-multi sort-under&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;width:5%&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Code&lt;br&gt;{{small|002-}}<br /> ! style=&quot;width:30%&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| Name<br /> ! style=&quot;width:10%&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| Abbrev.<br /> ! style=&quot;width:10%&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Year Founded<br /> ! style=&quot;width:30%&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot;| Location<br /> ! style=&quot;width:10%&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Accred.<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; style=&quot;width:5%&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ref<br /> |-<br /> ! Province<br /> ! City<br /> |-<br /> | 001<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''[[Bandung Institute of Technology]]'''&lt;br&gt;{{resize|90%|({{lang|id|Institut Teknologi Bandung|italic=no}})}}<br /> | ITB<br /> | 1920<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flag|West Java}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Bandung]]&lt;br&gt;{{small|{{coord|6|53|27.25|S|107|36|37.36|E|name=Bandung Institute of Technology|}}}}<br /> | {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | [http://www.itb.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 002<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''[[Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology]]'''&lt;br&gt;{{resize|90%|({{lang|id|Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember|italic=no}})}}<br /> | ITS<br /> | 1957<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flag|East Java}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Surabaya]]&lt;br&gt;{{small|{{coord|7|16|54|S|112|47|41|E|name=Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology|}}}}<br /> | {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | [http://www.its.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 003<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''[[IPB University]]'''&lt;br&gt;{{resize|90%|({{lang|id|Institut Pertanian Bogor|italic=no}})}}<br /> | IPB<br /> | 1963<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flag|West Java}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Bogor Regency|Bogor]]<br /> | {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | [http://www.ipb.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 005<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''[[Indonesian Institute of the Arts, Yogyakarta]]'''&lt;br&gt;{{resize|90%|({{lang|id|Institut Seni Indonesia Yogyakarta|italic=no}})}}<br /> | ISI Yogyakarta<br /> | 1984<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flag|Special Region of Yogyakarta}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Bantul Regency|Bantul]]&lt;br&gt;{{small|{{coord|7|51|08.6|S|110|21|21.21|E|name=Indonesian Institute of the Arts, Yogyakarta}}}}<br /> | A<br /> | [http://www.isi.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 007<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''[[Indonesian Institute of the Arts, Denpasar]]'''&lt;br&gt;{{resize|90%|({{lang|id|Institut Seni Indonesia Denpasar|italic=no}})}}<br /> | ISI Denpasar<br /> | 1967<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flag|Bali}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Denpasar]]&lt;br&gt;{{small|{{coord|8|39|12.93|S|115|13|57.5|E|name=Indonesian Institute of the Arts, Denpasar|}}}}<br /> | A<br /> | [https://www.isi-dps.ac.id]<br /> |-<br /> | 008<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''[[Indonesian Institute of the Arts, Surakarta]]'''&lt;br&gt;{{resize|90%|({{lang|id|Institut Seni Indonesia Surakarta|italic=no}})}}<br /> | ISI Surakarta<br /> | 1964<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flag|Central Java}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Surakarta]]<br /> | {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | [http://www.isi-ska.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 009<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''Indonesian Institute of the Arts, Padang Panjang'''&lt;br&gt;{{resize|90%|({{lang|id|Institut Seni Indonesia Padang Panjang|italic=no}})}}<br /> | ISI Padang Panjang <br /> | 1965<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flag|West Sumatra}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Padang Panjang]]<br /> | B<br /> | [http://www.isi-padangpanjang.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 010<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''[[Bandung Institute of Indonesian Arts and Culture]]'''&lt;br&gt;{{resize|90%|({{lang|id|Institut Seni Budaya Indonesia Bandung|italic=no}})}}<br /> | ISBI Bandung<br /> | 1968<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flag|West Java}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Bandung]]<br /> | {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | [https://www.isbi.ac.id]<br /> |-<br /> | 011<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''Aceh Institute of Indonesian Arts and Culture'''&lt;br&gt;{{resize|90%|({{lang|id|Institut Seni Budaya Indonesia Aceh|italic=no}})}}<br /> | ISBI Aceh<br /> | 2014<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flag|Aceh}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Aceh Besar Regency|Great Aceh]]<br /> | {{small|Good}}<br /> | [http://isbiaceh.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 012<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''Tanah Papua Institute of Indonesian Arts and Culture'''&lt;br&gt;{{resize|90%|({{lang|id|Institut Seni Budaya Indonesia Tanah Papua|italic=no}})}}<br /> | ISBI Tanah Papua<br /> | 2014<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flag|Papua}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Jayapura]]<br /> | <br /> | [http://isbi-tanahpapua.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 013<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''[[Kalimantan Institute of Technology]]'''&lt;br&gt;{{resize|90%|({{lang|id|Institut Teknologi Kalimantan|italic=no}})}}<br /> | ITK<br /> | 2014<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flag|East Kalimantan}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Balikpapan]]&lt;br&gt;{{small|{{coord|1|09|01.5|S|116|51|39.2|E|name=Kalimantan Institute of Technology|}}}}<br /> | B<br /> | [http://www.itk.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 014<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''[[Sumatera Institute of Technology]]'''&lt;br&gt;{{resize|90%|({{lang|id|Institut Teknologi Sumatera|italic=no}})}}<br /> | ITERA<br /> | 2014<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flag|Lampung}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[South Lampung Regency|South Lampung]]<br /> | {{small|Good}}<br /> | [http://www.itera.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 015<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''Habibie Institute of Technology'''&lt;br&gt;{{resize|90%|({{lang|id|Institut Teknologi Bacharuddin Jusuf Habibie|italic=no}})}}<br /> | ITH<br /> | 2014<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flag|South Sulawesi}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Parepare]]<br /> | <br /> | [http://www.ith.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Public polytechnics===<br /> Currently, there are 44 Public Polytechnics in Indonesia. They consist of 1 Electronic Engineering Polytechnic, 2 Manufacturing Polytechnics, 1 Maritime Polytechnic, 1 Fishery Polytechnic, 1 Shipbuilding Polytechnic, 4 Agricultural Polytechnics, and 34 &quot;general&quot; Polytechnics.<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! PT Code&lt;br /&gt;{{small|005-}}<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Abbrev.<br /> ! Founding Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Accred.<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 001<br /> | '''Bandung Polytechnic for Manufacturing'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Manufaktur Bandung''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLMAN<br /> | 1977, 24 March<br /> | [[Bandung]], [[West Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.polman-bandung.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 002<br /> | '''[[Jakarta State Polytechnic]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Jakarta''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| PNJ<br /> | 1982, 22 September<br /> | [[Depok]], [[West Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.pnj.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 003<br /> | '''Medan State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Medan''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLMED<br /> | 1982, 20 September<br /> | [[Medan]], [[North Sumatra]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.polmed.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 004<br /> | '''Bandung State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Bandung''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLBAN<br /> | 1979, 27 January<br /> | [[Bandung]], [[West Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.polban.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 005<br /> | '''Semarang State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Semarang''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLINES<br /> | 1982, 6 August<br /> | [[Semarang]], [[Central Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| A<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.polines.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 006<br /> | '''[[Sriwijaya State Polytechnics|Sriwijaya State Polytechnic]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLSRI<br /> | 1982, 20 September<br /> | [[Palembang]], [[South Sumatra]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.polsri.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 007<br /> | '''Lampung State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Lampung''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLINELA<br /> | 1984, 7 April<br /> | [[Bandar Lampung]], [[Lampung]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.polinela.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 008<br /> | '''Ambon State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Ambon''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLNAM<br /> | 1987, 5 October<br /> | [[Ambon, Maluku|Ambon]], [[Maluku (province)]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.polnam.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 009<br /> | '''[[Padang State Polytechnic]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Padang''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| PNP<br /> | 1985, 12 March<br /> | [[Padang, Indonesia|Padang]], [[West Sumatra]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.pnp.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 010<br /> | '''Bali State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Bali''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| PNB<br /> | 1985, 3 December<br /> | [[Kuta]], [[Bali]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.pnb.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 011<br /> | '''Pontianak State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Pontianak''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLNEP<br /> | 1985, 3 December<br /> | [[Pontianak, Indonesia|Pontianak]], [[West Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.polnep.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 012<br /> | '''Ujung Pandang State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Ujung Pandang''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| PNUP<br /> | 1987, 10 May<br /> | [[Makassar]], [[South Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.poliupg.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 013<br /> | '''Manado State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Manado''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLIMDO<br /> | 1987, 9 November<br /> | [[Manado]], [[North Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.polimdo.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 014<br /> | '''[[Surabaya Shipbuilding State Polytechnic]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Perkapalan Negeri Surabaya''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| PPNS<br /> | 1987, 17 September&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://jdih.kemdikbud.go.id/arsip/permendikbud_tahun2014_nomor042.pdf |title= PERATURAN MENTERI PENDIDIKAN DAN KEBUDAYAAN REPUBLIK INDONESIA |date=2014 |website=jdih.kemdikbud.go.id |access-date=2021-04-05}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | [[Surabaya]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| A<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.ppns.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 015<br /> | '''Banjarmasin State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Banjarmasin''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLIBAN<br /> | 1987, 13 July<br /> | [[Banjarmasin]], [[South Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;width:1%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://www.poliban.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 016<br /> | '''Lhokseumawe State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Lhokseumawe''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| PNL<br /> | 1987, 5 October<br /> | [[Lhokseumawe]], [[Aceh]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.pnl.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 017<br /> | '''Kupang State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Kupang''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| PNK<br /> | 1985, 11 March<br /> | [[Kupang]], [[East Nusa Tenggara]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.pnk.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 018<br /> | '''[[Electronic Engineering Polytechnic Institute of Surabaya]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Elektronika Negeri Surabaya''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| PENS<br /> | 1986, 29 May<br /> | [[Surabaya]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| A<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.pens.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 019<br /> | '''Jember State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Jember''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLIJE<br /> | 1988, 29 October<br /> | [[Jember]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.polije.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 020<br /> | '''Pangkajene Kepulauan State Polytechnic for Agriculture'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Pertanian Negeri Pangkajene Kepulauan''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLIPANGKEP<br /> | 1990, 9 September<br /> | [[Pangkajene and Islands Regency|Pangkep]], [[South Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.politanipangkep.com/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 021<br /> | '''Kupang State Agricultural Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Pertanian Negeri Kupang''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLITANIKOE<br /> | 1984, 7 April<br /> | [[Kupang]], [[East Nusa Tenggara]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[https://politanikoe.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 022<br /> | '''Tual State Polytechnic for Fisheries'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Perikanan Negeri Tual''}} <br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLIKANT<br /> | 1997, 18 July<br /> | [[Tual]], [[Maluku (province)|Maluku]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.polikant.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 023<br /> | '''Malang State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Malang''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLINEMA<br /> | 1979, 27 January<br /> | [[Malang]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.polinema.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 024<br /> | '''Samarinda State Agricultural Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Pertanian Negeri Samarinda''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLITANI Samarinda<br /> | 1997, 28 April<br /> | [[Samarinda]], [[East Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.politanisamarinda.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 025<br /> | '''Payakumbuh State Agricultural Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Pertanian Negeri Payakumbuh''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| PPNP<br /> | 1989, 6 February<br /> | [[Payakumbuh]], [[West Sumatra]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [https://politanipyk.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 026<br /> | '''Samarinda State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Samarinda''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLNES<br /> | 1985, 3 December<br /> | [[Samarinda]], [[East Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.polnes.ac.id/]<br /> |- <br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 027<br /> | '''Creative Media State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Media Kreatif''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLIMEDIA<br /> | 2008, 8 October <br /> | [[Jakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.polimedia.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 028<br /> | '''Bangka Belitung State Polytechnic for Manufacturing'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Manufaktur Negeri Bangka Belitung''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLMANBABEL<br /> | 2010, 18 October<br /> | [[Sungailiat]], [[Bangka Belitung Islands]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [https://www.polman-babel.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 029<br /> | '''Batam State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Batam''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLIBATAM<br /> | 2010, 18 October<br /> | [[Batam]], [[Riau Islands]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[https://www.polibatam.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 030<br /> | '''Nusa Utara State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Nusa Utara''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLNUSTAR<br /> | 2011, 22 June<br /> | [[Tahuna, Indonesia|Tahuna]], [[North Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [https://www.polnustar.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 031<br /> | '''Bengkalis State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Bengkalis''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLBENG<br /> | 2011, 29 July<br /> | [[Bengkalis Regency|Bengkalis]], [[Riau]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.polbeng.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 032<br /> | '''Balikpapan State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Balikpapan''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLTEKBA<br /> | 2011, 9 September<br /> | [[Balikpapan]], [[East Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://poltekba.ac.id/website/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 033<br /> | '''Madura State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Madura''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLTERA<br /> | 2012<br /> | [[Sampang Regency|Sampang]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.poltera.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 034<br /> | '''Indonesia Maritime State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Maritim Negeri Indonesia''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLIMARIN<br /> | 2012, 19 September<br /> | [[Semarang]], [[Central Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [https://polimarin.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 035<br /> | '''Banyuwangi State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Banyuwangi''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLIWANGI<br /> | 2008<br /> | [[Banyuwangi Regency|Banyuwangi]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [https://www.poliwangi.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 036<br /> | '''Madiun State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Madiun''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| PNM<br /> | 2012, 30 October<br /> | [[Madiun]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.pnm.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 037<br /> | '''Fakfak State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Fakfak''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLINEF<br /> | 2012<br /> | [[Fakfak]], [[West Papua (province)|West Papua]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [https://polinef.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 038<br /> | '''Sambas State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Sambas''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLTESA<br /> | 2007<br /> | [[Sambas Regency|Sambas]], [[West Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [https://poltesa.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 039<br /> | '''Tanah Laut State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Tanah Laut''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLITALA<br /> | 2009, 25 September<br /> | [[Tanah Laut Regency|Tanah Laut]], [[South Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.politala.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 040<br /> | '''Subang State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Subang''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLSUB<br /> | 2014, 1 April<br /> | [[Subang Regency|Subang]], [[West Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [https://www.polsub.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 041<br /> | '''Ketapang State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Ketapang''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLITAP<br /> | 2006<br /> | [[Ketapang]], [[West Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [https://politap.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 042<br /> | '''Cilacap State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Cilacap''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| PNC<br /> | 2014, 3 October<br /> | [[Cilacap Regency|Cilacap]], [[Central Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[https://pnc.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 043<br /> | '''Indramayu State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Indramayu''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLINDRA<br /> | 2008, 8 July&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://docplayer.info/50205964-Peraturan-menteri-riset-teknologi-dan-pendidikan-tinggi-republik-indonesia-nomor-70-tahun-2016-tentang-statuta-politeknik-negeri-indramayu.html|title=PERATURAN MENTERI RISET, TEKNOLOGI, DAN PENDIDIKAN TINGGI REPUBLIK INDONESIA NOMOR 70 TAHUN 2016 TENTANG STATUTA POLITEKNIK NEGERI INDRAMAYU - PDF Free Download|website=docplayer.info}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | [[Indramayu Regency|Indramayu]], [[West Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;width:1%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://www.polindra.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 044<br /> | '''Nunukan State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Nunukan''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| PNN<br /> | 2014, 8 October<br /> | [[Nunukan Regency|Nunukan]], [[North Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> <br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[https://www.pnn.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Public community colleges===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! PT Code&lt;br /&gt;{{small|006-}}<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Abbrev.<br /> ! Founding Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Accred.<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 001<br /> | '''State Community College of Pacitan'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Akademi Komunitas Negeri Pacitan''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| AKN Pacitan<br /> | 2013, 11 October<br /> | [[Pacitan Regency|Pacitan]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://aknpacitan.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 002<br /> | '''State Community College of Putra Sang Fajar Blitar'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Akademi Komunitas Negeri Putra Sang Fajar Blitar''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| AKB<br /> | 2014, 17 October<br /> | [[Blitar]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.akb.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 003<br /> | '''State Community College of West Aceh'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Akademi Komunitas Negeri Aceh Barat''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| AKN Aceh Barat<br /> | 2014, 17 October<br /> | [[West Aceh Regency|West Aceh]], [[Aceh]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.aknacehbarat.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 004<br /> | '''State Community College of Rejang Lebong'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Akademi Komunitas Negeri Rejang Lebong''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| AKREL<br /> | 2018, 4 April<br /> | [[Rejang Lebong Regency|Rejang Lebong]], [[Bengkulu]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.akrel.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 005<br /> | '''State Community College of Arts and Culture Yogyakarta'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Akademi Komunitas Negeri Seni dan Budaya Yogyakarta''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| AKNSB Yogyakarta<br /> | 2020<br /> | [[Bantul Regency|Bantul]], [[Special Region of Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.aknyogya.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Public Religious higher education institutions==<br /> Public religious higher education institutions (PTKN) are under the responsibility of the [[Ministry of Religious Affairs (Indonesia)|Ministry of Religious Affairs]]. Technically and academically, the development of state religious universities is carried out by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia (Kemdikbudristek), while functionally it is carried out by the Ministry of Religion, all covering the five recognized religions in Indonesia, but not including Confucianism. There are three types of higher education institutions in the Muslim category, Public Islamic Universities (UIN), Public Islamic Institutes (IAIN), and Public Islamic Colleges (STAIN). Public Christian Institutes (IAKN) and Public Protestant Christian Colleges (STAKPN) in the Protestant Christian category. Public Catholic Colleges (STAKATN) in the Catholic category. Public Hindu Universities (UHN), Public Hindu Institutes (IAHN), and Public Hindu Colleges (STAHN) in the Hindu category. Public Buddhist Colleges (STABN) in the Buddhist category.<br /> <br /> '''''Public Islamic higher education institutions'''''<br /> <br /> ===Public Islamic Universities===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! PT Code&lt;br /&gt;{{small|201-}}<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Abbrev.<br /> ! Founding Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Accred.<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 001<br /> | '''[[Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University Jakarta|State Islamic University of Syarif Hidayatullah]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UIN Jakarta<br /> | 1957, 1 June&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''Akademi Dinas Ilmu Agama'')}}<br /> | [[South Tangerang]], [[Tangerang]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uinjkt.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 002<br /> | '''[[Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University|State Islamic University of Sunan Kalijaga]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Kalijaga''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UIN Suka<br /> | 1951, 26 September&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Sunan Kalijaga'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2004, June 21&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Sleman Regency|Sleman]], [[Special Region of Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uin-suka.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 003<br /> | '''[[Maulana Malik Ibrahim State Islamic University Malang|State Islamic University of Maulana Malik Ibrahim]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UIN Malang<br /> | 1957, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2004, June 21&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Malang]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uin-malang.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 004<br /> | '''[[Sunan Gunung Djati State Islamic University Bandung|State Islamic University of Sunan Gunung Djati]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Gunung Djati''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UIN Bandung<br /> | 1968, 8 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Sunan Gunung Djati'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2005, 10 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Bandung]], [[West Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uinsgd.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 005<br /> | '''[[Sultan Syarif Kasim II State Islamic University|State Islamic University of Sultan Syarif Kasim]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Syarif Kasim''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UIN Suska<br /> | 1970, 19 September&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Sulthan Syarif Qasim'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2005, 4 January&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Pekanbaru]], [[Riau]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uin-suska.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 006<br /> | '''[[Alauddin Islamic State University|State Islamic University of Alauddin]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UIN Alauddin<br /> | 1965, 28 October<br /> | [[Makassar]], [[South Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uin-alauddin.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 007<br /> | '''[[Sunan Ampel State Islamic University Surabaya|State Islamic University of Sunan Ampel]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Ampel''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UINSA<br /> | 1965&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Sunan Ampel'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2013, 1 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Surabaya]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uinsby.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 008<br /> | '''[[State Islamic University of North Sumatra]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UINSU<br /> | 1973, 19 November&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Sumatera Utara'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2014, 17 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Medan]], [[North Sumatra]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uinsu.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 009<br /> | '''[[Raden Fatah State Islamic University|State Islamic University of Raden Fatah]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Fatah''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UIN Palembang<br /> | 1964, 13 November&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Raden Fatah'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2014, 17 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Palembang]], [[South Sumatra]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://radenfatah.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 010<br /> | '''[[Walisongo State Islamic University|State Islamic University of Walisongo]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UIN Walisongo<br /> | 1970, 6 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Walisongo'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2013, 1 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Semarang]], [[Central Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| A<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://walisongo.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 011<br /> | '''[[Ar-Raniry State Islamic University|State Islamic University of Ar-Raniry]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UINAR<br /> | 1960&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Ar-Raniry'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2013, 1 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(s current university)}}<br /> | [[Banda Aceh]], [[Aceh]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://ar-raniry.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 012<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Sultan Maulana Hasanuddin'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Maulana Hasanuddin''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UIN Banten<br /> | 2017, 7 April<br /> | [[Serang]], [[Banten]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uinbanten.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 013<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Imam Bonjol'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Imam Bonjol''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UINIB<br /> | 1966, 29 November&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Imam Bonjol'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2017, 7 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Padang]], [[West Sumatra]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uinib.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 014<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Raden Intan'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Intan''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UINRIL<br /> | 1968, 26 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Raden Intan'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2017, 3 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Bandar Lampung]], [[Lampung]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://radenintan.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 015<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Mataram'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Mataram''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UIN Mataram<br /> | 1966&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Mataram'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2017, 7 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Mataram (city)|Mataram]], [[West Nusa Tenggara]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uinmataram.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 016<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Sultan Thaha Saifuddin'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Thaha Saifuddin''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UINSTS<br /> | 1967, 8 September&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Sultan Thaha Saifuddin'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2017, 7 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Jambi (city)]], [[Jambi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uinjambi.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 017<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Antasari'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Antasari''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UIN Antasari<br /> | 1964, 20 November&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Antasari'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2017, 3 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Banjarmasin]], [[South Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uin-antasari.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 018<br /> | '''International Islamic University of Indonesia'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Internasional Indonesia''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UIII<br /> | 2016, 29 June<br /> | [[Depok]], [[West Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uii.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 019<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Sayyid Ali Rahmatullah'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Sayyid Ali Rahmatullah''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UIN Satu<br /> | 2021, 11 May<br /> | [[Tulungagung Regency|Tulungagung]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uinsatu.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 020<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Professor Kiai Haji Saifuddin Zuhri'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Profesor Kiai Haji Saifuddin Zuhri''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UIN Saizu<br /> | 1997, 21 Maret&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Purwokerto'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2014&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Purwokerto'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2021, 11 May&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Purwokerto]], [[Central Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uinsaizu.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 021<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Raden Mas Said'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Mas Said''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UIN Surakarta<br /> | 1992, 12 September&lt;br /&gt;1997&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Surakarta'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2011&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Surakarta'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2021, 11 May&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Surakarta]], [[Central Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uinsaid.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 022<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Sultan Aji Muhammad Idris'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Aji Muhammad Idris''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UINSI<br /> | 1997, 21 Maret&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Samarinda'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2014&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Samarinda'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2021, 11 May&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Samarinda]], [[East Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uinsi.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 023<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Kiai Haji Achmad Siddiq'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Kiai Haji Achmad Siddiq''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UINKHAS<br /> | 1997, 21 Maret&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Jember'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2014&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Jember'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2021, 11 May&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Jember Regency|Jember]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uinkhas.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 024<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Fatmawati Sukarno'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Fatmawati Sukarno''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UINFAS<br /> | 1997, 21 Maret&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Bengkulu'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2014&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Bengkulu'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2021, 11 May&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Bengkulu (city)]], [[Bengkulu]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uinfasbengkulu.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 025<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Datokarama'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Datokarama''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UIN Palu<br /> | 1997, 21 Maret&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Datokarama'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2021, 8 July&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Palu]], [[Central Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [https://uindatokarama.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 026<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Mahmud Yunus'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Mahmud Yunus''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UIN Batusangkar<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Batusangkar'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2015, 23 December&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Batusangkar'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2022, 8 Juny&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Tanah Datar Regency|Tanah Datar]], [[West Sumatra]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uinmybatusangkar.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 027<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Sjech M. Djamil Djambek'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Sjech M. Djamil Djambek''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UIN Bukittinggi<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Bukittinggi'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2014, 18 December&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Bukittinggi'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2022, 8 Juny&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Bukittinggi]], [[West Sumatra]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [https://uinbukittinggi.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 028<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Kiai Haji Abdurrahman Wahid'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Kiai Haji Abdurrahman Wahid''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UIN Pekalongan<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Pekalongan'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2016, 1 August&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Pekalongan'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2022, 8 Juny&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Pekalongan]], [[Central Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uingusdur.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 029<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Syekh Ali Hasan Ahmad Addary'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Syekh Ali Hasan Ahmad Addary''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UIN Syahda<br /> | 1997, 21 Maret&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Padangsidimpuan'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2013, 30 July&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Padangsidimpuan'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2022, 8 Juny&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Padang Sidempuan]], [[North Sumatra]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uinsyahada.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 030<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Salatiga'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Salatiga''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UIN Salatiga<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Salatiga'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2014, 17 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Salatiga'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2022, 8 Juny&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Salatiga]], [[Central Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uinsalatiga.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 031<br /> | '''State Cyber Islamic University of Syekh Nurjati'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Siber Syekh Nurjati''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UINSSC<br /> | 1997, 21 Maret&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Cirebon'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2009, 10 November&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Syekh Nurjati'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2024&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Cirebon]], [[West Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://syekhnurjati.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Public Islamic Institutes===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! PT Code&lt;br /&gt;{{small|202-}}<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Abbrev.<br /> ! Founding Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Accred.<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 009<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Ambon'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Ambon''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| IAIN Ambon<br /> | 1997, 21 Maret&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Ambon'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2006, 9 December&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Ambon, Maluku|Ambon]], [[Maluku (province)|Maluku]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://iainambon.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 010<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Sultan Amai'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Sultan Amai''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| IAIN Gorontalo<br /> | 1997, 21 Maret&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Sultan Amai'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2004, 18 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Gorontalo (city)|Gorontalo]], [[Gorontalo]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://iaingorontalo.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 020<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Manado'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Manado''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| IAIN Manado<br /> | 1997, 30 June&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Manado'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2014, 17 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Manado]], [[North Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://iain-manado.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 021<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Palopo'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Palopo''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| IAIN Palopo<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Palopo'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2014, 17 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Palopo]], [[South Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://iainpalopo.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 022<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Sultan Qaimuddin'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Sultan Qaimuddin''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| IAIN Kendari<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Kendari'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2014, 17 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Kendari]], [[Southeast Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://iainkendari.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 024<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Ternate'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Ternate''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| IAIN Ternate<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Ternate'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2013, 30 July&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Ternate]], [[North Maluku]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://iain-ternate.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 025<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Zawiyah Cot Kala'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Zawiyah Cot Kala''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| IAIN Langsa<br /> | 1980, 14 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Langsa'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2014, 17 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Langsa]], [[Aceh]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://iainlangsa.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 026<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Palangka Raya'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Palangka Raya''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| IAIN Palangka Raya<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Pangka Raya'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2014, 17 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Palangka Raya]], [[Central Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://iain-palangkaraya.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 030<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Pontianak'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Pontianak''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| IAIN Pontianak<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Pontianak'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2013, 6 August&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Pontianak]], [[West Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://iainptk.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 033<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Metro'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Metro''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| IAIN Metro<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Jurai Siwo'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2016, 1 August&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Metro (city)|Metro]], [[Lampung]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://metrouniv.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 035<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Ponorogo'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Ponorogo''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| IAIN Ponorogo<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Ponorogo'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2016, 1 August&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Ponorogo]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://iainponorogo.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 036<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Kerinci'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Kerinci''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| IAIN Kerinci<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Kerinci'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2016, 1 August&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Kerinci Regency|Kerinci]], [[Jambi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://iainkerinci.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 037<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Lhokseumawe'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Lhokseumawe''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| IAIN Lhokseumawe<br /> | 2016, 1 August<br /> | [[Lhokseumawe]], [[Aceh]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://iainlhokseumawe.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 038<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Parepare'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Parepare''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| IAIN Parepare<br /> | 2008, 20 June&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Parepare'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2018, 5 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Parepare]], [[South Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://iainpare.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 039<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Curup'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Curup''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| IAIN Curup<br /> | 1997, 19 September&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Curup'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2018, 5 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Rejang Lebong Regency|Rejang Lebong]], [[Bengkulu]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://iainpare.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 040<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Fattahul Muluk'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Fattahul Muluk''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| IAIN Jayapura<br /> | 2006, 20 July&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Al-Fatah'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2018, 5 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Jayapura]], [[Papua (province)|Papua]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://iainfmpapua.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 041<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Kudus'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Kudus''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| IAIN Kudus<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Kudus'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2018, 5 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Kudus, Indonesia|Kudus]], [[Central Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://iainkudus.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 042<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Madura'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Madura''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| IAIN Madura<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Pamekasan'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2018, 5 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Pamekasan Regency|Pamekasan]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://iainmadura.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 043<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Syaikh Abdurrahman Siddik'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Syaikh Abdurrahman Siddik''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| IAIN Babel<br /> | 2004, 18 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Syaikh Abdurrahman Siddik'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2018, 5 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Bangka Regency|Bangka]], [[Bangka Belitung Islands]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://iainsasbabel.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 044<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Bone'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Bone''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| IAIN Bone<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Watampone'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2018, 5 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Bone Regency|Bone]], [[South Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://iain-bone.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 045<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Kediri'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Kediri''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| IAIN Kediri<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Kediri'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2018, 5 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Kediri (city)|Kediri]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://iainkediri.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 046<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Sorong'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Sorong''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| IAIN Sorong<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Sorong'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2020, 20 February&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Sorong]], [[West Papua (province)|West Papua]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://iainsorong.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 047<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Takengon'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Takengon''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| IAIN Takengon<br /> | 2012, 25 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Gajah Putih'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2020, 28 February&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Central Aceh Regency|Central Aceh]], [[Aceh]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://iain-takengon.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Public Islamic Colleges===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! PT Code&lt;br /&gt;{{small|203-}}<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Abbrev.<br /> ! Founding Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Accred.<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 034<br /> | '''State Islamic College of Teungku Dirundeng Meulaboh'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Negeri Teungku Dirundeng Meulaboh''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| STAIN Meulaboh<br /> | 2014, 19 September<br /> | [[West Aceh Regency|West Aceh]], [[Aceh]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://staindirundeng.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 035<br /> | '''State Islamic College of Bengkalis'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Negeri Bengkalis''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| STAIN Bengkalis<br /> | 2014, 19 September<br /> | [[Bengkalis Regency|Bengkalis]], [[Riau]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://kampusmelayu.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 036<br /> | '''State Islamic College of Majene'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Negeri Majene''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| STAIN Majene<br /> | 2016, 31 August<br /> | [[Majene Regency|Majene]], [[West Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://stainmajene.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 037<br /> | '''State Islamic College of Mandailing Natal'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Negeri Mandailing Natal''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| STAIN Madina<br /> | 2019, 25 January<br /> | [[Mandailing Natal Regency|Mandailing Natal]], [[North Sumatra]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://stain-madina.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 038<br /> | '''State Islamic College of Sultan Abdurrahman'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Negeri Sultan Abdurrahman Kepulauan Riau''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| STAIN Kepri<br /> | 2017, 13 March<br /> | [[Bintan Regency|Bintan]], [[Riau Islands]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://stainkepri.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> '''''Public Christian higher education institutions'''''<br /> <br /> === Public Christian Institutes ===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! PT Code&lt;br/&gt;{{small|222-}}<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Abbrev.<br /> ! data-sort-type=&quot;date&quot; | Founding Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Acred.&lt;ref name=&quot;banpt&quot; /&gt;<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |Link<br /> |-<br /> | 001<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''State Christian Institute of Tarutung'''<br /> {{small|''Institut Agama Kristen Negeri Tarutung''}}<br /> | IAKN Tarutung<br /> | 1 March 2018<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[North Sulawesi]]<br /> | Good<br /> | [http://iakntarutung.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 002<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''State Christian Institute of Manado'''<br /> {{small|''Institut Agama Kristen Negeri Manado''}}<br /> | IAKN Manado<br /> | 1 March 2018<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[North Sulawesi]]<br /> | Good<br /> | [https://iaknmanado.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 003<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''State Christian Institute of Ambon'''<br /> {{small|''Institut Agama Kristen Negeri Ambon''}}<br /> | IAKN Ambon<br /> | 1 March 2018<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Maluku (province)|Maluku]]<br /> | B<br /> | [https://iaknmanado.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 004<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''State Christian Institute of Toraja'''<br /> {{small|''Institut Agama Kristen Negeri Toraja''}}<br /> | IAKN Toraja<br /> | 23 January 2020<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[South Sulawesi]]<br /> | Good<br /> | [http://iakntoraja.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 005<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''State Christian Institute of Kupang'''<br /> {{small|''Institut Agama Kristen Negeri Kupang''}}<br /> | IAKN Kupang<br /> | 23 January 2020<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[East Nusa Tenggara]]<br /> | Good<br /> | [http://www.iaknkupang.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 006<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''State Christian Institute of Palangka Raya'''<br /> {{small|''Institut Agama Kristen Negeri Palangka Raya''}}<br /> | IAKN Palangka Raya<br /> | 23 January 2020<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Central Kalimantan]]<br /> | <br /> | [http://www.iaknkupang.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === Public Protestant Christian Colleges===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! PT Code&lt;br/&gt;{{small|223-}}<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Abbrev.<br /> ! data-sort-type=date| Founding Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Acred.&lt;ref name=&quot;banpt&quot;/&gt;<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | 006<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|'''State Protestant Christian College of Sentani'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Sekolah Tinggi Agama Kristen Protestan Negeri Sentani''}}<br /> | STAKPN Sentani<br /> | 10 April 2001<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Papua (province)|Papua]]<br /> | Good<br /> | [http://stakpnsentani.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Public Catholic Colleges===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! PT Code&lt;br/&gt;{{small|263-}}<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Abbrev.<br /> ! data-sort-type=date| Founding Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Acred.&lt;ref name=&quot;banpt&quot;/&gt;<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | 001<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|'''State Catholic College of Pontianak'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Sekolah Tinggi Agama Katolik Negeri Pontianak''}}<br /> | STAKATN Pontianak<br /> | 6 April 2017<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[West Kalimantan]]<br /> | Good<br /> | [http://www.stakatnptk.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> '''''Public Hindu higher education institutions'''''<br /> <br /> ===Public Hindu Universities===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! PT Code&lt;br/&gt;{{small|241-}}<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Abbrev.<br /> ! data-sort-type=date| Founding Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Acred.&lt;ref name=&quot;banpt&quot;/&gt;<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | 001<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|'''State Hindu University of I Gusti Bagus Sugriwa'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Hindu Negeri I Gusti Bagus Sugriwa''}}<br /> | UHN Sugriwara<br /> | 23 January 2020<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Bali]]<br /> | Very Good<br /> | [http://www.stakatnptk.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Public Hindu Institutes===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! PT Code&lt;br/&gt;{{small|242-}}<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Abbrev.<br /> ! data-sort-type=date| Founding Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Acred.&lt;ref name=&quot;banpt&quot;/&gt;<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | 002<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|'''State Hindu Institute of Tampung Penyang'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Hindu Negeri Tampung Penyang''}}<br /> | IAHN TP<br /> | 6 September 1986<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Central Kalimantan]]<br /> | Good<br /> | [https://iahntp.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 003<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|'''State Hindu Institute of Gde Pudja'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Hindu Negeri Gde Pudja''}}<br /> | IAHN Gde Pudja<br /> | 11 July 2001<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[West Nusa Tenggara]]<br /> | Good<br /> | [https://iahn-gdepudja.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Public Hindu Colleges===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! PT Code&lt;br/&gt;{{small|243-}}<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Abbrev.<br /> ! data-sort-type=date| Founding Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Acred.&lt;ref name=&quot;banpt&quot;/&gt;<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | 008<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|'''State Hindu College of Mpu Kuturan'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Sekolah Tinggi Agama Hindu Negeri Mpu Kuturan''}}<br /> | STAHN Mpu Kuturan<br /> | 21 March 2016<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Bali]]<br /> | Very Good<br /> | [http://www.stakatnptk.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> '''''Public Buddhist higher education institutions'''''<br /> <br /> ===Public Buddhist Colleges===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! PT Code&lt;br/&gt;{{small|242-}}<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Abbrev.<br /> ! data-sort-type=date| Founding Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Acred.&lt;ref name=&quot;banpt&quot;/&gt;<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | 001<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|'''State Buddhist College of Sriwijaya'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Sekolah Tinggi Agama Buddha Negeri Sriwijaya''}}<br /> | STABN Sriwijaya<br /> | 20 May 2002<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Banten]]<br /> | B<br /> | [https://iahntp.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 002<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|'''State Buddhist College of Raden Wijaya'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Sekolah Tinggi Agama Buddha Negeri Raden Wijaya''}}<br /> | STABN Raden Wijaya<br /> | 25 January 2007<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Central Java]]<br /> | B<br /> | [https://iahn-gdepudja.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Service higher education institutions ==<br /> Service higher education institutions are higher education institution that are under the auspices of government institutions (ministries) as education providers with a civil service bond or cadreship system.<br /> <br /> === Ministry of Home Affairs ===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! PT Code&lt;br /&gt;{{small|342-}}<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Abbrev.<br /> ! data-sort-type=&quot;date&quot; | Founding Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Acred.&lt;ref name=&quot;banpt&quot; /&gt;<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |Link<br /> |-<br /> | 001<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|'''Institute of Home Affairs'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;Institut Pemerintahan Dalam Negeri&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | IPDN<br /> | 1956<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | [[West Java]]<br /> | Very Good<br /> | [https://ipdn.ac.id]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources ===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! PT Code&lt;/br&gt;{{small|355-}}<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Abbrev.<br /> ! data-sort-type=&quot;date&quot; | Founding Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Acred.&lt;ref name=&quot;banpt&quot; /&gt;<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |Link<br /> |-<br /> | 001<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |'''Akamigas Energy and Mineral Polytechnic'''&lt;/br&gt;&lt;small&gt;Politeknik Energi dan Mineral Akamigas&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | PEM AKAMIGAS<br /> | 1967<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | [[Central Java]]<br /> | B<br /> | [https://www.akamigas.ac.id]<br /> |-<br /> | 002<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |'''Bandung Energy and Mining Polytechnic'''&lt;/br&gt;&lt;small&gt;Politeknik Energi dan Pertambangan Bandung&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | PEP BANDUNG<br /> | 2019<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | [[West Java]]<br /> | Good<br /> | [https://pepbandung.ac.id]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === Ministry of Law and Human Rights ===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! PT Code&lt;br&gt;{{small|365-}}<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Abbrev.<br /> ! data-sort-type=&quot;date&quot; | Founding Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Acred.&lt;ref name=&quot;banpt&quot; /&gt;<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |Link<br /> |-<br /> | 001<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |'''Correctional Science Polytechnic'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;Politeknik Ilmu Pemasyarakatan&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | POLTEKIP<br /> | 1962<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | [[West Java]]<br /> |<br /> | [http://www.poltekip.ac.id]<br /> |-<br /> | 002<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |'''Immigration Polytechnic'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;small&gt;Politeknik Imigrasi&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | POLTEKIM<br /> | 1962<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | [[West Java]]<br /> |<br /> | [https://pepbandung.ac.id]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Private universities==<br /> These notable private universities are owned, funded and managed by private organizations, including those affiliated with Islamic ([[Muhammadiyah]]), Catholic or Christian socio-religious organizations.<br /> <br /> ===Jakarta===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Name in English !!style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Name in Indonesian !!style=&quot;width:5%;&quot;|Acronym !!style=&quot;width:5%;&quot;|Foundation !! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; style=&quot;width:5%;&quot; |Reference !!style=&quot;width:15%;&quot;|Website<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Al-Azhar University of Indonesia]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Al-Azhar Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UAI<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1960<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.uai.ac.id/|title= Official website |website=uai.ac.id|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230105043930/http://www.uai.ac.id/ |access-date=2023-01-05|archive-date= 2023-01-05 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.uai.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Asian Banking Finance and Informatic Institute Perbanas<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|STIE Perbanas <br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|ABFI-PERBANAS<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1969<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.perbanasinstitute.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Katolik Atma Jaya<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|STMIK Jakarta STI&amp;K<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1960<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;|{{url|http://www.atmajaya.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Bakrie University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Bakrie<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| UB<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|2006<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bakrie.ac.id/en/|title=Experience The Real Things &amp;#124; Universitas Bakrie|website=Bakrie.ac.id}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.bakrie.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Binus University|Bina Nusantara University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Bina Nusantara<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|Binus University<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1985<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.binus.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Bina Sarana Informatika|Bina Sarana Informatika University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Bina Sarana Informatika<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UBSI<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1988<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.bsi.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Borobudur University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Borobudur<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1982<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.universitasborobudur.ac.id/|title= Official website |website=Universitasborobudur.ac.id|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110609043930/http://www.universitasborobudur.ac.id/ |access-date=2021-04-05|archive-date= 2011-06-09 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.universitasborobudur.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Budi Luhur University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Budi Luhur<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UBL<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1979<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://pendaftaran.budiluhur.ac.id/|title=Beranda &amp;#124; PMB ONLINE Universitas Budi Luhur - Kampus Cerdas Berbudi Luhur|website=pendaftaran.budiluhur.ac.id}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.budiluhur.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Universitas Kristen Indonesia|Christian University of Indonesia]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Kristen Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UKI<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1953<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.uki.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Darma Persada University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Darma Persada<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNSADA<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1986<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.unsada.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;| Dian Nusantara University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Dian Nusantara<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNDIRA<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=id&amp;u=https://undira.ac.id/&amp;prev=search&amp;pto=aue|title=Google Translate|website=translate.google.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;|{{URL|https://undira.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Esa Unggul University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Esa Unggul<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UEU<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1993<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.esaunggul.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Indonesia Institute for Life Science<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Institut Bio Scientia Internasional Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|i3L<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|2013<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://i3l.ac.id/info/|title=i3L Undergraduate Program - Speak To Our Admission Team|website=I3l.ac.id|access-date=5 April 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;|{{URL|http://www.i3L.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[YARSI University|Indonesia Islamic Hospital Foundation University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Yayasan Rumah Sakit Islam Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|YARSI<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1967<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.yarsi.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Indraprasta PGRI University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Indraprasta PGRI<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNINDRA<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1982<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.unindra.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Informatics Management and Computer University of Jakarta<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Sekolah Tinggi Manajemen Informatika dan Komputer Jakarta<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|STMIK<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|2000<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.jak-stik.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Jakarta Institute of Arts<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Institut Kesenian Jakarta<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|IKJ<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1970<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.ikj.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Telkom University Jakarta<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Telkom Jakarta<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|Tel-U<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|2023<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-03-14 |title=Universitas Telkom Jakarta {{!}} &quot;Creating the Future&quot; |url=https://jakarta.telkomuniversity.ac.id/ |access-date=2024-03-15 |website=jakarta.telkomuniversity.ac.id |language=id-ID}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|https://jakarta.telkomuniversity.ac.id/}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Krida Wacana Christian University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Kristen Krida Wacana<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UKRIDA<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1967<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.ukrida.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Mercu Buana University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Mercubuana<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMB<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1985<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://pendaftaran.mercubuana.ac.id/|title=Pendaftaran Mercu Buana|first=Pendaftaran Mercu|last=Buana|website=pendaftaran.mercubuana.ac.id}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.mercubuana.ac.id}} <br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Muhammadiyah University of Jakarta<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMJ<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1955<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.umj.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Universitas Nasional|National University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Nasional<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNAS<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1949<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.unas.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Nusantara Institute of Business<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Institut Bisnis Nusantara<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|IBN<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1986<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.ibn.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Pancasila University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Pancasila<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UP<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1966<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.univpancasila.ac.id/index.php|title= Official website |website=Univpancasila.ac.id|access-date=2021-04-05}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.univpancasila.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Paramadina University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Paramadina<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UPM/PARMAD<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1998<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.paramadina.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Persada Indonesia - Indonesia Administration Foundation University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Persada Indonesia Yayasan Administrasi Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UPI YAI<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1985<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.yai.ac.id/upi/|title= Official website |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20111123121651/http://www.yai.ac.id/upi/ |access-date=2021-04-05|archive-date= 2011-11-23 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.yai.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|PPM School of Management<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Pendidikan dan Pembinaan Manajemen<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|PPM<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1967<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://ppm-manajemen.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Prof. Dr. HAMKA Muhammadiyah University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof. Dr. HAMKA<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UHAMKA<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1960<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.uhamka.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Prof. Moestopo University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Prof. Moestopo (Beragama)<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1961<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.moestopo.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;| Raffles Institute of Higher Education<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Raffles Institute of Higher Education<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|Raffles@Citywalk<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|2009<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Respati University of Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Respati Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|URINDO<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1978<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.urindo.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Sahid University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Sahid<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|USAHID<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1988<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://usahid.ac.id/|title= Official website |website=usahid.ac.id/|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150624021223/http://usahid.ac.id/ |access-date=2021-04-05|archive-date= 2015-06-24 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://usahid.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Tarumanagara University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Tarumanagara<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNTAR<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1962<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.tarumanagara.ac.id/|title= Official website |website=Tarumanagara.ac.id|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090427063641/http://www.tarumanagara.ac.id/ |access-date=2021-04-05|archive-date= 2009-04-27 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Trisakti University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Trisakti<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|USAKTI<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1965<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.trisakti.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[University of Bunda Mulia]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Bunda Mulia<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UBM<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1986<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.ubm.ac.id}}<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Banten===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[BINUS University Alam Sutera Main Campus]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Bina Nusantara Kampus Alam Sutera<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|BINUS<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2010<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Tangerang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.binus.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[International University Liaison Indonesia]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Lintas Internasional Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|IULI<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2014<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Tangerang]] <br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.iuli.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Multimedia Nusantara University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Media Nusantara<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNIMEDIA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2006<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|Gading [[Tangerang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.unimedia.ac.id/|title= Official website |website=Unimedia.ac.id|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110521140715/http://www.unimedia.ac.id/ |access-date=2021-04-05|archive-date= 2011-05-21 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Pamulang University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Pamulang<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNPAM<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2000<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[South Tangerang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://unpam.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Pelita Harapan University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Pelita Harapan<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UPH<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1993<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Karawaci, Tangerang|Karawaci]], [[Tangerang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.uph.edu/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Perguruan Tinggi Raharja]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Perguruan Tinggi Raharja Tangerang<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|RAHARJA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1994<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Tangerang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.raharja.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Prasetiya Mulya University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Prasetiya Mulya<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|PMBS, Prasmul, PMSBE<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1982<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[South Tangerang]] and [[Jakarta]] <br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.pmsbe.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Serang Raya University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Serang Raya<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNSERA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2001<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Serang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.unsera.ac.id]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Surya University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Surya<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|SU<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2013<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Tangerang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.surya.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Swiss German University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Swiss German University<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|SGU<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2000<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[South Tangerang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.sgu.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Syech Yusuf Islamic University of Tangerang<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Islam Syekh Yusuf Tangerang<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNIS<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1966<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Tangerang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.unistangerang.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Technology Institute of Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Institut Teknologi Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|ITI<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1984<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Tangerang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.iti.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===West Java===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Bandung Islamic University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Islam Bandung<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNISBA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1958<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Bandung]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.unisba.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Djuanda University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Djuanda<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNIDA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1987<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Bogor]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.unida.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Gunadarma University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Gunadarma<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|GUNDAR<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1981<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Depok]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.gunadarma.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; | [[Horizon University Indonesia]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; | Universitas Horizon Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; | HORIZONU<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; | 1991<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; | [[Karawang Regency|Karawang]]<br /> |[https://horizon.ac.id 22]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Ibn Khaldun University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Universitas Ibn Khaldun Bogor<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |UIKA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |1961<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bandung|Bogor]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.uika-bogor.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Indonesian Computer University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Universitas Komputer Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |UNIKOM<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |2001<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bandung]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.unikom.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Islamic 45 University of Bekasi<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Universitas Islam 45 Bekasi<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |UNISMA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |1982<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bekasi]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.unismabekasi.ac.id/]<br /> <br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Jayabaya University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Universitas Jayabaya<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |UJ<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |1958<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bogor]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.jayabaya.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |General Achmad Yani University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |UNJANI<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |1974<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Cimahi]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.unjani.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Langlangbuana University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Universitas Langlangbuana<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |UNLA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |1982<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bandung]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.unla.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |[[Maranatha Christian University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Universitas Kristen Maranatha<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |UKM<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |1965<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bandung]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.maranatha.edu/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |[[National Institute of Technology (Indonesia)|National Institute of Technology]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Institut Teknologi Nasional<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |ITENAS<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |1972<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bandung]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.itenas.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Nusantara Islamic University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Universitas Islam Nusantara<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |UNINUS<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |1959<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bandung]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.uninus.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Pakuan University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Universitas Pakuan<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |UNPAK<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |1980<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bogor]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.unpak.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |[[Universitas Katolik Parahyangan|Parahyangan Catholic University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Universitas Katolik Parahyangan<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |UNPAR<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |1955<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bandung]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.unpar.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Pasundan University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Universitas Pasundan<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |UNPAS<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |1960<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bandung]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.unpas.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |[[President University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Universitas Presiden<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |PresUniv<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |2001<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bekasi Regency|Bekasi]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.president.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Technology College of Garut<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi Garut<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |STTG<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |1991<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Garut]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.sttgarut.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |[[Telkom University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Telkom University<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |Tel-U<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |2013<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bandung]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.telkomuniversity.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |[https://uniku.ac.id Universitas Kuningan]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Universitas Kuningan<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |UNIKU<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |2003<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Kuningan]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.uniku.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Widyatama University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Universitas Widyatama<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |Widyatama<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |1973<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bandung]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.widyatama.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Kesatuan Institute of Business and Informatics<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Institut Bisnis dan Informatika Kesatuan<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |IBIK<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |1953<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bogor]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.ibik.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |PASIM National University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Universitas Nasional PASIM<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; | UNAS PASIM<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; | 1996<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bandung]]<br /> |[https://pasim.ac.id/sejarah]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Sony Sugema College of Information Technology<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi Informatika Sony Sugema<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |STTI<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |2001<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bandung]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[https://sttiss.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Yogyakarta Special Region===<br /> {{main|List of universities in Yogyakarta}}<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Ahmad Dahlan University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Ahmad Dahlan<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UAD<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1960<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.uad.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[AKPRIND Institute of Science and Technology]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Institut Sains dan Teknologi AKPRIND<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|IST AKPRIND<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1970<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.akprind.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Atma Jaya University, Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Atmajaya Yogyakarta<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UAJY<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1965<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.uajy.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[University of Amikom Yogyakarta|College of Information Management and Computer Science AMIKOM Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|STMIK AMIKOM Yogyakarta<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|AMIKOM<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1992<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.amikom.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Duta Wacana Christian University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Kristen Duta Wacana<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UKDW<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1945<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.ukdw.ac.id/2009/id/ |title=Universitas Kristen Duta Wacana |access-date=2011-05-27 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110602061852/http://www.ukdw.ac.id/2009/id/ |archive-date=2011-06-02 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Islamic University of Indonesia]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Islam Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UII<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1945<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.uii.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Mercu Buana University, Yogyakarta<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Mercubuana Yogyakarta<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMBY<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1985<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://mercubuana-yogya.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Muhammadiyah University of Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMY<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1980<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.umy.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Sanata Dharma University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Sanata Dharma<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|USD<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1955<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.usd.ac.id/en]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Aisyiyah University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Aisyiyah<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNISA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1991<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://stikes-aisyiyah-jogja.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; | General Achmad Yani University of Yogyakarta<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; | Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani Yogyakarta<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; | UNJAYA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; | 2018<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; | [[Sleman Regency|Sleman]]<br /> |<br /> [https://unjaya.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Central Java===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Academy of Information and Computer Management PGRI]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Akademi Manajemen Informatika dan Komputer PGRI<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|AMIK PGRI<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1993<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Kebumen Regency|Kebumen]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.amik-kebumen.ac.id]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[:id:Universitas STEKOM|University of Computer Science &amp; Technology]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Sains &amp; Teknologi Komputer<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|Univ STEKOM<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2020<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Semarang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://stekom.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Amikom University of Purwokerto<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Amikom Purwokerto<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|AMPU<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2005<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Purwokerto]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://www.amikompurwokerto.ac.id Link]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[ATMI Polytechnic]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Politeknik ATMI<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|ATMI<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1968<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Surakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.atmi.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Dharma Patria Polytechnic]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Politeknik Dharma Patria<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|POLDA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2002<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Kebumen Regency|Kebumen]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.politeknik-kebumen.ac.id]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Dian Nuswantoro University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Dian Nuswantoro<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UDINUS<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2001<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Semarang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.dinus.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Muhammadiyah Institute of Technology]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi Muhammadiyah<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|STTM<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2001<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Kebumen Regency|Kebumen]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.sttm.ac.id]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Muhammadiyah University of Magelang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMMGL<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1964<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Magelang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Official website|url=https://www.amikompurwokerto.ac.id|access-date=2021-06-28|website=amikompurwokerto.ac.id}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Muhammadiyah University of Purwokerto<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwoketo<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMP<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1964<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Purwokerto]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.ump.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Muhammadiyah University of Purworejo<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Purworejo<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMP<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1964<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Purworejo]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.um-pwr.ac.id/|title= Official website |website=Um-pwr.ac.id|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100801064525/http://www.um-pwr.ac.id/ |access-date=2021-04-05|archive-date= 2010-08-01 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Muhammadiyah University of Semarang<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNIMUS<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1997<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Semarang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://unimus.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMS<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1960<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Surakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.ums.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Muria Kudus University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muria Kudus<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMK<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1982<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Kudus, Indonesia|Kudus]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.umk.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Nahdlatul Ulama Islamic Institute ]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Institut Agama Islam Nahdlatul Ulama<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|IAINU<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1987<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Kebumen Regency|Kebumen]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.iainu-kebumen.ac.id]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Nahdlatul Ulama Islamic University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Islam Nahdlatul Ulama<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNISNU<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1991<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Jepara]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.unisnu.ac.id]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Nahdlatul Ulama Ma'arif University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Ma'arif Nahdlatul Ulama<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMNU<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2014<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Kebumen Regency|Kebumen]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.umnu-kebumen.ac.id] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200620023217/http://umnu-kebumen.ac.id/ |date=2020-06-20 }}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Putra Bangsa University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Putra Bangsa<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UPB<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2001<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Kebumen Regency|Kebumen]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.stieputrabangsa.ac.id]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Qur'anic Science University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Sains Al Qur'an<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNSIQ<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1988<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Wonosobo Regency|Wonosobo]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.unsiq.ac.id]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Satya Wacana Christian University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UKSW<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1956<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Salatiga]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.uksw.edu/id/|title= Official website |website=Uksw.edu|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110529082944/http://www.uksw.edu/id/ |access-date=2021-04-05|archive-date= 2011-05-29 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Soegijapranata Catholic University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Katolik Soegijapranata<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1964<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Semarang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.unika.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Sultan Agung Islamic University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Universitas Islam Sultan Agung]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNISSULA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1962<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Semarang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://unissula.ac.id Link]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===East Java===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|17 August 1945 University Surabaya<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Surabaya<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNTAG<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1958<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Surabaya]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.untag-sby.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Bina Nusantara University Malang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Bina Nusantara Malang<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|BINUS Malang<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2015<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Malang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://binus.ac.id/malang/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Ciputra University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Ciputra<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UC<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2006<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Surabaya]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://ciputra.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Institute of Health Education<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Institut Ilmu Kesehatan<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|IIK<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1985<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Kediri (city)|Kediri]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.iik.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Kertanegara University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu ekonomi Kertanegara Malang<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|STIEKMA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1982<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Malang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.stiekma.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Muhammadiyah University of Gresik<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Gresik<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMG<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1987<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Gresik]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.umg.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Muhammadiyah University of Jember<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Jember<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|Unmuh Jember<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1987<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Jember]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Home: Muhammadiyah University of Jember |url=http://www.unmuhjember.ac.id/ |access-date=February 17, 2024 |website=www.unmuhjember.ac.id}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;| Muhammadiyah University of Malang<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMM<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1964<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Malang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.umm.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Muhammadiyah University of Sidoarjo<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMSIDA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1987<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Sidoarjo]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.umsida.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Muhammadiyah University of Surabaya<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|Unmuh Surabaya<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1964<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Surabaya]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.um-surabaya.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Pelita Harapan University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Pelita Harapan<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UPH<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1993<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Surabaya]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://www.uph.edu//]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Petra Christian University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Kristen Petra<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UKP<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1961<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Surabaya]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.petra.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[University of Surabaya]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Surabaya<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UBAYA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1966<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Surabaya]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.ubaya.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Widya Mandala Catholic University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Katolik Widya Mandala<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UKWMS / WM<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1960<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Surabaya]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.ukwms.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Wijaya Kusuma University, Surabaya]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Wijaya Kusuma Surabaya<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UWK<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1980<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Surabaya]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://uwks.ac.id//]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Wijaya Putra University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Wijaya Putra<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UWP<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1981<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Surabaya]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://uwp.ac.id//]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Telkom University Surabaya<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Telkom Surabaya<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|Tel-U<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;| 2023<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Surabaya]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://surabaya.telkomuniversity.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Kiai Haji Achmad Siddiq State Islamic University Jember]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Islam Negeri Kiai Haji Achmad Siddiq Jember<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UINKHAS<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1997<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Jember]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://stain-jember.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|PGRI MADIUN University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas PGRI MADIUN<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNIPMA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1976<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Madiun]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://ikippgri-madiun.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===North Sumatra===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[HKBP Nommensen University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas HKBP Nommensen<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;| UHN<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1954<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Medan]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://uhn.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Islamic University of North Sumatra<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Islam Sumatera Utara<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UISU<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1953<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Medan]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.uisu.ac.id/ |title= Official website |website=unismuh.ac.id|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20111019142806/http://www.uisu.ac.id/ |access-date=2021-04-05|archive-date= 2011-10-19 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Methodist University of Indonesia]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Methodist Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMI<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1965<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Medan]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.umi-mdn.edu/|title= Official website |website=unismuh.ac.id|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110517033030/http://www.umi-mdn.edu/ |access-date=2021-04-05|archive-date= 2011-05-17 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Royal College of Information and Computer Management]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Sekolah Tinggi Manajemen Informatika dan Komputer Royal<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;| STMIK Royal<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1995<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Kisaran]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://stmiktoyal.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Bengkulu===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Muhammadiyah University of Bengkulu<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Bengkulu<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMB<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1970<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Bengkulu]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.umb.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===South Sumatra===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Muhammadiyah University of Palembang<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Palembang<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMP<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1984<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Palembang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://umpalembang.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[University of Palembang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Palembang<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNPAL<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1982<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Palembang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://unpal.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Lampung===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Muhammadiyah University of Metro<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Metro<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UM Metro<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1991<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Metro, Indonesia]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.ummetro.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Raden Intan Lampung State Islamic University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Intan Lampung<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UINRIL<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1968<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Bandar Lampung]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://iainlampung.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===North Sulawesi===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[De La Salle University (Indonesia)|De La Salle Catholic University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Katolik De La Salle Manado<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2000<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Manado]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.unikadelasalle.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Klabat University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Klabat<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1965<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Manado]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Southeast Sulawesi===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Avicenna College of Health Sciences]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Avicenna<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|STIK Avicenna<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1965<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Kendari]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://stik-avicenna.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===South Sulawesi===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Christian University of Indonesia, Toraja<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Kristen Indonesia, Toraja<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UKIT<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1992<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Tana Toraja]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://ukitoraja.ac.id/webx/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|East Indonesia University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Indonesia Timur<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UIT<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2001<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Makassar]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Indonesia Education Board Management College<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Manajemen Lembaga Pendidikan Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|STIM LPI<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1980<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Makassar]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Indonesian Muslim University Makassar<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muslim Indonesia Makassar<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMI<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1954<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Makassar]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.umi.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Muhammadiyah University Makassar<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Makassar<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMM<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1963<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Makassar]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://unismuh.ac.id/web |title= Official website |website=unismuh.ac.id|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180204202714/http://unismuh.ac.id/web |access-date=2021-04-05|archive-date= 2018-02-04 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Republic of Indonesia Veteran University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Veteran Republik Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UVRI<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1977<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Makassar]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Bali===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Stenden University Bali]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Stenden University Bali<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|SUB<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2009<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Kuta Utara]] [[Badung]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[University of National Education]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Pendidikan Nasional<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNDIKNAS<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1969<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Denpasar]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Universitas Pendidikan Nasional – Undiknas Kampus Milenial |url=http://undiknas.ac.id/ |access-date=2024-02-17 |language=id-ID}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Warmadewa University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Warmadewa<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNWAR<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1983<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Denpasar]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Universitas Warmadewa {{!}} Bermutu, Berintegritas, Berwawasan Lingkungan Kepariwisataan |url=https://www.warmadewa.ac.id/ |access-date=2024-02-17 |website=warmadewa.ac.id}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===East Nusa Tenggara===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Artha Wacana Christian University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Kristen Artha Wacana<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UKAW<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1985<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Kupang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Universitas Kristen Artha Wacana |url=http://ukarthawacana.blogspot.com/ |access-date=2024-02-17 |website=ukarthawacana.blogspot.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===West Papua===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> |30%;&quot;|Muhammadiyah STKIP of Sorong<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|STKIP Muhammadiyah Sorong <br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|STKIP Muh Sorong<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2004<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Sorong (city)|Sorong]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.stkipmuhsorong.ac.id/ |title=Official website |website= www.stkipmuhsorong.ac.id|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180518200203/http://www.stkipmuhsorong.ac.id/ |access-date=2021-04-05|archive-date=2018-05-18 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Riau===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Nurul Hidayah Islamic College]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Nurul Hidayah<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|STAI<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2000<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Selat Panjang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://nurulhidayah.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===West Sumatra===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[National Teacher Training and Education College]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Sekolah Tinggi Keguruan Dan Ilmu Pendidikan Nasional<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|STKIP<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2009<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Padang Pariaman]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://stkip-nasional.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Other institutions==<br /> <br /> Institutions of higher education regulated by Indonesia's Ministry of National Education that are authorized to confer degrees, but without the status of universities include:<br /> <br /> * [[Astra Manufacturing Polytechnic]] (Polman), [[Jakarta]]<br /> * [[Indonesian State College of Accountancy]] (STAN), [[South Tangerang]]<br /> <br /> == Image gallery ==<br /> {{Gallery|File:ITB 1.jpg|alt4=Diponegoro University, Semarang|22=[[Udayana University]], [[Bali]]|23=File:Gate universitas andalas 02.jpg|24=[[Andalas University]], [[Padang]]|alt1=Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung|alt2=Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta|alt3=University of Indonesia, Jakarta|alt5=Airlangga University, Surabaya|20=[[Sebelas Maret University]], [[Surakarta]]|title=|alt6=University of Brawijaya, Malang|alt7=Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology, Surabaya|alt8=Bogor Agricultural Institute, Bogor|alt9=Padjadjaran University, Bandung|alt10=Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta|alt11=Udayana University, Bali|21=File:Udayana rectorate building.jpg|19=File:Sebelas Maret University entrance gate.JPG|[[Bandung Institute of Technology]], [[Bandung]]|9=File:Universitas Airlangga.jpg|File:Gedung Pusat (Rektorat) UGM.jpg|[[Gadjah Mada University]], [[Yogyakarta]]|File:No 18 Rektorat Universitas Indonesia.jpg|[[University of Indonesia]], [[Jakarta]]|File:Widya puraya undip.jpg|[[Diponegoro University]], [[Semarang]]|10=[[Airlangga University]], [[Surabaya]]|18=[[Padjadjaran University]], [[Bandung]]|11=File:MonumenTuguUB.jpg|12=[[University of Brawijaya]], [[Malang]]|13=File:Its library front.JPG|14=[[Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology]], [[Surabaya]]|15=File:BogorAgriculturalUniversityEntrance.jpg|16=[[IPB University|Bogor Agricultural Institute]], [[Bogor]]|17=File:Rectorate of University of Padjadjaran.jpg|alt12=Andalas University, Padang}}<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[Education in Indonesia]]<br /> * [[Seleksi Nasional Berdasarkan Tes|Test-Based National Selection]] (SNBT)<br /> * [[List of Indonesian agricultural universities and colleges]]<br /> * [[Union of Catholic University Students of the Republic of Indonesia]] (PMKRI)<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{notelist}}{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110512205214/http://kemdiknas.go.id/ Ministry of National Education of Indonesia]<br /> * [https://web.archive.org/web/20150923151942/http://ban-pt.kemdiknas.go.id/ National Accreditation Board for Higher Education]<br /> * [http://carikampus.com/ Social Indonesia University Listing]<br /> <br /> {{Universities in Indonesia|state=expanded}}<br /> {{Asia topic|List of universities in}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Universities In Indonesia}}<br /> [[Category:Universities in Indonesia|*]]<br /> [[Category:Indonesia education-related lists]]<br /> [[Category:Lists of universities and colleges in Asia|Indonesia]]<br /> [[Category:Lists of universities and colleges in Indonesia| ]]<br /> [[Category:Lists of universities and colleges by country|Indonesia]]<br /> <br /> [[id:Daftar perguruan tinggi di Indonesia]]<br /> [[jv:Dhaptar perguruan tinggi ing Indonésia]]</div> Xbypass https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_universities_in_Indonesia&diff=1240925632 List of universities in Indonesia 2024-08-18T08:44:37Z <p>Xbypass: /* Service higher education institutions */</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|none}}<br /> {{Incomplete list|date=September 2011}}<br /> <br /> This is a '''list of [[University|universities]], colleges, polytechnics and other [[higher education in Indonesia]]'''.<br /> <br /> According to the former Directorate General of Higher Education (now part of the Ministry of Research, Technology, &amp; Higher Education), in 2022 there were 4,004 higher education institutions (3,820 private and 184 public).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Statistik Indonesia 2024 |url=https://www.bps.go.id/id/publication/2024/02/28/c1bacde03256343b2bf769b0/statistik-indonesia-2024.html |access-date=2024-03-02 |language=id-ID}}&lt;/ref&gt; Higher education in Indonesia offers, academic degrees, vocational degrees, and professional degrees. They are provided by the following types of institutions:<br /> <br /> * '''Community Academy''' provides vocational education for diploma one and/or diploma two programs in regencies/municipalities based on local excellence or to meet special needs.<br /> * '''Academy''', offers vocational education in a number of fields of common origin such as a military academy and nursing academy.<br /> * '''Polytechnic''', offers vocational education, and/or professional education in various fields<br /> * '''Specialised College''' (''Sekolah Tinggi''), offers academic education and can provide vocational and/or professional education in 1 (one) specific cluster<br /> * '''Institute''', offers academic education and can provide vocational and/or professional education in a number of fields of common origin (technological cluster for example)<br /> * '''University''', offers academic education, and can provide vocational education, and/or professional education in various fields<br /> <br /> There are several levels of degrees that can be achieved in higher education, which are split into six levels:<br /> <br /> * '''D1 - Ahli Pratama''' (A.P.) is a one year education program consisting of 32 credits and a final assignment in the form of practical work and scientific work reports. The title translates to &quot;Primary Expert&quot;.<br /> * '''D2 - Ahli Muda''' (A.Ma.) is a two year education program consisting of 64 credits. The title translates to &quot;Young Expert&quot;.<br /> * '''D3 - Ahli Madya''' (A.Md.) is a three year higher education programm consisting of 112 credits. The title translates to &quot;Associate Expert&quot;.<br /> * '''D4 - Sarjana Terapan''' (S.Tr.) is a four year higher education programm consisting of 144 credits. The title translates to &quot;Bachelor of Applied [...]&quot; followed by the subject.<br /> * '''S1 - Sarjana''' is a four to seven years higher education program, depending on the university, which requires a scientific thesis. This is equivalent to a Bachelor's degree.<br /> * '''S2 - Magister''' is a one to two year graduate program which requires a scientific thesis. This is equivalent to a Master's degree.<br /> * '''S3 - Doktor:''' is a three to seven years graduate program which requires a scientific dissertation.<br /> <br /> ==Public higher education institutions==<br /> There are 125 public higher education institutions divided into 63 public universities, 13 Institutes, 44 Polytechnics, and 5 Community Colleges.<br /> <br /> ===Public universities===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! PT Code&lt;br /&gt;{{small|001-}}<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Abbrev.<br /> ! Founding Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Accred.&lt;ref name=&quot;banpt&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Badan Akreditasi Nasional–Perguruan Tinggi|trans-title=National Accreditation Organization for Higher Education|url=https://www.banpt.or.id/direktori/institusi/pencarian_institusi.php|access-date=2022-01-03}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 001<br /> | '''[[Gadjah Mada University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Gadjah Mada''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UGM<br /> | 1949, 19 December <br /> | [[Sleman]] and [[Yogyakarta]], [[Special Region of Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Universitas Gadjah Mada |url=https://ugm.ac.id/id/ |access-date=2024-02-17 |website=ugm.ac.id |language=id-ID}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 002<br /> | '''[[University of Indonesia]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Indonesia''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UI<br /> | 1849, 2 January {{small|(as ''Dokter-Djawa School Batavia'')}}&lt;br /&gt;1950, 2 February {{small|(as ''Universiteit Indonesia'')}}&lt;br /&gt;1955, 11 July {{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Jakarta]] and [[Depok]], [[West Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Universitas Indonesia |url=https://www.ui.ac.id/ |access-date=2024-02-17 |website=Universitas Indonesia |language=id-ID}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 003<br /> | '''[[University of North Sumatra]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Sumatera Utara''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| USU<br /> | 1952, 20 August<br /> | [[Medan]], [[North Sumatra]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Beranda {{!}} Universitas Sumatera Utara |url=https://www.usu.ac.id/id |access-date=2024-02-17 |website=Website Universitas Sumatera Utara}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 004<br /> | '''[[Airlangga University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Airlangga''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNAIR<br /> | 1954, 1 November<br /> | [[Surabaya]], [[East Java]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|7|16|18|S|112|45|29|E}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Beranda UNAIR |url=https://unair.ac.id/ |access-date=2024-02-17 |website=Universitas Airlangga Official Website |language=id-ID}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 005<br /> | '''[[University of Hasanuddin]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Hasanuddin''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNHAS<br /> | 1956, 10 September<br /> | [[Makassar]], [[South Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unhas.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 006<br /> | '''[[Universitas Andalas|Andalas University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Andalas''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNAND<br /> | 1955, 13 September <br /> | [[Padang]], [[West Sumatra]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unand.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 007<br /> | '''[[Padjadjaran University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Padjadjaran''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNPAD<br /> | 1957, 11 September<br /> | [[Bandung]] and Jatinangor, [[West Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unpad.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 008<br /> | '''[[Diponegoro University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Diponegoro''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNDIP<br /> | 1957, 9 January<br /> | [[Semarang]], [[Central Java]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|-7.049|110.438|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.undip.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 009<br /> | '''[[Sriwijaya University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Sriwijaya''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNSRI<br /> | 1960, 29 October<br /> | [[Palembang]] and Indralaya, [[South Sumatra]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unsri.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 010<br /> | '''[[Lambung Mangkurat University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Lambung Mangkurat''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| ULM<br /> | 1958, 1 September <br /> | [[Banjarmasin]] and [[Banjarbaru]], [[South Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| A<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.ulm.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 011<br /> | '''[[Syiah Kuala University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Syiah Kuala''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| USK<br /> | 1961, 2 September<br /> | [[Banda Aceh]], [[Aceh]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.usk.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 012<br /> | '''[[Sam Ratulangi University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Sam Ratulangi''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNSRAT<br /> | 1965, 14 September<br /> | [[Manado]], [[North Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unsrat.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 013<br /> | '''[[Udayana University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Udayana''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNUD<br /> | 1962, 17 August<br /> | [[Badung]], [[Bali]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|8|47|56|S|115|10|19|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unud.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 014<br /> | '''[[University of Nusa Cendana]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Nusa Cendana''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNDANA<br /> | 1962, 1 September<br /> | [[Kupang]], [[East Nusa Tenggara]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|-10.1545227|123.6590252|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.undana.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 015<br /> | '''[[Mulawarman University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Mulawarman''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNMUL<br /> | 1962, 27 September <br /> | [[Samarinda]], [[East Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unmul.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 016<br /> | '''[[University of Mataram]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Mataram''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNRAM<br /> | 1962, 1 October<br /> | [[Mataram (city)|Mataram]], [[West Nusa Tenggara]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unram.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 017<br /> | '''[[University of Riau]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Riau''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNRI<br /> | 1962, 1 September<br /> | [[Pekanbaru]], [[Riau]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|0.4764|101.3806|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| A<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unri.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 018<br /> | '''[[Cenderawasih University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Cenderawasih''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNCEN<br /> | 1962, 10 November<br /> | [[Jayapura]], [[Papua (province)|Papua]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.uncen.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 019<br /> | '''[[University of Brawijaya]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Brawijaya''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UB<br /> | 1963, 5 January<br /> | [[Malang]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.ub.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 020<br /> | '''[[University of Jambi]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Jambi''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNJA<br /> | 1963, 26 March<br /> | [[Jambi (city)]], [[Jambi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unja.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 021<br /> | '''[[Pattimura University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Pattimura''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNPATTI<br /> | 1963, 23 April<br /> | [[Ambon, Maluku|Ambon]], [[Maluku (province)|Maluku]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unpatti.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 022<br /> | '''[[Tanjungpura University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Tanjungpura''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNTAN<br /> | 1959, 20 May<br /> | [[Pontianak, Indonesia|Pontianak]], [[West Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| A<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.untan.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 023<br /> | '''[[Jenderal Soedirman University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Jenderal Soedirman''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNSOED<br /> | 1963, 23 September <br /> | [[Purwokerto]] and [[Purbalingga]], [[Central Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| A<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unsoed.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 024<br /> | '''[[University of Palangkaraya]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Palangkaraya''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UPR<br /> | 1963, 10 November <br /> | [[Palangka Raya]], [[Central Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.upr.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 025<br /> | '''[[University of Jember]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Jember''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNEJ<br /> | 1964, 10 November <br /> | [[Jember]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.unej.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 026<br /> | '''[[Lampung University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Lampung''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNILA<br /> | 1965, 22 September<br /> | [[Bandar Lampung]], [[Lampung]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|5|21|52.24|S|105|14|36.38|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unila.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 027<br /> | '''[[Sebelas Maret University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Sebelas Maret''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNS<br /> | 1976, 11 March<br /> | [[Surakarta]], [[Central Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.uns.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 028<br /> | '''[[Tadulako University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Tadulako''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNTAD<br /> | 1981, 1 May<br /> | [[Palu]], [[Central Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.untad.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 029<br /> | '''[[Haluoleo University|Halu Oleo University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Halu Oleo''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UHO<br /> | 1981, 19 August<br /> | [[Kendari]], [[Southeast Sulawesi]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|4|0|31.72|S|122|31|21.65|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.uho.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 030<br /> | '''[[University of Bengkulu]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Bengkulu''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNIB<br /> | 1982, 24 April<br /> | [[Bengkulu (city)]], [[Bengkulu]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|3|45|35.27|S|102|16|20.8|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unib.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 031<br /> | '''[[Universitas Terbuka|Indonesia Open University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Terbuka''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UT<br /> | 1984, 4 September <br /> | [[South Tangerang]], [[Banten]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|6| 20|41.6|S|106|45|29.11|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| A<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.ut.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 032<br /> | '''[[State University of Padang]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Negeri Padang''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNP<br /> | 1954, 23 October<br /> | [[Padang]], [[West Sumatra]]&lt;br /&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unp.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 033<br /> | '''[[State University of Malang]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Negeri Malang''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UM<br /> | 1954, 18 October<br /> | [[Malang]] and [[Blitar]], [[East Java]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|7|57|46.78|S|112|37|6.41|E}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.um.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 034<br /> | '''[[Indonesia University of Education]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UPI<br /> | 1954, 20 October<br /> | [[Bandung]], [[West Java]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|6|51|48.24|S|107|35|39.48|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.upi.edu/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 035<br /> | '''[[State University of Manado]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Negeri Manado''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNIMA<br /> | 1955, 22 September<br /> | [[Minahasa Regency|Minahasa]], [[North Sulawesi]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|1|15|59.7|N|124|52|59.4|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unima.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 036<br /> | '''[[State University of Makassar]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Negeri Makassar''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNM<br /> | 1961, 1 August<br /> | [[Makassar]], [[South Sulawesi]]&lt;br /&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unm.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 037<br /> | '''[[State University of Jakarta]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Negeri Jakarta''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNJ<br /> | 1964, 16 May <br /> | [[Jakarta]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|6|11|40.2|S|106|52|43.7|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unj.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 038<br /> | '''[[Yogyakarta State University|State University of Yogyakarta]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNY<br /> | 1964, 21 May <br /> | [[Sleman]] and [[Yogyakarta]], [[Special Region of Yogyakarta]]&lt;br /&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.uny.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 039<br /> | '''[[State University of Surabaya]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Negeri Surabaya''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNESA<br /> | 1964, 19 December<br /> | [[Surabaya]], [[East Java]]&lt;br /&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unesa.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 040<br /> | '''[[State University of Medan]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Negeri Medan''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNIMED<br /> | 1956<br /> | [[Medan]], [[North Sumatra]]&lt;br /&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| A<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unimed.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 041<br /> | '''[[State University of Semarang]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Negeri Semarang''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNNES<br /> | 1965<br /> | [[Semarang]], [[Central Java]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|7|2| 55.4|S|110|23|22.7|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unnes.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 042<br /> | '''[[Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNTIRTA<br /> | 1981<br /> | [[Serang]] and [[Cilegon]], [[Banten]]&lt;br /&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.untirta.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 043<br /> | '''[[Trunojoyo University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Trunojoyo''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNIJOYO<br /> | 1964, 15 August<br /> | [[Bangkalan Regency|Bangkalan]], [[East Java]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{Coord|7|7|39.9|S|112|43|23.1|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.trunojoyo.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 044<br /> | '''[[Khairun University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Khairun''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNKHAIR<br /> | 1964, 15 August<br /> | [[Ternate]], [[North Maluku]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{Coord|0|45|45.2|N|127|20|10.6|E}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unkhair.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 045<br /> | '''[[University of Papua]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Papua''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNIPA<br /> | 2000, 3 November<br /> | [[Manokwari]], [[West Papua (province)|West Papua]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unipa.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 046<br /> | '''[[Malikussaleh University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Malikussaleh''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNIMAL<br /> | 1969, 12 June<br /> | [[North Aceh Regency|North Aceh]], [[Aceh]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|5|14|2.56|N|96|59|14.22|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unimal.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 047<br /> | '''[[State University of Gorontalo]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Negeri Gorontalo''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNG<br /> | 1963, 1 September<br /> | [[Gorontalo (city)|Gorontalo]], [[Gorontalo]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|0|33|23.07|N|123|3|48.98|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.ung.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 048<br /> | '''[[Ganesha University of Education]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNDIKSHA<br /> | 2006, 11 Mei<br /> | [[Singaraja]], [[Bali]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| A<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.undiksha.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 049<br /> | '''[[University of Bangka Belitung]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Bangka Belitung''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UBB<br /> | 2006, 12 April<br /> | [[Pangkalpinang]], [[Bangka Belitung]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|2|4|11.8|S|106|4|38.7|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.ubb.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 050<br /> | '''[[Borneo Tarakan University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Borneo Tarakan''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UBT<br /> | 1999, 9 October<br /> | [[Tarakan]], [[North Kalimantan]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|3|18|11.3|N|117|38|55.8|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.ubt.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 051<br /> | '''[[Musamus Merauke University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Musamus Merauke''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNMUS<br /> | 2001, 26 January<br /> | [[Merauke]], [[South Papua]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|8|31|54.7|S|140|25|1.5|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}} <br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unmus.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 052<br /> | '''[[:id:Universitas Maritim Raja Ali Haji|Raja Ali Haji Maritime University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Maritim Raja Ali Haji''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UMRAH<br /> | 2007, 1 August<br /> | [[Tanjungpinang]], [[Riau Islands]]&lt;br /&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}} <br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.umrah.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 053<br /> | '''[[Samudra University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Samudra''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNSAM<br /> | 1985, 22 October<br /> | [[Langsa]], [[Aceh]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|4|27|27.4|N|97|58|17.3|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}} <br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unsam.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 054<br /> | '''[[Universitas Sulawesi Barat|University of West Sulawesi]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Sulawesi Barat''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNSULBAR<br /> | 2004, 22 September<br /> | [[Majene]], [[West Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unsulbar.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 055<br /> | '''[[Sembilanbelas November University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Sembilanbelas November''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| USN<br /> | 1984, 16 April<br /> | [[Kolaka Regency|Kolaka]], [[Southeast Sulawesi]]&lt;br /&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.usn.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 056<br /> | '''[[Tidar University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Tidar''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNTIDAR<br /> | 1980<br /> | [[Magelang]], [[Central Java]]&lt;br /&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B <br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.untidar.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 057<br /> | '''[[Siliwangi University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Siliwangi''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNSIL<br /> | 1978<br /> | [[Tasikmalaya]], [[West Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B <br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unsil.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 058<br /> | '''[[Teuku Umar University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Teuku Umar''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UTU<br /> | 2006, 10 November<br /> | [[Meulaboh]], [[Aceh]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|4|8|44.2|N|96|11|50.4|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.utu.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 059<br /> | '''[[University of Pembangunan Nasional Veteran|University of National Development &quot;Veteran&quot; East Java]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Pembangunan Nasional &quot;Veteran&quot; Jawa Timur''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UPNVJT<br /> | 1959, 5 July<br /> | [[Surabaya]], [[East Java]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|7|20|0| S|112|47|24|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| A<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.upnjatim.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 060<br /> | '''[[Timor University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Timor''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNIMOR<br /> | 2000, 16 July<br /> | [[North Central Timor Regency|North Central Timor]], [[East Nusa Tenggara]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{Coord|9|30|45.7|S|124|30|41.8|E}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unimor.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 061<br /> | '''[[:id:Universitas Pembangunan Nasional &quot;Veteran&quot; Jakarta|University of National Development &quot;Veteran&quot; Jakarta]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Pembangunan Nasional &quot;Veteran&quot; Jakarta''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UPNVJ<br /> | 1967, 21 February <br /> | [[Jakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.upnvj.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 062<br /> | '''[[:id:Universitas Pembangunan Nasional &quot;Veteran&quot; Yogyakarta|University of National Development &quot;Veteran&quot; Yogyakarta]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Pembangunan Nasional &quot;Veteran&quot; Yogyakarta''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UPNYK<br /> | 1958, 15 December<br /> | [[Sleman]], [[Special Region of Yogyakarta]]&lt;br /&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B <br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.upnyk.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 063<br /> | '''[[University of Singaperbangsa Karawang]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Singaperbangsa Karawang''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNSIKA<br /> | 1982, 2 February<br /> | [[Karawang]], [[West Java]]&lt;br /&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B <br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unsika.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Public institutes===<br /> <br /> There are 13 Public Institutes in Indonesia: 5 Institutes of Technology, 1 Institute of Agriculture, 4 Institute of Arts (ISI), and 3 Institute of Arts and Culture (ISBI).<br /> <br /> Two more Institute of Arts and Culture is planned in East Kalimantan and South Sulawesi. However, ISBI Kaltim and ISBI Sulsel in form of ISI Yogyakarta and ISI Surakarta's PSDKU has no definite timeline in being separated.<br /> <br /> {{Sticky header}}{{Sort under}}<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable sticky-header-multi sort-under&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;width:5%&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Code&lt;br&gt;{{small|002-}}<br /> ! style=&quot;width:30%&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| Name<br /> ! style=&quot;width:10%&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| Abbrev.<br /> ! style=&quot;width:10%&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Year Founded<br /> ! style=&quot;width:30%&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot;| Location<br /> ! style=&quot;width:10%&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Accred.<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; style=&quot;width:5%&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ref<br /> |-<br /> ! Province<br /> ! City<br /> |-<br /> | 001<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''[[Bandung Institute of Technology]]'''&lt;br&gt;{{resize|90%|({{lang|id|Institut Teknologi Bandung|italic=no}})}}<br /> | ITB<br /> | 1920<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flag|West Java}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Bandung]]&lt;br&gt;{{small|{{coord|6|53|27.25|S|107|36|37.36|E|name=Bandung Institute of Technology|}}}}<br /> | {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | [http://www.itb.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 002<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''[[Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology]]'''&lt;br&gt;{{resize|90%|({{lang|id|Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember|italic=no}})}}<br /> | ITS<br /> | 1957<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flag|East Java}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Surabaya]]&lt;br&gt;{{small|{{coord|7|16|54|S|112|47|41|E|name=Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology|}}}}<br /> | {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | [http://www.its.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 003<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''[[IPB University]]'''&lt;br&gt;{{resize|90%|({{lang|id|Institut Pertanian Bogor|italic=no}})}}<br /> | IPB<br /> | 1963<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flag|West Java}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Bogor Regency|Bogor]]<br /> | {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | [http://www.ipb.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 005<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''[[Indonesian Institute of the Arts, Yogyakarta]]'''&lt;br&gt;{{resize|90%|({{lang|id|Institut Seni Indonesia Yogyakarta|italic=no}})}}<br /> | ISI Yogyakarta<br /> | 1984<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flag|Special Region of Yogyakarta}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Bantul Regency|Bantul]]&lt;br&gt;{{small|{{coord|7|51|08.6|S|110|21|21.21|E|name=Indonesian Institute of the Arts, Yogyakarta}}}}<br /> | A<br /> | [http://www.isi.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 007<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''[[Indonesian Institute of the Arts, Denpasar]]'''&lt;br&gt;{{resize|90%|({{lang|id|Institut Seni Indonesia Denpasar|italic=no}})}}<br /> | ISI Denpasar<br /> | 1967<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flag|Bali}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Denpasar]]&lt;br&gt;{{small|{{coord|8|39|12.93|S|115|13|57.5|E|name=Indonesian Institute of the Arts, Denpasar|}}}}<br /> | A<br /> | [https://www.isi-dps.ac.id]<br /> |-<br /> | 008<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''[[Indonesian Institute of the Arts, Surakarta]]'''&lt;br&gt;{{resize|90%|({{lang|id|Institut Seni Indonesia Surakarta|italic=no}})}}<br /> | ISI Surakarta<br /> | 1964<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flag|Central Java}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Surakarta]]<br /> | {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | [http://www.isi-ska.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 009<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''Indonesian Institute of the Arts, Padang Panjang'''&lt;br&gt;{{resize|90%|({{lang|id|Institut Seni Indonesia Padang Panjang|italic=no}})}}<br /> | ISI Padang Panjang <br /> | 1965<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flag|West Sumatra}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Padang Panjang]]<br /> | B<br /> | [http://www.isi-padangpanjang.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 010<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''[[Bandung Institute of Indonesian Arts and Culture]]'''&lt;br&gt;{{resize|90%|({{lang|id|Institut Seni Budaya Indonesia Bandung|italic=no}})}}<br /> | ISBI Bandung<br /> | 1968<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flag|West Java}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Bandung]]<br /> | {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | [https://www.isbi.ac.id]<br /> |-<br /> | 011<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''Aceh Institute of Indonesian Arts and Culture'''&lt;br&gt;{{resize|90%|({{lang|id|Institut Seni Budaya Indonesia Aceh|italic=no}})}}<br /> | ISBI Aceh<br /> | 2014<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flag|Aceh}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Aceh Besar Regency|Great Aceh]]<br /> | {{small|Good}}<br /> | [http://isbiaceh.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 012<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''Tanah Papua Institute of Indonesian Arts and Culture'''&lt;br&gt;{{resize|90%|({{lang|id|Institut Seni Budaya Indonesia Tanah Papua|italic=no}})}}<br /> | ISBI Tanah Papua<br /> | 2014<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flag|Papua}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Jayapura]]<br /> | <br /> | [http://isbi-tanahpapua.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 013<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''[[Kalimantan Institute of Technology]]'''&lt;br&gt;{{resize|90%|({{lang|id|Institut Teknologi Kalimantan|italic=no}})}}<br /> | ITK<br /> | 2014<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flag|East Kalimantan}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Balikpapan]]&lt;br&gt;{{small|{{coord|1|09|01.5|S|116|51|39.2|E|name=Kalimantan Institute of Technology|}}}}<br /> | B<br /> | [http://www.itk.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 014<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''[[Sumatera Institute of Technology]]'''&lt;br&gt;{{resize|90%|({{lang|id|Institut Teknologi Sumatera|italic=no}})}}<br /> | ITERA<br /> | 2014<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flag|Lampung}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[South Lampung Regency|South Lampung]]<br /> | {{small|Good}}<br /> | [http://www.itera.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 015<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''Habibie Institute of Technology'''&lt;br&gt;{{resize|90%|({{lang|id|Institut Teknologi Bacharuddin Jusuf Habibie|italic=no}})}}<br /> | ITH<br /> | 2014<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flag|South Sulawesi}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Parepare]]<br /> | <br /> | [http://www.ith.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Public polytechnics===<br /> Currently, there are 44 Public Polytechnics in Indonesia. They consist of 1 Electronic Engineering Polytechnic, 2 Manufacturing Polytechnics, 1 Maritime Polytechnic, 1 Fishery Polytechnic, 1 Shipbuilding Polytechnic, 4 Agricultural Polytechnics, and 34 &quot;general&quot; Polytechnics.<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! PT Code&lt;br /&gt;{{small|005-}}<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Abbrev.<br /> ! Founding Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Accred.<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 001<br /> | '''Bandung Polytechnic for Manufacturing'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Manufaktur Bandung''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLMAN<br /> | 1977, 24 March<br /> | [[Bandung]], [[West Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.polman-bandung.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 002<br /> | '''[[Jakarta State Polytechnic]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Jakarta''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| PNJ<br /> | 1982, 22 September<br /> | [[Depok]], [[West Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.pnj.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 003<br /> | '''Medan State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Medan''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLMED<br /> | 1982, 20 September<br /> | [[Medan]], [[North Sumatra]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.polmed.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 004<br /> | '''Bandung State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Bandung''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLBAN<br /> | 1979, 27 January<br /> | [[Bandung]], [[West Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.polban.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 005<br /> | '''Semarang State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Semarang''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLINES<br /> | 1982, 6 August<br /> | [[Semarang]], [[Central Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| A<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.polines.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 006<br /> | '''[[Sriwijaya State Polytechnics|Sriwijaya State Polytechnic]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLSRI<br /> | 1982, 20 September<br /> | [[Palembang]], [[South Sumatra]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.polsri.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 007<br /> | '''Lampung State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Lampung''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLINELA<br /> | 1984, 7 April<br /> | [[Bandar Lampung]], [[Lampung]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.polinela.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 008<br /> | '''Ambon State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Ambon''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLNAM<br /> | 1987, 5 October<br /> | [[Ambon, Maluku|Ambon]], [[Maluku (province)]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.polnam.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 009<br /> | '''[[Padang State Polytechnic]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Padang''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| PNP<br /> | 1985, 12 March<br /> | [[Padang, Indonesia|Padang]], [[West Sumatra]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.pnp.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 010<br /> | '''Bali State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Bali''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| PNB<br /> | 1985, 3 December<br /> | [[Kuta]], [[Bali]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.pnb.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 011<br /> | '''Pontianak State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Pontianak''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLNEP<br /> | 1985, 3 December<br /> | [[Pontianak, Indonesia|Pontianak]], [[West Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.polnep.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 012<br /> | '''Ujung Pandang State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Ujung Pandang''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| PNUP<br /> | 1987, 10 May<br /> | [[Makassar]], [[South Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.poliupg.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 013<br /> | '''Manado State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Manado''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLIMDO<br /> | 1987, 9 November<br /> | [[Manado]], [[North Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.polimdo.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 014<br /> | '''[[Surabaya Shipbuilding State Polytechnic]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Perkapalan Negeri Surabaya''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| PPNS<br /> | 1987, 17 September&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://jdih.kemdikbud.go.id/arsip/permendikbud_tahun2014_nomor042.pdf |title= PERATURAN MENTERI PENDIDIKAN DAN KEBUDAYAAN REPUBLIK INDONESIA |date=2014 |website=jdih.kemdikbud.go.id |access-date=2021-04-05}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | [[Surabaya]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| A<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.ppns.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 015<br /> | '''Banjarmasin State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Banjarmasin''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLIBAN<br /> | 1987, 13 July<br /> | [[Banjarmasin]], [[South Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;width:1%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://www.poliban.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 016<br /> | '''Lhokseumawe State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Lhokseumawe''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| PNL<br /> | 1987, 5 October<br /> | [[Lhokseumawe]], [[Aceh]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.pnl.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 017<br /> | '''Kupang State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Kupang''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| PNK<br /> | 1985, 11 March<br /> | [[Kupang]], [[East Nusa Tenggara]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.pnk.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 018<br /> | '''[[Electronic Engineering Polytechnic Institute of Surabaya]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Elektronika Negeri Surabaya''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| PENS<br /> | 1986, 29 May<br /> | [[Surabaya]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| A<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.pens.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 019<br /> | '''Jember State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Jember''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLIJE<br /> | 1988, 29 October<br /> | [[Jember]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.polije.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 020<br /> | '''Pangkajene Kepulauan State Polytechnic for Agriculture'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Pertanian Negeri Pangkajene Kepulauan''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLIPANGKEP<br /> | 1990, 9 September<br /> | [[Pangkajene and Islands Regency|Pangkep]], [[South Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.politanipangkep.com/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 021<br /> | '''Kupang State Agricultural Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Pertanian Negeri Kupang''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLITANIKOE<br /> | 1984, 7 April<br /> | [[Kupang]], [[East Nusa Tenggara]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[https://politanikoe.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 022<br /> | '''Tual State Polytechnic for Fisheries'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Perikanan Negeri Tual''}} <br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLIKANT<br /> | 1997, 18 July<br /> | [[Tual]], [[Maluku (province)|Maluku]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.polikant.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 023<br /> | '''Malang State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Malang''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLINEMA<br /> | 1979, 27 January<br /> | [[Malang]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.polinema.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 024<br /> | '''Samarinda State Agricultural Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Pertanian Negeri Samarinda''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLITANI Samarinda<br /> | 1997, 28 April<br /> | [[Samarinda]], [[East Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.politanisamarinda.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 025<br /> | '''Payakumbuh State Agricultural Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Pertanian Negeri Payakumbuh''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| PPNP<br /> | 1989, 6 February<br /> | [[Payakumbuh]], [[West Sumatra]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [https://politanipyk.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 026<br /> | '''Samarinda State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Samarinda''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLNES<br /> | 1985, 3 December<br /> | [[Samarinda]], [[East Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.polnes.ac.id/]<br /> |- <br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 027<br /> | '''Creative Media State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Media Kreatif''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLIMEDIA<br /> | 2008, 8 October <br /> | [[Jakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.polimedia.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 028<br /> | '''Bangka Belitung State Polytechnic for Manufacturing'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Manufaktur Negeri Bangka Belitung''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLMANBABEL<br /> | 2010, 18 October<br /> | [[Sungailiat]], [[Bangka Belitung Islands]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [https://www.polman-babel.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 029<br /> | '''Batam State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Batam''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLIBATAM<br /> | 2010, 18 October<br /> | [[Batam]], [[Riau Islands]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[https://www.polibatam.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 030<br /> | '''Nusa Utara State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Nusa Utara''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLNUSTAR<br /> | 2011, 22 June<br /> | [[Tahuna, Indonesia|Tahuna]], [[North Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [https://www.polnustar.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 031<br /> | '''Bengkalis State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Bengkalis''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLBENG<br /> | 2011, 29 July<br /> | [[Bengkalis Regency|Bengkalis]], [[Riau]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.polbeng.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 032<br /> | '''Balikpapan State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Balikpapan''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLTEKBA<br /> | 2011, 9 September<br /> | [[Balikpapan]], [[East Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://poltekba.ac.id/website/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 033<br /> | '''Madura State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Madura''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLTERA<br /> | 2012<br /> | [[Sampang Regency|Sampang]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.poltera.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 034<br /> | '''Indonesia Maritime State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Maritim Negeri Indonesia''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLIMARIN<br /> | 2012, 19 September<br /> | [[Semarang]], [[Central Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [https://polimarin.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 035<br /> | '''Banyuwangi State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Banyuwangi''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLIWANGI<br /> | 2008<br /> | [[Banyuwangi Regency|Banyuwangi]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [https://www.poliwangi.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 036<br /> | '''Madiun State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Madiun''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| PNM<br /> | 2012, 30 October<br /> | [[Madiun]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.pnm.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 037<br /> | '''Fakfak State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Fakfak''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLINEF<br /> | 2012<br /> | [[Fakfak]], [[West Papua (province)|West Papua]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [https://polinef.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 038<br /> | '''Sambas State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Sambas''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLTESA<br /> | 2007<br /> | [[Sambas Regency|Sambas]], [[West Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [https://poltesa.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 039<br /> | '''Tanah Laut State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Tanah Laut''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLITALA<br /> | 2009, 25 September<br /> | [[Tanah Laut Regency|Tanah Laut]], [[South Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.politala.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 040<br /> | '''Subang State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Subang''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLSUB<br /> | 2014, 1 April<br /> | [[Subang Regency|Subang]], [[West Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [https://www.polsub.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 041<br /> | '''Ketapang State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Ketapang''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLITAP<br /> | 2006<br /> | [[Ketapang]], [[West Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [https://politap.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 042<br /> | '''Cilacap State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Cilacap''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| PNC<br /> | 2014, 3 October<br /> | [[Cilacap Regency|Cilacap]], [[Central Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[https://pnc.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 043<br /> | '''Indramayu State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Indramayu''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLINDRA<br /> | 2008, 8 July&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://docplayer.info/50205964-Peraturan-menteri-riset-teknologi-dan-pendidikan-tinggi-republik-indonesia-nomor-70-tahun-2016-tentang-statuta-politeknik-negeri-indramayu.html|title=PERATURAN MENTERI RISET, TEKNOLOGI, DAN PENDIDIKAN TINGGI REPUBLIK INDONESIA NOMOR 70 TAHUN 2016 TENTANG STATUTA POLITEKNIK NEGERI INDRAMAYU - PDF Free Download|website=docplayer.info}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | [[Indramayu Regency|Indramayu]], [[West Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;width:1%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://www.polindra.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 044<br /> | '''Nunukan State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Nunukan''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| PNN<br /> | 2014, 8 October<br /> | [[Nunukan Regency|Nunukan]], [[North Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> <br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[https://www.pnn.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Public community colleges===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! PT Code&lt;br /&gt;{{small|006-}}<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Abbrev.<br /> ! Founding Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Accred.<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 001<br /> | '''State Community College of Pacitan'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Akademi Komunitas Negeri Pacitan''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| AKN Pacitan<br /> | 2013, 11 October<br /> | [[Pacitan Regency|Pacitan]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://aknpacitan.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 002<br /> | '''State Community College of Putra Sang Fajar Blitar'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Akademi Komunitas Negeri Putra Sang Fajar Blitar''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| AKB<br /> | 2014, 17 October<br /> | [[Blitar]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.akb.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 003<br /> | '''State Community College of West Aceh'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Akademi Komunitas Negeri Aceh Barat''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| AKN Aceh Barat<br /> | 2014, 17 October<br /> | [[West Aceh Regency|West Aceh]], [[Aceh]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.aknacehbarat.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 004<br /> | '''State Community College of Rejang Lebong'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Akademi Komunitas Negeri Rejang Lebong''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| AKREL<br /> | 2018, 4 April<br /> | [[Rejang Lebong Regency|Rejang Lebong]], [[Bengkulu]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.akrel.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 005<br /> | '''State Community College of Arts and Culture Yogyakarta'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Akademi Komunitas Negeri Seni dan Budaya Yogyakarta''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| AKNSB Yogyakarta<br /> | 2020<br /> | [[Bantul Regency|Bantul]], [[Special Region of Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.aknyogya.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Public Religious higher education institutions==<br /> Public religious higher education institutions (PTKN) are under the responsibility of the [[Ministry of Religious Affairs (Indonesia)|Ministry of Religious Affairs]]. Technically and academically, the development of state religious universities is carried out by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia (Kemdikbudristek), while functionally it is carried out by the Ministry of Religion, all covering the five recognized religions in Indonesia, but not including Confucianism. There are three types of higher education institutions in the Muslim category, Public Islamic Universities (UIN), Public Islamic Institutes (IAIN), and Public Islamic Colleges (STAIN). Public Christian Institutes (IAKN) and Public Protestant Christian Colleges (STAKPN) in the Protestant Christian category. Public Catholic Colleges (STAKATN) in the Catholic category. Public Hindu Universities (UHN), Public Hindu Institutes (IAHN), and Public Hindu Colleges (STAHN) in the Hindu category. Public Buddhist Colleges (STABN) in the Buddhist category.<br /> <br /> '''''Public Islamic higher education institutions'''''<br /> <br /> ===Public Islamic Universities===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! PT Code&lt;br /&gt;{{small|201-}}<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Abbrev.<br /> ! Founding Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Accred.<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 001<br /> | '''[[Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University Jakarta|State Islamic University of Syarif Hidayatullah]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UIN Jakarta<br /> | 1957, 1 June&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''Akademi Dinas Ilmu Agama'')}}<br /> | [[South Tangerang]], [[Tangerang]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uinjkt.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 002<br /> | '''[[Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University|State Islamic University of Sunan Kalijaga]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Kalijaga''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UIN Suka<br /> | 1951, 26 September&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Sunan Kalijaga'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2004, June 21&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Sleman Regency|Sleman]], [[Special Region of Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uin-suka.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 003<br /> | '''[[Maulana Malik Ibrahim State Islamic University Malang|State Islamic University of Maulana Malik Ibrahim]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UIN Malang<br /> | 1957, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2004, June 21&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Malang]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uin-malang.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 004<br /> | '''[[Sunan Gunung Djati State Islamic University Bandung|State Islamic University of Sunan Gunung Djati]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Gunung Djati''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UIN Bandung<br /> | 1968, 8 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Sunan Gunung Djati'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2005, 10 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Bandung]], [[West Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uinsgd.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 005<br /> | '''[[Sultan Syarif Kasim II State Islamic University|State Islamic University of Sultan Syarif Kasim]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Syarif Kasim''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UIN Suska<br /> | 1970, 19 September&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Sulthan Syarif Qasim'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2005, 4 January&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Pekanbaru]], [[Riau]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uin-suska.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 006<br /> | '''[[Alauddin Islamic State University|State Islamic University of Alauddin]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UIN Alauddin<br /> | 1965, 28 October<br /> | [[Makassar]], [[South Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uin-alauddin.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 007<br /> | '''[[Sunan Ampel State Islamic University Surabaya|State Islamic University of Sunan Ampel]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Ampel''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UINSA<br /> | 1965&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Sunan Ampel'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2013, 1 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Surabaya]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uinsby.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 008<br /> | '''[[State Islamic University of North Sumatra]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UINSU<br /> | 1973, 19 November&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Sumatera Utara'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2014, 17 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Medan]], [[North Sumatra]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uinsu.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 009<br /> | '''[[Raden Fatah State Islamic University|State Islamic University of Raden Fatah]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Fatah''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UIN Palembang<br /> | 1964, 13 November&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Raden Fatah'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2014, 17 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Palembang]], [[South Sumatra]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://radenfatah.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 010<br /> | '''[[Walisongo State Islamic University|State Islamic University of Walisongo]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UIN Walisongo<br /> | 1970, 6 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Walisongo'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2013, 1 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Semarang]], [[Central Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| A<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://walisongo.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 011<br /> | '''[[Ar-Raniry State Islamic University|State Islamic University of Ar-Raniry]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UINAR<br /> | 1960&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Ar-Raniry'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2013, 1 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(s current university)}}<br /> | [[Banda Aceh]], [[Aceh]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://ar-raniry.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 012<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Sultan Maulana Hasanuddin'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Maulana Hasanuddin''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UIN Banten<br /> | 2017, 7 April<br /> | [[Serang]], [[Banten]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uinbanten.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 013<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Imam Bonjol'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Imam Bonjol''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UINIB<br /> | 1966, 29 November&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Imam Bonjol'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2017, 7 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Padang]], [[West Sumatra]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uinib.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 014<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Raden Intan'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Intan''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UINRIL<br /> | 1968, 26 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Raden Intan'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2017, 3 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Bandar Lampung]], [[Lampung]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://radenintan.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 015<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Mataram'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Mataram''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UIN Mataram<br /> | 1966&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Mataram'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2017, 7 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Mataram (city)|Mataram]], [[West Nusa Tenggara]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uinmataram.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 016<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Sultan Thaha Saifuddin'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Thaha Saifuddin''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UINSTS<br /> | 1967, 8 September&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Sultan Thaha Saifuddin'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2017, 7 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Jambi (city)]], [[Jambi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uinjambi.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 017<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Antasari'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Antasari''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UIN Antasari<br /> | 1964, 20 November&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Antasari'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2017, 3 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Banjarmasin]], [[South Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uin-antasari.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 018<br /> | '''International Islamic University of Indonesia'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Internasional Indonesia''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UIII<br /> | 2016, 29 June<br /> | [[Depok]], [[West Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uii.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 019<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Sayyid Ali Rahmatullah'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Sayyid Ali Rahmatullah''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UIN Satu<br /> | 2021, 11 May<br /> | [[Tulungagung Regency|Tulungagung]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uinsatu.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 020<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Professor Kiai Haji Saifuddin Zuhri'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Profesor Kiai Haji Saifuddin Zuhri''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UIN Saizu<br /> | 1997, 21 Maret&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Purwokerto'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2014&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Purwokerto'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2021, 11 May&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Purwokerto]], [[Central Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uinsaizu.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 021<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Raden Mas Said'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Mas Said''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UIN Surakarta<br /> | 1992, 12 September&lt;br /&gt;1997&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Surakarta'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2011&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Surakarta'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2021, 11 May&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Surakarta]], [[Central Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uinsaid.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 022<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Sultan Aji Muhammad Idris'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Aji Muhammad Idris''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UINSI<br /> | 1997, 21 Maret&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Samarinda'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2014&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Samarinda'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2021, 11 May&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Samarinda]], [[East Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uinsi.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 023<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Kiai Haji Achmad Siddiq'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Kiai Haji Achmad Siddiq''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UINKHAS<br /> | 1997, 21 Maret&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Jember'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2014&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Jember'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2021, 11 May&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Jember Regency|Jember]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uinkhas.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 024<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Fatmawati Sukarno'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Fatmawati Sukarno''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UINFAS<br /> | 1997, 21 Maret&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Bengkulu'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2014&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Bengkulu'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2021, 11 May&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Bengkulu (city)]], [[Bengkulu]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uinfasbengkulu.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 025<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Datokarama'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Datokarama''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UIN Palu<br /> | 1997, 21 Maret&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Datokarama'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2021, 8 July&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Palu]], [[Central Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [https://uindatokarama.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 026<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Mahmud Yunus'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Mahmud Yunus''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UIN Batusangkar<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Batusangkar'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2015, 23 December&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Batusangkar'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2022, 8 Juny&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Tanah Datar Regency|Tanah Datar]], [[West Sumatra]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uinmybatusangkar.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 027<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Sjech M. Djamil Djambek'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Sjech M. Djamil Djambek''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UIN Bukittinggi<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Bukittinggi'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2014, 18 December&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Bukittinggi'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2022, 8 Juny&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Bukittinggi]], [[West Sumatra]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [https://uinbukittinggi.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 028<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Kiai Haji Abdurrahman Wahid'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Kiai Haji Abdurrahman Wahid''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UIN Pekalongan<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Pekalongan'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2016, 1 August&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Pekalongan'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2022, 8 Juny&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Pekalongan]], [[Central Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uingusdur.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 029<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Syekh Ali Hasan Ahmad Addary'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Syekh Ali Hasan Ahmad Addary''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UIN Syahda<br /> | 1997, 21 Maret&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Padangsidimpuan'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2013, 30 July&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Padangsidimpuan'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2022, 8 Juny&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Padang Sidempuan]], [[North Sumatra]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uinsyahada.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 030<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Salatiga'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Salatiga''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UIN Salatiga<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Salatiga'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2014, 17 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Salatiga'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2022, 8 Juny&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Salatiga]], [[Central Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uinsalatiga.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 031<br /> | '''State Cyber Islamic University of Syekh Nurjati'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Siber Syekh Nurjati''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UINSSC<br /> | 1997, 21 Maret&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Cirebon'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2009, 10 November&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Syekh Nurjati'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2024&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Cirebon]], [[West Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://syekhnurjati.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Public Islamic Institutes===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! PT Code&lt;br /&gt;{{small|202-}}<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Abbrev.<br /> ! Founding Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Accred.<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 009<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Ambon'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Ambon''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| IAIN Ambon<br /> | 1997, 21 Maret&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Ambon'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2006, 9 December&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Ambon, Maluku|Ambon]], [[Maluku (province)|Maluku]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://iainambon.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 010<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Sultan Amai'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Sultan Amai''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| IAIN Gorontalo<br /> | 1997, 21 Maret&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Sultan Amai'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2004, 18 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Gorontalo (city)|Gorontalo]], [[Gorontalo]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://iaingorontalo.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 020<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Manado'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Manado''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| IAIN Manado<br /> | 1997, 30 June&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Manado'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2014, 17 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Manado]], [[North Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://iain-manado.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 021<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Palopo'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Palopo''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| IAIN Palopo<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Palopo'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2014, 17 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Palopo]], [[South Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://iainpalopo.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 022<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Sultan Qaimuddin'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Sultan Qaimuddin''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| IAIN Kendari<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Kendari'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2014, 17 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Kendari]], [[Southeast Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://iainkendari.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 024<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Ternate'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Ternate''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| IAIN Ternate<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Ternate'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2013, 30 July&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Ternate]], [[North Maluku]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://iain-ternate.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 025<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Zawiyah Cot Kala'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Zawiyah Cot Kala''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| IAIN Langsa<br /> | 1980, 14 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Langsa'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2014, 17 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Langsa]], [[Aceh]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://iainlangsa.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 026<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Palangka Raya'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Palangka Raya''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| IAIN Palangka Raya<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Pangka Raya'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2014, 17 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Palangka Raya]], [[Central Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://iain-palangkaraya.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 030<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Pontianak'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Pontianak''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| IAIN Pontianak<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Pontianak'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2013, 6 August&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Pontianak]], [[West Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://iainptk.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 033<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Metro'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Metro''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| IAIN Metro<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Jurai Siwo'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2016, 1 August&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Metro (city)|Metro]], [[Lampung]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://metrouniv.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 035<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Ponorogo'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Ponorogo''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| IAIN Ponorogo<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Ponorogo'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2016, 1 August&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Ponorogo]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://iainponorogo.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 036<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Kerinci'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Kerinci''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| IAIN Kerinci<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Kerinci'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2016, 1 August&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Kerinci Regency|Kerinci]], [[Jambi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://iainkerinci.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 037<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Lhokseumawe'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Lhokseumawe''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| IAIN Lhokseumawe<br /> | 2016, 1 August<br /> | [[Lhokseumawe]], [[Aceh]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://iainlhokseumawe.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 038<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Parepare'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Parepare''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| IAIN Parepare<br /> | 2008, 20 June&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Parepare'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2018, 5 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Parepare]], [[South Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://iainpare.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 039<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Curup'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Curup''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| IAIN Curup<br /> | 1997, 19 September&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Curup'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2018, 5 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Rejang Lebong Regency|Rejang Lebong]], [[Bengkulu]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://iainpare.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 040<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Fattahul Muluk'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Fattahul Muluk''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| IAIN Jayapura<br /> | 2006, 20 July&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Al-Fatah'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2018, 5 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Jayapura]], [[Papua (province)|Papua]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://iainfmpapua.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 041<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Kudus'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Kudus''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| IAIN Kudus<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Kudus'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2018, 5 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Kudus, Indonesia|Kudus]], [[Central Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://iainkudus.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 042<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Madura'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Madura''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| IAIN Madura<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Pamekasan'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2018, 5 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Pamekasan Regency|Pamekasan]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://iainmadura.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 043<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Syaikh Abdurrahman Siddik'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Syaikh Abdurrahman Siddik''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| IAIN Babel<br /> | 2004, 18 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Syaikh Abdurrahman Siddik'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2018, 5 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Bangka Regency|Bangka]], [[Bangka Belitung Islands]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://iainsasbabel.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 044<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Bone'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Bone''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| IAIN Bone<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Watampone'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2018, 5 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Bone Regency|Bone]], [[South Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://iain-bone.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 045<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Kediri'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Kediri''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| IAIN Kediri<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Kediri'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2018, 5 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Kediri (city)|Kediri]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://iainkediri.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 046<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Sorong'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Sorong''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| IAIN Sorong<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Sorong'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2020, 20 February&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Sorong]], [[West Papua (province)|West Papua]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://iainsorong.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 047<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Takengon'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Takengon''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| IAIN Takengon<br /> | 2012, 25 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Gajah Putih'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2020, 28 February&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Central Aceh Regency|Central Aceh]], [[Aceh]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://iain-takengon.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Public Islamic Colleges===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! PT Code&lt;br /&gt;{{small|203-}}<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Abbrev.<br /> ! Founding Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Accred.<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 034<br /> | '''State Islamic College of Teungku Dirundeng Meulaboh'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Negeri Teungku Dirundeng Meulaboh''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| STAIN Meulaboh<br /> | 2014, 19 September<br /> | [[West Aceh Regency|West Aceh]], [[Aceh]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://staindirundeng.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 035<br /> | '''State Islamic College of Bengkalis'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Negeri Bengkalis''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| STAIN Bengkalis<br /> | 2014, 19 September<br /> | [[Bengkalis Regency|Bengkalis]], [[Riau]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://kampusmelayu.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 036<br /> | '''State Islamic College of Majene'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Negeri Majene''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| STAIN Majene<br /> | 2016, 31 August<br /> | [[Majene Regency|Majene]], [[West Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://stainmajene.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 037<br /> | '''State Islamic College of Mandailing Natal'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Negeri Mandailing Natal''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| STAIN Madina<br /> | 2019, 25 January<br /> | [[Mandailing Natal Regency|Mandailing Natal]], [[North Sumatra]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://stain-madina.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 038<br /> | '''State Islamic College of Sultan Abdurrahman'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Negeri Sultan Abdurrahman Kepulauan Riau''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| STAIN Kepri<br /> | 2017, 13 March<br /> | [[Bintan Regency|Bintan]], [[Riau Islands]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://stainkepri.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> '''''Public Christian higher education institutions'''''<br /> <br /> === Public Christian Institutes ===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! PT Code&lt;br/&gt;{{small|222-}}<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Abbrev.<br /> ! data-sort-type=&quot;date&quot; | Founding Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Acred.&lt;ref name=&quot;banpt&quot; /&gt;<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |Link<br /> |-<br /> | 001<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''State Christian Institute of Tarutung'''<br /> {{small|''Institut Agama Kristen Negeri Tarutung''}}<br /> | IAKN Tarutung<br /> | 1 March 2018<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[North Sulawesi]]<br /> | Good<br /> | [http://iakntarutung.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 002<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''State Christian Institute of Manado'''<br /> {{small|''Institut Agama Kristen Negeri Manado''}}<br /> | IAKN Manado<br /> | 1 March 2018<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[North Sulawesi]]<br /> | Good<br /> | [https://iaknmanado.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 003<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''State Christian Institute of Ambon'''<br /> {{small|''Institut Agama Kristen Negeri Ambon''}}<br /> | IAKN Ambon<br /> | 1 March 2018<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Maluku (province)|Maluku]]<br /> | B<br /> | [https://iaknmanado.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 004<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''State Christian Institute of Toraja'''<br /> {{small|''Institut Agama Kristen Negeri Toraja''}}<br /> | IAKN Toraja<br /> | 23 January 2020<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[South Sulawesi]]<br /> | Good<br /> | [http://iakntoraja.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 005<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''State Christian Institute of Kupang'''<br /> {{small|''Institut Agama Kristen Negeri Kupang''}}<br /> | IAKN Kupang<br /> | 23 January 2020<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[East Nusa Tenggara]]<br /> | Good<br /> | [http://www.iaknkupang.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 006<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''State Christian Institute of Palangka Raya'''<br /> {{small|''Institut Agama Kristen Negeri Palangka Raya''}}<br /> | IAKN Palangka Raya<br /> | 23 January 2020<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Central Kalimantan]]<br /> | <br /> | [http://www.iaknkupang.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === Public Protestant Christian Colleges===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! PT Code&lt;br/&gt;{{small|223-}}<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Abbrev.<br /> ! data-sort-type=date| Founding Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Acred.&lt;ref name=&quot;banpt&quot;/&gt;<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | 006<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|'''State Protestant Christian College of Sentani'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Sekolah Tinggi Agama Kristen Protestan Negeri Sentani''}}<br /> | STAKPN Sentani<br /> | 10 April 2001<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Papua (province)|Papua]]<br /> | Good<br /> | [http://stakpnsentani.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Public Catholic Colleges===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! PT Code&lt;br/&gt;{{small|263-}}<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Abbrev.<br /> ! data-sort-type=date| Founding Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Acred.&lt;ref name=&quot;banpt&quot;/&gt;<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | 001<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|'''State Catholic College of Pontianak'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Sekolah Tinggi Agama Katolik Negeri Pontianak''}}<br /> | STAKATN Pontianak<br /> | 6 April 2017<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[West Kalimantan]]<br /> | Good<br /> | [http://www.stakatnptk.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> '''''Public Hindu higher education institutions'''''<br /> <br /> ===Public Hindu Universities===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! PT Code&lt;br/&gt;{{small|241-}}<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Abbrev.<br /> ! data-sort-type=date| Founding Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Acred.&lt;ref name=&quot;banpt&quot;/&gt;<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | 001<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|'''State Hindu University of I Gusti Bagus Sugriwa'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Hindu Negeri I Gusti Bagus Sugriwa''}}<br /> | UHN Sugriwara<br /> | 23 January 2020<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Bali]]<br /> | Very Good<br /> | [http://www.stakatnptk.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Public Hindu Institutes===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! PT Code&lt;br/&gt;{{small|242-}}<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Abbrev.<br /> ! data-sort-type=date| Founding Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Acred.&lt;ref name=&quot;banpt&quot;/&gt;<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | 002<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|'''State Hindu Institute of Tampung Penyang'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Hindu Negeri Tampung Penyang''}}<br /> | IAHN TP<br /> | 6 September 1986<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Central Kalimantan]]<br /> | Good<br /> | [https://iahntp.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 003<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|'''State Hindu Institute of Gde Pudja'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Hindu Negeri Gde Pudja''}}<br /> | IAHN Gde Pudja<br /> | 11 July 2001<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[West Nusa Tenggara]]<br /> | Good<br /> | [https://iahn-gdepudja.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Public Hindu Colleges===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! PT Code&lt;br/&gt;{{small|243-}}<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Abbrev.<br /> ! data-sort-type=date| Founding Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Acred.&lt;ref name=&quot;banpt&quot;/&gt;<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | 008<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|'''State Hindu College of Mpu Kuturan'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Sekolah Tinggi Agama Hindu Negeri Mpu Kuturan''}}<br /> | STAHN Mpu Kuturan<br /> | 21 March 2016<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Bali]]<br /> | Very Good<br /> | [http://www.stakatnptk.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> '''''Public Buddhist higher education institutions'''''<br /> <br /> ===Public Buddhist Colleges===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! PT Code&lt;br/&gt;{{small|242-}}<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Abbrev.<br /> ! data-sort-type=date| Founding Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Acred.&lt;ref name=&quot;banpt&quot;/&gt;<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | 001<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|'''State Buddhist College of Sriwijaya'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Sekolah Tinggi Agama Buddha Negeri Sriwijaya''}}<br /> | STABN Sriwijaya<br /> | 20 May 2002<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Banten]]<br /> | B<br /> | [https://iahntp.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 002<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|'''State Buddhist College of Raden Wijaya'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Sekolah Tinggi Agama Buddha Negeri Raden Wijaya''}}<br /> | STABN Raden Wijaya<br /> | 25 January 2007<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Central Java]]<br /> | B<br /> | [https://iahn-gdepudja.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Service higher education institutions ==<br /> Service higher education institutions are higher education institution that are under the auspices of government institutions (ministries) as education providers with a civil service bond or cadreship system.<br /> <br /> === Ministry of Home Affairs ===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! PT Code&lt;br /&gt;{{small|342-}}<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Abbrev.<br /> ! data-sort-type=&quot;date&quot; | Founding Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Acred.&lt;ref name=&quot;banpt&quot; /&gt;<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |Link<br /> |-<br /> | 001<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|'''Institute of Home Affairs'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;Institut Pemerintahan Dalam Negeri&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | IPDN<br /> | 1956<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | [[West Java]]<br /> | Very Good<br /> | [https://ipdn.ac.id]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources ===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! PT Code&lt;/br&gt;{{small|355-}}<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Abbrev.<br /> ! data-sort-type=&quot;date&quot; | Founding Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Acred.&lt;ref name=&quot;banpt&quot; /&gt;<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |Link<br /> |-<br /> | 001<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |'''Akamigas Energy and Mineral Polytechnic'''&lt;/br&gt;&lt;small&gt;Politeknik Energi dan Mineral Akamigas&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | PEM AKAMIGAS<br /> | 1967<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | [[Central Java]]<br /> | B<br /> | [https://www.akamigas.ac.id]<br /> |-<br /> | 002<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |'''Bandung Energy and Mining Polytechnic'''&lt;/br&gt;&lt;small&gt;Politeknik Energi dan Pertambangan Bandung&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | PEP BANDUNG<br /> | 2019<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | [[West Java]]<br /> | Good<br /> | [https://pepbandung.ac.id]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Private universities==<br /> These notable private universities are owned, funded and managed by private organizations, including those affiliated with Islamic ([[Muhammadiyah]]), Catholic or Christian socio-religious organizations.<br /> <br /> ===Jakarta===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Name in English !!style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Name in Indonesian !!style=&quot;width:5%;&quot;|Acronym !!style=&quot;width:5%;&quot;|Foundation !! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; style=&quot;width:5%;&quot; |Reference !!style=&quot;width:15%;&quot;|Website<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Al-Azhar University of Indonesia]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Al-Azhar Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UAI<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1960<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.uai.ac.id/|title= Official website |website=uai.ac.id|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230105043930/http://www.uai.ac.id/ |access-date=2023-01-05|archive-date= 2023-01-05 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.uai.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Asian Banking Finance and Informatic Institute Perbanas<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|STIE Perbanas <br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|ABFI-PERBANAS<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1969<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.perbanasinstitute.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Katolik Atma Jaya<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|STMIK Jakarta STI&amp;K<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1960<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;|{{url|http://www.atmajaya.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Bakrie University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Bakrie<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| UB<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|2006<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bakrie.ac.id/en/|title=Experience The Real Things &amp;#124; Universitas Bakrie|website=Bakrie.ac.id}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.bakrie.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Binus University|Bina Nusantara University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Bina Nusantara<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|Binus University<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1985<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.binus.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Bina Sarana Informatika|Bina Sarana Informatika University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Bina Sarana Informatika<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UBSI<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1988<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.bsi.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Borobudur University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Borobudur<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1982<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.universitasborobudur.ac.id/|title= Official website |website=Universitasborobudur.ac.id|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110609043930/http://www.universitasborobudur.ac.id/ |access-date=2021-04-05|archive-date= 2011-06-09 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.universitasborobudur.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Budi Luhur University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Budi Luhur<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UBL<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1979<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://pendaftaran.budiluhur.ac.id/|title=Beranda &amp;#124; PMB ONLINE Universitas Budi Luhur - Kampus Cerdas Berbudi Luhur|website=pendaftaran.budiluhur.ac.id}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.budiluhur.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Universitas Kristen Indonesia|Christian University of Indonesia]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Kristen Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UKI<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1953<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.uki.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Darma Persada University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Darma Persada<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNSADA<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1986<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.unsada.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;| Dian Nusantara University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Dian Nusantara<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNDIRA<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=id&amp;u=https://undira.ac.id/&amp;prev=search&amp;pto=aue|title=Google Translate|website=translate.google.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;|{{URL|https://undira.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Esa Unggul University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Esa Unggul<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UEU<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1993<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.esaunggul.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Indonesia Institute for Life Science<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Institut Bio Scientia Internasional Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|i3L<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|2013<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://i3l.ac.id/info/|title=i3L Undergraduate Program - Speak To Our Admission Team|website=I3l.ac.id|access-date=5 April 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;|{{URL|http://www.i3L.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[YARSI University|Indonesia Islamic Hospital Foundation University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Yayasan Rumah Sakit Islam Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|YARSI<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1967<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.yarsi.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Indraprasta PGRI University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Indraprasta PGRI<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNINDRA<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1982<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.unindra.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Informatics Management and Computer University of Jakarta<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Sekolah Tinggi Manajemen Informatika dan Komputer Jakarta<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|STMIK<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|2000<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.jak-stik.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Jakarta Institute of Arts<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Institut Kesenian Jakarta<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|IKJ<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1970<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.ikj.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Telkom University Jakarta<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Telkom Jakarta<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|Tel-U<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|2023<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-03-14 |title=Universitas Telkom Jakarta {{!}} &quot;Creating the Future&quot; |url=https://jakarta.telkomuniversity.ac.id/ |access-date=2024-03-15 |website=jakarta.telkomuniversity.ac.id |language=id-ID}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|https://jakarta.telkomuniversity.ac.id/}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Krida Wacana Christian University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Kristen Krida Wacana<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UKRIDA<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1967<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.ukrida.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Mercu Buana University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Mercubuana<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMB<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1985<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://pendaftaran.mercubuana.ac.id/|title=Pendaftaran Mercu Buana|first=Pendaftaran Mercu|last=Buana|website=pendaftaran.mercubuana.ac.id}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.mercubuana.ac.id}} <br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Muhammadiyah University of Jakarta<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMJ<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1955<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.umj.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Universitas Nasional|National University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Nasional<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNAS<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1949<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.unas.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Nusantara Institute of Business<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Institut Bisnis Nusantara<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|IBN<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1986<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.ibn.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Pancasila University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Pancasila<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UP<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1966<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.univpancasila.ac.id/index.php|title= Official website |website=Univpancasila.ac.id|access-date=2021-04-05}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.univpancasila.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Paramadina University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Paramadina<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UPM/PARMAD<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1998<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.paramadina.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Persada Indonesia - Indonesia Administration Foundation University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Persada Indonesia Yayasan Administrasi Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UPI YAI<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1985<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.yai.ac.id/upi/|title= Official website |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20111123121651/http://www.yai.ac.id/upi/ |access-date=2021-04-05|archive-date= 2011-11-23 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.yai.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|PPM School of Management<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Pendidikan dan Pembinaan Manajemen<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|PPM<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1967<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://ppm-manajemen.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Prof. Dr. HAMKA Muhammadiyah University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof. Dr. HAMKA<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UHAMKA<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1960<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.uhamka.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Prof. Moestopo University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Prof. Moestopo (Beragama)<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1961<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.moestopo.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;| Raffles Institute of Higher Education<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Raffles Institute of Higher Education<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|Raffles@Citywalk<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|2009<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Respati University of Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Respati Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|URINDO<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1978<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.urindo.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Sahid University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Sahid<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|USAHID<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1988<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://usahid.ac.id/|title= Official website |website=usahid.ac.id/|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150624021223/http://usahid.ac.id/ |access-date=2021-04-05|archive-date= 2015-06-24 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://usahid.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Tarumanagara University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Tarumanagara<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNTAR<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1962<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.tarumanagara.ac.id/|title= Official website |website=Tarumanagara.ac.id|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090427063641/http://www.tarumanagara.ac.id/ |access-date=2021-04-05|archive-date= 2009-04-27 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Trisakti University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Trisakti<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|USAKTI<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1965<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.trisakti.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[University of Bunda Mulia]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Bunda Mulia<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UBM<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1986<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.ubm.ac.id}}<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Banten===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[BINUS University Alam Sutera Main Campus]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Bina Nusantara Kampus Alam Sutera<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|BINUS<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2010<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Tangerang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.binus.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[International University Liaison Indonesia]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Lintas Internasional Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|IULI<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2014<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Tangerang]] <br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.iuli.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Multimedia Nusantara University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Media Nusantara<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNIMEDIA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2006<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|Gading [[Tangerang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.unimedia.ac.id/|title= Official website |website=Unimedia.ac.id|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110521140715/http://www.unimedia.ac.id/ |access-date=2021-04-05|archive-date= 2011-05-21 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Pamulang University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Pamulang<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNPAM<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2000<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[South Tangerang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://unpam.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Pelita Harapan University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Pelita Harapan<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UPH<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1993<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Karawaci, Tangerang|Karawaci]], [[Tangerang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.uph.edu/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Perguruan Tinggi Raharja]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Perguruan Tinggi Raharja Tangerang<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|RAHARJA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1994<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Tangerang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.raharja.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Prasetiya Mulya University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Prasetiya Mulya<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|PMBS, Prasmul, PMSBE<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1982<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[South Tangerang]] and [[Jakarta]] <br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.pmsbe.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Serang Raya University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Serang Raya<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNSERA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2001<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Serang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.unsera.ac.id]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Surya University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Surya<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|SU<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2013<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Tangerang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.surya.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Swiss German University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Swiss German University<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|SGU<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2000<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[South Tangerang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.sgu.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Syech Yusuf Islamic University of Tangerang<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Islam Syekh Yusuf Tangerang<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNIS<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1966<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Tangerang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.unistangerang.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Technology Institute of Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Institut Teknologi Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|ITI<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1984<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Tangerang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.iti.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===West Java===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Bandung Islamic University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Islam Bandung<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNISBA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1958<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Bandung]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.unisba.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Djuanda University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Djuanda<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNIDA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1987<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Bogor]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.unida.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Gunadarma University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Gunadarma<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|GUNDAR<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1981<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Depok]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.gunadarma.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; | [[Horizon University Indonesia]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; | Universitas Horizon Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; | HORIZONU<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; | 1991<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; | [[Karawang Regency|Karawang]]<br /> |[https://horizon.ac.id 22]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Ibn Khaldun University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Universitas Ibn Khaldun Bogor<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |UIKA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |1961<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bandung|Bogor]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.uika-bogor.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Indonesian Computer University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Universitas Komputer Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |UNIKOM<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |2001<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bandung]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.unikom.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Islamic 45 University of Bekasi<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Universitas Islam 45 Bekasi<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |UNISMA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |1982<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bekasi]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.unismabekasi.ac.id/]<br /> <br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Jayabaya University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Universitas Jayabaya<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |UJ<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |1958<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bogor]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.jayabaya.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |General Achmad Yani University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |UNJANI<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |1974<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Cimahi]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.unjani.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Langlangbuana University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Universitas Langlangbuana<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |UNLA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |1982<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bandung]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.unla.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |[[Maranatha Christian University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Universitas Kristen Maranatha<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |UKM<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |1965<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bandung]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.maranatha.edu/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |[[National Institute of Technology (Indonesia)|National Institute of Technology]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Institut Teknologi Nasional<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |ITENAS<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |1972<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bandung]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.itenas.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Nusantara Islamic University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Universitas Islam Nusantara<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |UNINUS<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |1959<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bandung]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.uninus.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Pakuan University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Universitas Pakuan<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |UNPAK<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |1980<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bogor]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.unpak.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |[[Universitas Katolik Parahyangan|Parahyangan Catholic University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Universitas Katolik Parahyangan<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |UNPAR<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |1955<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bandung]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.unpar.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Pasundan University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Universitas Pasundan<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |UNPAS<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |1960<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bandung]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.unpas.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |[[President University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Universitas Presiden<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |PresUniv<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |2001<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bekasi Regency|Bekasi]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.president.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Technology College of Garut<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi Garut<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |STTG<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |1991<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Garut]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.sttgarut.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |[[Telkom University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Telkom University<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |Tel-U<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |2013<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bandung]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.telkomuniversity.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |[https://uniku.ac.id Universitas Kuningan]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Universitas Kuningan<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |UNIKU<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |2003<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Kuningan]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.uniku.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Widyatama University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Universitas Widyatama<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |Widyatama<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |1973<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bandung]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.widyatama.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Kesatuan Institute of Business and Informatics<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Institut Bisnis dan Informatika Kesatuan<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |IBIK<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |1953<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bogor]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.ibik.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |PASIM National University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Universitas Nasional PASIM<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; | UNAS PASIM<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; | 1996<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bandung]]<br /> |[https://pasim.ac.id/sejarah]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Sony Sugema College of Information Technology<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi Informatika Sony Sugema<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |STTI<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |2001<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bandung]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[https://sttiss.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Yogyakarta Special Region===<br /> {{main|List of universities in Yogyakarta}}<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Ahmad Dahlan University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Ahmad Dahlan<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UAD<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1960<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.uad.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[AKPRIND Institute of Science and Technology]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Institut Sains dan Teknologi AKPRIND<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|IST AKPRIND<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1970<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.akprind.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Atma Jaya University, Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Atmajaya Yogyakarta<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UAJY<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1965<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.uajy.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[University of Amikom Yogyakarta|College of Information Management and Computer Science AMIKOM Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|STMIK AMIKOM Yogyakarta<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|AMIKOM<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1992<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.amikom.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Duta Wacana Christian University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Kristen Duta Wacana<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UKDW<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1945<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.ukdw.ac.id/2009/id/ |title=Universitas Kristen Duta Wacana |access-date=2011-05-27 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110602061852/http://www.ukdw.ac.id/2009/id/ |archive-date=2011-06-02 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Islamic University of Indonesia]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Islam Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UII<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1945<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.uii.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Mercu Buana University, Yogyakarta<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Mercubuana Yogyakarta<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMBY<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1985<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://mercubuana-yogya.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Muhammadiyah University of Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMY<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1980<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.umy.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Sanata Dharma University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Sanata Dharma<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|USD<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1955<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.usd.ac.id/en]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Aisyiyah University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Aisyiyah<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNISA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1991<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://stikes-aisyiyah-jogja.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; | General Achmad Yani University of Yogyakarta<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; | Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani Yogyakarta<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; | UNJAYA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; | 2018<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; | [[Sleman Regency|Sleman]]<br /> |<br /> [https://unjaya.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Central Java===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Academy of Information and Computer Management PGRI]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Akademi Manajemen Informatika dan Komputer PGRI<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|AMIK PGRI<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1993<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Kebumen Regency|Kebumen]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.amik-kebumen.ac.id]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[:id:Universitas STEKOM|University of Computer Science &amp; Technology]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Sains &amp; Teknologi Komputer<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|Univ STEKOM<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2020<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Semarang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://stekom.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Amikom University of Purwokerto<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Amikom Purwokerto<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|AMPU<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2005<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Purwokerto]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://www.amikompurwokerto.ac.id Link]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[ATMI Polytechnic]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Politeknik ATMI<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|ATMI<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1968<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Surakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.atmi.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Dharma Patria Polytechnic]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Politeknik Dharma Patria<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|POLDA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2002<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Kebumen Regency|Kebumen]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.politeknik-kebumen.ac.id]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Dian Nuswantoro University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Dian Nuswantoro<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UDINUS<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2001<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Semarang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.dinus.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Muhammadiyah Institute of Technology]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi Muhammadiyah<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|STTM<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2001<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Kebumen Regency|Kebumen]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.sttm.ac.id]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Muhammadiyah University of Magelang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMMGL<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1964<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Magelang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Official website|url=https://www.amikompurwokerto.ac.id|access-date=2021-06-28|website=amikompurwokerto.ac.id}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Muhammadiyah University of Purwokerto<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwoketo<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMP<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1964<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Purwokerto]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.ump.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Muhammadiyah University of Purworejo<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Purworejo<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMP<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1964<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Purworejo]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.um-pwr.ac.id/|title= Official website |website=Um-pwr.ac.id|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100801064525/http://www.um-pwr.ac.id/ |access-date=2021-04-05|archive-date= 2010-08-01 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Muhammadiyah University of Semarang<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNIMUS<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1997<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Semarang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://unimus.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMS<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1960<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Surakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.ums.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Muria Kudus University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muria Kudus<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMK<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1982<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Kudus, Indonesia|Kudus]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.umk.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Nahdlatul Ulama Islamic Institute ]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Institut Agama Islam Nahdlatul Ulama<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|IAINU<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1987<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Kebumen Regency|Kebumen]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.iainu-kebumen.ac.id]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Nahdlatul Ulama Islamic University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Islam Nahdlatul Ulama<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNISNU<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1991<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Jepara]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.unisnu.ac.id]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Nahdlatul Ulama Ma'arif University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Ma'arif Nahdlatul Ulama<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMNU<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2014<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Kebumen Regency|Kebumen]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.umnu-kebumen.ac.id] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200620023217/http://umnu-kebumen.ac.id/ |date=2020-06-20 }}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Putra Bangsa University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Putra Bangsa<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UPB<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2001<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Kebumen Regency|Kebumen]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.stieputrabangsa.ac.id]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Qur'anic Science University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Sains Al Qur'an<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNSIQ<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1988<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Wonosobo Regency|Wonosobo]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.unsiq.ac.id]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Satya Wacana Christian University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UKSW<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1956<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Salatiga]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.uksw.edu/id/|title= Official website |website=Uksw.edu|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110529082944/http://www.uksw.edu/id/ |access-date=2021-04-05|archive-date= 2011-05-29 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Soegijapranata Catholic University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Katolik Soegijapranata<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1964<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Semarang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.unika.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Sultan Agung Islamic University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Universitas Islam Sultan Agung]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNISSULA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1962<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Semarang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://unissula.ac.id Link]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===East Java===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|17 August 1945 University Surabaya<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Surabaya<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNTAG<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1958<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Surabaya]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.untag-sby.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Bina Nusantara University Malang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Bina Nusantara Malang<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|BINUS Malang<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2015<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Malang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://binus.ac.id/malang/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Ciputra University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Ciputra<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UC<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2006<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Surabaya]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://ciputra.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Institute of Health Education<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Institut Ilmu Kesehatan<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|IIK<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1985<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Kediri (city)|Kediri]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.iik.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Kertanegara University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu ekonomi Kertanegara Malang<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|STIEKMA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1982<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Malang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.stiekma.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Muhammadiyah University of Gresik<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Gresik<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMG<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1987<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Gresik]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.umg.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Muhammadiyah University of Jember<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Jember<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|Unmuh Jember<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1987<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Jember]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Home: Muhammadiyah University of Jember |url=http://www.unmuhjember.ac.id/ |access-date=February 17, 2024 |website=www.unmuhjember.ac.id}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;| Muhammadiyah University of Malang<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMM<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1964<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Malang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.umm.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Muhammadiyah University of Sidoarjo<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMSIDA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1987<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Sidoarjo]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.umsida.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Muhammadiyah University of Surabaya<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|Unmuh Surabaya<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1964<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Surabaya]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.um-surabaya.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Pelita Harapan University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Pelita Harapan<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UPH<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1993<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Surabaya]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://www.uph.edu//]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Petra Christian University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Kristen Petra<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UKP<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1961<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Surabaya]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.petra.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[University of Surabaya]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Surabaya<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UBAYA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1966<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Surabaya]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.ubaya.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Widya Mandala Catholic University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Katolik Widya Mandala<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UKWMS / WM<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1960<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Surabaya]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.ukwms.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Wijaya Kusuma University, Surabaya]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Wijaya Kusuma Surabaya<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UWK<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1980<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Surabaya]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://uwks.ac.id//]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Wijaya Putra University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Wijaya Putra<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UWP<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1981<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Surabaya]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://uwp.ac.id//]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Telkom University Surabaya<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Telkom Surabaya<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|Tel-U<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;| 2023<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Surabaya]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://surabaya.telkomuniversity.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Kiai Haji Achmad Siddiq State Islamic University Jember]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Islam Negeri Kiai Haji Achmad Siddiq Jember<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UINKHAS<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1997<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Jember]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://stain-jember.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|PGRI MADIUN University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas PGRI MADIUN<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNIPMA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1976<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Madiun]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://ikippgri-madiun.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===North Sumatra===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[HKBP Nommensen University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas HKBP Nommensen<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;| UHN<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1954<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Medan]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://uhn.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Islamic University of North Sumatra<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Islam Sumatera Utara<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UISU<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1953<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Medan]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.uisu.ac.id/ |title= Official website |website=unismuh.ac.id|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20111019142806/http://www.uisu.ac.id/ |access-date=2021-04-05|archive-date= 2011-10-19 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Methodist University of Indonesia]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Methodist Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMI<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1965<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Medan]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.umi-mdn.edu/|title= Official website |website=unismuh.ac.id|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110517033030/http://www.umi-mdn.edu/ |access-date=2021-04-05|archive-date= 2011-05-17 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Royal College of Information and Computer Management]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Sekolah Tinggi Manajemen Informatika dan Komputer Royal<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;| STMIK Royal<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1995<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Kisaran]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://stmiktoyal.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Bengkulu===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Muhammadiyah University of Bengkulu<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Bengkulu<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMB<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1970<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Bengkulu]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.umb.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===South Sumatra===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Muhammadiyah University of Palembang<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Palembang<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMP<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1984<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Palembang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://umpalembang.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[University of Palembang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Palembang<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNPAL<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1982<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Palembang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://unpal.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Lampung===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Muhammadiyah University of Metro<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Metro<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UM Metro<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1991<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Metro, Indonesia]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.ummetro.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Raden Intan Lampung State Islamic University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Intan Lampung<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UINRIL<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1968<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Bandar Lampung]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://iainlampung.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===North Sulawesi===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[De La Salle University (Indonesia)|De La Salle Catholic University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Katolik De La Salle Manado<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2000<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Manado]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.unikadelasalle.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Klabat University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Klabat<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1965<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Manado]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Southeast Sulawesi===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Avicenna College of Health Sciences]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Avicenna<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|STIK Avicenna<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1965<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Kendari]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://stik-avicenna.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===South Sulawesi===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Christian University of Indonesia, Toraja<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Kristen Indonesia, Toraja<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UKIT<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1992<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Tana Toraja]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://ukitoraja.ac.id/webx/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|East Indonesia University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Indonesia Timur<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UIT<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2001<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Makassar]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Indonesia Education Board Management College<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Manajemen Lembaga Pendidikan Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|STIM LPI<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1980<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Makassar]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Indonesian Muslim University Makassar<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muslim Indonesia Makassar<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMI<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1954<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Makassar]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.umi.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Muhammadiyah University Makassar<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Makassar<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMM<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1963<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Makassar]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://unismuh.ac.id/web |title= Official website |website=unismuh.ac.id|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180204202714/http://unismuh.ac.id/web |access-date=2021-04-05|archive-date= 2018-02-04 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Republic of Indonesia Veteran University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Veteran Republik Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UVRI<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1977<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Makassar]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Bali===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Stenden University Bali]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Stenden University Bali<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|SUB<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2009<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Kuta Utara]] [[Badung]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[University of National Education]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Pendidikan Nasional<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNDIKNAS<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1969<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Denpasar]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Universitas Pendidikan Nasional – Undiknas Kampus Milenial |url=http://undiknas.ac.id/ |access-date=2024-02-17 |language=id-ID}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Warmadewa University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Warmadewa<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNWAR<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1983<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Denpasar]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Universitas Warmadewa {{!}} Bermutu, Berintegritas, Berwawasan Lingkungan Kepariwisataan |url=https://www.warmadewa.ac.id/ |access-date=2024-02-17 |website=warmadewa.ac.id}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===East Nusa Tenggara===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Artha Wacana Christian University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Kristen Artha Wacana<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UKAW<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1985<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Kupang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Universitas Kristen Artha Wacana |url=http://ukarthawacana.blogspot.com/ |access-date=2024-02-17 |website=ukarthawacana.blogspot.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===West Papua===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> |30%;&quot;|Muhammadiyah STKIP of Sorong<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|STKIP Muhammadiyah Sorong <br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|STKIP Muh Sorong<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2004<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Sorong (city)|Sorong]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.stkipmuhsorong.ac.id/ |title=Official website |website= www.stkipmuhsorong.ac.id|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180518200203/http://www.stkipmuhsorong.ac.id/ |access-date=2021-04-05|archive-date=2018-05-18 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Riau===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Nurul Hidayah Islamic College]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Nurul Hidayah<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|STAI<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2000<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Selat Panjang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://nurulhidayah.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===West Sumatra===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[National Teacher Training and Education College]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Sekolah Tinggi Keguruan Dan Ilmu Pendidikan Nasional<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|STKIP<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2009<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Padang Pariaman]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://stkip-nasional.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Other institutions==<br /> <br /> Institutions of higher education regulated by Indonesia's Ministry of National Education that are authorized to confer degrees, but without the status of universities include:<br /> <br /> * [[Astra Manufacturing Polytechnic]] (Polman), [[Jakarta]]<br /> * [[Indonesian State College of Accountancy]] (STAN), [[South Tangerang]]<br /> <br /> == Image gallery ==<br /> {{Gallery|File:ITB 1.jpg|alt4=Diponegoro University, Semarang|22=[[Udayana University]], [[Bali]]|23=File:Gate universitas andalas 02.jpg|24=[[Andalas University]], [[Padang]]|alt1=Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung|alt2=Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta|alt3=University of Indonesia, Jakarta|alt5=Airlangga University, Surabaya|20=[[Sebelas Maret University]], [[Surakarta]]|title=|alt6=University of Brawijaya, Malang|alt7=Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology, Surabaya|alt8=Bogor Agricultural Institute, Bogor|alt9=Padjadjaran University, Bandung|alt10=Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta|alt11=Udayana University, Bali|21=File:Udayana rectorate building.jpg|19=File:Sebelas Maret University entrance gate.JPG|[[Bandung Institute of Technology]], [[Bandung]]|9=File:Universitas Airlangga.jpg|File:Gedung Pusat (Rektorat) UGM.jpg|[[Gadjah Mada University]], [[Yogyakarta]]|File:No 18 Rektorat Universitas Indonesia.jpg|[[University of Indonesia]], [[Jakarta]]|File:Widya puraya undip.jpg|[[Diponegoro University]], [[Semarang]]|10=[[Airlangga University]], [[Surabaya]]|18=[[Padjadjaran University]], [[Bandung]]|11=File:MonumenTuguUB.jpg|12=[[University of Brawijaya]], [[Malang]]|13=File:Its library front.JPG|14=[[Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology]], [[Surabaya]]|15=File:BogorAgriculturalUniversityEntrance.jpg|16=[[IPB University|Bogor Agricultural Institute]], [[Bogor]]|17=File:Rectorate of University of Padjadjaran.jpg|alt12=Andalas University, Padang}}<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[Education in Indonesia]]<br /> * [[Seleksi Nasional Berdasarkan Tes|Test-Based National Selection]] (SNBT)<br /> * [[List of Indonesian agricultural universities and colleges]]<br /> * [[Union of Catholic University Students of the Republic of Indonesia]] (PMKRI)<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{notelist}}{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110512205214/http://kemdiknas.go.id/ Ministry of National Education of Indonesia]<br /> * [https://web.archive.org/web/20150923151942/http://ban-pt.kemdiknas.go.id/ National Accreditation Board for Higher Education]<br /> * [http://carikampus.com/ Social Indonesia University Listing]<br /> <br /> {{Universities in Indonesia|state=expanded}}<br /> {{Asia topic|List of universities in}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Universities In Indonesia}}<br /> [[Category:Universities in Indonesia|*]]<br /> [[Category:Indonesia education-related lists]]<br /> [[Category:Lists of universities and colleges in Asia|Indonesia]]<br /> [[Category:Lists of universities and colleges in Indonesia| ]]<br /> [[Category:Lists of universities and colleges by country|Indonesia]]<br /> <br /> [[id:Daftar perguruan tinggi di Indonesia]]<br /> [[jv:Dhaptar perguruan tinggi ing Indonésia]]</div> Xbypass https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_universities_in_Indonesia&diff=1240925578 List of universities in Indonesia 2024-08-18T08:43:55Z <p>Xbypass: /* Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources */</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|none}}<br /> {{Incomplete list|date=September 2011}}<br /> <br /> This is a '''list of [[University|universities]], colleges, polytechnics and other [[higher education in Indonesia]]'''.<br /> <br /> According to the former Directorate General of Higher Education (now part of the Ministry of Research, Technology, &amp; Higher Education), in 2022 there were 4,004 higher education institutions (3,820 private and 184 public).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Statistik Indonesia 2024 |url=https://www.bps.go.id/id/publication/2024/02/28/c1bacde03256343b2bf769b0/statistik-indonesia-2024.html |access-date=2024-03-02 |language=id-ID}}&lt;/ref&gt; Higher education in Indonesia offers, academic degrees, vocational degrees, and professional degrees. They are provided by the following types of institutions:<br /> <br /> * '''Community Academy''' provides vocational education for diploma one and/or diploma two programs in regencies/municipalities based on local excellence or to meet special needs.<br /> * '''Academy''', offers vocational education in a number of fields of common origin such as a military academy and nursing academy.<br /> * '''Polytechnic''', offers vocational education, and/or professional education in various fields<br /> * '''Specialised College''' (''Sekolah Tinggi''), offers academic education and can provide vocational and/or professional education in 1 (one) specific cluster<br /> * '''Institute''', offers academic education and can provide vocational and/or professional education in a number of fields of common origin (technological cluster for example)<br /> * '''University''', offers academic education, and can provide vocational education, and/or professional education in various fields<br /> <br /> There are several levels of degrees that can be achieved in higher education, which are split into six levels:<br /> <br /> * '''D1 - Ahli Pratama''' (A.P.) is a one year education program consisting of 32 credits and a final assignment in the form of practical work and scientific work reports. The title translates to &quot;Primary Expert&quot;.<br /> * '''D2 - Ahli Muda''' (A.Ma.) is a two year education program consisting of 64 credits. The title translates to &quot;Young Expert&quot;.<br /> * '''D3 - Ahli Madya''' (A.Md.) is a three year higher education programm consisting of 112 credits. The title translates to &quot;Associate Expert&quot;.<br /> * '''D4 - Sarjana Terapan''' (S.Tr.) is a four year higher education programm consisting of 144 credits. The title translates to &quot;Bachelor of Applied [...]&quot; followed by the subject.<br /> * '''S1 - Sarjana''' is a four to seven years higher education program, depending on the university, which requires a scientific thesis. This is equivalent to a Bachelor's degree.<br /> * '''S2 - Magister''' is a one to two year graduate program which requires a scientific thesis. This is equivalent to a Master's degree.<br /> * '''S3 - Doktor:''' is a three to seven years graduate program which requires a scientific dissertation.<br /> <br /> ==Public higher education institutions==<br /> There are 125 public higher education institutions divided into 63 public universities, 13 Institutes, 44 Polytechnics, and 5 Community Colleges.<br /> <br /> ===Public universities===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! PT Code&lt;br /&gt;{{small|001-}}<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Abbrev.<br /> ! Founding Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Accred.&lt;ref name=&quot;banpt&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Badan Akreditasi Nasional–Perguruan Tinggi|trans-title=National Accreditation Organization for Higher Education|url=https://www.banpt.or.id/direktori/institusi/pencarian_institusi.php|access-date=2022-01-03}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 001<br /> | '''[[Gadjah Mada University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Gadjah Mada''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UGM<br /> | 1949, 19 December <br /> | [[Sleman]] and [[Yogyakarta]], [[Special Region of Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Universitas Gadjah Mada |url=https://ugm.ac.id/id/ |access-date=2024-02-17 |website=ugm.ac.id |language=id-ID}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 002<br /> | '''[[University of Indonesia]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Indonesia''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UI<br /> | 1849, 2 January {{small|(as ''Dokter-Djawa School Batavia'')}}&lt;br /&gt;1950, 2 February {{small|(as ''Universiteit Indonesia'')}}&lt;br /&gt;1955, 11 July {{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Jakarta]] and [[Depok]], [[West Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Universitas Indonesia |url=https://www.ui.ac.id/ |access-date=2024-02-17 |website=Universitas Indonesia |language=id-ID}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 003<br /> | '''[[University of North Sumatra]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Sumatera Utara''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| USU<br /> | 1952, 20 August<br /> | [[Medan]], [[North Sumatra]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Beranda {{!}} Universitas Sumatera Utara |url=https://www.usu.ac.id/id |access-date=2024-02-17 |website=Website Universitas Sumatera Utara}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 004<br /> | '''[[Airlangga University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Airlangga''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNAIR<br /> | 1954, 1 November<br /> | [[Surabaya]], [[East Java]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|7|16|18|S|112|45|29|E}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Beranda UNAIR |url=https://unair.ac.id/ |access-date=2024-02-17 |website=Universitas Airlangga Official Website |language=id-ID}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 005<br /> | '''[[University of Hasanuddin]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Hasanuddin''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNHAS<br /> | 1956, 10 September<br /> | [[Makassar]], [[South Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unhas.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 006<br /> | '''[[Universitas Andalas|Andalas University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Andalas''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNAND<br /> | 1955, 13 September <br /> | [[Padang]], [[West Sumatra]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unand.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 007<br /> | '''[[Padjadjaran University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Padjadjaran''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNPAD<br /> | 1957, 11 September<br /> | [[Bandung]] and Jatinangor, [[West Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unpad.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 008<br /> | '''[[Diponegoro University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Diponegoro''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNDIP<br /> | 1957, 9 January<br /> | [[Semarang]], [[Central Java]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|-7.049|110.438|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.undip.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 009<br /> | '''[[Sriwijaya University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Sriwijaya''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNSRI<br /> | 1960, 29 October<br /> | [[Palembang]] and Indralaya, [[South Sumatra]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unsri.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 010<br /> | '''[[Lambung Mangkurat University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Lambung Mangkurat''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| ULM<br /> | 1958, 1 September <br /> | [[Banjarmasin]] and [[Banjarbaru]], [[South Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| A<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.ulm.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 011<br /> | '''[[Syiah Kuala University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Syiah Kuala''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| USK<br /> | 1961, 2 September<br /> | [[Banda Aceh]], [[Aceh]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.usk.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 012<br /> | '''[[Sam Ratulangi University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Sam Ratulangi''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNSRAT<br /> | 1965, 14 September<br /> | [[Manado]], [[North Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unsrat.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 013<br /> | '''[[Udayana University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Udayana''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNUD<br /> | 1962, 17 August<br /> | [[Badung]], [[Bali]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|8|47|56|S|115|10|19|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unud.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 014<br /> | '''[[University of Nusa Cendana]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Nusa Cendana''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNDANA<br /> | 1962, 1 September<br /> | [[Kupang]], [[East Nusa Tenggara]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|-10.1545227|123.6590252|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.undana.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 015<br /> | '''[[Mulawarman University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Mulawarman''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNMUL<br /> | 1962, 27 September <br /> | [[Samarinda]], [[East Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unmul.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 016<br /> | '''[[University of Mataram]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Mataram''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNRAM<br /> | 1962, 1 October<br /> | [[Mataram (city)|Mataram]], [[West Nusa Tenggara]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unram.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 017<br /> | '''[[University of Riau]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Riau''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNRI<br /> | 1962, 1 September<br /> | [[Pekanbaru]], [[Riau]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|0.4764|101.3806|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| A<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unri.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 018<br /> | '''[[Cenderawasih University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Cenderawasih''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNCEN<br /> | 1962, 10 November<br /> | [[Jayapura]], [[Papua (province)|Papua]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.uncen.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 019<br /> | '''[[University of Brawijaya]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Brawijaya''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UB<br /> | 1963, 5 January<br /> | [[Malang]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.ub.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 020<br /> | '''[[University of Jambi]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Jambi''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNJA<br /> | 1963, 26 March<br /> | [[Jambi (city)]], [[Jambi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unja.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 021<br /> | '''[[Pattimura University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Pattimura''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNPATTI<br /> | 1963, 23 April<br /> | [[Ambon, Maluku|Ambon]], [[Maluku (province)|Maluku]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unpatti.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 022<br /> | '''[[Tanjungpura University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Tanjungpura''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNTAN<br /> | 1959, 20 May<br /> | [[Pontianak, Indonesia|Pontianak]], [[West Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| A<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.untan.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 023<br /> | '''[[Jenderal Soedirman University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Jenderal Soedirman''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNSOED<br /> | 1963, 23 September <br /> | [[Purwokerto]] and [[Purbalingga]], [[Central Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| A<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unsoed.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 024<br /> | '''[[University of Palangkaraya]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Palangkaraya''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UPR<br /> | 1963, 10 November <br /> | [[Palangka Raya]], [[Central Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.upr.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 025<br /> | '''[[University of Jember]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Jember''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNEJ<br /> | 1964, 10 November <br /> | [[Jember]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.unej.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 026<br /> | '''[[Lampung University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Lampung''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNILA<br /> | 1965, 22 September<br /> | [[Bandar Lampung]], [[Lampung]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|5|21|52.24|S|105|14|36.38|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unila.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 027<br /> | '''[[Sebelas Maret University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Sebelas Maret''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNS<br /> | 1976, 11 March<br /> | [[Surakarta]], [[Central Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.uns.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 028<br /> | '''[[Tadulako University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Tadulako''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNTAD<br /> | 1981, 1 May<br /> | [[Palu]], [[Central Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.untad.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 029<br /> | '''[[Haluoleo University|Halu Oleo University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Halu Oleo''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UHO<br /> | 1981, 19 August<br /> | [[Kendari]], [[Southeast Sulawesi]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|4|0|31.72|S|122|31|21.65|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.uho.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 030<br /> | '''[[University of Bengkulu]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Bengkulu''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNIB<br /> | 1982, 24 April<br /> | [[Bengkulu (city)]], [[Bengkulu]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|3|45|35.27|S|102|16|20.8|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unib.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 031<br /> | '''[[Universitas Terbuka|Indonesia Open University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Terbuka''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UT<br /> | 1984, 4 September <br /> | [[South Tangerang]], [[Banten]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|6| 20|41.6|S|106|45|29.11|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| A<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.ut.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 032<br /> | '''[[State University of Padang]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Negeri Padang''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNP<br /> | 1954, 23 October<br /> | [[Padang]], [[West Sumatra]]&lt;br /&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unp.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 033<br /> | '''[[State University of Malang]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Negeri Malang''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UM<br /> | 1954, 18 October<br /> | [[Malang]] and [[Blitar]], [[East Java]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|7|57|46.78|S|112|37|6.41|E}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.um.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 034<br /> | '''[[Indonesia University of Education]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UPI<br /> | 1954, 20 October<br /> | [[Bandung]], [[West Java]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|6|51|48.24|S|107|35|39.48|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.upi.edu/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 035<br /> | '''[[State University of Manado]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Negeri Manado''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNIMA<br /> | 1955, 22 September<br /> | [[Minahasa Regency|Minahasa]], [[North Sulawesi]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|1|15|59.7|N|124|52|59.4|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unima.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 036<br /> | '''[[State University of Makassar]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Negeri Makassar''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNM<br /> | 1961, 1 August<br /> | [[Makassar]], [[South Sulawesi]]&lt;br /&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unm.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 037<br /> | '''[[State University of Jakarta]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Negeri Jakarta''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNJ<br /> | 1964, 16 May <br /> | [[Jakarta]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|6|11|40.2|S|106|52|43.7|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unj.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 038<br /> | '''[[Yogyakarta State University|State University of Yogyakarta]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNY<br /> | 1964, 21 May <br /> | [[Sleman]] and [[Yogyakarta]], [[Special Region of Yogyakarta]]&lt;br /&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.uny.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 039<br /> | '''[[State University of Surabaya]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Negeri Surabaya''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNESA<br /> | 1964, 19 December<br /> | [[Surabaya]], [[East Java]]&lt;br /&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unesa.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 040<br /> | '''[[State University of Medan]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Negeri Medan''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNIMED<br /> | 1956<br /> | [[Medan]], [[North Sumatra]]&lt;br /&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| A<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unimed.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 041<br /> | '''[[State University of Semarang]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Negeri Semarang''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNNES<br /> | 1965<br /> | [[Semarang]], [[Central Java]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|7|2| 55.4|S|110|23|22.7|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unnes.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 042<br /> | '''[[Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNTIRTA<br /> | 1981<br /> | [[Serang]] and [[Cilegon]], [[Banten]]&lt;br /&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.untirta.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 043<br /> | '''[[Trunojoyo University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Trunojoyo''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNIJOYO<br /> | 1964, 15 August<br /> | [[Bangkalan Regency|Bangkalan]], [[East Java]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{Coord|7|7|39.9|S|112|43|23.1|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.trunojoyo.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 044<br /> | '''[[Khairun University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Khairun''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNKHAIR<br /> | 1964, 15 August<br /> | [[Ternate]], [[North Maluku]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{Coord|0|45|45.2|N|127|20|10.6|E}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unkhair.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 045<br /> | '''[[University of Papua]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Papua''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNIPA<br /> | 2000, 3 November<br /> | [[Manokwari]], [[West Papua (province)|West Papua]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unipa.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 046<br /> | '''[[Malikussaleh University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Malikussaleh''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNIMAL<br /> | 1969, 12 June<br /> | [[North Aceh Regency|North Aceh]], [[Aceh]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|5|14|2.56|N|96|59|14.22|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unimal.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 047<br /> | '''[[State University of Gorontalo]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Negeri Gorontalo''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNG<br /> | 1963, 1 September<br /> | [[Gorontalo (city)|Gorontalo]], [[Gorontalo]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|0|33|23.07|N|123|3|48.98|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.ung.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 048<br /> | '''[[Ganesha University of Education]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNDIKSHA<br /> | 2006, 11 Mei<br /> | [[Singaraja]], [[Bali]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| A<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.undiksha.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 049<br /> | '''[[University of Bangka Belitung]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Bangka Belitung''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UBB<br /> | 2006, 12 April<br /> | [[Pangkalpinang]], [[Bangka Belitung]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|2|4|11.8|S|106|4|38.7|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.ubb.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 050<br /> | '''[[Borneo Tarakan University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Borneo Tarakan''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UBT<br /> | 1999, 9 October<br /> | [[Tarakan]], [[North Kalimantan]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|3|18|11.3|N|117|38|55.8|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.ubt.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 051<br /> | '''[[Musamus Merauke University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Musamus Merauke''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNMUS<br /> | 2001, 26 January<br /> | [[Merauke]], [[South Papua]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|8|31|54.7|S|140|25|1.5|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}} <br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unmus.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 052<br /> | '''[[:id:Universitas Maritim Raja Ali Haji|Raja Ali Haji Maritime University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Maritim Raja Ali Haji''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UMRAH<br /> | 2007, 1 August<br /> | [[Tanjungpinang]], [[Riau Islands]]&lt;br /&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}} <br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.umrah.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 053<br /> | '''[[Samudra University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Samudra''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNSAM<br /> | 1985, 22 October<br /> | [[Langsa]], [[Aceh]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|4|27|27.4|N|97|58|17.3|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}} <br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unsam.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 054<br /> | '''[[Universitas Sulawesi Barat|University of West Sulawesi]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Sulawesi Barat''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNSULBAR<br /> | 2004, 22 September<br /> | [[Majene]], [[West Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unsulbar.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 055<br /> | '''[[Sembilanbelas November University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Sembilanbelas November''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| USN<br /> | 1984, 16 April<br /> | [[Kolaka Regency|Kolaka]], [[Southeast Sulawesi]]&lt;br /&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.usn.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 056<br /> | '''[[Tidar University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Tidar''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNTIDAR<br /> | 1980<br /> | [[Magelang]], [[Central Java]]&lt;br /&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B <br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.untidar.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 057<br /> | '''[[Siliwangi University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Siliwangi''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNSIL<br /> | 1978<br /> | [[Tasikmalaya]], [[West Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B <br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unsil.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 058<br /> | '''[[Teuku Umar University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Teuku Umar''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UTU<br /> | 2006, 10 November<br /> | [[Meulaboh]], [[Aceh]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|4|8|44.2|N|96|11|50.4|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.utu.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 059<br /> | '''[[University of Pembangunan Nasional Veteran|University of National Development &quot;Veteran&quot; East Java]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Pembangunan Nasional &quot;Veteran&quot; Jawa Timur''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UPNVJT<br /> | 1959, 5 July<br /> | [[Surabaya]], [[East Java]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|7|20|0| S|112|47|24|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| A<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.upnjatim.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 060<br /> | '''[[Timor University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Timor''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNIMOR<br /> | 2000, 16 July<br /> | [[North Central Timor Regency|North Central Timor]], [[East Nusa Tenggara]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{Coord|9|30|45.7|S|124|30|41.8|E}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unimor.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 061<br /> | '''[[:id:Universitas Pembangunan Nasional &quot;Veteran&quot; Jakarta|University of National Development &quot;Veteran&quot; Jakarta]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Pembangunan Nasional &quot;Veteran&quot; Jakarta''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UPNVJ<br /> | 1967, 21 February <br /> | [[Jakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.upnvj.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 062<br /> | '''[[:id:Universitas Pembangunan Nasional &quot;Veteran&quot; Yogyakarta|University of National Development &quot;Veteran&quot; Yogyakarta]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Pembangunan Nasional &quot;Veteran&quot; Yogyakarta''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UPNYK<br /> | 1958, 15 December<br /> | [[Sleman]], [[Special Region of Yogyakarta]]&lt;br /&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B <br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.upnyk.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 063<br /> | '''[[University of Singaperbangsa Karawang]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Singaperbangsa Karawang''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNSIKA<br /> | 1982, 2 February<br /> | [[Karawang]], [[West Java]]&lt;br /&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B <br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unsika.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Public institutes===<br /> <br /> There are 13 Public Institutes in Indonesia: 5 Institutes of Technology, 1 Institute of Agriculture, 4 Institute of Arts (ISI), and 3 Institute of Arts and Culture (ISBI).<br /> <br /> Two more Institute of Arts and Culture is planned in East Kalimantan and South Sulawesi. However, ISBI Kaltim and ISBI Sulsel in form of ISI Yogyakarta and ISI Surakarta's PSDKU has no definite timeline in being separated.<br /> <br /> {{Sticky header}}{{Sort under}}<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable sticky-header-multi sort-under&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;width:5%&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Code&lt;br&gt;{{small|002-}}<br /> ! style=&quot;width:30%&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| Name<br /> ! style=&quot;width:10%&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| Abbrev.<br /> ! style=&quot;width:10%&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Year Founded<br /> ! style=&quot;width:30%&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot;| Location<br /> ! style=&quot;width:10%&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Accred.<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; style=&quot;width:5%&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ref<br /> |-<br /> ! Province<br /> ! City<br /> |-<br /> | 001<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''[[Bandung Institute of Technology]]'''&lt;br&gt;{{resize|90%|({{lang|id|Institut Teknologi Bandung|italic=no}})}}<br /> | ITB<br /> | 1920<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flag|West Java}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Bandung]]&lt;br&gt;{{small|{{coord|6|53|27.25|S|107|36|37.36|E|name=Bandung Institute of Technology|}}}}<br /> | {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | [http://www.itb.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 002<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''[[Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology]]'''&lt;br&gt;{{resize|90%|({{lang|id|Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember|italic=no}})}}<br /> | ITS<br /> | 1957<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flag|East Java}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Surabaya]]&lt;br&gt;{{small|{{coord|7|16|54|S|112|47|41|E|name=Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology|}}}}<br /> | {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | [http://www.its.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 003<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''[[IPB University]]'''&lt;br&gt;{{resize|90%|({{lang|id|Institut Pertanian Bogor|italic=no}})}}<br /> | IPB<br /> | 1963<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flag|West Java}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Bogor Regency|Bogor]]<br /> | {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | [http://www.ipb.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 005<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''[[Indonesian Institute of the Arts, Yogyakarta]]'''&lt;br&gt;{{resize|90%|({{lang|id|Institut Seni Indonesia Yogyakarta|italic=no}})}}<br /> | ISI Yogyakarta<br /> | 1984<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flag|Special Region of Yogyakarta}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Bantul Regency|Bantul]]&lt;br&gt;{{small|{{coord|7|51|08.6|S|110|21|21.21|E|name=Indonesian Institute of the Arts, Yogyakarta}}}}<br /> | A<br /> | [http://www.isi.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 007<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''[[Indonesian Institute of the Arts, Denpasar]]'''&lt;br&gt;{{resize|90%|({{lang|id|Institut Seni Indonesia Denpasar|italic=no}})}}<br /> | ISI Denpasar<br /> | 1967<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flag|Bali}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Denpasar]]&lt;br&gt;{{small|{{coord|8|39|12.93|S|115|13|57.5|E|name=Indonesian Institute of the Arts, Denpasar|}}}}<br /> | A<br /> | [https://www.isi-dps.ac.id]<br /> |-<br /> | 008<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''[[Indonesian Institute of the Arts, Surakarta]]'''&lt;br&gt;{{resize|90%|({{lang|id|Institut Seni Indonesia Surakarta|italic=no}})}}<br /> | ISI Surakarta<br /> | 1964<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flag|Central Java}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Surakarta]]<br /> | {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | [http://www.isi-ska.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 009<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''Indonesian Institute of the Arts, Padang Panjang'''&lt;br&gt;{{resize|90%|({{lang|id|Institut Seni Indonesia Padang Panjang|italic=no}})}}<br /> | ISI Padang Panjang <br /> | 1965<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flag|West Sumatra}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Padang Panjang]]<br /> | B<br /> | [http://www.isi-padangpanjang.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 010<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''[[Bandung Institute of Indonesian Arts and Culture]]'''&lt;br&gt;{{resize|90%|({{lang|id|Institut Seni Budaya Indonesia Bandung|italic=no}})}}<br /> | ISBI Bandung<br /> | 1968<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flag|West Java}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Bandung]]<br /> | {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | [https://www.isbi.ac.id]<br /> |-<br /> | 011<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''Aceh Institute of Indonesian Arts and Culture'''&lt;br&gt;{{resize|90%|({{lang|id|Institut Seni Budaya Indonesia Aceh|italic=no}})}}<br /> | ISBI Aceh<br /> | 2014<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flag|Aceh}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Aceh Besar Regency|Great Aceh]]<br /> | {{small|Good}}<br /> | [http://isbiaceh.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 012<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''Tanah Papua Institute of Indonesian Arts and Culture'''&lt;br&gt;{{resize|90%|({{lang|id|Institut Seni Budaya Indonesia Tanah Papua|italic=no}})}}<br /> | ISBI Tanah Papua<br /> | 2014<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flag|Papua}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Jayapura]]<br /> | <br /> | [http://isbi-tanahpapua.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 013<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''[[Kalimantan Institute of Technology]]'''&lt;br&gt;{{resize|90%|({{lang|id|Institut Teknologi Kalimantan|italic=no}})}}<br /> | ITK<br /> | 2014<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flag|East Kalimantan}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Balikpapan]]&lt;br&gt;{{small|{{coord|1|09|01.5|S|116|51|39.2|E|name=Kalimantan Institute of Technology|}}}}<br /> | B<br /> | [http://www.itk.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 014<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''[[Sumatera Institute of Technology]]'''&lt;br&gt;{{resize|90%|({{lang|id|Institut Teknologi Sumatera|italic=no}})}}<br /> | ITERA<br /> | 2014<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flag|Lampung}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[South Lampung Regency|South Lampung]]<br /> | {{small|Good}}<br /> | [http://www.itera.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 015<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''Habibie Institute of Technology'''&lt;br&gt;{{resize|90%|({{lang|id|Institut Teknologi Bacharuddin Jusuf Habibie|italic=no}})}}<br /> | ITH<br /> | 2014<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flag|South Sulawesi}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Parepare]]<br /> | <br /> | [http://www.ith.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Public polytechnics===<br /> Currently, there are 44 Public Polytechnics in Indonesia. They consist of 1 Electronic Engineering Polytechnic, 2 Manufacturing Polytechnics, 1 Maritime Polytechnic, 1 Fishery Polytechnic, 1 Shipbuilding Polytechnic, 4 Agricultural Polytechnics, and 34 &quot;general&quot; Polytechnics.<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! PT Code&lt;br /&gt;{{small|005-}}<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Abbrev.<br /> ! Founding Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Accred.<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 001<br /> | '''Bandung Polytechnic for Manufacturing'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Manufaktur Bandung''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLMAN<br /> | 1977, 24 March<br /> | [[Bandung]], [[West Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.polman-bandung.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 002<br /> | '''[[Jakarta State Polytechnic]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Jakarta''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| PNJ<br /> | 1982, 22 September<br /> | [[Depok]], [[West Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.pnj.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 003<br /> | '''Medan State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Medan''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLMED<br /> | 1982, 20 September<br /> | [[Medan]], [[North Sumatra]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.polmed.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 004<br /> | '''Bandung State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Bandung''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLBAN<br /> | 1979, 27 January<br /> | [[Bandung]], [[West Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.polban.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 005<br /> | '''Semarang State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Semarang''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLINES<br /> | 1982, 6 August<br /> | [[Semarang]], [[Central Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| A<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.polines.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 006<br /> | '''[[Sriwijaya State Polytechnics|Sriwijaya State Polytechnic]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLSRI<br /> | 1982, 20 September<br /> | [[Palembang]], [[South Sumatra]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.polsri.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 007<br /> | '''Lampung State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Lampung''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLINELA<br /> | 1984, 7 April<br /> | [[Bandar Lampung]], [[Lampung]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.polinela.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 008<br /> | '''Ambon State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Ambon''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLNAM<br /> | 1987, 5 October<br /> | [[Ambon, Maluku|Ambon]], [[Maluku (province)]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.polnam.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 009<br /> | '''[[Padang State Polytechnic]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Padang''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| PNP<br /> | 1985, 12 March<br /> | [[Padang, Indonesia|Padang]], [[West Sumatra]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.pnp.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 010<br /> | '''Bali State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Bali''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| PNB<br /> | 1985, 3 December<br /> | [[Kuta]], [[Bali]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.pnb.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 011<br /> | '''Pontianak State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Pontianak''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLNEP<br /> | 1985, 3 December<br /> | [[Pontianak, Indonesia|Pontianak]], [[West Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.polnep.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 012<br /> | '''Ujung Pandang State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Ujung Pandang''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| PNUP<br /> | 1987, 10 May<br /> | [[Makassar]], [[South Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.poliupg.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 013<br /> | '''Manado State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Manado''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLIMDO<br /> | 1987, 9 November<br /> | [[Manado]], [[North Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.polimdo.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 014<br /> | '''[[Surabaya Shipbuilding State Polytechnic]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Perkapalan Negeri Surabaya''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| PPNS<br /> | 1987, 17 September&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://jdih.kemdikbud.go.id/arsip/permendikbud_tahun2014_nomor042.pdf |title= PERATURAN MENTERI PENDIDIKAN DAN KEBUDAYAAN REPUBLIK INDONESIA |date=2014 |website=jdih.kemdikbud.go.id |access-date=2021-04-05}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | [[Surabaya]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| A<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.ppns.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 015<br /> | '''Banjarmasin State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Banjarmasin''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLIBAN<br /> | 1987, 13 July<br /> | [[Banjarmasin]], [[South Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;width:1%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://www.poliban.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 016<br /> | '''Lhokseumawe State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Lhokseumawe''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| PNL<br /> | 1987, 5 October<br /> | [[Lhokseumawe]], [[Aceh]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.pnl.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 017<br /> | '''Kupang State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Kupang''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| PNK<br /> | 1985, 11 March<br /> | [[Kupang]], [[East Nusa Tenggara]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.pnk.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 018<br /> | '''[[Electronic Engineering Polytechnic Institute of Surabaya]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Elektronika Negeri Surabaya''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| PENS<br /> | 1986, 29 May<br /> | [[Surabaya]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| A<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.pens.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 019<br /> | '''Jember State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Jember''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLIJE<br /> | 1988, 29 October<br /> | [[Jember]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.polije.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 020<br /> | '''Pangkajene Kepulauan State Polytechnic for Agriculture'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Pertanian Negeri Pangkajene Kepulauan''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLIPANGKEP<br /> | 1990, 9 September<br /> | [[Pangkajene and Islands Regency|Pangkep]], [[South Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.politanipangkep.com/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 021<br /> | '''Kupang State Agricultural Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Pertanian Negeri Kupang''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLITANIKOE<br /> | 1984, 7 April<br /> | [[Kupang]], [[East Nusa Tenggara]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[https://politanikoe.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 022<br /> | '''Tual State Polytechnic for Fisheries'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Perikanan Negeri Tual''}} <br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLIKANT<br /> | 1997, 18 July<br /> | [[Tual]], [[Maluku (province)|Maluku]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.polikant.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 023<br /> | '''Malang State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Malang''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLINEMA<br /> | 1979, 27 January<br /> | [[Malang]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.polinema.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 024<br /> | '''Samarinda State Agricultural Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Pertanian Negeri Samarinda''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLITANI Samarinda<br /> | 1997, 28 April<br /> | [[Samarinda]], [[East Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.politanisamarinda.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 025<br /> | '''Payakumbuh State Agricultural Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Pertanian Negeri Payakumbuh''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| PPNP<br /> | 1989, 6 February<br /> | [[Payakumbuh]], [[West Sumatra]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [https://politanipyk.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 026<br /> | '''Samarinda State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Samarinda''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLNES<br /> | 1985, 3 December<br /> | [[Samarinda]], [[East Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.polnes.ac.id/]<br /> |- <br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 027<br /> | '''Creative Media State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Media Kreatif''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLIMEDIA<br /> | 2008, 8 October <br /> | [[Jakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.polimedia.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 028<br /> | '''Bangka Belitung State Polytechnic for Manufacturing'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Manufaktur Negeri Bangka Belitung''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLMANBABEL<br /> | 2010, 18 October<br /> | [[Sungailiat]], [[Bangka Belitung Islands]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [https://www.polman-babel.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 029<br /> | '''Batam State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Batam''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLIBATAM<br /> | 2010, 18 October<br /> | [[Batam]], [[Riau Islands]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[https://www.polibatam.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 030<br /> | '''Nusa Utara State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Nusa Utara''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLNUSTAR<br /> | 2011, 22 June<br /> | [[Tahuna, Indonesia|Tahuna]], [[North Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [https://www.polnustar.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 031<br /> | '''Bengkalis State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Bengkalis''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLBENG<br /> | 2011, 29 July<br /> | [[Bengkalis Regency|Bengkalis]], [[Riau]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.polbeng.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 032<br /> | '''Balikpapan State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Balikpapan''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLTEKBA<br /> | 2011, 9 September<br /> | [[Balikpapan]], [[East Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://poltekba.ac.id/website/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 033<br /> | '''Madura State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Madura''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLTERA<br /> | 2012<br /> | [[Sampang Regency|Sampang]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.poltera.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 034<br /> | '''Indonesia Maritime State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Maritim Negeri Indonesia''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLIMARIN<br /> | 2012, 19 September<br /> | [[Semarang]], [[Central Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [https://polimarin.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 035<br /> | '''Banyuwangi State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Banyuwangi''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLIWANGI<br /> | 2008<br /> | [[Banyuwangi Regency|Banyuwangi]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [https://www.poliwangi.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 036<br /> | '''Madiun State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Madiun''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| PNM<br /> | 2012, 30 October<br /> | [[Madiun]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.pnm.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 037<br /> | '''Fakfak State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Fakfak''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLINEF<br /> | 2012<br /> | [[Fakfak]], [[West Papua (province)|West Papua]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [https://polinef.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 038<br /> | '''Sambas State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Sambas''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLTESA<br /> | 2007<br /> | [[Sambas Regency|Sambas]], [[West Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [https://poltesa.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 039<br /> | '''Tanah Laut State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Tanah Laut''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLITALA<br /> | 2009, 25 September<br /> | [[Tanah Laut Regency|Tanah Laut]], [[South Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.politala.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 040<br /> | '''Subang State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Subang''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLSUB<br /> | 2014, 1 April<br /> | [[Subang Regency|Subang]], [[West Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [https://www.polsub.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 041<br /> | '''Ketapang State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Ketapang''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLITAP<br /> | 2006<br /> | [[Ketapang]], [[West Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [https://politap.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 042<br /> | '''Cilacap State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Cilacap''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| PNC<br /> | 2014, 3 October<br /> | [[Cilacap Regency|Cilacap]], [[Central Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[https://pnc.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 043<br /> | '''Indramayu State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Indramayu''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLINDRA<br /> | 2008, 8 July&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://docplayer.info/50205964-Peraturan-menteri-riset-teknologi-dan-pendidikan-tinggi-republik-indonesia-nomor-70-tahun-2016-tentang-statuta-politeknik-negeri-indramayu.html|title=PERATURAN MENTERI RISET, TEKNOLOGI, DAN PENDIDIKAN TINGGI REPUBLIK INDONESIA NOMOR 70 TAHUN 2016 TENTANG STATUTA POLITEKNIK NEGERI INDRAMAYU - PDF Free Download|website=docplayer.info}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | [[Indramayu Regency|Indramayu]], [[West Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;width:1%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://www.polindra.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 044<br /> | '''Nunukan State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Nunukan''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| PNN<br /> | 2014, 8 October<br /> | [[Nunukan Regency|Nunukan]], [[North Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> <br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[https://www.pnn.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Public community colleges===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! PT Code&lt;br /&gt;{{small|006-}}<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Abbrev.<br /> ! Founding Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Accred.<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 001<br /> | '''State Community College of Pacitan'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Akademi Komunitas Negeri Pacitan''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| AKN Pacitan<br /> | 2013, 11 October<br /> | [[Pacitan Regency|Pacitan]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://aknpacitan.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 002<br /> | '''State Community College of Putra Sang Fajar Blitar'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Akademi Komunitas Negeri Putra Sang Fajar Blitar''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| AKB<br /> | 2014, 17 October<br /> | [[Blitar]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.akb.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 003<br /> | '''State Community College of West Aceh'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Akademi Komunitas Negeri Aceh Barat''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| AKN Aceh Barat<br /> | 2014, 17 October<br /> | [[West Aceh Regency|West Aceh]], [[Aceh]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.aknacehbarat.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 004<br /> | '''State Community College of Rejang Lebong'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Akademi Komunitas Negeri Rejang Lebong''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| AKREL<br /> | 2018, 4 April<br /> | [[Rejang Lebong Regency|Rejang Lebong]], [[Bengkulu]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.akrel.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 005<br /> | '''State Community College of Arts and Culture Yogyakarta'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Akademi Komunitas Negeri Seni dan Budaya Yogyakarta''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| AKNSB Yogyakarta<br /> | 2020<br /> | [[Bantul Regency|Bantul]], [[Special Region of Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.aknyogya.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Public Religious higher education institutions==<br /> Public religious higher education institutions (PTKN) are under the responsibility of the [[Ministry of Religious Affairs (Indonesia)|Ministry of Religious Affairs]]. Technically and academically, the development of state religious universities is carried out by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia (Kemdikbudristek), while functionally it is carried out by the Ministry of Religion, all covering the five recognized religions in Indonesia, but not including Confucianism. There are three types of higher education institutions in the Muslim category, Public Islamic Universities (UIN), Public Islamic Institutes (IAIN), and Public Islamic Colleges (STAIN). Public Christian Institutes (IAKN) and Public Protestant Christian Colleges (STAKPN) in the Protestant Christian category. Public Catholic Colleges (STAKATN) in the Catholic category. Public Hindu Universities (UHN), Public Hindu Institutes (IAHN), and Public Hindu Colleges (STAHN) in the Hindu category. Public Buddhist Colleges (STABN) in the Buddhist category.<br /> <br /> '''''Public Islamic higher education institutions'''''<br /> <br /> ===Public Islamic Universities===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! PT Code&lt;br /&gt;{{small|201-}}<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Abbrev.<br /> ! Founding Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Accred.<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 001<br /> | '''[[Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University Jakarta|State Islamic University of Syarif Hidayatullah]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UIN Jakarta<br /> | 1957, 1 June&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''Akademi Dinas Ilmu Agama'')}}<br /> | [[South Tangerang]], [[Tangerang]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uinjkt.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 002<br /> | '''[[Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University|State Islamic University of Sunan Kalijaga]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Kalijaga''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UIN Suka<br /> | 1951, 26 September&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Sunan Kalijaga'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2004, June 21&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Sleman Regency|Sleman]], [[Special Region of Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uin-suka.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 003<br /> | '''[[Maulana Malik Ibrahim State Islamic University Malang|State Islamic University of Maulana Malik Ibrahim]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UIN Malang<br /> | 1957, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2004, June 21&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Malang]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uin-malang.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 004<br /> | '''[[Sunan Gunung Djati State Islamic University Bandung|State Islamic University of Sunan Gunung Djati]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Gunung Djati''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UIN Bandung<br /> | 1968, 8 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Sunan Gunung Djati'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2005, 10 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Bandung]], [[West Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uinsgd.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 005<br /> | '''[[Sultan Syarif Kasim II State Islamic University|State Islamic University of Sultan Syarif Kasim]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Syarif Kasim''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UIN Suska<br /> | 1970, 19 September&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Sulthan Syarif Qasim'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2005, 4 January&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Pekanbaru]], [[Riau]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uin-suska.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 006<br /> | '''[[Alauddin Islamic State University|State Islamic University of Alauddin]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UIN Alauddin<br /> | 1965, 28 October<br /> | [[Makassar]], [[South Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uin-alauddin.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 007<br /> | '''[[Sunan Ampel State Islamic University Surabaya|State Islamic University of Sunan Ampel]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Ampel''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UINSA<br /> | 1965&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Sunan Ampel'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2013, 1 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Surabaya]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uinsby.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 008<br /> | '''[[State Islamic University of North Sumatra]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UINSU<br /> | 1973, 19 November&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Sumatera Utara'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2014, 17 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Medan]], [[North Sumatra]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uinsu.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 009<br /> | '''[[Raden Fatah State Islamic University|State Islamic University of Raden Fatah]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Fatah''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UIN Palembang<br /> | 1964, 13 November&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Raden Fatah'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2014, 17 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Palembang]], [[South Sumatra]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://radenfatah.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 010<br /> | '''[[Walisongo State Islamic University|State Islamic University of Walisongo]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UIN Walisongo<br /> | 1970, 6 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Walisongo'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2013, 1 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Semarang]], [[Central Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| A<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://walisongo.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 011<br /> | '''[[Ar-Raniry State Islamic University|State Islamic University of Ar-Raniry]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UINAR<br /> | 1960&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Ar-Raniry'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2013, 1 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(s current university)}}<br /> | [[Banda Aceh]], [[Aceh]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://ar-raniry.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 012<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Sultan Maulana Hasanuddin'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Maulana Hasanuddin''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UIN Banten<br /> | 2017, 7 April<br /> | [[Serang]], [[Banten]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uinbanten.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 013<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Imam Bonjol'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Imam Bonjol''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UINIB<br /> | 1966, 29 November&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Imam Bonjol'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2017, 7 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Padang]], [[West Sumatra]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uinib.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 014<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Raden Intan'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Intan''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UINRIL<br /> | 1968, 26 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Raden Intan'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2017, 3 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Bandar Lampung]], [[Lampung]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://radenintan.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 015<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Mataram'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Mataram''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UIN Mataram<br /> | 1966&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Mataram'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2017, 7 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Mataram (city)|Mataram]], [[West Nusa Tenggara]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uinmataram.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 016<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Sultan Thaha Saifuddin'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Thaha Saifuddin''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UINSTS<br /> | 1967, 8 September&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Sultan Thaha Saifuddin'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2017, 7 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Jambi (city)]], [[Jambi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uinjambi.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 017<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Antasari'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Antasari''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UIN Antasari<br /> | 1964, 20 November&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Antasari'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2017, 3 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Banjarmasin]], [[South Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uin-antasari.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 018<br /> | '''International Islamic University of Indonesia'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Internasional Indonesia''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UIII<br /> | 2016, 29 June<br /> | [[Depok]], [[West Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uii.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 019<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Sayyid Ali Rahmatullah'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Sayyid Ali Rahmatullah''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UIN Satu<br /> | 2021, 11 May<br /> | [[Tulungagung Regency|Tulungagung]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uinsatu.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 020<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Professor Kiai Haji Saifuddin Zuhri'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Profesor Kiai Haji Saifuddin Zuhri''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UIN Saizu<br /> | 1997, 21 Maret&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Purwokerto'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2014&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Purwokerto'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2021, 11 May&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Purwokerto]], [[Central Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uinsaizu.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 021<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Raden Mas Said'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Mas Said''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UIN Surakarta<br /> | 1992, 12 September&lt;br /&gt;1997&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Surakarta'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2011&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Surakarta'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2021, 11 May&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Surakarta]], [[Central Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uinsaid.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 022<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Sultan Aji Muhammad Idris'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Aji Muhammad Idris''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UINSI<br /> | 1997, 21 Maret&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Samarinda'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2014&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Samarinda'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2021, 11 May&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Samarinda]], [[East Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uinsi.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 023<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Kiai Haji Achmad Siddiq'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Kiai Haji Achmad Siddiq''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UINKHAS<br /> | 1997, 21 Maret&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Jember'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2014&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Jember'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2021, 11 May&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Jember Regency|Jember]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uinkhas.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 024<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Fatmawati Sukarno'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Fatmawati Sukarno''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UINFAS<br /> | 1997, 21 Maret&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Bengkulu'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2014&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Bengkulu'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2021, 11 May&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Bengkulu (city)]], [[Bengkulu]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uinfasbengkulu.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 025<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Datokarama'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Datokarama''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UIN Palu<br /> | 1997, 21 Maret&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Datokarama'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2021, 8 July&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Palu]], [[Central Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [https://uindatokarama.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 026<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Mahmud Yunus'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Mahmud Yunus''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UIN Batusangkar<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Batusangkar'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2015, 23 December&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Batusangkar'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2022, 8 Juny&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Tanah Datar Regency|Tanah Datar]], [[West Sumatra]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uinmybatusangkar.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 027<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Sjech M. Djamil Djambek'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Sjech M. Djamil Djambek''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UIN Bukittinggi<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Bukittinggi'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2014, 18 December&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Bukittinggi'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2022, 8 Juny&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Bukittinggi]], [[West Sumatra]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [https://uinbukittinggi.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 028<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Kiai Haji Abdurrahman Wahid'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Kiai Haji Abdurrahman Wahid''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UIN Pekalongan<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Pekalongan'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2016, 1 August&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Pekalongan'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2022, 8 Juny&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Pekalongan]], [[Central Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uingusdur.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 029<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Syekh Ali Hasan Ahmad Addary'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Syekh Ali Hasan Ahmad Addary''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UIN Syahda<br /> | 1997, 21 Maret&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Padangsidimpuan'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2013, 30 July&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Padangsidimpuan'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2022, 8 Juny&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Padang Sidempuan]], [[North Sumatra]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uinsyahada.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 030<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Salatiga'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Salatiga''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UIN Salatiga<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Salatiga'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2014, 17 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Salatiga'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2022, 8 Juny&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Salatiga]], [[Central Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uinsalatiga.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 031<br /> | '''State Cyber Islamic University of Syekh Nurjati'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Siber Syekh Nurjati''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UINSSC<br /> | 1997, 21 Maret&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Cirebon'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2009, 10 November&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Syekh Nurjati'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2024&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Cirebon]], [[West Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://syekhnurjati.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Public Islamic Institutes===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! PT Code&lt;br /&gt;{{small|202-}}<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Abbrev.<br /> ! Founding Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Accred.<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 009<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Ambon'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Ambon''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| IAIN Ambon<br /> | 1997, 21 Maret&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Ambon'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2006, 9 December&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Ambon, Maluku|Ambon]], [[Maluku (province)|Maluku]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://iainambon.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 010<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Sultan Amai'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Sultan Amai''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| IAIN Gorontalo<br /> | 1997, 21 Maret&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Sultan Amai'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2004, 18 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Gorontalo (city)|Gorontalo]], [[Gorontalo]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://iaingorontalo.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 020<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Manado'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Manado''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| IAIN Manado<br /> | 1997, 30 June&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Manado'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2014, 17 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Manado]], [[North Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://iain-manado.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 021<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Palopo'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Palopo''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| IAIN Palopo<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Palopo'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2014, 17 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Palopo]], [[South Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://iainpalopo.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 022<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Sultan Qaimuddin'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Sultan Qaimuddin''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| IAIN Kendari<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Kendari'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2014, 17 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Kendari]], [[Southeast Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://iainkendari.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 024<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Ternate'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Ternate''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| IAIN Ternate<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Ternate'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2013, 30 July&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Ternate]], [[North Maluku]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://iain-ternate.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 025<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Zawiyah Cot Kala'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Zawiyah Cot Kala''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| IAIN Langsa<br /> | 1980, 14 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Langsa'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2014, 17 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Langsa]], [[Aceh]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://iainlangsa.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 026<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Palangka Raya'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Palangka Raya''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| IAIN Palangka Raya<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Pangka Raya'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2014, 17 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Palangka Raya]], [[Central Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://iain-palangkaraya.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 030<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Pontianak'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Pontianak''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| IAIN Pontianak<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Pontianak'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2013, 6 August&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Pontianak]], [[West Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://iainptk.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 033<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Metro'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Metro''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| IAIN Metro<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Jurai Siwo'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2016, 1 August&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Metro (city)|Metro]], [[Lampung]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://metrouniv.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 035<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Ponorogo'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Ponorogo''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| IAIN Ponorogo<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Ponorogo'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2016, 1 August&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Ponorogo]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://iainponorogo.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 036<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Kerinci'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Kerinci''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| IAIN Kerinci<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Kerinci'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2016, 1 August&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Kerinci Regency|Kerinci]], [[Jambi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://iainkerinci.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 037<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Lhokseumawe'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Lhokseumawe''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| IAIN Lhokseumawe<br /> | 2016, 1 August<br /> | [[Lhokseumawe]], [[Aceh]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://iainlhokseumawe.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 038<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Parepare'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Parepare''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| IAIN Parepare<br /> | 2008, 20 June&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Parepare'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2018, 5 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Parepare]], [[South Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://iainpare.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 039<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Curup'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Curup''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| IAIN Curup<br /> | 1997, 19 September&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Curup'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2018, 5 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Rejang Lebong Regency|Rejang Lebong]], [[Bengkulu]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://iainpare.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 040<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Fattahul Muluk'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Fattahul Muluk''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| IAIN Jayapura<br /> | 2006, 20 July&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Al-Fatah'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2018, 5 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Jayapura]], [[Papua (province)|Papua]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://iainfmpapua.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 041<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Kudus'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Kudus''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| IAIN Kudus<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Kudus'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2018, 5 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Kudus, Indonesia|Kudus]], [[Central Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://iainkudus.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 042<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Madura'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Madura''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| IAIN Madura<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Pamekasan'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2018, 5 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Pamekasan Regency|Pamekasan]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://iainmadura.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 043<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Syaikh Abdurrahman Siddik'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Syaikh Abdurrahman Siddik''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| IAIN Babel<br /> | 2004, 18 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Syaikh Abdurrahman Siddik'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2018, 5 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Bangka Regency|Bangka]], [[Bangka Belitung Islands]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://iainsasbabel.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 044<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Bone'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Bone''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| IAIN Bone<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Watampone'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2018, 5 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Bone Regency|Bone]], [[South Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://iain-bone.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 045<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Kediri'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Kediri''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| IAIN Kediri<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Kediri'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2018, 5 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Kediri (city)|Kediri]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://iainkediri.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 046<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Sorong'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Sorong''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| IAIN Sorong<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Sorong'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2020, 20 February&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Sorong]], [[West Papua (province)|West Papua]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://iainsorong.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 047<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Takengon'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Takengon''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| IAIN Takengon<br /> | 2012, 25 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Gajah Putih'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2020, 28 February&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Central Aceh Regency|Central Aceh]], [[Aceh]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://iain-takengon.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Public Islamic Colleges===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! PT Code&lt;br /&gt;{{small|203-}}<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Abbrev.<br /> ! Founding Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Accred.<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 034<br /> | '''State Islamic College of Teungku Dirundeng Meulaboh'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Negeri Teungku Dirundeng Meulaboh''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| STAIN Meulaboh<br /> | 2014, 19 September<br /> | [[West Aceh Regency|West Aceh]], [[Aceh]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://staindirundeng.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 035<br /> | '''State Islamic College of Bengkalis'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Negeri Bengkalis''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| STAIN Bengkalis<br /> | 2014, 19 September<br /> | [[Bengkalis Regency|Bengkalis]], [[Riau]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://kampusmelayu.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 036<br /> | '''State Islamic College of Majene'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Negeri Majene''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| STAIN Majene<br /> | 2016, 31 August<br /> | [[Majene Regency|Majene]], [[West Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://stainmajene.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 037<br /> | '''State Islamic College of Mandailing Natal'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Negeri Mandailing Natal''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| STAIN Madina<br /> | 2019, 25 January<br /> | [[Mandailing Natal Regency|Mandailing Natal]], [[North Sumatra]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://stain-madina.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 038<br /> | '''State Islamic College of Sultan Abdurrahman'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Negeri Sultan Abdurrahman Kepulauan Riau''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| STAIN Kepri<br /> | 2017, 13 March<br /> | [[Bintan Regency|Bintan]], [[Riau Islands]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://stainkepri.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> '''''Public Christian higher education institutions'''''<br /> <br /> === Public Christian Institutes ===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! PT Code&lt;br/&gt;{{small|222-}}<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Abbrev.<br /> ! data-sort-type=&quot;date&quot; | Founding Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Acred.&lt;ref name=&quot;banpt&quot; /&gt;<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |Link<br /> |-<br /> | 001<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''State Christian Institute of Tarutung'''<br /> {{small|''Institut Agama Kristen Negeri Tarutung''}}<br /> | IAKN Tarutung<br /> | 1 March 2018<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[North Sulawesi]]<br /> | Good<br /> | [http://iakntarutung.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 002<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''State Christian Institute of Manado'''<br /> {{small|''Institut Agama Kristen Negeri Manado''}}<br /> | IAKN Manado<br /> | 1 March 2018<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[North Sulawesi]]<br /> | Good<br /> | [https://iaknmanado.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 003<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''State Christian Institute of Ambon'''<br /> {{small|''Institut Agama Kristen Negeri Ambon''}}<br /> | IAKN Ambon<br /> | 1 March 2018<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Maluku (province)|Maluku]]<br /> | B<br /> | [https://iaknmanado.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 004<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''State Christian Institute of Toraja'''<br /> {{small|''Institut Agama Kristen Negeri Toraja''}}<br /> | IAKN Toraja<br /> | 23 January 2020<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[South Sulawesi]]<br /> | Good<br /> | [http://iakntoraja.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 005<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''State Christian Institute of Kupang'''<br /> {{small|''Institut Agama Kristen Negeri Kupang''}}<br /> | IAKN Kupang<br /> | 23 January 2020<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[East Nusa Tenggara]]<br /> | Good<br /> | [http://www.iaknkupang.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 006<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''State Christian Institute of Palangka Raya'''<br /> {{small|''Institut Agama Kristen Negeri Palangka Raya''}}<br /> | IAKN Palangka Raya<br /> | 23 January 2020<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Central Kalimantan]]<br /> | <br /> | [http://www.iaknkupang.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === Public Protestant Christian Colleges===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! PT Code&lt;br/&gt;{{small|223-}}<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Abbrev.<br /> ! data-sort-type=date| Founding Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Acred.&lt;ref name=&quot;banpt&quot;/&gt;<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | 006<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|'''State Protestant Christian College of Sentani'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Sekolah Tinggi Agama Kristen Protestan Negeri Sentani''}}<br /> | STAKPN Sentani<br /> | 10 April 2001<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Papua (province)|Papua]]<br /> | Good<br /> | [http://stakpnsentani.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Public Catholic Colleges===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! PT Code&lt;br/&gt;{{small|263-}}<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Abbrev.<br /> ! data-sort-type=date| Founding Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Acred.&lt;ref name=&quot;banpt&quot;/&gt;<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | 001<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|'''State Catholic College of Pontianak'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Sekolah Tinggi Agama Katolik Negeri Pontianak''}}<br /> | STAKATN Pontianak<br /> | 6 April 2017<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[West Kalimantan]]<br /> | Good<br /> | [http://www.stakatnptk.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> '''''Public Hindu higher education institutions'''''<br /> <br /> ===Public Hindu Universities===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! PT Code&lt;br/&gt;{{small|241-}}<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Abbrev.<br /> ! data-sort-type=date| Founding Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Acred.&lt;ref name=&quot;banpt&quot;/&gt;<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | 001<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|'''State Hindu University of I Gusti Bagus Sugriwa'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Hindu Negeri I Gusti Bagus Sugriwa''}}<br /> | UHN Sugriwara<br /> | 23 January 2020<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Bali]]<br /> | Very Good<br /> | [http://www.stakatnptk.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Public Hindu Institutes===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! PT Code&lt;br/&gt;{{small|242-}}<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Abbrev.<br /> ! data-sort-type=date| Founding Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Acred.&lt;ref name=&quot;banpt&quot;/&gt;<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | 002<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|'''State Hindu Institute of Tampung Penyang'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Hindu Negeri Tampung Penyang''}}<br /> | IAHN TP<br /> | 6 September 1986<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Central Kalimantan]]<br /> | Good<br /> | [https://iahntp.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 003<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|'''State Hindu Institute of Gde Pudja'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Hindu Negeri Gde Pudja''}}<br /> | IAHN Gde Pudja<br /> | 11 July 2001<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[West Nusa Tenggara]]<br /> | Good<br /> | [https://iahn-gdepudja.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Public Hindu Colleges===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! PT Code&lt;br/&gt;{{small|243-}}<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Abbrev.<br /> ! data-sort-type=date| Founding Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Acred.&lt;ref name=&quot;banpt&quot;/&gt;<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | 008<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|'''State Hindu College of Mpu Kuturan'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Sekolah Tinggi Agama Hindu Negeri Mpu Kuturan''}}<br /> | STAHN Mpu Kuturan<br /> | 21 March 2016<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Bali]]<br /> | Very Good<br /> | [http://www.stakatnptk.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> '''''Public Buddhist higher education institutions'''''<br /> <br /> ===Public Buddhist Colleges===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! PT Code&lt;br/&gt;{{small|242-}}<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Abbrev.<br /> ! data-sort-type=date| Founding Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Acred.&lt;ref name=&quot;banpt&quot;/&gt;<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | 001<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|'''State Buddhist College of Sriwijaya'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Sekolah Tinggi Agama Buddha Negeri Sriwijaya''}}<br /> | STABN Sriwijaya<br /> | 20 May 2002<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Banten]]<br /> | B<br /> | [https://iahntp.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 002<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|'''State Buddhist College of Raden Wijaya'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Sekolah Tinggi Agama Buddha Negeri Raden Wijaya''}}<br /> | STABN Raden Wijaya<br /> | 25 January 2007<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Central Java]]<br /> | B<br /> | [https://iahn-gdepudja.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Service higher education institutions ==<br /> Service higher education institutions are higher education institution that are under the auspices of government institutions (ministries) as education providers with a civil service bond or cadreship system.<br /> <br /> === Ministry of Home Affairs ===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! PT Code&lt;br /&gt;{{small|342-}}<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Abbrev.<br /> ! data-sort-type=&quot;date&quot; | Founding Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Acred.&lt;ref name=&quot;banpt&quot; /&gt;<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |Link<br /> |-<br /> | 001<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|'''Institute of Home Affairs'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;Institut Pemerintahan Dalam Negeri&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | IPDN<br /> | 1956<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | [[West Java]]<br /> | Very Good<br /> | [https://ipdn.ac.id]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources ===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! PT Code&lt;/br&gt;{{small|355-}}<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Abbrev.<br /> ! data-sort-type=&quot;date&quot; | Founding Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Acred.&lt;ref name=&quot;banpt&quot; /&gt;<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |Link<br /> |-<br /> | 001<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |'''Akamigas Energy and Mineral Polytechnic'''<br /> &lt;small&gt;Politeknik Energi dan Mineral Akamigas&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | PEM AKAMIGAS<br /> | 1967<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | [[Central Java]]<br /> | B<br /> | [https://www.akamigas.ac.id]<br /> |-<br /> | 002<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |'''Bandung Energy and Mining Polytechnic'''<br /> &lt;small&gt;Politeknik Energi dan Pertambangan Bandung&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | PEP BANDUNG<br /> | 2019<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | [[West Java]]<br /> | Good<br /> | [https://pepbandung.ac.id]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Private universities==<br /> These notable private universities are owned, funded and managed by private organizations, including those affiliated with Islamic ([[Muhammadiyah]]), Catholic or Christian socio-religious organizations.<br /> <br /> ===Jakarta===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Name in English !!style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Name in Indonesian !!style=&quot;width:5%;&quot;|Acronym !!style=&quot;width:5%;&quot;|Foundation !! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; style=&quot;width:5%;&quot; |Reference !!style=&quot;width:15%;&quot;|Website<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Al-Azhar University of Indonesia]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Al-Azhar Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UAI<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1960<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.uai.ac.id/|title= Official website |website=uai.ac.id|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230105043930/http://www.uai.ac.id/ |access-date=2023-01-05|archive-date= 2023-01-05 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.uai.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Asian Banking Finance and Informatic Institute Perbanas<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|STIE Perbanas <br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|ABFI-PERBANAS<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1969<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.perbanasinstitute.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Katolik Atma Jaya<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|STMIK Jakarta STI&amp;K<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1960<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;|{{url|http://www.atmajaya.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Bakrie University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Bakrie<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| UB<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|2006<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bakrie.ac.id/en/|title=Experience The Real Things &amp;#124; Universitas Bakrie|website=Bakrie.ac.id}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.bakrie.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Binus University|Bina Nusantara University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Bina Nusantara<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|Binus University<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1985<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.binus.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Bina Sarana Informatika|Bina Sarana Informatika University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Bina Sarana Informatika<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UBSI<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1988<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.bsi.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Borobudur University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Borobudur<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1982<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.universitasborobudur.ac.id/|title= Official website |website=Universitasborobudur.ac.id|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110609043930/http://www.universitasborobudur.ac.id/ |access-date=2021-04-05|archive-date= 2011-06-09 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.universitasborobudur.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Budi Luhur University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Budi Luhur<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UBL<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1979<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://pendaftaran.budiluhur.ac.id/|title=Beranda &amp;#124; PMB ONLINE Universitas Budi Luhur - Kampus Cerdas Berbudi Luhur|website=pendaftaran.budiluhur.ac.id}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.budiluhur.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Universitas Kristen Indonesia|Christian University of Indonesia]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Kristen Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UKI<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1953<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.uki.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Darma Persada University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Darma Persada<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNSADA<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1986<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.unsada.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;| Dian Nusantara University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Dian Nusantara<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNDIRA<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=id&amp;u=https://undira.ac.id/&amp;prev=search&amp;pto=aue|title=Google Translate|website=translate.google.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;|{{URL|https://undira.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Esa Unggul University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Esa Unggul<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UEU<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1993<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.esaunggul.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Indonesia Institute for Life Science<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Institut Bio Scientia Internasional Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|i3L<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|2013<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://i3l.ac.id/info/|title=i3L Undergraduate Program - Speak To Our Admission Team|website=I3l.ac.id|access-date=5 April 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;|{{URL|http://www.i3L.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[YARSI University|Indonesia Islamic Hospital Foundation University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Yayasan Rumah Sakit Islam Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|YARSI<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1967<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.yarsi.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Indraprasta PGRI University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Indraprasta PGRI<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNINDRA<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1982<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.unindra.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Informatics Management and Computer University of Jakarta<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Sekolah Tinggi Manajemen Informatika dan Komputer Jakarta<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|STMIK<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|2000<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.jak-stik.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Jakarta Institute of Arts<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Institut Kesenian Jakarta<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|IKJ<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1970<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.ikj.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Telkom University Jakarta<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Telkom Jakarta<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|Tel-U<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|2023<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-03-14 |title=Universitas Telkom Jakarta {{!}} &quot;Creating the Future&quot; |url=https://jakarta.telkomuniversity.ac.id/ |access-date=2024-03-15 |website=jakarta.telkomuniversity.ac.id |language=id-ID}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|https://jakarta.telkomuniversity.ac.id/}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Krida Wacana Christian University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Kristen Krida Wacana<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UKRIDA<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1967<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.ukrida.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Mercu Buana University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Mercubuana<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMB<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1985<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://pendaftaran.mercubuana.ac.id/|title=Pendaftaran Mercu Buana|first=Pendaftaran Mercu|last=Buana|website=pendaftaran.mercubuana.ac.id}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.mercubuana.ac.id}} <br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Muhammadiyah University of Jakarta<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMJ<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1955<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.umj.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Universitas Nasional|National University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Nasional<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNAS<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1949<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.unas.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Nusantara Institute of Business<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Institut Bisnis Nusantara<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|IBN<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1986<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.ibn.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Pancasila University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Pancasila<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UP<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1966<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.univpancasila.ac.id/index.php|title= Official website |website=Univpancasila.ac.id|access-date=2021-04-05}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.univpancasila.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Paramadina University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Paramadina<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UPM/PARMAD<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1998<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.paramadina.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Persada Indonesia - Indonesia Administration Foundation University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Persada Indonesia Yayasan Administrasi Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UPI YAI<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1985<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.yai.ac.id/upi/|title= Official website |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20111123121651/http://www.yai.ac.id/upi/ |access-date=2021-04-05|archive-date= 2011-11-23 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.yai.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|PPM School of Management<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Pendidikan dan Pembinaan Manajemen<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|PPM<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1967<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://ppm-manajemen.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Prof. Dr. HAMKA Muhammadiyah University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof. Dr. HAMKA<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UHAMKA<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1960<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.uhamka.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Prof. Moestopo University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Prof. Moestopo (Beragama)<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1961<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.moestopo.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;| Raffles Institute of Higher Education<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Raffles Institute of Higher Education<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|Raffles@Citywalk<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|2009<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Respati University of Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Respati Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|URINDO<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1978<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.urindo.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Sahid University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Sahid<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|USAHID<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1988<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://usahid.ac.id/|title= Official website |website=usahid.ac.id/|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150624021223/http://usahid.ac.id/ |access-date=2021-04-05|archive-date= 2015-06-24 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://usahid.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Tarumanagara University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Tarumanagara<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNTAR<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1962<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.tarumanagara.ac.id/|title= Official website |website=Tarumanagara.ac.id|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090427063641/http://www.tarumanagara.ac.id/ |access-date=2021-04-05|archive-date= 2009-04-27 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Trisakti University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Trisakti<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|USAKTI<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1965<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.trisakti.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[University of Bunda Mulia]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Bunda Mulia<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UBM<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1986<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.ubm.ac.id}}<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Banten===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[BINUS University Alam Sutera Main Campus]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Bina Nusantara Kampus Alam Sutera<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|BINUS<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2010<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Tangerang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.binus.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[International University Liaison Indonesia]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Lintas Internasional Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|IULI<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2014<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Tangerang]] <br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.iuli.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Multimedia Nusantara University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Media Nusantara<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNIMEDIA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2006<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|Gading [[Tangerang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.unimedia.ac.id/|title= Official website |website=Unimedia.ac.id|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110521140715/http://www.unimedia.ac.id/ |access-date=2021-04-05|archive-date= 2011-05-21 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Pamulang University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Pamulang<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNPAM<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2000<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[South Tangerang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://unpam.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Pelita Harapan University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Pelita Harapan<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UPH<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1993<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Karawaci, Tangerang|Karawaci]], [[Tangerang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.uph.edu/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Perguruan Tinggi Raharja]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Perguruan Tinggi Raharja Tangerang<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|RAHARJA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1994<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Tangerang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.raharja.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Prasetiya Mulya University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Prasetiya Mulya<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|PMBS, Prasmul, PMSBE<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1982<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[South Tangerang]] and [[Jakarta]] <br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.pmsbe.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Serang Raya University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Serang Raya<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNSERA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2001<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Serang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.unsera.ac.id]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Surya University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Surya<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|SU<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2013<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Tangerang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.surya.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Swiss German University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Swiss German University<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|SGU<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2000<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[South Tangerang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.sgu.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Syech Yusuf Islamic University of Tangerang<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Islam Syekh Yusuf Tangerang<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNIS<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1966<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Tangerang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.unistangerang.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Technology Institute of Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Institut Teknologi Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|ITI<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1984<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Tangerang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.iti.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===West Java===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Bandung Islamic University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Islam Bandung<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNISBA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1958<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Bandung]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.unisba.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Djuanda University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Djuanda<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNIDA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1987<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Bogor]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.unida.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Gunadarma University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Gunadarma<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|GUNDAR<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1981<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Depok]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.gunadarma.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; | [[Horizon University Indonesia]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; | Universitas Horizon Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; | HORIZONU<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; | 1991<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; | [[Karawang Regency|Karawang]]<br /> |[https://horizon.ac.id 22]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Ibn Khaldun University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Universitas Ibn Khaldun Bogor<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |UIKA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |1961<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bandung|Bogor]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.uika-bogor.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Indonesian Computer University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Universitas Komputer Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |UNIKOM<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |2001<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bandung]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.unikom.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Islamic 45 University of Bekasi<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Universitas Islam 45 Bekasi<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |UNISMA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |1982<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bekasi]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.unismabekasi.ac.id/]<br /> <br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Jayabaya University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Universitas Jayabaya<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |UJ<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |1958<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bogor]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.jayabaya.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |General Achmad Yani University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |UNJANI<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |1974<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Cimahi]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.unjani.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Langlangbuana University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Universitas Langlangbuana<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |UNLA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |1982<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bandung]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.unla.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |[[Maranatha Christian University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Universitas Kristen Maranatha<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |UKM<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |1965<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bandung]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.maranatha.edu/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |[[National Institute of Technology (Indonesia)|National Institute of Technology]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Institut Teknologi Nasional<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |ITENAS<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |1972<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bandung]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.itenas.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Nusantara Islamic University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Universitas Islam Nusantara<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |UNINUS<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |1959<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bandung]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.uninus.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Pakuan University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Universitas Pakuan<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |UNPAK<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |1980<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bogor]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.unpak.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |[[Universitas Katolik Parahyangan|Parahyangan Catholic University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Universitas Katolik Parahyangan<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |UNPAR<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |1955<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bandung]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.unpar.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Pasundan University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Universitas Pasundan<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |UNPAS<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |1960<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bandung]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.unpas.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |[[President University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Universitas Presiden<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |PresUniv<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |2001<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bekasi Regency|Bekasi]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.president.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Technology College of Garut<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi Garut<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |STTG<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |1991<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Garut]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.sttgarut.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |[[Telkom University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Telkom University<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |Tel-U<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |2013<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bandung]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.telkomuniversity.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |[https://uniku.ac.id Universitas Kuningan]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Universitas Kuningan<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |UNIKU<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |2003<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Kuningan]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.uniku.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Widyatama University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Universitas Widyatama<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |Widyatama<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |1973<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bandung]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.widyatama.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Kesatuan Institute of Business and Informatics<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Institut Bisnis dan Informatika Kesatuan<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |IBIK<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |1953<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bogor]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.ibik.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |PASIM National University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Universitas Nasional PASIM<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; | UNAS PASIM<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; | 1996<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bandung]]<br /> |[https://pasim.ac.id/sejarah]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Sony Sugema College of Information Technology<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi Informatika Sony Sugema<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |STTI<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |2001<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bandung]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[https://sttiss.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Yogyakarta Special Region===<br /> {{main|List of universities in Yogyakarta}}<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Ahmad Dahlan University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Ahmad Dahlan<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UAD<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1960<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.uad.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[AKPRIND Institute of Science and Technology]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Institut Sains dan Teknologi AKPRIND<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|IST AKPRIND<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1970<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.akprind.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Atma Jaya University, Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Atmajaya Yogyakarta<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UAJY<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1965<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.uajy.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[University of Amikom Yogyakarta|College of Information Management and Computer Science AMIKOM Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|STMIK AMIKOM Yogyakarta<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|AMIKOM<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1992<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.amikom.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Duta Wacana Christian University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Kristen Duta Wacana<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UKDW<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1945<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.ukdw.ac.id/2009/id/ |title=Universitas Kristen Duta Wacana |access-date=2011-05-27 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110602061852/http://www.ukdw.ac.id/2009/id/ |archive-date=2011-06-02 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Islamic University of Indonesia]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Islam Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UII<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1945<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.uii.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Mercu Buana University, Yogyakarta<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Mercubuana Yogyakarta<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMBY<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1985<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://mercubuana-yogya.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Muhammadiyah University of Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMY<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1980<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.umy.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Sanata Dharma University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Sanata Dharma<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|USD<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1955<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.usd.ac.id/en]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Aisyiyah University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Aisyiyah<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNISA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1991<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://stikes-aisyiyah-jogja.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; | General Achmad Yani University of Yogyakarta<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; | Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani Yogyakarta<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; | UNJAYA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; | 2018<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; | [[Sleman Regency|Sleman]]<br /> |<br /> [https://unjaya.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Central Java===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Academy of Information and Computer Management PGRI]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Akademi Manajemen Informatika dan Komputer PGRI<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|AMIK PGRI<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1993<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Kebumen Regency|Kebumen]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.amik-kebumen.ac.id]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[:id:Universitas STEKOM|University of Computer Science &amp; Technology]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Sains &amp; Teknologi Komputer<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|Univ STEKOM<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2020<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Semarang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://stekom.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Amikom University of Purwokerto<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Amikom Purwokerto<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|AMPU<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2005<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Purwokerto]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://www.amikompurwokerto.ac.id Link]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[ATMI Polytechnic]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Politeknik ATMI<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|ATMI<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1968<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Surakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.atmi.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Dharma Patria Polytechnic]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Politeknik Dharma Patria<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|POLDA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2002<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Kebumen Regency|Kebumen]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.politeknik-kebumen.ac.id]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Dian Nuswantoro University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Dian Nuswantoro<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UDINUS<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2001<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Semarang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.dinus.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Muhammadiyah Institute of Technology]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi Muhammadiyah<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|STTM<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2001<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Kebumen Regency|Kebumen]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.sttm.ac.id]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Muhammadiyah University of Magelang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMMGL<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1964<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Magelang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Official website|url=https://www.amikompurwokerto.ac.id|access-date=2021-06-28|website=amikompurwokerto.ac.id}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Muhammadiyah University of Purwokerto<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwoketo<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMP<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1964<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Purwokerto]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.ump.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Muhammadiyah University of Purworejo<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Purworejo<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMP<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1964<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Purworejo]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.um-pwr.ac.id/|title= Official website |website=Um-pwr.ac.id|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100801064525/http://www.um-pwr.ac.id/ |access-date=2021-04-05|archive-date= 2010-08-01 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Muhammadiyah University of Semarang<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNIMUS<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1997<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Semarang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://unimus.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMS<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1960<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Surakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.ums.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Muria Kudus University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muria Kudus<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMK<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1982<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Kudus, Indonesia|Kudus]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.umk.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Nahdlatul Ulama Islamic Institute ]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Institut Agama Islam Nahdlatul Ulama<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|IAINU<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1987<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Kebumen Regency|Kebumen]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.iainu-kebumen.ac.id]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Nahdlatul Ulama Islamic University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Islam Nahdlatul Ulama<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNISNU<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1991<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Jepara]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.unisnu.ac.id]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Nahdlatul Ulama Ma'arif University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Ma'arif Nahdlatul Ulama<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMNU<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2014<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Kebumen Regency|Kebumen]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.umnu-kebumen.ac.id] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200620023217/http://umnu-kebumen.ac.id/ |date=2020-06-20 }}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Putra Bangsa University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Putra Bangsa<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UPB<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2001<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Kebumen Regency|Kebumen]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.stieputrabangsa.ac.id]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Qur'anic Science University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Sains Al Qur'an<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNSIQ<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1988<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Wonosobo Regency|Wonosobo]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.unsiq.ac.id]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Satya Wacana Christian University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UKSW<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1956<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Salatiga]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.uksw.edu/id/|title= Official website |website=Uksw.edu|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110529082944/http://www.uksw.edu/id/ |access-date=2021-04-05|archive-date= 2011-05-29 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Soegijapranata Catholic University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Katolik Soegijapranata<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1964<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Semarang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.unika.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Sultan Agung Islamic University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Universitas Islam Sultan Agung]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNISSULA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1962<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Semarang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://unissula.ac.id Link]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===East Java===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|17 August 1945 University Surabaya<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Surabaya<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNTAG<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1958<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Surabaya]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.untag-sby.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Bina Nusantara University Malang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Bina Nusantara Malang<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|BINUS Malang<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2015<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Malang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://binus.ac.id/malang/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Ciputra University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Ciputra<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UC<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2006<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Surabaya]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://ciputra.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Institute of Health Education<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Institut Ilmu Kesehatan<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|IIK<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1985<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Kediri (city)|Kediri]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.iik.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Kertanegara University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu ekonomi Kertanegara Malang<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|STIEKMA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1982<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Malang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.stiekma.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Muhammadiyah University of Gresik<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Gresik<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMG<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1987<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Gresik]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.umg.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Muhammadiyah University of Jember<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Jember<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|Unmuh Jember<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1987<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Jember]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Home: Muhammadiyah University of Jember |url=http://www.unmuhjember.ac.id/ |access-date=February 17, 2024 |website=www.unmuhjember.ac.id}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;| Muhammadiyah University of Malang<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMM<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1964<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Malang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.umm.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Muhammadiyah University of Sidoarjo<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMSIDA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1987<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Sidoarjo]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.umsida.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Muhammadiyah University of Surabaya<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|Unmuh Surabaya<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1964<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Surabaya]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.um-surabaya.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Pelita Harapan University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Pelita Harapan<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UPH<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1993<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Surabaya]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://www.uph.edu//]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Petra Christian University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Kristen Petra<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UKP<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1961<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Surabaya]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.petra.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[University of Surabaya]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Surabaya<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UBAYA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1966<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Surabaya]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.ubaya.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Widya Mandala Catholic University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Katolik Widya Mandala<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UKWMS / WM<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1960<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Surabaya]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.ukwms.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Wijaya Kusuma University, Surabaya]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Wijaya Kusuma Surabaya<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UWK<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1980<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Surabaya]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://uwks.ac.id//]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Wijaya Putra University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Wijaya Putra<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UWP<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1981<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Surabaya]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://uwp.ac.id//]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Telkom University Surabaya<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Telkom Surabaya<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|Tel-U<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;| 2023<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Surabaya]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://surabaya.telkomuniversity.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Kiai Haji Achmad Siddiq State Islamic University Jember]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Islam Negeri Kiai Haji Achmad Siddiq Jember<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UINKHAS<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1997<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Jember]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://stain-jember.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|PGRI MADIUN University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas PGRI MADIUN<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNIPMA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1976<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Madiun]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://ikippgri-madiun.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===North Sumatra===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[HKBP Nommensen University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas HKBP Nommensen<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;| UHN<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1954<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Medan]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://uhn.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Islamic University of North Sumatra<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Islam Sumatera Utara<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UISU<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1953<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Medan]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.uisu.ac.id/ |title= Official website |website=unismuh.ac.id|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20111019142806/http://www.uisu.ac.id/ |access-date=2021-04-05|archive-date= 2011-10-19 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Methodist University of Indonesia]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Methodist Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMI<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1965<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Medan]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.umi-mdn.edu/|title= Official website |website=unismuh.ac.id|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110517033030/http://www.umi-mdn.edu/ |access-date=2021-04-05|archive-date= 2011-05-17 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Royal College of Information and Computer Management]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Sekolah Tinggi Manajemen Informatika dan Komputer Royal<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;| STMIK Royal<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1995<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Kisaran]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://stmiktoyal.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Bengkulu===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Muhammadiyah University of Bengkulu<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Bengkulu<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMB<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1970<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Bengkulu]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.umb.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===South Sumatra===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Muhammadiyah University of Palembang<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Palembang<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMP<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1984<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Palembang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://umpalembang.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[University of Palembang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Palembang<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNPAL<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1982<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Palembang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://unpal.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Lampung===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Muhammadiyah University of Metro<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Metro<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UM Metro<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1991<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Metro, Indonesia]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.ummetro.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Raden Intan Lampung State Islamic University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Intan Lampung<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UINRIL<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1968<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Bandar Lampung]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://iainlampung.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===North Sulawesi===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[De La Salle University (Indonesia)|De La Salle Catholic University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Katolik De La Salle Manado<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2000<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Manado]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.unikadelasalle.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Klabat University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Klabat<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1965<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Manado]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Southeast Sulawesi===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Avicenna College of Health Sciences]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Avicenna<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|STIK Avicenna<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1965<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Kendari]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://stik-avicenna.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===South Sulawesi===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Christian University of Indonesia, Toraja<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Kristen Indonesia, Toraja<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UKIT<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1992<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Tana Toraja]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://ukitoraja.ac.id/webx/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|East Indonesia University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Indonesia Timur<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UIT<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2001<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Makassar]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Indonesia Education Board Management College<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Manajemen Lembaga Pendidikan Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|STIM LPI<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1980<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Makassar]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Indonesian Muslim University Makassar<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muslim Indonesia Makassar<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMI<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1954<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Makassar]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.umi.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Muhammadiyah University Makassar<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Makassar<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMM<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1963<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Makassar]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://unismuh.ac.id/web |title= Official website |website=unismuh.ac.id|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180204202714/http://unismuh.ac.id/web |access-date=2021-04-05|archive-date= 2018-02-04 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Republic of Indonesia Veteran University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Veteran Republik Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UVRI<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1977<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Makassar]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Bali===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Stenden University Bali]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Stenden University Bali<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|SUB<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2009<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Kuta Utara]] [[Badung]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[University of National Education]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Pendidikan Nasional<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNDIKNAS<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1969<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Denpasar]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Universitas Pendidikan Nasional – Undiknas Kampus Milenial |url=http://undiknas.ac.id/ |access-date=2024-02-17 |language=id-ID}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Warmadewa University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Warmadewa<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNWAR<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1983<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Denpasar]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Universitas Warmadewa {{!}} Bermutu, Berintegritas, Berwawasan Lingkungan Kepariwisataan |url=https://www.warmadewa.ac.id/ |access-date=2024-02-17 |website=warmadewa.ac.id}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===East Nusa Tenggara===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Artha Wacana Christian University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Kristen Artha Wacana<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UKAW<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1985<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Kupang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Universitas Kristen Artha Wacana |url=http://ukarthawacana.blogspot.com/ |access-date=2024-02-17 |website=ukarthawacana.blogspot.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===West Papua===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> |30%;&quot;|Muhammadiyah STKIP of Sorong<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|STKIP Muhammadiyah Sorong <br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|STKIP Muh Sorong<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2004<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Sorong (city)|Sorong]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.stkipmuhsorong.ac.id/ |title=Official website |website= www.stkipmuhsorong.ac.id|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180518200203/http://www.stkipmuhsorong.ac.id/ |access-date=2021-04-05|archive-date=2018-05-18 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Riau===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Nurul Hidayah Islamic College]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Nurul Hidayah<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|STAI<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2000<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Selat Panjang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://nurulhidayah.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===West Sumatra===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[National Teacher Training and Education College]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Sekolah Tinggi Keguruan Dan Ilmu Pendidikan Nasional<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|STKIP<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2009<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Padang Pariaman]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://stkip-nasional.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Other institutions==<br /> <br /> Institutions of higher education regulated by Indonesia's Ministry of National Education that are authorized to confer degrees, but without the status of universities include:<br /> <br /> * [[Astra Manufacturing Polytechnic]] (Polman), [[Jakarta]]<br /> * [[Indonesian State College of Accountancy]] (STAN), [[South Tangerang]]<br /> <br /> == Image gallery ==<br /> {{Gallery|File:ITB 1.jpg|alt4=Diponegoro University, Semarang|22=[[Udayana University]], [[Bali]]|23=File:Gate universitas andalas 02.jpg|24=[[Andalas University]], [[Padang]]|alt1=Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung|alt2=Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta|alt3=University of Indonesia, Jakarta|alt5=Airlangga University, Surabaya|20=[[Sebelas Maret University]], [[Surakarta]]|title=|alt6=University of Brawijaya, Malang|alt7=Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology, Surabaya|alt8=Bogor Agricultural Institute, Bogor|alt9=Padjadjaran University, Bandung|alt10=Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta|alt11=Udayana University, Bali|21=File:Udayana rectorate building.jpg|19=File:Sebelas Maret University entrance gate.JPG|[[Bandung Institute of Technology]], [[Bandung]]|9=File:Universitas Airlangga.jpg|File:Gedung Pusat (Rektorat) UGM.jpg|[[Gadjah Mada University]], [[Yogyakarta]]|File:No 18 Rektorat Universitas Indonesia.jpg|[[University of Indonesia]], [[Jakarta]]|File:Widya puraya undip.jpg|[[Diponegoro University]], [[Semarang]]|10=[[Airlangga University]], [[Surabaya]]|18=[[Padjadjaran University]], [[Bandung]]|11=File:MonumenTuguUB.jpg|12=[[University of Brawijaya]], [[Malang]]|13=File:Its library front.JPG|14=[[Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology]], [[Surabaya]]|15=File:BogorAgriculturalUniversityEntrance.jpg|16=[[IPB University|Bogor Agricultural Institute]], [[Bogor]]|17=File:Rectorate of University of Padjadjaran.jpg|alt12=Andalas University, Padang}}<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[Education in Indonesia]]<br /> * [[Seleksi Nasional Berdasarkan Tes|Test-Based National Selection]] (SNBT)<br /> * [[List of Indonesian agricultural universities and colleges]]<br /> * [[Union of Catholic University Students of the Republic of Indonesia]] (PMKRI)<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{notelist}}{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110512205214/http://kemdiknas.go.id/ Ministry of National Education of Indonesia]<br /> * [https://web.archive.org/web/20150923151942/http://ban-pt.kemdiknas.go.id/ National Accreditation Board for Higher Education]<br /> * [http://carikampus.com/ Social Indonesia University Listing]<br /> <br /> {{Universities in Indonesia|state=expanded}}<br /> {{Asia topic|List of universities in}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Universities In Indonesia}}<br /> [[Category:Universities in Indonesia|*]]<br /> [[Category:Indonesia education-related lists]]<br /> [[Category:Lists of universities and colleges in Asia|Indonesia]]<br /> [[Category:Lists of universities and colleges in Indonesia| ]]<br /> [[Category:Lists of universities and colleges by country|Indonesia]]<br /> <br /> [[id:Daftar perguruan tinggi di Indonesia]]<br /> [[jv:Dhaptar perguruan tinggi ing Indonésia]]</div> Xbypass https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_universities_in_Indonesia&diff=1240925459 List of universities in Indonesia 2024-08-18T08:42:23Z <p>Xbypass: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|none}}<br /> {{Incomplete list|date=September 2011}}<br /> <br /> This is a '''list of [[University|universities]], colleges, polytechnics and other [[higher education in Indonesia]]'''.<br /> <br /> According to the former Directorate General of Higher Education (now part of the Ministry of Research, Technology, &amp; Higher Education), in 2022 there were 4,004 higher education institutions (3,820 private and 184 public).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Statistik Indonesia 2024 |url=https://www.bps.go.id/id/publication/2024/02/28/c1bacde03256343b2bf769b0/statistik-indonesia-2024.html |access-date=2024-03-02 |language=id-ID}}&lt;/ref&gt; Higher education in Indonesia offers, academic degrees, vocational degrees, and professional degrees. They are provided by the following types of institutions:<br /> <br /> * '''Community Academy''' provides vocational education for diploma one and/or diploma two programs in regencies/municipalities based on local excellence or to meet special needs.<br /> * '''Academy''', offers vocational education in a number of fields of common origin such as a military academy and nursing academy.<br /> * '''Polytechnic''', offers vocational education, and/or professional education in various fields<br /> * '''Specialised College''' (''Sekolah Tinggi''), offers academic education and can provide vocational and/or professional education in 1 (one) specific cluster<br /> * '''Institute''', offers academic education and can provide vocational and/or professional education in a number of fields of common origin (technological cluster for example)<br /> * '''University''', offers academic education, and can provide vocational education, and/or professional education in various fields<br /> <br /> There are several levels of degrees that can be achieved in higher education, which are split into six levels:<br /> <br /> * '''D1 - Ahli Pratama''' (A.P.) is a one year education program consisting of 32 credits and a final assignment in the form of practical work and scientific work reports. The title translates to &quot;Primary Expert&quot;.<br /> * '''D2 - Ahli Muda''' (A.Ma.) is a two year education program consisting of 64 credits. The title translates to &quot;Young Expert&quot;.<br /> * '''D3 - Ahli Madya''' (A.Md.) is a three year higher education programm consisting of 112 credits. The title translates to &quot;Associate Expert&quot;.<br /> * '''D4 - Sarjana Terapan''' (S.Tr.) is a four year higher education programm consisting of 144 credits. The title translates to &quot;Bachelor of Applied [...]&quot; followed by the subject.<br /> * '''S1 - Sarjana''' is a four to seven years higher education program, depending on the university, which requires a scientific thesis. This is equivalent to a Bachelor's degree.<br /> * '''S2 - Magister''' is a one to two year graduate program which requires a scientific thesis. This is equivalent to a Master's degree.<br /> * '''S3 - Doktor:''' is a three to seven years graduate program which requires a scientific dissertation.<br /> <br /> ==Public higher education institutions==<br /> There are 125 public higher education institutions divided into 63 public universities, 13 Institutes, 44 Polytechnics, and 5 Community Colleges.<br /> <br /> ===Public universities===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! PT Code&lt;br /&gt;{{small|001-}}<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Abbrev.<br /> ! Founding Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Accred.&lt;ref name=&quot;banpt&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Badan Akreditasi Nasional–Perguruan Tinggi|trans-title=National Accreditation Organization for Higher Education|url=https://www.banpt.or.id/direktori/institusi/pencarian_institusi.php|access-date=2022-01-03}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 001<br /> | '''[[Gadjah Mada University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Gadjah Mada''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UGM<br /> | 1949, 19 December <br /> | [[Sleman]] and [[Yogyakarta]], [[Special Region of Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Universitas Gadjah Mada |url=https://ugm.ac.id/id/ |access-date=2024-02-17 |website=ugm.ac.id |language=id-ID}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 002<br /> | '''[[University of Indonesia]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Indonesia''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UI<br /> | 1849, 2 January {{small|(as ''Dokter-Djawa School Batavia'')}}&lt;br /&gt;1950, 2 February {{small|(as ''Universiteit Indonesia'')}}&lt;br /&gt;1955, 11 July {{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Jakarta]] and [[Depok]], [[West Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Universitas Indonesia |url=https://www.ui.ac.id/ |access-date=2024-02-17 |website=Universitas Indonesia |language=id-ID}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 003<br /> | '''[[University of North Sumatra]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Sumatera Utara''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| USU<br /> | 1952, 20 August<br /> | [[Medan]], [[North Sumatra]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Beranda {{!}} Universitas Sumatera Utara |url=https://www.usu.ac.id/id |access-date=2024-02-17 |website=Website Universitas Sumatera Utara}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 004<br /> | '''[[Airlangga University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Airlangga''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNAIR<br /> | 1954, 1 November<br /> | [[Surabaya]], [[East Java]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|7|16|18|S|112|45|29|E}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Beranda UNAIR |url=https://unair.ac.id/ |access-date=2024-02-17 |website=Universitas Airlangga Official Website |language=id-ID}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 005<br /> | '''[[University of Hasanuddin]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Hasanuddin''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNHAS<br /> | 1956, 10 September<br /> | [[Makassar]], [[South Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unhas.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 006<br /> | '''[[Universitas Andalas|Andalas University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Andalas''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNAND<br /> | 1955, 13 September <br /> | [[Padang]], [[West Sumatra]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unand.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 007<br /> | '''[[Padjadjaran University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Padjadjaran''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNPAD<br /> | 1957, 11 September<br /> | [[Bandung]] and Jatinangor, [[West Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unpad.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 008<br /> | '''[[Diponegoro University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Diponegoro''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNDIP<br /> | 1957, 9 January<br /> | [[Semarang]], [[Central Java]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|-7.049|110.438|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.undip.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 009<br /> | '''[[Sriwijaya University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Sriwijaya''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNSRI<br /> | 1960, 29 October<br /> | [[Palembang]] and Indralaya, [[South Sumatra]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unsri.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 010<br /> | '''[[Lambung Mangkurat University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Lambung Mangkurat''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| ULM<br /> | 1958, 1 September <br /> | [[Banjarmasin]] and [[Banjarbaru]], [[South Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| A<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.ulm.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 011<br /> | '''[[Syiah Kuala University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Syiah Kuala''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| USK<br /> | 1961, 2 September<br /> | [[Banda Aceh]], [[Aceh]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.usk.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 012<br /> | '''[[Sam Ratulangi University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Sam Ratulangi''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNSRAT<br /> | 1965, 14 September<br /> | [[Manado]], [[North Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unsrat.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 013<br /> | '''[[Udayana University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Udayana''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNUD<br /> | 1962, 17 August<br /> | [[Badung]], [[Bali]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|8|47|56|S|115|10|19|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unud.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 014<br /> | '''[[University of Nusa Cendana]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Nusa Cendana''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNDANA<br /> | 1962, 1 September<br /> | [[Kupang]], [[East Nusa Tenggara]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|-10.1545227|123.6590252|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.undana.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 015<br /> | '''[[Mulawarman University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Mulawarman''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNMUL<br /> | 1962, 27 September <br /> | [[Samarinda]], [[East Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unmul.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 016<br /> | '''[[University of Mataram]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Mataram''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNRAM<br /> | 1962, 1 October<br /> | [[Mataram (city)|Mataram]], [[West Nusa Tenggara]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unram.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 017<br /> | '''[[University of Riau]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Riau''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNRI<br /> | 1962, 1 September<br /> | [[Pekanbaru]], [[Riau]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|0.4764|101.3806|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| A<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unri.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 018<br /> | '''[[Cenderawasih University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Cenderawasih''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNCEN<br /> | 1962, 10 November<br /> | [[Jayapura]], [[Papua (province)|Papua]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.uncen.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 019<br /> | '''[[University of Brawijaya]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Brawijaya''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UB<br /> | 1963, 5 January<br /> | [[Malang]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.ub.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 020<br /> | '''[[University of Jambi]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Jambi''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNJA<br /> | 1963, 26 March<br /> | [[Jambi (city)]], [[Jambi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unja.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 021<br /> | '''[[Pattimura University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Pattimura''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNPATTI<br /> | 1963, 23 April<br /> | [[Ambon, Maluku|Ambon]], [[Maluku (province)|Maluku]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unpatti.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 022<br /> | '''[[Tanjungpura University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Tanjungpura''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNTAN<br /> | 1959, 20 May<br /> | [[Pontianak, Indonesia|Pontianak]], [[West Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| A<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.untan.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 023<br /> | '''[[Jenderal Soedirman University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Jenderal Soedirman''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNSOED<br /> | 1963, 23 September <br /> | [[Purwokerto]] and [[Purbalingga]], [[Central Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| A<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unsoed.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 024<br /> | '''[[University of Palangkaraya]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Palangkaraya''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UPR<br /> | 1963, 10 November <br /> | [[Palangka Raya]], [[Central Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.upr.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 025<br /> | '''[[University of Jember]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Jember''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNEJ<br /> | 1964, 10 November <br /> | [[Jember]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.unej.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 026<br /> | '''[[Lampung University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Lampung''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNILA<br /> | 1965, 22 September<br /> | [[Bandar Lampung]], [[Lampung]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|5|21|52.24|S|105|14|36.38|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unila.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 027<br /> | '''[[Sebelas Maret University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Sebelas Maret''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNS<br /> | 1976, 11 March<br /> | [[Surakarta]], [[Central Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.uns.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 028<br /> | '''[[Tadulako University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Tadulako''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNTAD<br /> | 1981, 1 May<br /> | [[Palu]], [[Central Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.untad.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 029<br /> | '''[[Haluoleo University|Halu Oleo University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Halu Oleo''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UHO<br /> | 1981, 19 August<br /> | [[Kendari]], [[Southeast Sulawesi]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|4|0|31.72|S|122|31|21.65|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.uho.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 030<br /> | '''[[University of Bengkulu]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Bengkulu''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNIB<br /> | 1982, 24 April<br /> | [[Bengkulu (city)]], [[Bengkulu]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|3|45|35.27|S|102|16|20.8|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unib.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 031<br /> | '''[[Universitas Terbuka|Indonesia Open University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Terbuka''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UT<br /> | 1984, 4 September <br /> | [[South Tangerang]], [[Banten]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|6| 20|41.6|S|106|45|29.11|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| A<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.ut.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 032<br /> | '''[[State University of Padang]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Negeri Padang''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNP<br /> | 1954, 23 October<br /> | [[Padang]], [[West Sumatra]]&lt;br /&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unp.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 033<br /> | '''[[State University of Malang]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Negeri Malang''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UM<br /> | 1954, 18 October<br /> | [[Malang]] and [[Blitar]], [[East Java]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|7|57|46.78|S|112|37|6.41|E}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.um.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 034<br /> | '''[[Indonesia University of Education]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UPI<br /> | 1954, 20 October<br /> | [[Bandung]], [[West Java]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|6|51|48.24|S|107|35|39.48|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.upi.edu/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 035<br /> | '''[[State University of Manado]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Negeri Manado''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNIMA<br /> | 1955, 22 September<br /> | [[Minahasa Regency|Minahasa]], [[North Sulawesi]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|1|15|59.7|N|124|52|59.4|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unima.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 036<br /> | '''[[State University of Makassar]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Negeri Makassar''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNM<br /> | 1961, 1 August<br /> | [[Makassar]], [[South Sulawesi]]&lt;br /&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unm.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 037<br /> | '''[[State University of Jakarta]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Negeri Jakarta''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNJ<br /> | 1964, 16 May <br /> | [[Jakarta]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|6|11|40.2|S|106|52|43.7|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unj.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 038<br /> | '''[[Yogyakarta State University|State University of Yogyakarta]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNY<br /> | 1964, 21 May <br /> | [[Sleman]] and [[Yogyakarta]], [[Special Region of Yogyakarta]]&lt;br /&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.uny.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 039<br /> | '''[[State University of Surabaya]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Negeri Surabaya''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNESA<br /> | 1964, 19 December<br /> | [[Surabaya]], [[East Java]]&lt;br /&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unesa.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 040<br /> | '''[[State University of Medan]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Negeri Medan''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNIMED<br /> | 1956<br /> | [[Medan]], [[North Sumatra]]&lt;br /&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| A<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unimed.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 041<br /> | '''[[State University of Semarang]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Negeri Semarang''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNNES<br /> | 1965<br /> | [[Semarang]], [[Central Java]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|7|2| 55.4|S|110|23|22.7|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unnes.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 042<br /> | '''[[Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNTIRTA<br /> | 1981<br /> | [[Serang]] and [[Cilegon]], [[Banten]]&lt;br /&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.untirta.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 043<br /> | '''[[Trunojoyo University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Trunojoyo''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNIJOYO<br /> | 1964, 15 August<br /> | [[Bangkalan Regency|Bangkalan]], [[East Java]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{Coord|7|7|39.9|S|112|43|23.1|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.trunojoyo.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 044<br /> | '''[[Khairun University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Khairun''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNKHAIR<br /> | 1964, 15 August<br /> | [[Ternate]], [[North Maluku]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{Coord|0|45|45.2|N|127|20|10.6|E}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unkhair.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 045<br /> | '''[[University of Papua]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Papua''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNIPA<br /> | 2000, 3 November<br /> | [[Manokwari]], [[West Papua (province)|West Papua]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unipa.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 046<br /> | '''[[Malikussaleh University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Malikussaleh''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNIMAL<br /> | 1969, 12 June<br /> | [[North Aceh Regency|North Aceh]], [[Aceh]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|5|14|2.56|N|96|59|14.22|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unimal.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 047<br /> | '''[[State University of Gorontalo]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Negeri Gorontalo''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNG<br /> | 1963, 1 September<br /> | [[Gorontalo (city)|Gorontalo]], [[Gorontalo]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|0|33|23.07|N|123|3|48.98|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.ung.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 048<br /> | '''[[Ganesha University of Education]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNDIKSHA<br /> | 2006, 11 Mei<br /> | [[Singaraja]], [[Bali]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| A<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.undiksha.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 049<br /> | '''[[University of Bangka Belitung]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Bangka Belitung''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UBB<br /> | 2006, 12 April<br /> | [[Pangkalpinang]], [[Bangka Belitung]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|2|4|11.8|S|106|4|38.7|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.ubb.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 050<br /> | '''[[Borneo Tarakan University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Borneo Tarakan''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UBT<br /> | 1999, 9 October<br /> | [[Tarakan]], [[North Kalimantan]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|3|18|11.3|N|117|38|55.8|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.ubt.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 051<br /> | '''[[Musamus Merauke University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Musamus Merauke''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNMUS<br /> | 2001, 26 January<br /> | [[Merauke]], [[South Papua]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|8|31|54.7|S|140|25|1.5|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}} <br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unmus.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 052<br /> | '''[[:id:Universitas Maritim Raja Ali Haji|Raja Ali Haji Maritime University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Maritim Raja Ali Haji''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UMRAH<br /> | 2007, 1 August<br /> | [[Tanjungpinang]], [[Riau Islands]]&lt;br /&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}} <br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.umrah.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 053<br /> | '''[[Samudra University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Samudra''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNSAM<br /> | 1985, 22 October<br /> | [[Langsa]], [[Aceh]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|4|27|27.4|N|97|58|17.3|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}} <br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unsam.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 054<br /> | '''[[Universitas Sulawesi Barat|University of West Sulawesi]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Sulawesi Barat''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNSULBAR<br /> | 2004, 22 September<br /> | [[Majene]], [[West Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unsulbar.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 055<br /> | '''[[Sembilanbelas November University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Sembilanbelas November''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| USN<br /> | 1984, 16 April<br /> | [[Kolaka Regency|Kolaka]], [[Southeast Sulawesi]]&lt;br /&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.usn.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 056<br /> | '''[[Tidar University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Tidar''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNTIDAR<br /> | 1980<br /> | [[Magelang]], [[Central Java]]&lt;br /&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B <br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.untidar.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 057<br /> | '''[[Siliwangi University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Siliwangi''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNSIL<br /> | 1978<br /> | [[Tasikmalaya]], [[West Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B <br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unsil.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 058<br /> | '''[[Teuku Umar University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Teuku Umar''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UTU<br /> | 2006, 10 November<br /> | [[Meulaboh]], [[Aceh]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|4|8|44.2|N|96|11|50.4|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.utu.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 059<br /> | '''[[University of Pembangunan Nasional Veteran|University of National Development &quot;Veteran&quot; East Java]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Pembangunan Nasional &quot;Veteran&quot; Jawa Timur''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UPNVJT<br /> | 1959, 5 July<br /> | [[Surabaya]], [[East Java]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|7|20|0| S|112|47|24|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| A<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.upnjatim.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 060<br /> | '''[[Timor University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Timor''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNIMOR<br /> | 2000, 16 July<br /> | [[North Central Timor Regency|North Central Timor]], [[East Nusa Tenggara]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{Coord|9|30|45.7|S|124|30|41.8|E}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unimor.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 061<br /> | '''[[:id:Universitas Pembangunan Nasional &quot;Veteran&quot; Jakarta|University of National Development &quot;Veteran&quot; Jakarta]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Pembangunan Nasional &quot;Veteran&quot; Jakarta''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UPNVJ<br /> | 1967, 21 February <br /> | [[Jakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.upnvj.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 062<br /> | '''[[:id:Universitas Pembangunan Nasional &quot;Veteran&quot; Yogyakarta|University of National Development &quot;Veteran&quot; Yogyakarta]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Pembangunan Nasional &quot;Veteran&quot; Yogyakarta''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UPNYK<br /> | 1958, 15 December<br /> | [[Sleman]], [[Special Region of Yogyakarta]]&lt;br /&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B <br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.upnyk.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 063<br /> | '''[[University of Singaperbangsa Karawang]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Singaperbangsa Karawang''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNSIKA<br /> | 1982, 2 February<br /> | [[Karawang]], [[West Java]]&lt;br /&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B <br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unsika.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Public institutes===<br /> <br /> There are 13 Public Institutes in Indonesia: 5 Institutes of Technology, 1 Institute of Agriculture, 4 Institute of Arts (ISI), and 3 Institute of Arts and Culture (ISBI).<br /> <br /> Two more Institute of Arts and Culture is planned in East Kalimantan and South Sulawesi. However, ISBI Kaltim and ISBI Sulsel in form of ISI Yogyakarta and ISI Surakarta's PSDKU has no definite timeline in being separated.<br /> <br /> {{Sticky header}}{{Sort under}}<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable sticky-header-multi sort-under&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;width:5%&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Code&lt;br&gt;{{small|002-}}<br /> ! style=&quot;width:30%&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| Name<br /> ! style=&quot;width:10%&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| Abbrev.<br /> ! style=&quot;width:10%&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Year Founded<br /> ! style=&quot;width:30%&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot;| Location<br /> ! style=&quot;width:10%&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Accred.<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; style=&quot;width:5%&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ref<br /> |-<br /> ! Province<br /> ! City<br /> |-<br /> | 001<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''[[Bandung Institute of Technology]]'''&lt;br&gt;{{resize|90%|({{lang|id|Institut Teknologi Bandung|italic=no}})}}<br /> | ITB<br /> | 1920<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flag|West Java}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Bandung]]&lt;br&gt;{{small|{{coord|6|53|27.25|S|107|36|37.36|E|name=Bandung Institute of Technology|}}}}<br /> | {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | [http://www.itb.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 002<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''[[Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology]]'''&lt;br&gt;{{resize|90%|({{lang|id|Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember|italic=no}})}}<br /> | ITS<br /> | 1957<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flag|East Java}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Surabaya]]&lt;br&gt;{{small|{{coord|7|16|54|S|112|47|41|E|name=Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology|}}}}<br /> | {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | [http://www.its.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 003<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''[[IPB University]]'''&lt;br&gt;{{resize|90%|({{lang|id|Institut Pertanian Bogor|italic=no}})}}<br /> | IPB<br /> | 1963<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flag|West Java}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Bogor Regency|Bogor]]<br /> | {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | [http://www.ipb.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 005<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''[[Indonesian Institute of the Arts, Yogyakarta]]'''&lt;br&gt;{{resize|90%|({{lang|id|Institut Seni Indonesia Yogyakarta|italic=no}})}}<br /> | ISI Yogyakarta<br /> | 1984<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flag|Special Region of Yogyakarta}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Bantul Regency|Bantul]]&lt;br&gt;{{small|{{coord|7|51|08.6|S|110|21|21.21|E|name=Indonesian Institute of the Arts, Yogyakarta}}}}<br /> | A<br /> | [http://www.isi.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 007<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''[[Indonesian Institute of the Arts, Denpasar]]'''&lt;br&gt;{{resize|90%|({{lang|id|Institut Seni Indonesia Denpasar|italic=no}})}}<br /> | ISI Denpasar<br /> | 1967<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flag|Bali}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Denpasar]]&lt;br&gt;{{small|{{coord|8|39|12.93|S|115|13|57.5|E|name=Indonesian Institute of the Arts, Denpasar|}}}}<br /> | A<br /> | [https://www.isi-dps.ac.id]<br /> |-<br /> | 008<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''[[Indonesian Institute of the Arts, Surakarta]]'''&lt;br&gt;{{resize|90%|({{lang|id|Institut Seni Indonesia Surakarta|italic=no}})}}<br /> | ISI Surakarta<br /> | 1964<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flag|Central Java}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Surakarta]]<br /> | {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | [http://www.isi-ska.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 009<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''Indonesian Institute of the Arts, Padang Panjang'''&lt;br&gt;{{resize|90%|({{lang|id|Institut Seni Indonesia Padang Panjang|italic=no}})}}<br /> | ISI Padang Panjang <br /> | 1965<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flag|West Sumatra}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Padang Panjang]]<br /> | B<br /> | [http://www.isi-padangpanjang.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 010<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''[[Bandung Institute of Indonesian Arts and Culture]]'''&lt;br&gt;{{resize|90%|({{lang|id|Institut Seni Budaya Indonesia Bandung|italic=no}})}}<br /> | ISBI Bandung<br /> | 1968<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flag|West Java}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Bandung]]<br /> | {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | [https://www.isbi.ac.id]<br /> |-<br /> | 011<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''Aceh Institute of Indonesian Arts and Culture'''&lt;br&gt;{{resize|90%|({{lang|id|Institut Seni Budaya Indonesia Aceh|italic=no}})}}<br /> | ISBI Aceh<br /> | 2014<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flag|Aceh}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Aceh Besar Regency|Great Aceh]]<br /> | {{small|Good}}<br /> | [http://isbiaceh.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 012<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''Tanah Papua Institute of Indonesian Arts and Culture'''&lt;br&gt;{{resize|90%|({{lang|id|Institut Seni Budaya Indonesia Tanah Papua|italic=no}})}}<br /> | ISBI Tanah Papua<br /> | 2014<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flag|Papua}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Jayapura]]<br /> | <br /> | [http://isbi-tanahpapua.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 013<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''[[Kalimantan Institute of Technology]]'''&lt;br&gt;{{resize|90%|({{lang|id|Institut Teknologi Kalimantan|italic=no}})}}<br /> | ITK<br /> | 2014<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flag|East Kalimantan}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Balikpapan]]&lt;br&gt;{{small|{{coord|1|09|01.5|S|116|51|39.2|E|name=Kalimantan Institute of Technology|}}}}<br /> | B<br /> | [http://www.itk.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 014<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''[[Sumatera Institute of Technology]]'''&lt;br&gt;{{resize|90%|({{lang|id|Institut Teknologi Sumatera|italic=no}})}}<br /> | ITERA<br /> | 2014<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flag|Lampung}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[South Lampung Regency|South Lampung]]<br /> | {{small|Good}}<br /> | [http://www.itera.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 015<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''Habibie Institute of Technology'''&lt;br&gt;{{resize|90%|({{lang|id|Institut Teknologi Bacharuddin Jusuf Habibie|italic=no}})}}<br /> | ITH<br /> | 2014<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flag|South Sulawesi}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Parepare]]<br /> | <br /> | [http://www.ith.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Public polytechnics===<br /> Currently, there are 44 Public Polytechnics in Indonesia. They consist of 1 Electronic Engineering Polytechnic, 2 Manufacturing Polytechnics, 1 Maritime Polytechnic, 1 Fishery Polytechnic, 1 Shipbuilding Polytechnic, 4 Agricultural Polytechnics, and 34 &quot;general&quot; Polytechnics.<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! PT Code&lt;br /&gt;{{small|005-}}<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Abbrev.<br /> ! Founding Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Accred.<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 001<br /> | '''Bandung Polytechnic for Manufacturing'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Manufaktur Bandung''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLMAN<br /> | 1977, 24 March<br /> | [[Bandung]], [[West Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.polman-bandung.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 002<br /> | '''[[Jakarta State Polytechnic]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Jakarta''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| PNJ<br /> | 1982, 22 September<br /> | [[Depok]], [[West Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.pnj.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 003<br /> | '''Medan State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Medan''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLMED<br /> | 1982, 20 September<br /> | [[Medan]], [[North Sumatra]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.polmed.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 004<br /> | '''Bandung State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Bandung''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLBAN<br /> | 1979, 27 January<br /> | [[Bandung]], [[West Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.polban.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 005<br /> | '''Semarang State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Semarang''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLINES<br /> | 1982, 6 August<br /> | [[Semarang]], [[Central Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| A<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.polines.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 006<br /> | '''[[Sriwijaya State Polytechnics|Sriwijaya State Polytechnic]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLSRI<br /> | 1982, 20 September<br /> | [[Palembang]], [[South Sumatra]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.polsri.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 007<br /> | '''Lampung State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Lampung''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLINELA<br /> | 1984, 7 April<br /> | [[Bandar Lampung]], [[Lampung]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.polinela.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 008<br /> | '''Ambon State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Ambon''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLNAM<br /> | 1987, 5 October<br /> | [[Ambon, Maluku|Ambon]], [[Maluku (province)]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.polnam.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 009<br /> | '''[[Padang State Polytechnic]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Padang''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| PNP<br /> | 1985, 12 March<br /> | [[Padang, Indonesia|Padang]], [[West Sumatra]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.pnp.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 010<br /> | '''Bali State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Bali''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| PNB<br /> | 1985, 3 December<br /> | [[Kuta]], [[Bali]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.pnb.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 011<br /> | '''Pontianak State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Pontianak''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLNEP<br /> | 1985, 3 December<br /> | [[Pontianak, Indonesia|Pontianak]], [[West Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.polnep.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 012<br /> | '''Ujung Pandang State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Ujung Pandang''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| PNUP<br /> | 1987, 10 May<br /> | [[Makassar]], [[South Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.poliupg.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 013<br /> | '''Manado State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Manado''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLIMDO<br /> | 1987, 9 November<br /> | [[Manado]], [[North Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.polimdo.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 014<br /> | '''[[Surabaya Shipbuilding State Polytechnic]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Perkapalan Negeri Surabaya''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| PPNS<br /> | 1987, 17 September&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://jdih.kemdikbud.go.id/arsip/permendikbud_tahun2014_nomor042.pdf |title= PERATURAN MENTERI PENDIDIKAN DAN KEBUDAYAAN REPUBLIK INDONESIA |date=2014 |website=jdih.kemdikbud.go.id |access-date=2021-04-05}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | [[Surabaya]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| A<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.ppns.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 015<br /> | '''Banjarmasin State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Banjarmasin''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLIBAN<br /> | 1987, 13 July<br /> | [[Banjarmasin]], [[South Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;width:1%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://www.poliban.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 016<br /> | '''Lhokseumawe State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Lhokseumawe''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| PNL<br /> | 1987, 5 October<br /> | [[Lhokseumawe]], [[Aceh]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.pnl.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 017<br /> | '''Kupang State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Kupang''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| PNK<br /> | 1985, 11 March<br /> | [[Kupang]], [[East Nusa Tenggara]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.pnk.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 018<br /> | '''[[Electronic Engineering Polytechnic Institute of Surabaya]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Elektronika Negeri Surabaya''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| PENS<br /> | 1986, 29 May<br /> | [[Surabaya]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| A<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.pens.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 019<br /> | '''Jember State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Jember''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLIJE<br /> | 1988, 29 October<br /> | [[Jember]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.polije.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 020<br /> | '''Pangkajene Kepulauan State Polytechnic for Agriculture'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Pertanian Negeri Pangkajene Kepulauan''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLIPANGKEP<br /> | 1990, 9 September<br /> | [[Pangkajene and Islands Regency|Pangkep]], [[South Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.politanipangkep.com/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 021<br /> | '''Kupang State Agricultural Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Pertanian Negeri Kupang''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLITANIKOE<br /> | 1984, 7 April<br /> | [[Kupang]], [[East Nusa Tenggara]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[https://politanikoe.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 022<br /> | '''Tual State Polytechnic for Fisheries'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Perikanan Negeri Tual''}} <br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLIKANT<br /> | 1997, 18 July<br /> | [[Tual]], [[Maluku (province)|Maluku]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.polikant.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 023<br /> | '''Malang State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Malang''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLINEMA<br /> | 1979, 27 January<br /> | [[Malang]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.polinema.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 024<br /> | '''Samarinda State Agricultural Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Pertanian Negeri Samarinda''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLITANI Samarinda<br /> | 1997, 28 April<br /> | [[Samarinda]], [[East Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.politanisamarinda.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 025<br /> | '''Payakumbuh State Agricultural Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Pertanian Negeri Payakumbuh''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| PPNP<br /> | 1989, 6 February<br /> | [[Payakumbuh]], [[West Sumatra]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [https://politanipyk.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 026<br /> | '''Samarinda State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Samarinda''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLNES<br /> | 1985, 3 December<br /> | [[Samarinda]], [[East Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.polnes.ac.id/]<br /> |- <br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 027<br /> | '''Creative Media State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Media Kreatif''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLIMEDIA<br /> | 2008, 8 October <br /> | [[Jakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.polimedia.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 028<br /> | '''Bangka Belitung State Polytechnic for Manufacturing'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Manufaktur Negeri Bangka Belitung''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLMANBABEL<br /> | 2010, 18 October<br /> | [[Sungailiat]], [[Bangka Belitung Islands]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [https://www.polman-babel.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 029<br /> | '''Batam State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Batam''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLIBATAM<br /> | 2010, 18 October<br /> | [[Batam]], [[Riau Islands]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[https://www.polibatam.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 030<br /> | '''Nusa Utara State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Nusa Utara''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLNUSTAR<br /> | 2011, 22 June<br /> | [[Tahuna, Indonesia|Tahuna]], [[North Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [https://www.polnustar.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 031<br /> | '''Bengkalis State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Bengkalis''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLBENG<br /> | 2011, 29 July<br /> | [[Bengkalis Regency|Bengkalis]], [[Riau]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.polbeng.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 032<br /> | '''Balikpapan State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Balikpapan''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLTEKBA<br /> | 2011, 9 September<br /> | [[Balikpapan]], [[East Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://poltekba.ac.id/website/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 033<br /> | '''Madura State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Madura''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLTERA<br /> | 2012<br /> | [[Sampang Regency|Sampang]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.poltera.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 034<br /> | '''Indonesia Maritime State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Maritim Negeri Indonesia''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLIMARIN<br /> | 2012, 19 September<br /> | [[Semarang]], [[Central Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [https://polimarin.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 035<br /> | '''Banyuwangi State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Banyuwangi''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLIWANGI<br /> | 2008<br /> | [[Banyuwangi Regency|Banyuwangi]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [https://www.poliwangi.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 036<br /> | '''Madiun State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Madiun''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| PNM<br /> | 2012, 30 October<br /> | [[Madiun]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.pnm.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 037<br /> | '''Fakfak State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Fakfak''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLINEF<br /> | 2012<br /> | [[Fakfak]], [[West Papua (province)|West Papua]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [https://polinef.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 038<br /> | '''Sambas State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Sambas''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLTESA<br /> | 2007<br /> | [[Sambas Regency|Sambas]], [[West Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [https://poltesa.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 039<br /> | '''Tanah Laut State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Tanah Laut''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLITALA<br /> | 2009, 25 September<br /> | [[Tanah Laut Regency|Tanah Laut]], [[South Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.politala.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 040<br /> | '''Subang State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Subang''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLSUB<br /> | 2014, 1 April<br /> | [[Subang Regency|Subang]], [[West Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [https://www.polsub.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 041<br /> | '''Ketapang State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Ketapang''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLITAP<br /> | 2006<br /> | [[Ketapang]], [[West Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [https://politap.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 042<br /> | '''Cilacap State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Cilacap''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| PNC<br /> | 2014, 3 October<br /> | [[Cilacap Regency|Cilacap]], [[Central Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[https://pnc.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 043<br /> | '''Indramayu State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Indramayu''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLINDRA<br /> | 2008, 8 July&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://docplayer.info/50205964-Peraturan-menteri-riset-teknologi-dan-pendidikan-tinggi-republik-indonesia-nomor-70-tahun-2016-tentang-statuta-politeknik-negeri-indramayu.html|title=PERATURAN MENTERI RISET, TEKNOLOGI, DAN PENDIDIKAN TINGGI REPUBLIK INDONESIA NOMOR 70 TAHUN 2016 TENTANG STATUTA POLITEKNIK NEGERI INDRAMAYU - PDF Free Download|website=docplayer.info}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | [[Indramayu Regency|Indramayu]], [[West Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;width:1%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://www.polindra.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 044<br /> | '''Nunukan State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Nunukan''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| PNN<br /> | 2014, 8 October<br /> | [[Nunukan Regency|Nunukan]], [[North Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> <br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[https://www.pnn.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Public community colleges===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! PT Code&lt;br /&gt;{{small|006-}}<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Abbrev.<br /> ! Founding Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Accred.<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 001<br /> | '''State Community College of Pacitan'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Akademi Komunitas Negeri Pacitan''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| AKN Pacitan<br /> | 2013, 11 October<br /> | [[Pacitan Regency|Pacitan]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://aknpacitan.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 002<br /> | '''State Community College of Putra Sang Fajar Blitar'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Akademi Komunitas Negeri Putra Sang Fajar Blitar''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| AKB<br /> | 2014, 17 October<br /> | [[Blitar]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.akb.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 003<br /> | '''State Community College of West Aceh'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Akademi Komunitas Negeri Aceh Barat''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| AKN Aceh Barat<br /> | 2014, 17 October<br /> | [[West Aceh Regency|West Aceh]], [[Aceh]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.aknacehbarat.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 004<br /> | '''State Community College of Rejang Lebong'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Akademi Komunitas Negeri Rejang Lebong''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| AKREL<br /> | 2018, 4 April<br /> | [[Rejang Lebong Regency|Rejang Lebong]], [[Bengkulu]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.akrel.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 005<br /> | '''State Community College of Arts and Culture Yogyakarta'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Akademi Komunitas Negeri Seni dan Budaya Yogyakarta''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| AKNSB Yogyakarta<br /> | 2020<br /> | [[Bantul Regency|Bantul]], [[Special Region of Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.aknyogya.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Public Religious higher education institutions==<br /> Public religious higher education institutions (PTKN) are under the responsibility of the [[Ministry of Religious Affairs (Indonesia)|Ministry of Religious Affairs]]. Technically and academically, the development of state religious universities is carried out by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia (Kemdikbudristek), while functionally it is carried out by the Ministry of Religion, all covering the five recognized religions in Indonesia, but not including Confucianism. There are three types of higher education institutions in the Muslim category, Public Islamic Universities (UIN), Public Islamic Institutes (IAIN), and Public Islamic Colleges (STAIN). Public Christian Institutes (IAKN) and Public Protestant Christian Colleges (STAKPN) in the Protestant Christian category. Public Catholic Colleges (STAKATN) in the Catholic category. Public Hindu Universities (UHN), Public Hindu Institutes (IAHN), and Public Hindu Colleges (STAHN) in the Hindu category. Public Buddhist Colleges (STABN) in the Buddhist category.<br /> <br /> '''''Public Islamic higher education institutions'''''<br /> <br /> ===Public Islamic Universities===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! PT Code&lt;br /&gt;{{small|201-}}<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Abbrev.<br /> ! Founding Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Accred.<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 001<br /> | '''[[Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University Jakarta|State Islamic University of Syarif Hidayatullah]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UIN Jakarta<br /> | 1957, 1 June&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''Akademi Dinas Ilmu Agama'')}}<br /> | [[South Tangerang]], [[Tangerang]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uinjkt.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 002<br /> | '''[[Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University|State Islamic University of Sunan Kalijaga]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Kalijaga''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UIN Suka<br /> | 1951, 26 September&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Sunan Kalijaga'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2004, June 21&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Sleman Regency|Sleman]], [[Special Region of Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uin-suka.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 003<br /> | '''[[Maulana Malik Ibrahim State Islamic University Malang|State Islamic University of Maulana Malik Ibrahim]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UIN Malang<br /> | 1957, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2004, June 21&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Malang]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uin-malang.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 004<br /> | '''[[Sunan Gunung Djati State Islamic University Bandung|State Islamic University of Sunan Gunung Djati]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Gunung Djati''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UIN Bandung<br /> | 1968, 8 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Sunan Gunung Djati'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2005, 10 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Bandung]], [[West Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uinsgd.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 005<br /> | '''[[Sultan Syarif Kasim II State Islamic University|State Islamic University of Sultan Syarif Kasim]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Syarif Kasim''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UIN Suska<br /> | 1970, 19 September&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Sulthan Syarif Qasim'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2005, 4 January&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Pekanbaru]], [[Riau]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uin-suska.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 006<br /> | '''[[Alauddin Islamic State University|State Islamic University of Alauddin]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UIN Alauddin<br /> | 1965, 28 October<br /> | [[Makassar]], [[South Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uin-alauddin.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 007<br /> | '''[[Sunan Ampel State Islamic University Surabaya|State Islamic University of Sunan Ampel]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Ampel''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UINSA<br /> | 1965&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Sunan Ampel'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2013, 1 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Surabaya]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uinsby.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 008<br /> | '''[[State Islamic University of North Sumatra]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UINSU<br /> | 1973, 19 November&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Sumatera Utara'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2014, 17 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Medan]], [[North Sumatra]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uinsu.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 009<br /> | '''[[Raden Fatah State Islamic University|State Islamic University of Raden Fatah]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Fatah''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UIN Palembang<br /> | 1964, 13 November&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Raden Fatah'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2014, 17 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Palembang]], [[South Sumatra]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://radenfatah.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 010<br /> | '''[[Walisongo State Islamic University|State Islamic University of Walisongo]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UIN Walisongo<br /> | 1970, 6 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Walisongo'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2013, 1 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Semarang]], [[Central Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| A<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://walisongo.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 011<br /> | '''[[Ar-Raniry State Islamic University|State Islamic University of Ar-Raniry]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UINAR<br /> | 1960&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Ar-Raniry'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2013, 1 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(s current university)}}<br /> | [[Banda Aceh]], [[Aceh]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://ar-raniry.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 012<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Sultan Maulana Hasanuddin'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Maulana Hasanuddin''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UIN Banten<br /> | 2017, 7 April<br /> | [[Serang]], [[Banten]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uinbanten.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 013<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Imam Bonjol'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Imam Bonjol''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UINIB<br /> | 1966, 29 November&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Imam Bonjol'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2017, 7 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Padang]], [[West Sumatra]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uinib.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 014<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Raden Intan'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Intan''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UINRIL<br /> | 1968, 26 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Raden Intan'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2017, 3 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Bandar Lampung]], [[Lampung]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://radenintan.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 015<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Mataram'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Mataram''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UIN Mataram<br /> | 1966&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Mataram'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2017, 7 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Mataram (city)|Mataram]], [[West Nusa Tenggara]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uinmataram.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 016<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Sultan Thaha Saifuddin'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Thaha Saifuddin''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UINSTS<br /> | 1967, 8 September&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Sultan Thaha Saifuddin'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2017, 7 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Jambi (city)]], [[Jambi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uinjambi.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 017<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Antasari'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Antasari''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UIN Antasari<br /> | 1964, 20 November&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Antasari'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2017, 3 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Banjarmasin]], [[South Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uin-antasari.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 018<br /> | '''International Islamic University of Indonesia'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Internasional Indonesia''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UIII<br /> | 2016, 29 June<br /> | [[Depok]], [[West Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uii.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 019<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Sayyid Ali Rahmatullah'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Sayyid Ali Rahmatullah''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UIN Satu<br /> | 2021, 11 May<br /> | [[Tulungagung Regency|Tulungagung]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uinsatu.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 020<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Professor Kiai Haji Saifuddin Zuhri'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Profesor Kiai Haji Saifuddin Zuhri''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UIN Saizu<br /> | 1997, 21 Maret&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Purwokerto'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2014&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Purwokerto'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2021, 11 May&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Purwokerto]], [[Central Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uinsaizu.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 021<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Raden Mas Said'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Mas Said''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UIN Surakarta<br /> | 1992, 12 September&lt;br /&gt;1997&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Surakarta'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2011&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Surakarta'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2021, 11 May&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Surakarta]], [[Central Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uinsaid.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 022<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Sultan Aji Muhammad Idris'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Aji Muhammad Idris''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UINSI<br /> | 1997, 21 Maret&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Samarinda'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2014&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Samarinda'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2021, 11 May&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Samarinda]], [[East Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uinsi.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 023<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Kiai Haji Achmad Siddiq'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Kiai Haji Achmad Siddiq''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UINKHAS<br /> | 1997, 21 Maret&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Jember'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2014&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Jember'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2021, 11 May&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Jember Regency|Jember]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uinkhas.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 024<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Fatmawati Sukarno'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Fatmawati Sukarno''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UINFAS<br /> | 1997, 21 Maret&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Bengkulu'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2014&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Bengkulu'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2021, 11 May&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Bengkulu (city)]], [[Bengkulu]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uinfasbengkulu.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 025<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Datokarama'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Datokarama''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UIN Palu<br /> | 1997, 21 Maret&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Datokarama'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2021, 8 July&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Palu]], [[Central Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [https://uindatokarama.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 026<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Mahmud Yunus'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Mahmud Yunus''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UIN Batusangkar<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Batusangkar'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2015, 23 December&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Batusangkar'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2022, 8 Juny&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Tanah Datar Regency|Tanah Datar]], [[West Sumatra]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uinmybatusangkar.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 027<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Sjech M. Djamil Djambek'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Sjech M. Djamil Djambek''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UIN Bukittinggi<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Bukittinggi'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2014, 18 December&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Bukittinggi'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2022, 8 Juny&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Bukittinggi]], [[West Sumatra]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [https://uinbukittinggi.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 028<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Kiai Haji Abdurrahman Wahid'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Kiai Haji Abdurrahman Wahid''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UIN Pekalongan<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Pekalongan'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2016, 1 August&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Pekalongan'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2022, 8 Juny&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Pekalongan]], [[Central Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uingusdur.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 029<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Syekh Ali Hasan Ahmad Addary'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Syekh Ali Hasan Ahmad Addary''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UIN Syahda<br /> | 1997, 21 Maret&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Padangsidimpuan'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2013, 30 July&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Padangsidimpuan'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2022, 8 Juny&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Padang Sidempuan]], [[North Sumatra]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uinsyahada.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 030<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Salatiga'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Salatiga''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UIN Salatiga<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Salatiga'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2014, 17 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Salatiga'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2022, 8 Juny&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Salatiga]], [[Central Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uinsalatiga.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 031<br /> | '''State Cyber Islamic University of Syekh Nurjati'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Siber Syekh Nurjati''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UINSSC<br /> | 1997, 21 Maret&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Cirebon'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2009, 10 November&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Syekh Nurjati'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2024&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Cirebon]], [[West Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://syekhnurjati.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Public Islamic Institutes===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! PT Code&lt;br /&gt;{{small|202-}}<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Abbrev.<br /> ! Founding Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Accred.<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 009<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Ambon'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Ambon''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| IAIN Ambon<br /> | 1997, 21 Maret&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Ambon'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2006, 9 December&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Ambon, Maluku|Ambon]], [[Maluku (province)|Maluku]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://iainambon.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 010<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Sultan Amai'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Sultan Amai''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| IAIN Gorontalo<br /> | 1997, 21 Maret&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Sultan Amai'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2004, 18 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Gorontalo (city)|Gorontalo]], [[Gorontalo]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://iaingorontalo.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 020<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Manado'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Manado''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| IAIN Manado<br /> | 1997, 30 June&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Manado'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2014, 17 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Manado]], [[North Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://iain-manado.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 021<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Palopo'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Palopo''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| IAIN Palopo<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Palopo'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2014, 17 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Palopo]], [[South Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://iainpalopo.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 022<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Sultan Qaimuddin'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Sultan Qaimuddin''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| IAIN Kendari<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Kendari'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2014, 17 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Kendari]], [[Southeast Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://iainkendari.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 024<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Ternate'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Ternate''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| IAIN Ternate<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Ternate'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2013, 30 July&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Ternate]], [[North Maluku]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://iain-ternate.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 025<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Zawiyah Cot Kala'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Zawiyah Cot Kala''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| IAIN Langsa<br /> | 1980, 14 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Langsa'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2014, 17 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Langsa]], [[Aceh]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://iainlangsa.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 026<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Palangka Raya'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Palangka Raya''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| IAIN Palangka Raya<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Pangka Raya'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2014, 17 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Palangka Raya]], [[Central Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://iain-palangkaraya.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 030<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Pontianak'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Pontianak''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| IAIN Pontianak<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Pontianak'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2013, 6 August&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Pontianak]], [[West Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://iainptk.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 033<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Metro'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Metro''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| IAIN Metro<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Jurai Siwo'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2016, 1 August&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Metro (city)|Metro]], [[Lampung]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://metrouniv.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 035<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Ponorogo'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Ponorogo''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| IAIN Ponorogo<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Ponorogo'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2016, 1 August&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Ponorogo]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://iainponorogo.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 036<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Kerinci'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Kerinci''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| IAIN Kerinci<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Kerinci'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2016, 1 August&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Kerinci Regency|Kerinci]], [[Jambi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://iainkerinci.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 037<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Lhokseumawe'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Lhokseumawe''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| IAIN Lhokseumawe<br /> | 2016, 1 August<br /> | [[Lhokseumawe]], [[Aceh]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://iainlhokseumawe.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 038<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Parepare'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Parepare''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| IAIN Parepare<br /> | 2008, 20 June&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Parepare'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2018, 5 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Parepare]], [[South Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://iainpare.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 039<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Curup'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Curup''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| IAIN Curup<br /> | 1997, 19 September&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Curup'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2018, 5 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Rejang Lebong Regency|Rejang Lebong]], [[Bengkulu]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://iainpare.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 040<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Fattahul Muluk'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Fattahul Muluk''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| IAIN Jayapura<br /> | 2006, 20 July&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Al-Fatah'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2018, 5 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Jayapura]], [[Papua (province)|Papua]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://iainfmpapua.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 041<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Kudus'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Kudus''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| IAIN Kudus<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Kudus'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2018, 5 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Kudus, Indonesia|Kudus]], [[Central Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://iainkudus.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 042<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Madura'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Madura''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| IAIN Madura<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Pamekasan'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2018, 5 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Pamekasan Regency|Pamekasan]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://iainmadura.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 043<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Syaikh Abdurrahman Siddik'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Syaikh Abdurrahman Siddik''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| IAIN Babel<br /> | 2004, 18 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Syaikh Abdurrahman Siddik'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2018, 5 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Bangka Regency|Bangka]], [[Bangka Belitung Islands]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://iainsasbabel.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 044<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Bone'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Bone''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| IAIN Bone<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Watampone'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2018, 5 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Bone Regency|Bone]], [[South Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://iain-bone.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 045<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Kediri'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Kediri''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| IAIN Kediri<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Kediri'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2018, 5 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Kediri (city)|Kediri]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://iainkediri.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 046<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Sorong'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Sorong''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| IAIN Sorong<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Sorong'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2020, 20 February&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Sorong]], [[West Papua (province)|West Papua]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://iainsorong.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 047<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Takengon'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Takengon''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| IAIN Takengon<br /> | 2012, 25 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Gajah Putih'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2020, 28 February&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Central Aceh Regency|Central Aceh]], [[Aceh]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://iain-takengon.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Public Islamic Colleges===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! PT Code&lt;br /&gt;{{small|203-}}<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Abbrev.<br /> ! Founding Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Accred.<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 034<br /> | '''State Islamic College of Teungku Dirundeng Meulaboh'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Negeri Teungku Dirundeng Meulaboh''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| STAIN Meulaboh<br /> | 2014, 19 September<br /> | [[West Aceh Regency|West Aceh]], [[Aceh]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://staindirundeng.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 035<br /> | '''State Islamic College of Bengkalis'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Negeri Bengkalis''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| STAIN Bengkalis<br /> | 2014, 19 September<br /> | [[Bengkalis Regency|Bengkalis]], [[Riau]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://kampusmelayu.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 036<br /> | '''State Islamic College of Majene'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Negeri Majene''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| STAIN Majene<br /> | 2016, 31 August<br /> | [[Majene Regency|Majene]], [[West Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://stainmajene.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 037<br /> | '''State Islamic College of Mandailing Natal'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Negeri Mandailing Natal''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| STAIN Madina<br /> | 2019, 25 January<br /> | [[Mandailing Natal Regency|Mandailing Natal]], [[North Sumatra]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://stain-madina.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 038<br /> | '''State Islamic College of Sultan Abdurrahman'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Negeri Sultan Abdurrahman Kepulauan Riau''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| STAIN Kepri<br /> | 2017, 13 March<br /> | [[Bintan Regency|Bintan]], [[Riau Islands]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://stainkepri.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> '''''Public Christian higher education institutions'''''<br /> <br /> === Public Christian Institutes ===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! PT Code&lt;br/&gt;{{small|222-}}<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Abbrev.<br /> ! data-sort-type=&quot;date&quot; | Founding Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Acred.&lt;ref name=&quot;banpt&quot; /&gt;<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |Link<br /> |-<br /> | 001<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''State Christian Institute of Tarutung'''<br /> {{small|''Institut Agama Kristen Negeri Tarutung''}}<br /> | IAKN Tarutung<br /> | 1 March 2018<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[North Sulawesi]]<br /> | Good<br /> | [http://iakntarutung.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 002<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''State Christian Institute of Manado'''<br /> {{small|''Institut Agama Kristen Negeri Manado''}}<br /> | IAKN Manado<br /> | 1 March 2018<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[North Sulawesi]]<br /> | Good<br /> | [https://iaknmanado.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 003<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''State Christian Institute of Ambon'''<br /> {{small|''Institut Agama Kristen Negeri Ambon''}}<br /> | IAKN Ambon<br /> | 1 March 2018<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Maluku (province)|Maluku]]<br /> | B<br /> | [https://iaknmanado.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 004<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''State Christian Institute of Toraja'''<br /> {{small|''Institut Agama Kristen Negeri Toraja''}}<br /> | IAKN Toraja<br /> | 23 January 2020<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[South Sulawesi]]<br /> | Good<br /> | [http://iakntoraja.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 005<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''State Christian Institute of Kupang'''<br /> {{small|''Institut Agama Kristen Negeri Kupang''}}<br /> | IAKN Kupang<br /> | 23 January 2020<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[East Nusa Tenggara]]<br /> | Good<br /> | [http://www.iaknkupang.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 006<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''State Christian Institute of Palangka Raya'''<br /> {{small|''Institut Agama Kristen Negeri Palangka Raya''}}<br /> | IAKN Palangka Raya<br /> | 23 January 2020<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Central Kalimantan]]<br /> | <br /> | [http://www.iaknkupang.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === Public Protestant Christian Colleges===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! PT Code&lt;br/&gt;{{small|223-}}<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Abbrev.<br /> ! data-sort-type=date| Founding Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Acred.&lt;ref name=&quot;banpt&quot;/&gt;<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | 006<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|'''State Protestant Christian College of Sentani'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Sekolah Tinggi Agama Kristen Protestan Negeri Sentani''}}<br /> | STAKPN Sentani<br /> | 10 April 2001<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Papua (province)|Papua]]<br /> | Good<br /> | [http://stakpnsentani.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Public Catholic Colleges===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! PT Code&lt;br/&gt;{{small|263-}}<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Abbrev.<br /> ! data-sort-type=date| Founding Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Acred.&lt;ref name=&quot;banpt&quot;/&gt;<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | 001<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|'''State Catholic College of Pontianak'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Sekolah Tinggi Agama Katolik Negeri Pontianak''}}<br /> | STAKATN Pontianak<br /> | 6 April 2017<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[West Kalimantan]]<br /> | Good<br /> | [http://www.stakatnptk.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> '''''Public Hindu higher education institutions'''''<br /> <br /> ===Public Hindu Universities===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! PT Code&lt;br/&gt;{{small|241-}}<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Abbrev.<br /> ! data-sort-type=date| Founding Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Acred.&lt;ref name=&quot;banpt&quot;/&gt;<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | 001<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|'''State Hindu University of I Gusti Bagus Sugriwa'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Hindu Negeri I Gusti Bagus Sugriwa''}}<br /> | UHN Sugriwara<br /> | 23 January 2020<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Bali]]<br /> | Very Good<br /> | [http://www.stakatnptk.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Public Hindu Institutes===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! PT Code&lt;br/&gt;{{small|242-}}<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Abbrev.<br /> ! data-sort-type=date| Founding Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Acred.&lt;ref name=&quot;banpt&quot;/&gt;<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | 002<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|'''State Hindu Institute of Tampung Penyang'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Hindu Negeri Tampung Penyang''}}<br /> | IAHN TP<br /> | 6 September 1986<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Central Kalimantan]]<br /> | Good<br /> | [https://iahntp.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 003<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|'''State Hindu Institute of Gde Pudja'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Hindu Negeri Gde Pudja''}}<br /> | IAHN Gde Pudja<br /> | 11 July 2001<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[West Nusa Tenggara]]<br /> | Good<br /> | [https://iahn-gdepudja.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Public Hindu Colleges===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! PT Code&lt;br/&gt;{{small|243-}}<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Abbrev.<br /> ! data-sort-type=date| Founding Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Acred.&lt;ref name=&quot;banpt&quot;/&gt;<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | 008<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|'''State Hindu College of Mpu Kuturan'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Sekolah Tinggi Agama Hindu Negeri Mpu Kuturan''}}<br /> | STAHN Mpu Kuturan<br /> | 21 March 2016<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Bali]]<br /> | Very Good<br /> | [http://www.stakatnptk.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> '''''Public Buddhist higher education institutions'''''<br /> <br /> ===Public Buddhist Colleges===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! PT Code&lt;br/&gt;{{small|242-}}<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Abbrev.<br /> ! data-sort-type=date| Founding Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Acred.&lt;ref name=&quot;banpt&quot;/&gt;<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | 001<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|'''State Buddhist College of Sriwijaya'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Sekolah Tinggi Agama Buddha Negeri Sriwijaya''}}<br /> | STABN Sriwijaya<br /> | 20 May 2002<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Banten]]<br /> | B<br /> | [https://iahntp.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 002<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|'''State Buddhist College of Raden Wijaya'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Sekolah Tinggi Agama Buddha Negeri Raden Wijaya''}}<br /> | STABN Raden Wijaya<br /> | 25 January 2007<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Central Java]]<br /> | B<br /> | [https://iahn-gdepudja.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Service higher education institutions ==<br /> Service higher education institutions are higher education institution that are under the auspices of government institutions (ministries) as education providers with a civil service bond or cadreship system.<br /> <br /> === Ministry of Home Affairs ===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! PT Code&lt;br /&gt;{{small|342-}}<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Abbrev.<br /> ! data-sort-type=&quot;date&quot; | Founding Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Acred.&lt;ref name=&quot;banpt&quot; /&gt;<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |Link<br /> |-<br /> | 001<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|'''Institute of Home Affairs'''&lt;br/&gt;&lt;small&gt;Institut Pemerintahan Dalam Negeri&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | IPDN<br /> | 1956<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | [[West Java]]<br /> | Very Good<br /> | [https://ipdn.ac.id]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources ===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! PT Code&lt;/br&gt;{{small|355-}}<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Abbrev.<br /> ! data-sort-type=&quot;date&quot; | Founding Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Acred.&lt;ref name=&quot;banpt&quot; /&gt;<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |Link<br /> |-<br /> | 001<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |'''Akamigas Energy and Mineral Polytechnic'''<br /> &lt;small&gt;Politeknik Energi dan Mineral Akamigas&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | PEM AKAMIGAS<br /> | 1967<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | [[Central Java]]<br /> | B<br /> | [https://www.akamigas.ac.id]<br /> |-<br /> | 002<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |'''Bandung Energy and Mining Polytechnic'''<br /> &lt;small&gt;Politeknik Energi dan Pertambangan Bandung&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | PEP BANDUNG<br /> | 2019<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | [[West Java]]<br /> | B<br /> | [https://pepbandung.ac.id]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Private universities==<br /> These notable private universities are owned, funded and managed by private organizations, including those affiliated with Islamic ([[Muhammadiyah]]), Catholic or Christian socio-religious organizations.<br /> <br /> ===Jakarta===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Name in English !!style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Name in Indonesian !!style=&quot;width:5%;&quot;|Acronym !!style=&quot;width:5%;&quot;|Foundation !! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; style=&quot;width:5%;&quot; |Reference !!style=&quot;width:15%;&quot;|Website<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Al-Azhar University of Indonesia]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Al-Azhar Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UAI<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1960<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.uai.ac.id/|title= Official website |website=uai.ac.id|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230105043930/http://www.uai.ac.id/ |access-date=2023-01-05|archive-date= 2023-01-05 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.uai.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Asian Banking Finance and Informatic Institute Perbanas<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|STIE Perbanas <br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|ABFI-PERBANAS<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1969<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.perbanasinstitute.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Katolik Atma Jaya<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|STMIK Jakarta STI&amp;K<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1960<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;|{{url|http://www.atmajaya.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Bakrie University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Bakrie<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| UB<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|2006<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bakrie.ac.id/en/|title=Experience The Real Things &amp;#124; Universitas Bakrie|website=Bakrie.ac.id}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.bakrie.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Binus University|Bina Nusantara University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Bina Nusantara<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|Binus University<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1985<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.binus.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Bina Sarana Informatika|Bina Sarana Informatika University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Bina Sarana Informatika<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UBSI<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1988<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.bsi.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Borobudur University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Borobudur<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1982<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.universitasborobudur.ac.id/|title= Official website |website=Universitasborobudur.ac.id|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110609043930/http://www.universitasborobudur.ac.id/ |access-date=2021-04-05|archive-date= 2011-06-09 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.universitasborobudur.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Budi Luhur University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Budi Luhur<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UBL<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1979<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://pendaftaran.budiluhur.ac.id/|title=Beranda &amp;#124; PMB ONLINE Universitas Budi Luhur - Kampus Cerdas Berbudi Luhur|website=pendaftaran.budiluhur.ac.id}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.budiluhur.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Universitas Kristen Indonesia|Christian University of Indonesia]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Kristen Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UKI<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1953<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.uki.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Darma Persada University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Darma Persada<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNSADA<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1986<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.unsada.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;| Dian Nusantara University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Dian Nusantara<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNDIRA<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=id&amp;u=https://undira.ac.id/&amp;prev=search&amp;pto=aue|title=Google Translate|website=translate.google.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;|{{URL|https://undira.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Esa Unggul University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Esa Unggul<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UEU<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1993<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.esaunggul.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Indonesia Institute for Life Science<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Institut Bio Scientia Internasional Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|i3L<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|2013<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://i3l.ac.id/info/|title=i3L Undergraduate Program - Speak To Our Admission Team|website=I3l.ac.id|access-date=5 April 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;|{{URL|http://www.i3L.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[YARSI University|Indonesia Islamic Hospital Foundation University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Yayasan Rumah Sakit Islam Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|YARSI<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1967<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.yarsi.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Indraprasta PGRI University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Indraprasta PGRI<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNINDRA<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1982<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.unindra.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Informatics Management and Computer University of Jakarta<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Sekolah Tinggi Manajemen Informatika dan Komputer Jakarta<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|STMIK<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|2000<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.jak-stik.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Jakarta Institute of Arts<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Institut Kesenian Jakarta<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|IKJ<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1970<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.ikj.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Telkom University Jakarta<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Telkom Jakarta<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|Tel-U<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|2023<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-03-14 |title=Universitas Telkom Jakarta {{!}} &quot;Creating the Future&quot; |url=https://jakarta.telkomuniversity.ac.id/ |access-date=2024-03-15 |website=jakarta.telkomuniversity.ac.id |language=id-ID}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|https://jakarta.telkomuniversity.ac.id/}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Krida Wacana Christian University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Kristen Krida Wacana<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UKRIDA<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1967<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.ukrida.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Mercu Buana University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Mercubuana<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMB<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1985<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://pendaftaran.mercubuana.ac.id/|title=Pendaftaran Mercu Buana|first=Pendaftaran Mercu|last=Buana|website=pendaftaran.mercubuana.ac.id}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.mercubuana.ac.id}} <br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Muhammadiyah University of Jakarta<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMJ<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1955<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.umj.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Universitas Nasional|National University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Nasional<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNAS<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1949<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.unas.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Nusantara Institute of Business<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Institut Bisnis Nusantara<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|IBN<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1986<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.ibn.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Pancasila University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Pancasila<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UP<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1966<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.univpancasila.ac.id/index.php|title= Official website |website=Univpancasila.ac.id|access-date=2021-04-05}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.univpancasila.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Paramadina University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Paramadina<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UPM/PARMAD<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1998<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.paramadina.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Persada Indonesia - Indonesia Administration Foundation University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Persada Indonesia Yayasan Administrasi Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UPI YAI<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1985<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.yai.ac.id/upi/|title= Official website |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20111123121651/http://www.yai.ac.id/upi/ |access-date=2021-04-05|archive-date= 2011-11-23 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.yai.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|PPM School of Management<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Pendidikan dan Pembinaan Manajemen<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|PPM<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1967<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://ppm-manajemen.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Prof. Dr. HAMKA Muhammadiyah University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof. Dr. HAMKA<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UHAMKA<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1960<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.uhamka.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Prof. Moestopo University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Prof. Moestopo (Beragama)<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1961<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.moestopo.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;| Raffles Institute of Higher Education<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Raffles Institute of Higher Education<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|Raffles@Citywalk<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|2009<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Respati University of Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Respati Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|URINDO<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1978<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.urindo.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Sahid University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Sahid<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|USAHID<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1988<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://usahid.ac.id/|title= Official website |website=usahid.ac.id/|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150624021223/http://usahid.ac.id/ |access-date=2021-04-05|archive-date= 2015-06-24 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://usahid.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Tarumanagara University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Tarumanagara<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNTAR<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1962<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.tarumanagara.ac.id/|title= Official website |website=Tarumanagara.ac.id|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090427063641/http://www.tarumanagara.ac.id/ |access-date=2021-04-05|archive-date= 2009-04-27 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Trisakti University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Trisakti<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|USAKTI<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1965<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.trisakti.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[University of Bunda Mulia]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Bunda Mulia<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UBM<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1986<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.ubm.ac.id}}<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Banten===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[BINUS University Alam Sutera Main Campus]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Bina Nusantara Kampus Alam Sutera<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|BINUS<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2010<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Tangerang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.binus.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[International University Liaison Indonesia]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Lintas Internasional Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|IULI<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2014<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Tangerang]] <br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.iuli.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Multimedia Nusantara University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Media Nusantara<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNIMEDIA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2006<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|Gading [[Tangerang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.unimedia.ac.id/|title= Official website |website=Unimedia.ac.id|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110521140715/http://www.unimedia.ac.id/ |access-date=2021-04-05|archive-date= 2011-05-21 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Pamulang University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Pamulang<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNPAM<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2000<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[South Tangerang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://unpam.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Pelita Harapan University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Pelita Harapan<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UPH<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1993<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Karawaci, Tangerang|Karawaci]], [[Tangerang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.uph.edu/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Perguruan Tinggi Raharja]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Perguruan Tinggi Raharja Tangerang<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|RAHARJA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1994<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Tangerang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.raharja.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Prasetiya Mulya University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Prasetiya Mulya<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|PMBS, Prasmul, PMSBE<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1982<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[South Tangerang]] and [[Jakarta]] <br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.pmsbe.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Serang Raya University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Serang Raya<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNSERA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2001<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Serang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.unsera.ac.id]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Surya University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Surya<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|SU<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2013<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Tangerang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.surya.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Swiss German University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Swiss German University<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|SGU<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2000<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[South Tangerang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.sgu.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Syech Yusuf Islamic University of Tangerang<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Islam Syekh Yusuf Tangerang<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNIS<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1966<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Tangerang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.unistangerang.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Technology Institute of Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Institut Teknologi Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|ITI<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1984<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Tangerang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.iti.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===West Java===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Bandung Islamic University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Islam Bandung<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNISBA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1958<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Bandung]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.unisba.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Djuanda University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Djuanda<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNIDA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1987<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Bogor]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.unida.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Gunadarma University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Gunadarma<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|GUNDAR<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1981<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Depok]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.gunadarma.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; | [[Horizon University Indonesia]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; | Universitas Horizon Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; | HORIZONU<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; | 1991<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; | [[Karawang Regency|Karawang]]<br /> |[https://horizon.ac.id 22]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Ibn Khaldun University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Universitas Ibn Khaldun Bogor<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |UIKA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |1961<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bandung|Bogor]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.uika-bogor.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Indonesian Computer University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Universitas Komputer Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |UNIKOM<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |2001<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bandung]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.unikom.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Islamic 45 University of Bekasi<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Universitas Islam 45 Bekasi<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |UNISMA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |1982<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bekasi]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.unismabekasi.ac.id/]<br /> <br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Jayabaya University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Universitas Jayabaya<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |UJ<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |1958<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bogor]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.jayabaya.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |General Achmad Yani University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |UNJANI<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |1974<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Cimahi]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.unjani.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Langlangbuana University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Universitas Langlangbuana<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |UNLA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |1982<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bandung]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.unla.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |[[Maranatha Christian University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Universitas Kristen Maranatha<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |UKM<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |1965<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bandung]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.maranatha.edu/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |[[National Institute of Technology (Indonesia)|National Institute of Technology]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Institut Teknologi Nasional<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |ITENAS<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |1972<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bandung]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.itenas.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Nusantara Islamic University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Universitas Islam Nusantara<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |UNINUS<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |1959<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bandung]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.uninus.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Pakuan University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Universitas Pakuan<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |UNPAK<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |1980<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bogor]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.unpak.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |[[Universitas Katolik Parahyangan|Parahyangan Catholic University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Universitas Katolik Parahyangan<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |UNPAR<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |1955<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bandung]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.unpar.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Pasundan University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Universitas Pasundan<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |UNPAS<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |1960<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bandung]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.unpas.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |[[President University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Universitas Presiden<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |PresUniv<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |2001<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bekasi Regency|Bekasi]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.president.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Technology College of Garut<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi Garut<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |STTG<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |1991<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Garut]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.sttgarut.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |[[Telkom University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Telkom University<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |Tel-U<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |2013<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bandung]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.telkomuniversity.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |[https://uniku.ac.id Universitas Kuningan]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Universitas Kuningan<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |UNIKU<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |2003<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Kuningan]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.uniku.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Widyatama University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Universitas Widyatama<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |Widyatama<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |1973<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bandung]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.widyatama.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Kesatuan Institute of Business and Informatics<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Institut Bisnis dan Informatika Kesatuan<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |IBIK<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |1953<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bogor]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.ibik.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |PASIM National University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Universitas Nasional PASIM<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; | UNAS PASIM<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; | 1996<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bandung]]<br /> |[https://pasim.ac.id/sejarah]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Sony Sugema College of Information Technology<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi Informatika Sony Sugema<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |STTI<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |2001<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bandung]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[https://sttiss.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Yogyakarta Special Region===<br /> {{main|List of universities in Yogyakarta}}<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Ahmad Dahlan University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Ahmad Dahlan<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UAD<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1960<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.uad.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[AKPRIND Institute of Science and Technology]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Institut Sains dan Teknologi AKPRIND<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|IST AKPRIND<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1970<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.akprind.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Atma Jaya University, Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Atmajaya Yogyakarta<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UAJY<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1965<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.uajy.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[University of Amikom Yogyakarta|College of Information Management and Computer Science AMIKOM Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|STMIK AMIKOM Yogyakarta<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|AMIKOM<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1992<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.amikom.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Duta Wacana Christian University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Kristen Duta Wacana<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UKDW<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1945<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.ukdw.ac.id/2009/id/ |title=Universitas Kristen Duta Wacana |access-date=2011-05-27 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110602061852/http://www.ukdw.ac.id/2009/id/ |archive-date=2011-06-02 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Islamic University of Indonesia]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Islam Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UII<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1945<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.uii.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Mercu Buana University, Yogyakarta<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Mercubuana Yogyakarta<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMBY<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1985<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://mercubuana-yogya.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Muhammadiyah University of Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMY<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1980<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.umy.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Sanata Dharma University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Sanata Dharma<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|USD<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1955<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.usd.ac.id/en]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Aisyiyah University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Aisyiyah<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNISA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1991<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://stikes-aisyiyah-jogja.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; | General Achmad Yani University of Yogyakarta<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; | Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani Yogyakarta<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; | UNJAYA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; | 2018<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; | [[Sleman Regency|Sleman]]<br /> |<br /> [https://unjaya.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Central Java===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Academy of Information and Computer Management PGRI]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Akademi Manajemen Informatika dan Komputer PGRI<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|AMIK PGRI<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1993<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Kebumen Regency|Kebumen]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.amik-kebumen.ac.id]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[:id:Universitas STEKOM|University of Computer Science &amp; Technology]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Sains &amp; Teknologi Komputer<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|Univ STEKOM<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2020<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Semarang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://stekom.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Amikom University of Purwokerto<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Amikom Purwokerto<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|AMPU<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2005<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Purwokerto]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://www.amikompurwokerto.ac.id Link]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[ATMI Polytechnic]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Politeknik ATMI<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|ATMI<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1968<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Surakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.atmi.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Dharma Patria Polytechnic]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Politeknik Dharma Patria<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|POLDA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2002<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Kebumen Regency|Kebumen]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.politeknik-kebumen.ac.id]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Dian Nuswantoro University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Dian Nuswantoro<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UDINUS<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2001<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Semarang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.dinus.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Muhammadiyah Institute of Technology]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi Muhammadiyah<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|STTM<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2001<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Kebumen Regency|Kebumen]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.sttm.ac.id]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Muhammadiyah University of Magelang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMMGL<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1964<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Magelang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Official website|url=https://www.amikompurwokerto.ac.id|access-date=2021-06-28|website=amikompurwokerto.ac.id}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Muhammadiyah University of Purwokerto<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwoketo<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMP<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1964<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Purwokerto]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.ump.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Muhammadiyah University of Purworejo<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Purworejo<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMP<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1964<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Purworejo]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.um-pwr.ac.id/|title= Official website |website=Um-pwr.ac.id|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100801064525/http://www.um-pwr.ac.id/ |access-date=2021-04-05|archive-date= 2010-08-01 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Muhammadiyah University of Semarang<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNIMUS<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1997<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Semarang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://unimus.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMS<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1960<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Surakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.ums.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Muria Kudus University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muria Kudus<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMK<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1982<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Kudus, Indonesia|Kudus]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.umk.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Nahdlatul Ulama Islamic Institute ]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Institut Agama Islam Nahdlatul Ulama<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|IAINU<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1987<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Kebumen Regency|Kebumen]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.iainu-kebumen.ac.id]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Nahdlatul Ulama Islamic University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Islam Nahdlatul Ulama<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNISNU<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1991<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Jepara]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.unisnu.ac.id]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Nahdlatul Ulama Ma'arif University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Ma'arif Nahdlatul Ulama<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMNU<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2014<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Kebumen Regency|Kebumen]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.umnu-kebumen.ac.id] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200620023217/http://umnu-kebumen.ac.id/ |date=2020-06-20 }}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Putra Bangsa University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Putra Bangsa<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UPB<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2001<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Kebumen Regency|Kebumen]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.stieputrabangsa.ac.id]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Qur'anic Science University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Sains Al Qur'an<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNSIQ<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1988<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Wonosobo Regency|Wonosobo]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.unsiq.ac.id]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Satya Wacana Christian University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UKSW<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1956<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Salatiga]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.uksw.edu/id/|title= Official website |website=Uksw.edu|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110529082944/http://www.uksw.edu/id/ |access-date=2021-04-05|archive-date= 2011-05-29 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Soegijapranata Catholic University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Katolik Soegijapranata<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1964<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Semarang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.unika.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Sultan Agung Islamic University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Universitas Islam Sultan Agung]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNISSULA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1962<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Semarang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://unissula.ac.id Link]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===East Java===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|17 August 1945 University Surabaya<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Surabaya<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNTAG<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1958<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Surabaya]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.untag-sby.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Bina Nusantara University Malang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Bina Nusantara Malang<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|BINUS Malang<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2015<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Malang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://binus.ac.id/malang/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Ciputra University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Ciputra<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UC<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2006<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Surabaya]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://ciputra.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Institute of Health Education<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Institut Ilmu Kesehatan<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|IIK<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1985<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Kediri (city)|Kediri]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.iik.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Kertanegara University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu ekonomi Kertanegara Malang<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|STIEKMA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1982<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Malang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.stiekma.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Muhammadiyah University of Gresik<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Gresik<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMG<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1987<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Gresik]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.umg.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Muhammadiyah University of Jember<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Jember<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|Unmuh Jember<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1987<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Jember]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Home: Muhammadiyah University of Jember |url=http://www.unmuhjember.ac.id/ |access-date=February 17, 2024 |website=www.unmuhjember.ac.id}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;| Muhammadiyah University of Malang<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMM<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1964<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Malang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.umm.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Muhammadiyah University of Sidoarjo<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMSIDA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1987<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Sidoarjo]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.umsida.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Muhammadiyah University of Surabaya<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|Unmuh Surabaya<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1964<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Surabaya]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.um-surabaya.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Pelita Harapan University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Pelita Harapan<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UPH<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1993<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Surabaya]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://www.uph.edu//]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Petra Christian University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Kristen Petra<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UKP<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1961<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Surabaya]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.petra.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[University of Surabaya]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Surabaya<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UBAYA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1966<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Surabaya]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.ubaya.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Widya Mandala Catholic University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Katolik Widya Mandala<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UKWMS / WM<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1960<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Surabaya]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.ukwms.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Wijaya Kusuma University, Surabaya]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Wijaya Kusuma Surabaya<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UWK<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1980<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Surabaya]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://uwks.ac.id//]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Wijaya Putra University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Wijaya Putra<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UWP<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1981<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Surabaya]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://uwp.ac.id//]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Telkom University Surabaya<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Telkom Surabaya<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|Tel-U<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;| 2023<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Surabaya]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://surabaya.telkomuniversity.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Kiai Haji Achmad Siddiq State Islamic University Jember]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Islam Negeri Kiai Haji Achmad Siddiq Jember<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UINKHAS<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1997<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Jember]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://stain-jember.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|PGRI MADIUN University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas PGRI MADIUN<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNIPMA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1976<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Madiun]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://ikippgri-madiun.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===North Sumatra===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[HKBP Nommensen University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas HKBP Nommensen<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;| UHN<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1954<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Medan]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://uhn.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Islamic University of North Sumatra<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Islam Sumatera Utara<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UISU<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1953<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Medan]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.uisu.ac.id/ |title= Official website |website=unismuh.ac.id|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20111019142806/http://www.uisu.ac.id/ |access-date=2021-04-05|archive-date= 2011-10-19 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Methodist University of Indonesia]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Methodist Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMI<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1965<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Medan]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.umi-mdn.edu/|title= Official website |website=unismuh.ac.id|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110517033030/http://www.umi-mdn.edu/ |access-date=2021-04-05|archive-date= 2011-05-17 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Royal College of Information and Computer Management]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Sekolah Tinggi Manajemen Informatika dan Komputer Royal<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;| STMIK Royal<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1995<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Kisaran]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://stmiktoyal.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Bengkulu===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Muhammadiyah University of Bengkulu<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Bengkulu<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMB<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1970<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Bengkulu]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.umb.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===South Sumatra===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Muhammadiyah University of Palembang<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Palembang<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMP<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1984<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Palembang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://umpalembang.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[University of Palembang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Palembang<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNPAL<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1982<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Palembang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://unpal.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Lampung===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Muhammadiyah University of Metro<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Metro<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UM Metro<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1991<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Metro, Indonesia]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.ummetro.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Raden Intan Lampung State Islamic University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Intan Lampung<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UINRIL<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1968<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Bandar Lampung]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://iainlampung.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===North Sulawesi===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[De La Salle University (Indonesia)|De La Salle Catholic University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Katolik De La Salle Manado<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2000<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Manado]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.unikadelasalle.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Klabat University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Klabat<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1965<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Manado]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Southeast Sulawesi===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Avicenna College of Health Sciences]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Avicenna<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|STIK Avicenna<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1965<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Kendari]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://stik-avicenna.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===South Sulawesi===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Christian University of Indonesia, Toraja<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Kristen Indonesia, Toraja<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UKIT<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1992<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Tana Toraja]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://ukitoraja.ac.id/webx/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|East Indonesia University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Indonesia Timur<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UIT<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2001<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Makassar]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Indonesia Education Board Management College<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Manajemen Lembaga Pendidikan Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|STIM LPI<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1980<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Makassar]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Indonesian Muslim University Makassar<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muslim Indonesia Makassar<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMI<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1954<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Makassar]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.umi.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Muhammadiyah University Makassar<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Makassar<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMM<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1963<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Makassar]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://unismuh.ac.id/web |title= Official website |website=unismuh.ac.id|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180204202714/http://unismuh.ac.id/web |access-date=2021-04-05|archive-date= 2018-02-04 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Republic of Indonesia Veteran University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Veteran Republik Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UVRI<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1977<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Makassar]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Bali===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Stenden University Bali]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Stenden University Bali<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|SUB<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2009<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Kuta Utara]] [[Badung]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[University of National Education]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Pendidikan Nasional<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNDIKNAS<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1969<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Denpasar]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Universitas Pendidikan Nasional – Undiknas Kampus Milenial |url=http://undiknas.ac.id/ |access-date=2024-02-17 |language=id-ID}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Warmadewa University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Warmadewa<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNWAR<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1983<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Denpasar]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Universitas Warmadewa {{!}} Bermutu, Berintegritas, Berwawasan Lingkungan Kepariwisataan |url=https://www.warmadewa.ac.id/ |access-date=2024-02-17 |website=warmadewa.ac.id}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===East Nusa Tenggara===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Artha Wacana Christian University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Kristen Artha Wacana<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UKAW<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1985<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Kupang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Universitas Kristen Artha Wacana |url=http://ukarthawacana.blogspot.com/ |access-date=2024-02-17 |website=ukarthawacana.blogspot.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===West Papua===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> |30%;&quot;|Muhammadiyah STKIP of Sorong<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|STKIP Muhammadiyah Sorong <br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|STKIP Muh Sorong<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2004<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Sorong (city)|Sorong]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.stkipmuhsorong.ac.id/ |title=Official website |website= www.stkipmuhsorong.ac.id|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180518200203/http://www.stkipmuhsorong.ac.id/ |access-date=2021-04-05|archive-date=2018-05-18 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Riau===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Nurul Hidayah Islamic College]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Nurul Hidayah<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|STAI<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2000<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Selat Panjang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://nurulhidayah.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===West Sumatra===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[National Teacher Training and Education College]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Sekolah Tinggi Keguruan Dan Ilmu Pendidikan Nasional<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|STKIP<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2009<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Padang Pariaman]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://stkip-nasional.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Other institutions==<br /> <br /> Institutions of higher education regulated by Indonesia's Ministry of National Education that are authorized to confer degrees, but without the status of universities include:<br /> <br /> * [[Astra Manufacturing Polytechnic]] (Polman), [[Jakarta]]<br /> * [[Indonesian State College of Accountancy]] (STAN), [[South Tangerang]]<br /> <br /> == Image gallery ==<br /> {{Gallery|File:ITB 1.jpg|alt4=Diponegoro University, Semarang|22=[[Udayana University]], [[Bali]]|23=File:Gate universitas andalas 02.jpg|24=[[Andalas University]], [[Padang]]|alt1=Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung|alt2=Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta|alt3=University of Indonesia, Jakarta|alt5=Airlangga University, Surabaya|20=[[Sebelas Maret University]], [[Surakarta]]|title=|alt6=University of Brawijaya, Malang|alt7=Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology, Surabaya|alt8=Bogor Agricultural Institute, Bogor|alt9=Padjadjaran University, Bandung|alt10=Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta|alt11=Udayana University, Bali|21=File:Udayana rectorate building.jpg|19=File:Sebelas Maret University entrance gate.JPG|[[Bandung Institute of Technology]], [[Bandung]]|9=File:Universitas Airlangga.jpg|File:Gedung Pusat (Rektorat) UGM.jpg|[[Gadjah Mada University]], [[Yogyakarta]]|File:No 18 Rektorat Universitas Indonesia.jpg|[[University of Indonesia]], [[Jakarta]]|File:Widya puraya undip.jpg|[[Diponegoro University]], [[Semarang]]|10=[[Airlangga University]], [[Surabaya]]|18=[[Padjadjaran University]], [[Bandung]]|11=File:MonumenTuguUB.jpg|12=[[University of Brawijaya]], [[Malang]]|13=File:Its library front.JPG|14=[[Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology]], [[Surabaya]]|15=File:BogorAgriculturalUniversityEntrance.jpg|16=[[IPB University|Bogor Agricultural Institute]], [[Bogor]]|17=File:Rectorate of University of Padjadjaran.jpg|alt12=Andalas University, Padang}}<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[Education in Indonesia]]<br /> * [[Seleksi Nasional Berdasarkan Tes|Test-Based National Selection]] (SNBT)<br /> * [[List of Indonesian agricultural universities and colleges]]<br /> * [[Union of Catholic University Students of the Republic of Indonesia]] (PMKRI)<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{notelist}}{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110512205214/http://kemdiknas.go.id/ Ministry of National Education of Indonesia]<br /> * [https://web.archive.org/web/20150923151942/http://ban-pt.kemdiknas.go.id/ National Accreditation Board for Higher Education]<br /> * [http://carikampus.com/ Social Indonesia University Listing]<br /> <br /> {{Universities in Indonesia|state=expanded}}<br /> {{Asia topic|List of universities in}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Universities In Indonesia}}<br /> [[Category:Universities in Indonesia|*]]<br /> [[Category:Indonesia education-related lists]]<br /> [[Category:Lists of universities and colleges in Asia|Indonesia]]<br /> [[Category:Lists of universities and colleges in Indonesia| ]]<br /> [[Category:Lists of universities and colleges by country|Indonesia]]<br /> <br /> [[id:Daftar perguruan tinggi di Indonesia]]<br /> [[jv:Dhaptar perguruan tinggi ing Indonésia]]</div> Xbypass https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_universities_in_Indonesia&diff=1240924832 List of universities in Indonesia 2024-08-18T08:33:58Z <p>Xbypass: /* Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources */</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|none}}<br /> {{Incomplete list|date=September 2011}}<br /> <br /> This is a '''list of [[University|universities]], colleges, polytechnics and other [[higher education in Indonesia]]'''.<br /> <br /> According to the former Directorate General of Higher Education (now part of the Ministry of Research, Technology, &amp; Higher Education), in 2022 there were 4,004 higher education institutions (3,820 private and 184 public).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Statistik Indonesia 2024 |url=https://www.bps.go.id/id/publication/2024/02/28/c1bacde03256343b2bf769b0/statistik-indonesia-2024.html |access-date=2024-03-02 |language=id-ID}}&lt;/ref&gt; Higher education in Indonesia offers, academic degrees, vocational degrees, and professional degrees. They are provided by the following types of institutions:<br /> <br /> * '''Community Academy''' provides vocational education for diploma one and/or diploma two programs in regencies/municipalities based on local excellence or to meet special needs.<br /> * '''Academy''', offers vocational education in a number of fields of common origin such as a military academy and nursing academy.<br /> * '''Polytechnic''', offers vocational education, and/or professional education in various fields<br /> * '''Specialised College''' (''Sekolah Tinggi''), offers academic education and can provide vocational and/or professional education in 1 (one) specific cluster<br /> * '''Institute''', offers academic education and can provide vocational and/or professional education in a number of fields of common origin (technological cluster for example)<br /> * '''University''', offers academic education, and can provide vocational education, and/or professional education in various fields<br /> <br /> There are several levels of degrees that can be achieved in higher education, which are split into six levels:<br /> <br /> * '''D1 - Ahli Pratama''' (A.P.) is a one year education program consisting of 32 credits and a final assignment in the form of practical work and scientific work reports. The title translates to &quot;Primary Expert&quot;.<br /> * '''D2 - Ahli Muda''' (A.Ma.) is a two year education program consisting of 64 credits. The title translates to &quot;Young Expert&quot;.<br /> * '''D3 - Ahli Madya''' (A.Md.) is a three year higher education programm consisting of 112 credits. The title translates to &quot;Associate Expert&quot;.<br /> * '''D4 - Sarjana Terapan''' (S.Tr.) is a four year higher education programm consisting of 144 credits. The title translates to &quot;Bachelor of Applied [...]&quot; followed by the subject.<br /> * '''S1 - Sarjana''' is a four to seven years higher education program, depending on the university, which requires a scientific thesis. This is equivalent to a Bachelor's degree.<br /> * '''S2 - Magister''' is a one to two year graduate program which requires a scientific thesis. This is equivalent to a Master's degree.<br /> * '''S3 - Doktor:''' is a three to seven years graduate program which requires a scientific dissertation.<br /> <br /> ==Public higher education institutions==<br /> There are 125 public higher education institutions divided into 63 public universities, 13 Institutes, 44 Polytechnics, and 5 Community Colleges.<br /> <br /> ===Public universities===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! PT Code&lt;br /&gt;{{small|001-}}<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Abbrev.<br /> ! Founding Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Accred.&lt;ref name=&quot;banpt&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Badan Akreditasi Nasional–Perguruan Tinggi|trans-title=National Accreditation Organization for Higher Education|url=https://www.banpt.or.id/direktori/institusi/pencarian_institusi.php|access-date=2022-01-03}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 001<br /> | '''[[Gadjah Mada University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Gadjah Mada''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UGM<br /> | 1949, 19 December <br /> | [[Sleman]] and [[Yogyakarta]], [[Special Region of Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Universitas Gadjah Mada |url=https://ugm.ac.id/id/ |access-date=2024-02-17 |website=ugm.ac.id |language=id-ID}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 002<br /> | '''[[University of Indonesia]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Indonesia''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UI<br /> | 1849, 2 January {{small|(as ''Dokter-Djawa School Batavia'')}}&lt;br /&gt;1950, 2 February {{small|(as ''Universiteit Indonesia'')}}&lt;br /&gt;1955, 11 July {{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Jakarta]] and [[Depok]], [[West Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Universitas Indonesia |url=https://www.ui.ac.id/ |access-date=2024-02-17 |website=Universitas Indonesia |language=id-ID}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 003<br /> | '''[[University of North Sumatra]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Sumatera Utara''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| USU<br /> | 1952, 20 August<br /> | [[Medan]], [[North Sumatra]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Beranda {{!}} Universitas Sumatera Utara |url=https://www.usu.ac.id/id |access-date=2024-02-17 |website=Website Universitas Sumatera Utara}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 004<br /> | '''[[Airlangga University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Airlangga''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNAIR<br /> | 1954, 1 November<br /> | [[Surabaya]], [[East Java]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|7|16|18|S|112|45|29|E}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Beranda UNAIR |url=https://unair.ac.id/ |access-date=2024-02-17 |website=Universitas Airlangga Official Website |language=id-ID}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 005<br /> | '''[[University of Hasanuddin]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Hasanuddin''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNHAS<br /> | 1956, 10 September<br /> | [[Makassar]], [[South Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unhas.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 006<br /> | '''[[Universitas Andalas|Andalas University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Andalas''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNAND<br /> | 1955, 13 September <br /> | [[Padang]], [[West Sumatra]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unand.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 007<br /> | '''[[Padjadjaran University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Padjadjaran''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNPAD<br /> | 1957, 11 September<br /> | [[Bandung]] and Jatinangor, [[West Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unpad.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 008<br /> | '''[[Diponegoro University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Diponegoro''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNDIP<br /> | 1957, 9 January<br /> | [[Semarang]], [[Central Java]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|-7.049|110.438|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.undip.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 009<br /> | '''[[Sriwijaya University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Sriwijaya''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNSRI<br /> | 1960, 29 October<br /> | [[Palembang]] and Indralaya, [[South Sumatra]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unsri.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 010<br /> | '''[[Lambung Mangkurat University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Lambung Mangkurat''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| ULM<br /> | 1958, 1 September <br /> | [[Banjarmasin]] and [[Banjarbaru]], [[South Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| A<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.ulm.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 011<br /> | '''[[Syiah Kuala University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Syiah Kuala''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| USK<br /> | 1961, 2 September<br /> | [[Banda Aceh]], [[Aceh]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.usk.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 012<br /> | '''[[Sam Ratulangi University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Sam Ratulangi''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNSRAT<br /> | 1965, 14 September<br /> | [[Manado]], [[North Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unsrat.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 013<br /> | '''[[Udayana University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Udayana''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNUD<br /> | 1962, 17 August<br /> | [[Badung]], [[Bali]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|8|47|56|S|115|10|19|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unud.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 014<br /> | '''[[University of Nusa Cendana]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Nusa Cendana''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNDANA<br /> | 1962, 1 September<br /> | [[Kupang]], [[East Nusa Tenggara]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|-10.1545227|123.6590252|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.undana.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 015<br /> | '''[[Mulawarman University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Mulawarman''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNMUL<br /> | 1962, 27 September <br /> | [[Samarinda]], [[East Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unmul.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 016<br /> | '''[[University of Mataram]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Mataram''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNRAM<br /> | 1962, 1 October<br /> | [[Mataram (city)|Mataram]], [[West Nusa Tenggara]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unram.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 017<br /> | '''[[University of Riau]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Riau''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNRI<br /> | 1962, 1 September<br /> | [[Pekanbaru]], [[Riau]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|0.4764|101.3806|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| A<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unri.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 018<br /> | '''[[Cenderawasih University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Cenderawasih''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNCEN<br /> | 1962, 10 November<br /> | [[Jayapura]], [[Papua (province)|Papua]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.uncen.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 019<br /> | '''[[University of Brawijaya]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Brawijaya''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UB<br /> | 1963, 5 January<br /> | [[Malang]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.ub.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 020<br /> | '''[[University of Jambi]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Jambi''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNJA<br /> | 1963, 26 March<br /> | [[Jambi (city)]], [[Jambi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unja.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 021<br /> | '''[[Pattimura University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Pattimura''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNPATTI<br /> | 1963, 23 April<br /> | [[Ambon, Maluku|Ambon]], [[Maluku (province)|Maluku]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unpatti.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 022<br /> | '''[[Tanjungpura University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Tanjungpura''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNTAN<br /> | 1959, 20 May<br /> | [[Pontianak, Indonesia|Pontianak]], [[West Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| A<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.untan.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 023<br /> | '''[[Jenderal Soedirman University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Jenderal Soedirman''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNSOED<br /> | 1963, 23 September <br /> | [[Purwokerto]] and [[Purbalingga]], [[Central Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| A<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unsoed.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 024<br /> | '''[[University of Palangkaraya]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Palangkaraya''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UPR<br /> | 1963, 10 November <br /> | [[Palangka Raya]], [[Central Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.upr.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 025<br /> | '''[[University of Jember]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Jember''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNEJ<br /> | 1964, 10 November <br /> | [[Jember]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.unej.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 026<br /> | '''[[Lampung University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Lampung''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNILA<br /> | 1965, 22 September<br /> | [[Bandar Lampung]], [[Lampung]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|5|21|52.24|S|105|14|36.38|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unila.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 027<br /> | '''[[Sebelas Maret University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Sebelas Maret''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNS<br /> | 1976, 11 March<br /> | [[Surakarta]], [[Central Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.uns.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 028<br /> | '''[[Tadulako University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Tadulako''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNTAD<br /> | 1981, 1 May<br /> | [[Palu]], [[Central Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.untad.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 029<br /> | '''[[Haluoleo University|Halu Oleo University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Halu Oleo''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UHO<br /> | 1981, 19 August<br /> | [[Kendari]], [[Southeast Sulawesi]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|4|0|31.72|S|122|31|21.65|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.uho.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 030<br /> | '''[[University of Bengkulu]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Bengkulu''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNIB<br /> | 1982, 24 April<br /> | [[Bengkulu (city)]], [[Bengkulu]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|3|45|35.27|S|102|16|20.8|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unib.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 031<br /> | '''[[Universitas Terbuka|Indonesia Open University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Terbuka''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UT<br /> | 1984, 4 September <br /> | [[South Tangerang]], [[Banten]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|6| 20|41.6|S|106|45|29.11|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| A<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.ut.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 032<br /> | '''[[State University of Padang]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Negeri Padang''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNP<br /> | 1954, 23 October<br /> | [[Padang]], [[West Sumatra]]&lt;br /&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unp.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 033<br /> | '''[[State University of Malang]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Negeri Malang''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UM<br /> | 1954, 18 October<br /> | [[Malang]] and [[Blitar]], [[East Java]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|7|57|46.78|S|112|37|6.41|E}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.um.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 034<br /> | '''[[Indonesia University of Education]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UPI<br /> | 1954, 20 October<br /> | [[Bandung]], [[West Java]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|6|51|48.24|S|107|35|39.48|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.upi.edu/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 035<br /> | '''[[State University of Manado]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Negeri Manado''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNIMA<br /> | 1955, 22 September<br /> | [[Minahasa Regency|Minahasa]], [[North Sulawesi]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|1|15|59.7|N|124|52|59.4|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unima.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 036<br /> | '''[[State University of Makassar]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Negeri Makassar''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNM<br /> | 1961, 1 August<br /> | [[Makassar]], [[South Sulawesi]]&lt;br /&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unm.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 037<br /> | '''[[State University of Jakarta]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Negeri Jakarta''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNJ<br /> | 1964, 16 May <br /> | [[Jakarta]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|6|11|40.2|S|106|52|43.7|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unj.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 038<br /> | '''[[Yogyakarta State University|State University of Yogyakarta]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNY<br /> | 1964, 21 May <br /> | [[Sleman]] and [[Yogyakarta]], [[Special Region of Yogyakarta]]&lt;br /&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.uny.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 039<br /> | '''[[State University of Surabaya]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Negeri Surabaya''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNESA<br /> | 1964, 19 December<br /> | [[Surabaya]], [[East Java]]&lt;br /&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unesa.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 040<br /> | '''[[State University of Medan]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Negeri Medan''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNIMED<br /> | 1956<br /> | [[Medan]], [[North Sumatra]]&lt;br /&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| A<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unimed.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 041<br /> | '''[[State University of Semarang]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Negeri Semarang''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNNES<br /> | 1965<br /> | [[Semarang]], [[Central Java]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|7|2| 55.4|S|110|23|22.7|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unnes.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 042<br /> | '''[[Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNTIRTA<br /> | 1981<br /> | [[Serang]] and [[Cilegon]], [[Banten]]&lt;br /&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.untirta.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 043<br /> | '''[[Trunojoyo University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Trunojoyo''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNIJOYO<br /> | 1964, 15 August<br /> | [[Bangkalan Regency|Bangkalan]], [[East Java]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{Coord|7|7|39.9|S|112|43|23.1|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.trunojoyo.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 044<br /> | '''[[Khairun University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Khairun''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNKHAIR<br /> | 1964, 15 August<br /> | [[Ternate]], [[North Maluku]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{Coord|0|45|45.2|N|127|20|10.6|E}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unkhair.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 045<br /> | '''[[University of Papua]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Papua''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNIPA<br /> | 2000, 3 November<br /> | [[Manokwari]], [[West Papua (province)|West Papua]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unipa.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 046<br /> | '''[[Malikussaleh University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Malikussaleh''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNIMAL<br /> | 1969, 12 June<br /> | [[North Aceh Regency|North Aceh]], [[Aceh]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|5|14|2.56|N|96|59|14.22|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unimal.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 047<br /> | '''[[State University of Gorontalo]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Negeri Gorontalo''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNG<br /> | 1963, 1 September<br /> | [[Gorontalo (city)|Gorontalo]], [[Gorontalo]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|0|33|23.07|N|123|3|48.98|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.ung.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 048<br /> | '''[[Ganesha University of Education]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNDIKSHA<br /> | 2006, 11 Mei<br /> | [[Singaraja]], [[Bali]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| A<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.undiksha.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 049<br /> | '''[[University of Bangka Belitung]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Bangka Belitung''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UBB<br /> | 2006, 12 April<br /> | [[Pangkalpinang]], [[Bangka Belitung]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|2|4|11.8|S|106|4|38.7|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.ubb.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 050<br /> | '''[[Borneo Tarakan University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Borneo Tarakan''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UBT<br /> | 1999, 9 October<br /> | [[Tarakan]], [[North Kalimantan]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|3|18|11.3|N|117|38|55.8|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.ubt.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 051<br /> | '''[[Musamus Merauke University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Musamus Merauke''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNMUS<br /> | 2001, 26 January<br /> | [[Merauke]], [[South Papua]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|8|31|54.7|S|140|25|1.5|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}} <br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unmus.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 052<br /> | '''[[:id:Universitas Maritim Raja Ali Haji|Raja Ali Haji Maritime University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Maritim Raja Ali Haji''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UMRAH<br /> | 2007, 1 August<br /> | [[Tanjungpinang]], [[Riau Islands]]&lt;br /&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}} <br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.umrah.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 053<br /> | '''[[Samudra University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Samudra''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNSAM<br /> | 1985, 22 October<br /> | [[Langsa]], [[Aceh]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|4|27|27.4|N|97|58|17.3|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}} <br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unsam.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 054<br /> | '''[[Universitas Sulawesi Barat|University of West Sulawesi]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Sulawesi Barat''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNSULBAR<br /> | 2004, 22 September<br /> | [[Majene]], [[West Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unsulbar.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 055<br /> | '''[[Sembilanbelas November University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Sembilanbelas November''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| USN<br /> | 1984, 16 April<br /> | [[Kolaka Regency|Kolaka]], [[Southeast Sulawesi]]&lt;br /&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.usn.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 056<br /> | '''[[Tidar University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Tidar''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNTIDAR<br /> | 1980<br /> | [[Magelang]], [[Central Java]]&lt;br /&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B <br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.untidar.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 057<br /> | '''[[Siliwangi University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Siliwangi''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNSIL<br /> | 1978<br /> | [[Tasikmalaya]], [[West Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B <br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unsil.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 058<br /> | '''[[Teuku Umar University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Teuku Umar''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UTU<br /> | 2006, 10 November<br /> | [[Meulaboh]], [[Aceh]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|4|8|44.2|N|96|11|50.4|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.utu.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 059<br /> | '''[[University of Pembangunan Nasional Veteran|University of National Development &quot;Veteran&quot; East Java]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Pembangunan Nasional &quot;Veteran&quot; Jawa Timur''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UPNVJT<br /> | 1959, 5 July<br /> | [[Surabaya]], [[East Java]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|7|20|0| S|112|47|24|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| A<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.upnjatim.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 060<br /> | '''[[Timor University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Timor''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNIMOR<br /> | 2000, 16 July<br /> | [[North Central Timor Regency|North Central Timor]], [[East Nusa Tenggara]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{Coord|9|30|45.7|S|124|30|41.8|E}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unimor.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 061<br /> | '''[[:id:Universitas Pembangunan Nasional &quot;Veteran&quot; Jakarta|University of National Development &quot;Veteran&quot; Jakarta]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Pembangunan Nasional &quot;Veteran&quot; Jakarta''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UPNVJ<br /> | 1967, 21 February <br /> | [[Jakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.upnvj.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 062<br /> | '''[[:id:Universitas Pembangunan Nasional &quot;Veteran&quot; Yogyakarta|University of National Development &quot;Veteran&quot; Yogyakarta]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Pembangunan Nasional &quot;Veteran&quot; Yogyakarta''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UPNYK<br /> | 1958, 15 December<br /> | [[Sleman]], [[Special Region of Yogyakarta]]&lt;br /&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B <br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.upnyk.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 063<br /> | '''[[University of Singaperbangsa Karawang]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Singaperbangsa Karawang''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNSIKA<br /> | 1982, 2 February<br /> | [[Karawang]], [[West Java]]&lt;br /&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B <br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unsika.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Public institutes===<br /> <br /> There are 13 Public Institutes in Indonesia: 5 Institutes of Technology, 1 Institute of Agriculture, 4 Institute of Arts (ISI), and 3 Institute of Arts and Culture (ISBI).<br /> <br /> Two more Institute of Arts and Culture is planned in East Kalimantan and South Sulawesi. However, ISBI Kaltim and ISBI Sulsel in form of ISI Yogyakarta and ISI Surakarta's PSDKU has no definite timeline in being separated.<br /> <br /> {{Sticky header}}{{Sort under}}<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable sticky-header-multi sort-under&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;width:5%&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Code&lt;br&gt;{{small|002-}}<br /> ! style=&quot;width:30%&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| Name<br /> ! style=&quot;width:10%&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| Abbrev.<br /> ! style=&quot;width:10%&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Year Founded<br /> ! style=&quot;width:30%&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot;| Location<br /> ! style=&quot;width:10%&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Accred.<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; style=&quot;width:5%&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ref<br /> |-<br /> ! Province<br /> ! City<br /> |-<br /> | 001<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''[[Bandung Institute of Technology]]'''&lt;br&gt;{{resize|90%|({{lang|id|Institut Teknologi Bandung|italic=no}})}}<br /> | ITB<br /> | 1920<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flag|West Java}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Bandung]]&lt;br&gt;{{small|{{coord|6|53|27.25|S|107|36|37.36|E|name=Bandung Institute of Technology|}}}}<br /> | {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | [http://www.itb.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 002<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''[[Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology]]'''&lt;br&gt;{{resize|90%|({{lang|id|Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember|italic=no}})}}<br /> | ITS<br /> | 1957<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flag|East Java}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Surabaya]]&lt;br&gt;{{small|{{coord|7|16|54|S|112|47|41|E|name=Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology|}}}}<br /> | {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | [http://www.its.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 003<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''[[IPB University]]'''&lt;br&gt;{{resize|90%|({{lang|id|Institut Pertanian Bogor|italic=no}})}}<br /> | IPB<br /> | 1963<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flag|West Java}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Bogor Regency|Bogor]]<br /> | {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | [http://www.ipb.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 005<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''[[Indonesian Institute of the Arts, Yogyakarta]]'''&lt;br&gt;{{resize|90%|({{lang|id|Institut Seni Indonesia Yogyakarta|italic=no}})}}<br /> | ISI Yogyakarta<br /> | 1984<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flag|Special Region of Yogyakarta}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Bantul Regency|Bantul]]&lt;br&gt;{{small|{{coord|7|51|08.6|S|110|21|21.21|E|name=Indonesian Institute of the Arts, Yogyakarta}}}}<br /> | A<br /> | [http://www.isi.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 007<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''[[Indonesian Institute of the Arts, Denpasar]]'''&lt;br&gt;{{resize|90%|({{lang|id|Institut Seni Indonesia Denpasar|italic=no}})}}<br /> | ISI Denpasar<br /> | 1967<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flag|Bali}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Denpasar]]&lt;br&gt;{{small|{{coord|8|39|12.93|S|115|13|57.5|E|name=Indonesian Institute of the Arts, Denpasar|}}}}<br /> | A<br /> | [https://www.isi-dps.ac.id]<br /> |-<br /> | 008<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''[[Indonesian Institute of the Arts, Surakarta]]'''&lt;br&gt;{{resize|90%|({{lang|id|Institut Seni Indonesia Surakarta|italic=no}})}}<br /> | ISI Surakarta<br /> | 1964<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flag|Central Java}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Surakarta]]<br /> | {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | [http://www.isi-ska.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 009<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''Indonesian Institute of the Arts, Padang Panjang'''&lt;br&gt;{{resize|90%|({{lang|id|Institut Seni Indonesia Padang Panjang|italic=no}})}}<br /> | ISI Padang Panjang <br /> | 1965<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flag|West Sumatra}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Padang Panjang]]<br /> | B<br /> | [http://www.isi-padangpanjang.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 010<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''[[Bandung Institute of Indonesian Arts and Culture]]'''&lt;br&gt;{{resize|90%|({{lang|id|Institut Seni Budaya Indonesia Bandung|italic=no}})}}<br /> | ISBI Bandung<br /> | 1968<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flag|West Java}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Bandung]]<br /> | {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | [https://www.isbi.ac.id]<br /> |-<br /> | 011<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''Aceh Institute of Indonesian Arts and Culture'''&lt;br&gt;{{resize|90%|({{lang|id|Institut Seni Budaya Indonesia Aceh|italic=no}})}}<br /> | ISBI Aceh<br /> | 2014<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flag|Aceh}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Aceh Besar Regency|Great Aceh]]<br /> | {{small|Good}}<br /> | [http://isbiaceh.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 012<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''Tanah Papua Institute of Indonesian Arts and Culture'''&lt;br&gt;{{resize|90%|({{lang|id|Institut Seni Budaya Indonesia Tanah Papua|italic=no}})}}<br /> | ISBI Tanah Papua<br /> | 2014<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flag|Papua}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Jayapura]]<br /> | <br /> | [http://isbi-tanahpapua.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 013<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''[[Kalimantan Institute of Technology]]'''&lt;br&gt;{{resize|90%|({{lang|id|Institut Teknologi Kalimantan|italic=no}})}}<br /> | ITK<br /> | 2014<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flag|East Kalimantan}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Balikpapan]]&lt;br&gt;{{small|{{coord|1|09|01.5|S|116|51|39.2|E|name=Kalimantan Institute of Technology|}}}}<br /> | B<br /> | [http://www.itk.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 014<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''[[Sumatera Institute of Technology]]'''&lt;br&gt;{{resize|90%|({{lang|id|Institut Teknologi Sumatera|italic=no}})}}<br /> | ITERA<br /> | 2014<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flag|Lampung}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[South Lampung Regency|South Lampung]]<br /> | {{small|Good}}<br /> | [http://www.itera.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 015<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''Habibie Institute of Technology'''&lt;br&gt;{{resize|90%|({{lang|id|Institut Teknologi Bacharuddin Jusuf Habibie|italic=no}})}}<br /> | ITH<br /> | 2014<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flag|South Sulawesi}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Parepare]]<br /> | <br /> | [http://www.ith.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Public polytechnics===<br /> Currently, there are 44 Public Polytechnics in Indonesia. They consist of 1 Electronic Engineering Polytechnic, 2 Manufacturing Polytechnics, 1 Maritime Polytechnic, 1 Fishery Polytechnic, 1 Shipbuilding Polytechnic, 4 Agricultural Polytechnics, and 34 &quot;general&quot; Polytechnics.<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! PT Code&lt;br /&gt;{{small|005-}}<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Abbrev.<br /> ! Founding Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Accred.<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 001<br /> | '''Bandung Polytechnic for Manufacturing'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Manufaktur Bandung''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLMAN<br /> | 1977, 24 March<br /> | [[Bandung]], [[West Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.polman-bandung.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 002<br /> | '''[[Jakarta State Polytechnic]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Jakarta''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| PNJ<br /> | 1982, 22 September<br /> | [[Depok]], [[West Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.pnj.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 003<br /> | '''Medan State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Medan''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLMED<br /> | 1982, 20 September<br /> | [[Medan]], [[North Sumatra]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.polmed.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 004<br /> | '''Bandung State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Bandung''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLBAN<br /> | 1979, 27 January<br /> | [[Bandung]], [[West Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.polban.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 005<br /> | '''Semarang State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Semarang''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLINES<br /> | 1982, 6 August<br /> | [[Semarang]], [[Central Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| A<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.polines.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 006<br /> | '''[[Sriwijaya State Polytechnics|Sriwijaya State Polytechnic]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLSRI<br /> | 1982, 20 September<br /> | [[Palembang]], [[South Sumatra]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.polsri.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 007<br /> | '''Lampung State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Lampung''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLINELA<br /> | 1984, 7 April<br /> | [[Bandar Lampung]], [[Lampung]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.polinela.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 008<br /> | '''Ambon State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Ambon''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLNAM<br /> | 1987, 5 October<br /> | [[Ambon, Maluku|Ambon]], [[Maluku (province)]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.polnam.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 009<br /> | '''[[Padang State Polytechnic]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Padang''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| PNP<br /> | 1985, 12 March<br /> | [[Padang, Indonesia|Padang]], [[West Sumatra]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.pnp.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 010<br /> | '''Bali State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Bali''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| PNB<br /> | 1985, 3 December<br /> | [[Kuta]], [[Bali]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.pnb.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 011<br /> | '''Pontianak State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Pontianak''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLNEP<br /> | 1985, 3 December<br /> | [[Pontianak, Indonesia|Pontianak]], [[West Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.polnep.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 012<br /> | '''Ujung Pandang State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Ujung Pandang''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| PNUP<br /> | 1987, 10 May<br /> | [[Makassar]], [[South Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.poliupg.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 013<br /> | '''Manado State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Manado''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLIMDO<br /> | 1987, 9 November<br /> | [[Manado]], [[North Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.polimdo.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 014<br /> | '''[[Surabaya Shipbuilding State Polytechnic]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Perkapalan Negeri Surabaya''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| PPNS<br /> | 1987, 17 September&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://jdih.kemdikbud.go.id/arsip/permendikbud_tahun2014_nomor042.pdf |title= PERATURAN MENTERI PENDIDIKAN DAN KEBUDAYAAN REPUBLIK INDONESIA |date=2014 |website=jdih.kemdikbud.go.id |access-date=2021-04-05}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | [[Surabaya]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| A<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.ppns.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 015<br /> | '''Banjarmasin State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Banjarmasin''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLIBAN<br /> | 1987, 13 July<br /> | [[Banjarmasin]], [[South Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;width:1%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://www.poliban.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 016<br /> | '''Lhokseumawe State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Lhokseumawe''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| PNL<br /> | 1987, 5 October<br /> | [[Lhokseumawe]], [[Aceh]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.pnl.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 017<br /> | '''Kupang State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Kupang''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| PNK<br /> | 1985, 11 March<br /> | [[Kupang]], [[East Nusa Tenggara]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.pnk.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 018<br /> | '''[[Electronic Engineering Polytechnic Institute of Surabaya]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Elektronika Negeri Surabaya''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| PENS<br /> | 1986, 29 May<br /> | [[Surabaya]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| A<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.pens.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 019<br /> | '''Jember State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Jember''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLIJE<br /> | 1988, 29 October<br /> | [[Jember]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.polije.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 020<br /> | '''Pangkajene Kepulauan State Polytechnic for Agriculture'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Pertanian Negeri Pangkajene Kepulauan''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLIPANGKEP<br /> | 1990, 9 September<br /> | [[Pangkajene and Islands Regency|Pangkep]], [[South Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.politanipangkep.com/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 021<br /> | '''Kupang State Agricultural Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Pertanian Negeri Kupang''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLITANIKOE<br /> | 1984, 7 April<br /> | [[Kupang]], [[East Nusa Tenggara]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[https://politanikoe.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 022<br /> | '''Tual State Polytechnic for Fisheries'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Perikanan Negeri Tual''}} <br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLIKANT<br /> | 1997, 18 July<br /> | [[Tual]], [[Maluku (province)|Maluku]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.polikant.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 023<br /> | '''Malang State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Malang''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLINEMA<br /> | 1979, 27 January<br /> | [[Malang]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.polinema.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 024<br /> | '''Samarinda State Agricultural Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Pertanian Negeri Samarinda''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLITANI Samarinda<br /> | 1997, 28 April<br /> | [[Samarinda]], [[East Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.politanisamarinda.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 025<br /> | '''Payakumbuh State Agricultural Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Pertanian Negeri Payakumbuh''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| PPNP<br /> | 1989, 6 February<br /> | [[Payakumbuh]], [[West Sumatra]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [https://politanipyk.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 026<br /> | '''Samarinda State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Samarinda''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLNES<br /> | 1985, 3 December<br /> | [[Samarinda]], [[East Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.polnes.ac.id/]<br /> |- <br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 027<br /> | '''Creative Media State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Media Kreatif''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLIMEDIA<br /> | 2008, 8 October <br /> | [[Jakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.polimedia.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 028<br /> | '''Bangka Belitung State Polytechnic for Manufacturing'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Manufaktur Negeri Bangka Belitung''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLMANBABEL<br /> | 2010, 18 October<br /> | [[Sungailiat]], [[Bangka Belitung Islands]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [https://www.polman-babel.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 029<br /> | '''Batam State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Batam''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLIBATAM<br /> | 2010, 18 October<br /> | [[Batam]], [[Riau Islands]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[https://www.polibatam.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 030<br /> | '''Nusa Utara State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Nusa Utara''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLNUSTAR<br /> | 2011, 22 June<br /> | [[Tahuna, Indonesia|Tahuna]], [[North Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [https://www.polnustar.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 031<br /> | '''Bengkalis State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Bengkalis''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLBENG<br /> | 2011, 29 July<br /> | [[Bengkalis Regency|Bengkalis]], [[Riau]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.polbeng.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 032<br /> | '''Balikpapan State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Balikpapan''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLTEKBA<br /> | 2011, 9 September<br /> | [[Balikpapan]], [[East Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://poltekba.ac.id/website/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 033<br /> | '''Madura State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Madura''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLTERA<br /> | 2012<br /> | [[Sampang Regency|Sampang]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.poltera.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 034<br /> | '''Indonesia Maritime State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Maritim Negeri Indonesia''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLIMARIN<br /> | 2012, 19 September<br /> | [[Semarang]], [[Central Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [https://polimarin.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 035<br /> | '''Banyuwangi State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Banyuwangi''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLIWANGI<br /> | 2008<br /> | [[Banyuwangi Regency|Banyuwangi]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [https://www.poliwangi.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 036<br /> | '''Madiun State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Madiun''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| PNM<br /> | 2012, 30 October<br /> | [[Madiun]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.pnm.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 037<br /> | '''Fakfak State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Fakfak''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLINEF<br /> | 2012<br /> | [[Fakfak]], [[West Papua (province)|West Papua]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [https://polinef.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 038<br /> | '''Sambas State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Sambas''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLTESA<br /> | 2007<br /> | [[Sambas Regency|Sambas]], [[West Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [https://poltesa.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 039<br /> | '''Tanah Laut State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Tanah Laut''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLITALA<br /> | 2009, 25 September<br /> | [[Tanah Laut Regency|Tanah Laut]], [[South Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.politala.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 040<br /> | '''Subang State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Subang''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLSUB<br /> | 2014, 1 April<br /> | [[Subang Regency|Subang]], [[West Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [https://www.polsub.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 041<br /> | '''Ketapang State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Ketapang''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLITAP<br /> | 2006<br /> | [[Ketapang]], [[West Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [https://politap.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 042<br /> | '''Cilacap State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Cilacap''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| PNC<br /> | 2014, 3 October<br /> | [[Cilacap Regency|Cilacap]], [[Central Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[https://pnc.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 043<br /> | '''Indramayu State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Indramayu''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLINDRA<br /> | 2008, 8 July&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://docplayer.info/50205964-Peraturan-menteri-riset-teknologi-dan-pendidikan-tinggi-republik-indonesia-nomor-70-tahun-2016-tentang-statuta-politeknik-negeri-indramayu.html|title=PERATURAN MENTERI RISET, TEKNOLOGI, DAN PENDIDIKAN TINGGI REPUBLIK INDONESIA NOMOR 70 TAHUN 2016 TENTANG STATUTA POLITEKNIK NEGERI INDRAMAYU - PDF Free Download|website=docplayer.info}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | [[Indramayu Regency|Indramayu]], [[West Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;width:1%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://www.polindra.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 044<br /> | '''Nunukan State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Nunukan''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| PNN<br /> | 2014, 8 October<br /> | [[Nunukan Regency|Nunukan]], [[North Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> <br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[https://www.pnn.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Public community colleges===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! PT Code&lt;br /&gt;{{small|006-}}<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Abbrev.<br /> ! Founding Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Accred.<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 001<br /> | '''State Community College of Pacitan'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Akademi Komunitas Negeri Pacitan''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| AKN Pacitan<br /> | 2013, 11 October<br /> | [[Pacitan Regency|Pacitan]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://aknpacitan.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 002<br /> | '''State Community College of Putra Sang Fajar Blitar'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Akademi Komunitas Negeri Putra Sang Fajar Blitar''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| AKB<br /> | 2014, 17 October<br /> | [[Blitar]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.akb.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 003<br /> | '''State Community College of West Aceh'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Akademi Komunitas Negeri Aceh Barat''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| AKN Aceh Barat<br /> | 2014, 17 October<br /> | [[West Aceh Regency|West Aceh]], [[Aceh]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.aknacehbarat.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 004<br /> | '''State Community College of Rejang Lebong'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Akademi Komunitas Negeri Rejang Lebong''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| AKREL<br /> | 2018, 4 April<br /> | [[Rejang Lebong Regency|Rejang Lebong]], [[Bengkulu]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.akrel.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 005<br /> | '''State Community College of Arts and Culture Yogyakarta'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Akademi Komunitas Negeri Seni dan Budaya Yogyakarta''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| AKNSB Yogyakarta<br /> | 2020<br /> | [[Bantul Regency|Bantul]], [[Special Region of Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.aknyogya.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Public Religious higher education institutions==<br /> Public religious higher education institutions (PTKN) are under the responsibility of the [[Ministry of Religious Affairs (Indonesia)|Ministry of Religious Affairs]]. Technically and academically, the development of state religious universities is carried out by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia (Kemdikbudristek), while functionally it is carried out by the Ministry of Religion, all covering the five recognized religions in Indonesia, but not including Confucianism. There are three types of higher education institutions in the Muslim category, Public Islamic Universities (UIN), Public Islamic Institutes (IAIN), and Public Islamic Colleges (STAIN). Public Christian Institutes (IAKN) and Public Protestant Christian Colleges (STAKPN) in the Protestant Christian category. Public Catholic Colleges (STAKATN) in the Catholic category. Public Hindu Universities (UHN), Public Hindu Institutes (IAHN), and Public Hindu Colleges (STAHN) in the Hindu category. Public Buddhist Colleges (STABN) in the Buddhist category.<br /> <br /> '''''Public Islamic higher education institutions'''''<br /> <br /> ===Public Islamic Universities===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! PT Code&lt;br /&gt;{{small|201-}}<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Abbrev.<br /> ! Founding Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Accred.<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 001<br /> | '''[[Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University Jakarta|State Islamic University of Syarif Hidayatullah]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UIN Jakarta<br /> | 1957, 1 June&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''Akademi Dinas Ilmu Agama'')}}<br /> | [[South Tangerang]], [[Tangerang]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uinjkt.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 002<br /> | '''[[Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University|State Islamic University of Sunan Kalijaga]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Kalijaga''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UIN Suka<br /> | 1951, 26 September&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Sunan Kalijaga'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2004, June 21&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Sleman Regency|Sleman]], [[Special Region of Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uin-suka.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 003<br /> | '''[[Maulana Malik Ibrahim State Islamic University Malang|State Islamic University of Maulana Malik Ibrahim]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UIN Malang<br /> | 1957, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2004, June 21&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Malang]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uin-malang.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 004<br /> | '''[[Sunan Gunung Djati State Islamic University Bandung|State Islamic University of Sunan Gunung Djati]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Gunung Djati''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UIN Bandung<br /> | 1968, 8 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Sunan Gunung Djati'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2005, 10 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Bandung]], [[West Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uinsgd.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 005<br /> | '''[[Sultan Syarif Kasim II State Islamic University|State Islamic University of Sultan Syarif Kasim]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Syarif Kasim''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UIN Suska<br /> | 1970, 19 September&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Sulthan Syarif Qasim'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2005, 4 January&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Pekanbaru]], [[Riau]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uin-suska.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 006<br /> | '''[[Alauddin Islamic State University|State Islamic University of Alauddin]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UIN Alauddin<br /> | 1965, 28 October<br /> | [[Makassar]], [[South Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uin-alauddin.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 007<br /> | '''[[Sunan Ampel State Islamic University Surabaya|State Islamic University of Sunan Ampel]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Ampel''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UINSA<br /> | 1965&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Sunan Ampel'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2013, 1 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Surabaya]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uinsby.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 008<br /> | '''[[State Islamic University of North Sumatra]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UINSU<br /> | 1973, 19 November&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Sumatera Utara'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2014, 17 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Medan]], [[North Sumatra]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uinsu.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 009<br /> | '''[[Raden Fatah State Islamic University|State Islamic University of Raden Fatah]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Fatah''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UIN Palembang<br /> | 1964, 13 November&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Raden Fatah'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2014, 17 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Palembang]], [[South Sumatra]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://radenfatah.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 010<br /> | '''[[Walisongo State Islamic University|State Islamic University of Walisongo]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UIN Walisongo<br /> | 1970, 6 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Walisongo'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2013, 1 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Semarang]], [[Central Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| A<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://walisongo.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 011<br /> | '''[[Ar-Raniry State Islamic University|State Islamic University of Ar-Raniry]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UINAR<br /> | 1960&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Ar-Raniry'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2013, 1 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(s current university)}}<br /> | [[Banda Aceh]], [[Aceh]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://ar-raniry.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 012<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Sultan Maulana Hasanuddin'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Maulana Hasanuddin''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UIN Banten<br /> | 2017, 7 April<br /> | [[Serang]], [[Banten]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uinbanten.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 013<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Imam Bonjol'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Imam Bonjol''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UINIB<br /> | 1966, 29 November&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Imam Bonjol'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2017, 7 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Padang]], [[West Sumatra]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uinib.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 014<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Raden Intan'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Intan''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UINRIL<br /> | 1968, 26 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Raden Intan'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2017, 3 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Bandar Lampung]], [[Lampung]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://radenintan.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 015<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Mataram'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Mataram''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UIN Mataram<br /> | 1966&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Mataram'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2017, 7 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Mataram (city)|Mataram]], [[West Nusa Tenggara]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uinmataram.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 016<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Sultan Thaha Saifuddin'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Thaha Saifuddin''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UINSTS<br /> | 1967, 8 September&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Sultan Thaha Saifuddin'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2017, 7 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Jambi (city)]], [[Jambi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uinjambi.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 017<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Antasari'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Antasari''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UIN Antasari<br /> | 1964, 20 November&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Antasari'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2017, 3 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Banjarmasin]], [[South Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uin-antasari.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 018<br /> | '''International Islamic University of Indonesia'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Internasional Indonesia''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UIII<br /> | 2016, 29 June<br /> | [[Depok]], [[West Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uii.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 019<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Sayyid Ali Rahmatullah'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Sayyid Ali Rahmatullah''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UIN Satu<br /> | 2021, 11 May<br /> | [[Tulungagung Regency|Tulungagung]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uinsatu.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 020<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Professor Kiai Haji Saifuddin Zuhri'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Profesor Kiai Haji Saifuddin Zuhri''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UIN Saizu<br /> | 1997, 21 Maret&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Purwokerto'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2014&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Purwokerto'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2021, 11 May&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Purwokerto]], [[Central Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uinsaizu.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 021<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Raden Mas Said'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Mas Said''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UIN Surakarta<br /> | 1992, 12 September&lt;br /&gt;1997&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Surakarta'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2011&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Surakarta'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2021, 11 May&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Surakarta]], [[Central Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uinsaid.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 022<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Sultan Aji Muhammad Idris'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Aji Muhammad Idris''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UINSI<br /> | 1997, 21 Maret&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Samarinda'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2014&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Samarinda'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2021, 11 May&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Samarinda]], [[East Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uinsi.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 023<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Kiai Haji Achmad Siddiq'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Kiai Haji Achmad Siddiq''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UINKHAS<br /> | 1997, 21 Maret&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Jember'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2014&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Jember'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2021, 11 May&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Jember Regency|Jember]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uinkhas.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 024<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Fatmawati Sukarno'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Fatmawati Sukarno''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UINFAS<br /> | 1997, 21 Maret&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Bengkulu'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2014&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Bengkulu'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2021, 11 May&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Bengkulu (city)]], [[Bengkulu]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uinfasbengkulu.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 025<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Datokarama'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Datokarama''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UIN Palu<br /> | 1997, 21 Maret&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Datokarama'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2021, 8 July&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Palu]], [[Central Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [https://uindatokarama.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 026<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Mahmud Yunus'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Mahmud Yunus''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UIN Batusangkar<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Batusangkar'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2015, 23 December&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Batusangkar'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2022, 8 Juny&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Tanah Datar Regency|Tanah Datar]], [[West Sumatra]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uinmybatusangkar.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 027<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Sjech M. Djamil Djambek'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Sjech M. Djamil Djambek''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UIN Bukittinggi<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Bukittinggi'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2014, 18 December&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Bukittinggi'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2022, 8 Juny&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Bukittinggi]], [[West Sumatra]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [https://uinbukittinggi.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 028<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Kiai Haji Abdurrahman Wahid'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Kiai Haji Abdurrahman Wahid''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UIN Pekalongan<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Pekalongan'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2016, 1 August&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Pekalongan'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2022, 8 Juny&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Pekalongan]], [[Central Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uingusdur.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 029<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Syekh Ali Hasan Ahmad Addary'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Syekh Ali Hasan Ahmad Addary''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UIN Syahda<br /> | 1997, 21 Maret&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Padangsidimpuan'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2013, 30 July&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Padangsidimpuan'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2022, 8 Juny&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Padang Sidempuan]], [[North Sumatra]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uinsyahada.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 030<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Salatiga'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Salatiga''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UIN Salatiga<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Salatiga'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2014, 17 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Salatiga'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2022, 8 Juny&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Salatiga]], [[Central Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uinsalatiga.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 031<br /> | '''State Cyber Islamic University of Syekh Nurjati'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Siber Syekh Nurjati''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UINSSC<br /> | 1997, 21 Maret&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Cirebon'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2009, 10 November&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Syekh Nurjati'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2024&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Cirebon]], [[West Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://syekhnurjati.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Public Islamic Institutes===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! PT Code&lt;br /&gt;{{small|202-}}<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Abbrev.<br /> ! Founding Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Accred.<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 009<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Ambon'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Ambon''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| IAIN Ambon<br /> | 1997, 21 Maret&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Ambon'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2006, 9 December&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Ambon, Maluku|Ambon]], [[Maluku (province)|Maluku]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://iainambon.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 010<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Sultan Amai'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Sultan Amai''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| IAIN Gorontalo<br /> | 1997, 21 Maret&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Sultan Amai'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2004, 18 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Gorontalo (city)|Gorontalo]], [[Gorontalo]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://iaingorontalo.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 020<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Manado'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Manado''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| IAIN Manado<br /> | 1997, 30 June&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Manado'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2014, 17 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Manado]], [[North Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://iain-manado.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 021<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Palopo'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Palopo''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| IAIN Palopo<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Palopo'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2014, 17 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Palopo]], [[South Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://iainpalopo.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 022<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Sultan Qaimuddin'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Sultan Qaimuddin''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| IAIN Kendari<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Kendari'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2014, 17 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Kendari]], [[Southeast Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://iainkendari.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 024<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Ternate'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Ternate''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| IAIN Ternate<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Ternate'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2013, 30 July&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Ternate]], [[North Maluku]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://iain-ternate.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 025<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Zawiyah Cot Kala'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Zawiyah Cot Kala''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| IAIN Langsa<br /> | 1980, 14 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Langsa'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2014, 17 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Langsa]], [[Aceh]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://iainlangsa.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 026<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Palangka Raya'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Palangka Raya''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| IAIN Palangka Raya<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Pangka Raya'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2014, 17 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Palangka Raya]], [[Central Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://iain-palangkaraya.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 030<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Pontianak'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Pontianak''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| IAIN Pontianak<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Pontianak'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2013, 6 August&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Pontianak]], [[West Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://iainptk.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 033<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Metro'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Metro''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| IAIN Metro<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Jurai Siwo'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2016, 1 August&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Metro (city)|Metro]], [[Lampung]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://metrouniv.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 035<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Ponorogo'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Ponorogo''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| IAIN Ponorogo<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Ponorogo'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2016, 1 August&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Ponorogo]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://iainponorogo.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 036<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Kerinci'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Kerinci''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| IAIN Kerinci<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Kerinci'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2016, 1 August&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Kerinci Regency|Kerinci]], [[Jambi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://iainkerinci.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 037<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Lhokseumawe'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Lhokseumawe''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| IAIN Lhokseumawe<br /> | 2016, 1 August<br /> | [[Lhokseumawe]], [[Aceh]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://iainlhokseumawe.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 038<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Parepare'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Parepare''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| IAIN Parepare<br /> | 2008, 20 June&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Parepare'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2018, 5 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Parepare]], [[South Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://iainpare.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 039<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Curup'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Curup''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| IAIN Curup<br /> | 1997, 19 September&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Curup'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2018, 5 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Rejang Lebong Regency|Rejang Lebong]], [[Bengkulu]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://iainpare.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 040<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Fattahul Muluk'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Fattahul Muluk''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| IAIN Jayapura<br /> | 2006, 20 July&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Al-Fatah'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2018, 5 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Jayapura]], [[Papua (province)|Papua]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://iainfmpapua.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 041<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Kudus'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Kudus''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| IAIN Kudus<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Kudus'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2018, 5 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Kudus, Indonesia|Kudus]], [[Central Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://iainkudus.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 042<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Madura'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Madura''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| IAIN Madura<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Pamekasan'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2018, 5 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Pamekasan Regency|Pamekasan]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://iainmadura.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 043<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Syaikh Abdurrahman Siddik'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Syaikh Abdurrahman Siddik''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| IAIN Babel<br /> | 2004, 18 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Syaikh Abdurrahman Siddik'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2018, 5 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Bangka Regency|Bangka]], [[Bangka Belitung Islands]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://iainsasbabel.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 044<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Bone'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Bone''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| IAIN Bone<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Watampone'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2018, 5 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Bone Regency|Bone]], [[South Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://iain-bone.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 045<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Kediri'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Kediri''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| IAIN Kediri<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Kediri'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2018, 5 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Kediri (city)|Kediri]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://iainkediri.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 046<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Sorong'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Sorong''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| IAIN Sorong<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Sorong'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2020, 20 February&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Sorong]], [[West Papua (province)|West Papua]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://iainsorong.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 047<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Takengon'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Takengon''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| IAIN Takengon<br /> | 2012, 25 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Gajah Putih'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2020, 28 February&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Central Aceh Regency|Central Aceh]], [[Aceh]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://iain-takengon.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Public Islamic Colleges===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! PT Code&lt;br /&gt;{{small|203-}}<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Abbrev.<br /> ! Founding Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Accred.<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 034<br /> | '''State Islamic College of Teungku Dirundeng Meulaboh'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Negeri Teungku Dirundeng Meulaboh''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| STAIN Meulaboh<br /> | 2014, 19 September<br /> | [[West Aceh Regency|West Aceh]], [[Aceh]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://staindirundeng.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 035<br /> | '''State Islamic College of Bengkalis'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Negeri Bengkalis''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| STAIN Bengkalis<br /> | 2014, 19 September<br /> | [[Bengkalis Regency|Bengkalis]], [[Riau]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://kampusmelayu.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 036<br /> | '''State Islamic College of Majene'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Negeri Majene''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| STAIN Majene<br /> | 2016, 31 August<br /> | [[Majene Regency|Majene]], [[West Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://stainmajene.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 037<br /> | '''State Islamic College of Mandailing Natal'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Negeri Mandailing Natal''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| STAIN Madina<br /> | 2019, 25 January<br /> | [[Mandailing Natal Regency|Mandailing Natal]], [[North Sumatra]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://stain-madina.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 038<br /> | '''State Islamic College of Sultan Abdurrahman'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Negeri Sultan Abdurrahman Kepulauan Riau''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| STAIN Kepri<br /> | 2017, 13 March<br /> | [[Bintan Regency|Bintan]], [[Riau Islands]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://stainkepri.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> '''''Public Christian higher education institutions'''''<br /> <br /> === Public Christian Institutes ===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! PT Code&lt;br/&gt;{{small|222-}}<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Abbrev.<br /> ! data-sort-type=&quot;date&quot; | Founding Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Acred.&lt;ref name=&quot;banpt&quot; /&gt;<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |Link<br /> |-<br /> | 001<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''State Christian Institute of Tarutung'''<br /> {{small|''Institut Agama Kristen Negeri Tarutung''}}<br /> | IAKN Tarutung<br /> | 1 March 2018<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[North Sulawesi]]<br /> | Good<br /> | [http://iakntarutung.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 002<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''State Christian Institute of Manado'''<br /> {{small|''Institut Agama Kristen Negeri Manado''}}<br /> | IAKN Manado<br /> | 1 March 2018<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[North Sulawesi]]<br /> | Good<br /> | [https://iaknmanado.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 003<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''State Christian Institute of Ambon'''<br /> {{small|''Institut Agama Kristen Negeri Ambon''}}<br /> | IAKN Ambon<br /> | 1 March 2018<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Maluku (province)|Maluku]]<br /> | B<br /> | [https://iaknmanado.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 004<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''State Christian Institute of Toraja'''<br /> {{small|''Institut Agama Kristen Negeri Toraja''}}<br /> | IAKN Toraja<br /> | 23 January 2020<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[South Sulawesi]]<br /> | Good<br /> | [http://iakntoraja.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 005<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''State Christian Institute of Kupang'''<br /> {{small|''Institut Agama Kristen Negeri Kupang''}}<br /> | IAKN Kupang<br /> | 23 January 2020<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[East Nusa Tenggara]]<br /> | Good<br /> | [http://www.iaknkupang.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 006<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''State Christian Institute of Palangka Raya'''<br /> {{small|''Institut Agama Kristen Negeri Palangka Raya''}}<br /> | IAKN Palangka Raya<br /> | 23 January 2020<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Central Kalimantan]]<br /> | <br /> | [http://www.iaknkupang.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === Public Protestant Christian Colleges===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! PT Code&lt;br/&gt;{{small|223-}}<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Abbrev.<br /> ! data-sort-type=date| Founding Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Acred.&lt;ref name=&quot;banpt&quot;/&gt;<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | 006<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|'''State Protestant Christian College of Sentani'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Sekolah Tinggi Agama Kristen Protestan Negeri Sentani''}}<br /> | STAKPN Sentani<br /> | 10 April 2001<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Papua (province)|Papua]]<br /> | Good<br /> | [http://stakpnsentani.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Public Catholic Colleges===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! PT Code&lt;br/&gt;{{small|263-}}<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Abbrev.<br /> ! data-sort-type=date| Founding Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Acred.&lt;ref name=&quot;banpt&quot;/&gt;<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | 001<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|'''State Catholic College of Pontianak'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Sekolah Tinggi Agama Katolik Negeri Pontianak''}}<br /> | STAKATN Pontianak<br /> | 6 April 2017<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[West Kalimantan]]<br /> | Good<br /> | [http://www.stakatnptk.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> '''''Public Hindu higher education institutions'''''<br /> <br /> ===Public Hindu Universities===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! PT Code&lt;br/&gt;{{small|241-}}<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Abbrev.<br /> ! data-sort-type=date| Founding Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Acred.&lt;ref name=&quot;banpt&quot;/&gt;<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | 001<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|'''State Hindu University of I Gusti Bagus Sugriwa'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Hindu Negeri I Gusti Bagus Sugriwa''}}<br /> | UHN Sugriwara<br /> | 23 January 2020<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Bali]]<br /> | Very Good<br /> | [http://www.stakatnptk.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Public Hindu Institutes===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! PT Code&lt;br/&gt;{{small|242-}}<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Abbrev.<br /> ! data-sort-type=date| Founding Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Acred.&lt;ref name=&quot;banpt&quot;/&gt;<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | 002<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|'''State Hindu Institute of Tampung Penyang'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Hindu Negeri Tampung Penyang''}}<br /> | IAHN TP<br /> | 6 September 1986<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Central Kalimantan]]<br /> | Good<br /> | [https://iahntp.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 003<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|'''State Hindu Institute of Gde Pudja'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Hindu Negeri Gde Pudja''}}<br /> | IAHN Gde Pudja<br /> | 11 July 2001<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[West Nusa Tenggara]]<br /> | Good<br /> | [https://iahn-gdepudja.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Public Hindu Colleges===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! PT Code&lt;br/&gt;{{small|243-}}<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Abbrev.<br /> ! data-sort-type=date| Founding Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Acred.&lt;ref name=&quot;banpt&quot;/&gt;<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | 008<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|'''State Hindu College of Mpu Kuturan'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Sekolah Tinggi Agama Hindu Negeri Mpu Kuturan''}}<br /> | STAHN Mpu Kuturan<br /> | 21 March 2016<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Bali]]<br /> | Very Good<br /> | [http://www.stakatnptk.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> '''''Public Buddhist higher education institutions'''''<br /> <br /> ===Public Buddhist Colleges===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! PT Code&lt;br/&gt;{{small|242-}}<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Abbrev.<br /> ! data-sort-type=date| Founding Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Acred.&lt;ref name=&quot;banpt&quot;/&gt;<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | 001<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|'''State Buddhist College of Sriwijaya'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Sekolah Tinggi Agama Buddha Negeri Sriwijaya''}}<br /> | STABN Sriwijaya<br /> | 20 May 2002<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Banten]]<br /> | B<br /> | [https://iahntp.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 002<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|'''State Buddhist College of Raden Wijaya'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Sekolah Tinggi Agama Buddha Negeri Raden Wijaya''}}<br /> | STABN Raden Wijaya<br /> | 25 January 2007<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Central Java]]<br /> | B<br /> | [https://iahn-gdepudja.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Service higher education institutions ==<br /> Service higher education institutions are higher education institution that are under the auspices of government institutions (ministries) as education providers with a civil service bond or cadreship system.<br /> <br /> === Ministry of Home Affairs ===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! PT Code&lt;br /&gt;{{small|342-}}<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Abbrev.<br /> ! data-sort-type=&quot;date&quot; | Founding Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Acred.&lt;ref name=&quot;banpt&quot; /&gt;<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |Link<br /> |-<br /> | 001<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |'''Institute of Home Affairs'''<br /> ''Institut Pemerintahan Dalam Negeri''<br /> | IPDN<br /> | 1956<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | [[West Java]]<br /> | Very Good<br /> | [https://ipdn.ac.id]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources ===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! PT Code<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Abbrev.<br /> ! data-sort-type=&quot;date&quot; | Founding Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Acred.&lt;ref name=&quot;banpt&quot; /&gt;<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |Link<br /> |-<br /> | 355001<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |'''Energy and Mineral Polytechnic'''<br /> ''Politeknik Energi dan Mineral Akamigas''<br /> | PEM AKAMIGAS<br /> | 1967<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | [[Central Java]]<br /> | B<br /> | [https://www.akamigas.ac.id]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Private universities==<br /> These notable private universities are owned, funded and managed by private organizations, including those affiliated with Islamic ([[Muhammadiyah]]), Catholic or Christian socio-religious organizations.<br /> <br /> ===Jakarta===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Name in English !!style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Name in Indonesian !!style=&quot;width:5%;&quot;|Acronym !!style=&quot;width:5%;&quot;|Foundation !! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; style=&quot;width:5%;&quot; |Reference !!style=&quot;width:15%;&quot;|Website<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Al-Azhar University of Indonesia]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Al-Azhar Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UAI<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1960<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.uai.ac.id/|title= Official website |website=uai.ac.id|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230105043930/http://www.uai.ac.id/ |access-date=2023-01-05|archive-date= 2023-01-05 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.uai.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Asian Banking Finance and Informatic Institute Perbanas<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|STIE Perbanas <br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|ABFI-PERBANAS<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1969<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.perbanasinstitute.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Katolik Atma Jaya<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|STMIK Jakarta STI&amp;K<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1960<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;|{{url|http://www.atmajaya.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Bakrie University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Bakrie<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| UB<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|2006<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bakrie.ac.id/en/|title=Experience The Real Things &amp;#124; Universitas Bakrie|website=Bakrie.ac.id}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.bakrie.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Binus University|Bina Nusantara University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Bina Nusantara<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|Binus University<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1985<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.binus.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Bina Sarana Informatika|Bina Sarana Informatika University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Bina Sarana Informatika<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UBSI<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1988<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.bsi.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Borobudur University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Borobudur<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1982<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.universitasborobudur.ac.id/|title= Official website |website=Universitasborobudur.ac.id|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110609043930/http://www.universitasborobudur.ac.id/ |access-date=2021-04-05|archive-date= 2011-06-09 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.universitasborobudur.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Budi Luhur University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Budi Luhur<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UBL<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1979<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://pendaftaran.budiluhur.ac.id/|title=Beranda &amp;#124; PMB ONLINE Universitas Budi Luhur - Kampus Cerdas Berbudi Luhur|website=pendaftaran.budiluhur.ac.id}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.budiluhur.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Universitas Kristen Indonesia|Christian University of Indonesia]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Kristen Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UKI<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1953<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.uki.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Darma Persada University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Darma Persada<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNSADA<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1986<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.unsada.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;| Dian Nusantara University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Dian Nusantara<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNDIRA<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=id&amp;u=https://undira.ac.id/&amp;prev=search&amp;pto=aue|title=Google Translate|website=translate.google.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;|{{URL|https://undira.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Esa Unggul University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Esa Unggul<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UEU<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1993<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.esaunggul.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Indonesia Institute for Life Science<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Institut Bio Scientia Internasional Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|i3L<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|2013<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://i3l.ac.id/info/|title=i3L Undergraduate Program - Speak To Our Admission Team|website=I3l.ac.id|access-date=5 April 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;|{{URL|http://www.i3L.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[YARSI University|Indonesia Islamic Hospital Foundation University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Yayasan Rumah Sakit Islam Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|YARSI<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1967<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.yarsi.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Indraprasta PGRI University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Indraprasta PGRI<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNINDRA<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1982<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.unindra.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Informatics Management and Computer University of Jakarta<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Sekolah Tinggi Manajemen Informatika dan Komputer Jakarta<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|STMIK<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|2000<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.jak-stik.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Jakarta Institute of Arts<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Institut Kesenian Jakarta<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|IKJ<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1970<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.ikj.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Telkom University Jakarta<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Telkom Jakarta<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|Tel-U<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|2023<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-03-14 |title=Universitas Telkom Jakarta {{!}} &quot;Creating the Future&quot; |url=https://jakarta.telkomuniversity.ac.id/ |access-date=2024-03-15 |website=jakarta.telkomuniversity.ac.id |language=id-ID}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|https://jakarta.telkomuniversity.ac.id/}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Krida Wacana Christian University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Kristen Krida Wacana<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UKRIDA<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1967<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.ukrida.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Mercu Buana University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Mercubuana<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMB<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1985<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://pendaftaran.mercubuana.ac.id/|title=Pendaftaran Mercu Buana|first=Pendaftaran Mercu|last=Buana|website=pendaftaran.mercubuana.ac.id}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.mercubuana.ac.id}} <br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Muhammadiyah University of Jakarta<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMJ<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1955<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.umj.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Universitas Nasional|National University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Nasional<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNAS<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1949<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.unas.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Nusantara Institute of Business<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Institut Bisnis Nusantara<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|IBN<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1986<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.ibn.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Pancasila University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Pancasila<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UP<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1966<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.univpancasila.ac.id/index.php|title= Official website |website=Univpancasila.ac.id|access-date=2021-04-05}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.univpancasila.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Paramadina University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Paramadina<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UPM/PARMAD<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1998<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.paramadina.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Persada Indonesia - Indonesia Administration Foundation University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Persada Indonesia Yayasan Administrasi Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UPI YAI<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1985<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.yai.ac.id/upi/|title= Official website |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20111123121651/http://www.yai.ac.id/upi/ |access-date=2021-04-05|archive-date= 2011-11-23 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.yai.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|PPM School of Management<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Pendidikan dan Pembinaan Manajemen<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|PPM<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1967<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://ppm-manajemen.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Prof. Dr. HAMKA Muhammadiyah University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof. Dr. HAMKA<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UHAMKA<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1960<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.uhamka.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Prof. Moestopo University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Prof. Moestopo (Beragama)<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1961<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.moestopo.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;| Raffles Institute of Higher Education<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Raffles Institute of Higher Education<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|Raffles@Citywalk<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|2009<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Respati University of Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Respati Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|URINDO<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1978<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.urindo.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Sahid University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Sahid<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|USAHID<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1988<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://usahid.ac.id/|title= Official website |website=usahid.ac.id/|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150624021223/http://usahid.ac.id/ |access-date=2021-04-05|archive-date= 2015-06-24 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://usahid.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Tarumanagara University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Tarumanagara<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNTAR<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1962<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.tarumanagara.ac.id/|title= Official website |website=Tarumanagara.ac.id|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090427063641/http://www.tarumanagara.ac.id/ |access-date=2021-04-05|archive-date= 2009-04-27 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Trisakti University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Trisakti<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|USAKTI<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1965<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.trisakti.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[University of Bunda Mulia]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Bunda Mulia<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UBM<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1986<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.ubm.ac.id}}<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Banten===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[BINUS University Alam Sutera Main Campus]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Bina Nusantara Kampus Alam Sutera<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|BINUS<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2010<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Tangerang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.binus.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[International University Liaison Indonesia]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Lintas Internasional Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|IULI<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2014<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Tangerang]] <br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.iuli.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Multimedia Nusantara University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Media Nusantara<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNIMEDIA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2006<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|Gading [[Tangerang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.unimedia.ac.id/|title= Official website |website=Unimedia.ac.id|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110521140715/http://www.unimedia.ac.id/ |access-date=2021-04-05|archive-date= 2011-05-21 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Pamulang University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Pamulang<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNPAM<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2000<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[South Tangerang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://unpam.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Pelita Harapan University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Pelita Harapan<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UPH<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1993<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Karawaci, Tangerang|Karawaci]], [[Tangerang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.uph.edu/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Perguruan Tinggi Raharja]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Perguruan Tinggi Raharja Tangerang<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|RAHARJA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1994<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Tangerang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.raharja.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Prasetiya Mulya University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Prasetiya Mulya<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|PMBS, Prasmul, PMSBE<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1982<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[South Tangerang]] and [[Jakarta]] <br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.pmsbe.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Serang Raya University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Serang Raya<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNSERA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2001<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Serang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.unsera.ac.id]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Surya University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Surya<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|SU<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2013<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Tangerang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.surya.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Swiss German University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Swiss German University<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|SGU<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2000<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[South Tangerang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.sgu.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Syech Yusuf Islamic University of Tangerang<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Islam Syekh Yusuf Tangerang<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNIS<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1966<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Tangerang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.unistangerang.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Technology Institute of Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Institut Teknologi Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|ITI<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1984<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Tangerang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.iti.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===West Java===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Bandung Islamic University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Islam Bandung<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNISBA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1958<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Bandung]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.unisba.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Djuanda University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Djuanda<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNIDA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1987<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Bogor]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.unida.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Gunadarma University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Gunadarma<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|GUNDAR<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1981<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Depok]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.gunadarma.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; | [[Horizon University Indonesia]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; | Universitas Horizon Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; | HORIZONU<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; | 1991<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; | [[Karawang Regency|Karawang]]<br /> |[https://horizon.ac.id 22]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Ibn Khaldun University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Universitas Ibn Khaldun Bogor<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |UIKA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |1961<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bandung|Bogor]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.uika-bogor.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Indonesian Computer University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Universitas Komputer Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |UNIKOM<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |2001<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bandung]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.unikom.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Islamic 45 University of Bekasi<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Universitas Islam 45 Bekasi<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |UNISMA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |1982<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bekasi]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.unismabekasi.ac.id/]<br /> <br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Jayabaya University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Universitas Jayabaya<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |UJ<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |1958<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bogor]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.jayabaya.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |General Achmad Yani University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |UNJANI<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |1974<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Cimahi]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.unjani.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Langlangbuana University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Universitas Langlangbuana<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |UNLA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |1982<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bandung]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.unla.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |[[Maranatha Christian University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Universitas Kristen Maranatha<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |UKM<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |1965<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bandung]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.maranatha.edu/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |[[National Institute of Technology (Indonesia)|National Institute of Technology]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Institut Teknologi Nasional<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |ITENAS<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |1972<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bandung]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.itenas.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Nusantara Islamic University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Universitas Islam Nusantara<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |UNINUS<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |1959<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bandung]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.uninus.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Pakuan University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Universitas Pakuan<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |UNPAK<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |1980<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bogor]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.unpak.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |[[Universitas Katolik Parahyangan|Parahyangan Catholic University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Universitas Katolik Parahyangan<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |UNPAR<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |1955<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bandung]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.unpar.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Pasundan University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Universitas Pasundan<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |UNPAS<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |1960<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bandung]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.unpas.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |[[President University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Universitas Presiden<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |PresUniv<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |2001<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bekasi Regency|Bekasi]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.president.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Technology College of Garut<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi Garut<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |STTG<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |1991<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Garut]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.sttgarut.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |[[Telkom University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Telkom University<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |Tel-U<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |2013<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bandung]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.telkomuniversity.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |[https://uniku.ac.id Universitas Kuningan]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Universitas Kuningan<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |UNIKU<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |2003<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Kuningan]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.uniku.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Widyatama University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Universitas Widyatama<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |Widyatama<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |1973<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bandung]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.widyatama.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Kesatuan Institute of Business and Informatics<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Institut Bisnis dan Informatika Kesatuan<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |IBIK<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |1953<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bogor]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.ibik.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |PASIM National University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Universitas Nasional PASIM<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; | UNAS PASIM<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; | 1996<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bandung]]<br /> |[https://pasim.ac.id/sejarah]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Sony Sugema College of Information Technology<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi Informatika Sony Sugema<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |STTI<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |2001<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bandung]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[https://sttiss.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Yogyakarta Special Region===<br /> {{main|List of universities in Yogyakarta}}<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Ahmad Dahlan University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Ahmad Dahlan<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UAD<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1960<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.uad.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[AKPRIND Institute of Science and Technology]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Institut Sains dan Teknologi AKPRIND<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|IST AKPRIND<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1970<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.akprind.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Atma Jaya University, Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Atmajaya Yogyakarta<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UAJY<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1965<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.uajy.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[University of Amikom Yogyakarta|College of Information Management and Computer Science AMIKOM Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|STMIK AMIKOM Yogyakarta<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|AMIKOM<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1992<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.amikom.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Duta Wacana Christian University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Kristen Duta Wacana<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UKDW<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1945<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.ukdw.ac.id/2009/id/ |title=Universitas Kristen Duta Wacana |access-date=2011-05-27 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110602061852/http://www.ukdw.ac.id/2009/id/ |archive-date=2011-06-02 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Islamic University of Indonesia]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Islam Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UII<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1945<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.uii.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Mercu Buana University, Yogyakarta<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Mercubuana Yogyakarta<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMBY<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1985<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://mercubuana-yogya.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Muhammadiyah University of Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMY<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1980<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.umy.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Sanata Dharma University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Sanata Dharma<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|USD<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1955<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.usd.ac.id/en]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Aisyiyah University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Aisyiyah<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNISA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1991<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://stikes-aisyiyah-jogja.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; | General Achmad Yani University of Yogyakarta<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; | Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani Yogyakarta<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; | UNJAYA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; | 2018<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; | [[Sleman Regency|Sleman]]<br /> |<br /> [https://unjaya.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Central Java===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Academy of Information and Computer Management PGRI]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Akademi Manajemen Informatika dan Komputer PGRI<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|AMIK PGRI<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1993<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Kebumen Regency|Kebumen]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.amik-kebumen.ac.id]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[:id:Universitas STEKOM|University of Computer Science &amp; Technology]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Sains &amp; Teknologi Komputer<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|Univ STEKOM<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2020<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Semarang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://stekom.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Amikom University of Purwokerto<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Amikom Purwokerto<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|AMPU<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2005<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Purwokerto]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://www.amikompurwokerto.ac.id Link]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[ATMI Polytechnic]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Politeknik ATMI<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|ATMI<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1968<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Surakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.atmi.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Dharma Patria Polytechnic]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Politeknik Dharma Patria<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|POLDA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2002<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Kebumen Regency|Kebumen]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.politeknik-kebumen.ac.id]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Dian Nuswantoro University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Dian Nuswantoro<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UDINUS<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2001<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Semarang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.dinus.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Muhammadiyah Institute of Technology]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi Muhammadiyah<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|STTM<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2001<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Kebumen Regency|Kebumen]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.sttm.ac.id]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Muhammadiyah University of Magelang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMMGL<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1964<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Magelang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Official website|url=https://www.amikompurwokerto.ac.id|access-date=2021-06-28|website=amikompurwokerto.ac.id}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Muhammadiyah University of Purwokerto<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwoketo<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMP<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1964<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Purwokerto]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.ump.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Muhammadiyah University of Purworejo<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Purworejo<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMP<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1964<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Purworejo]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.um-pwr.ac.id/|title= Official website |website=Um-pwr.ac.id|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100801064525/http://www.um-pwr.ac.id/ |access-date=2021-04-05|archive-date= 2010-08-01 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Muhammadiyah University of Semarang<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNIMUS<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1997<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Semarang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://unimus.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMS<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1960<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Surakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.ums.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Muria Kudus University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muria Kudus<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMK<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1982<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Kudus, Indonesia|Kudus]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.umk.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Nahdlatul Ulama Islamic Institute ]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Institut Agama Islam Nahdlatul Ulama<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|IAINU<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1987<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Kebumen Regency|Kebumen]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.iainu-kebumen.ac.id]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Nahdlatul Ulama Islamic University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Islam Nahdlatul Ulama<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNISNU<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1991<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Jepara]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.unisnu.ac.id]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Nahdlatul Ulama Ma'arif University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Ma'arif Nahdlatul Ulama<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMNU<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2014<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Kebumen Regency|Kebumen]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.umnu-kebumen.ac.id] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200620023217/http://umnu-kebumen.ac.id/ |date=2020-06-20 }}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Putra Bangsa University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Putra Bangsa<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UPB<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2001<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Kebumen Regency|Kebumen]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.stieputrabangsa.ac.id]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Qur'anic Science University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Sains Al Qur'an<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNSIQ<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1988<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Wonosobo Regency|Wonosobo]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.unsiq.ac.id]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Satya Wacana Christian University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UKSW<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1956<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Salatiga]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.uksw.edu/id/|title= Official website |website=Uksw.edu|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110529082944/http://www.uksw.edu/id/ |access-date=2021-04-05|archive-date= 2011-05-29 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Soegijapranata Catholic University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Katolik Soegijapranata<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1964<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Semarang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.unika.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Sultan Agung Islamic University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Universitas Islam Sultan Agung]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNISSULA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1962<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Semarang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://unissula.ac.id Link]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===East Java===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|17 August 1945 University Surabaya<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Surabaya<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNTAG<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1958<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Surabaya]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.untag-sby.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Bina Nusantara University Malang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Bina Nusantara Malang<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|BINUS Malang<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2015<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Malang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://binus.ac.id/malang/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Ciputra University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Ciputra<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UC<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2006<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Surabaya]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://ciputra.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Institute of Health Education<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Institut Ilmu Kesehatan<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|IIK<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1985<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Kediri (city)|Kediri]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.iik.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Kertanegara University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu ekonomi Kertanegara Malang<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|STIEKMA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1982<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Malang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.stiekma.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Muhammadiyah University of Gresik<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Gresik<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMG<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1987<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Gresik]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.umg.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Muhammadiyah University of Jember<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Jember<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|Unmuh Jember<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1987<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Jember]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Home: Muhammadiyah University of Jember |url=http://www.unmuhjember.ac.id/ |access-date=February 17, 2024 |website=www.unmuhjember.ac.id}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;| Muhammadiyah University of Malang<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMM<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1964<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Malang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.umm.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Muhammadiyah University of Sidoarjo<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMSIDA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1987<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Sidoarjo]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.umsida.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Muhammadiyah University of Surabaya<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|Unmuh Surabaya<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1964<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Surabaya]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.um-surabaya.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Pelita Harapan University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Pelita Harapan<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UPH<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1993<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Surabaya]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://www.uph.edu//]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Petra Christian University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Kristen Petra<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UKP<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1961<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Surabaya]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.petra.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[University of Surabaya]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Surabaya<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UBAYA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1966<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Surabaya]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.ubaya.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Widya Mandala Catholic University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Katolik Widya Mandala<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UKWMS / WM<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1960<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Surabaya]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.ukwms.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Wijaya Kusuma University, Surabaya]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Wijaya Kusuma Surabaya<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UWK<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1980<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Surabaya]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://uwks.ac.id//]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Wijaya Putra University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Wijaya Putra<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UWP<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1981<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Surabaya]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://uwp.ac.id//]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Telkom University Surabaya<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Telkom Surabaya<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|Tel-U<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;| 2023<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Surabaya]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://surabaya.telkomuniversity.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Kiai Haji Achmad Siddiq State Islamic University Jember]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Islam Negeri Kiai Haji Achmad Siddiq Jember<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UINKHAS<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1997<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Jember]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://stain-jember.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|PGRI MADIUN University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas PGRI MADIUN<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNIPMA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1976<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Madiun]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://ikippgri-madiun.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===North Sumatra===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[HKBP Nommensen University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas HKBP Nommensen<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;| UHN<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1954<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Medan]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://uhn.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Islamic University of North Sumatra<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Islam Sumatera Utara<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UISU<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1953<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Medan]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.uisu.ac.id/ |title= Official website |website=unismuh.ac.id|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20111019142806/http://www.uisu.ac.id/ |access-date=2021-04-05|archive-date= 2011-10-19 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Methodist University of Indonesia]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Methodist Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMI<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1965<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Medan]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.umi-mdn.edu/|title= Official website |website=unismuh.ac.id|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110517033030/http://www.umi-mdn.edu/ |access-date=2021-04-05|archive-date= 2011-05-17 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Royal College of Information and Computer Management]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Sekolah Tinggi Manajemen Informatika dan Komputer Royal<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;| STMIK Royal<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1995<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Kisaran]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://stmiktoyal.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Bengkulu===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Muhammadiyah University of Bengkulu<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Bengkulu<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMB<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1970<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Bengkulu]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.umb.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===South Sumatra===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Muhammadiyah University of Palembang<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Palembang<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMP<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1984<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Palembang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://umpalembang.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[University of Palembang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Palembang<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNPAL<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1982<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Palembang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://unpal.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Lampung===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Muhammadiyah University of Metro<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Metro<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UM Metro<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1991<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Metro, Indonesia]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.ummetro.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Raden Intan Lampung State Islamic University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Intan Lampung<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UINRIL<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1968<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Bandar Lampung]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://iainlampung.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===North Sulawesi===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[De La Salle University (Indonesia)|De La Salle Catholic University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Katolik De La Salle Manado<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2000<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Manado]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.unikadelasalle.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Klabat University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Klabat<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1965<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Manado]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Southeast Sulawesi===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Avicenna College of Health Sciences]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Avicenna<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|STIK Avicenna<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1965<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Kendari]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://stik-avicenna.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===South Sulawesi===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Christian University of Indonesia, Toraja<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Kristen Indonesia, Toraja<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UKIT<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1992<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Tana Toraja]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://ukitoraja.ac.id/webx/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|East Indonesia University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Indonesia Timur<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UIT<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2001<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Makassar]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Indonesia Education Board Management College<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Manajemen Lembaga Pendidikan Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|STIM LPI<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1980<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Makassar]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Indonesian Muslim University Makassar<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muslim Indonesia Makassar<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMI<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1954<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Makassar]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.umi.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Muhammadiyah University Makassar<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Makassar<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMM<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1963<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Makassar]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://unismuh.ac.id/web |title= Official website |website=unismuh.ac.id|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180204202714/http://unismuh.ac.id/web |access-date=2021-04-05|archive-date= 2018-02-04 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Republic of Indonesia Veteran University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Veteran Republik Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UVRI<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1977<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Makassar]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Bali===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Stenden University Bali]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Stenden University Bali<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|SUB<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2009<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Kuta Utara]] [[Badung]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[University of National Education]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Pendidikan Nasional<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNDIKNAS<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1969<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Denpasar]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Universitas Pendidikan Nasional – Undiknas Kampus Milenial |url=http://undiknas.ac.id/ |access-date=2024-02-17 |language=id-ID}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Warmadewa University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Warmadewa<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNWAR<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1983<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Denpasar]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Universitas Warmadewa {{!}} Bermutu, Berintegritas, Berwawasan Lingkungan Kepariwisataan |url=https://www.warmadewa.ac.id/ |access-date=2024-02-17 |website=warmadewa.ac.id}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===East Nusa Tenggara===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Artha Wacana Christian University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Kristen Artha Wacana<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UKAW<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1985<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Kupang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Universitas Kristen Artha Wacana |url=http://ukarthawacana.blogspot.com/ |access-date=2024-02-17 |website=ukarthawacana.blogspot.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===West Papua===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> |30%;&quot;|Muhammadiyah STKIP of Sorong<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|STKIP Muhammadiyah Sorong <br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|STKIP Muh Sorong<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2004<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Sorong (city)|Sorong]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.stkipmuhsorong.ac.id/ |title=Official website |website= www.stkipmuhsorong.ac.id|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180518200203/http://www.stkipmuhsorong.ac.id/ |access-date=2021-04-05|archive-date=2018-05-18 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Riau===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Nurul Hidayah Islamic College]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Nurul Hidayah<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|STAI<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2000<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Selat Panjang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://nurulhidayah.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===West Sumatra===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[National Teacher Training and Education College]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Sekolah Tinggi Keguruan Dan Ilmu Pendidikan Nasional<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|STKIP<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2009<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Padang Pariaman]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://stkip-nasional.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Other institutions==<br /> <br /> Institutions of higher education regulated by Indonesia's Ministry of National Education that are authorized to confer degrees, but without the status of universities include:<br /> <br /> * [[Astra Manufacturing Polytechnic]] (Polman), [[Jakarta]]<br /> * [[Indonesian State College of Accountancy]] (STAN), [[South Tangerang]]<br /> <br /> == Image gallery ==<br /> {{Gallery|File:ITB 1.jpg|alt4=Diponegoro University, Semarang|22=[[Udayana University]], [[Bali]]|23=File:Gate universitas andalas 02.jpg|24=[[Andalas University]], [[Padang]]|alt1=Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung|alt2=Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta|alt3=University of Indonesia, Jakarta|alt5=Airlangga University, Surabaya|20=[[Sebelas Maret University]], [[Surakarta]]|title=|alt6=University of Brawijaya, Malang|alt7=Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology, Surabaya|alt8=Bogor Agricultural Institute, Bogor|alt9=Padjadjaran University, Bandung|alt10=Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta|alt11=Udayana University, Bali|21=File:Udayana rectorate building.jpg|19=File:Sebelas Maret University entrance gate.JPG|[[Bandung Institute of Technology]], [[Bandung]]|9=File:Universitas Airlangga.jpg|File:Gedung Pusat (Rektorat) UGM.jpg|[[Gadjah Mada University]], [[Yogyakarta]]|File:No 18 Rektorat Universitas Indonesia.jpg|[[University of Indonesia]], [[Jakarta]]|File:Widya puraya undip.jpg|[[Diponegoro University]], [[Semarang]]|10=[[Airlangga University]], [[Surabaya]]|18=[[Padjadjaran University]], [[Bandung]]|11=File:MonumenTuguUB.jpg|12=[[University of Brawijaya]], [[Malang]]|13=File:Its library front.JPG|14=[[Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology]], [[Surabaya]]|15=File:BogorAgriculturalUniversityEntrance.jpg|16=[[IPB University|Bogor Agricultural Institute]], [[Bogor]]|17=File:Rectorate of University of Padjadjaran.jpg|alt12=Andalas University, Padang}}<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[Education in Indonesia]]<br /> * [[Seleksi Nasional Berdasarkan Tes|Test-Based National Selection]] (SNBT)<br /> * [[List of Indonesian agricultural universities and colleges]]<br /> * [[Union of Catholic University Students of the Republic of Indonesia]] (PMKRI)<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{notelist}}{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110512205214/http://kemdiknas.go.id/ Ministry of National Education of Indonesia]<br /> * [https://web.archive.org/web/20150923151942/http://ban-pt.kemdiknas.go.id/ National Accreditation Board for Higher Education]<br /> * [http://carikampus.com/ Social Indonesia University Listing]<br /> <br /> {{Universities in Indonesia|state=expanded}}<br /> {{Asia topic|List of universities in}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Universities In Indonesia}}<br /> [[Category:Universities in Indonesia|*]]<br /> [[Category:Indonesia education-related lists]]<br /> [[Category:Lists of universities and colleges in Asia|Indonesia]]<br /> [[Category:Lists of universities and colleges in Indonesia| ]]<br /> [[Category:Lists of universities and colleges by country|Indonesia]]<br /> <br /> [[id:Daftar perguruan tinggi di Indonesia]]<br /> [[jv:Dhaptar perguruan tinggi ing Indonésia]]</div> Xbypass https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_universities_in_Indonesia&diff=1240924740 List of universities in Indonesia 2024-08-18T08:32:57Z <p>Xbypass: /* Private universities */</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|none}}<br /> {{Incomplete list|date=September 2011}}<br /> <br /> This is a '''list of [[University|universities]], colleges, polytechnics and other [[higher education in Indonesia]]'''.<br /> <br /> According to the former Directorate General of Higher Education (now part of the Ministry of Research, Technology, &amp; Higher Education), in 2022 there were 4,004 higher education institutions (3,820 private and 184 public).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Statistik Indonesia 2024 |url=https://www.bps.go.id/id/publication/2024/02/28/c1bacde03256343b2bf769b0/statistik-indonesia-2024.html |access-date=2024-03-02 |language=id-ID}}&lt;/ref&gt; Higher education in Indonesia offers, academic degrees, vocational degrees, and professional degrees. They are provided by the following types of institutions:<br /> <br /> * '''Community Academy''' provides vocational education for diploma one and/or diploma two programs in regencies/municipalities based on local excellence or to meet special needs.<br /> * '''Academy''', offers vocational education in a number of fields of common origin such as a military academy and nursing academy.<br /> * '''Polytechnic''', offers vocational education, and/or professional education in various fields<br /> * '''Specialised College''' (''Sekolah Tinggi''), offers academic education and can provide vocational and/or professional education in 1 (one) specific cluster<br /> * '''Institute''', offers academic education and can provide vocational and/or professional education in a number of fields of common origin (technological cluster for example)<br /> * '''University''', offers academic education, and can provide vocational education, and/or professional education in various fields<br /> <br /> There are several levels of degrees that can be achieved in higher education, which are split into six levels:<br /> <br /> * '''D1 - Ahli Pratama''' (A.P.) is a one year education program consisting of 32 credits and a final assignment in the form of practical work and scientific work reports. The title translates to &quot;Primary Expert&quot;.<br /> * '''D2 - Ahli Muda''' (A.Ma.) is a two year education program consisting of 64 credits. The title translates to &quot;Young Expert&quot;.<br /> * '''D3 - Ahli Madya''' (A.Md.) is a three year higher education programm consisting of 112 credits. The title translates to &quot;Associate Expert&quot;.<br /> * '''D4 - Sarjana Terapan''' (S.Tr.) is a four year higher education programm consisting of 144 credits. The title translates to &quot;Bachelor of Applied [...]&quot; followed by the subject.<br /> * '''S1 - Sarjana''' is a four to seven years higher education program, depending on the university, which requires a scientific thesis. This is equivalent to a Bachelor's degree.<br /> * '''S2 - Magister''' is a one to two year graduate program which requires a scientific thesis. This is equivalent to a Master's degree.<br /> * '''S3 - Doktor:''' is a three to seven years graduate program which requires a scientific dissertation.<br /> <br /> ==Public higher education institutions==<br /> There are 125 public higher education institutions divided into 63 public universities, 13 Institutes, 44 Polytechnics, and 5 Community Colleges.<br /> <br /> ===Public universities===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! PT Code&lt;br /&gt;{{small|001-}}<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Abbrev.<br /> ! Founding Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Accred.&lt;ref name=&quot;banpt&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Badan Akreditasi Nasional–Perguruan Tinggi|trans-title=National Accreditation Organization for Higher Education|url=https://www.banpt.or.id/direktori/institusi/pencarian_institusi.php|access-date=2022-01-03}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 001<br /> | '''[[Gadjah Mada University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Gadjah Mada''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UGM<br /> | 1949, 19 December <br /> | [[Sleman]] and [[Yogyakarta]], [[Special Region of Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Universitas Gadjah Mada |url=https://ugm.ac.id/id/ |access-date=2024-02-17 |website=ugm.ac.id |language=id-ID}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 002<br /> | '''[[University of Indonesia]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Indonesia''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UI<br /> | 1849, 2 January {{small|(as ''Dokter-Djawa School Batavia'')}}&lt;br /&gt;1950, 2 February {{small|(as ''Universiteit Indonesia'')}}&lt;br /&gt;1955, 11 July {{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Jakarta]] and [[Depok]], [[West Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Universitas Indonesia |url=https://www.ui.ac.id/ |access-date=2024-02-17 |website=Universitas Indonesia |language=id-ID}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 003<br /> | '''[[University of North Sumatra]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Sumatera Utara''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| USU<br /> | 1952, 20 August<br /> | [[Medan]], [[North Sumatra]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Beranda {{!}} Universitas Sumatera Utara |url=https://www.usu.ac.id/id |access-date=2024-02-17 |website=Website Universitas Sumatera Utara}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 004<br /> | '''[[Airlangga University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Airlangga''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNAIR<br /> | 1954, 1 November<br /> | [[Surabaya]], [[East Java]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|7|16|18|S|112|45|29|E}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Beranda UNAIR |url=https://unair.ac.id/ |access-date=2024-02-17 |website=Universitas Airlangga Official Website |language=id-ID}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 005<br /> | '''[[University of Hasanuddin]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Hasanuddin''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNHAS<br /> | 1956, 10 September<br /> | [[Makassar]], [[South Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unhas.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 006<br /> | '''[[Universitas Andalas|Andalas University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Andalas''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNAND<br /> | 1955, 13 September <br /> | [[Padang]], [[West Sumatra]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unand.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 007<br /> | '''[[Padjadjaran University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Padjadjaran''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNPAD<br /> | 1957, 11 September<br /> | [[Bandung]] and Jatinangor, [[West Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unpad.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 008<br /> | '''[[Diponegoro University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Diponegoro''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNDIP<br /> | 1957, 9 January<br /> | [[Semarang]], [[Central Java]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|-7.049|110.438|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.undip.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 009<br /> | '''[[Sriwijaya University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Sriwijaya''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNSRI<br /> | 1960, 29 October<br /> | [[Palembang]] and Indralaya, [[South Sumatra]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unsri.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 010<br /> | '''[[Lambung Mangkurat University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Lambung Mangkurat''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| ULM<br /> | 1958, 1 September <br /> | [[Banjarmasin]] and [[Banjarbaru]], [[South Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| A<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.ulm.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 011<br /> | '''[[Syiah Kuala University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Syiah Kuala''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| USK<br /> | 1961, 2 September<br /> | [[Banda Aceh]], [[Aceh]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.usk.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 012<br /> | '''[[Sam Ratulangi University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Sam Ratulangi''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNSRAT<br /> | 1965, 14 September<br /> | [[Manado]], [[North Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unsrat.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 013<br /> | '''[[Udayana University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Udayana''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNUD<br /> | 1962, 17 August<br /> | [[Badung]], [[Bali]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|8|47|56|S|115|10|19|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unud.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 014<br /> | '''[[University of Nusa Cendana]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Nusa Cendana''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNDANA<br /> | 1962, 1 September<br /> | [[Kupang]], [[East Nusa Tenggara]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|-10.1545227|123.6590252|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.undana.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 015<br /> | '''[[Mulawarman University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Mulawarman''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNMUL<br /> | 1962, 27 September <br /> | [[Samarinda]], [[East Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unmul.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 016<br /> | '''[[University of Mataram]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Mataram''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNRAM<br /> | 1962, 1 October<br /> | [[Mataram (city)|Mataram]], [[West Nusa Tenggara]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unram.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 017<br /> | '''[[University of Riau]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Riau''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNRI<br /> | 1962, 1 September<br /> | [[Pekanbaru]], [[Riau]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|0.4764|101.3806|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| A<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unri.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 018<br /> | '''[[Cenderawasih University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Cenderawasih''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNCEN<br /> | 1962, 10 November<br /> | [[Jayapura]], [[Papua (province)|Papua]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.uncen.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 019<br /> | '''[[University of Brawijaya]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Brawijaya''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UB<br /> | 1963, 5 January<br /> | [[Malang]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.ub.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 020<br /> | '''[[University of Jambi]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Jambi''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNJA<br /> | 1963, 26 March<br /> | [[Jambi (city)]], [[Jambi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unja.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 021<br /> | '''[[Pattimura University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Pattimura''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNPATTI<br /> | 1963, 23 April<br /> | [[Ambon, Maluku|Ambon]], [[Maluku (province)|Maluku]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unpatti.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 022<br /> | '''[[Tanjungpura University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Tanjungpura''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNTAN<br /> | 1959, 20 May<br /> | [[Pontianak, Indonesia|Pontianak]], [[West Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| A<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.untan.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 023<br /> | '''[[Jenderal Soedirman University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Jenderal Soedirman''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNSOED<br /> | 1963, 23 September <br /> | [[Purwokerto]] and [[Purbalingga]], [[Central Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| A<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unsoed.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 024<br /> | '''[[University of Palangkaraya]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Palangkaraya''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UPR<br /> | 1963, 10 November <br /> | [[Palangka Raya]], [[Central Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.upr.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 025<br /> | '''[[University of Jember]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Jember''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNEJ<br /> | 1964, 10 November <br /> | [[Jember]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.unej.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 026<br /> | '''[[Lampung University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Lampung''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNILA<br /> | 1965, 22 September<br /> | [[Bandar Lampung]], [[Lampung]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|5|21|52.24|S|105|14|36.38|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unila.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 027<br /> | '''[[Sebelas Maret University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Sebelas Maret''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNS<br /> | 1976, 11 March<br /> | [[Surakarta]], [[Central Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.uns.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 028<br /> | '''[[Tadulako University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Tadulako''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNTAD<br /> | 1981, 1 May<br /> | [[Palu]], [[Central Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.untad.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 029<br /> | '''[[Haluoleo University|Halu Oleo University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Halu Oleo''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UHO<br /> | 1981, 19 August<br /> | [[Kendari]], [[Southeast Sulawesi]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|4|0|31.72|S|122|31|21.65|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.uho.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 030<br /> | '''[[University of Bengkulu]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Bengkulu''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNIB<br /> | 1982, 24 April<br /> | [[Bengkulu (city)]], [[Bengkulu]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|3|45|35.27|S|102|16|20.8|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unib.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 031<br /> | '''[[Universitas Terbuka|Indonesia Open University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Terbuka''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UT<br /> | 1984, 4 September <br /> | [[South Tangerang]], [[Banten]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|6| 20|41.6|S|106|45|29.11|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| A<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.ut.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 032<br /> | '''[[State University of Padang]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Negeri Padang''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNP<br /> | 1954, 23 October<br /> | [[Padang]], [[West Sumatra]]&lt;br /&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unp.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 033<br /> | '''[[State University of Malang]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Negeri Malang''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UM<br /> | 1954, 18 October<br /> | [[Malang]] and [[Blitar]], [[East Java]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|7|57|46.78|S|112|37|6.41|E}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.um.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 034<br /> | '''[[Indonesia University of Education]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UPI<br /> | 1954, 20 October<br /> | [[Bandung]], [[West Java]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|6|51|48.24|S|107|35|39.48|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.upi.edu/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 035<br /> | '''[[State University of Manado]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Negeri Manado''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNIMA<br /> | 1955, 22 September<br /> | [[Minahasa Regency|Minahasa]], [[North Sulawesi]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|1|15|59.7|N|124|52|59.4|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unima.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 036<br /> | '''[[State University of Makassar]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Negeri Makassar''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNM<br /> | 1961, 1 August<br /> | [[Makassar]], [[South Sulawesi]]&lt;br /&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unm.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 037<br /> | '''[[State University of Jakarta]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Negeri Jakarta''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNJ<br /> | 1964, 16 May <br /> | [[Jakarta]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|6|11|40.2|S|106|52|43.7|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unj.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 038<br /> | '''[[Yogyakarta State University|State University of Yogyakarta]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNY<br /> | 1964, 21 May <br /> | [[Sleman]] and [[Yogyakarta]], [[Special Region of Yogyakarta]]&lt;br /&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.uny.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 039<br /> | '''[[State University of Surabaya]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Negeri Surabaya''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNESA<br /> | 1964, 19 December<br /> | [[Surabaya]], [[East Java]]&lt;br /&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unesa.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 040<br /> | '''[[State University of Medan]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Negeri Medan''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNIMED<br /> | 1956<br /> | [[Medan]], [[North Sumatra]]&lt;br /&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| A<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unimed.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 041<br /> | '''[[State University of Semarang]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Negeri Semarang''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNNES<br /> | 1965<br /> | [[Semarang]], [[Central Java]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|7|2| 55.4|S|110|23|22.7|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unnes.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 042<br /> | '''[[Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNTIRTA<br /> | 1981<br /> | [[Serang]] and [[Cilegon]], [[Banten]]&lt;br /&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.untirta.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 043<br /> | '''[[Trunojoyo University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Trunojoyo''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNIJOYO<br /> | 1964, 15 August<br /> | [[Bangkalan Regency|Bangkalan]], [[East Java]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{Coord|7|7|39.9|S|112|43|23.1|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.trunojoyo.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 044<br /> | '''[[Khairun University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Khairun''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNKHAIR<br /> | 1964, 15 August<br /> | [[Ternate]], [[North Maluku]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{Coord|0|45|45.2|N|127|20|10.6|E}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unkhair.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 045<br /> | '''[[University of Papua]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Papua''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNIPA<br /> | 2000, 3 November<br /> | [[Manokwari]], [[West Papua (province)|West Papua]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unipa.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 046<br /> | '''[[Malikussaleh University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Malikussaleh''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNIMAL<br /> | 1969, 12 June<br /> | [[North Aceh Regency|North Aceh]], [[Aceh]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|5|14|2.56|N|96|59|14.22|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unimal.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 047<br /> | '''[[State University of Gorontalo]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Negeri Gorontalo''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNG<br /> | 1963, 1 September<br /> | [[Gorontalo (city)|Gorontalo]], [[Gorontalo]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|0|33|23.07|N|123|3|48.98|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.ung.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 048<br /> | '''[[Ganesha University of Education]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNDIKSHA<br /> | 2006, 11 Mei<br /> | [[Singaraja]], [[Bali]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| A<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.undiksha.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 049<br /> | '''[[University of Bangka Belitung]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Bangka Belitung''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UBB<br /> | 2006, 12 April<br /> | [[Pangkalpinang]], [[Bangka Belitung]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|2|4|11.8|S|106|4|38.7|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.ubb.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 050<br /> | '''[[Borneo Tarakan University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Borneo Tarakan''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UBT<br /> | 1999, 9 October<br /> | [[Tarakan]], [[North Kalimantan]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|3|18|11.3|N|117|38|55.8|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.ubt.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 051<br /> | '''[[Musamus Merauke University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Musamus Merauke''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNMUS<br /> | 2001, 26 January<br /> | [[Merauke]], [[South Papua]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|8|31|54.7|S|140|25|1.5|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}} <br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unmus.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 052<br /> | '''[[:id:Universitas Maritim Raja Ali Haji|Raja Ali Haji Maritime University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Maritim Raja Ali Haji''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UMRAH<br /> | 2007, 1 August<br /> | [[Tanjungpinang]], [[Riau Islands]]&lt;br /&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}} <br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.umrah.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 053<br /> | '''[[Samudra University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Samudra''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNSAM<br /> | 1985, 22 October<br /> | [[Langsa]], [[Aceh]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|4|27|27.4|N|97|58|17.3|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}} <br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unsam.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 054<br /> | '''[[Universitas Sulawesi Barat|University of West Sulawesi]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Sulawesi Barat''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNSULBAR<br /> | 2004, 22 September<br /> | [[Majene]], [[West Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unsulbar.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 055<br /> | '''[[Sembilanbelas November University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Sembilanbelas November''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| USN<br /> | 1984, 16 April<br /> | [[Kolaka Regency|Kolaka]], [[Southeast Sulawesi]]&lt;br /&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.usn.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 056<br /> | '''[[Tidar University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Tidar''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNTIDAR<br /> | 1980<br /> | [[Magelang]], [[Central Java]]&lt;br /&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B <br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.untidar.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 057<br /> | '''[[Siliwangi University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Siliwangi''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNSIL<br /> | 1978<br /> | [[Tasikmalaya]], [[West Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B <br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unsil.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 058<br /> | '''[[Teuku Umar University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Teuku Umar''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UTU<br /> | 2006, 10 November<br /> | [[Meulaboh]], [[Aceh]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|4|8|44.2|N|96|11|50.4|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.utu.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 059<br /> | '''[[University of Pembangunan Nasional Veteran|University of National Development &quot;Veteran&quot; East Java]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Pembangunan Nasional &quot;Veteran&quot; Jawa Timur''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UPNVJT<br /> | 1959, 5 July<br /> | [[Surabaya]], [[East Java]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{coord|7|20|0| S|112|47|24|E|}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| A<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.upnjatim.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 060<br /> | '''[[Timor University]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Timor''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNIMOR<br /> | 2000, 16 July<br /> | [[North Central Timor Regency|North Central Timor]], [[East Nusa Tenggara]]&lt;br /&gt;{{small|{{Coord|9|30|45.7|S|124|30|41.8|E}}}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unimor.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 061<br /> | '''[[:id:Universitas Pembangunan Nasional &quot;Veteran&quot; Jakarta|University of National Development &quot;Veteran&quot; Jakarta]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Pembangunan Nasional &quot;Veteran&quot; Jakarta''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UPNVJ<br /> | 1967, 21 February <br /> | [[Jakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.upnvj.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 062<br /> | '''[[:id:Universitas Pembangunan Nasional &quot;Veteran&quot; Yogyakarta|University of National Development &quot;Veteran&quot; Yogyakarta]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Pembangunan Nasional &quot;Veteran&quot; Yogyakarta''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UPNYK<br /> | 1958, 15 December<br /> | [[Sleman]], [[Special Region of Yogyakarta]]&lt;br /&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B <br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.upnyk.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 063<br /> | '''[[University of Singaperbangsa Karawang]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Singaperbangsa Karawang''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UNSIKA<br /> | 1982, 2 February<br /> | [[Karawang]], [[West Java]]&lt;br /&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B <br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.unsika.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Public institutes===<br /> <br /> There are 13 Public Institutes in Indonesia: 5 Institutes of Technology, 1 Institute of Agriculture, 4 Institute of Arts (ISI), and 3 Institute of Arts and Culture (ISBI).<br /> <br /> Two more Institute of Arts and Culture is planned in East Kalimantan and South Sulawesi. However, ISBI Kaltim and ISBI Sulsel in form of ISI Yogyakarta and ISI Surakarta's PSDKU has no definite timeline in being separated.<br /> <br /> {{Sticky header}}{{Sort under}}<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable sticky-header-multi sort-under&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! style=&quot;width:5%&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Code&lt;br&gt;{{small|002-}}<br /> ! style=&quot;width:30%&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| Name<br /> ! style=&quot;width:10%&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot;| Abbrev.<br /> ! style=&quot;width:10%&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Year Founded<br /> ! style=&quot;width:30%&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot;| Location<br /> ! style=&quot;width:10%&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Accred.<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; style=&quot;width:5%&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ref<br /> |-<br /> ! Province<br /> ! City<br /> |-<br /> | 001<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''[[Bandung Institute of Technology]]'''&lt;br&gt;{{resize|90%|({{lang|id|Institut Teknologi Bandung|italic=no}})}}<br /> | ITB<br /> | 1920<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flag|West Java}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Bandung]]&lt;br&gt;{{small|{{coord|6|53|27.25|S|107|36|37.36|E|name=Bandung Institute of Technology|}}}}<br /> | {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | [http://www.itb.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 002<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''[[Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology]]'''&lt;br&gt;{{resize|90%|({{lang|id|Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember|italic=no}})}}<br /> | ITS<br /> | 1957<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flag|East Java}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Surabaya]]&lt;br&gt;{{small|{{coord|7|16|54|S|112|47|41|E|name=Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology|}}}}<br /> | {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | [http://www.its.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 003<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''[[IPB University]]'''&lt;br&gt;{{resize|90%|({{lang|id|Institut Pertanian Bogor|italic=no}})}}<br /> | IPB<br /> | 1963<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flag|West Java}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Bogor Regency|Bogor]]<br /> | {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | [http://www.ipb.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 005<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''[[Indonesian Institute of the Arts, Yogyakarta]]'''&lt;br&gt;{{resize|90%|({{lang|id|Institut Seni Indonesia Yogyakarta|italic=no}})}}<br /> | ISI Yogyakarta<br /> | 1984<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flag|Special Region of Yogyakarta}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Bantul Regency|Bantul]]&lt;br&gt;{{small|{{coord|7|51|08.6|S|110|21|21.21|E|name=Indonesian Institute of the Arts, Yogyakarta}}}}<br /> | A<br /> | [http://www.isi.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 007<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''[[Indonesian Institute of the Arts, Denpasar]]'''&lt;br&gt;{{resize|90%|({{lang|id|Institut Seni Indonesia Denpasar|italic=no}})}}<br /> | ISI Denpasar<br /> | 1967<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flag|Bali}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Denpasar]]&lt;br&gt;{{small|{{coord|8|39|12.93|S|115|13|57.5|E|name=Indonesian Institute of the Arts, Denpasar|}}}}<br /> | A<br /> | [https://www.isi-dps.ac.id]<br /> |-<br /> | 008<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''[[Indonesian Institute of the Arts, Surakarta]]'''&lt;br&gt;{{resize|90%|({{lang|id|Institut Seni Indonesia Surakarta|italic=no}})}}<br /> | ISI Surakarta<br /> | 1964<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flag|Central Java}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Surakarta]]<br /> | {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | [http://www.isi-ska.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 009<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''Indonesian Institute of the Arts, Padang Panjang'''&lt;br&gt;{{resize|90%|({{lang|id|Institut Seni Indonesia Padang Panjang|italic=no}})}}<br /> | ISI Padang Panjang <br /> | 1965<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flag|West Sumatra}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Padang Panjang]]<br /> | B<br /> | [http://www.isi-padangpanjang.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 010<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''[[Bandung Institute of Indonesian Arts and Culture]]'''&lt;br&gt;{{resize|90%|({{lang|id|Institut Seni Budaya Indonesia Bandung|italic=no}})}}<br /> | ISBI Bandung<br /> | 1968<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flag|West Java}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Bandung]]<br /> | {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | [https://www.isbi.ac.id]<br /> |-<br /> | 011<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''Aceh Institute of Indonesian Arts and Culture'''&lt;br&gt;{{resize|90%|({{lang|id|Institut Seni Budaya Indonesia Aceh|italic=no}})}}<br /> | ISBI Aceh<br /> | 2014<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flag|Aceh}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Aceh Besar Regency|Great Aceh]]<br /> | {{small|Good}}<br /> | [http://isbiaceh.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 012<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''Tanah Papua Institute of Indonesian Arts and Culture'''&lt;br&gt;{{resize|90%|({{lang|id|Institut Seni Budaya Indonesia Tanah Papua|italic=no}})}}<br /> | ISBI Tanah Papua<br /> | 2014<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flag|Papua}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Jayapura]]<br /> | <br /> | [http://isbi-tanahpapua.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 013<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''[[Kalimantan Institute of Technology]]'''&lt;br&gt;{{resize|90%|({{lang|id|Institut Teknologi Kalimantan|italic=no}})}}<br /> | ITK<br /> | 2014<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flag|East Kalimantan}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Balikpapan]]&lt;br&gt;{{small|{{coord|1|09|01.5|S|116|51|39.2|E|name=Kalimantan Institute of Technology|}}}}<br /> | B<br /> | [http://www.itk.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 014<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''[[Sumatera Institute of Technology]]'''&lt;br&gt;{{resize|90%|({{lang|id|Institut Teknologi Sumatera|italic=no}})}}<br /> | ITERA<br /> | 2014<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flag|Lampung}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[South Lampung Regency|South Lampung]]<br /> | {{small|Good}}<br /> | [http://www.itera.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 015<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''Habibie Institute of Technology'''&lt;br&gt;{{resize|90%|({{lang|id|Institut Teknologi Bacharuddin Jusuf Habibie|italic=no}})}}<br /> | ITH<br /> | 2014<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| {{flag|South Sulawesi}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Parepare]]<br /> | <br /> | [http://www.ith.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Public polytechnics===<br /> Currently, there are 44 Public Polytechnics in Indonesia. They consist of 1 Electronic Engineering Polytechnic, 2 Manufacturing Polytechnics, 1 Maritime Polytechnic, 1 Fishery Polytechnic, 1 Shipbuilding Polytechnic, 4 Agricultural Polytechnics, and 34 &quot;general&quot; Polytechnics.<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! PT Code&lt;br /&gt;{{small|005-}}<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Abbrev.<br /> ! Founding Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Accred.<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 001<br /> | '''Bandung Polytechnic for Manufacturing'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Manufaktur Bandung''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLMAN<br /> | 1977, 24 March<br /> | [[Bandung]], [[West Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.polman-bandung.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 002<br /> | '''[[Jakarta State Polytechnic]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Jakarta''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| PNJ<br /> | 1982, 22 September<br /> | [[Depok]], [[West Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.pnj.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 003<br /> | '''Medan State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Medan''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLMED<br /> | 1982, 20 September<br /> | [[Medan]], [[North Sumatra]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.polmed.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 004<br /> | '''Bandung State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Bandung''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLBAN<br /> | 1979, 27 January<br /> | [[Bandung]], [[West Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.polban.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 005<br /> | '''Semarang State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Semarang''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLINES<br /> | 1982, 6 August<br /> | [[Semarang]], [[Central Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| A<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.polines.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 006<br /> | '''[[Sriwijaya State Polytechnics|Sriwijaya State Polytechnic]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLSRI<br /> | 1982, 20 September<br /> | [[Palembang]], [[South Sumatra]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.polsri.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 007<br /> | '''Lampung State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Lampung''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLINELA<br /> | 1984, 7 April<br /> | [[Bandar Lampung]], [[Lampung]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.polinela.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 008<br /> | '''Ambon State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Ambon''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLNAM<br /> | 1987, 5 October<br /> | [[Ambon, Maluku|Ambon]], [[Maluku (province)]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.polnam.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 009<br /> | '''[[Padang State Polytechnic]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Padang''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| PNP<br /> | 1985, 12 March<br /> | [[Padang, Indonesia|Padang]], [[West Sumatra]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.pnp.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 010<br /> | '''Bali State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Bali''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| PNB<br /> | 1985, 3 December<br /> | [[Kuta]], [[Bali]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.pnb.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 011<br /> | '''Pontianak State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Pontianak''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLNEP<br /> | 1985, 3 December<br /> | [[Pontianak, Indonesia|Pontianak]], [[West Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.polnep.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 012<br /> | '''Ujung Pandang State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Ujung Pandang''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| PNUP<br /> | 1987, 10 May<br /> | [[Makassar]], [[South Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.poliupg.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 013<br /> | '''Manado State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Manado''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLIMDO<br /> | 1987, 9 November<br /> | [[Manado]], [[North Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.polimdo.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 014<br /> | '''[[Surabaya Shipbuilding State Polytechnic]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Perkapalan Negeri Surabaya''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| PPNS<br /> | 1987, 17 September&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://jdih.kemdikbud.go.id/arsip/permendikbud_tahun2014_nomor042.pdf |title= PERATURAN MENTERI PENDIDIKAN DAN KEBUDAYAAN REPUBLIK INDONESIA |date=2014 |website=jdih.kemdikbud.go.id |access-date=2021-04-05}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | [[Surabaya]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| A<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.ppns.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 015<br /> | '''Banjarmasin State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Banjarmasin''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLIBAN<br /> | 1987, 13 July<br /> | [[Banjarmasin]], [[South Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;width:1%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://www.poliban.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 016<br /> | '''Lhokseumawe State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Lhokseumawe''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| PNL<br /> | 1987, 5 October<br /> | [[Lhokseumawe]], [[Aceh]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.pnl.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 017<br /> | '''Kupang State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Kupang''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| PNK<br /> | 1985, 11 March<br /> | [[Kupang]], [[East Nusa Tenggara]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.pnk.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 018<br /> | '''[[Electronic Engineering Polytechnic Institute of Surabaya]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Elektronika Negeri Surabaya''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| PENS<br /> | 1986, 29 May<br /> | [[Surabaya]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| A<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.pens.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 019<br /> | '''Jember State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Jember''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLIJE<br /> | 1988, 29 October<br /> | [[Jember]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.polije.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 020<br /> | '''Pangkajene Kepulauan State Polytechnic for Agriculture'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Pertanian Negeri Pangkajene Kepulauan''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLIPANGKEP<br /> | 1990, 9 September<br /> | [[Pangkajene and Islands Regency|Pangkep]], [[South Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.politanipangkep.com/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 021<br /> | '''Kupang State Agricultural Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Pertanian Negeri Kupang''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLITANIKOE<br /> | 1984, 7 April<br /> | [[Kupang]], [[East Nusa Tenggara]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[https://politanikoe.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 022<br /> | '''Tual State Polytechnic for Fisheries'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Perikanan Negeri Tual''}} <br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLIKANT<br /> | 1997, 18 July<br /> | [[Tual]], [[Maluku (province)|Maluku]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.polikant.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 023<br /> | '''Malang State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Malang''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLINEMA<br /> | 1979, 27 January<br /> | [[Malang]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.polinema.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 024<br /> | '''Samarinda State Agricultural Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Pertanian Negeri Samarinda''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLITANI Samarinda<br /> | 1997, 28 April<br /> | [[Samarinda]], [[East Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.politanisamarinda.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 025<br /> | '''Payakumbuh State Agricultural Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Pertanian Negeri Payakumbuh''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| PPNP<br /> | 1989, 6 February<br /> | [[Payakumbuh]], [[West Sumatra]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [https://politanipyk.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 026<br /> | '''Samarinda State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Samarinda''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLNES<br /> | 1985, 3 December<br /> | [[Samarinda]], [[East Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.polnes.ac.id/]<br /> |- <br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 027<br /> | '''Creative Media State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Media Kreatif''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLIMEDIA<br /> | 2008, 8 October <br /> | [[Jakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.polimedia.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 028<br /> | '''Bangka Belitung State Polytechnic for Manufacturing'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Manufaktur Negeri Bangka Belitung''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLMANBABEL<br /> | 2010, 18 October<br /> | [[Sungailiat]], [[Bangka Belitung Islands]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [https://www.polman-babel.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 029<br /> | '''Batam State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Batam''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLIBATAM<br /> | 2010, 18 October<br /> | [[Batam]], [[Riau Islands]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[https://www.polibatam.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 030<br /> | '''Nusa Utara State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Nusa Utara''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLNUSTAR<br /> | 2011, 22 June<br /> | [[Tahuna, Indonesia|Tahuna]], [[North Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [https://www.polnustar.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 031<br /> | '''Bengkalis State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Bengkalis''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLBENG<br /> | 2011, 29 July<br /> | [[Bengkalis Regency|Bengkalis]], [[Riau]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.polbeng.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 032<br /> | '''Balikpapan State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Balikpapan''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLTEKBA<br /> | 2011, 9 September<br /> | [[Balikpapan]], [[East Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://poltekba.ac.id/website/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 033<br /> | '''Madura State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Madura''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLTERA<br /> | 2012<br /> | [[Sampang Regency|Sampang]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.poltera.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 034<br /> | '''Indonesia Maritime State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Maritim Negeri Indonesia''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLIMARIN<br /> | 2012, 19 September<br /> | [[Semarang]], [[Central Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [https://polimarin.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 035<br /> | '''Banyuwangi State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Banyuwangi''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLIWANGI<br /> | 2008<br /> | [[Banyuwangi Regency|Banyuwangi]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [https://www.poliwangi.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 036<br /> | '''Madiun State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Madiun''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| PNM<br /> | 2012, 30 October<br /> | [[Madiun]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.pnm.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 037<br /> | '''Fakfak State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Fakfak''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLINEF<br /> | 2012<br /> | [[Fakfak]], [[West Papua (province)|West Papua]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [https://polinef.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 038<br /> | '''Sambas State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Sambas''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLTESA<br /> | 2007<br /> | [[Sambas Regency|Sambas]], [[West Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [https://poltesa.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 039<br /> | '''Tanah Laut State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Tanah Laut''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLITALA<br /> | 2009, 25 September<br /> | [[Tanah Laut Regency|Tanah Laut]], [[South Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.politala.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 040<br /> | '''Subang State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Subang''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLSUB<br /> | 2014, 1 April<br /> | [[Subang Regency|Subang]], [[West Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [https://www.polsub.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 041<br /> | '''Ketapang State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Ketapang''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLITAP<br /> | 2006<br /> | [[Ketapang]], [[West Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [https://politap.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 042<br /> | '''Cilacap State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Cilacap''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| PNC<br /> | 2014, 3 October<br /> | [[Cilacap Regency|Cilacap]], [[Central Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[https://pnc.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 043<br /> | '''Indramayu State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Indramayu''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| POLINDRA<br /> | 2008, 8 July&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://docplayer.info/50205964-Peraturan-menteri-riset-teknologi-dan-pendidikan-tinggi-republik-indonesia-nomor-70-tahun-2016-tentang-statuta-politeknik-negeri-indramayu.html|title=PERATURAN MENTERI RISET, TEKNOLOGI, DAN PENDIDIKAN TINGGI REPUBLIK INDONESIA NOMOR 70 TAHUN 2016 TENTANG STATUTA POLITEKNIK NEGERI INDRAMAYU - PDF Free Download|website=docplayer.info}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | [[Indramayu Regency|Indramayu]], [[West Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;width:1%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://www.polindra.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 044<br /> | '''Nunukan State Polytechnic'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Politeknik Negeri Nunukan''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| PNN<br /> | 2014, 8 October<br /> | [[Nunukan Regency|Nunukan]], [[North Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> <br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;|[https://www.pnn.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Public community colleges===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! PT Code&lt;br /&gt;{{small|006-}}<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Abbrev.<br /> ! Founding Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Accred.<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 001<br /> | '''State Community College of Pacitan'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Akademi Komunitas Negeri Pacitan''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| AKN Pacitan<br /> | 2013, 11 October<br /> | [[Pacitan Regency|Pacitan]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://aknpacitan.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 002<br /> | '''State Community College of Putra Sang Fajar Blitar'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Akademi Komunitas Negeri Putra Sang Fajar Blitar''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| AKB<br /> | 2014, 17 October<br /> | [[Blitar]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.akb.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 003<br /> | '''State Community College of West Aceh'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Akademi Komunitas Negeri Aceh Barat''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| AKN Aceh Barat<br /> | 2014, 17 October<br /> | [[West Aceh Regency|West Aceh]], [[Aceh]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.aknacehbarat.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 004<br /> | '''State Community College of Rejang Lebong'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Akademi Komunitas Negeri Rejang Lebong''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| AKREL<br /> | 2018, 4 April<br /> | [[Rejang Lebong Regency|Rejang Lebong]], [[Bengkulu]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.akrel.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 005<br /> | '''State Community College of Arts and Culture Yogyakarta'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Akademi Komunitas Negeri Seni dan Budaya Yogyakarta''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| AKNSB Yogyakarta<br /> | 2020<br /> | [[Bantul Regency|Bantul]], [[Special Region of Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://www.aknyogya.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Public Religious higher education institutions==<br /> Public religious higher education institutions (PTKN) are under the responsibility of the [[Ministry of Religious Affairs (Indonesia)|Ministry of Religious Affairs]]. Technically and academically, the development of state religious universities is carried out by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia (Kemdikbudristek), while functionally it is carried out by the Ministry of Religion, all covering the five recognized religions in Indonesia, but not including Confucianism. There are three types of higher education institutions in the Muslim category, Public Islamic Universities (UIN), Public Islamic Institutes (IAIN), and Public Islamic Colleges (STAIN). Public Christian Institutes (IAKN) and Public Protestant Christian Colleges (STAKPN) in the Protestant Christian category. Public Catholic Colleges (STAKATN) in the Catholic category. Public Hindu Universities (UHN), Public Hindu Institutes (IAHN), and Public Hindu Colleges (STAHN) in the Hindu category. Public Buddhist Colleges (STABN) in the Buddhist category.<br /> <br /> '''''Public Islamic higher education institutions'''''<br /> <br /> ===Public Islamic Universities===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! PT Code&lt;br /&gt;{{small|201-}}<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Abbrev.<br /> ! Founding Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Accred.<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 001<br /> | '''[[Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University Jakarta|State Islamic University of Syarif Hidayatullah]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UIN Jakarta<br /> | 1957, 1 June&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''Akademi Dinas Ilmu Agama'')}}<br /> | [[South Tangerang]], [[Tangerang]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uinjkt.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 002<br /> | '''[[Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University|State Islamic University of Sunan Kalijaga]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Kalijaga''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UIN Suka<br /> | 1951, 26 September&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Sunan Kalijaga'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2004, June 21&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Sleman Regency|Sleman]], [[Special Region of Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uin-suka.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 003<br /> | '''[[Maulana Malik Ibrahim State Islamic University Malang|State Islamic University of Maulana Malik Ibrahim]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UIN Malang<br /> | 1957, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2004, June 21&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Malang]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uin-malang.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 004<br /> | '''[[Sunan Gunung Djati State Islamic University Bandung|State Islamic University of Sunan Gunung Djati]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Gunung Djati''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UIN Bandung<br /> | 1968, 8 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Sunan Gunung Djati'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2005, 10 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Bandung]], [[West Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uinsgd.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 005<br /> | '''[[Sultan Syarif Kasim II State Islamic University|State Islamic University of Sultan Syarif Kasim]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Syarif Kasim''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UIN Suska<br /> | 1970, 19 September&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Sulthan Syarif Qasim'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2005, 4 January&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Pekanbaru]], [[Riau]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uin-suska.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 006<br /> | '''[[Alauddin Islamic State University|State Islamic University of Alauddin]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UIN Alauddin<br /> | 1965, 28 October<br /> | [[Makassar]], [[South Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uin-alauddin.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 007<br /> | '''[[Sunan Ampel State Islamic University Surabaya|State Islamic University of Sunan Ampel]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Ampel''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UINSA<br /> | 1965&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Sunan Ampel'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2013, 1 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Surabaya]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uinsby.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 008<br /> | '''[[State Islamic University of North Sumatra]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UINSU<br /> | 1973, 19 November&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Sumatera Utara'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2014, 17 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Medan]], [[North Sumatra]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uinsu.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 009<br /> | '''[[Raden Fatah State Islamic University|State Islamic University of Raden Fatah]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Fatah''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UIN Palembang<br /> | 1964, 13 November&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Raden Fatah'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2014, 17 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Palembang]], [[South Sumatra]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://radenfatah.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 010<br /> | '''[[Walisongo State Islamic University|State Islamic University of Walisongo]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UIN Walisongo<br /> | 1970, 6 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Walisongo'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2013, 1 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Semarang]], [[Central Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| A<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://walisongo.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 011<br /> | '''[[Ar-Raniry State Islamic University|State Islamic University of Ar-Raniry]]'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UINAR<br /> | 1960&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Ar-Raniry'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2013, 1 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(s current university)}}<br /> | [[Banda Aceh]], [[Aceh]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://ar-raniry.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 012<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Sultan Maulana Hasanuddin'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Maulana Hasanuddin''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UIN Banten<br /> | 2017, 7 April<br /> | [[Serang]], [[Banten]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uinbanten.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 013<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Imam Bonjol'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Imam Bonjol''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UINIB<br /> | 1966, 29 November&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Imam Bonjol'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2017, 7 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Padang]], [[West Sumatra]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uinib.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 014<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Raden Intan'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Intan''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UINRIL<br /> | 1968, 26 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Raden Intan'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2017, 3 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Bandar Lampung]], [[Lampung]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://radenintan.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 015<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Mataram'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Mataram''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UIN Mataram<br /> | 1966&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Mataram'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2017, 7 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Mataram (city)|Mataram]], [[West Nusa Tenggara]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uinmataram.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 016<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Sultan Thaha Saifuddin'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Thaha Saifuddin''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UINSTS<br /> | 1967, 8 September&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Sultan Thaha Saifuddin'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2017, 7 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Jambi (city)]], [[Jambi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uinjambi.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 017<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Antasari'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Antasari''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UIN Antasari<br /> | 1964, 20 November&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Antasari'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2017, 3 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Banjarmasin]], [[South Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uin-antasari.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 018<br /> | '''International Islamic University of Indonesia'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Internasional Indonesia''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UIII<br /> | 2016, 29 June<br /> | [[Depok]], [[West Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uii.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 019<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Sayyid Ali Rahmatullah'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Sayyid Ali Rahmatullah''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UIN Satu<br /> | 2021, 11 May<br /> | [[Tulungagung Regency|Tulungagung]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uinsatu.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 020<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Professor Kiai Haji Saifuddin Zuhri'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Profesor Kiai Haji Saifuddin Zuhri''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UIN Saizu<br /> | 1997, 21 Maret&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Purwokerto'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2014&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Purwokerto'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2021, 11 May&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Purwokerto]], [[Central Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uinsaizu.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 021<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Raden Mas Said'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Mas Said''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UIN Surakarta<br /> | 1992, 12 September&lt;br /&gt;1997&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Surakarta'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2011&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Surakarta'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2021, 11 May&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Surakarta]], [[Central Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uinsaid.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 022<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Sultan Aji Muhammad Idris'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Aji Muhammad Idris''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UINSI<br /> | 1997, 21 Maret&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Samarinda'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2014&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Samarinda'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2021, 11 May&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Samarinda]], [[East Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uinsi.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 023<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Kiai Haji Achmad Siddiq'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Kiai Haji Achmad Siddiq''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UINKHAS<br /> | 1997, 21 Maret&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Jember'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2014&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Jember'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2021, 11 May&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Jember Regency|Jember]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uinkhas.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 024<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Fatmawati Sukarno'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Fatmawati Sukarno''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UINFAS<br /> | 1997, 21 Maret&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Bengkulu'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2014&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Bengkulu'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2021, 11 May&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Bengkulu (city)]], [[Bengkulu]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uinfasbengkulu.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 025<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Datokarama'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Datokarama''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UIN Palu<br /> | 1997, 21 Maret&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Datokarama'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2021, 8 July&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Palu]], [[Central Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [https://uindatokarama.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 026<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Mahmud Yunus'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Mahmud Yunus''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UIN Batusangkar<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Batusangkar'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2015, 23 December&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Batusangkar'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2022, 8 Juny&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Tanah Datar Regency|Tanah Datar]], [[West Sumatra]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uinmybatusangkar.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 027<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Sjech M. Djamil Djambek'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Sjech M. Djamil Djambek''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UIN Bukittinggi<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Bukittinggi'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2014, 18 December&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Bukittinggi'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2022, 8 Juny&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Bukittinggi]], [[West Sumatra]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [https://uinbukittinggi.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 028<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Kiai Haji Abdurrahman Wahid'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Kiai Haji Abdurrahman Wahid''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UIN Pekalongan<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Pekalongan'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2016, 1 August&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Pekalongan'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2022, 8 Juny&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Pekalongan]], [[Central Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uingusdur.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 029<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Syekh Ali Hasan Ahmad Addary'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Syekh Ali Hasan Ahmad Addary''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UIN Syahda<br /> | 1997, 21 Maret&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Padangsidimpuan'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2013, 30 July&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Padangsidimpuan'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2022, 8 Juny&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Padang Sidempuan]], [[North Sumatra]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uinsyahada.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 030<br /> | '''State Islamic University of Salatiga'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Salatiga''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UIN Salatiga<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Salatiga'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2014, 17 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Salatiga'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2022, 8 Juny&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Salatiga]], [[Central Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://uinsalatiga.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 031<br /> | '''State Cyber Islamic University of Syekh Nurjati'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Islam Negeri Siber Syekh Nurjati''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| UINSSC<br /> | 1997, 21 Maret&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Cirebon'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2009, 10 November&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''IAIN Syekh Nurjati'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2024&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current university)}}<br /> | [[Cirebon]], [[West Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://syekhnurjati.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Public Islamic Institutes===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! PT Code&lt;br /&gt;{{small|202-}}<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Abbrev.<br /> ! Founding Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Accred.<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 009<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Ambon'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Ambon''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| IAIN Ambon<br /> | 1997, 21 Maret&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Ambon'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2006, 9 December&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Ambon, Maluku|Ambon]], [[Maluku (province)|Maluku]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://iainambon.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 010<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Sultan Amai'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Sultan Amai''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| IAIN Gorontalo<br /> | 1997, 21 Maret&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Sultan Amai'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2004, 18 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Gorontalo (city)|Gorontalo]], [[Gorontalo]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://iaingorontalo.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 020<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Manado'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Manado''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| IAIN Manado<br /> | 1997, 30 June&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Manado'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2014, 17 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Manado]], [[North Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Excellent}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://iain-manado.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 021<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Palopo'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Palopo''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| IAIN Palopo<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Palopo'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2014, 17 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Palopo]], [[South Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://iainpalopo.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 022<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Sultan Qaimuddin'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Sultan Qaimuddin''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| IAIN Kendari<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Kendari'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2014, 17 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Kendari]], [[Southeast Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://iainkendari.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 024<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Ternate'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Ternate''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| IAIN Ternate<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Ternate'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2013, 30 July&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Ternate]], [[North Maluku]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://iain-ternate.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 025<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Zawiyah Cot Kala'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Zawiyah Cot Kala''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| IAIN Langsa<br /> | 1980, 14 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Langsa'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2014, 17 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Langsa]], [[Aceh]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://iainlangsa.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 026<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Palangka Raya'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Palangka Raya''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| IAIN Palangka Raya<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Pangka Raya'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2014, 17 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Palangka Raya]], [[Central Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://iain-palangkaraya.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 030<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Pontianak'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Pontianak''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| IAIN Pontianak<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Pontianak'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2013, 6 August&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Pontianak]], [[West Kalimantan]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://iainptk.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 033<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Metro'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Metro''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| IAIN Metro<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Jurai Siwo'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2016, 1 August&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Metro (city)|Metro]], [[Lampung]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://metrouniv.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 035<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Ponorogo'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Ponorogo''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| IAIN Ponorogo<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Ponorogo'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2016, 1 August&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Ponorogo]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://iainponorogo.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 036<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Kerinci'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Kerinci''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| IAIN Kerinci<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Kerinci'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2016, 1 August&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Kerinci Regency|Kerinci]], [[Jambi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://iainkerinci.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 037<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Lhokseumawe'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Lhokseumawe''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| IAIN Lhokseumawe<br /> | 2016, 1 August<br /> | [[Lhokseumawe]], [[Aceh]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://iainlhokseumawe.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 038<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Parepare'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Parepare''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| IAIN Parepare<br /> | 2008, 20 June&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Parepare'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2018, 5 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Parepare]], [[South Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://iainpare.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 039<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Curup'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Curup''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| IAIN Curup<br /> | 1997, 19 September&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Curup'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2018, 5 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Rejang Lebong Regency|Rejang Lebong]], [[Bengkulu]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://iainpare.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 040<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Fattahul Muluk'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Fattahul Muluk''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| IAIN Jayapura<br /> | 2006, 20 July&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Al-Fatah'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2018, 5 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Jayapura]], [[Papua (province)|Papua]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://iainfmpapua.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 041<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Kudus'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Kudus''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| IAIN Kudus<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Kudus'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2018, 5 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Kudus, Indonesia|Kudus]], [[Central Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://iainkudus.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 042<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Madura'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Madura''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| IAIN Madura<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Pamekasan'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2018, 5 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Pamekasan Regency|Pamekasan]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://iainmadura.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 043<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Syaikh Abdurrahman Siddik'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Syaikh Abdurrahman Siddik''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| IAIN Babel<br /> | 2004, 18 October&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Syaikh Abdurrahman Siddik'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2018, 5 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Bangka Regency|Bangka]], [[Bangka Belitung Islands]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://iainsasbabel.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 044<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Bone'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Bone''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| IAIN Bone<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Watampone'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2018, 5 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Bone Regency|Bone]], [[South Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://iain-bone.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 045<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Kediri'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Kediri''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| IAIN Kediri<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Kediri'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2018, 5 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Kediri (city)|Kediri]], [[East Java]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://iainkediri.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 046<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Sorong'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Sorong''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| IAIN Sorong<br /> | 1997, 21 March&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Sorong'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2020, 20 February&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Sorong]], [[West Papua (province)|West Papua]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| B<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://iainsorong.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 047<br /> | '''State Islamic Institute of Takengon'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Islam Negeri Takengon''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| IAIN Takengon<br /> | 2012, 25 April&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as ''STAIN Gajah Putih'')}}&lt;br /&gt;2020, 28 February&lt;br /&gt;{{small|(as current institute)}}<br /> | [[Central Aceh Regency|Central Aceh]], [[Aceh]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://iain-takengon.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Public Islamic Colleges===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! PT Code&lt;br /&gt;{{small|203-}}<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Abbrev.<br /> ! Founding Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Accred.<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 034<br /> | '''State Islamic College of Teungku Dirundeng Meulaboh'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Negeri Teungku Dirundeng Meulaboh''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| STAIN Meulaboh<br /> | 2014, 19 September<br /> | [[West Aceh Regency|West Aceh]], [[Aceh]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Very Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://staindirundeng.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 035<br /> | '''State Islamic College of Bengkalis'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Negeri Bengkalis''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| STAIN Bengkalis<br /> | 2014, 19 September<br /> | [[Bengkalis Regency|Bengkalis]], [[Riau]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://kampusmelayu.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 036<br /> | '''State Islamic College of Majene'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Negeri Majene''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| STAIN Majene<br /> | 2016, 31 August<br /> | [[Majene Regency|Majene]], [[West Sulawesi]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://stainmajene.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 037<br /> | '''State Islamic College of Mandailing Natal'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Negeri Mandailing Natal''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| STAIN Madina<br /> | 2019, 25 January<br /> | [[Mandailing Natal Regency|Mandailing Natal]], [[North Sumatra]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://stain-madina.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| 038<br /> | '''State Islamic College of Sultan Abdurrahman'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Negeri Sultan Abdurrahman Kepulauan Riau''}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| STAIN Kepri<br /> | 2017, 13 March<br /> | [[Bintan Regency|Bintan]], [[Riau Islands]]<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| {{small|Good}}<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;| [http://stainkepri.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> '''''Public Christian higher education institutions'''''<br /> <br /> === Public Christian Institutes ===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! PT Code&lt;br/&gt;{{small|222-}}<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Abbrev.<br /> ! data-sort-type=&quot;date&quot; | Founding Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Acred.&lt;ref name=&quot;banpt&quot; /&gt;<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |Link<br /> |-<br /> | 001<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''State Christian Institute of Tarutung'''<br /> {{small|''Institut Agama Kristen Negeri Tarutung''}}<br /> | IAKN Tarutung<br /> | 1 March 2018<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[North Sulawesi]]<br /> | Good<br /> | [http://iakntarutung.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 002<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''State Christian Institute of Manado'''<br /> {{small|''Institut Agama Kristen Negeri Manado''}}<br /> | IAKN Manado<br /> | 1 March 2018<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[North Sulawesi]]<br /> | Good<br /> | [https://iaknmanado.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 003<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''State Christian Institute of Ambon'''<br /> {{small|''Institut Agama Kristen Negeri Ambon''}}<br /> | IAKN Ambon<br /> | 1 March 2018<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Maluku (province)|Maluku]]<br /> | B<br /> | [https://iaknmanado.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 004<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''State Christian Institute of Toraja'''<br /> {{small|''Institut Agama Kristen Negeri Toraja''}}<br /> | IAKN Toraja<br /> | 23 January 2020<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[South Sulawesi]]<br /> | Good<br /> | [http://iakntoraja.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 005<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''State Christian Institute of Kupang'''<br /> {{small|''Institut Agama Kristen Negeri Kupang''}}<br /> | IAKN Kupang<br /> | 23 January 2020<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[East Nusa Tenggara]]<br /> | Good<br /> | [http://www.iaknkupang.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 006<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| '''State Christian Institute of Palangka Raya'''<br /> {{small|''Institut Agama Kristen Negeri Palangka Raya''}}<br /> | IAKN Palangka Raya<br /> | 23 January 2020<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Central Kalimantan]]<br /> | <br /> | [http://www.iaknkupang.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === Public Protestant Christian Colleges===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! PT Code&lt;br/&gt;{{small|223-}}<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Abbrev.<br /> ! data-sort-type=date| Founding Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Acred.&lt;ref name=&quot;banpt&quot;/&gt;<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | 006<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|'''State Protestant Christian College of Sentani'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Sekolah Tinggi Agama Kristen Protestan Negeri Sentani''}}<br /> | STAKPN Sentani<br /> | 10 April 2001<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Papua (province)|Papua]]<br /> | Good<br /> | [http://stakpnsentani.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Public Catholic Colleges===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! PT Code&lt;br/&gt;{{small|263-}}<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Abbrev.<br /> ! data-sort-type=date| Founding Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Acred.&lt;ref name=&quot;banpt&quot;/&gt;<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | 001<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|'''State Catholic College of Pontianak'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Sekolah Tinggi Agama Katolik Negeri Pontianak''}}<br /> | STAKATN Pontianak<br /> | 6 April 2017<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[West Kalimantan]]<br /> | Good<br /> | [http://www.stakatnptk.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> '''''Public Hindu higher education institutions'''''<br /> <br /> ===Public Hindu Universities===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! PT Code&lt;br/&gt;{{small|241-}}<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Abbrev.<br /> ! data-sort-type=date| Founding Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Acred.&lt;ref name=&quot;banpt&quot;/&gt;<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | 001<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|'''State Hindu University of I Gusti Bagus Sugriwa'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Universitas Hindu Negeri I Gusti Bagus Sugriwa''}}<br /> | UHN Sugriwara<br /> | 23 January 2020<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Bali]]<br /> | Very Good<br /> | [http://www.stakatnptk.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Public Hindu Institutes===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! PT Code&lt;br/&gt;{{small|242-}}<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Abbrev.<br /> ! data-sort-type=date| Founding Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Acred.&lt;ref name=&quot;banpt&quot;/&gt;<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | 002<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|'''State Hindu Institute of Tampung Penyang'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Hindu Negeri Tampung Penyang''}}<br /> | IAHN TP<br /> | 6 September 1986<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Central Kalimantan]]<br /> | Good<br /> | [https://iahntp.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 003<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|'''State Hindu Institute of Gde Pudja'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Institut Agama Hindu Negeri Gde Pudja''}}<br /> | IAHN Gde Pudja<br /> | 11 July 2001<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[West Nusa Tenggara]]<br /> | Good<br /> | [https://iahn-gdepudja.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Public Hindu Colleges===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! PT Code&lt;br/&gt;{{small|243-}}<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Abbrev.<br /> ! data-sort-type=date| Founding Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Acred.&lt;ref name=&quot;banpt&quot;/&gt;<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | 008<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|'''State Hindu College of Mpu Kuturan'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Sekolah Tinggi Agama Hindu Negeri Mpu Kuturan''}}<br /> | STAHN Mpu Kuturan<br /> | 21 March 2016<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Bali]]<br /> | Very Good<br /> | [http://www.stakatnptk.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> '''''Public Buddhist higher education institutions'''''<br /> <br /> ===Public Buddhist Colleges===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! PT Code&lt;br/&gt;{{small|242-}}<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Abbrev.<br /> ! data-sort-type=date| Founding Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Acred.&lt;ref name=&quot;banpt&quot;/&gt;<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | 001<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|'''State Buddhist College of Sriwijaya'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Sekolah Tinggi Agama Buddha Negeri Sriwijaya''}}<br /> | STABN Sriwijaya<br /> | 20 May 2002<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Banten]]<br /> | B<br /> | [https://iahntp.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | 002<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;|'''State Buddhist College of Raden Wijaya'''&lt;br /&gt;{{small|''Sekolah Tinggi Agama Buddha Negeri Raden Wijaya''}}<br /> | STABN Raden Wijaya<br /> | 25 January 2007<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot;| [[Central Java]]<br /> | B<br /> | [https://iahn-gdepudja.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Service higher education institutions ==<br /> Service higher education institutions are higher education institution that are under the auspices of government institutions (ministries) as education providers with a civil service bond or cadreship system.<br /> <br /> === Ministry of Home Affairs ===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! PT Code&lt;br /&gt;{{small|342-}}<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Abbrev.<br /> ! data-sort-type=&quot;date&quot; | Founding Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Acred.&lt;ref name=&quot;banpt&quot; /&gt;<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |Link<br /> |-<br /> | 001<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |'''Institute of Home Affairs'''<br /> ''Institut Pemerintahan Dalam Negeri''<br /> | IPDN<br /> | 1956<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | [[West Java]]<br /> | Very Good<br /> | [https://ipdn.ac.id]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources ===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; text-align:center;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> ! PT Code<br /> ! Name<br /> ! Abbrev.<br /> ! data-sort-type=&quot;date&quot; | Founding Date<br /> ! Location<br /> ! Acred.&lt;ref name=&quot;banpt&quot; /&gt;<br /> ! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |Link<br /> |-<br /> | 355001<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |'''Energy and Mineral Polytechnic'''<br /> ''Politeknik Energi dan Mineral Akamigas''<br /> | PEM AKAMIGAS<br /> | 1967<br /> | style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | [[Central Java]]<br /> | B<br /> | [https://ipdn.ac.id]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Private universities==<br /> These notable private universities are owned, funded and managed by private organizations, including those affiliated with Islamic ([[Muhammadiyah]]), Catholic or Christian socio-religious organizations.<br /> <br /> ===Jakarta===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Name in English !!style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Name in Indonesian !!style=&quot;width:5%;&quot;|Acronym !!style=&quot;width:5%;&quot;|Foundation !! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; style=&quot;width:5%;&quot; |Reference !!style=&quot;width:15%;&quot;|Website<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Al-Azhar University of Indonesia]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Al-Azhar Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UAI<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1960<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.uai.ac.id/|title= Official website |website=uai.ac.id|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230105043930/http://www.uai.ac.id/ |access-date=2023-01-05|archive-date= 2023-01-05 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.uai.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Asian Banking Finance and Informatic Institute Perbanas<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|STIE Perbanas <br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|ABFI-PERBANAS<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1969<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.perbanasinstitute.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Katolik Atma Jaya<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|STMIK Jakarta STI&amp;K<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1960<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;|{{url|http://www.atmajaya.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Bakrie University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Bakrie<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| UB<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|2006<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bakrie.ac.id/en/|title=Experience The Real Things &amp;#124; Universitas Bakrie|website=Bakrie.ac.id}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.bakrie.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Binus University|Bina Nusantara University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Bina Nusantara<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|Binus University<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1985<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.binus.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Bina Sarana Informatika|Bina Sarana Informatika University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Bina Sarana Informatika<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UBSI<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1988<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.bsi.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Borobudur University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Borobudur<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1982<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.universitasborobudur.ac.id/|title= Official website |website=Universitasborobudur.ac.id|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110609043930/http://www.universitasborobudur.ac.id/ |access-date=2021-04-05|archive-date= 2011-06-09 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.universitasborobudur.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Budi Luhur University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Budi Luhur<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UBL<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1979<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://pendaftaran.budiluhur.ac.id/|title=Beranda &amp;#124; PMB ONLINE Universitas Budi Luhur - Kampus Cerdas Berbudi Luhur|website=pendaftaran.budiluhur.ac.id}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.budiluhur.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Universitas Kristen Indonesia|Christian University of Indonesia]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Kristen Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UKI<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1953<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.uki.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Darma Persada University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Darma Persada<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNSADA<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1986<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.unsada.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;| Dian Nusantara University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Dian Nusantara<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNDIRA<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=id&amp;u=https://undira.ac.id/&amp;prev=search&amp;pto=aue|title=Google Translate|website=translate.google.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;|{{URL|https://undira.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Esa Unggul University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Esa Unggul<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UEU<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1993<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.esaunggul.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Indonesia Institute for Life Science<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Institut Bio Scientia Internasional Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|i3L<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|2013<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://i3l.ac.id/info/|title=i3L Undergraduate Program - Speak To Our Admission Team|website=I3l.ac.id|access-date=5 April 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;|{{URL|http://www.i3L.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[YARSI University|Indonesia Islamic Hospital Foundation University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Yayasan Rumah Sakit Islam Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|YARSI<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1967<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.yarsi.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Indraprasta PGRI University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Indraprasta PGRI<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNINDRA<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1982<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.unindra.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Informatics Management and Computer University of Jakarta<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Sekolah Tinggi Manajemen Informatika dan Komputer Jakarta<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|STMIK<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|2000<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.jak-stik.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Jakarta Institute of Arts<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Institut Kesenian Jakarta<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|IKJ<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1970<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.ikj.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Telkom University Jakarta<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Telkom Jakarta<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|Tel-U<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|2023<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-03-14 |title=Universitas Telkom Jakarta {{!}} &quot;Creating the Future&quot; |url=https://jakarta.telkomuniversity.ac.id/ |access-date=2024-03-15 |website=jakarta.telkomuniversity.ac.id |language=id-ID}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|https://jakarta.telkomuniversity.ac.id/}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Krida Wacana Christian University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Kristen Krida Wacana<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UKRIDA<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1967<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.ukrida.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Mercu Buana University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Mercubuana<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMB<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1985<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://pendaftaran.mercubuana.ac.id/|title=Pendaftaran Mercu Buana|first=Pendaftaran Mercu|last=Buana|website=pendaftaran.mercubuana.ac.id}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.mercubuana.ac.id}} <br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Muhammadiyah University of Jakarta<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMJ<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1955<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.umj.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Universitas Nasional|National University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Nasional<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNAS<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1949<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.unas.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Nusantara Institute of Business<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Institut Bisnis Nusantara<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|IBN<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1986<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.ibn.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Pancasila University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Pancasila<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UP<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1966<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.univpancasila.ac.id/index.php|title= Official website |website=Univpancasila.ac.id|access-date=2021-04-05}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.univpancasila.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Paramadina University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Paramadina<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UPM/PARMAD<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1998<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.paramadina.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Persada Indonesia - Indonesia Administration Foundation University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Persada Indonesia Yayasan Administrasi Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UPI YAI<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1985<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.yai.ac.id/upi/|title= Official website |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20111123121651/http://www.yai.ac.id/upi/ |access-date=2021-04-05|archive-date= 2011-11-23 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.yai.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|PPM School of Management<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Pendidikan dan Pembinaan Manajemen<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|PPM<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1967<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://ppm-manajemen.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Prof. Dr. HAMKA Muhammadiyah University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof. Dr. HAMKA<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UHAMKA<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1960<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.uhamka.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Prof. Moestopo University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Prof. Moestopo (Beragama)<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1961<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.moestopo.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;| Raffles Institute of Higher Education<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Raffles Institute of Higher Education<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|Raffles@Citywalk<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|2009<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Respati University of Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Respati Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|URINDO<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1978<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.urindo.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Sahid University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Sahid<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|USAHID<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1988<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://usahid.ac.id/|title= Official website |website=usahid.ac.id/|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150624021223/http://usahid.ac.id/ |access-date=2021-04-05|archive-date= 2015-06-24 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://usahid.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Tarumanagara University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Tarumanagara<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNTAR<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1962<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.tarumanagara.ac.id/|title= Official website |website=Tarumanagara.ac.id|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090427063641/http://www.tarumanagara.ac.id/ |access-date=2021-04-05|archive-date= 2009-04-27 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Trisakti University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Trisakti<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|USAKTI<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1965<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.trisakti.ac.id}}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[University of Bunda Mulia]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Bunda Mulia<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|UBM<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|1986<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;| <br /> | style=&quot;width:15%; text-align:center;&quot;| {{URL|http://www.ubm.ac.id}}<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Banten===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[BINUS University Alam Sutera Main Campus]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Bina Nusantara Kampus Alam Sutera<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|BINUS<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2010<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Tangerang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.binus.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[International University Liaison Indonesia]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Lintas Internasional Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|IULI<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2014<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Tangerang]] <br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.iuli.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Multimedia Nusantara University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Media Nusantara<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNIMEDIA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2006<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|Gading [[Tangerang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.unimedia.ac.id/|title= Official website |website=Unimedia.ac.id|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110521140715/http://www.unimedia.ac.id/ |access-date=2021-04-05|archive-date= 2011-05-21 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Pamulang University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Pamulang<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNPAM<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2000<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[South Tangerang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://unpam.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Pelita Harapan University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Pelita Harapan<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UPH<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1993<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Karawaci, Tangerang|Karawaci]], [[Tangerang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.uph.edu/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Perguruan Tinggi Raharja]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Perguruan Tinggi Raharja Tangerang<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|RAHARJA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1994<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Tangerang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.raharja.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Prasetiya Mulya University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Prasetiya Mulya<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|PMBS, Prasmul, PMSBE<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1982<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[South Tangerang]] and [[Jakarta]] <br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.pmsbe.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Serang Raya University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Serang Raya<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNSERA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2001<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Serang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.unsera.ac.id]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Surya University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Surya<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|SU<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2013<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Tangerang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.surya.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Swiss German University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Swiss German University<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|SGU<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2000<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[South Tangerang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.sgu.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Syech Yusuf Islamic University of Tangerang<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Islam Syekh Yusuf Tangerang<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNIS<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1966<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Tangerang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.unistangerang.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Technology Institute of Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Institut Teknologi Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|ITI<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1984<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Tangerang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.iti.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===West Java===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Bandung Islamic University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Islam Bandung<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNISBA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1958<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Bandung]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.unisba.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Djuanda University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Djuanda<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNIDA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1987<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Bogor]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.unida.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Gunadarma University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Gunadarma<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|GUNDAR<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1981<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Depok]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.gunadarma.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; | [[Horizon University Indonesia]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; | Universitas Horizon Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; | HORIZONU<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; | 1991<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; | [[Karawang Regency|Karawang]]<br /> |[https://horizon.ac.id 22]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Ibn Khaldun University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Universitas Ibn Khaldun Bogor<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |UIKA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |1961<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bandung|Bogor]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.uika-bogor.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Indonesian Computer University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Universitas Komputer Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |UNIKOM<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |2001<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bandung]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.unikom.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Islamic 45 University of Bekasi<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Universitas Islam 45 Bekasi<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |UNISMA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |1982<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bekasi]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.unismabekasi.ac.id/]<br /> <br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Jayabaya University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Universitas Jayabaya<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |UJ<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |1958<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bogor]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.jayabaya.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |General Achmad Yani University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |UNJANI<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |1974<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Cimahi]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.unjani.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Langlangbuana University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Universitas Langlangbuana<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |UNLA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |1982<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bandung]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.unla.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |[[Maranatha Christian University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Universitas Kristen Maranatha<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |UKM<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |1965<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bandung]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.maranatha.edu/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |[[National Institute of Technology (Indonesia)|National Institute of Technology]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Institut Teknologi Nasional<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |ITENAS<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |1972<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bandung]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.itenas.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Nusantara Islamic University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Universitas Islam Nusantara<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |UNINUS<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |1959<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bandung]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.uninus.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Pakuan University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Universitas Pakuan<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |UNPAK<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |1980<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bogor]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.unpak.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |[[Universitas Katolik Parahyangan|Parahyangan Catholic University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Universitas Katolik Parahyangan<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |UNPAR<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |1955<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bandung]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.unpar.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Pasundan University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Universitas Pasundan<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |UNPAS<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |1960<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bandung]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.unpas.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |[[President University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Universitas Presiden<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |PresUniv<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |2001<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bekasi Regency|Bekasi]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.president.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Technology College of Garut<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi Garut<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |STTG<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |1991<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Garut]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.sttgarut.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |[[Telkom University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Telkom University<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |Tel-U<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |2013<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bandung]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.telkomuniversity.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |[https://uniku.ac.id Universitas Kuningan]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Universitas Kuningan<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |UNIKU<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |2003<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Kuningan]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.uniku.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Widyatama University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Universitas Widyatama<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |Widyatama<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |1973<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bandung]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.widyatama.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Kesatuan Institute of Business and Informatics<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Institut Bisnis dan Informatika Kesatuan<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |IBIK<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |1953<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bogor]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[http://www.ibik.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |PASIM National University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Universitas Nasional PASIM<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; | UNAS PASIM<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; | 1996<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bandung]]<br /> |[https://pasim.ac.id/sejarah]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Sony Sugema College of Information Technology<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; |Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi Informatika Sony Sugema<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |STTI<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |2001<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; |[[Bandung]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot; |[https://sttiss.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Yogyakarta Special Region===<br /> {{main|List of universities in Yogyakarta}}<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Ahmad Dahlan University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Ahmad Dahlan<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UAD<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1960<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.uad.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[AKPRIND Institute of Science and Technology]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Institut Sains dan Teknologi AKPRIND<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|IST AKPRIND<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1970<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.akprind.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Atma Jaya University, Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Atmajaya Yogyakarta<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UAJY<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1965<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.uajy.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[University of Amikom Yogyakarta|College of Information Management and Computer Science AMIKOM Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|STMIK AMIKOM Yogyakarta<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|AMIKOM<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1992<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.amikom.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Duta Wacana Christian University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Kristen Duta Wacana<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UKDW<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1945<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.ukdw.ac.id/2009/id/ |title=Universitas Kristen Duta Wacana |access-date=2011-05-27 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110602061852/http://www.ukdw.ac.id/2009/id/ |archive-date=2011-06-02 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Islamic University of Indonesia]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Islam Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UII<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1945<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.uii.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Mercu Buana University, Yogyakarta<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Mercubuana Yogyakarta<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMBY<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1985<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://mercubuana-yogya.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Muhammadiyah University of Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMY<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1980<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.umy.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Sanata Dharma University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Sanata Dharma<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|USD<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1955<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.usd.ac.id/en]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Aisyiyah University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Aisyiyah<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNISA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1991<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Yogyakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://stikes-aisyiyah-jogja.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; | General Achmad Yani University of Yogyakarta<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot; | Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani Yogyakarta<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; | UNJAYA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; | 2018<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot; | [[Sleman Regency|Sleman]]<br /> |<br /> [https://unjaya.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Central Java===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Academy of Information and Computer Management PGRI]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Akademi Manajemen Informatika dan Komputer PGRI<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|AMIK PGRI<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1993<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Kebumen Regency|Kebumen]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.amik-kebumen.ac.id]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[:id:Universitas STEKOM|University of Computer Science &amp; Technology]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Sains &amp; Teknologi Komputer<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|Univ STEKOM<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2020<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Semarang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://stekom.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Amikom University of Purwokerto<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Amikom Purwokerto<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|AMPU<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2005<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Purwokerto]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://www.amikompurwokerto.ac.id Link]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[ATMI Polytechnic]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Politeknik ATMI<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|ATMI<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1968<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Surakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.atmi.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Dharma Patria Polytechnic]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Politeknik Dharma Patria<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|POLDA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2002<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Kebumen Regency|Kebumen]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.politeknik-kebumen.ac.id]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Dian Nuswantoro University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Dian Nuswantoro<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UDINUS<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2001<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Semarang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.dinus.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Muhammadiyah Institute of Technology]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi Muhammadiyah<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|STTM<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2001<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Kebumen Regency|Kebumen]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.sttm.ac.id]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Muhammadiyah University of Magelang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMMGL<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1964<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Magelang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Official website|url=https://www.amikompurwokerto.ac.id|access-date=2021-06-28|website=amikompurwokerto.ac.id}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Muhammadiyah University of Purwokerto<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwoketo<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMP<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1964<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Purwokerto]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.ump.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Muhammadiyah University of Purworejo<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Purworejo<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMP<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1964<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Purworejo]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.um-pwr.ac.id/|title= Official website |website=Um-pwr.ac.id|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100801064525/http://www.um-pwr.ac.id/ |access-date=2021-04-05|archive-date= 2010-08-01 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Muhammadiyah University of Semarang<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNIMUS<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1997<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Semarang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://unimus.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMS<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1960<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Surakarta]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.ums.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Muria Kudus University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muria Kudus<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMK<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1982<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Kudus, Indonesia|Kudus]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.umk.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Nahdlatul Ulama Islamic Institute ]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Institut Agama Islam Nahdlatul Ulama<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|IAINU<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1987<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Kebumen Regency|Kebumen]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.iainu-kebumen.ac.id]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Nahdlatul Ulama Islamic University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Islam Nahdlatul Ulama<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNISNU<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1991<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Jepara]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.unisnu.ac.id]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Nahdlatul Ulama Ma'arif University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Ma'arif Nahdlatul Ulama<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMNU<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2014<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Kebumen Regency|Kebumen]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.umnu-kebumen.ac.id] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200620023217/http://umnu-kebumen.ac.id/ |date=2020-06-20 }}<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Putra Bangsa University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Putra Bangsa<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UPB<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2001<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Kebumen Regency|Kebumen]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.stieputrabangsa.ac.id]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Qur'anic Science University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Sains Al Qur'an<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNSIQ<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1988<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Wonosobo Regency|Wonosobo]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.unsiq.ac.id]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Satya Wacana Christian University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UKSW<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1956<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Salatiga]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.uksw.edu/id/|title= Official website |website=Uksw.edu|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110529082944/http://www.uksw.edu/id/ |access-date=2021-04-05|archive-date= 2011-05-29 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Soegijapranata Catholic University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Katolik Soegijapranata<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1964<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Semarang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.unika.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Sultan Agung Islamic University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Universitas Islam Sultan Agung]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNISSULA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1962<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Semarang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://unissula.ac.id Link]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===East Java===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|17 August 1945 University Surabaya<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Surabaya<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNTAG<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1958<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Surabaya]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.untag-sby.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Bina Nusantara University Malang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Bina Nusantara Malang<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|BINUS Malang<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2015<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Malang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://binus.ac.id/malang/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Ciputra University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Ciputra<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UC<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2006<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Surabaya]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://ciputra.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Institute of Health Education<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Institut Ilmu Kesehatan<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|IIK<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1985<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Kediri (city)|Kediri]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.iik.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Kertanegara University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu ekonomi Kertanegara Malang<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|STIEKMA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1982<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Malang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.stiekma.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Muhammadiyah University of Gresik<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Gresik<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMG<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1987<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Gresik]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.umg.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Muhammadiyah University of Jember<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Jember<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|Unmuh Jember<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1987<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Jember]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Home: Muhammadiyah University of Jember |url=http://www.unmuhjember.ac.id/ |access-date=February 17, 2024 |website=www.unmuhjember.ac.id}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;| Muhammadiyah University of Malang<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMM<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1964<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Malang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.umm.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Muhammadiyah University of Sidoarjo<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMSIDA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1987<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Sidoarjo]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.umsida.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Muhammadiyah University of Surabaya<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|Unmuh Surabaya<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1964<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Surabaya]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.um-surabaya.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Pelita Harapan University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Pelita Harapan<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UPH<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1993<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Surabaya]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://www.uph.edu//]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Petra Christian University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Kristen Petra<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UKP<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1961<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Surabaya]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.petra.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[University of Surabaya]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Surabaya<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UBAYA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1966<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Surabaya]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.ubaya.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Widya Mandala Catholic University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Katolik Widya Mandala<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UKWMS / WM<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1960<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Surabaya]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.ukwms.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Wijaya Kusuma University, Surabaya]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Wijaya Kusuma Surabaya<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UWK<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1980<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Surabaya]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://uwks.ac.id//]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Wijaya Putra University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Wijaya Putra<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UWP<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1981<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Surabaya]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://uwp.ac.id//]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Telkom University Surabaya<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Telkom Surabaya<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|Tel-U<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;| 2023<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Surabaya]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://surabaya.telkomuniversity.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Kiai Haji Achmad Siddiq State Islamic University Jember]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Islam Negeri Kiai Haji Achmad Siddiq Jember<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UINKHAS<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1997<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Jember]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://stain-jember.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|PGRI MADIUN University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas PGRI MADIUN<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNIPMA<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1976<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Madiun]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://ikippgri-madiun.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===North Sumatra===<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[HKBP Nommensen University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas HKBP Nommensen<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;| UHN<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1954<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Medan]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://uhn.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Islamic University of North Sumatra<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Islam Sumatera Utara<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UISU<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1953<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Medan]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.uisu.ac.id/ |title= Official website |website=unismuh.ac.id|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20111019142806/http://www.uisu.ac.id/ |access-date=2021-04-05|archive-date= 2011-10-19 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Methodist University of Indonesia]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Methodist Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMI<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1965<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Medan]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.umi-mdn.edu/|title= Official website |website=unismuh.ac.id|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110517033030/http://www.umi-mdn.edu/ |access-date=2021-04-05|archive-date= 2011-05-17 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Royal College of Information and Computer Management]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Sekolah Tinggi Manajemen Informatika dan Komputer Royal<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;| STMIK Royal<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1995<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Kisaran]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://stmiktoyal.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Bengkulu===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Muhammadiyah University of Bengkulu<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Bengkulu<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMB<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1970<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Bengkulu]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.umb.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===South Sumatra===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Muhammadiyah University of Palembang<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Palembang<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMP<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1984<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Palembang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://umpalembang.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[University of Palembang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Palembang<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNPAL<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1982<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Palembang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://unpal.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Lampung===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Muhammadiyah University of Metro<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Metro<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UM Metro<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1991<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Metro, Indonesia]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.ummetro.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Raden Intan Lampung State Islamic University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Intan Lampung<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UINRIL<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1968<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Bandar Lampung]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://iainlampung.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===North Sulawesi===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[De La Salle University (Indonesia)|De La Salle Catholic University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Katolik De La Salle Manado<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2000<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Manado]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.unikadelasalle.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Klabat University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Klabat<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1965<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Manado]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Southeast Sulawesi===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Avicenna College of Health Sciences]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Avicenna<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|STIK Avicenna<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1965<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Kendari]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://stik-avicenna.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===South Sulawesi===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Christian University of Indonesia, Toraja<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Kristen Indonesia, Toraja<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UKIT<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1992<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Tana Toraja]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://ukitoraja.ac.id/webx/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|East Indonesia University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Indonesia Timur<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UIT<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2001<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Makassar]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Indonesia Education Board Management College<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Manajemen Lembaga Pendidikan Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|STIM LPI<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1980<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Makassar]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Indonesian Muslim University Makassar<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muslim Indonesia Makassar<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMI<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1954<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Makassar]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[http://www.umi.ac.id/]<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Muhammadiyah University Makassar<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Muhammadiyah Makassar<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UMM<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1963<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Makassar]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://unismuh.ac.id/web |title= Official website |website=unismuh.ac.id|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180204202714/http://unismuh.ac.id/web |access-date=2021-04-05|archive-date= 2018-02-04 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Republic of Indonesia Veteran University<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Veteran Republik Indonesia<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UVRI<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1977<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Makassar]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Bali===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Stenden University Bali]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Stenden University Bali<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|SUB<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2009<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Kuta Utara]] [[Badung]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[University of National Education]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Pendidikan Nasional<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNDIKNAS<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1969<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Denpasar]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Universitas Pendidikan Nasional – Undiknas Kampus Milenial |url=http://undiknas.ac.id/ |access-date=2024-02-17 |language=id-ID}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Warmadewa University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Warmadewa<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UNWAR<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1983<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Denpasar]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Universitas Warmadewa {{!}} Bermutu, Berintegritas, Berwawasan Lingkungan Kepariwisataan |url=https://www.warmadewa.ac.id/ |access-date=2024-02-17 |website=warmadewa.ac.id}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===East Nusa Tenggara===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Artha Wacana Christian University]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Universitas Kristen Artha Wacana<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|UKAW<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|1985<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Kupang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Universitas Kristen Artha Wacana |url=http://ukarthawacana.blogspot.com/ |access-date=2024-02-17 |website=ukarthawacana.blogspot.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===West Papua===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> |30%;&quot;|Muhammadiyah STKIP of Sorong<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|STKIP Muhammadiyah Sorong <br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|STKIP Muh Sorong<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2004<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Sorong (city)|Sorong]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.stkipmuhsorong.ac.id/ |title=Official website |website= www.stkipmuhsorong.ac.id|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180518200203/http://www.stkipmuhsorong.ac.id/ |access-date=2021-04-05|archive-date=2018-05-18 }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===Riau===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[Nurul Hidayah Islamic College]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Nurul Hidayah<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|STAI<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2000<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Selat Panjang]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://nurulhidayah.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ===West Sumatra===<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%;&quot;<br /> |-<br /> !Name in English<br /> !Name in Indonesian<br /> !Acronym<br /> !Foundation<br /> !Location<br /> !class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|Link<br /> |-<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|[[National Teacher Training and Education College]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:30%;&quot;|Sekolah Tinggi Keguruan Dan Ilmu Pendidikan Nasional<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|STKIP<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|2009<br /> | style=&quot;width:10%; text-align:center;&quot;|[[Padang Pariaman]]<br /> | style=&quot;width:5%; text-align:center;&quot;|[https://stkip-nasional.ac.id/]<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Other institutions==<br /> <br /> Institutions of higher education regulated by Indonesia's Ministry of National Education that are authorized to confer degrees, but without the status of universities include:<br /> <br /> * [[Astra Manufacturing Polytechnic]] (Polman), [[Jakarta]]<br /> * [[Indonesian State College of Accountancy]] (STAN), [[South Tangerang]]<br /> <br /> == Image gallery ==<br /> {{Gallery|File:ITB 1.jpg|alt4=Diponegoro University, Semarang|22=[[Udayana University]], [[Bali]]|23=File:Gate universitas andalas 02.jpg|24=[[Andalas University]], [[Padang]]|alt1=Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung|alt2=Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta|alt3=University of Indonesia, Jakarta|alt5=Airlangga University, Surabaya|20=[[Sebelas Maret University]], [[Surakarta]]|title=|alt6=University of Brawijaya, Malang|alt7=Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology, Surabaya|alt8=Bogor Agricultural Institute, Bogor|alt9=Padjadjaran University, Bandung|alt10=Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta|alt11=Udayana University, Bali|21=File:Udayana rectorate building.jpg|19=File:Sebelas Maret University entrance gate.JPG|[[Bandung Institute of Technology]], [[Bandung]]|9=File:Universitas Airlangga.jpg|File:Gedung Pusat (Rektorat) UGM.jpg|[[Gadjah Mada University]], [[Yogyakarta]]|File:No 18 Rektorat Universitas Indonesia.jpg|[[University of Indonesia]], [[Jakarta]]|File:Widya puraya undip.jpg|[[Diponegoro University]], [[Semarang]]|10=[[Airlangga University]], [[Surabaya]]|18=[[Padjadjaran University]], [[Bandung]]|11=File:MonumenTuguUB.jpg|12=[[University of Brawijaya]], [[Malang]]|13=File:Its library front.JPG|14=[[Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology]], [[Surabaya]]|15=File:BogorAgriculturalUniversityEntrance.jpg|16=[[IPB University|Bogor Agricultural Institute]], [[Bogor]]|17=File:Rectorate of University of Padjadjaran.jpg|alt12=Andalas University, Padang}}<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[Education in Indonesia]]<br /> * [[Seleksi Nasional Berdasarkan Tes|Test-Based National Selection]] (SNBT)<br /> * [[List of Indonesian agricultural universities and colleges]]<br /> * [[Union of Catholic University Students of the Republic of Indonesia]] (PMKRI)<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{notelist}}{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110512205214/http://kemdiknas.go.id/ Ministry of National Education of Indonesia]<br /> * [https://web.archive.org/web/20150923151942/http://ban-pt.kemdiknas.go.id/ National Accreditation Board for Higher Education]<br /> * [http://carikampus.com/ Social Indonesia University Listing]<br /> <br /> {{Universities in Indonesia|state=expanded}}<br /> {{Asia topic|List of universities in}}<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Universities In Indonesia}}<br /> [[Category:Universities in Indonesia|*]]<br /> [[Category:Indonesia education-related lists]]<br /> [[Category:Lists of universities and colleges in Asia|Indonesia]]<br /> [[Category:Lists of universities and colleges in Indonesia| ]]<br /> [[Category:Lists of universities and colleges by country|Indonesia]]<br /> <br /> [[id:Daftar perguruan tinggi di Indonesia]]<br /> [[jv:Dhaptar perguruan tinggi ing Indonésia]]</div> Xbypass https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bank_Rakyat_Indonesia&diff=1239783541 Bank Rakyat Indonesia 2024-08-11T14:32:42Z <p>Xbypass: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Indonesian bank}}<br /> {{distinguish|Bank Rakyat}}<br /> {{Use British English|date=April 2021}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2017}}<br /> {{Infobox company<br /> | name = PT Bank Rakyat Indonesia (Persero) Tbk<br /> | logo = BRI 2020.svg<br /> | logo_caption = Logo since 2020<br /> | image = File:BRI and GKBI - panoramio.jpg<br /> | image_caption = BRI Building, headquarters of BRI<br /> | type = [[Public company|Public]]<br /> | traded_as = {{idx|BBRI}}<br /> | foundation = {{start date and age|1895|12|16|df=y|br=y}}<br /> | founder = {{plainlist|<br /> * Raden Bei Aria Wirjaatmadja (as ''Purwokertoan Savings and Loan Bank of Native Nobility'')<br /> * [[Government of Indonesia]] (as ''Bank Rakyat Indonesia'')}}<br /> | location = [[Jakarta]], Indonesia<br /> | key_people = {{ubl|Sunarso (President Director)|Kartika Wirjoatmodjo (President Commissioner)}}<br /> | industry = [[Financial services]], [[microfinance]]<br /> | revenue = {{profit}} [[Indonesian Rupiah|Rp]] 121.76 [[Trillion (short scale)|trillion]] (2019)<br /> | operating_income = {{profit}} Rp 43.431 trillion (2019)<br /> | equity = {{profit}} Rp 208.8 trillion (2019)<br /> | owner = [[Government of Indonesia]] (53.19%)<br /> | assets = {{profit}} Rp 1.865,63 trillion (2022)<br /> | net_income = {{profit}} [[Indonesian Rupiah|Rp]] 34.4 trillion (2019)&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=BRI books record net profits|newspaper=The Jakarta Post|date=21 March 2011|url=http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2011/03/31/bri-books-record-net-profits.html|access-date=20 April 2011|archive-date=28 July 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120728200141/http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2011/03/31/bri-books-record-net-profits.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | subsid = [[Permodalan Nasional Madani]]&lt;br&gt;[[Pegadaian]]&lt;br&gt;[[Bank Raya Indonesia]]&lt;br&gt; [[Bank Syariah Indonesia]] (17.4%)&lt;br&gt;[[BRI Insurance]]&lt;br&gt;[[BRI Life]]&lt;br&gt;BRI Remittance&lt;br&gt;[[BRI Danareksa Sekuritas]]&lt;ref name=&quot;danaseku&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/market/20180928081747-17-35132/bri-resmi-akuisisi-mayoritas-saham-danareksa-sekuritas|title=BRI Resmi Akuisisi Mayoritas Saham Danareksa Sekuritas|publisher=cnbcindonesia.com|accessdate=9 January 2020|archive-date=10 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230410061012/https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/market/20180928081747-17-35132/bri-resmi-akuisisi-mayoritas-saham-danareksa-sekuritas|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br&gt;BRI Ventures&lt;br&gt;[[Danareksa Investment Management]]&lt;ref name=&quot;dim&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://keuangan.kontan.co.id/news/bri-kuasai-danareksa-investment-management|title=BRI Kuasai Danareksa Investment Management|publisher=Kontan|first=Selvi|last=Mayasari|date=2 December 2022|language=id|access-date=4 December 2022|archive-date=27 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230127021530/https://keuangan.kontan.co.id/news/bri-kuasai-danareksa-investment-management|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> | num_employees = 78.897 &lt;small&gt;(2022)&lt;/small&gt;<br /> | homepage = {{official URL}}<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''PT Bank Rakyat Indonesia (Persero) Tbk''' ({{lit.}} &quot;Indonesian People's Bank&quot;), commonly known as '''Bank BRI''' or just '''BRI''', is one of the largest banks in [[Indonesia]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.indonesia-investments.com/doing-business/indonesian-companies/bank-rakyat-indonesia/item209|title=Indonesia-Investments.com:Bank Rakyat company profile|date=25 March 2014|access-date=26 March 2014|archive-date=11 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230411032855/https://www.indonesia-investments.com/doing-business/indonesian-companies/bank-rakyat-indonesia/item209|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; It specialises in small scale and [[microfinance]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Ledgerwoodbali|first=Joanna|title=Microfinance handbook: an institutional and financial perspective|publisher=World Bank Publications|year=1999 |location=bali denpasar|page=253|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ciFt3kcRYGIC|isbn=978-0-8213-4306-7}}&lt;/ref&gt; style borrowing from and lending to its approximately 30 million retail clients through its over 8,600 branches, units and rural service posts. It also has a comparatively small, but growing, corporate business. As of 2022, it is the second largest bank in Indonesia by asset.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Binekasri|first=Romys|title=Top 10 Largest Bank Asset in Indonesia|publisher=CNBC Indonesia|date=10 March 2023|url=https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/market/20230310092808-17-420529/ini-dia-top-10-bank-dengan-aset-terbesar-di-ri#:~:|access-date=12 April 2023|archive-date=2 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231102102148/https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/market/20230310092808-17-420529/ini-dia-top-10-bank-dengan-aset-terbesar-di-ri#:~:|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> BRI is the oldest bank in Indonesia, tracing back since 1895. It is currently 53% [[Government-owned corporation|government owned operating company]] (Persero) and has been government-owned for the entire period since the war of independence (1945 to 1949) to November 2003, when 30% of its shares were sold through an [[Initial public offering|IPO]].<br /> <br /> == History ==<br /> [[File:Bank BRI 2000.svg|thumb|Logo of BRI between 2000 and 2007, still used occasionally for unofficial purposes]]<br /> BRI was founded in 1895, during the [[United Kingdom of the Netherlands|Dutch]] colonial period as ''De Poerwokertosche Hulp en Spaarbank der Inlandsche Hoofden'' (Help and Savings Bank for Purwokerto's Aristocrats) by Raden Bei Aria Wirjaatmadja in [[Purwokerto]], [[Central Java]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.ir-bri.com/ Investor Relations: Corporate Profile] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100307234157/http://www.ir-bri.com/ |date=7 March 2010 }}, Bank Rakyat Indonesia's investor relations site. Retrieved 24 November 2014.&lt;/ref&gt; It then underwent its first (of many) name changes to ''Hulp en Spaarbank der Inlandsche Bestuurs Ambtenaren'' (Help and Savings Bank for Local Civil Servants). Going through several name changes, its final name during the colonial period was ''Algemene Volkscredietbank'' (People's General Credit Bank, AVB) in 1934. This translates loosely into Indonesian as ''Bank Rakyat Serikat''. At this point, it was one of the largest institutions in the (then) colony. The bank's operations were affected by the Japanese occupation during the 1942 to 1945 period of [[World War II]], including a further name change to People's Bank ([[Japanese language|Japanese]]: {{Nihongo krt|2=庶民銀行|3=[[Hepburn]]: ''shominginkō'', [[Kunrei-shiki]]: ''Syomin Ginkoo''}}, [[Indonesian language|Indonesian]]: ''Bank Rakjat'' (old spelling, current spelling: ''Bank Rakyat'')). After the Indonesian declaration of independence, on 17 August 1945 the bank was officially [[nationalise]]d by the new government and then renamed ''Bank Rakyat Indonesia Serikat''. BRI gained its current name and [[limited company]] status in 1992.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Binekasri |first=Romys |title=Jadi Bank Tertua di RI, Siapa Pemilik BRI? |url=https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/market/20220720094542-17-356932/jadi-bank-tertua-di-ri-siapa-pemilik-bri |access-date=2024-06-10 |website=CNBC Indonesia |language=id-ID |archive-date=10 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240610012025/https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/market/20220720094542-17-356932/jadi-bank-tertua-di-ri-siapa-pemilik-bri |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Since then, BRI has been concentrating on increasing its core business and improving its [[risk management]] practices. As part of the [[Reformation (Indonesia)|reformasi]] (reform) process in Indonesia since 1998, the government has been steadily reducing its influence on the Bank's day-to-day operations, culminating in its IPO. It is also seeking to comply with the [[Basel II]] accords, as mandated by [[Bank Indonesia]], by 2008.{{Citation needed|date=February 2024}}<br /> <br /> During the period of 2006–2011, its assets jumped almost 62%. The bank topped the list of the nation's most profitable banks for six years, recording assets of Rp 249.56&amp;nbsp;trillion (US$28.6&amp;nbsp;billion) in 2010, up from Rp 154.72&amp;nbsp;trillion in 2006.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=BRI's assets jump 62% in 5 years|newspaper=The Jakarta Post|date=14 April 2011|url=http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2011/04/14/bris-assets-jump-62-5-years.html|access-date=20 April 2011|archive-date=18 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110418052331/http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2011/04/14/bris-assets-jump-62-5-years.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> [[File:BANK BRI logo.svg|thumb|left|The former logo of BRI, used until December 2020.]]<br /> <br /> ==Offices worldwide==<br /> * BRI New York Agency&lt;ref name=&quot;Overseas Unit&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://bri.co.id/en/unit-kerja-luar-negeri |title=Overseas Unit |access-date=15 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240718085720/https://bri.co.id/en/unit-kerja-luar-negeri |archive-date=18 July 2024 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> * BRI Singapore Branch&lt;ref name=&quot;Overseas Unit&quot;/&gt;<br /> * BRI Hong Kong Representative Office&lt;ref name=&quot;Overseas Unit&quot;/&gt;<br /> * BRI Cayman Island Branch&lt;ref name=&quot;Overseas Unit&quot;/&gt;<br /> * BRI Timor Leste Branch&lt;ref name=&quot;Overseas Unit&quot;/&gt;<br /> * BRI Taipei Branch&lt;ref name=&quot;Overseas Unit&quot;/&gt;<br /> <br /> == Satellite ==<br /> In April 2014, BRI contracted with [[Space Systems/Loral]] and [[Arianespace]] to, respectively, build and launch their first [[satellite]], a {{cvt|3500|kg}} [[C band (IEEE)|C-band]] and [[Ku band|Ku-band]] spacecraft dubbed BRIsat, and on 18 June 2016, [[Ariane 5]] has successfully launched [[BRIsat]] as the first satellite owned and operated by a bank in the world to link the bank's geographically isolated branches.&lt;ref name=&quot;sn&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last=de Selding|first=Peter B.|title=Indonesia Taps SS/L, Arianespace To Build, Launch 3500-kilogram Satellite|publisher=SpaceNews|date=28 April 2014 |url=http://www.spacenews.com/article/satellite-telecom/40358indonesia-taps-ssl-arianespace-to-build-launch-3500-kilogram|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140909180244/http://www.spacenews.com/article/satellite-telecom/40358indonesia-taps-ssl-arianespace-to-build-launch-3500-kilogram|url-status=dead|archive-date=9 September 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://en.tempo.co/read/news/2016/06/19/310781184/Ariane-5-Launched-into-Space-with-BRIsat|title=Ariane 5 Launched into Space with BRIsat|date=19 June 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == References ==<br /> {{Portal|Spaceflight}}<br /> {{Reflist|30em}}<br /> <br /> {{Commons category|Bank Rakyat Indonesia}}<br /> <br /> {{Banks in Indonesia}}<br /> {{Portalbar|Companies|Banks}}<br /> {{authority control}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Bank Rakyat Indonesia| ]]<br /> [[Category:Banks of Indonesia]]<br /> [[Category:Microfinance organizations]]<br /> [[Category:Government-owned banks of Indonesia]]<br /> [[Category:Companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange]]<br /> [[Category:Companies in the IDX 30]]<br /> [[Category:Banks established in 1895]]<br /> [[Category:Companies based in Jakarta]]<br /> [[Category:Indonesian brands]]<br /> [[Category:1895 establishments in the Dutch East Indies]]<br /> [[Category:2003 initial public offerings]]</div> Xbypass https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=East_Sumatra_revolution&diff=1239218527 East Sumatra revolution 2024-08-08T00:05:30Z <p>Xbypass: </p> <hr /> <div>{{History of Indonesia}}<br /> {{Campaignbox Indonesian National Revolution}}<br /> {{EngvarB|date=September 2013}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2013}}<br /> <br /> The '''East Sumatra revolution''', also known as the '''East Sumatra social revolution''' ({{Lang|id|Revolusi Sosial Sumatera Timur}}), began on 3 March 1946. Across 25 &quot;native states&quot;, many sultanates were overthrown and mass killing of members of the aristocratic families were performed by armed ''pergerakan'' groups (Indonesian nationalists).{{sfn|Said|1973|p=}} To the opportunistic ''pergerakan'' militants (especially [[Communist Party of Indonesia]] leaders [[Abdoe'lxarim M. S.]] and Luat Siregar), the revolutionary movement was seen as one of the means for East Sumatra to be freed from colonial overlordship and to join the larger [[Indonesian National Revolution]].{{sfn|Kahin|1970|p=180}} Participants of the revolution were believed to be provoked by leaders to kill aristocrats and create violence. These belligerents had three prime objectives: to eliminate the sultans and aristocrats (who were seen as Dutch allies), to seize their wealth (as sources of funding for the Indonesian independence campaign) and to eliminate the region's feudal social structure.{{sfn|Reid|2005|p=328}} The revolution brought about the formation of the [[State of East Sumatra]], which was dissolved when the region became part of the Indonesian republic.<br /> <br /> ==Background==<br /> The Dutch subjugated the Minangkabau of Sumatra in the [[Padri War]] and the [[Dutch expedition on the west coast of Sumatra]] occurred. There followed the [[conquest of the Aceh Sultanate]] of Sumatra.<br /> <br /> East Sumatra during colonial period was dominated by plantation with workers from diverse ethnicities. This was exploited by capitalism of European and benefit for local aristocratic group such as local chiefs and sultans. As government power became unstable because of Japanese occupation, tension between ethnicities and social class erupted.{{Sfn|Sutherland|van Goor|1986}}<br /> <br /> === East Sumatra under the Dutch (1930s–1942) ===<br /> <br /> ==== {{anchor|Ethnic tensions}}Ethnic tensions ====<br /> [[File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM De Raja van Dolok met zijn gevolg Simeloengoen TMnr 10001725.jpg|thumbnail|right|alt=Seated raja, surrounded by other men|Simalungun king with his entourage]]<br /> The influx of Chinese, Javanese, and other ethnic immigrants to the region during the 1930s gave rise to several official associations associated with the kingdom to identify certain customary elements to form the cultural core of the East Sumatra society.{{sfn|Ariffin|1999|p=}} Even though the [[Karo people (Indonesia)|Karo]], [[Malays (ethnic group)|Malays]], and [[Simalungun people]]s were all recognised as indigenous communities in the region, the royalty and associations chose to emphasize more on preserving the Malay cultural identity. Special privileges were granted to the Malays (such as accessing to plantation land) by the Dutch and the social status of the Malays appeared to be much higher than the other indigenous communities in East Sumatra. As a result, members of the other two indigenous communities as well as the other locals felt this was unfair and that resulted in unwanted ethnic tensions. An increasing number of locals began to disagree with the Dutch and the Malay aristocrats due to the bias that these elites had towards the Malays.<br /> <br /> ==== {{anchor|Religious divisions and Islamic movements}}Religious divisions and Islamic movements ====<br /> Another division between the Malays and the two groups was religion, whereby the Malays were mostly Muslims and majority of the [[Karo people (Indonesia)]] and [[Simalungun]] were Christians or animists. Despite being the third-largest group in the 1930s, the Javanese, in particular the [[Abangan]], were perceived by the Malays to have a lower social status and their practice of Islam was seen to be nominal. The Malays were usually regarded as the traditional protectors of Islam by the authorities and the other Muslim reformist forces who advocated an Islam different from the Malay orientation were seen as threats to the authority of the sultans. The former was known as the Kaum Tua (old group) and the latter as the Kaum Muda (young group, reformist) who &quot;...sought to free the Islamic communities from superstitious beliefs.&quot;.{{sfn|Ariffin|1993|p=85}}<br /> <br /> There were two major modernist Islamic movements launched by the ''Kaum Muda'': firstly, the [[Muhammadiyah]] movement that involved conflicts over religious texts and teachings and secondly, the Jamiatul Wasliyah organization which shared common interests with Muhammadiah. Even though the ''Kuam Muda'' presented themselves as “non-political” Islamic leaders, the ''kerajaan'' still regarded those organizations with hostility and decided to support the ''Kuam Tua'' instead. Hence, the Malays were said to claim dominance in both political and cultural spheres, which led to resentment of the Malay aristocratic class and Malays in general.{{sfn|Kahin|1985|p=116}}<br /> <br /> ==== {{anchor|The political movement}}The political movement ====<br /> During the late 1930s, the national movements led by the ''pergerakan'' were developing rapidly among urban and educated sections of the Indonesian community.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=}} One example was the East Sumatra Association, which was created in 1938 by Dutch-educated Malays and was later led by Dr Tengku Mansur (who was connected to the ''Asahan'' royal family). The political association aimed to improve the social status of East Sumatran natives, including [[Simalungun people]] and [[Karo people (Indonesia)]]. The national movement then slowly reached out to small farmers of the tobacco-growing area, which eventually provided the rudiments of an important rural base for the two nationalist parties, ''GERINDO'' and ''PARINDRA'' in East Sumatra. Besides raising voices that disagreed with the Dutch repression and Malay aristocracy, the two parties also played important roles in initiating and mobilizing resources to support the 1946 East Sumatra social revolution.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=}} <br /> <br /> === East Sumatra during the Japanese occupation (1942–early 1945) ===<br /> {{See also|Invasion of Sumatra (1942)}}<br /> [[File:Japanese_Occupation_of_Sumatra,_1942.jpg|thumb|right|Japanese paratroopers during the invasion of Sumatra in February 1942]]<br /> During the occupation, the Japanese implemented policies that were perceived as a continuance of Dutch support for the ''kerajaan''. Under the policies, the ''kerajaan'' were able to gain access to various incomes, titles, and religious authority that they used to have in the 1930s.{{sfn|Kahin|1999|p=95}} However, Japanese used available fragmentation between the ''pergerakan'' and the ''kerajaan''.{{Sfn|Reid|2004}} The regaining of Malay aristocrats’ power during the Japanese Occupation resulted in suppression of the peasant community in East Sumatra.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=}} Many Japanese officials managed to exploit food and labour supplies from the peasantry through the ''kerajaan'' hierarchy and that had increased the amount of economic pressure faced by the farming population of East Sumatra.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=}} Although, moderate members of ''PARINDRA'', one of the ''pergerakan'' nationalist parties, even took the initiative to form a ''Comité Indonesia'' in an attempt to present a united ''pergerakan'' front to the Japanese. They were motivated to launch a new Indonesian-controlled administration with the support from the Japanese. However, the garnering of support from the Japanese did not work out well because the priority of the Japanese was to obtain the oil and plantation produce from East Sumatra rather than making any significant political changes to the existing government structures.{{sfn|Kahin|1999|p=95}} Furthermore, the policies adopted by the Japanese were seen as a continuance of Dutch support for the ''kerajaan'' that caused nationalists to hold stronger negative feelings towards the Sultans and Malay aristocrats.<br /> <br /> Consequently, the credibility of those traditional, nationalists and religious leaders, who were assigned by the Japanese, was severely damaged. A new leadership was then formed by a group of ''pemuda'' (youth) who had received their formative education under the Japanese military groups (''Giyūgun'', ''[[Heiho]]'' and ''[[Tokubetsu Keisatsutai|Tokkeitai]]''). The military training guided by Japanese ethics and values fanned their nationalism and motivated them to defend their lands.{{sfn|Kahin|1999|p=118}} These Japanese-trained ''pemuda'' then took on active roles in fighting against the Dutch and Malay sultans during the 1946 East Sumatra Social Revolution.<br /> <br /> === Allied landings, local struggles and period of uncertainty (late 1945–1946) ===<br /> After the Japanese surrendered, the independence of Indonesia was [[Proclamation of Indonesian Independence|declared]] in Jakarta and [[Sukarno]] was chosen as the president of a new republic. Sumatra was then declared to be a province of the new republic and Medan was chosen as its capital.{{sfn|Bertrand|Laliberte|2010|p=34}} Despite this, many leaders were worried about the possibility of the Dutch returning and of the Malay and Batak aristocrats regaining their former power. <br /> <br /> From 21 August, leaflets were sent to Sumatra on Netherlands Indies Civil Administration. Japanese surrender was publicly announced on 22 August. On 25 August, Naval Lt. Brondgeest and Dutch-dominated unit landed near Pangkalan Brandan. Brondgeest, by 1 September, had been established base in Medan and contact with Japanese, Sultan of Deli, Sultan of Langkat, and other cooperative natives. This cooperative native asked for some reforms. Brondgeest decided to act independently from British and Japanese with local Ambonese and Menadonese as police force to control Medan and Republican movement. The Muslim fast was ended on 7 August and celebrated by mending relation with pro-Dutch peoples. On 14 September, Lt. Westerling and 3 others who were part of Dutch commando entered Medan to equip the police force.{{Sfn|Reid|2004}} <br /> <br /> Many of the Japanese-trained unemployed ''pemuda'' of ex-Giyugun were then recruited by [[Abdoe'lxarim M. S.]] – the executor of the former ''Badan Oentoek Membantor Pertahanan Asia'' (Body for Assisting the Defence of Asia / BOMPA) property, who fed them BOMPA rice-stocks, and were then organised into a broader ''Persatuan Pemuda Latihan'' (Trained Youth Association) which include police, soldiers, and officials. On 23 September, the senior ex-Giyugun officer, First Lieutenant Achmad Tahir issued a meeting for all Japanese-trained Pemuda in ''Asrama Rensheikei''. Among these groups, some had contact with 'underground' groups with pre-war left wing experience. These groups include Karo group under the leaderships of Selamat Ginting, Tama Ginting, and Rakutta Sembiring Brahmana, and an &quot;anti-fascist&quot; group under Nathar Zainuddin a veteran islamist communist, which include [[Urbanus Pardede]], Bustami, Joenoes Nasution, and Marzuki Lubis. They plan to contact with Aminuddin Nazir of Inoue's coastal guard and by evening ''Badan Pemuda Indonesia'' or BPI was formed under Achmad Tahir as First Chairman.{{sfn|Reid|2014|pp=154-155}} Before the landings of the Allied (British) forces, these young ''pemuda'' were actively propagating information about the republic. They persuaded the senior Indonesian officials to resist the Japanese, the Dutch and Malay aristocrats. Therefore, these ''pemuda'' were seen as very nationalistic, eager to resist the return of the Dutch, and unsympathetic to the various ''kerajaan''.&quot;{{sfn|Ariffin|1993|p=85}} On 6 October, new Sultan of Deli who was known for his skeptic of Republic was installed.{{Sfn|Reid|2004}} By 10 October 1945, ''[[Tentara Keamanan Rakyat]]'' or TKR of East Sumatra was formed with Achmad Tahir as Commander, Soetjipto as Chief-of-Staff, Capt. Hotman Sitoempul in Siantar, Lt. Martinus Lubis in Brastagi, and Lt. Djamin Ginting in Kabanjahe.{{sfn|Reid|2014|pp=161-162}}<br /> <br /> The initial landings of Allied forces (the British) and the Dutch, were not opposed by ''pemuda'' troops as Governor [[Teuku Muhammad Hasan|Hasan]] followed official republican policies of cooperating with the Allied. The flashpoint in Medan was the former Pensiun Wilhelmina in Jalan Bali, Medan, which was used as hostel and housed Westerling's ex-KNIL troops of mainly Ambonese. On 13 October 1945, supposedly an incident happened where one of the Dutch sentries torn off and trampled a red and white pin worn by a child. An angry crowd began to gather and fighting began, resulting several wounded. Two Dutchman fired into the crowd from a car killing an Indonesian. Japanese troops arrived alongside TKR under Achmad Tahir and managed to calm the crowd. The crowd dispersed at 1.30 p.m., with two Indonesians and one Ambonese woman were killed in the fighting.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=159}} However two hours later, ''pemuda'' returned, leaving six killed and about 100 wounded among the Ambonese and Menadonese. The Dutchman in charge of the hotel and a swiss family were killed as a result. The attack spread to [[Pematangsiantar]], and on 15 October, a five-man detachment under Brondgeest who was sent to Siantar Hotel to check on Japanese troop concentrated there was attacked. The hotel was besieged and burned, killing all the Dutch soldiers, ten Ambonese soldiers, two ''pemuda'' and four Swiss who managed the hotel. These marked the beginning of [[Battle of Medan]], between republican troops of TKR under Achmad Tahir as well as various ''pemuda'' affiliated with semi-criminal Medan underworld and Allied forces under T.E.D Kelly.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=162}}<br /> <br /> On 18 October 1945, the control of Medan became the responsibility of the British, immediately after official orders were issued by Republican leaders for ''pemuda'' to surrender their weapons to the British troops.{{sfn|Kahin|1999|p=243}} Nonetheless, the ''pemuda'' of East Sumatra managed to acquire some weapons that were left over by Japanese soldiers after the surrender and used them to confront the British in the south of Medan on 10 December 1945.{{sfn|McMillan|2005|p=}} A strong sense of contingency was said to be present in the British policy as the political circumstances in Indonesia forced them to make decisions that were seemingly neither pro-Dutch nor pro-Indonesian,{{sfn|McMillan|2005|p=}} although British intelligence manipulated events to pressure the (British) Malay monarchs for political initiatives in order to avoid being revolutionary targets.{{Sfn|Poulgrain|1998|pp=42–48}} Tensions between the Dutch and British modes of operation as well as the strong resistance from Indonesian nationalists resulted in low British morale throughout the post-war British occupation.{{sfn|McMillan|2005|p=}} After consultation with General Chambers in Padang, on 26 October Kelly disarmed and disbanded Ambonese forces under [[Raymond Westerling|Westerling]] and Brondgeest, and the Dutch detainees were again guarded by Japanese forces. Only Westerling remained behind at Kelly's request to put his terrorist tactics to work with the British.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=161}} British commander published on 24 December 1945 his intent to recognise TKR as official peacekeeper outside of Medan and British would give weapons (rubber-for-weapons) for some republican within Medan after rubber smuggling from Sumatra to Singapore in the period February-April 1946.{{Sfn|Poulgrain|1998|pp=40–41}}<br /> <br /> Armed clashes with the British, Dutch, and Japanese remained at a low level for the next two months until rumours that the Dutch were about to attempt a landing started spreading among the locals. On 3 March 1946, thousands of armed ''pemuda'' surrounded the palace in [[Tanjungbalai (city)|Tanjung Balai]] in response to the wide dissemination of reports that claimed that the ''kerajaan'' had formed a ''Comité van Ontvangst'' (reception committee) to welcome the Dutch.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=230}} The outbreak of violence between the ''kerajaan'' and the armed ''pemuda'' hence marked the start of the 1946 East Sumatra Social Revolution.<br /> <br /> == East Sumatra Social Revolution: 3 March 1946 ==<br /> On 3 March 1946, thousands of armed men assembled to oppose the big sultanates after hearing the rumours that the Dutch were returning. Violence and bloodshed was involved, where seven princes, ninety aristocrats (in Langkat) and countless officials from native states were killed.{{sfn|Ariffin|1993|p=64}} The Sultan of Langkat's daughters were raped and poet [[Amir Hamzah|Tengku Amir Hamzah]] was killed on 9 March by the ''Pemuda'' (young Japanese-trained militant) leaders and many Malay farmers were forced to give up their plantation land that they had acquired under the Dutch to be redistributed for those former plantation workers and non-Malay farmers (mostly Javanese). The militants under the leadership of PESINDO (''Pemuda Sosialis Indonesia''), the [[Indonesian Communist Party]], and the [[Indonesian National Party]] attacked almost all of the Malay aristocrats. The wives and children of the aristocrat families were interned and their houses were ransacked for treasure by the ''Pemuda''. The sympathy that Malay aristocrats had for the Dutch and the threats that they represented to the independence of Indonesia were commonly seen as the two main reasons for the occurrence of this violent event.<br /> <br /> ==={{anchor|Main objectives}}Main objectives===<br /> There were three main objectives associated with the revolution that involved different groups of people: firstly, to seize Malay aristocrats and their principal supporters so as to thwart their plans for the return of the Dutch; secondly, gain control of ''kerajaan'' the Malay sultanates' wealth in order to sustain the expenses for the national struggle and thirdly, to exercise political and societal changes in accordance to the Marxist intellectuals who were involved in the event.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=230}}<br /> <br /> ==={{anchor|Causes}}Causes===<br /> The 1946 East Sumatra social revolution was an outcome of class, ideological, and ethnic tensions that had accumulated over several decades. Since the Dutch colonial period, the region's demographics, socio-political structure, and economic system had undergone great changes. Many locals, especially those of the low and middle classed, who were consistently suppressed under the hierarchy system, became highly dissatisfied with the ''kerajaan'' hierarchy and the Dutch. The national revolution also reflected a great diversity of interests from almost all sections of Sumatran society and several complex issues behind the fight for independence in East Sumatra.<br /> <br /> ==== Political causes ====<br /> [[File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM De prinsen van Deli Langkat en Serdang TMnr 10001178.jpg|thumbnail|right|alt=Three men in ceremonial dress|Malay princes of East Sumatra from the Royal Houses of Deli, Langkat and Serdang]]<br /> <br /> By 1942, the Dutch, who were accountable to the Netherlands East Indies government in Batavia, were holding on to majority of the administrative power in the region. A feudal government was formed over the four primary sultanates in the region ([[Sultanate of Langkat|Langkat]], [[Sultanate of Serdang|Serdang]], [[Sultanate of Deli|Deli]], and [[Asahan Sultanate|Asahan]]) and ''kerajaan'' before (and after) the arrival of the Dutch,{{sfn|Kahin|1985|p=113}} Under Dutch rule, the kingdoms and principalities were absorbed into a centralised political structure and these indigenous elites were included in the administration (which they shared with the Dutch) of the region.{{sfn|Kahin|1985|p=113}} Consequently, both the Dutch and Malay aristocrats were able to use their political power to launch policies that suppressed the rights of the commoners. Opposition to the Dutch repression and Malay aristocracy then began to arise among ordinary people. On 3 March 1946, thousands of armed ''pemuda'' surrounded the palace in [[Tanjungbalai (city)|Tanjung Balai]] in response to the wide dissemination of reports that claimed that the ''kerajaan'' had formed a ''Comité van Ontvangst'' (reception committee) to welcome the Dutch.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=230}}<br /> <br /> In the late February 1946, Major Ferguson, part of British intelligence, was closely linked with political machinations in East Sumatra. The sultan of Deli had armed British protection and allowed his state to become a stronghold of British Intelligence. A rumour circulated that the sultans of East Sumatra proposed to form a dominion within British Malaya. The dominion proposal was created to elicit hostility from the pemuda. After it was circulated, British authorities ignored the suggestion. Then, the sultans returned into cooperation with the Dutch. Major Ferguson and the acting governor of East Sumatra, Dr Amir, visited places in East Sumatra and returned to Medan on 2 March 1946.{{Sfn|Poulgrain|1998|pp=41–43}}<br /> <br /> Either Comité van Ontvangst to welcome the Dutch or British dominion proposal were anathema to the ''pemuda''. For the ''pemuda'', ''kerajaan'' symbolised colonial injustice. Whether under Dutch or British masters, ''kerajaan'' would remain elitist and become executive of foreign oppression. This would lead to immediate demand of retribution.{{Sfn|Poulgrain|1998|pp=|p=42}}<br /> <br /> ==== Socio-economic causes ====<br /> Apart from political causes, labour policies were also implemented to sustain the economy of the region. Large numbers of foreign labourers were brought in from China and Java to meet the strong demand for labour in East Sumatra's plantation economy (which made up 64 percent of economic production). &quot;In the case of the plantation economy in this region, this foreign labour was predominantly from the relatively overcrowded island of Java: by the 1930s, 43 percent of the population was 'Javanese'.&quot;{{sfn|Kipp|1996|p=46}} In addition to the Chinese and Javanese (who numbered about 192,000 and 590,000, respectively during the 1930s), the economy also attracted migrants from other parts of the Dutch East Indies. As a result, the percentages of the three main indigenous communities: the Malays, Karo, and Simalungun in the region were significantly reduced.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=43}} The changes in social structure prompted anxiety among the people of East Sumatra.<br /> <br /> The change in the socio-economic landscape also resulted in stark class differences within East Sumatran society. In the 1930s, many farmers of the tobacco area (Deli-Serdang-Langkat) were told to cultivate smaller areas while the Malay sultans, [[Simalungun people|Simalungun]], and [[Karo people (Indonesia)|Karo]] ''rajas'' benefited from preferential treatment by the Dutch in terms of land leasing.{{sfn|Dick|2002|p=103}} Those aristocrats were able to accumulate significant wealth by &quot;leas[ing] wide tracts of land, the disposal rights over which frequently had lain traditionally with the village, to foreign companies...&quot; and seizing most of the profits.{{sfn|Kahin|1970|p=179}} Eventually, most of the rural masses went to seek help from local political parties such as GERINDO (''Gerakan Rakyat Indonesia'') and the [[Great Indonesia Party]] (''Partai Indonesia Raya'') so as to make their grievances heard. The feelings of dissatisfaction that rural farmers had against the aristocrats then became a form of support for these political parties.<br /> <br /> ==={{anchor|Leaders involved in the revolution}}Leaders involved in the revolution===<br /> There were a few groups of leaders that were involved in the revolution and all of them may be distinguished by differences in class, social mobility, nationalist seniority, and ideology.<br /> <br /> Firstly, educated Indonesians who were sympathetic to the ideology of nationalism were involved in the revolution. Most of them received tertiary education and have adopted Western values and practices in their daily life. The connections with the traditional aristocratic families did not manage to stop these people from having strong beliefs in nationalism. Ultimately, they recognized that the presence of ''kerajaan'' might be one of the hindrances for East Sumatran society to achieve full liberalization.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=}} Members of this particular group were local governors and regional deputy governors such as [[Teuku Muhammad Hasan]] and Mohammad Amir.<br /> <br /> Besides, there was also another group of leaders who shared a similar ideology of nationalism. Unlike those mentioned earlier, this group of leaders were actively involved with nationalist movements before the Pacific War.{{sfn|Palazzo|p=}} Most of them used to collaborate with the Japanese occupiers as administrative personnel and they were motivated to join this revolution so as to promote the political ideology of nationalism as well as to continue their leadership during the post-war period.<br /> <br /> Secondly, locals who rose to prominence after undergoing military training in Japanese military organisations during the period of Japanese occupation were also responsible for the revolution. These &quot;people's volunteer armies&quot; were equipped with rich military experiences and that has imbued them with a deeper commitment to radical nationalism. Eventually, some of them became militia leaders in the earlier phase of the social revolution.{{sfn|Kahin|1999|p=99}} Many scholars including Anthony Reid and Mohammad Said have highlighted the importance of these people in initiating and executing the 1946 social revolution in East Sumatra.{{sfn|Said|1973|pp=145–186}}{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=}}<br /> <br /> Thirdly, Muslim reformist forces were involved in Islamic movements to resist against the ''kerajaan'' and Malay aristocrats. Supporters of the Islamic movements had faced oppression by the sultans who claimed that they were advocating an Islam that was different from the Malay orientation. In order to protect their own religious interests, these anti-''kerajaan'' activists came together to fight against the Malay elites.{{sfn|Ariffin|1993|p=85}}<br /> <br /> ==Aftermath==<br /> === East Sumatra ===<br /> {{Main|East Sumatra}}<br /> [[File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Spandoeken tijdens het bezoek van de Wali Negara Sumatera Timur aan Pematangsiantar TMnr 60024766.jpg|thumbnail|right|alt=Large crowd, holding banners|NST supporters]]<br /> The revolutionaries, including the armed ''Pemuda'', were able to fight the Dutch return with a common unifying goal in 1945, but there were insufficient resources to last through a longer period than 1947. The Dutch return during the second half of 1947 had to rely on the support from Malay aristocrats, especially when it was facing tougher guerrilla opposition after the ceasefire. In addition to Malay support for the reinstatement of Dutch rule, representatives of other groups expressed similar concerns (some Toba leaders and the Chinese community, in particular; these groups had benefited economically from Dutch rule). The Chinese community, who were economically advantaged, were also targeted by the ''pemuda'' and their property was seized.{{sfn|Dick|2002|p=103}} In this uncertain milieu, the Chinese community saw the British and Dutch colonial forces as protectors.<br /> <br /> The East Sumatra Union (''Persatuan Sumatera Timur'') had been formed in 1938 by the westernized Malay elites to reassert Malay and Simalungun ethnic interests through support from the Dutch. With the support of these Malays, the Dutch attempted to establish a federal Indonesia consisting of a Dutch-supported State of East Sumara ({{lang-id|Negara Sumatera Timur}}, NST).{{sfn|Langenberg|1982|pp=1–30}} The threat felt by the Chinese also motivated them to co-operate with the Malay aristocrats, most of the Simalungun rajas, some Karo chieftains and the Dutch in creating the NST. Dr Tengku Mansur (a member of the Asahan royal family) was selected as head of state and the NST lasted from December 1947 to August 1950. While the Dutch wanted the NST to be seen as an orderly and progressive alternative to the republic, the western-educated aristocrats saw NST as a bastion for their own ethnic interests.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=}} The NST began to disintegrate as soon as Dutch military support was withdrawn. The short-lived state was viewed with suspicion, and Dr Tengku Mansur eventually surrendered authority to the republic in August 1950,{{sfn|Reid|1971|pp=21–46}} which backed by military for the stability framework.{{Sfn|Sutherland|van Goor|1986}} Consequently, East Sumatra was merged into a larger province of [[North Sumatra]], where it has remained till today.<br /> <br /> === Malaya ===<br /> The demise of the sultans in East Sumatra was the turning point in British Malaya. This was politically motivating Malayan Malay against the [[Parti Kebangsaan Melayu Malaya|Malay Nationalist Party]] (MNP) which was Tan Malaka allies. During March 1946, [[United Malays National Organisation]] (UMNO) went with full support of Malay sultans as their inactivity would lead to similar fate as their relatives in East Sumatra. From August to Novem­ber 1946, UMNO was in negotiation with British while MNP was excluded. The rise of UMNO gave political voice for the popular support commanded by the conservative elite, inseparable to events in Indonesia, and has been beneficial for long-term British presence.{{Sfn|Poulgrain|1998|pp=44–45}}<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> *[[Indonesian National Revolution]]<br /> *[[History of Indonesia]]<br /> <br /> ==Notes==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Ariffin| first = Omar | title = Bangsa Melayu: Malay Concepts of Democracy and Community 1945–1950|language = id | publisher = Oxford University Press|location = Oxford| year = 1993| isbn = 0195886135 }}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Ariffin| first = Omar | title = Revolusi Indonesia dan Bangsa Melayu: Runtuhnya Kerajaan-Kerajaan Melayu Sumatera Timur Pada Tahun 1946|language = id |publisher = Koperasi Kedai Buku Universiti Sains Malaysia Sdn Bhd|location = Pulau Pinang | year = 1999| isbn = 983861193X}}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Dick| first = H.W. | title = The Emergence of a National Economy : An Economic History of Indonesia, 1800-2000| publisher = Asian Studies Association of Australia in association with Allen &amp; Unwin|location = Australia| year = 2002| isbn = 9781741150209}}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Kahin| first = Audrey R.| title = Regional Dynamics of the Indonesian Revolution: Unity From Diversity| publisher = University of Hawaii Press|location = United States| year = 1985| isbn = 0824809823}}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Kahin | first = George McTurnan | title = Nationalism and Revolution in Indonesia | publisher = Cornell University Press | year = 1970 | isbn = 0-8014-9108-8 }}<br /> * {{cite book |last1=Kahin |first1=Audrey |title=Rebellion to Integration: West Sumatra and the Indonesian Polity |date=1999 |publisher=Amsterdam University Press |location=Amsterdam |isbn=9053563954}}<br /> *{{Cite book| last = Kipp| first = Rita Smith| title = Dissociated Identities: Ethnicity, Religion and Class in an Indonesian Society| publisher = University of Michigan Press| location = Ann Arbor| year = 1996| isbn = 047208402X| url-access = registration| url = https://archive.org/details/dissociatedident00rita_0}}<br /> *{{cite book|last1=Bertrand|first1=Jacques|last2=Laliberte|first2=Ander|title=Multination States in Asia: Accommodation or Resistance <br /> |date=2010|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge|isbn=978-0511750755|page=34}}<br /> *{{cite journal | last = Langenberg| first = Michael. van. | title = Class and Ethnic Conflict in Indonesian's Decolonization Process: A Study of East Sumatra| publisher = Cornell University: Indonesia Southeast Asia Program Publications|journal=Indonesia |volume= 33|issue=33 |pages=1–30 |date=April 1982| doi = 10.2307/3350925 | jstor = 3350925 |url=https://ecommons.cornell.edu/bitstream/handle/1813/53737/INDO_33_0_1107016894_1_30.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y}}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = McMillan| first = Richard| title = The British Occupation of Indonesia, 1945-1946: Britain, the Netherlands and the Indonesian revolution| publisher = Routledge|location = New York| year = 2005}}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Milner| first = Anthony| title = The Malays| publisher = Blackwell Publishing Ltd|location = United Kingdom | year = 2011| isbn = 978-1444339031 }}<br /> *{{cite web|last=Palazzo|first=Albert|title=The Netherlands East Indies and the Pacific War|url=http://www.awm.gov.au/exhibitions/alliesinadversity/essay/index.asp|work=Allies in Adversity. Australia and the Dutch in the Pacific War|publisher=Australian War Memorial}}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Poulgrain| first = Greg| title = The Genesis of Konfrontasi: Malaysia, Brunei and Indonesia 1945–1965| publisher = Crawford House Publishing Pty Ltd|location = Australia| year = 1998| isbn = 1850655138}}<br /> *{{cite journal|last1=Reid|first1=Anthony|title=The Birth of the Republic in Sumatra |journal=Indonesia |date=1971 | volume=12 |issue=Oct |url=https://ecommons.cornell.edu/bitstream/handle/1813/53522/INDO_12_0_1107125075_21_46.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y |pages=21–46|doi=10.2307/3350656|jstor=3350656 }}<br /> *{{Cite book |last=Reid |first=Anthony |url=https://brill.com/view/title/23090 |title=An Indonesian Frontier: Acehnese and Other Histories of Sumatra |date= |publisher=[[Brill]] |year=2004 |isbn=978-90-04-48655-3 |doi=10.1163/9789004486553_018}}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Reid | first = Anthony| title = An Indonesian Frontier: Acehnese and Other Histories of Sumatra| publisher = Singapore University Press|location= Singapore| year = 2005| isbn = 9971692988}}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Reid | first = Anthony| author-link = Anthony Reid | title = The Blood of the People: Revolution &amp; the End of Traditional Rule in Northern Sumatra | publisher = NUS Press | year = 2014 | location = Singapore | isbn = 978-9971-69-637-5 }}<br /> *{{cite journal | last = Said| first = H. Mohammed | title = What was the Social Revolution of 1946 in East Sumatra| publisher = Cornell University: Indonesia Southeast Asia Program Publications|journal=Indonesia |volume= 15|issue=15 |pages=145–186 |date=April 1973| doi = 10.2307/3350795 | jstor = 3350795 | hdl = 1813/53556 |url= https://ecommons.cornell.edu/bitstream/handle/1813/53556/INDO_15_0_1107128614_145_186.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y}}<br /> *{{Cite journal |last1=Sutherland |first1=Heather |last2=van Goor |first2=J. |year=1986 |title=The Indonesian Revolution: A Review |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3351190 |journal=Indonesia |volume=42 |issue=42 |pages=113–118 |doi=10.2307/3351190|jstor=3351190 |hdl=1813/53847 |hdl-access=free}}<br /> <br /> {{Indonesian National Revolution}}<br /> [[Category:Massacres of the Indonesian National Revolution]]<br /> [[Category:Massacres committed by Indonesia]]<br /> [[Category:1940s in Indonesia]]<br /> [[Category:Massacres in 1946]]<br /> [[Category:Political and cultural purges]]<br /> [[Category:Regicides]]</div> Xbypass https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=East_Sumatra_revolution&diff=1239218254 East Sumatra revolution 2024-08-08T00:03:35Z <p>Xbypass: </p> <hr /> <div>{{History of Indonesia}}<br /> {{Campaignbox Indonesian National Revolution}}<br /> {{EngvarB|date=September 2013}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2013}}<br /> <br /> The '''East Sumatra revolution''', also known as the '''East Sumatra social revolution''' ({{Lang|id|Revolusi Sosial Sumatera Timur}}), began on 3 March 1946. Across 25 &quot;native states&quot;, many sultanates were overthrown and mass killing of members of the aristocratic families were performed by armed ''pergerakan'' groups (Indonesian nationalists).{{sfn|Said|1973|p=}} To the opportunistic ''pergerakan'' militants (especially [[Communist Party of Indonesia]] leaders [[Abdoe'lxarim M. S.]] and Luat Siregar), the revolutionary movement was seen as one of the means for East Sumatra to be freed from colonial overlordship and to join the larger [[Indonesian National Revolution]].{{sfn|Kahin|1970|p=180}} Participants of the revolution were believed to be provoked by leaders to kill aristocrats and create violence. These belligerents had three prime objectives: to eliminate the sultans and aristocrats (who were seen as Dutch allies), to seize their wealth (as sources of funding for the Indonesian independence campaign) and to eliminate the region's feudal social structure.{{sfn|Reid|2005|p=328}} The revolution brought about the formation of the [[State of East Sumatra]], which was dissolved when the region became part of the Indonesian republic.<br /> <br /> ==Background==<br /> The Dutch subjugated the Minangkabau of Sumatra in the [[Padri War]] and the [[Dutch expedition on the west coast of Sumatra]] occurred. There followed the [[conquest of the Aceh Sultanate]] of Sumatra.<br /> <br /> East Sumatra during colonial period was dominated by plantation with workers from diverse ethnicities. This was exploited by capitalism of European and benefit for local aristocratic group such as local chiefs and sultans. As government power became unstable because of Japanese occupation, tension between ethnicities and social class erupted.{{Sfn|Sutherland|1986}}<br /> <br /> === East Sumatra under the Dutch (1930s–1942) ===<br /> <br /> ==== {{anchor|Ethnic tensions}}Ethnic tensions ====<br /> [[File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM De Raja van Dolok met zijn gevolg Simeloengoen TMnr 10001725.jpg|thumbnail|right|alt=Seated raja, surrounded by other men|Simalungun king with his entourage]]<br /> The influx of Chinese, Javanese, and other ethnic immigrants to the region during the 1930s gave rise to several official associations associated with the kingdom to identify certain customary elements to form the cultural core of the East Sumatra society.{{sfn|Ariffin|1999|p=}} Even though the [[Karo people (Indonesia)|Karo]], [[Malays (ethnic group)|Malays]], and [[Simalungun people]]s were all recognised as indigenous communities in the region, the royalty and associations chose to emphasize more on preserving the Malay cultural identity. Special privileges were granted to the Malays (such as accessing to plantation land) by the Dutch and the social status of the Malays appeared to be much higher than the other indigenous communities in East Sumatra. As a result, members of the other two indigenous communities as well as the other locals felt this was unfair and that resulted in unwanted ethnic tensions. An increasing number of locals began to disagree with the Dutch and the Malay aristocrats due to the bias that these elites had towards the Malays.<br /> <br /> ==== {{anchor|Religious divisions and Islamic movements}}Religious divisions and Islamic movements ====<br /> Another division between the Malays and the two groups was religion, whereby the Malays were mostly Muslims and majority of the [[Karo people (Indonesia)]] and [[Simalungun]] were Christians or animists. Despite being the third-largest group in the 1930s, the Javanese, in particular the [[Abangan]], were perceived by the Malays to have a lower social status and their practice of Islam was seen to be nominal. The Malays were usually regarded as the traditional protectors of Islam by the authorities and the other Muslim reformist forces who advocated an Islam different from the Malay orientation were seen as threats to the authority of the sultans. The former was known as the Kaum Tua (old group) and the latter as the Kaum Muda (young group, reformist) who &quot;...sought to free the Islamic communities from superstitious beliefs.&quot;.{{sfn|Ariffin|1993|p=85}}<br /> <br /> There were two major modernist Islamic movements launched by the ''Kaum Muda'': firstly, the [[Muhammadiyah]] movement that involved conflicts over religious texts and teachings and secondly, the Jamiatul Wasliyah organization which shared common interests with Muhammadiah. Even though the ''Kuam Muda'' presented themselves as “non-political” Islamic leaders, the ''kerajaan'' still regarded those organizations with hostility and decided to support the ''Kuam Tua'' instead. Hence, the Malays were said to claim dominance in both political and cultural spheres, which led to resentment of the Malay aristocratic class and Malays in general.{{sfn|Kahin|1985|p=116}}<br /> <br /> ==== {{anchor|The political movement}}The political movement ====<br /> During the late 1930s, the national movements led by the ''pergerakan'' were developing rapidly among urban and educated sections of the Indonesian community.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=}} One example was the East Sumatra Association, which was created in 1938 by Dutch-educated Malays and was later led by Dr Tengku Mansur (who was connected to the ''Asahan'' royal family). The political association aimed to improve the social status of East Sumatran natives, including [[Simalungun people]] and [[Karo people (Indonesia)]]. The national movement then slowly reached out to small farmers of the tobacco-growing area, which eventually provided the rudiments of an important rural base for the two nationalist parties, ''GERINDO'' and ''PARINDRA'' in East Sumatra. Besides raising voices that disagreed with the Dutch repression and Malay aristocracy, the two parties also played important roles in initiating and mobilizing resources to support the 1946 East Sumatra social revolution.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=}} <br /> <br /> === East Sumatra during the Japanese occupation (1942–early 1945) ===<br /> {{See also|Invasion of Sumatra (1942)}}<br /> [[File:Japanese_Occupation_of_Sumatra,_1942.jpg|thumb|right|Japanese paratroopers during the invasion of Sumatra in February 1942]]<br /> During the occupation, the Japanese implemented policies that were perceived as a continuance of Dutch support for the ''kerajaan''. Under the policies, the ''kerajaan'' were able to gain access to various incomes, titles, and religious authority that they used to have in the 1930s.{{sfn|Kahin|1999|p=95}} However, Japanese used available fragmentation between the ''pergerakan'' and the ''kerajaan''.{{Sfn|Reid|2004}} The regaining of Malay aristocrats’ power during the Japanese Occupation resulted in suppression of the peasant community in East Sumatra.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=}} Many Japanese officials managed to exploit food and labour supplies from the peasantry through the ''kerajaan'' hierarchy and that had increased the amount of economic pressure faced by the farming population of East Sumatra.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=}} Although, moderate members of ''PARINDRA'', one of the ''pergerakan'' nationalist parties, even took the initiative to form a ''Comité Indonesia'' in an attempt to present a united ''pergerakan'' front to the Japanese. They were motivated to launch a new Indonesian-controlled administration with the support from the Japanese. However, the garnering of support from the Japanese did not work out well because the priority of the Japanese was to obtain the oil and plantation produce from East Sumatra rather than making any significant political changes to the existing government structures.{{sfn|Kahin|1999|p=95}} Furthermore, the policies adopted by the Japanese were seen as a continuance of Dutch support for the ''kerajaan'' that caused nationalists to hold stronger negative feelings towards the Sultans and Malay aristocrats.<br /> <br /> Consequently, the credibility of those traditional, nationalists and religious leaders, who were assigned by the Japanese, was severely damaged. A new leadership was then formed by a group of ''pemuda'' (youth) who had received their formative education under the Japanese military groups (''Giyūgun'', ''[[Heiho]]'' and ''[[Tokubetsu Keisatsutai|Tokkeitai]]''). The military training guided by Japanese ethics and values fanned their nationalism and motivated them to defend their lands.{{sfn|Kahin|1999|p=118}} These Japanese-trained ''pemuda'' then took on active roles in fighting against the Dutch and Malay sultans during the 1946 East Sumatra Social Revolution.<br /> <br /> === Allied landings, local struggles and period of uncertainty (late 1945–1946) ===<br /> After the Japanese surrendered, the independence of Indonesia was [[Proclamation of Indonesian Independence|declared]] in Jakarta and [[Sukarno]] was chosen as the president of a new republic. Sumatra was then declared to be a province of the new republic and Medan was chosen as its capital.{{sfn|Bertrand|Laliberte|2010|p=34}} Despite this, many leaders were worried about the possibility of the Dutch returning and of the Malay and Batak aristocrats regaining their former power. <br /> <br /> From 21 August, leaflets were sent to Sumatra on Netherlands Indies Civil Administration. Japanese surrender was publicly announced on 22 August. On 25 August, Naval Lt. Brondgeest and Dutch-dominated unit landed near Pangkalan Brandan. Brondgeest, by 1 September, had been established base in Medan and contact with Japanese, Sultan of Deli, Sultan of Langkat, and other cooperative natives. This cooperative native asked for some reforms. Brondgeest decided to act independently from British and Japanese with local Ambonese and Menadonese as police force to control Medan and Republican movement. The Muslim fast was ended on 7 August and celebrated by mending relation with pro-Dutch peoples. On 14 September, Lt. Westerling and 3 others who were part of Dutch commando entered Medan to equip the police force.{{Sfn|Reid|2004}} <br /> <br /> Many of the Japanese-trained unemployed ''pemuda'' of ex-Giyugun were then recruited by [[Abdoe'lxarim M. S.]] – the executor of the former ''Badan Oentoek Membantor Pertahanan Asia'' (Body for Assisting the Defence of Asia / BOMPA) property, who fed them BOMPA rice-stocks, and were then organised into a broader ''Persatuan Pemuda Latihan'' (Trained Youth Association) which include police, soldiers, and officials. On 23 September, the senior ex-Giyugun officer, First Lieutenant Achmad Tahir issued a meeting for all Japanese-trained Pemuda in ''Asrama Rensheikei''. Among these groups, some had contact with 'underground' groups with pre-war left wing experience. These groups include Karo group under the leaderships of Selamat Ginting, Tama Ginting, and Rakutta Sembiring Brahmana, and an &quot;anti-fascist&quot; group under Nathar Zainuddin a veteran islamist communist, which include [[Urbanus Pardede]], Bustami, Joenoes Nasution, and Marzuki Lubis. They plan to contact with Aminuddin Nazir of Inoue's coastal guard and by evening ''Badan Pemuda Indonesia'' or BPI was formed under Achmad Tahir as First Chairman.{{sfn|Reid|2014|pp=154-155}} Before the landings of the Allied (British) forces, these young ''pemuda'' were actively propagating information about the republic. They persuaded the senior Indonesian officials to resist the Japanese, the Dutch and Malay aristocrats. Therefore, these ''pemuda'' were seen as very nationalistic, eager to resist the return of the Dutch, and unsympathetic to the various ''kerajaan''.&quot;{{sfn|Ariffin|1993|p=85}} On 6 October, new Sultan of Deli who was known for his skeptic of Republic was installed.{{Sfn|Reid|2004}} By 10 October 1945, ''[[Tentara Keamanan Rakyat]]'' or TKR of East Sumatra was formed with Achmad Tahir as Commander, Soetjipto as Chief-of-Staff, Capt. Hotman Sitoempul in Siantar, Lt. Martinus Lubis in Brastagi, and Lt. Djamin Ginting in Kabanjahe.{{sfn|Reid|2014|pp=161-162}}<br /> <br /> The initial landings of Allied forces (the British) and the Dutch, were not opposed by ''pemuda'' troops as Governor [[Teuku Muhammad Hasan|Hasan]] followed official republican policies of cooperating with the Allied. The flashpoint in Medan was the former Pensiun Wilhelmina in Jalan Bali, Medan, which was used as hostel and housed Westerling's ex-KNIL troops of mainly Ambonese. On 13 October 1945, supposedly an incident happened where one of the Dutch sentries torn off and trampled a red and white pin worn by a child. An angry crowd began to gather and fighting began, resulting several wounded. Two Dutchman fired into the crowd from a car killing an Indonesian. Japanese troops arrived alongside TKR under Achmad Tahir and managed to calm the crowd. The crowd dispersed at 1.30 p.m., with two Indonesians and one Ambonese woman were killed in the fighting.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=159}} However two hours later, ''pemuda'' returned, leaving six killed and about 100 wounded among the Ambonese and Menadonese. The Dutchman in charge of the hotel and a swiss family were killed as a result. The attack spread to [[Pematangsiantar]], and on 15 October, a five-man detachment under Brondgeest who was sent to Siantar Hotel to check on Japanese troop concentrated there was attacked. The hotel was besieged and burned, killing all the Dutch soldiers, ten Ambonese soldiers, two ''pemuda'' and four Swiss who managed the hotel. These marked the beginning of [[Battle of Medan]], between republican troops of TKR under Achmad Tahir as well as various ''pemuda'' affiliated with semi-criminal Medan underworld and Allied forces under T.E.D Kelly.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=162}}<br /> <br /> On 18 October 1945, the control of Medan became the responsibility of the British, immediately after official orders were issued by Republican leaders for ''pemuda'' to surrender their weapons to the British troops.{{sfn|Kahin|1999|p=243}} Nonetheless, the ''pemuda'' of East Sumatra managed to acquire some weapons that were left over by Japanese soldiers after the surrender and used them to confront the British in the south of Medan on 10 December 1945.{{sfn|McMillan|2005|p=}} A strong sense of contingency was said to be present in the British policy as the political circumstances in Indonesia forced them to make decisions that were seemingly neither pro-Dutch nor pro-Indonesian,{{sfn|McMillan|2005|p=}} although British intelligence manipulated events to pressure the (British) Malay monarchs for political initiatives in order to avoid being revolutionary targets.{{Sfn|Poulgrain|1998|pp=42–48}} Tensions between the Dutch and British modes of operation as well as the strong resistance from Indonesian nationalists resulted in low British morale throughout the post-war British occupation.{{sfn|McMillan|2005|p=}} After consultation with General Chambers in Padang, on 26 October Kelly disarmed and disbanded Ambonese forces under [[Raymond Westerling|Westerling]] and Brondgeest, and the Dutch detainees were again guarded by Japanese forces. Only Westerling remained behind at Kelly's request to put his terrorist tactics to work with the British.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=161}} British commander published on 24 December 1945 his intent to recognise TKR as official peacekeeper outside of Medan and British would give weapons (rubber-for-weapons) for some republican within Medan after rubber smuggling from Sumatra to Singapore in the period February-April 1946.{{Sfn|Poulgrain|1998|pp=40–41}}<br /> <br /> Armed clashes with the British, Dutch, and Japanese remained at a low level for the next two months until rumours that the Dutch were about to attempt a landing started spreading among the locals. On 3 March 1946, thousands of armed ''pemuda'' surrounded the palace in [[Tanjungbalai (city)|Tanjung Balai]] in response to the wide dissemination of reports that claimed that the ''kerajaan'' had formed a ''Comité van Ontvangst'' (reception committee) to welcome the Dutch.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=230}} The outbreak of violence between the ''kerajaan'' and the armed ''pemuda'' hence marked the start of the 1946 East Sumatra Social Revolution.<br /> <br /> == East Sumatra Social Revolution: 3 March 1946 ==<br /> On 3 March 1946, thousands of armed men assembled to oppose the big sultanates after hearing the rumours that the Dutch were returning. Violence and bloodshed was involved, where seven princes, ninety aristocrats (in Langkat) and countless officials from native states were killed.{{sfn|Ariffin|1993|p=64}} The Sultan of Langkat's daughters were raped and poet [[Amir Hamzah|Tengku Amir Hamzah]] was killed on 9 March by the ''Pemuda'' (young Japanese-trained militant) leaders and many Malay farmers were forced to give up their plantation land that they had acquired under the Dutch to be redistributed for those former plantation workers and non-Malay farmers (mostly Javanese). The militants under the leadership of PESINDO (''Pemuda Sosialis Indonesia''), the [[Indonesian Communist Party]], and the [[Indonesian National Party]] attacked almost all of the Malay aristocrats. The wives and children of the aristocrat families were interned and their houses were ransacked for treasure by the ''Pemuda''. The sympathy that Malay aristocrats had for the Dutch and the threats that they represented to the independence of Indonesia were commonly seen as the two main reasons for the occurrence of this violent event.<br /> <br /> ==={{anchor|Main objectives}}Main objectives===<br /> There were three main objectives associated with the revolution that involved different groups of people: firstly, to seize Malay aristocrats and their principal supporters so as to thwart their plans for the return of the Dutch; secondly, gain control of ''kerajaan'' the Malay sultanates' wealth in order to sustain the expenses for the national struggle and thirdly, to exercise political and societal changes in accordance to the Marxist intellectuals who were involved in the event.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=230}}<br /> <br /> ==={{anchor|Causes}}Causes===<br /> The 1946 East Sumatra social revolution was an outcome of class, ideological, and ethnic tensions that had accumulated over several decades. Since the Dutch colonial period, the region's demographics, socio-political structure, and economic system had undergone great changes. Many locals, especially those of the low and middle classed, who were consistently suppressed under the hierarchy system, became highly dissatisfied with the ''kerajaan'' hierarchy and the Dutch. The national revolution also reflected a great diversity of interests from almost all sections of Sumatran society and several complex issues behind the fight for independence in East Sumatra.<br /> <br /> ==== Political causes ====<br /> [[File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM De prinsen van Deli Langkat en Serdang TMnr 10001178.jpg|thumbnail|right|alt=Three men in ceremonial dress|Malay princes of East Sumatra from the Royal Houses of Deli, Langkat and Serdang]]<br /> <br /> By 1942, the Dutch, who were accountable to the Netherlands East Indies government in Batavia, were holding on to majority of the administrative power in the region. A feudal government was formed over the four primary sultanates in the region ([[Sultanate of Langkat|Langkat]], [[Sultanate of Serdang|Serdang]], [[Sultanate of Deli|Deli]], and [[Asahan Sultanate|Asahan]]) and ''kerajaan'' before (and after) the arrival of the Dutch,{{sfn|Kahin|1985|p=113}} Under Dutch rule, the kingdoms and principalities were absorbed into a centralised political structure and these indigenous elites were included in the administration (which they shared with the Dutch) of the region.{{sfn|Kahin|1985|p=113}} Consequently, both the Dutch and Malay aristocrats were able to use their political power to launch policies that suppressed the rights of the commoners. Opposition to the Dutch repression and Malay aristocracy then began to arise among ordinary people. On 3 March 1946, thousands of armed ''pemuda'' surrounded the palace in [[Tanjungbalai (city)|Tanjung Balai]] in response to the wide dissemination of reports that claimed that the ''kerajaan'' had formed a ''Comité van Ontvangst'' (reception committee) to welcome the Dutch.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=230}}<br /> <br /> In the late February 1946, Major Ferguson, part of British intelligence, was closely linked with political machinations in East Sumatra. The sultan of Deli had armed British protection and allowed his state to become a stronghold of British Intelligence. A rumour circulated that the sultans of East Sumatra proposed to form a dominion within British Malaya. The dominion proposal was created to elicit hostility from the pemuda. After it was circulated, British authorities ignored the suggestion. Then, the sultans returned into cooperation with the Dutch. Major Ferguson and the acting governor of East Sumatra, Dr Amir, visited places in East Sumatra and returned to Medan on 2 March 1946.{{Sfn|Poulgrain|1998|pp=41–43}}<br /> <br /> Either Comité van Ontvangst to welcome the Dutch or British dominion proposal were anathema to the ''pemuda''. For the ''pemuda'', ''kerajaan'' symbolised colonial injustice. Whether under Dutch or British masters, ''kerajaan'' would remain elitist and become executive of foreign oppression. This would lead to immediate demand of retribution.{{Sfn|Poulgrain|1998|pp=|p=42}}<br /> <br /> ==== Socio-economic causes ====<br /> Apart from political causes, labour policies were also implemented to sustain the economy of the region. Large numbers of foreign labourers were brought in from China and Java to meet the strong demand for labour in East Sumatra's plantation economy (which made up 64 percent of economic production). &quot;In the case of the plantation economy in this region, this foreign labour was predominantly from the relatively overcrowded island of Java: by the 1930s, 43 percent of the population was 'Javanese'.&quot;{{sfn|Kipp|1996|p=46}} In addition to the Chinese and Javanese (who numbered about 192,000 and 590,000, respectively during the 1930s), the economy also attracted migrants from other parts of the Dutch East Indies. As a result, the percentages of the three main indigenous communities: the Malays, Karo, and Simalungun in the region were significantly reduced.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=43}} The changes in social structure prompted anxiety among the people of East Sumatra.<br /> <br /> The change in the socio-economic landscape also resulted in stark class differences within East Sumatran society. In the 1930s, many farmers of the tobacco area (Deli-Serdang-Langkat) were told to cultivate smaller areas while the Malay sultans, [[Simalungun people|Simalungun]], and [[Karo people (Indonesia)|Karo]] ''rajas'' benefited from preferential treatment by the Dutch in terms of land leasing.{{sfn|Dick|2002|p=103}} Those aristocrats were able to accumulate significant wealth by &quot;leas[ing] wide tracts of land, the disposal rights over which frequently had lain traditionally with the village, to foreign companies...&quot; and seizing most of the profits.{{sfn|Kahin|1970|p=179}} Eventually, most of the rural masses went to seek help from local political parties such as GERINDO (''Gerakan Rakyat Indonesia'') and the [[Great Indonesia Party]] (''Partai Indonesia Raya'') so as to make their grievances heard. The feelings of dissatisfaction that rural farmers had against the aristocrats then became a form of support for these political parties.<br /> <br /> ==={{anchor|Leaders involved in the revolution}}Leaders involved in the revolution===<br /> There were a few groups of leaders that were involved in the revolution and all of them may be distinguished by differences in class, social mobility, nationalist seniority, and ideology.<br /> <br /> Firstly, educated Indonesians who were sympathetic to the ideology of nationalism were involved in the revolution. Most of them received tertiary education and have adopted Western values and practices in their daily life. The connections with the traditional aristocratic families did not manage to stop these people from having strong beliefs in nationalism. Ultimately, they recognized that the presence of ''kerajaan'' might be one of the hindrances for East Sumatran society to achieve full liberalization.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=}} Members of this particular group were local governors and regional deputy governors such as [[Teuku Muhammad Hasan]] and Mohammad Amir.<br /> <br /> Besides, there was also another group of leaders who shared a similar ideology of nationalism. Unlike those mentioned earlier, this group of leaders were actively involved with nationalist movements before the Pacific War.{{sfn|Palazzo|p=}} Most of them used to collaborate with the Japanese occupiers as administrative personnel and they were motivated to join this revolution so as to promote the political ideology of nationalism as well as to continue their leadership during the post-war period.<br /> <br /> Secondly, locals who rose to prominence after undergoing military training in Japanese military organisations during the period of Japanese occupation were also responsible for the revolution. These &quot;people's volunteer armies&quot; were equipped with rich military experiences and that has imbued them with a deeper commitment to radical nationalism. Eventually, some of them became militia leaders in the earlier phase of the social revolution.{{sfn|Kahin|1999|p=99}} Many scholars including Anthony Reid and Mohammad Said have highlighted the importance of these people in initiating and executing the 1946 social revolution in East Sumatra.{{sfn|Said|1973|pp=145–186}}{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=}}<br /> <br /> Thirdly, Muslim reformist forces were involved in Islamic movements to resist against the ''kerajaan'' and Malay aristocrats. Supporters of the Islamic movements had faced oppression by the sultans who claimed that they were advocating an Islam that was different from the Malay orientation. In order to protect their own religious interests, these anti-''kerajaan'' activists came together to fight against the Malay elites.{{sfn|Ariffin|1993|p=85}}<br /> <br /> ==Aftermath==<br /> === East Sumatra ===<br /> {{Main|East Sumatra}}<br /> [[File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Spandoeken tijdens het bezoek van de Wali Negara Sumatera Timur aan Pematangsiantar TMnr 60024766.jpg|thumbnail|right|alt=Large crowd, holding banners|NST supporters]]<br /> The revolutionaries, including the armed ''Pemuda'', were able to fight the Dutch return with a common unifying goal in 1945, but there were insufficient resources to last through a longer period than 1947. The Dutch return during the second half of 1947 had to rely on the support from Malay aristocrats, especially when it was facing tougher guerrilla opposition after the ceasefire. In addition to Malay support for the reinstatement of Dutch rule, representatives of other groups expressed similar concerns (some Toba leaders and the Chinese community, in particular; these groups had benefited economically from Dutch rule). The Chinese community, who were economically advantaged, were also targeted by the ''pemuda'' and their property was seized.{{sfn|Dick|2002|p=103}} In this uncertain milieu, the Chinese community saw the British and Dutch colonial forces as protectors.<br /> <br /> The East Sumatra Union (''Persatuan Sumatera Timur'') had been formed in 1938 by the westernized Malay elites to reassert Malay and Simalungun ethnic interests through support from the Dutch. With the support of these Malays, the Dutch attempted to establish a federal Indonesia consisting of a Dutch-supported State of East Sumara ({{lang-id|Negara Sumatera Timur}}, NST).{{sfn|Langenberg|1982|pp=1–30}} The threat felt by the Chinese also motivated them to co-operate with the Malay aristocrats, most of the Simalungun rajas, some Karo chieftains and the Dutch in creating the NST. Dr Tengku Mansur (a member of the Asahan royal family) was selected as head of state and the NST lasted from December 1947 to August 1950. While the Dutch wanted the NST to be seen as an orderly and progressive alternative to the republic, the western-educated aristocrats saw NST as a bastion for their own ethnic interests.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=}} The NST began to disintegrate as soon as Dutch military support was withdrawn. The short-lived state was viewed with suspicion, and Dr Tengku Mansur eventually surrendered authority to the republic in August 1950,{{sfn|Reid|1971|pp=21–46}} which backed by military for the stability framework.{{Sfn|Sutherland|1986}} Consequently, East Sumatra was merged into a larger province of [[North Sumatra]], where it has remained till today.<br /> <br /> === Malaya ===<br /> The demise of the sultans in East Sumatra was the turning point in British Malaya. This was politically motivating Malayan Malay against the [[Parti Kebangsaan Melayu Malaya|Malay Nationalist Party]] (MNP) which was Tan Malaka allies. During March 1946, [[United Malays National Organisation]] (UMNO) went with full support of Malay sultans as their inactivity would lead to similar fate as their relatives in East Sumatra. From August to Novem­ber 1946, UMNO was in negotiation with British while MNP was excluded. The rise of UMNO gave political voice for the popular support commanded by the conservative elite, inseparable to events in Indonesia, and has been beneficial for long-term British presence.{{Sfn|Poulgrain|1998|pp=44–45}}<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> *[[Indonesian National Revolution]]<br /> *[[History of Indonesia]]<br /> <br /> ==Notes==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Ariffin| first = Omar | title = Bangsa Melayu: Malay Concepts of Democracy and Community 1945–1950|language = id | publisher = Oxford University Press|location = Oxford| year = 1993| isbn = 0195886135 }}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Ariffin| first = Omar | title = Revolusi Indonesia dan Bangsa Melayu: Runtuhnya Kerajaan-Kerajaan Melayu Sumatera Timur Pada Tahun 1946|language = id |publisher = Koperasi Kedai Buku Universiti Sains Malaysia Sdn Bhd|location = Pulau Pinang | year = 1999| isbn = 983861193X}}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Dick| first = H.W. | title = The Emergence of a National Economy : An Economic History of Indonesia, 1800-2000| publisher = Asian Studies Association of Australia in association with Allen &amp; Unwin|location = Australia| year = 2002| isbn = 9781741150209}}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Kahin| first = Audrey R.| title = Regional Dynamics of the Indonesian Revolution: Unity From Diversity| publisher = University of Hawaii Press|location = United States| year = 1985| isbn = 0824809823}}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Kahin | first = George McTurnan | title = Nationalism and Revolution in Indonesia | publisher = Cornell University Press | year = 1970 | isbn = 0-8014-9108-8 }}<br /> * {{cite book |last1=Kahin |first1=Audrey |title=Rebellion to Integration: West Sumatra and the Indonesian Polity |date=1999 |publisher=Amsterdam University Press |location=Amsterdam |isbn=9053563954}}<br /> *{{Cite book| last = Kipp| first = Rita Smith| title = Dissociated Identities: Ethnicity, Religion and Class in an Indonesian Society| publisher = University of Michigan Press| location = Ann Arbor| year = 1996| isbn = 047208402X| url-access = registration| url = https://archive.org/details/dissociatedident00rita_0}}<br /> *{{cite book|last1=Bertrand|first1=Jacques|last2=Laliberte|first2=Ander|title=Multination States in Asia: Accommodation or Resistance <br /> |date=2010|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge|isbn=978-0511750755|page=34}}<br /> *{{cite journal | last = Langenberg| first = Michael. van. | title = Class and Ethnic Conflict in Indonesian's Decolonization Process: A Study of East Sumatra| publisher = Cornell University: Indonesia Southeast Asia Program Publications|journal=Indonesia |volume= 33|issue=33 |pages=1–30 |date=April 1982| doi = 10.2307/3350925 | jstor = 3350925 |url=https://ecommons.cornell.edu/bitstream/handle/1813/53737/INDO_33_0_1107016894_1_30.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y}}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = McMillan| first = Richard| title = The British Occupation of Indonesia, 1945-1946: Britain, the Netherlands and the Indonesian revolution| publisher = Routledge|location = New York| year = 2005}}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Milner| first = Anthony| title = The Malays| publisher = Blackwell Publishing Ltd|location = United Kingdom | year = 2011| isbn = 978-1444339031 }}<br /> *{{cite web|last=Palazzo|first=Albert|title=The Netherlands East Indies and the Pacific War|url=http://www.awm.gov.au/exhibitions/alliesinadversity/essay/index.asp|work=Allies in Adversity. Australia and the Dutch in the Pacific War|publisher=Australian War Memorial}}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Poulgrain| first = Greg| title = The Genesis of Konfrontasi: Malaysia, Brunei and Indonesia 1945–1965| publisher = Crawford House Publishing Pty Ltd|location = Australia| year = 1998| isbn = 1850655138}}<br /> *{{cite journal|last1=Reid|first1=Anthony|title=The Birth of the Republic in Sumatra |journal=Indonesia |date=1971 | volume=12 |issue=Oct |url=https://ecommons.cornell.edu/bitstream/handle/1813/53522/INDO_12_0_1107125075_21_46.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y |pages=21–46|doi=10.2307/3350656|jstor=3350656 }}<br /> *{{Cite book |last=Reid |first=Anthony |url=https://brill.com/view/title/23090 |title=An Indonesian Frontier: Acehnese and Other Histories of Sumatra |date= |publisher=[[Brill]] |year=2004 |isbn=978-90-04-48655-3 |doi=10.1163/9789004486553_018}}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Reid | first = Anthony| title = An Indonesian Frontier: Acehnese and Other Histories of Sumatra| publisher = Singapore University Press|location= Singapore| year = 2005| isbn = 9971692988}}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Reid | first = Anthony| author-link = Anthony Reid | title = The Blood of the People: Revolution &amp; the End of Traditional Rule in Northern Sumatra | publisher = NUS Press | year = 2014 | location = Singapore | isbn = 978-9971-69-637-5 }}<br /> *{{cite journal | last = Said| first = H. Mohammed | title = What was the Social Revolution of 1946 in East Sumatra| publisher = Cornell University: Indonesia Southeast Asia Program Publications|journal=Indonesia |volume= 15|issue=15 |pages=145–186 |date=April 1973| doi = 10.2307/3350795 | jstor = 3350795 | hdl = 1813/53556 |url= https://ecommons.cornell.edu/bitstream/handle/1813/53556/INDO_15_0_1107128614_145_186.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y}}<br /> *{{Cite journal |last1=Sutherland |first1=Heather |last2=van Goor |first2=J. |year=1986 |title=The Indonesian Revolution: A Review |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3351190 |journal=Indonesia |volume=42 |issue=42 |pages=113–118 |doi=10.2307/3351190|jstor=3351190 |hdl=1813/53847 |hdl-access=free}}<br /> <br /> {{Indonesian National Revolution}}<br /> [[Category:Massacres of the Indonesian National Revolution]]<br /> [[Category:Massacres committed by Indonesia]]<br /> [[Category:1940s in Indonesia]]<br /> [[Category:Massacres in 1946]]<br /> [[Category:Political and cultural purges]]<br /> [[Category:Regicides]]</div> Xbypass https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=East_Sumatra_revolution&diff=1239217899 East Sumatra revolution 2024-08-08T00:01:13Z <p>Xbypass: </p> <hr /> <div>{{History of Indonesia}}<br /> {{Campaignbox Indonesian National Revolution}}<br /> {{EngvarB|date=September 2013}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2013}}<br /> <br /> The '''East Sumatra revolution''', also known as the '''East Sumatra social revolution''' ({{Lang|id|Revolusi Sosial Sumatera Timur}}), began on 3 March 1946. Across 25 &quot;native states&quot;, many sultanates were overthrown and mass killing of members of the aristocratic families were performed by armed ''pergerakan'' groups (Indonesian nationalists).{{sfn|Said|1973|p=}} To the opportunistic ''pergerakan'' militants (especially [[Communist Party of Indonesia]] leaders [[Abdoe'lxarim M. S.]] and Luat Siregar), the revolutionary movement was seen as one of the means for East Sumatra to be freed from colonial overlordship and to join the larger [[Indonesian National Revolution]].{{sfn|Kahin|1970|p=180}} Participants of the revolution were believed to be provoked by leaders to kill aristocrats and create violence. These belligerents had three prime objectives: to eliminate the sultans and aristocrats (who were seen as Dutch allies), to seize their wealth (as sources of funding for the Indonesian independence campaign) and to eliminate the region's feudal social structure.{{sfn|Reid|2005|p=328}} The revolution brought about the formation of the [[State of East Sumatra]], which was dissolved when the region became part of the Indonesian republic.<br /> <br /> ==Background==<br /> The Dutch subjugated the Minangkabau of Sumatra in the [[Padri War]] and the [[Dutch expedition on the west coast of Sumatra]] occurred. There followed the [[conquest of the Aceh Sultanate]] of Sumatra.<br /> <br /> East Sumatra during colonial period was dominated by plantation with workers from diverse ethnicities. This was exploited by capitalism of European and benefit for local aristocratic group such as local chiefs and sultans. As government power became unstable because of Japanese occupation, tension between ethnicities and social class erupted.{{Sfn|Sutherland||5=1986}}<br /> <br /> === East Sumatra under the Dutch (1930s–1942) ===<br /> <br /> ==== {{anchor|Ethnic tensions}}Ethnic tensions ====<br /> [[File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM De Raja van Dolok met zijn gevolg Simeloengoen TMnr 10001725.jpg|thumbnail|right|alt=Seated raja, surrounded by other men|Simalungun king with his entourage]]<br /> The influx of Chinese, Javanese, and other ethnic immigrants to the region during the 1930s gave rise to several official associations associated with the kingdom to identify certain customary elements to form the cultural core of the East Sumatra society.{{sfn|Ariffin|1999|p=}} Even though the [[Karo people (Indonesia)|Karo]], [[Malays (ethnic group)|Malays]], and [[Simalungun people]]s were all recognised as indigenous communities in the region, the royalty and associations chose to emphasize more on preserving the Malay cultural identity. Special privileges were granted to the Malays (such as accessing to plantation land) by the Dutch and the social status of the Malays appeared to be much higher than the other indigenous communities in East Sumatra. As a result, members of the other two indigenous communities as well as the other locals felt this was unfair and that resulted in unwanted ethnic tensions. An increasing number of locals began to disagree with the Dutch and the Malay aristocrats due to the bias that these elites had towards the Malays.<br /> <br /> ==== {{anchor|Religious divisions and Islamic movements}}Religious divisions and Islamic movements ====<br /> Another division between the Malays and the two groups was religion, whereby the Malays were mostly Muslims and majority of the [[Karo people (Indonesia)]] and [[Simalungun]] were Christians or animists. Despite being the third-largest group in the 1930s, the Javanese, in particular the [[Abangan]], were perceived by the Malays to have a lower social status and their practice of Islam was seen to be nominal. The Malays were usually regarded as the traditional protectors of Islam by the authorities and the other Muslim reformist forces who advocated an Islam different from the Malay orientation were seen as threats to the authority of the sultans. The former was known as the Kaum Tua (old group) and the latter as the Kaum Muda (young group, reformist) who &quot;...sought to free the Islamic communities from superstitious beliefs.&quot;.{{sfn|Ariffin|1993|p=85}}<br /> <br /> There were two major modernist Islamic movements launched by the ''Kaum Muda'': firstly, the [[Muhammadiyah]] movement that involved conflicts over religious texts and teachings and secondly, the Jamiatul Wasliyah organization which shared common interests with Muhammadiah. Even though the ''Kuam Muda'' presented themselves as “non-political” Islamic leaders, the ''kerajaan'' still regarded those organizations with hostility and decided to support the ''Kuam Tua'' instead. Hence, the Malays were said to claim dominance in both political and cultural spheres, which led to resentment of the Malay aristocratic class and Malays in general.{{sfn|Kahin|1985|p=116}}<br /> <br /> ==== {{anchor|The political movement}}The political movement ====<br /> During the late 1930s, the national movements led by the ''pergerakan'' were developing rapidly among urban and educated sections of the Indonesian community.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=}} One example was the East Sumatra Association, which was created in 1938 by Dutch-educated Malays and was later led by Dr Tengku Mansur (who was connected to the ''Asahan'' royal family). The political association aimed to improve the social status of East Sumatran natives, including [[Simalungun people]] and [[Karo people (Indonesia)]]. The national movement then slowly reached out to small farmers of the tobacco-growing area, which eventually provided the rudiments of an important rural base for the two nationalist parties, ''GERINDO'' and ''PARINDRA'' in East Sumatra. Besides raising voices that disagreed with the Dutch repression and Malay aristocracy, the two parties also played important roles in initiating and mobilizing resources to support the 1946 East Sumatra social revolution.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=}} <br /> <br /> === East Sumatra during the Japanese occupation (1942–early 1945) ===<br /> {{See also|Invasion of Sumatra (1942)}}<br /> [[File:Japanese_Occupation_of_Sumatra,_1942.jpg|thumb|right|Japanese paratroopers during the invasion of Sumatra in February 1942]]<br /> During the occupation, the Japanese implemented policies that were perceived as a continuance of Dutch support for the ''kerajaan''. Under the policies, the ''kerajaan'' were able to gain access to various incomes, titles, and religious authority that they used to have in the 1930s.{{sfn|Kahin|1999|p=95}} However, Japanese used available fragmentation between the ''pergerakan'' and the ''kerajaan''.{{Sfn|Reid||5=2004}} The regaining of Malay aristocrats’ power during the Japanese Occupation resulted in suppression of the peasant community in East Sumatra.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=}} Many Japanese officials managed to exploit food and labour supplies from the peasantry through the ''kerajaan'' hierarchy and that had increased the amount of economic pressure faced by the farming population of East Sumatra.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=}} Although, moderate members of ''PARINDRA'', one of the ''pergerakan'' nationalist parties, even took the initiative to form a ''Comité Indonesia'' in an attempt to present a united ''pergerakan'' front to the Japanese. They were motivated to launch a new Indonesian-controlled administration with the support from the Japanese. However, the garnering of support from the Japanese did not work out well because the priority of the Japanese was to obtain the oil and plantation produce from East Sumatra rather than making any significant political changes to the existing government structures.{{sfn|Kahin|1999|p=95}} Furthermore, the policies adopted by the Japanese were seen as a continuance of Dutch support for the ''kerajaan'' that caused nationalists to hold stronger negative feelings towards the Sultans and Malay aristocrats.<br /> <br /> Consequently, the credibility of those traditional, nationalists and religious leaders, who were assigned by the Japanese, was severely damaged. A new leadership was then formed by a group of ''pemuda'' (youth) who had received their formative education under the Japanese military groups (''Giyūgun'', ''[[Heiho]]'' and ''[[Tokubetsu Keisatsutai|Tokkeitai]]''). The military training guided by Japanese ethics and values fanned their nationalism and motivated them to defend their lands.{{sfn|Kahin|1999|p=118}} These Japanese-trained ''pemuda'' then took on active roles in fighting against the Dutch and Malay sultans during the 1946 East Sumatra Social Revolution.<br /> <br /> === Allied landings, local struggles and period of uncertainty (late 1945–1946) ===<br /> After the Japanese surrendered, the independence of Indonesia was [[Proclamation of Indonesian Independence|declared]] in Jakarta and [[Sukarno]] was chosen as the president of a new republic. Sumatra was then declared to be a province of the new republic and Medan was chosen as its capital.{{sfn|Bertrand|Laliberte|2010|p=34}} Despite this, many leaders were worried about the possibility of the Dutch returning and of the Malay and Batak aristocrats regaining their former power. <br /> <br /> From 21 August, leaflets were sent to Sumatra on Netherlands Indies Civil Administration. Japanese surrender was publicly announced on 22 August. On 25 August, Naval Lt. Brondgeest and Dutch-dominated unit landed near Pangkalan Brandan. Brondgeest, by 1 September, had been established base in Medan and contact with Japanese, Sultan of Deli, Sultan of Langkat, and other cooperative natives. This cooperative native asked for some reforms. Brondgeest decided to act independently from British and Japanese with local Ambonese and Menadonese as police force to control Medan and Republican movement. The Muslim fast was ended on 7 August and celebrated by mending relation with pro-Dutch peoples. On 14 September, Lt. Westerling and 3 others who were part of Dutch commando entered Medan to equip the police force.{{Sfn|Reid||5=2004}} <br /> <br /> Many of the Japanese-trained unemployed ''pemuda'' of ex-Giyugun were then recruited by [[Abdoe'lxarim M. S.]] – the executor of the former ''Badan Oentoek Membantor Pertahanan Asia'' (Body for Assisting the Defence of Asia / BOMPA) property, who fed them BOMPA rice-stocks, and were then organised into a broader ''Persatuan Pemuda Latihan'' (Trained Youth Association) which include police, soldiers, and officials. On 23 September, the senior ex-Giyugun officer, First Lieutenant Achmad Tahir issued a meeting for all Japanese-trained Pemuda in ''Asrama Rensheikei''. Among these groups, some had contact with 'underground' groups with pre-war left wing experience. These groups include Karo group under the leaderships of Selamat Ginting, Tama Ginting, and Rakutta Sembiring Brahmana, and an &quot;anti-fascist&quot; group under Nathar Zainuddin a veteran islamist communist, which include [[Urbanus Pardede]], Bustami, Joenoes Nasution, and Marzuki Lubis. They plan to contact with Aminuddin Nazir of Inoue's coastal guard and by evening ''Badan Pemuda Indonesia'' or BPI was formed under Achmad Tahir as First Chairman.{{sfn|Reid|2014|pp=154-155}} Before the landings of the Allied (British) forces, these young ''pemuda'' were actively propagating information about the republic. They persuaded the senior Indonesian officials to resist the Japanese, the Dutch and Malay aristocrats. Therefore, these ''pemuda'' were seen as very nationalistic, eager to resist the return of the Dutch, and unsympathetic to the various ''kerajaan''.&quot;{{sfn|Ariffin|1993|p=85}} On 6 October, new Sultan of Deli who was known for his skeptic of Republic was installed.{{Sfn|Reid||5=2004}} By 10 October 1945, ''[[Tentara Keamanan Rakyat]]'' or TKR of East Sumatra was formed with Achmad Tahir as Commander, Soetjipto as Chief-of-Staff, Capt. Hotman Sitoempul in Siantar, Lt. Martinus Lubis in Brastagi, and Lt. Djamin Ginting in Kabanjahe.{{sfn|Reid|2014|pp=161-162}}<br /> <br /> The initial landings of Allied forces (the British) and the Dutch, were not opposed by ''pemuda'' troops as Governor [[Teuku Muhammad Hasan|Hasan]] followed official republican policies of cooperating with the Allied. The flashpoint in Medan was the former Pensiun Wilhelmina in Jalan Bali, Medan, which was used as hostel and housed Westerling's ex-KNIL troops of mainly Ambonese. On 13 October 1945, supposedly an incident happened where one of the Dutch sentries torn off and trampled a red and white pin worn by a child. An angry crowd began to gather and fighting began, resulting several wounded. Two Dutchman fired into the crowd from a car killing an Indonesian. Japanese troops arrived alongside TKR under Achmad Tahir and managed to calm the crowd. The crowd dispersed at 1.30 p.m., with two Indonesians and one Ambonese woman were killed in the fighting.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=159}} However two hours later, ''pemuda'' returned, leaving six killed and about 100 wounded among the Ambonese and Menadonese. The Dutchman in charge of the hotel and a swiss family were killed as a result. The attack spread to [[Pematangsiantar]], and on 15 October, a five-man detachment under Brondgeest who was sent to Siantar Hotel to check on Japanese troop concentrated there was attacked. The hotel was besieged and burned, killing all the Dutch soldiers, ten Ambonese soldiers, two ''pemuda'' and four Swiss who managed the hotel. These marked the beginning of [[Battle of Medan]], between republican troops of TKR under Achmad Tahir as well as various ''pemuda'' affiliated with semi-criminal Medan underworld and Allied forces under T.E.D Kelly.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=162}}<br /> <br /> On 18 October 1945, the control of Medan became the responsibility of the British, immediately after official orders were issued by Republican leaders for ''pemuda'' to surrender their weapons to the British troops.{{sfn|Kahin|1999|p=243}} Nonetheless, the ''pemuda'' of East Sumatra managed to acquire some weapons that were left over by Japanese soldiers after the surrender and used them to confront the British in the south of Medan on 10 December 1945.{{sfn|McMillan|2005|p=}} A strong sense of contingency was said to be present in the British policy as the political circumstances in Indonesia forced them to make decisions that were seemingly neither pro-Dutch nor pro-Indonesian,{{sfn|McMillan|2005|p=}} although British intelligence manipulated events to pressure the (British) Malay monarchs for political initiatives in order to avoid being revolutionary targets.{{Sfn|Poulgrain|1998|pp=42–48}} Tensions between the Dutch and British modes of operation as well as the strong resistance from Indonesian nationalists resulted in low British morale throughout the post-war British occupation.{{sfn|McMillan|2005|p=}} After consultation with General Chambers in Padang, on 26 October Kelly disarmed and disbanded Ambonese forces under [[Raymond Westerling|Westerling]] and Brondgeest, and the Dutch detainees were again guarded by Japanese forces. Only Westerling remained behind at Kelly's request to put his terrorist tactics to work with the British.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=161}} British commander published on 24 December 1945 his intent to recognise TKR as official peacekeeper outside of Medan and British would give weapons (rubber-for-weapons) for some republican within Medan after rubber smuggling from Sumatra to Singapore in the period February-April 1946.{{Sfn|Poulgrain|1998|pp=40–41}}<br /> <br /> Armed clashes with the British, Dutch, and Japanese remained at a low level for the next two months until rumours that the Dutch were about to attempt a landing started spreading among the locals. On 3 March 1946, thousands of armed ''pemuda'' surrounded the palace in [[Tanjungbalai (city)|Tanjung Balai]] in response to the wide dissemination of reports that claimed that the ''kerajaan'' had formed a ''Comité van Ontvangst'' (reception committee) to welcome the Dutch.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=230}} The outbreak of violence between the ''kerajaan'' and the armed ''pemuda'' hence marked the start of the 1946 East Sumatra Social Revolution.<br /> <br /> == East Sumatra Social Revolution: 3 March 1946 ==<br /> On 3 March 1946, thousands of armed men assembled to oppose the big sultanates after hearing the rumours that the Dutch were returning. Violence and bloodshed was involved, where seven princes, ninety aristocrats (in Langkat) and countless officials from native states were killed.{{sfn|Ariffin|1993|p=64}} The Sultan of Langkat's daughters were raped and poet [[Amir Hamzah|Tengku Amir Hamzah]] was killed on 9 March by the ''Pemuda'' (young Japanese-trained militant) leaders and many Malay farmers were forced to give up their plantation land that they had acquired under the Dutch to be redistributed for those former plantation workers and non-Malay farmers (mostly Javanese). The militants under the leadership of PESINDO (''Pemuda Sosialis Indonesia''), the [[Indonesian Communist Party]], and the [[Indonesian National Party]] attacked almost all of the Malay aristocrats. The wives and children of the aristocrat families were interned and their houses were ransacked for treasure by the ''Pemuda''. The sympathy that Malay aristocrats had for the Dutch and the threats that they represented to the independence of Indonesia were commonly seen as the two main reasons for the occurrence of this violent event.<br /> <br /> ==={{anchor|Main objectives}}Main objectives===<br /> There were three main objectives associated with the revolution that involved different groups of people: firstly, to seize Malay aristocrats and their principal supporters so as to thwart their plans for the return of the Dutch; secondly, gain control of ''kerajaan'' the Malay sultanates' wealth in order to sustain the expenses for the national struggle and thirdly, to exercise political and societal changes in accordance to the Marxist intellectuals who were involved in the event.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=230}}<br /> <br /> ==={{anchor|Causes}}Causes===<br /> The 1946 East Sumatra social revolution was an outcome of class, ideological, and ethnic tensions that had accumulated over several decades. Since the Dutch colonial period, the region's demographics, socio-political structure, and economic system had undergone great changes. Many locals, especially those of the low and middle classed, who were consistently suppressed under the hierarchy system, became highly dissatisfied with the ''kerajaan'' hierarchy and the Dutch. The national revolution also reflected a great diversity of interests from almost all sections of Sumatran society and several complex issues behind the fight for independence in East Sumatra.<br /> <br /> ==== Political causes ====<br /> [[File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM De prinsen van Deli Langkat en Serdang TMnr 10001178.jpg|thumbnail|right|alt=Three men in ceremonial dress|Malay princes of East Sumatra from the Royal Houses of Deli, Langkat and Serdang]]<br /> <br /> By 1942, the Dutch, who were accountable to the Netherlands East Indies government in Batavia, were holding on to majority of the administrative power in the region. A feudal government was formed over the four primary sultanates in the region ([[Sultanate of Langkat|Langkat]], [[Sultanate of Serdang|Serdang]], [[Sultanate of Deli|Deli]], and [[Asahan Sultanate|Asahan]]) and ''kerajaan'' before (and after) the arrival of the Dutch,{{sfn|Kahin|1985|p=113}} Under Dutch rule, the kingdoms and principalities were absorbed into a centralised political structure and these indigenous elites were included in the administration (which they shared with the Dutch) of the region.{{sfn|Kahin|1985|p=113}} Consequently, both the Dutch and Malay aristocrats were able to use their political power to launch policies that suppressed the rights of the commoners. Opposition to the Dutch repression and Malay aristocracy then began to arise among ordinary people. On 3 March 1946, thousands of armed ''pemuda'' surrounded the palace in [[Tanjungbalai (city)|Tanjung Balai]] in response to the wide dissemination of reports that claimed that the ''kerajaan'' had formed a ''Comité van Ontvangst'' (reception committee) to welcome the Dutch.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=230}}<br /> <br /> In the late February 1946, Major Ferguson, part of British intelligence, was closely linked with political machinations in East Sumatra. The sultan of Deli had armed British protection and allowed his state to become a stronghold of British Intelligence. A rumour circulated that the sultans of East Sumatra proposed to form a dominion within British Malaya. The dominion proposal was created to elicit hostility from the pemuda. After it was circulated, British authorities ignored the suggestion. Then, the sultans returned into cooperation with the Dutch. Major Ferguson and the acting governor of East Sumatra, Dr Amir, visited places in East Sumatra and returned to Medan on 2 March 1946.{{Sfn|Poulgrain|1998|pp=41–43}}<br /> <br /> Either Comité van Ontvangst to welcome the Dutch or British dominion proposal were anathema to the ''pemuda''. For the ''pemuda'', ''kerajaan'' symbolised colonial injustice. Whether under Dutch or British masters, ''kerajaan'' would remain elitist and become executive of foreign oppression. This would lead to immediate demand of retribution.{{Sfn|Poulgrain|1998|pp=|p=42}}<br /> <br /> ==== Socio-economic causes ====<br /> Apart from political causes, labour policies were also implemented to sustain the economy of the region. Large numbers of foreign labourers were brought in from China and Java to meet the strong demand for labour in East Sumatra's plantation economy (which made up 64 percent of economic production). &quot;In the case of the plantation economy in this region, this foreign labour was predominantly from the relatively overcrowded island of Java: by the 1930s, 43 percent of the population was 'Javanese'.&quot;{{sfn|Kipp|1996|p=46}} In addition to the Chinese and Javanese (who numbered about 192,000 and 590,000, respectively during the 1930s), the economy also attracted migrants from other parts of the Dutch East Indies. As a result, the percentages of the three main indigenous communities: the Malays, Karo, and Simalungun in the region were significantly reduced.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=43}} The changes in social structure prompted anxiety among the people of East Sumatra.<br /> <br /> The change in the socio-economic landscape also resulted in stark class differences within East Sumatran society. In the 1930s, many farmers of the tobacco area (Deli-Serdang-Langkat) were told to cultivate smaller areas while the Malay sultans, [[Simalungun people|Simalungun]], and [[Karo people (Indonesia)|Karo]] ''rajas'' benefited from preferential treatment by the Dutch in terms of land leasing.{{sfn|Dick|2002|p=103}} Those aristocrats were able to accumulate significant wealth by &quot;leas[ing] wide tracts of land, the disposal rights over which frequently had lain traditionally with the village, to foreign companies...&quot; and seizing most of the profits.{{sfn|Kahin|1970|p=179}} Eventually, most of the rural masses went to seek help from local political parties such as GERINDO (''Gerakan Rakyat Indonesia'') and the [[Great Indonesia Party]] (''Partai Indonesia Raya'') so as to make their grievances heard. The feelings of dissatisfaction that rural farmers had against the aristocrats then became a form of support for these political parties.<br /> <br /> ==={{anchor|Leaders involved in the revolution}}Leaders involved in the revolution===<br /> There were a few groups of leaders that were involved in the revolution and all of them may be distinguished by differences in class, social mobility, nationalist seniority, and ideology.<br /> <br /> Firstly, educated Indonesians who were sympathetic to the ideology of nationalism were involved in the revolution. Most of them received tertiary education and have adopted Western values and practices in their daily life. The connections with the traditional aristocratic families did not manage to stop these people from having strong beliefs in nationalism. Ultimately, they recognized that the presence of ''kerajaan'' might be one of the hindrances for East Sumatran society to achieve full liberalization.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=}} Members of this particular group were local governors and regional deputy governors such as [[Teuku Muhammad Hasan]] and Mohammad Amir.<br /> <br /> Besides, there was also another group of leaders who shared a similar ideology of nationalism. Unlike those mentioned earlier, this group of leaders were actively involved with nationalist movements before the Pacific War.{{sfn|Palazzo|p=}} Most of them used to collaborate with the Japanese occupiers as administrative personnel and they were motivated to join this revolution so as to promote the political ideology of nationalism as well as to continue their leadership during the post-war period.<br /> <br /> Secondly, locals who rose to prominence after undergoing military training in Japanese military organisations during the period of Japanese occupation were also responsible for the revolution. These &quot;people's volunteer armies&quot; were equipped with rich military experiences and that has imbued them with a deeper commitment to radical nationalism. Eventually, some of them became militia leaders in the earlier phase of the social revolution.{{sfn|Kahin|1999|p=99}} Many scholars including Anthony Reid and Mohammad Said have highlighted the importance of these people in initiating and executing the 1946 social revolution in East Sumatra.{{sfn|Said|1973|pp=145–186}}{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=}}<br /> <br /> Thirdly, Muslim reformist forces were involved in Islamic movements to resist against the ''kerajaan'' and Malay aristocrats. Supporters of the Islamic movements had faced oppression by the sultans who claimed that they were advocating an Islam that was different from the Malay orientation. In order to protect their own religious interests, these anti-''kerajaan'' activists came together to fight against the Malay elites.{{sfn|Ariffin|1993|p=85}}<br /> <br /> ==Aftermath==<br /> === East Sumatra ===<br /> {{Main|East Sumatra}}<br /> [[File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Spandoeken tijdens het bezoek van de Wali Negara Sumatera Timur aan Pematangsiantar TMnr 60024766.jpg|thumbnail|right|alt=Large crowd, holding banners|NST supporters]]<br /> The revolutionaries, including the armed ''Pemuda'', were able to fight the Dutch return with a common unifying goal in 1945, but there were insufficient resources to last through a longer period than 1947. The Dutch return during the second half of 1947 had to rely on the support from Malay aristocrats, especially when it was facing tougher guerrilla opposition after the ceasefire. In addition to Malay support for the reinstatement of Dutch rule, representatives of other groups expressed similar concerns (some Toba leaders and the Chinese community, in particular; these groups had benefited economically from Dutch rule). The Chinese community, who were economically advantaged, were also targeted by the ''pemuda'' and their property was seized.{{sfn|Dick|2002|p=103}} In this uncertain milieu, the Chinese community saw the British and Dutch colonial forces as protectors.<br /> <br /> The East Sumatra Union (''Persatuan Sumatera Timur'') had been formed in 1938 by the westernized Malay elites to reassert Malay and Simalungun ethnic interests through support from the Dutch. With the support of these Malays, the Dutch attempted to establish a federal Indonesia consisting of a Dutch-supported State of East Sumara ({{lang-id|Negara Sumatera Timur}}, NST).{{sfn|Langenberg|1982|pp=1–30}} The threat felt by the Chinese also motivated them to co-operate with the Malay aristocrats, most of the Simalungun rajas, some Karo chieftains and the Dutch in creating the NST. Dr Tengku Mansur (a member of the Asahan royal family) was selected as head of state and the NST lasted from December 1947 to August 1950. While the Dutch wanted the NST to be seen as an orderly and progressive alternative to the republic, the western-educated aristocrats saw NST as a bastion for their own ethnic interests.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=}} The NST began to disintegrate as soon as Dutch military support was withdrawn. The short-lived state was viewed with suspicion, and Dr Tengku Mansur eventually surrendered authority to the republic in August 1950,{{sfn|Reid|1971|pp=21–46}} which backed by military for the stability framework.{{Sfn|Sutherland||5=1986}} Consequently, East Sumatra was merged into a larger province of [[North Sumatra]], where it has remained till today.<br /> <br /> === Malaya ===<br /> The demise of the sultans in East Sumatra was the turning point in British Malaya. This was politically motivating Malayan Malay against the [[Parti Kebangsaan Melayu Malaya|Malay Nationalist Party]] (MNP) which was Tan Malaka allies. During March 1946, [[United Malays National Organisation]] (UMNO) went with full support of Malay sultans as their inactivity would lead to similar fate as their relatives in East Sumatra. From August to Novem­ber 1946, UMNO was in negotiation with British while MNP was excluded. The rise of UMNO gave political voice for the popular support commanded by the conservative elite, inseparable to events in Indonesia, and has been beneficial for long-term British presence.{{Sfn|Poulgrain|1998|pp=44–45}}<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> *[[Indonesian National Revolution]]<br /> *[[History of Indonesia]]<br /> <br /> ==Notes==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Ariffin| first = Omar | title = Bangsa Melayu: Malay Concepts of Democracy and Community 1945–1950|language = id | publisher = Oxford University Press|location = Oxford| year = 1993| isbn = 0195886135 }}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Ariffin| first = Omar | title = Revolusi Indonesia dan Bangsa Melayu: Runtuhnya Kerajaan-Kerajaan Melayu Sumatera Timur Pada Tahun 1946|language = id |publisher = Koperasi Kedai Buku Universiti Sains Malaysia Sdn Bhd|location = Pulau Pinang | year = 1999| isbn = 983861193X}}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Dick| first = H.W. | title = The Emergence of a National Economy : An Economic History of Indonesia, 1800-2000| publisher = Asian Studies Association of Australia in association with Allen &amp; Unwin|location = Australia| year = 2002| isbn = 9781741150209}}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Kahin| first = Audrey R.| title = Regional Dynamics of the Indonesian Revolution: Unity From Diversity| publisher = University of Hawaii Press|location = United States| year = 1985| isbn = 0824809823}}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Kahin | first = George McTurnan | title = Nationalism and Revolution in Indonesia | publisher = Cornell University Press | year = 1970 | isbn = 0-8014-9108-8 }}<br /> * {{cite book |last1=Kahin |first1=Audrey |title=Rebellion to Integration: West Sumatra and the Indonesian Polity |date=1999 |publisher=Amsterdam University Press |location=Amsterdam |isbn=9053563954}}<br /> *{{Cite book| last = Kipp| first = Rita Smith| title = Dissociated Identities: Ethnicity, Religion and Class in an Indonesian Society| publisher = University of Michigan Press| location = Ann Arbor| year = 1996| isbn = 047208402X| url-access = registration| url = https://archive.org/details/dissociatedident00rita_0}}<br /> *{{cite book|last1=Bertrand|first1=Jacques|last2=Laliberte|first2=Ander|title=Multination States in Asia: Accommodation or Resistance <br /> |date=2010|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge|isbn=978-0511750755|page=34}}<br /> *{{cite journal | last = Langenberg| first = Michael. van. | title = Class and Ethnic Conflict in Indonesian's Decolonization Process: A Study of East Sumatra| publisher = Cornell University: Indonesia Southeast Asia Program Publications|journal=Indonesia |volume= 33|issue=33 |pages=1–30 |date=April 1982| doi = 10.2307/3350925 | jstor = 3350925 |url=https://ecommons.cornell.edu/bitstream/handle/1813/53737/INDO_33_0_1107016894_1_30.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y}}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = McMillan| first = Richard| title = The British Occupation of Indonesia, 1945-1946: Britain, the Netherlands and the Indonesian revolution| publisher = Routledge|location = New York| year = 2005}}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Milner| first = Anthony| title = The Malays| publisher = Blackwell Publishing Ltd|location = United Kingdom | year = 2011| isbn = 978-1444339031 }}<br /> *{{cite web|last=Palazzo|first=Albert|title=The Netherlands East Indies and the Pacific War|url=http://www.awm.gov.au/exhibitions/alliesinadversity/essay/index.asp|work=Allies in Adversity. Australia and the Dutch in the Pacific War|publisher=Australian War Memorial}}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Poulgrain| first = Greg| title = The Genesis of Konfrontasi: Malaysia, Brunei and Indonesia 1945–1965| publisher = Crawford House Publishing Pty Ltd|location = Australia| year = 1998| isbn = 1850655138}}<br /> *{{cite journal|last1=Reid|first1=Anthony|title=The Birth of the Republic in Sumatra |journal=Indonesia |date=1971 | volume=12 |issue=Oct |url=https://ecommons.cornell.edu/bitstream/handle/1813/53522/INDO_12_0_1107125075_21_46.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y |pages=21–46|doi=10.2307/3350656|jstor=3350656 }}<br /> *{{Cite book |last=Reid |first=Anthony |url=https://brill.com/view/title/23090 |title=An Indonesian Frontier: Acehnese and Other Histories of Sumatra |date= |publisher=[[Brill]] |year=2004 |isbn=978-90-04-48655-3 |doi=10.1163/9789004486553_018}}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Reid | first = Anthony| title = An Indonesian Frontier: Acehnese and Other Histories of Sumatra| publisher = Singapore University Press|location= Singapore| year = 2005| isbn = 9971692988}}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Reid | first = Anthony| author-link = Anthony Reid | title = The Blood of the People: Revolution &amp; the End of Traditional Rule in Northern Sumatra | publisher = NUS Press | year = 2014 | location = Singapore | isbn = 978-9971-69-637-5 }}<br /> *{{cite journal | last = Said| first = H. Mohammed | title = What was the Social Revolution of 1946 in East Sumatra| publisher = Cornell University: Indonesia Southeast Asia Program Publications|journal=Indonesia |volume= 15|issue=15 |pages=145–186 |date=April 1973| doi = 10.2307/3350795 | jstor = 3350795 | hdl = 1813/53556 |url= https://ecommons.cornell.edu/bitstream/handle/1813/53556/INDO_15_0_1107128614_145_186.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y}}<br /> *{{Cite journal |last1=Sutherland |first1=Heather |last2=van Goor |first2=J. |year=1986 |title=The Indonesian Revolution: A Review |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3351190 |journal=Indonesia |volume=42 |issue=42 |pages=113–118 |doi=10.2307/3351190|jstor=3351190 |hdl=1813/53847 |hdl-access=free}}<br /> <br /> {{Indonesian National Revolution}}<br /> [[Category:Massacres of the Indonesian National Revolution]]<br /> [[Category:Massacres committed by Indonesia]]<br /> [[Category:1940s in Indonesia]]<br /> [[Category:Massacres in 1946]]<br /> [[Category:Political and cultural purges]]<br /> [[Category:Regicides]]</div> Xbypass https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=East_Sumatra_revolution&diff=1239217115 East Sumatra revolution 2024-08-07T23:55:02Z <p>Xbypass: </p> <hr /> <div>{{History of Indonesia}}<br /> {{Campaignbox Indonesian National Revolution}}<br /> {{EngvarB|date=September 2013}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2013}}<br /> <br /> The '''East Sumatra revolution''', also known as the '''East Sumatra social revolution''' ({{Lang|id|Revolusi Sosial Sumatera Timur}}), began on 3 March 1946. Across 25 &quot;native states&quot;, many sultanates were overthrown and mass killing of members of the aristocratic families were performed by armed ''pergerakan'' groups (Indonesian nationalists).{{sfn|Said|1973|p=}} To the opportunistic ''pergerakan'' militants (especially [[Communist Party of Indonesia]] leaders [[Abdoe'lxarim M. S.]] and Luat Siregar), the revolutionary movement was seen as one of the means for East Sumatra to be freed from colonial overlordship and to join the larger [[Indonesian National Revolution]].{{sfn|Kahin|1970|p=180}} Participants of the revolution were believed to be provoked by leaders to kill aristocrats and create violence. These belligerents had three prime objectives: to eliminate the sultans and aristocrats (who were seen as Dutch allies), to seize their wealth (as sources of funding for the Indonesian independence campaign) and to eliminate the region's feudal social structure.{{sfn|Reid|2005|p=328}} The revolution brought about the formation of the [[State of East Sumatra]], which was dissolved when the region became part of the Indonesian republic.<br /> <br /> ==Background==<br /> The Dutch subjugated the Minangkabau of Sumatra in the [[Padri War]] and the [[Dutch expedition on the west coast of Sumatra]] occurred. There followed the [[conquest of the Aceh Sultanate]] of Sumatra.<br /> <br /> East Sumatra during colonial period was dominated by plantation with workers from diverse ethnicities. This was exploited by capitalism of European and benefit for local aristocratic group such as local chiefs and sultans. As government power became unstable because of Japanese occupation, tension between ethnicities and social class erupted.{{Sfn|Sutherland||5=1986}}<br /> <br /> === East Sumatra under the Dutch (1930s–1942) ===<br /> <br /> ==== {{anchor|Ethnic tensions}}Ethnic tensions ====<br /> [[File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM De Raja van Dolok met zijn gevolg Simeloengoen TMnr 10001725.jpg|thumbnail|right|alt=Seated raja, surrounded by other men|Simalungun king with his entourage]]<br /> The influx of Chinese, Javanese, and other ethnic immigrants to the region during the 1930s gave rise to several official associations associated with the kingdom to identify certain customary elements to form the cultural core of the East Sumatra society.{{sfn|Ariffin|1999|p=}} Even though the [[Karo people (Indonesia)|Karo]], [[Malays (ethnic group)|Malays]], and [[Simalungun people]]s were all recognised as indigenous communities in the region, the royalty and associations chose to emphasize more on preserving the Malay cultural identity. Special privileges were granted to the Malays (such as accessing to plantation land) by the Dutch and the social status of the Malays appeared to be much higher than the other indigenous communities in East Sumatra. As a result, members of the other two indigenous communities as well as the other locals felt this was unfair and that resulted in unwanted ethnic tensions. An increasing number of locals began to disagree with the Dutch and the Malay aristocrats due to the bias that these elites had towards the Malays.<br /> <br /> ==== {{anchor|Religious divisions and Islamic movements}}Religious divisions and Islamic movements ====<br /> Another division between the Malays and the two groups was religion, whereby the Malays were mostly Muslims and majority of the [[Karo people (Indonesia)]] and [[Simalungun]] were Christians or animists. Despite being the third-largest group in the 1930s, the Javanese, in particular the [[Abangan]], were perceived by the Malays to have a lower social status and their practice of Islam was seen to be nominal. The Malays were usually regarded as the traditional protectors of Islam by the authorities and the other Muslim reformist forces who advocated an Islam different from the Malay orientation were seen as threats to the authority of the sultans. The former was known as the Kaum Tua (old group) and the latter as the Kaum Muda (young group, reformist) who &quot;...sought to free the Islamic communities from superstitious beliefs.&quot;.{{sfn|Ariffin|1993|p=85}}<br /> <br /> There were two major modernist Islamic movements launched by the ''Kaum Muda'': firstly, the [[Muhammadiyah]] movement that involved conflicts over religious texts and teachings and secondly, the Jamiatul Wasliyah organization which shared common interests with Muhammadiah. Even though the ''Kuam Muda'' presented themselves as “non-political” Islamic leaders, the ''kerajaan'' still regarded those organizations with hostility and decided to support the ''Kuam Tua'' instead. Hence, the Malays were said to claim dominance in both political and cultural spheres, which led to resentment of the Malay aristocratic class and Malays in general.{{sfn|Kahin|1985|p=116}}<br /> <br /> ==== {{anchor|The political movement}}The political movement ====<br /> During the late 1930s, the national movements led by the ''pergerakan'' were developing rapidly among urban and educated sections of the Indonesian community.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=}} One example was the East Sumatra Association, which was created in 1938 by Dutch-educated Malays and was later led by Dr Tengku Mansur (who was connected to the ''Asahan'' royal family). The political association aimed to improve the social status of East Sumatran natives, including [[Simalungun people]] and [[Karo people (Indonesia)]]. The national movement then slowly reached out to small farmers of the tobacco-growing area, which eventually provided the rudiments of an important rural base for the two nationalist parties, ''GERINDO'' and ''PARINDRA'' in East Sumatra. Besides raising voices that disagreed with the Dutch repression and Malay aristocracy, the two parties also played important roles in initiating and mobilizing resources to support the 1946 East Sumatra social revolution.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=}} <br /> <br /> === East Sumatra during the Japanese occupation (1942–early 1945) ===<br /> {{See also|Invasion of Sumatra (1942)}}<br /> [[File:Japanese_Occupation_of_Sumatra,_1942.jpg|thumb|right|Japanese paratroopers during the invasion of Sumatra in February 1942]]<br /> During the occupation, the Japanese implemented policies that were perceived as a continuance of Dutch support for the ''kerajaan''. Under the policies, the ''kerajaan'' were able to gain access to various incomes, titles, and religious authority that they used to have in the 1930s.{{sfn|Kahin|1999|p=95}} However, Japanese used available fragmentation between the ''pergerakan'' and the ''kerajaan''.{{Sfn|Reid||5=2004}} The regaining of Malay aristocrats’ power during the Japanese Occupation resulted in suppression of the peasant community in East Sumatra.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=}} Many Japanese officials managed to exploit food and labour supplies from the peasantry through the ''kerajaan'' hierarchy and that had increased the amount of economic pressure faced by the farming population of East Sumatra.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=}} Although, moderate members of ''PARINDRA'', one of the ''pergerakan'' nationalist parties, even took the initiative to form a ''Comité Indonesia'' in an attempt to present a united ''pergerakan'' front to the Japanese. They were motivated to launch a new Indonesian-controlled administration with the support from the Japanese. However, the garnering of support from the Japanese did not work out well because the priority of the Japanese was to obtain the oil and plantation produce from East Sumatra rather than making any significant political changes to the existing government structures.{{sfn|Kahin|1999|p=95}} Furthermore, the policies adopted by the Japanese were seen as a continuance of Dutch support for the ''kerajaan'' that caused nationalists to hold stronger negative feelings towards the Sultans and Malay aristocrats.<br /> <br /> Consequently, the credibility of those traditional, nationalists and religious leaders, who were assigned by the Japanese, was severely damaged. A new leadership was then formed by a group of ''pemuda'' (youth) who had received their formative education under the Japanese military groups (''Giyūgun'', ''[[Heiho]]'' and ''[[Tokubetsu Keisatsutai|Tokkeitai]]''). The military training guided by Japanese ethics and values fanned their nationalism and motivated them to defend their lands.{{sfn|Kahin|1999|p=118}} These Japanese-trained ''pemuda'' then took on active roles in fighting against the Dutch and Malay sultans during the 1946 East Sumatra Social Revolution.<br /> <br /> === Allied landings, local struggles and period of uncertainty (late 1945–1946) ===<br /> After the Japanese surrendered, the independence of Indonesia was [[Proclamation of Indonesian Independence|declared]] in Jakarta and [[Sukarno]] was chosen as the president of a new republic. Sumatra was then declared to be a province of the new republic and Medan was chosen as its capital.{{sfn|Bertrand|Laliberte|2010|p=34}} Despite this, many leaders were worried about the possibility of the Dutch returning and of the Malay and Batak aristocrats regaining their former power. <br /> <br /> From 21 August, leaflets were sent to Sumatra on Netherlands Indies Civil Administration. Japanese surrender was publicly announced on 22 August. On 25 August, Naval Lt. Brondgeest and Dutch-dominated unit landed near Pangkalan Brandan. Brondgeest, by 1 September, had been established base in Medan and contact with Japanese, Sultan of Deli, Sultan of Langkat, and other cooperative natives. This cooperative native asked for some reforms. Brondgeest decided to act independently from British and Japanese with local Ambonese and Menadonese as police force to control Medan and Republican movement. The Muslim fast was ended on 7 August and celebrated by mending relation with pro-Dutch peoples. On 14 September, Lt. Westerling and 3 others who were part of Dutch commando entered Medan to equip the police force.{{Sfn|Reid||5=2004}} <br /> <br /> Many of the Japanese-trained unemployed ''pemuda'' of ex-Giyugun were then recruited by [[Abdoe'lxarim M. S.]] – the executor of the former ''Badan Oentoek Membantor Pertahanan Asia'' (Body for Assisting the Defence of Asia / BOMPA) property, who fed them BOMPA rice-stocks, and were then organised into a broader ''Persatuan Pemuda Latihan'' (Trained Youth Association) which include police, soldiers, and officials. On 23 September, the senior ex-Giyugun officer, First Lieutenant Achmad Tahir issued a meeting for all Japanese-trained Pemuda in ''Asrama Rensheikei''. Among these groups, some had contact with 'underground' groups with pre-war left wing experience. These groups include Karo group under the leaderships of Selamat Ginting, Tama Ginting, and Rakutta Sembiring Brahmana, and an &quot;anti-fascist&quot; group under Nathar Zainuddin a veteran islamist communist, which include [[Urbanus Pardede]], Bustami, Joenoes Nasution, and Marzuki Lubis. They plan to contact with Aminuddin Nazir of Inoue's coastal guard and by evening ''Badan Pemuda Indonesia'' or BPI was formed under Achmad Tahir as First Chairman.{{sfn|Reid|2014|pp=154-155}} Before the landings of the Allied (British) forces, these young ''pemuda'' were actively propagating information about the republic. They persuaded the senior Indonesian officials to resist the Japanese, the Dutch and Malay aristocrats. Therefore, these ''pemuda'' were seen as very nationalistic, eager to resist the return of the Dutch, and unsympathetic to the various ''kerajaan''.&quot;{{sfn|Ariffin|1993|p=85}} On 6 October, new Sultan of Deli who was known for his skeptic of Republic was installed.{{Sfn|Reid||5=2004}} By 10 October 1945, ''[[Tentara Keamanan Rakyat]]'' or TKR of East Sumatra was formed with Achmad Tahir as Commander, Soetjipto as Chief-of-Staff, Capt. Hotman Sitoempul in Siantar, Lt. Martinus Lubis in Brastagi, and Lt. Djamin Ginting in Kabanjahe.{{sfn|Reid|2014|pp=161-162}}<br /> <br /> The initial landings of Allied forces (the British) and the Dutch, were not opposed by ''pemuda'' troops as Governor [[Teuku Muhammad Hasan|Hasan]] followed official republican policies of cooperating with the Allied. The flashpoint in Medan was the former Pensiun Wilhelmina in Jalan Bali, Medan, which was used as hostel and housed Westerling's ex-KNIL troops of mainly Ambonese. On 13 October 1945, supposedly an incident happened where one of the Dutch sentries torn off and trampled a red and white pin worn by a child. An angry crowd began to gather and fighting began, resulting several wounded. Two Dutchman fired into the crowd from a car killing an Indonesian. Japanese troops arrived alongside TKR under Achmad Tahir and managed to calm the crowd. The crowd dispersed at 1.30 p.m., with two Indonesians and one Ambonese woman were killed in the fighting.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=159}} However two hours later, ''pemuda'' returned, leaving six killed and about 100 wounded among the Ambonese and Menadonese. The Dutchman in charge of the hotel and a swiss family were killed as a result. The attack spread to [[Pematangsiantar]], and on 15 October, a five-man detachment under Brondgeest who was sent to Siantar Hotel to check on Japanese troop concentrated there was attacked. The hotel was besieged and burned, killing all the Dutch soldiers, ten Ambonese soldiers, two ''pemuda'' and four Swiss who managed the hotel. These marked the beginning of [[Battle of Medan]], between republican troops of TKR under Achmad Tahir as well as various ''pemuda'' affiliated with semi-criminal Medan underworld and Allied forces under T.E.D Kelly.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=162}}<br /> <br /> On 18 October 1945, the control of Medan became the responsibility of the British, immediately after official orders were issued by Republican leaders for ''pemuda'' to surrender their weapons to the British troops.{{sfn|Kahin|1999|p=243}} Nonetheless, the ''pemuda'' of East Sumatra managed to acquire some weapons that were left over by Japanese soldiers after the surrender and used them to confront the British in the south of Medan on 10 December 1945.{{sfn|McMillan|2005|p=}} A strong sense of contingency was said to be present in the British policy as the political circumstances in Indonesia forced them to make decisions that were seemingly neither pro-Dutch nor pro-Indonesian,{{sfn|McMillan|2005|p=}} although British intelligence manipulated events to pressure the (British) Malay monarchs for political initiatives in order to avoid being revolutionary targets.{{Sfn|Poulgrain|1998|pp=42–48}} Tensions between the Dutch and British modes of operation as well as the strong resistance from Indonesian nationalists resulted in low British morale throughout the post-war British occupation.{{sfn|McMillan|2005|p=}} After consultation with General Chambers in Padang, on 26 October Kelly disarmed and disbanded Ambonese forces under [[Raymond Westerling|Westerling]] and Brondgeest, and the Dutch detainees were again guarded by Japanese forces. Only Westerling remained behind at Kelly's request to put his terrorist tactics to work with the British.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=161}} British commander published on 24 December 1945 his intent to recognise TKR as official peacekeeper outside of Medan and British would give weapons (rubber-for-weapons) for some republican within Medan after rubber smuggling from Sumatra to Singapore in the period February-April 1946.{{Sfn|Poulgrain|1998|pp=40–41}}<br /> <br /> Armed clashes with the British, Dutch, and Japanese remained at a low level for the next two months until rumours that the Dutch were about to attempt a landing started spreading among the locals. On 3 March 1946, thousands of armed ''pemuda'' surrounded the palace in [[Tanjungbalai (city)|Tanjung Balai]] in response to the wide dissemination of reports that claimed that the ''kerajaan'' had formed a ''Comité van Ontvangst'' (reception committee) to welcome the Dutch.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=230}} The outbreak of violence between the ''kerajaan'' and the armed ''pemuda'' hence marked the start of the 1946 East Sumatra Social Revolution.<br /> <br /> == East Sumatra Social Revolution: 3 March 1946 ==<br /> On 3 March 1946, thousands of armed men assembled to oppose the big sultanates after hearing the rumours that the Dutch were returning. Violence and bloodshed was involved, where seven princes, ninety aristocrats (in Langkat) and countless officials from native states were killed.{{sfn|Ariffin|1993|p=64}} The Sultan of Langkat's daughters were raped and poet [[Amir Hamzah|Tengku Amir Hamzah]] was killed on 9 March by the ''Pemuda'' (young Japanese-trained militant) leaders and many Malay farmers were forced to give up their plantation land that they had acquired under the Dutch to be redistributed for those former plantation workers and non-Malay farmers (mostly Javanese). The militants under the leadership of PESINDO (''Pemuda Sosialis Indonesia''), the [[Indonesian Communist Party]], and the [[Indonesian National Party]] attacked almost all of the Malay aristocrats. The wives and children of the aristocrat families were interned and their houses were ransacked for treasure by the ''Pemuda''. The sympathy that Malay aristocrats had for the Dutch and the threats that they represented to the independence of Indonesia were commonly seen as the two main reasons for the occurrence of this violent event.<br /> <br /> ==={{anchor|Main objectives}}Main objectives===<br /> There were three main objectives associated with the revolution that involved different groups of people: firstly, to seize Malay aristocrats and their principal supporters so as to thwart their plans for the return of the Dutch; secondly, gain control of ''kerajaan'' the Malay sultanates' wealth in order to sustain the expenses for the national struggle and thirdly, to exercise political and societal changes in accordance to the Marxist intellectuals who were involved in the event.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=230}}<br /> <br /> ==={{anchor|Causes}}Causes===<br /> The 1946 East Sumatra social revolution was an outcome of class, ideological, and ethnic tensions that had accumulated over several decades. Since the Dutch colonial period, the region's demographics, socio-political structure, and economic system had undergone great changes. Many locals, especially those of the low and middle classed, who were consistently suppressed under the hierarchy system, became highly dissatisfied with the ''kerajaan'' hierarchy and the Dutch. The national revolution also reflected a great diversity of interests from almost all sections of Sumatran society and several complex issues behind the fight for independence in East Sumatra.<br /> <br /> ==== Political causes ====<br /> [[File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM De prinsen van Deli Langkat en Serdang TMnr 10001178.jpg|thumbnail|right|alt=Three men in ceremonial dress|Malay princes of East Sumatra from the Royal Houses of Deli, Langkat and Serdang]]<br /> <br /> By 1942, the Dutch, who were accountable to the Netherlands East Indies government in Batavia, were holding on to majority of the administrative power in the region. A feudal government was formed over the four primary sultanates in the region ([[Sultanate of Langkat|Langkat]], [[Sultanate of Serdang|Serdang]], [[Sultanate of Deli|Deli]], and [[Asahan Sultanate|Asahan]]) and ''kerajaan'' before (and after) the arrival of the Dutch,{{sfn|Kahin|1985|p=113}} Under Dutch rule, the kingdoms and principalities were absorbed into a centralised political structure and these indigenous elites were included in the administration (which they shared with the Dutch) of the region.{{sfn|Kahin|1985|p=113}} Consequently, both the Dutch and Malay aristocrats were able to use their political power to launch policies that suppressed the rights of the commoners. Opposition to the Dutch repression and Malay aristocracy then began to arise among ordinary people. On 3 March 1946, thousands of armed ''pemuda'' surrounded the palace in [[Tanjungbalai (city)|Tanjung Balai]] in response to the wide dissemination of reports that claimed that the ''kerajaan'' had formed a ''Comité van Ontvangst'' (reception committee) to welcome the Dutch.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=230}}<br /> <br /> In the late February 1946, Major Ferguson, part of British intelligence, was closely linked with political machinations in East Sumatra. The sultan of Deli had armed British protection and allowed his state to become a stronghold of British Intelligence. A rumour circulated that the sultans of East Sumatra proposed to form a dominion within British Malaya. The dominion proposal was created to elicit hostility from the pemuda. After it was circulated, British authorities ignored the suggestion. Then, the sultans returned into cooperation with the Dutch. Major Ferguson and the acting governor of East Sumatra, Dr Amir, visited places in East Sumatra and returned to Medan on 2 March 1946.{{Sfn|Poulgrain||5=1998|pp=41–43}}<br /> <br /> Either Comité van Ontvangst to welcome the Dutch or British dominion proposal were anathema to the ''pemuda''. For the ''pemuda'', ''kerajaan'' symbolised colonial injustice. Whether under Dutch or British masters, ''kerajaan'' would remain elitist and become executive of foreign oppression. This would lead to immediate demand of retribution.{{Sfn|Poulgrain||5=1998|pp=|p=42}}<br /> <br /> ==== Socio-economic causes ====<br /> Apart from political causes, labour policies were also implemented to sustain the economy of the region. Large numbers of foreign labourers were brought in from China and Java to meet the strong demand for labour in East Sumatra's plantation economy (which made up 64 percent of economic production). &quot;In the case of the plantation economy in this region, this foreign labour was predominantly from the relatively overcrowded island of Java: by the 1930s, 43 percent of the population was 'Javanese'.&quot;{{sfn|Kipp|1996|p=46}} In addition to the Chinese and Javanese (who numbered about 192,000 and 590,000, respectively during the 1930s), the economy also attracted migrants from other parts of the Dutch East Indies. As a result, the percentages of the three main indigenous communities: the Malays, Karo, and Simalungun in the region were significantly reduced.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=43}} The changes in social structure prompted anxiety among the people of East Sumatra.<br /> <br /> The change in the socio-economic landscape also resulted in stark class differences within East Sumatran society. In the 1930s, many farmers of the tobacco area (Deli-Serdang-Langkat) were told to cultivate smaller areas while the Malay sultans, [[Simalungun people|Simalungun]], and [[Karo people (Indonesia)|Karo]] ''rajas'' benefited from preferential treatment by the Dutch in terms of land leasing.{{sfn|Dick|2002|p=103}} Those aristocrats were able to accumulate significant wealth by &quot;leas[ing] wide tracts of land, the disposal rights over which frequently had lain traditionally with the village, to foreign companies...&quot; and seizing most of the profits.{{sfn|Kahin|1970|p=179}} Eventually, most of the rural masses went to seek help from local political parties such as GERINDO (''Gerakan Rakyat Indonesia'') and the [[Great Indonesia Party]] (''Partai Indonesia Raya'') so as to make their grievances heard. The feelings of dissatisfaction that rural farmers had against the aristocrats then became a form of support for these political parties.<br /> <br /> ==={{anchor|Leaders involved in the revolution}}Leaders involved in the revolution===<br /> There were a few groups of leaders that were involved in the revolution and all of them may be distinguished by differences in class, social mobility, nationalist seniority, and ideology.<br /> <br /> Firstly, educated Indonesians who were sympathetic to the ideology of nationalism were involved in the revolution. Most of them received tertiary education and have adopted Western values and practices in their daily life. The connections with the traditional aristocratic families did not manage to stop these people from having strong beliefs in nationalism. Ultimately, they recognized that the presence of ''kerajaan'' might be one of the hindrances for East Sumatran society to achieve full liberalization.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=}} Members of this particular group were local governors and regional deputy governors such as [[Teuku Muhammad Hasan]] and Mohammad Amir.<br /> <br /> Besides, there was also another group of leaders who shared a similar ideology of nationalism. Unlike those mentioned earlier, this group of leaders were actively involved with nationalist movements before the Pacific War.{{sfn|Palazzo|p=}} Most of them used to collaborate with the Japanese occupiers as administrative personnel and they were motivated to join this revolution so as to promote the political ideology of nationalism as well as to continue their leadership during the post-war period.<br /> <br /> Secondly, locals who rose to prominence after undergoing military training in Japanese military organisations during the period of Japanese occupation were also responsible for the revolution. These &quot;people's volunteer armies&quot; were equipped with rich military experiences and that has imbued them with a deeper commitment to radical nationalism. Eventually, some of them became militia leaders in the earlier phase of the social revolution.{{sfn|Kahin|1999|p=99}} Many scholars including Anthony Reid and Mohammad Said have highlighted the importance of these people in initiating and executing the 1946 social revolution in East Sumatra.{{sfn|Said|1973|pp=145–186}}{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=}}<br /> <br /> Thirdly, Muslim reformist forces were involved in Islamic movements to resist against the ''kerajaan'' and Malay aristocrats. Supporters of the Islamic movements had faced oppression by the sultans who claimed that they were advocating an Islam that was different from the Malay orientation. In order to protect their own religious interests, these anti-''kerajaan'' activists came together to fight against the Malay elites.{{sfn|Ariffin|1993|p=85}}<br /> <br /> ==Aftermath==<br /> === East Sumatra ===<br /> {{Main|East Sumatra}}<br /> [[File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Spandoeken tijdens het bezoek van de Wali Negara Sumatera Timur aan Pematangsiantar TMnr 60024766.jpg|thumbnail|right|alt=Large crowd, holding banners|NST supporters]]<br /> The revolutionaries, including the armed ''Pemuda'', were able to fight the Dutch return with a common unifying goal in 1945, but there were insufficient resources to last through a longer period than 1947. The Dutch return during the second half of 1947 had to rely on the support from Malay aristocrats, especially when it was facing tougher guerrilla opposition after the ceasefire. In addition to Malay support for the reinstatement of Dutch rule, representatives of other groups expressed similar concerns (some Toba leaders and the Chinese community, in particular; these groups had benefited economically from Dutch rule). The Chinese community, who were economically advantaged, were also targeted by the ''pemuda'' and their property was seized.{{sfn|Dick|2002|p=103}} In this uncertain milieu, the Chinese community saw the British and Dutch colonial forces as protectors.<br /> <br /> The East Sumatra Union (''Persatuan Sumatera Timur'') had been formed in 1938 by the westernized Malay elites to reassert Malay and Simalungun ethnic interests through support from the Dutch. With the support of these Malays, the Dutch attempted to establish a federal Indonesia consisting of a Dutch-supported State of East Sumara ({{lang-id|Negara Sumatera Timur}}, NST).{{sfn|Langenberg|1982|pp=1–30}} The threat felt by the Chinese also motivated them to co-operate with the Malay aristocrats, most of the Simalungun rajas, some Karo chieftains and the Dutch in creating the NST. Dr Tengku Mansur (a member of the Asahan royal family) was selected as head of state and the NST lasted from December 1947 to August 1950. While the Dutch wanted the NST to be seen as an orderly and progressive alternative to the republic, the western-educated aristocrats saw NST as a bastion for their own ethnic interests.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=}} The NST began to disintegrate as soon as Dutch military support was withdrawn. The short-lived state was viewed with suspicion, and Dr Tengku Mansur eventually surrendered authority to the republic in August 1950,{{sfn|Reid|1971|pp=21–46}} which backed by military for the stability framework.{{Sfn|Sutherland||5=1986}} Consequently, East Sumatra was merged into a larger province of [[North Sumatra]], where it has remained till today.<br /> <br /> === Malaya ===<br /> The demise of the sultans in East Sumatra was the turning point in British Malaya. This was politically motivating Malayan Malay against the [[Parti Kebangsaan Melayu Malaya|Malay Nationalist Party]] (MNP) which was Tan Malaka allies. During March 1946, [[United Malays National Organisation]] (UMNO) went with full support of Malay sultans as their inactivity would lead to similar fate as their relatives in East Sumatra. From August to Novem­ber 1946, UMNO was in negotiation with British while MNP was excluded. The rise of UMNO gave political voice for the popular support commanded by the conservative elite, inseparable to events in Indonesia, and has been beneficial for long-term British presence.{{Sfn|Poulgrain|1998|pp=44–45}}<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> *[[Indonesian National Revolution]]<br /> *[[History of Indonesia]]<br /> <br /> ==Notes==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Ariffin| first = Omar | title = Bangsa Melayu: Malay Concepts of Democracy and Community 1945–1950|language = id | publisher = Oxford University Press|location = Oxford| year = 1993| isbn = 0195886135 }}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Ariffin| first = Omar | title = Revolusi Indonesia dan Bangsa Melayu: Runtuhnya Kerajaan-Kerajaan Melayu Sumatera Timur Pada Tahun 1946|language = id |publisher = Koperasi Kedai Buku Universiti Sains Malaysia Sdn Bhd|location = Pulau Pinang | year = 1999| isbn = 983861193X}}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Dick| first = H.W. | title = The Emergence of a National Economy : An Economic History of Indonesia, 1800-2000| publisher = Asian Studies Association of Australia in association with Allen &amp; Unwin|location = Australia| year = 2002| isbn = 9781741150209}}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Kahin| first = Audrey R.| title = Regional Dynamics of the Indonesian Revolution: Unity From Diversity| publisher = University of Hawaii Press|location = United States| year = 1985| isbn = 0824809823}}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Kahin | first = George McTurnan | title = Nationalism and Revolution in Indonesia | publisher = Cornell University Press | year = 1970 | isbn = 0-8014-9108-8 }}<br /> * {{cite book |last1=Kahin |first1=Audrey |title=Rebellion to Integration: West Sumatra and the Indonesian Polity |date=1999 |publisher=Amsterdam University Press |location=Amsterdam |isbn=9053563954}}<br /> *{{Cite book| last = Kipp| first = Rita Smith| title = Dissociated Identities: Ethnicity, Religion and Class in an Indonesian Society| publisher = University of Michigan Press| location = Ann Arbor| year = 1996| isbn = 047208402X| url-access = registration| url = https://archive.org/details/dissociatedident00rita_0}}<br /> *{{cite book|last1=Bertrand|first1=Jacques|last2=Laliberte|first2=Ander|title=Multination States in Asia: Accommodation or Resistance <br /> |date=2010|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge|isbn=978-0511750755|page=34}}<br /> *{{cite journal | last = Langenberg| first = Michael. van. | title = Class and Ethnic Conflict in Indonesian's Decolonization Process: A Study of East Sumatra| publisher = Cornell University: Indonesia Southeast Asia Program Publications|journal=Indonesia |volume= 33|issue=33 |pages=1–30 |date=April 1982| doi = 10.2307/3350925 | jstor = 3350925 |url=https://ecommons.cornell.edu/bitstream/handle/1813/53737/INDO_33_0_1107016894_1_30.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y}}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = McMillan| first = Richard| title = The British Occupation of Indonesia, 1945-1946: Britain, the Netherlands and the Indonesian revolution| publisher = Routledge|location = New York| year = 2005}}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Milner| first = Anthony| title = The Malays| publisher = Blackwell Publishing Ltd|location = United Kingdom | year = 2011| isbn = 978-1444339031 }}<br /> *{{cite web|last=Palazzo|first=Albert|title=The Netherlands East Indies and the Pacific War|url=http://www.awm.gov.au/exhibitions/alliesinadversity/essay/index.asp|work=Allies in Adversity. Australia and the Dutch in the Pacific War|publisher=Australian War Memorial}}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Poulgrain| first = Greg| title = The Genesis of Konfrontasi: Malaysia, Brunei and Indonesia 1945–1965| publisher = Crawford House Publishing Pty Ltd|location = Australia| year = 1998| isbn = 1850655138}}<br /> *{{cite journal|last1=Reid|first1=Anthony|title=The Birth of the Republic in Sumatra |journal=Indonesia |date=1971 | volume=12 |issue=Oct |url=https://ecommons.cornell.edu/bitstream/handle/1813/53522/INDO_12_0_1107125075_21_46.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y |pages=21–46|doi=10.2307/3350656|jstor=3350656 }}<br /> *{{Cite book |last=Reid |first=Anthony |url=https://brill.com/view/title/23090 |title=An Indonesian Frontier: Acehnese and Other Histories of Sumatra |date= |publisher=[[Brill]] |year=2004 |isbn=978-90-04-48655-3 |doi=10.1163/9789004486553_018}}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Reid | first = Anthony| title = An Indonesian Frontier: Acehnese and Other Histories of Sumatra| publisher = Singapore University Press|location= Singapore| year = 2005| isbn = 9971692988}}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Reid | first = Anthony| author-link = Anthony Reid | title = The Blood of the People: Revolution &amp; the End of Traditional Rule in Northern Sumatra | publisher = NUS Press | year = 2014 | location = Singapore | isbn = 978-9971-69-637-5 }}<br /> *{{cite journal | last = Said| first = H. Mohammed | title = What was the Social Revolution of 1946 in East Sumatra| publisher = Cornell University: Indonesia Southeast Asia Program Publications|journal=Indonesia |volume= 15|issue=15 |pages=145–186 |date=April 1973| doi = 10.2307/3350795 | jstor = 3350795 | hdl = 1813/53556 |url= https://ecommons.cornell.edu/bitstream/handle/1813/53556/INDO_15_0_1107128614_145_186.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y}}<br /> *{{Cite journal |last1=Sutherland |first1=Heather |last2=van Goor |first2=J. |year=1986 |title=The Indonesian Revolution: A Review |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3351190 |journal=Indonesia |volume=42 |issue=42 |pages=113–118 |doi=10.2307/3351190|jstor=3351190 |hdl=1813/53847 |hdl-access=free}}<br /> <br /> {{Indonesian National Revolution}}<br /> [[Category:Massacres of the Indonesian National Revolution]]<br /> [[Category:Massacres committed by Indonesia]]<br /> [[Category:1940s in Indonesia]]<br /> [[Category:Massacres in 1946]]<br /> [[Category:Political and cultural purges]]<br /> [[Category:Regicides]]</div> Xbypass https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=East_Sumatra_revolution&diff=1239216460 East Sumatra revolution 2024-08-07T23:49:02Z <p>Xbypass: </p> <hr /> <div>{{History of Indonesia}}<br /> {{Campaignbox Indonesian National Revolution}}<br /> {{EngvarB|date=September 2013}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2013}}<br /> <br /> The '''East Sumatra revolution''', also known as the '''East Sumatra social revolution''' ({{Lang|id|Revolusi Sosial Sumatera Timur}}), began on 3 March 1946. Across 25 &quot;native states&quot;, many sultanates were overthrown and mass killing of members of the aristocratic families were performed by armed ''pergerakan'' groups (Indonesian nationalists).{{sfn|Said|1973|p=}} To the opportunistic ''pergerakan'' militants (especially [[Communist Party of Indonesia]] leaders [[Abdoe'lxarim M. S.]] and Luat Siregar), the revolutionary movement was seen as one of the means for East Sumatra to be freed from colonial overlordship and to join the larger [[Indonesian National Revolution]].{{sfn|Kahin|1970|p=180}} Participants of the revolution were believed to be provoked by leaders to kill aristocrats and create violence. These belligerents had three prime objectives: to eliminate the sultans and aristocrats (who were seen as Dutch allies), to seize their wealth (as sources of funding for the Indonesian independence campaign) and to eliminate the region's feudal social structure.{{sfn|Reid|2005|p=328}} The revolution brought about the formation of the [[State of East Sumatra]], which was dissolved when the region became part of the Indonesian republic.<br /> <br /> ==Background==<br /> The Dutch subjugated the Minangkabau of Sumatra in the [[Padri War]] and the [[Dutch expedition on the west coast of Sumatra]] occurred. There followed the [[conquest of the Aceh Sultanate]] of Sumatra.<br /> <br /> East Sumatra during colonial period was dominated by plantation with workers from diverse ethnicities. This was exploited by capitalism of European and benefit for local aristocratic group such as local chiefs and sultans. As government power became unstable because of Japanese occupation, tension between ethnicities and social class erupted.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Sutherland |first1=Heather |last2=van Goor |first2=J. |year=1986 |title=The Indonesian Revolution: A Review |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3351190 |journal=Indonesia |volume=42 |issue=42 |pages=113–118 |doi=10.2307/3351190|jstor=3351190 |hdl=1813/53847 |hdl-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === East Sumatra under the Dutch (1930s–1942) ===<br /> <br /> ==== {{anchor|Ethnic tensions}}Ethnic tensions ====<br /> [[File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM De Raja van Dolok met zijn gevolg Simeloengoen TMnr 10001725.jpg|thumbnail|right|alt=Seated raja, surrounded by other men|Simalungun king with his entourage]]<br /> The influx of Chinese, Javanese, and other ethnic immigrants to the region during the 1930s gave rise to several official associations associated with the kingdom to identify certain customary elements to form the cultural core of the East Sumatra society.{{sfn|Ariffin|1999|p=}} Even though the [[Karo people (Indonesia)|Karo]], [[Malays (ethnic group)|Malays]], and [[Simalungun people]]s were all recognised as indigenous communities in the region, the royalty and associations chose to emphasize more on preserving the Malay cultural identity. Special privileges were granted to the Malays (such as accessing to plantation land) by the Dutch and the social status of the Malays appeared to be much higher than the other indigenous communities in East Sumatra. As a result, members of the other two indigenous communities as well as the other locals felt this was unfair and that resulted in unwanted ethnic tensions. An increasing number of locals began to disagree with the Dutch and the Malay aristocrats due to the bias that these elites had towards the Malays.<br /> <br /> ==== {{anchor|Religious divisions and Islamic movements}}Religious divisions and Islamic movements ====<br /> Another division between the Malays and the two groups was religion, whereby the Malays were mostly Muslims and majority of the [[Karo people (Indonesia)]] and [[Simalungun]] were Christians or animists. Despite being the third-largest group in the 1930s, the Javanese, in particular the [[Abangan]], were perceived by the Malays to have a lower social status and their practice of Islam was seen to be nominal. The Malays were usually regarded as the traditional protectors of Islam by the authorities and the other Muslim reformist forces who advocated an Islam different from the Malay orientation were seen as threats to the authority of the sultans. The former was known as the Kaum Tua (old group) and the latter as the Kaum Muda (young group, reformist) who &quot;...sought to free the Islamic communities from superstitious beliefs.&quot;.{{sfn|Ariffin|1993|p=85}}<br /> <br /> There were two major modernist Islamic movements launched by the ''Kaum Muda'': firstly, the [[Muhammadiyah]] movement that involved conflicts over religious texts and teachings and secondly, the Jamiatul Wasliyah organization which shared common interests with Muhammadiah. Even though the ''Kuam Muda'' presented themselves as “non-political” Islamic leaders, the ''kerajaan'' still regarded those organizations with hostility and decided to support the ''Kuam Tua'' instead. Hence, the Malays were said to claim dominance in both political and cultural spheres, which led to resentment of the Malay aristocratic class and Malays in general.{{sfn|Kahin|1985|p=116}}<br /> <br /> ==== {{anchor|The political movement}}The political movement ====<br /> During the late 1930s, the national movements led by the ''pergerakan'' were developing rapidly among urban and educated sections of the Indonesian community.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=}} One example was the East Sumatra Association, which was created in 1938 by Dutch-educated Malays and was later led by Dr Tengku Mansur (who was connected to the ''Asahan'' royal family). The political association aimed to improve the social status of East Sumatran natives, including [[Simalungun people]] and [[Karo people (Indonesia)]]. The national movement then slowly reached out to small farmers of the tobacco-growing area, which eventually provided the rudiments of an important rural base for the two nationalist parties, ''GERINDO'' and ''PARINDRA'' in East Sumatra. Besides raising voices that disagreed with the Dutch repression and Malay aristocracy, the two parties also played important roles in initiating and mobilizing resources to support the 1946 East Sumatra social revolution.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=}} <br /> <br /> === East Sumatra during the Japanese occupation (1942–early 1945) ===<br /> {{See also|Invasion of Sumatra (1942)}}<br /> [[File:Japanese_Occupation_of_Sumatra,_1942.jpg|thumb|right|Japanese paratroopers during the invasion of Sumatra in February 1942]]<br /> During the occupation, the Japanese implemented policies that were perceived as a continuance of Dutch support for the ''kerajaan''. Under the policies, the ''kerajaan'' were able to gain access to various incomes, titles, and religious authority that they used to have in the 1930s.{{sfn|Kahin|1999|p=95}} However, Japanese used available fragmentation between the ''pergerakan'' and the ''kerajaan''.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Reid |first=Anthony |url=https://brill.com/view/title/23090 |title=An Indonesian Frontier: Acehnese and Other Histories of Sumatra |date=2004-01-01 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-48655-3 |doi=10.1163/9789004486553_018}}&lt;/ref&gt; The regaining of Malay aristocrats’ power during the Japanese Occupation resulted in suppression of the peasant community in East Sumatra.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=}} Many Japanese officials managed to exploit food and labour supplies from the peasantry through the ''kerajaan'' hierarchy and that had increased the amount of economic pressure faced by the farming population of East Sumatra.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=}} Although, moderate members of ''PARINDRA'', one of the ''pergerakan'' nationalist parties, even took the initiative to form a ''Comité Indonesia'' in an attempt to present a united ''pergerakan'' front to the Japanese. They were motivated to launch a new Indonesian-controlled administration with the support from the Japanese. However, the garnering of support from the Japanese did not work out well because the priority of the Japanese was to obtain the oil and plantation produce from East Sumatra rather than making any significant political changes to the existing government structures.{{sfn|Kahin|1999|p=95}} Furthermore, the policies adopted by the Japanese were seen as a continuance of Dutch support for the ''kerajaan'' that caused nationalists to hold stronger negative feelings towards the Sultans and Malay aristocrats.<br /> <br /> Consequently, the credibility of those traditional, nationalists and religious leaders, who were assigned by the Japanese, was severely damaged. A new leadership was then formed by a group of ''pemuda'' (youth) who had received their formative education under the Japanese military groups (''Giyūgun'', ''[[Heiho]]'' and ''[[Tokubetsu Keisatsutai|Tokkeitai]]''). The military training guided by Japanese ethics and values fanned their nationalism and motivated them to defend their lands.{{sfn|Kahin|1999|p=118}} These Japanese-trained ''pemuda'' then took on active roles in fighting against the Dutch and Malay sultans during the 1946 East Sumatra Social Revolution.<br /> <br /> === Allied landings, local struggles and period of uncertainty (late 1945–1946) ===<br /> After the Japanese surrendered, the independence of Indonesia was [[Proclamation of Indonesian Independence|declared]] in Jakarta and [[Sukarno]] was chosen as the president of a new republic. Sumatra was then declared to be a province of the new republic and Medan was chosen as its capital.{{sfn|Bertrand|Laliberte|2010|p=34}} Despite this, many leaders were worried about the possibility of the Dutch returning and of the Malay and Batak aristocrats regaining their former power. <br /> <br /> From 21 August, leaflets were sent to Sumatra on Netherlands Indies Civil Administration. Japanese surrender was publicly announced on 22 August. On 25 August, Naval Lt. Brondgeest and Dutch-dominated unit landed near Pangkalan Brandan. Brondgeest, by 1 September, had been established base in Medan and contact with Japanese, Sultan of Deli, Sultan of Langkat, and other cooperative natives. This cooperative native asked for some reforms. Brondgeest decided to act independently from British and Japanese with local Ambonese and Menadonese as police force to control Medan and Republican movement. The Muslim fast was ended on 7 August and celebrated by mending relation with pro-Dutch peoples. On 14 September, Lt. Westerling and 3 others who were part of Dutch commando entered Medan to equip the police force.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; <br /> <br /> Many of the Japanese-trained unemployed ''pemuda'' of ex-Giyugun were then recruited by [[Abdoe'lxarim M. S.]] – the executor of the former ''Badan Oentoek Membantor Pertahanan Asia'' (Body for Assisting the Defence of Asia / BOMPA) property, who fed them BOMPA rice-stocks, and were then organised into a broader ''Persatuan Pemuda Latihan'' (Trained Youth Association) which include police, soldiers, and officials. On 23 September, the senior ex-Giyugun officer, First Lieutenant Achmad Tahir issued a meeting for all Japanese-trained Pemuda in ''Asrama Rensheikei''. Among these groups, some had contact with 'underground' groups with pre-war left wing experience. These groups include Karo group under the leaderships of Selamat Ginting, Tama Ginting, and Rakutta Sembiring Brahmana, and an &quot;anti-fascist&quot; group under Nathar Zainuddin a veteran islamist communist, which include [[Urbanus Pardede]], Bustami, Joenoes Nasution, and Marzuki Lubis. They plan to contact with Aminuddin Nazir of Inoue's coastal guard and by evening ''Badan Pemuda Indonesia'' or BPI was formed under Achmad Tahir as First Chairman.{{sfn|Reid|2014|pp=154-155}} Before the landings of the Allied (British) forces, these young ''pemuda'' were actively propagating information about the republic. They persuaded the senior Indonesian officials to resist the Japanese, the Dutch and Malay aristocrats. Therefore, these ''pemuda'' were seen as very nationalistic, eager to resist the return of the Dutch, and unsympathetic to the various ''kerajaan''.&quot;{{sfn|Ariffin|1993|p=85}} On 6 October, new Sultan of Deli who was known for his skeptic of Republic was installed.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; By 10 October 1945, ''[[Tentara Keamanan Rakyat]]'' or TKR of East Sumatra was formed with Achmad Tahir as Commander, Soetjipto as Chief-of-Staff, Capt. Hotman Sitoempul in Siantar, Lt. Martinus Lubis in Brastagi, and Lt. Djamin Ginting in Kabanjahe.{{sfn|Reid|2014|pp=161-162}}<br /> <br /> The initial landings of Allied forces (the British) and the Dutch, were not opposed by ''pemuda'' troops as Governor [[Teuku Muhammad Hasan|Hasan]] followed official republican policies of cooperating with the Allied. The flashpoint in Medan was the former Pensiun Wilhelmina in Jalan Bali, Medan, which was used as hostel and housed Westerling's ex-KNIL troops of mainly Ambonese. On 13 October 1945, supposedly an incident happened where one of the Dutch sentries torn off and trampled a red and white pin worn by a child. An angry crowd began to gather and fighting began, resulting several wounded. Two Dutchman fired into the crowd from a car killing an Indonesian. Japanese troops arrived alongside TKR under Achmad Tahir and managed to calm the crowd. The crowd dispersed at 1.30 p.m., with two Indonesians and one Ambonese woman were killed in the fighting.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=159}} However two hours later, ''pemuda'' returned, leaving six killed and about 100 wounded among the Ambonese and Menadonese. The Dutchman in charge of the hotel and a swiss family were killed as a result. The attack spread to [[Pematangsiantar]], and on 15 October, a five-man detachment under Brondgeest who was sent to Siantar Hotel to check on Japanese troop concentrated there was attacked. The hotel was besieged and burned, killing all the Dutch soldiers, ten Ambonese soldiers, two ''pemuda'' and four Swiss who managed the hotel. These marked the beginning of [[Battle of Medan]], between republican troops of TKR under Achmad Tahir as well as various ''pemuda'' affiliated with semi-criminal Medan underworld and Allied forces under T.E.D Kelly.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=162}}<br /> <br /> On 18 October 1945, the control of Medan became the responsibility of the British, immediately after official orders were issued by Republican leaders for ''pemuda'' to surrender their weapons to the British troops.{{sfn|Kahin|1999|p=243}} Nonetheless, the ''pemuda'' of East Sumatra managed to acquire some weapons that were left over by Japanese soldiers after the surrender and used them to confront the British in the south of Medan on 10 December 1945.{{sfn|McMillan|2005|p=}} A strong sense of contingency was said to be present in the British policy as the political circumstances in Indonesia forced them to make decisions that were seemingly neither pro-Dutch nor pro-Indonesian,{{sfn|McMillan|2005|p=}} although British intelligence manipulated events to pressure the (British) Malay monarchs for political initiatives in order to avoid being revolutionary targets.{{Sfn|Poulgrain|1998|pp=42–48}} Tensions between the Dutch and British modes of operation as well as the strong resistance from Indonesian nationalists resulted in low British morale throughout the post-war British occupation.{{sfn|McMillan|2005|p=}} After consultation with General Chambers in Padang, on 26 October Kelly disarmed and disbanded Ambonese forces under [[Raymond Westerling|Westerling]] and Brondgeest, and the Dutch detainees were again guarded by Japanese forces. Only Westerling remained behind at Kelly's request to put his terrorist tactics to work with the British.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=161}} British commander published on 24 December 1945 his intent to recognise TKR as official peacekeeper outside of Medan and British would give weapons (rubber-for-weapons) for some republican within Medan after rubber smuggling from Sumatra to Singapore in the period February-April 1946.{{Sfn|Poulgrain|1998|pp=40–41}}<br /> <br /> Armed clashes with the British, Dutch, and Japanese remained at a low level for the next two months until rumours that the Dutch were about to attempt a landing started spreading among the locals. On 3 March 1946, thousands of armed ''pemuda'' surrounded the palace in [[Tanjungbalai (city)|Tanjung Balai]] in response to the wide dissemination of reports that claimed that the ''kerajaan'' had formed a ''Comité van Ontvangst'' (reception committee) to welcome the Dutch.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=230}} The outbreak of violence between the ''kerajaan'' and the armed ''pemuda'' hence marked the start of the 1946 East Sumatra Social Revolution.<br /> <br /> == East Sumatra Social Revolution: 3 March 1946 ==<br /> On 3 March 1946, thousands of armed men assembled to oppose the big sultanates after hearing the rumours that the Dutch were returning. Violence and bloodshed was involved, where seven princes, ninety aristocrats (in Langkat) and countless officials from native states were killed.{{sfn|Ariffin|1993|p=64}} The Sultan of Langkat's daughters were raped and poet [[Amir Hamzah|Tengku Amir Hamzah]] was killed on 9 March by the ''Pemuda'' (young Japanese-trained militant) leaders and many Malay farmers were forced to give up their plantation land that they had acquired under the Dutch to be redistributed for those former plantation workers and non-Malay farmers (mostly Javanese). The militants under the leadership of PESINDO (''Pemuda Sosialis Indonesia''), the [[Indonesian Communist Party]], and the [[Indonesian National Party]] attacked almost all of the Malay aristocrats. The wives and children of the aristocrat families were interned and their houses were ransacked for treasure by the ''Pemuda''. The sympathy that Malay aristocrats had for the Dutch and the threats that they represented to the independence of Indonesia were commonly seen as the two main reasons for the occurrence of this violent event.<br /> <br /> ==={{anchor|Main objectives}}Main objectives===<br /> There were three main objectives associated with the revolution that involved different groups of people: firstly, to seize Malay aristocrats and their principal supporters so as to thwart their plans for the return of the Dutch; secondly, gain control of ''kerajaan'' the Malay sultanates' wealth in order to sustain the expenses for the national struggle and thirdly, to exercise political and societal changes in accordance to the Marxist intellectuals who were involved in the event.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=230}}<br /> <br /> ==={{anchor|Causes}}Causes===<br /> The 1946 East Sumatra social revolution was an outcome of class, ideological, and ethnic tensions that had accumulated over several decades. Since the Dutch colonial period, the region's demographics, socio-political structure, and economic system had undergone great changes. Many locals, especially those of the low and middle classed, who were consistently suppressed under the hierarchy system, became highly dissatisfied with the ''kerajaan'' hierarchy and the Dutch. The national revolution also reflected a great diversity of interests from almost all sections of Sumatran society and several complex issues behind the fight for independence in East Sumatra.<br /> <br /> ==== Political causes ====<br /> [[File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM De prinsen van Deli Langkat en Serdang TMnr 10001178.jpg|thumbnail|right|alt=Three men in ceremonial dress|Malay princes of East Sumatra from the Royal Houses of Deli, Langkat and Serdang]]<br /> <br /> By 1942, the Dutch, who were accountable to the Netherlands East Indies government in Batavia, were holding on to majority of the administrative power in the region. A feudal government was formed over the four primary sultanates in the region ([[Sultanate of Langkat|Langkat]], [[Sultanate of Serdang|Serdang]], [[Sultanate of Deli|Deli]], and [[Asahan Sultanate|Asahan]]) and ''kerajaan'' before (and after) the arrival of the Dutch,{{sfn|Kahin|1985|p=113}} Under Dutch rule, the kingdoms and principalities were absorbed into a centralised political structure and these indigenous elites were included in the administration (which they shared with the Dutch) of the region.{{sfn|Kahin|1985|p=113}} Consequently, both the Dutch and Malay aristocrats were able to use their political power to launch policies that suppressed the rights of the commoners. Opposition to the Dutch repression and Malay aristocracy then began to arise among ordinary people. On 3 March 1946, thousands of armed ''pemuda'' surrounded the palace in [[Tanjungbalai (city)|Tanjung Balai]] in response to the wide dissemination of reports that claimed that the ''kerajaan'' had formed a ''Comité van Ontvangst'' (reception committee) to welcome the Dutch.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=230}}<br /> <br /> In the late February 1946, Major Ferguson, part of British intelligence, was closely linked with political machinations in East Sumatra. The sultan of Deli had armed British protection and allowed his state to become a stronghold of British Intelligence. A rumour circulated that the sultans of East Sumatra proposed to form a dominion within British Malaya. The dominion proposal was created to elicit hostility from the pemuda. After it was circulated, British authorities ignored the suggestion. Then, the sultans returned into cooperation with the Dutch. Major Ferguson and the acting governor of East Sumatra, Dr Amir, visited places in East Sumatra and returned to Medan on 2 March 1946.{{Sfn|Poulgrain||5=1998|pp=41–43}}<br /> <br /> Either Comité van Ontvangst to welcome the Dutch or British dominion proposal were anathema to the ''pemuda''. For the ''pemuda'', ''kerajaan'' symbolised colonial injustice. Whether under Dutch or British masters, ''kerajaan'' would remain elitist and become executive of foreign oppression. This would lead to immediate demand of retribution.{{Sfn|Poulgrain||5=1998|pp=|p=42}}<br /> <br /> ==== Socio-economic causes ====<br /> Apart from political causes, labour policies were also implemented to sustain the economy of the region. Large numbers of foreign labourers were brought in from China and Java to meet the strong demand for labour in East Sumatra's plantation economy (which made up 64 percent of economic production). &quot;In the case of the plantation economy in this region, this foreign labour was predominantly from the relatively overcrowded island of Java: by the 1930s, 43 percent of the population was 'Javanese'.&quot;{{sfn|Kipp|1996|p=46}} In addition to the Chinese and Javanese (who numbered about 192,000 and 590,000, respectively during the 1930s), the economy also attracted migrants from other parts of the Dutch East Indies. As a result, the percentages of the three main indigenous communities: the Malays, Karo, and Simalungun in the region were significantly reduced.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=43}} The changes in social structure prompted anxiety among the people of East Sumatra.<br /> <br /> The change in the socio-economic landscape also resulted in stark class differences within East Sumatran society. In the 1930s, many farmers of the tobacco area (Deli-Serdang-Langkat) were told to cultivate smaller areas while the Malay sultans, [[Simalungun people|Simalungun]], and [[Karo people (Indonesia)|Karo]] ''rajas'' benefited from preferential treatment by the Dutch in terms of land leasing.{{sfn|Dick|2002|p=103}} Those aristocrats were able to accumulate significant wealth by &quot;leas[ing] wide tracts of land, the disposal rights over which frequently had lain traditionally with the village, to foreign companies...&quot; and seizing most of the profits.{{sfn|Kahin|1970|p=179}} Eventually, most of the rural masses went to seek help from local political parties such as GERINDO (''Gerakan Rakyat Indonesia'') and the [[Great Indonesia Party]] (''Partai Indonesia Raya'') so as to make their grievances heard. The feelings of dissatisfaction that rural farmers had against the aristocrats then became a form of support for these political parties.<br /> <br /> ==={{anchor|Leaders involved in the revolution}}Leaders involved in the revolution===<br /> There were a few groups of leaders that were involved in the revolution and all of them may be distinguished by differences in class, social mobility, nationalist seniority, and ideology.<br /> <br /> Firstly, educated Indonesians who were sympathetic to the ideology of nationalism were involved in the revolution. Most of them received tertiary education and have adopted Western values and practices in their daily life. The connections with the traditional aristocratic families did not manage to stop these people from having strong beliefs in nationalism. Ultimately, they recognized that the presence of ''kerajaan'' might be one of the hindrances for East Sumatran society to achieve full liberalization.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=}} Members of this particular group were local governors and regional deputy governors such as [[Teuku Muhammad Hasan]] and Mohammad Amir.<br /> <br /> Besides, there was also another group of leaders who shared a similar ideology of nationalism. Unlike those mentioned earlier, this group of leaders were actively involved with nationalist movements before the Pacific War.{{sfn|Palazzo|p=}} Most of them used to collaborate with the Japanese occupiers as administrative personnel and they were motivated to join this revolution so as to promote the political ideology of nationalism as well as to continue their leadership during the post-war period.<br /> <br /> Secondly, locals who rose to prominence after undergoing military training in Japanese military organisations during the period of Japanese occupation were also responsible for the revolution. These &quot;people's volunteer armies&quot; were equipped with rich military experiences and that has imbued them with a deeper commitment to radical nationalism. Eventually, some of them became militia leaders in the earlier phase of the social revolution.{{sfn|Kahin|1999|p=99}} Many scholars including Anthony Reid and Mohammad Said have highlighted the importance of these people in initiating and executing the 1946 social revolution in East Sumatra.{{sfn|Said|1973|pp=145–186}}{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=}}<br /> <br /> Thirdly, Muslim reformist forces were involved in Islamic movements to resist against the ''kerajaan'' and Malay aristocrats. Supporters of the Islamic movements had faced oppression by the sultans who claimed that they were advocating an Islam that was different from the Malay orientation. In order to protect their own religious interests, these anti-''kerajaan'' activists came together to fight against the Malay elites.{{sfn|Ariffin|1993|p=85}}<br /> <br /> ==Aftermath==<br /> === East Sumatra ===<br /> {{Main|East Sumatra}}<br /> [[File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Spandoeken tijdens het bezoek van de Wali Negara Sumatera Timur aan Pematangsiantar TMnr 60024766.jpg|thumbnail|right|alt=Large crowd, holding banners|NST supporters]]<br /> The revolutionaries, including the armed ''Pemuda'', were able to fight the Dutch return with a common unifying goal in 1945, but there were insufficient resources to last through a longer period than 1947. The Dutch return during the second half of 1947 had to rely on the support from Malay aristocrats, especially when it was facing tougher guerrilla opposition after the ceasefire. In addition to Malay support for the reinstatement of Dutch rule, representatives of other groups expressed similar concerns (some Toba leaders and the Chinese community, in particular; these groups had benefited economically from Dutch rule). The Chinese community, who were economically advantaged, were also targeted by the ''pemuda'' and their property was seized.{{sfn|Dick|2002|p=103}} In this uncertain milieu, the Chinese community saw the British and Dutch colonial forces as protectors.<br /> <br /> The East Sumatra Union (''Persatuan Sumatera Timur'') had been formed in 1938 by the westernized Malay elites to reassert Malay and Simalungun ethnic interests through support from the Dutch. With the support of these Malays, the Dutch attempted to establish a federal Indonesia consisting of a Dutch-supported State of East Sumara ({{lang-id|Negara Sumatera Timur}}, NST).{{sfn|Langenberg|1982|pp=1–30}} The threat felt by the Chinese also motivated them to co-operate with the Malay aristocrats, most of the Simalungun rajas, some Karo chieftains and the Dutch in creating the NST. Dr Tengku Mansur (a member of the Asahan royal family) was selected as head of state and the NST lasted from December 1947 to August 1950. While the Dutch wanted the NST to be seen as an orderly and progressive alternative to the republic, the western-educated aristocrats saw NST as a bastion for their own ethnic interests.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=}} The NST began to disintegrate as soon as Dutch military support was withdrawn. The short-lived state was viewed with suspicion, and Dr Tengku Mansur eventually surrendered authority to the republic in August 1950,{{sfn|Reid|1971|pp=21–46}} which backed by military for the stability framework.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Consequently, East Sumatra was merged into a larger province of [[North Sumatra]], where it has remained till today.<br /> <br /> === Malaya ===<br /> The demise of the sultans in East Sumatra was the turning point in British Malaya. This was politically motivating Malayan Malay against the [[Parti Kebangsaan Melayu Malaya|Malay Nationalist Party]] (MNP) which was Tan Malaka allies. During March 1946, [[United Malays National Organisation]] (UMNO) went with full support of Malay sultans as their inactivity would lead to similar fate as their relatives in East Sumatra. From August to Novem­ber 1946, UMNO was in negotiation with British while MNP was excluded. The rise of UMNO gave political voice for the popular support commanded by the conservative elite, inseparable to events in Indonesia, and has been beneficial for long-term British presence.{{Sfn|Poulgrain|1998|pp=44–45}}<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> *[[Indonesian National Revolution]]<br /> *[[History of Indonesia]]<br /> <br /> ==Notes==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Ariffin| first = Omar | title = Bangsa Melayu: Malay Concepts of Democracy and Community 1945–1950|language = id | publisher = Oxford University Press|location = Oxford| year = 1993| isbn = 0195886135 }}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Ariffin| first = Omar | title = Revolusi Indonesia dan Bangsa Melayu: Runtuhnya Kerajaan-Kerajaan Melayu Sumatera Timur Pada Tahun 1946|language = id |publisher = Koperasi Kedai Buku Universiti Sains Malaysia Sdn Bhd|location = Pulau Pinang | year = 1999| isbn = 983861193X}}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Dick| first = H.W. | title = The Emergence of a National Economy : An Economic History of Indonesia, 1800-2000| publisher = Asian Studies Association of Australia in association with Allen &amp; Unwin|location = Australia| year = 2002| isbn = 9781741150209}}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Kahin| first = Audrey R.| title = Regional Dynamics of the Indonesian Revolution: Unity From Diversity| publisher = University of Hawaii Press|location = United States| year = 1985| isbn = 0824809823}}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Kahin | first = George McTurnan | title = Nationalism and Revolution in Indonesia | publisher = Cornell University Press | year = 1970 | isbn = 0-8014-9108-8 }}<br /> * {{cite book |last1=Kahin |first1=Audrey |title=Rebellion to Integration: West Sumatra and the Indonesian Polity |date=1999 |publisher=Amsterdam University Press |location=Amsterdam |isbn=9053563954}}<br /> *{{Cite book| last = Kipp| first = Rita Smith| title = Dissociated Identities: Ethnicity, Religion and Class in an Indonesian Society| publisher = University of Michigan Press| location = Ann Arbor| year = 1996| isbn = 047208402X| url-access = registration| url = https://archive.org/details/dissociatedident00rita_0}}<br /> *{{cite book|last1=Bertrand|first1=Jacques|last2=Laliberte|first2=Ander|title=Multination States in Asia: Accommodation or Resistance <br /> |date=2010|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge|isbn=978-0511750755|page=34}}<br /> *{{cite journal | last = Langenberg| first = Michael. van. | title = Class and Ethnic Conflict in Indonesian's Decolonization Process: A Study of East Sumatra| publisher = Cornell University: Indonesia Southeast Asia Program Publications|journal=Indonesia |volume= 33|issue=33 |pages=1–30 |date=April 1982| doi = 10.2307/3350925 | jstor = 3350925 |url=https://ecommons.cornell.edu/bitstream/handle/1813/53737/INDO_33_0_1107016894_1_30.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y}}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = McMillan| first = Richard| title = The British Occupation of Indonesia, 1945-1946: Britain, the Netherlands and the Indonesian revolution| publisher = Routledge|location = New York| year = 2005}}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Milner| first = Anthony| title = The Malays| publisher = Blackwell Publishing Ltd|location = United Kingdom | year = 2011| isbn = 978-1444339031 }}<br /> *{{cite web|last=Palazzo|first=Albert|title=The Netherlands East Indies and the Pacific War|url=http://www.awm.gov.au/exhibitions/alliesinadversity/essay/index.asp|work=Allies in Adversity. Australia and the Dutch in the Pacific War|publisher=Australian War Memorial}}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Poulgrain| first = Greg| title = The Genesis of Konfrontasi: Malaysia, Brunei and Indonesia 1945–1965| publisher = Crawford House Publishing Pty Ltd|location = Australia| year = 1998| isbn = 1850655138}}<br /> *{{cite journal|last1=Reid|first1=Anthony|title=The Birth of the Republic in Sumatra |journal=Indonesia |date=1971 | volume=12 |issue=Oct |url=https://ecommons.cornell.edu/bitstream/handle/1813/53522/INDO_12_0_1107125075_21_46.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y |pages=21–46|doi=10.2307/3350656|jstor=3350656 }}<br /> *{{Cite book |last=Reid |first=Anthony |url=https://brill.com/view/title/23090 |title=An Indonesian Frontier: Acehnese and Other Histories of Sumatra |date= |publisher=[[Brill]] |year=2004 |isbn=978-90-04-48655-3 |doi=10.1163/9789004486553_018}}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Reid | first = Anthony| title = An Indonesian Frontier: Acehnese and Other Histories of Sumatra| publisher = Singapore University Press|location= Singapore| year = 2005| isbn = 9971692988}}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Reid | first = Anthony| author-link = Anthony Reid | title = The Blood of the People: Revolution &amp; the End of Traditional Rule in Northern Sumatra | publisher = NUS Press | year = 2014 | location = Singapore | isbn = 978-9971-69-637-5 }}<br /> *{{cite journal | last = Said| first = H. Mohammed | title = What was the Social Revolution of 1946 in East Sumatra| publisher = Cornell University: Indonesia Southeast Asia Program Publications|journal=Indonesia |volume= 15|issue=15 |pages=145–186 |date=April 1973| doi = 10.2307/3350795 | jstor = 3350795 | hdl = 1813/53556 |url= https://ecommons.cornell.edu/bitstream/handle/1813/53556/INDO_15_0_1107128614_145_186.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y}}<br /> *{{Cite journal |last1=Sutherland |first1=Heather |last2=van Goor |first2=J. |year=1986 |title=The Indonesian Revolution: A Review |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3351190 |journal=Indonesia |volume=42 |issue=42 |pages=113–118 |doi=10.2307/3351190|jstor=3351190 |hdl=1813/53847 |hdl-access=free}}<br /> <br /> {{Indonesian National Revolution}}<br /> [[Category:Massacres of the Indonesian National Revolution]]<br /> [[Category:Massacres committed by Indonesia]]<br /> [[Category:1940s in Indonesia]]<br /> [[Category:Massacres in 1946]]<br /> [[Category:Political and cultural purges]]<br /> [[Category:Regicides]]</div> Xbypass https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=East_Sumatra_revolution&diff=1239215718 East Sumatra revolution 2024-08-07T23:41:36Z <p>Xbypass: </p> <hr /> <div>{{History of Indonesia}}<br /> {{Campaignbox Indonesian National Revolution}}<br /> {{EngvarB|date=September 2013}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2013}}<br /> <br /> The '''East Sumatra revolution''', also known as the '''East Sumatra social revolution''' ({{Lang|id|Revolusi Sosial Sumatera Timur}}), began on 3 March 1946. Across 25 &quot;native states&quot;, many sultanates were overthrown and mass killing of members of the aristocratic families were performed by armed ''pergerakan'' groups (Indonesian nationalists).{{sfn|Said|1973|p=}} To the opportunistic ''pergerakan'' militants (especially [[Communist Party of Indonesia]] leaders [[Abdoe'lxarim M. S.]] and Luat Siregar), the revolutionary movement was seen as one of the means for East Sumatra to be freed from colonial overlordship and to join the larger [[Indonesian National Revolution]].{{sfn|Kahin|1970|p=180}} Participants of the revolution were believed to be provoked by leaders to kill aristocrats and create violence. These belligerents had three prime objectives: to eliminate the sultans and aristocrats (who were seen as Dutch allies), to seize their wealth (as sources of funding for the Indonesian independence campaign) and to eliminate the region's feudal social structure.{{sfn|Reid|2005|p=328}} The revolution brought about the formation of the [[State of East Sumatra]], which was dissolved when the region became part of the Indonesian republic.<br /> <br /> ==Background==<br /> The Dutch subjugated the Minangkabau of Sumatra in the [[Padri War]] and the [[Dutch expedition on the west coast of Sumatra]] occurred. There followed the [[conquest of the Aceh Sultanate]] of Sumatra.<br /> <br /> East Sumatra during colonial period was dominated by plantation with workers from diverse ethnicities. This was exploited by capitalism of European and benefit for local aristocratic group such as local chiefs and sultans. As government power became unstable because of Japanese occupation, tension between ethnicities and social class erupted.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Sutherland |first1=Heather |last2=van Goor |first2=J. |year=1986 |title=The Indonesian Revolution: A Review |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3351190 |journal=Indonesia |volume=42 |issue=42 |pages=113–118 |doi=10.2307/3351190|jstor=3351190 |hdl=1813/53847 |hdl-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === East Sumatra under the Dutch (1930s–1942) ===<br /> <br /> ==== {{anchor|Ethnic tensions}}Ethnic tensions ====<br /> [[File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM De Raja van Dolok met zijn gevolg Simeloengoen TMnr 10001725.jpg|thumbnail|right|alt=Seated raja, surrounded by other men|Simalungun king with his entourage]]<br /> The influx of Chinese, Javanese, and other ethnic immigrants to the region during the 1930s gave rise to several official associations associated with the kingdom to identify certain customary elements to form the cultural core of the East Sumatra society.{{sfn|Ariffin|1999|p=}} Even though the [[Karo people (Indonesia)|Karo]], [[Malays (ethnic group)|Malays]], and [[Simalungun people]]s were all recognised as indigenous communities in the region, the royalty and associations chose to emphasize more on preserving the Malay cultural identity. Special privileges were granted to the Malays (such as accessing to plantation land) by the Dutch and the social status of the Malays appeared to be much higher than the other indigenous communities in East Sumatra. As a result, members of the other two indigenous communities as well as the other locals felt this was unfair and that resulted in unwanted ethnic tensions. An increasing number of locals began to disagree with the Dutch and the Malay aristocrats due to the bias that these elites had towards the Malays.<br /> <br /> ==== {{anchor|Religious divisions and Islamic movements}}Religious divisions and Islamic movements ====<br /> Another division between the Malays and the two groups was religion, whereby the Malays were mostly Muslims and majority of the [[Karo people (Indonesia)]] and [[Simalungun]] were Christians or animists. Despite being the third-largest group in the 1930s, the Javanese, in particular the [[Abangan]], were perceived by the Malays to have a lower social status and their practice of Islam was seen to be nominal. The Malays were usually regarded as the traditional protectors of Islam by the authorities and the other Muslim reformist forces who advocated an Islam different from the Malay orientation were seen as threats to the authority of the sultans. The former was known as the Kaum Tua (old group) and the latter as the Kaum Muda (young group, reformist) who &quot;...sought to free the Islamic communities from superstitious beliefs.&quot;.{{sfn|Ariffin|1993|p=85}}<br /> <br /> There were two major modernist Islamic movements launched by the ''Kaum Muda'': firstly, the [[Muhammadiyah]] movement that involved conflicts over religious texts and teachings and secondly, the Jamiatul Wasliyah organization which shared common interests with Muhammadiah. Even though the ''Kuam Muda'' presented themselves as “non-political” Islamic leaders, the ''kerajaan'' still regarded those organizations with hostility and decided to support the ''Kuam Tua'' instead. Hence, the Malays were said to claim dominance in both political and cultural spheres, which led to resentment of the Malay aristocratic class and Malays in general.{{sfn|Kahin|1985|p=116}}<br /> <br /> ==== {{anchor|The political movement}}The political movement ====<br /> During the late 1930s, the national movements led by the ''pergerakan'' were developing rapidly among urban and educated sections of the Indonesian community.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=}} One example was the East Sumatra Association, which was created in 1938 by Dutch-educated Malays and was later led by Dr Tengku Mansur (who was connected to the ''Asahan'' royal family). The political association aimed to improve the social status of East Sumatran natives, including [[Simalungun people]] and [[Karo people (Indonesia)]]. The national movement then slowly reached out to small farmers of the tobacco-growing area, which eventually provided the rudiments of an important rural base for the two nationalist parties, ''GERINDO'' and ''PARINDRA'' in East Sumatra. Besides raising voices that disagreed with the Dutch repression and Malay aristocracy, the two parties also played important roles in initiating and mobilizing resources to support the 1946 East Sumatra social revolution.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=}} Moderate members of ''PARINDRA'' even took the initiative to form a ''Comité Indonesia'' in an attempt to present a united ''pergerakan'' front to the Japanese. They were motivated to launch a new Indonesian-controlled administration with the support from the Japanese. However, the garnering of support from the Japanese did not work out well because the priority of the Japanese was to obtain the oil and plantation produce from East Sumatra rather than making any significant political changes to the existing government structures.{{sfn|Kahin|1999|p=95}} Furthermore, the policies adopted by the Japanese were seen as a continuance of Dutch support for the ''kerajaan'' that caused nationalists to hold stronger negative feelings towards the Sultans and Malay aristocrats.<br /> <br /> === East Sumatra during the Japanese occupation (1942–early 1945) ===<br /> {{See also|Invasion of Sumatra (1942)}}<br /> [[File:Japanese_Occupation_of_Sumatra,_1942.jpg|thumb|right|Japanese paratroopers during the invasion of Sumatra in February 1942]]<br /> During the occupation, the Japanese implemented policies that were perceived as a continuance of Dutch support for the ''kerajaan''. Under the policies, the ''kerajaan'' were able to gain access to various incomes, titles, and religious authority that they used to have in the 1930s.{{sfn|Kahin|1999|p=95}} However, Japanese used available fragmentation between the ''pergerakan'' and the ''kerajaan''.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Reid |first=Anthony |url=https://brill.com/view/title/23090 |title=An Indonesian Frontier: Acehnese and Other Histories of Sumatra |date=2004-01-01 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-48655-3 |doi=10.1163/9789004486553_018}}&lt;/ref&gt; The regaining of Malay aristocrats’ power during the Japanese Occupation resulted in suppression of the peasant community in East Sumatra. Many Japanese officials managed to exploit food and labour supplies from the peasantry through the ''kerajaan'' hierarchy and that had increased the amount of economic pressure faced by the farming population of East Sumatra.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=}} Consequently, the credibility of those traditional, nationalists and religious leaders, who were assigned by the Japanese, was severely damaged. A new leadership was then formed by a group of ''pemuda'' (youth) who had received their formative education under the Japanese military groups (''Giyūgun'', ''[[Heiho]]'' and ''[[Tokubetsu Keisatsutai|Tokkeitai]]''). The military training guided by Japanese ethics and values fanned their nationalism and motivated them to defend their lands.{{sfn|Kahin|1999|p=118}} These Japanese-trained ''pemuda'' then took on active roles in fighting against the Dutch and Malay sultans during the 1946 East Sumatra Social Revolution.<br /> <br /> === Allied landings, local struggles and period of uncertainty (late 1945–1946) ===<br /> After the Japanese surrendered, the independence of Indonesia was [[Proclamation of Indonesian Independence|declared]] in Jakarta and [[Sukarno]] was chosen as the president of a new republic. Sumatra was then declared to be a province of the new republic and Medan was chosen as its capital.{{sfn|Bertrand|Laliberte|2010|p=34}} Despite this, many leaders were worried about the possibility of the Dutch returning and of the Malay and Batak aristocrats regaining their former power. <br /> <br /> From 21 August, leaflets were sent to Sumatra on Netherlands Indies Civil Administration. Japanese surrender was publicly announced on 22 August. On 25 August, Naval Lt. Brondgeest and Dutch-dominated unit landed near Pangkalan Brandan. Brondgeest, by 1 September, had been established base in Medan and contact with Japanese, Sultan of Deli, Sultan of Langkat, and other cooperative natives. This cooperative native asked for some reforms. Brondgeest decided to act independently from British and Japanese with local Ambonese and Menadonese as police force to control Medan and Republican movement. The Muslim fast was ended on 7 August and celebrated by mending relation with pro-Dutch peoples. On 14 September, Lt. Westerling and 3 others who were part of Dutch commando entered Medan to equip the police force.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; <br /> <br /> Many of the Japanese-trained unemployed ''pemuda'' of ex-Giyugun were then recruited by [[Abdoe'lxarim M. S.]] – the executor of the former ''Badan Oentoek Membantor Pertahanan Asia'' (Body for Assisting the Defence of Asia / BOMPA) property, who fed them BOMPA rice-stocks, and were then organised into a broader ''Persatuan Pemuda Latihan'' (Trained Youth Association) which include police, soldiers, and officials. On 23 September, the senior ex-Giyugun officer, First Lieutenant Achmad Tahir issued a meeting for all Japanese-trained Pemuda in ''Asrama Rensheikei''. Among these groups, some had contact with 'underground' groups with pre-war left wing experience. These groups include Karo group under the leaderships of Selamat Ginting, Tama Ginting, and Rakutta Sembiring Brahmana, and an &quot;anti-fascist&quot; group under Nathar Zainuddin a veteran islamist communist, which include [[Urbanus Pardede]], Bustami, Joenoes Nasution, and Marzuki Lubis. They plan to contact with Aminuddin Nazir of Inoue's coastal guard and by evening ''Badan Pemuda Indonesia'' or BPI was formed under Achmad Tahir as First Chairman.{{sfn|Reid|2014|pp=154-155}} Before the landings of the Allied (British) forces, these young ''pemuda'' were actively propagating information about the republic. They persuaded the senior Indonesian officials to resist the Japanese, the Dutch and Malay aristocrats. Therefore, these ''pemuda'' were seen as very nationalistic, eager to resist the return of the Dutch, and unsympathetic to the various ''kerajaan''.&quot;{{sfn|Ariffin|1993|p=85}} On 6 October, new Sultan of Deli who was known for his skeptic of Republic was installed.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; By 10 October 1945, ''[[Tentara Keamanan Rakyat]]'' or TKR of East Sumatra was formed with Achmad Tahir as Commander, Soetjipto as Chief-of-Staff, Capt. Hotman Sitoempul in Siantar, Lt. Martinus Lubis in Brastagi, and Lt. Djamin Ginting in Kabanjahe.{{sfn|Reid|2014|pp=161-162}}<br /> <br /> The initial landings of Allied forces (the British) and the Dutch, were not opposed by ''pemuda'' troops as Governor [[Teuku Muhammad Hasan|Hasan]] followed official republican policies of cooperating with the Allied. The flashpoint in Medan was the former Pensiun Wilhelmina in Jalan Bali, Medan, which was used as hostel and housed Westerling's ex-KNIL troops of mainly Ambonese. On 13 October 1945, supposedly an incident happened where one of the Dutch sentries torn off and trampled a red and white pin worn by a child. An angry crowd began to gather and fighting began, resulting several wounded. Two Dutchman fired into the crowd from a car killing an Indonesian. Japanese troops arrived alongside TKR under Achmad Tahir and managed to calm the crowd. The crowd dispersed at 1.30 p.m., with two Indonesians and one Ambonese woman were killed in the fighting.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=159}} However two hours later, ''pemuda'' returned, leaving six killed and about 100 wounded among the Ambonese and Menadonese. The Dutchman in charge of the hotel and a swiss family were killed as a result. The attack spread to [[Pematangsiantar]], and on 15 October, a five-man detachment under Brondgeest who was sent to Siantar Hotel to check on Japanese troop concentrated there was attacked. The hotel was besieged and burned, killing all the Dutch soldiers, ten Ambonese soldiers, two ''pemuda'' and four Swiss who managed the hotel. These marked the beginning of [[Battle of Medan]], between republican troops of TKR under Achmad Tahir as well as various ''pemuda'' affiliated with semi-criminal Medan underworld and Allied forces under T.E.D Kelly.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=162}}<br /> <br /> On 18 October 1945, the control of Medan became the responsibility of the British, immediately after official orders were issued by Republican leaders for ''pemuda'' to surrender their weapons to the British troops.{{sfn|Kahin|1999|p=243}} Nonetheless, the ''pemuda'' of East Sumatra managed to acquire some weapons that were left over by Japanese soldiers after the surrender and used them to confront the British in the south of Medan on 10 December 1945.{{sfn|McMillan|2005|p=}} A strong sense of contingency was said to be present in the British policy as the political circumstances in Indonesia forced them to make decisions that were seemingly neither pro-Dutch nor pro-Indonesian,{{sfn|McMillan|2005|p=}} although British intelligence manipulated events to pressure the (British) Malay monarchs for political initiatives in order to avoid being revolutionary targets.{{Sfn|Poulgrain|1998|pp=42–48}} Tensions between the Dutch and British modes of operation as well as the strong resistance from Indonesian nationalists resulted in low British morale throughout the post-war British occupation.{{sfn|McMillan|2005|p=}} After consultation with General Chambers in Padang, on 26 October Kelly disarmed and disbanded Ambonese forces under [[Raymond Westerling|Westerling]] and Brondgeest, and the Dutch detainees were again guarded by Japanese forces. Only Westerling remained behind at Kelly's request to put his terrorist tactics to work with the British.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=161}} British commander published on 24 December 1945 his intent to recognise TKR as official peacekeeper outside of Medan and British would give weapons (rubber-for-weapons) for some republican within Medan after rubber smuggling from Sumatra to Singapore in the period February-April 1946.{{Sfn|Poulgrain|1998|pp=40–41}}<br /> <br /> Armed clashes with the British, Dutch, and Japanese remained at a low level for the next two months until rumours that the Dutch were about to attempt a landing started spreading among the locals. On 3 March 1946, thousands of armed ''pemuda'' surrounded the palace in [[Tanjungbalai (city)|Tanjung Balai]] in response to the wide dissemination of reports that claimed that the ''kerajaan'' had formed a ''Comité van Ontvangst'' (reception committee) to welcome the Dutch.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=230}} The outbreak of violence between the ''kerajaan'' and the armed ''pemuda'' hence marked the start of the 1946 East Sumatra Social Revolution.<br /> <br /> == East Sumatra Social Revolution: 3 March 1946 ==<br /> On 3 March 1946, thousands of armed men assembled to oppose the big sultanates after hearing the rumours that the Dutch were returning. Violence and bloodshed was involved, where seven princes, ninety aristocrats (in Langkat) and countless officials from native states were killed.{{sfn|Ariffin|1993|p=64}} The Sultan of Langkat's daughters were raped and poet [[Amir Hamzah|Tengku Amir Hamzah]] was killed on 9 March by the ''Pemuda'' (young Japanese-trained militant) leaders and many Malay farmers were forced to give up their plantation land that they had acquired under the Dutch to be redistributed for those former plantation workers and non-Malay farmers (mostly Javanese). The militants under the leadership of PESINDO (''Pemuda Sosialis Indonesia''), the [[Indonesian Communist Party]], and the [[Indonesian National Party]] attacked almost all of the Malay aristocrats. The wives and children of the aristocrat families were interned and their houses were ransacked for treasure by the ''Pemuda''. The sympathy that Malay aristocrats had for the Dutch and the threats that they represented to the independence of Indonesia were commonly seen as the two main reasons for the occurrence of this violent event.<br /> <br /> ==={{anchor|Main objectives}}Main objectives===<br /> There were three main objectives associated with the revolution that involved different groups of people: firstly, to seize Malay aristocrats and their principal supporters so as to thwart their plans for the return of the Dutch; secondly, gain control of ''kerajaan'' the Malay sultanates' wealth in order to sustain the expenses for the national struggle and thirdly, to exercise political and societal changes in accordance to the Marxist intellectuals who were involved in the event.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=230}}<br /> <br /> ==={{anchor|Causes}}Causes===<br /> The 1946 East Sumatra social revolution was an outcome of class, ideological, and ethnic tensions that had accumulated over several decades. Since the Dutch colonial period, the region's demographics, socio-political structure, and economic system had undergone great changes. Many locals, especially those of the low and middle classed, who were consistently suppressed under the hierarchy system, became highly dissatisfied with the ''kerajaan'' hierarchy and the Dutch. The national revolution also reflected a great diversity of interests from almost all sections of Sumatran society and several complex issues behind the fight for independence in East Sumatra.<br /> <br /> ==== Political causes ====<br /> [[File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM De prinsen van Deli Langkat en Serdang TMnr 10001178.jpg|thumbnail|right|alt=Three men in ceremonial dress|Malay princes of East Sumatra from the Royal Houses of Deli, Langkat and Serdang]]<br /> <br /> By 1942, the Dutch, who were accountable to the Netherlands East Indies government in Batavia, were holding on to majority of the administrative power in the region. A feudal government was formed over the four primary sultanates in the region ([[Sultanate of Langkat|Langkat]], [[Sultanate of Serdang|Serdang]], [[Sultanate of Deli|Deli]], and [[Asahan Sultanate|Asahan]]) and ''kerajaan'' before (and after) the arrival of the Dutch,{{sfn|Kahin|1985|p=113}} Under Dutch rule, the kingdoms and principalities were absorbed into a centralised political structure and these indigenous elites were included in the administration (which they shared with the Dutch) of the region.{{sfn|Kahin|1985|p=113}} Consequently, both the Dutch and Malay aristocrats were able to use their political power to launch policies that suppressed the rights of the commoners. Opposition to the Dutch repression and Malay aristocracy then began to arise among ordinary people. On 3 March 1946, thousands of armed ''pemuda'' surrounded the palace in [[Tanjungbalai (city)|Tanjung Balai]] in response to the wide dissemination of reports that claimed that the ''kerajaan'' had formed a ''Comité van Ontvangst'' (reception committee) to welcome the Dutch.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=230}}<br /> <br /> In the late February 1946, Major Ferguson, part of British intelligence, was closely linked with political machinations in East Sumatra. The sultan of Deli had armed British protection and allowed his state to become a stronghold of British Intelligence. A rumour circulated that the sultans of East Sumatra proposed to form a dominion within British Malaya. The dominion proposal was created to elicit hostility from the pemuda. After it was circulated, British authorities ignored the suggestion. Then, the sultans returned into cooperation with the Dutch. Major Ferguson and the acting governor of East Sumatra, Dr Amir, visited places in East Sumatra and returned to Medan on 2 March 1946.{{Sfn|Poulgrain||5=1998|pp=41–43}}<br /> <br /> Either Comité van Ontvangst to welcome the Dutch or British dominion proposal were anathema to the ''pemuda''. For the ''pemuda'', ''kerajaan'' symbolised colonial injustice. Whether under Dutch or British masters, ''kerajaan'' would remain elitist and become executive of foreign oppression. This would lead to immediate demand of retribution.{{Sfn|Poulgrain||5=1998|pp=|p=42}}<br /> <br /> ==== Socio-economic causes ====<br /> Apart from political causes, labour policies were also implemented to sustain the economy of the region. Large numbers of foreign labourers were brought in from China and Java to meet the strong demand for labour in East Sumatra's plantation economy (which made up 64 percent of economic production). &quot;In the case of the plantation economy in this region, this foreign labour was predominantly from the relatively overcrowded island of Java: by the 1930s, 43 percent of the population was 'Javanese'.&quot;{{sfn|Kipp|1996|p=46}} In addition to the Chinese and Javanese (who numbered about 192,000 and 590,000, respectively during the 1930s), the economy also attracted migrants from other parts of the Dutch East Indies. As a result, the percentages of the three main indigenous communities: the Malays, Karo, and Simalungun in the region were significantly reduced.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=43}} The changes in social structure prompted anxiety among the people of East Sumatra.<br /> <br /> The change in the socio-economic landscape also resulted in stark class differences within East Sumatran society. In the 1930s, many farmers of the tobacco area (Deli-Serdang-Langkat) were told to cultivate smaller areas while the Malay sultans, [[Simalungun people|Simalungun]], and [[Karo people (Indonesia)|Karo]] ''rajas'' benefited from preferential treatment by the Dutch in terms of land leasing.{{sfn|Dick|2002|p=103}} Those aristocrats were able to accumulate significant wealth by &quot;leas[ing] wide tracts of land, the disposal rights over which frequently had lain traditionally with the village, to foreign companies...&quot; and seizing most of the profits.{{sfn|Kahin|1970|p=179}} Eventually, most of the rural masses went to seek help from local political parties such as GERINDO (''Gerakan Rakyat Indonesia'') and the [[Great Indonesia Party]] (''Partai Indonesia Raya'') so as to make their grievances heard. The feelings of dissatisfaction that rural farmers had against the aristocrats then became a form of support for these political parties.<br /> <br /> ==={{anchor|Leaders involved in the revolution}}Leaders involved in the revolution===<br /> There were a few groups of leaders that were involved in the revolution and all of them may be distinguished by differences in class, social mobility, nationalist seniority, and ideology.<br /> <br /> Firstly, educated Indonesians who were sympathetic to the ideology of nationalism were involved in the revolution. Most of them received tertiary education and have adopted Western values and practices in their daily life. The connections with the traditional aristocratic families did not manage to stop these people from having strong beliefs in nationalism. Ultimately, they recognized that the presence of ''kerajaan'' might be one of the hindrances for East Sumatran society to achieve full liberalization.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=}} Members of this particular group were local governors and regional deputy governors such as [[Teuku Muhammad Hasan]] and Mohammad Amir.<br /> <br /> Besides, there was also another group of leaders who shared a similar ideology of nationalism. Unlike those mentioned earlier, this group of leaders were actively involved with nationalist movements before the Pacific War.{{sfn|Palazzo|p=}} Most of them used to collaborate with the Japanese occupiers as administrative personnel and they were motivated to join this revolution so as to promote the political ideology of nationalism as well as to continue their leadership during the post-war period.<br /> <br /> Secondly, locals who rose to prominence after undergoing military training in Japanese military organisations during the period of Japanese occupation were also responsible for the revolution. These &quot;people's volunteer armies&quot; were equipped with rich military experiences and that has imbued them with a deeper commitment to radical nationalism. Eventually, some of them became militia leaders in the earlier phase of the social revolution.{{sfn|Kahin|1999|p=99}} Many scholars including Anthony Reid and Mohammad Said have highlighted the importance of these people in initiating and executing the 1946 social revolution in East Sumatra.{{sfn|Said|1973|pp=145–186}}{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=}}<br /> <br /> Thirdly, Muslim reformist forces were involved in Islamic movements to resist against the ''kerajaan'' and Malay aristocrats. Supporters of the Islamic movements had faced oppression by the sultans who claimed that they were advocating an Islam that was different from the Malay orientation. In order to protect their own religious interests, these anti-''kerajaan'' activists came together to fight against the Malay elites.{{sfn|Ariffin|1993|p=85}}<br /> <br /> ==Aftermath==<br /> === East Sumatra ===<br /> {{Main|East Sumatra}}<br /> [[File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Spandoeken tijdens het bezoek van de Wali Negara Sumatera Timur aan Pematangsiantar TMnr 60024766.jpg|thumbnail|right|alt=Large crowd, holding banners|NST supporters]]<br /> The revolutionaries, including the armed ''Pemuda'', were able to fight the Dutch return with a common unifying goal in 1945, but there were insufficient resources to last through a longer period than 1947. The Dutch return during the second half of 1947 had to rely on the support from Malay aristocrats, especially when it was facing tougher guerrilla opposition after the ceasefire. In addition to Malay support for the reinstatement of Dutch rule, representatives of other groups expressed similar concerns (some Toba leaders and the Chinese community, in particular; these groups had benefited economically from Dutch rule). The Chinese community, who were economically advantaged, were also targeted by the ''pemuda'' and their property was seized.{{sfn|Dick|2002|p=103}} In this uncertain milieu, the Chinese community saw the British and Dutch colonial forces as protectors.<br /> <br /> The East Sumatra Union (''Persatuan Sumatera Timur'') had been formed in 1938 by the westernized Malay elites to reassert Malay and Simalungun ethnic interests through support from the Dutch. With the support of these Malays, the Dutch attempted to establish a federal Indonesia consisting of a Dutch-supported State of East Sumara ({{lang-id|Negara Sumatera Timur}}, NST).{{sfn|Langenberg|1982|pp=1–30}} The threat felt by the Chinese also motivated them to co-operate with the Malay aristocrats, most of the Simalungun rajas, some Karo chieftains and the Dutch in creating the NST. Dr Tengku Mansur (a member of the Asahan royal family) was selected as head of state and the NST lasted from December 1947 to August 1950. While the Dutch wanted the NST to be seen as an orderly and progressive alternative to the republic, the western-educated aristocrats saw NST as a bastion for their own ethnic interests.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=}} The NST began to disintegrate as soon as Dutch military support was withdrawn. The short-lived state was viewed with suspicion, and Dr Tengku Mansur eventually surrendered authority to the republic in August 1950,{{sfn|Reid|1971|pp=21–46}} which backed by military for the stability framework.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Consequently, East Sumatra was merged into a larger province of [[North Sumatra]], where it has remained till today.<br /> <br /> === Malaya ===<br /> The demise of the sultans in East Sumatra was the turning point in British Malaya. This was politically motivating Malayan Malay against the [[Parti Kebangsaan Melayu Malaya|Malay Nationalist Party]] (MNP) which was Tan Malaka allies. During March 1946, [[United Malays National Organisation]] (UMNO) went with full support of Malay sultans as their inactivity would lead to similar fate as their relatives in East Sumatra. From August to Novem­ber 1946, UMNO was in negotiation with British while MNP was excluded. The rise of UMNO gave political voice for the popular support commanded by the conservative elite, inseparable to events in Indonesia, and has been beneficial for long-term British presence.{{Sfn|Poulgrain|1998|pp=44–45}}<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> *[[Indonesian National Revolution]]<br /> *[[History of Indonesia]]<br /> <br /> ==Notes==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Ariffin| first = Omar | title = Bangsa Melayu: Malay Concepts of Democracy and Community 1945–1950|language = id | publisher = Oxford University Press|location = Oxford| year = 1993| isbn = 0195886135 }}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Ariffin| first = Omar | title = Revolusi Indonesia dan Bangsa Melayu: Runtuhnya Kerajaan-Kerajaan Melayu Sumatera Timur Pada Tahun 1946|language = id |publisher = Koperasi Kedai Buku Universiti Sains Malaysia Sdn Bhd|location = Pulau Pinang | year = 1999| isbn = 983861193X}}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Dick| first = H.W. | title = The Emergence of a National Economy : An Economic History of Indonesia, 1800-2000| publisher = Asian Studies Association of Australia in association with Allen &amp; Unwin|location = Australia| year = 2002| isbn = 9781741150209}}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Kahin| first = Audrey R.| title = Regional Dynamics of the Indonesian Revolution: Unity From Diversity| publisher = University of Hawaii Press|location = United States| year = 1985| isbn = 0824809823}}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Kahin | first = George McTurnan | title = Nationalism and Revolution in Indonesia | publisher = Cornell University Press | year = 1970 | isbn = 0-8014-9108-8 }}<br /> * {{cite book |last1=Kahin |first1=Audrey |title=Rebellion to Integration: West Sumatra and the Indonesian Polity |date=1999 |publisher=Amsterdam University Press |location=Amsterdam |isbn=9053563954}}<br /> *{{Cite book| last = Kipp| first = Rita Smith| title = Dissociated Identities: Ethnicity, Religion and Class in an Indonesian Society| publisher = University of Michigan Press| location = Ann Arbor| year = 1996| isbn = 047208402X| url-access = registration| url = https://archive.org/details/dissociatedident00rita_0}}<br /> *{{cite book|last1=Bertrand|first1=Jacques|last2=Laliberte|first2=Ander|title=Multination States in Asia: Accommodation or Resistance <br /> |date=2010|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge|isbn=978-0511750755|page=34}}<br /> *{{cite journal | last = Langenberg| first = Michael. van. | title = Class and Ethnic Conflict in Indonesian's Decolonization Process: A Study of East Sumatra| publisher = Cornell University: Indonesia Southeast Asia Program Publications|journal=Indonesia |volume= 33|issue=33 |pages=1–30 |date=April 1982| doi = 10.2307/3350925 | jstor = 3350925 |url=https://ecommons.cornell.edu/bitstream/handle/1813/53737/INDO_33_0_1107016894_1_30.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y}}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = McMillan| first = Richard| title = The British Occupation of Indonesia, 1945-1946: Britain, the Netherlands and the Indonesian revolution| publisher = Routledge|location = New York| year = 2005}}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Milner| first = Anthony| title = The Malays| publisher = Blackwell Publishing Ltd|location = United Kingdom | year = 2011| isbn = 978-1444339031 }}<br /> *{{cite web|last=Palazzo|first=Albert|title=The Netherlands East Indies and the Pacific War|url=http://www.awm.gov.au/exhibitions/alliesinadversity/essay/index.asp|work=Allies in Adversity. Australia and the Dutch in the Pacific War|publisher=Australian War Memorial}}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Poulgrain| first = Greg| title = The Genesis of Konfrontasi: Malaysia, Brunei and Indonesia 1945–1965| publisher = Crawford House Publishing Pty Ltd|location = Australia| year = 1998| isbn = 1850655138}}<br /> *{{cite journal|last1=Reid|first1=Anthony|title=The Birth of the Republic in Sumatra |journal=Indonesia |date=1971 | volume=12 |issue=Oct |url=https://ecommons.cornell.edu/bitstream/handle/1813/53522/INDO_12_0_1107125075_21_46.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y |pages=21–46|doi=10.2307/3350656|jstor=3350656 }}<br /> *{{Cite book |last=Reid |first=Anthony |url=https://brill.com/view/title/23090 |title=An Indonesian Frontier: Acehnese and Other Histories of Sumatra |date= |publisher=[[Brill]] |year=2004 |isbn=978-90-04-48655-3 |doi=10.1163/9789004486553_018}}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Reid | first = Anthony| title = An Indonesian Frontier: Acehnese and Other Histories of Sumatra| publisher = Singapore University Press|location= Singapore| year = 2005| isbn = 9971692988}}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Reid | first = Anthony| author-link = Anthony Reid | title = The Blood of the People: Revolution &amp; the End of Traditional Rule in Northern Sumatra | publisher = NUS Press | year = 2014 | location = Singapore | isbn = 978-9971-69-637-5 }}<br /> *{{cite journal | last = Said| first = H. Mohammed | title = What was the Social Revolution of 1946 in East Sumatra| publisher = Cornell University: Indonesia Southeast Asia Program Publications|journal=Indonesia |volume= 15|issue=15 |pages=145–186 |date=April 1973| doi = 10.2307/3350795 | jstor = 3350795 | hdl = 1813/53556 |url= https://ecommons.cornell.edu/bitstream/handle/1813/53556/INDO_15_0_1107128614_145_186.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y}}<br /> *{{Cite journal |last1=Sutherland |first1=Heather |last2=van Goor |first2=J. |year=1986 |title=The Indonesian Revolution: A Review |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3351190 |journal=Indonesia |volume=42 |issue=42 |pages=113–118 |doi=10.2307/3351190|jstor=3351190 |hdl=1813/53847 |hdl-access=free}}<br /> <br /> {{Indonesian National Revolution}}<br /> [[Category:Massacres of the Indonesian National Revolution]]<br /> [[Category:Massacres committed by Indonesia]]<br /> [[Category:1940s in Indonesia]]<br /> [[Category:Massacres in 1946]]<br /> [[Category:Political and cultural purges]]<br /> [[Category:Regicides]]</div> Xbypass https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=East_Sumatra_revolution&diff=1239215404 East Sumatra revolution 2024-08-07T23:38:34Z <p>Xbypass: /* References */</p> <hr /> <div>{{History of Indonesia}}<br /> {{Campaignbox Indonesian National Revolution}}<br /> {{EngvarB|date=September 2013}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2013}}<br /> <br /> The '''East Sumatra revolution''', also known as the '''East Sumatra social revolution''', began on 3 March 1946. Across 25 &quot;native states&quot;, many sultanates were overthrown and mass killing of members of the aristocratic families were performed by armed ''pergerakan'' groups (Indonesian nationalists).{{sfn|Said|1973|p=}} To the opportunistic ''pergerakan'' militants (especially [[Communist Party of Indonesia]] leaders [[Abdoe'lxarim M. S.]] and Luat Siregar), the revolutionary movement was seen as one of the means for East Sumatra to be freed from colonial overlordship and to join the larger [[Indonesian National Revolution]].{{sfn|Kahin|1970|p=180}} Participants of the revolution were believed to be provoked by leaders to kill aristocrats and create violence. These belligerents had three prime objectives: to eliminate the sultans and aristocrats (who were seen as Dutch allies), to seize their wealth (as sources of funding for the Indonesian independence campaign) and to eliminate the region's feudal social structure.{{sfn|Reid|2005|p=328}} The revolution brought about the formation of the [[State of East Sumatra]], which was dissolved when the region became part of the Indonesian republic.<br /> <br /> ==Background==<br /> The Dutch subjugated the Minangkabau of Sumatra in the [[Padri War]] and the [[Dutch expedition on the west coast of Sumatra]] occurred. There followed the [[conquest of the Aceh Sultanate]] of Sumatra.<br /> <br /> East Sumatra during colonial period was dominated by plantation with workers from diverse ethnicities. This was exploited by capitalism of European and benefit for local aristocratic group such as local chiefs and sultans. As government power became unstable because of Japanese occupation, tension between ethnicities and social class erupted.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Sutherland |first1=Heather |last2=van Goor |first2=J. |year=1986 |title=The Indonesian Revolution: A Review |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3351190 |journal=Indonesia |volume=42 |issue=42 |pages=113–118 |doi=10.2307/3351190|jstor=3351190 |hdl=1813/53847 |hdl-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === East Sumatra under the Dutch (1930s–1942) ===<br /> <br /> ==== {{anchor|Ethnic tensions}}Ethnic tensions ====<br /> [[File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM De Raja van Dolok met zijn gevolg Simeloengoen TMnr 10001725.jpg|thumbnail|right|alt=Seated raja, surrounded by other men|Simalungun king with his entourage]]<br /> The influx of Chinese, Javanese, and other ethnic immigrants to the region during the 1930s gave rise to several official associations associated with the kingdom to identify certain customary elements to form the cultural core of the East Sumatra society.{{sfn|Ariffin|1999|p=}} Even though the [[Karo people (Indonesia)|Karo]], [[Malays (ethnic group)|Malays]], and [[Simalungun people]]s were all recognised as indigenous communities in the region, the royalty and associations chose to emphasize more on preserving the Malay cultural identity. Special privileges were granted to the Malays (such as accessing to plantation land) by the Dutch and the social status of the Malays appeared to be much higher than the other indigenous communities in East Sumatra. As a result, members of the other two indigenous communities as well as the other locals felt this was unfair and that resulted in unwanted ethnic tensions. An increasing number of locals began to disagree with the Dutch and the Malay aristocrats due to the bias that these elites had towards the Malays.<br /> <br /> ==== {{anchor|Religious divisions and Islamic movements}}Religious divisions and Islamic movements ====<br /> Another division between the Malays and the two groups was religion, whereby the Malays were mostly Muslims and majority of the [[Karo people (Indonesia)]] and [[Simalungun]] were Christians or animists. Despite being the third-largest group in the 1930s, the Javanese, in particular the [[Abangan]], were perceived by the Malays to have a lower social status and their practice of Islam was seen to be nominal. The Malays were usually regarded as the traditional protectors of Islam by the authorities and the other Muslim reformist forces who advocated an Islam different from the Malay orientation were seen as threats to the authority of the sultans. The former was known as the Kaum Tua (old group) and the latter as the Kaum Muda (young group, reformist) who &quot;...sought to free the Islamic communities from superstitious beliefs.&quot;.{{sfn|Ariffin|1993|p=85}}<br /> <br /> There were two major modernist Islamic movements launched by the ''Kaum Muda'': firstly, the [[Muhammadiyah]] movement that involved conflicts over religious texts and teachings and secondly, the Jamiatul Wasliyah organization which shared common interests with Muhammadiah. Even though the ''Kuam Muda'' presented themselves as “non-political” Islamic leaders, the ''kerajaan'' still regarded those organizations with hostility and decided to support the ''Kuam Tua'' instead. Hence, the Malays were said to claim dominance in both political and cultural spheres, which led to resentment of the Malay aristocratic class and Malays in general.{{sfn|Kahin|1985|p=116}}<br /> <br /> ==== {{anchor|The political movement}}The political movement ====<br /> During the late 1930s, the national movements led by the ''pergerakan'' were developing rapidly among urban and educated sections of the Indonesian community.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=}} One example was the East Sumatra Association, which was created in 1938 by Dutch-educated Malays and was later led by Dr Tengku Mansur (who was connected to the ''Asahan'' royal family). The political association aimed to improve the social status of East Sumatran natives, including [[Simalungun people]] and [[Karo people (Indonesia)]]. The national movement then slowly reached out to small farmers of the tobacco-growing area, which eventually provided the rudiments of an important rural base for the two nationalist parties, ''GERINDO'' and ''PARINDRA'' in East Sumatra. Besides raising voices that disagreed with the Dutch repression and Malay aristocracy, the two parties also played important roles in initiating and mobilizing resources to support the 1946 East Sumatra social revolution.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=}} Moderate members of ''PARINDRA'' even took the initiative to form a ''Comité Indonesia'' in an attempt to present a united ''pergerakan'' front to the Japanese. They were motivated to launch a new Indonesian-controlled administration with the support from the Japanese. However, the garnering of support from the Japanese did not work out well because the priority of the Japanese was to obtain the oil and plantation produce from East Sumatra rather than making any significant political changes to the existing government structures.{{sfn|Kahin|1999|p=95}} Furthermore, the policies adopted by the Japanese were seen as a continuance of Dutch support for the ''kerajaan'' that caused nationalists to hold stronger negative feelings towards the Sultans and Malay aristocrats.<br /> <br /> === East Sumatra during the Japanese occupation (1942–early 1945) ===<br /> {{See also|Invasion of Sumatra (1942)}}<br /> [[File:Japanese_Occupation_of_Sumatra,_1942.jpg|thumb|right|Japanese paratroopers during the invasion of Sumatra in February 1942]]<br /> During the occupation, the Japanese implemented policies that were perceived as a continuance of Dutch support for the ''kerajaan''. Under the policies, the ''kerajaan'' were able to gain access to various incomes, titles, and religious authority that they used to have in the 1930s.{{sfn|Kahin|1999|p=95}} However, Japanese used available fragmentation between the ''pergerakan'' and the ''kerajaan''.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Reid |first=Anthony |url=https://brill.com/view/title/23090 |title=An Indonesian Frontier: Acehnese and Other Histories of Sumatra |date=2004-01-01 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-48655-3 |doi=10.1163/9789004486553_018}}&lt;/ref&gt; The regaining of Malay aristocrats’ power during the Japanese Occupation resulted in suppression of the peasant community in East Sumatra. Many Japanese officials managed to exploit food and labour supplies from the peasantry through the ''kerajaan'' hierarchy and that had increased the amount of economic pressure faced by the farming population of East Sumatra.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=}} Consequently, the credibility of those traditional, nationalists and religious leaders, who were assigned by the Japanese, was severely damaged. A new leadership was then formed by a group of ''pemuda'' (youth) who had received their formative education under the Japanese military groups (''Giyūgun'', ''[[Heiho]]'' and ''[[Tokubetsu Keisatsutai|Tokkeitai]]''). The military training guided by Japanese ethics and values fanned their nationalism and motivated them to defend their lands.{{sfn|Kahin|1999|p=118}} These Japanese-trained ''pemuda'' then took on active roles in fighting against the Dutch and Malay sultans during the 1946 East Sumatra Social Revolution.<br /> <br /> === Allied landings, local struggles and period of uncertainty (late 1945–1946) ===<br /> After the Japanese surrendered, the independence of Indonesia was [[Proclamation of Indonesian Independence|declared]] in Jakarta and [[Sukarno]] was chosen as the president of a new republic. Sumatra was then declared to be a province of the new republic and Medan was chosen as its capital.{{sfn|Bertrand|Laliberte|2010|p=34}} Despite this, many leaders were worried about the possibility of the Dutch returning and of the Malay and Batak aristocrats regaining their former power. <br /> <br /> From 21 August, leaflets were sent to Sumatra on Netherlands Indies Civil Administration. Japanese surrender was publicly announced on 22 August. On 25 August, Naval Lt. Brondgeest and Dutch-dominated unit landed near Pangkalan Brandan. Brondgeest, by 1 September, had been established base in Medan and contact with Japanese, Sultan of Deli, Sultan of Langkat, and other cooperative natives. This cooperative native asked for some reforms. Brondgeest decided to act independently from British and Japanese with local Ambonese and Menadonese as police force to control Medan and Republican movement. The Muslim fast was ended on 7 August and celebrated by mending relation with pro-Dutch peoples. On 14 September, Lt. Westerling and 3 others who were part of Dutch commando entered Medan to equip the police force.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; <br /> <br /> Many of the Japanese-trained unemployed ''pemuda'' of ex-Giyugun were then recruited by [[Abdoe'lxarim M. S.]] – the executor of the former ''Badan Oentoek Membantor Pertahanan Asia'' (Body for Assisting the Defence of Asia / BOMPA) property, who fed them BOMPA rice-stocks, and were then organised into a broader ''Persatuan Pemuda Latihan'' (Trained Youth Association) which include police, soldiers, and officials. On 23 September, the senior ex-Giyugun officer, First Lieutenant Achmad Tahir issued a meeting for all Japanese-trained Pemuda in ''Asrama Rensheikei''. Among these groups, some had contact with 'underground' groups with pre-war left wing experience. These groups include Karo group under the leaderships of Selamat Ginting, Tama Ginting, and Rakutta Sembiring Brahmana, and an &quot;anti-fascist&quot; group under Nathar Zainuddin a veteran islamist communist, which include [[Urbanus Pardede]], Bustami, Joenoes Nasution, and Marzuki Lubis. They plan to contact with Aminuddin Nazir of Inoue's coastal guard and by evening ''Badan Pemuda Indonesia'' or BPI was formed under Achmad Tahir as First Chairman.{{sfn|Reid|2014|pp=154-155}} Before the landings of the Allied (British) forces, these young ''pemuda'' were actively propagating information about the republic. They persuaded the senior Indonesian officials to resist the Japanese, the Dutch and Malay aristocrats. Therefore, these ''pemuda'' were seen as very nationalistic, eager to resist the return of the Dutch, and unsympathetic to the various ''kerajaan''.&quot;{{sfn|Ariffin|1993|p=85}} On 6 October, new Sultan of Deli who was known for his skeptic of Republic was installed.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; By 10 October 1945, ''[[Tentara Keamanan Rakyat]]'' or TKR of East Sumatra was formed with Achmad Tahir as Commander, Soetjipto as Chief-of-Staff, Capt. Hotman Sitoempul in Siantar, Lt. Martinus Lubis in Brastagi, and Lt. Djamin Ginting in Kabanjahe.{{sfn|Reid|2014|pp=161-162}}<br /> <br /> The initial landings of Allied forces (the British) and the Dutch, were not opposed by ''pemuda'' troops as Governor [[Teuku Muhammad Hasan|Hasan]] followed official republican policies of cooperating with the Allied. The flashpoint in Medan was the former Pensiun Wilhelmina in Jalan Bali, Medan, which was used as hostel and housed Westerling's ex-KNIL troops of mainly Ambonese. On 13 October 1945, supposedly an incident happened where one of the Dutch sentries torn off and trampled a red and white pin worn by a child. An angry crowd began to gather and fighting began, resulting several wounded. Two Dutchman fired into the crowd from a car killing an Indonesian. Japanese troops arrived alongside TKR under Achmad Tahir and managed to calm the crowd. The crowd dispersed at 1.30 p.m., with two Indonesians and one Ambonese woman were killed in the fighting.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=159}} However two hours later, ''pemuda'' returned, leaving six killed and about 100 wounded among the Ambonese and Menadonese. The Dutchman in charge of the hotel and a swiss family were killed as a result. The attack spread to [[Pematangsiantar]], and on 15 October, a five-man detachment under Brondgeest who was sent to Siantar Hotel to check on Japanese troop concentrated there was attacked. The hotel was besieged and burned, killing all the Dutch soldiers, ten Ambonese soldiers, two ''pemuda'' and four Swiss who managed the hotel. These marked the beginning of [[Battle of Medan]], between republican troops of TKR under Achmad Tahir as well as various ''pemuda'' affiliated with semi-criminal Medan underworld and Allied forces under T.E.D Kelly.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=162}}<br /> <br /> On 18 October 1945, the control of Medan became the responsibility of the British, immediately after official orders were issued by Republican leaders for ''pemuda'' to surrender their weapons to the British troops.{{sfn|Kahin|1999|p=243}} Nonetheless, the ''pemuda'' of East Sumatra managed to acquire some weapons that were left over by Japanese soldiers after the surrender and used them to confront the British in the south of Medan on 10 December 1945.{{sfn|McMillan|2005|p=}} A strong sense of contingency was said to be present in the British policy as the political circumstances in Indonesia forced them to make decisions that were seemingly neither pro-Dutch nor pro-Indonesian,{{sfn|McMillan|2005|p=}} although British intelligence manipulated events to pressure the (British) Malay monarchs for political initiatives in order to avoid being revolutionary targets.{{Sfn|Poulgrain|1998|pp=42–48}} Tensions between the Dutch and British modes of operation as well as the strong resistance from Indonesian nationalists resulted in low British morale throughout the post-war British occupation.{{sfn|McMillan|2005|p=}} After consultation with General Chambers in Padang, on 26 October Kelly disarmed and disbanded Ambonese forces under [[Raymond Westerling|Westerling]] and Brondgeest, and the Dutch detainees were again guarded by Japanese forces. Only Westerling remained behind at Kelly's request to put his terrorist tactics to work with the British.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=161}} British commander published on 24 December 1945 his intent to recognise TKR as official peacekeeper outside of Medan and British would give weapons (rubber-for-weapons) for some republican within Medan after rubber smuggling from Sumatra to Singapore in the period February-April 1946.{{Sfn|Poulgrain|1998|pp=40–41}}<br /> <br /> Armed clashes with the British, Dutch, and Japanese remained at a low level for the next two months until rumours that the Dutch were about to attempt a landing started spreading among the locals. On 3 March 1946, thousands of armed ''pemuda'' surrounded the palace in [[Tanjungbalai (city)|Tanjung Balai]] in response to the wide dissemination of reports that claimed that the ''kerajaan'' had formed a ''Comité van Ontvangst'' (reception committee) to welcome the Dutch.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=230}} The outbreak of violence between the ''kerajaan'' and the armed ''pemuda'' hence marked the start of the 1946 East Sumatra Social Revolution.<br /> <br /> == East Sumatra Social Revolution: 3 March 1946 ==<br /> On 3 March 1946, thousands of armed men assembled to oppose the big sultanates after hearing the rumours that the Dutch were returning. Violence and bloodshed was involved, where seven princes, ninety aristocrats (in Langkat) and countless officials from native states were killed.{{sfn|Ariffin|1993|p=64}} The Sultan of Langkat's daughters were raped and poet [[Amir Hamzah|Tengku Amir Hamzah]] was killed on 9 March by the ''Pemuda'' (young Japanese-trained militant) leaders and many Malay farmers were forced to give up their plantation land that they had acquired under the Dutch to be redistributed for those former plantation workers and non-Malay farmers (mostly Javanese). The militants under the leadership of PESINDO (''Pemuda Sosialis Indonesia''), the [[Indonesian Communist Party]], and the [[Indonesian National Party]] attacked almost all of the Malay aristocrats. The wives and children of the aristocrat families were interned and their houses were ransacked for treasure by the ''Pemuda''. The sympathy that Malay aristocrats had for the Dutch and the threats that they represented to the independence of Indonesia were commonly seen as the two main reasons for the occurrence of this violent event.<br /> <br /> ==={{anchor|Main objectives}}Main objectives===<br /> There were three main objectives associated with the revolution that involved different groups of people: firstly, to seize Malay aristocrats and their principal supporters so as to thwart their plans for the return of the Dutch; secondly, gain control of ''kerajaan'' the Malay sultanates' wealth in order to sustain the expenses for the national struggle and thirdly, to exercise political and societal changes in accordance to the Marxist intellectuals who were involved in the event.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=230}}<br /> <br /> ==={{anchor|Causes}}Causes===<br /> The 1946 East Sumatra social revolution was an outcome of class, ideological, and ethnic tensions that had accumulated over several decades. Since the Dutch colonial period, the region's demographics, socio-political structure, and economic system had undergone great changes. Many locals, especially those of the low and middle classed, who were consistently suppressed under the hierarchy system, became highly dissatisfied with the ''kerajaan'' hierarchy and the Dutch. The national revolution also reflected a great diversity of interests from almost all sections of Sumatran society and several complex issues behind the fight for independence in East Sumatra.<br /> <br /> ==== Political causes ====<br /> [[File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM De prinsen van Deli Langkat en Serdang TMnr 10001178.jpg|thumbnail|right|alt=Three men in ceremonial dress|Malay princes of East Sumatra from the Royal Houses of Deli, Langkat and Serdang]]<br /> <br /> By 1942, the Dutch, who were accountable to the Netherlands East Indies government in Batavia, were holding on to majority of the administrative power in the region. A feudal government was formed over the four primary sultanates in the region ([[Sultanate of Langkat|Langkat]], [[Sultanate of Serdang|Serdang]], [[Sultanate of Deli|Deli]], and [[Asahan Sultanate|Asahan]]) and ''kerajaan'' before (and after) the arrival of the Dutch,{{sfn|Kahin|1985|p=113}} Under Dutch rule, the kingdoms and principalities were absorbed into a centralised political structure and these indigenous elites were included in the administration (which they shared with the Dutch) of the region.{{sfn|Kahin|1985|p=113}} Consequently, both the Dutch and Malay aristocrats were able to use their political power to launch policies that suppressed the rights of the commoners. Opposition to the Dutch repression and Malay aristocracy then began to arise among ordinary people. On 3 March 1946, thousands of armed ''pemuda'' surrounded the palace in [[Tanjungbalai (city)|Tanjung Balai]] in response to the wide dissemination of reports that claimed that the ''kerajaan'' had formed a ''Comité van Ontvangst'' (reception committee) to welcome the Dutch.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=230}}<br /> <br /> In the late February 1946, Major Ferguson, part of British intelligence, was closely linked with political machinations in East Sumatra. The sultan of Deli had armed British protection and allowed his state to become a stronghold of British Intelligence. A rumour circulated that the sultans of East Sumatra proposed to form a dominion within British Malaya. The dominion proposal was created to elicit hostility from the pemuda. After it was circulated, British authorities ignored the suggestion. Then, the sultans returned into cooperation with the Dutch. Major Ferguson and the acting governor of East Sumatra, Dr Amir, visited places in East Sumatra and returned to Medan on 2 March 1946.{{Sfn|Poulgrain||5=1998|pp=41–43}}<br /> <br /> Either Comité van Ontvangst to welcome the Dutch or British dominion proposal were anathema to the ''pemuda''. For the ''pemuda'', ''kerajaan'' symbolised colonial injustice. Whether under Dutch or British masters, ''kerajaan'' would remain elitist and become executive of foreign oppression. This would lead to immediate demand of retribution.{{Sfn|Poulgrain||5=1998|pp=|p=42}}<br /> <br /> ==== Socio-economic causes ====<br /> Apart from political causes, labour policies were also implemented to sustain the economy of the region. Large numbers of foreign labourers were brought in from China and Java to meet the strong demand for labour in East Sumatra's plantation economy (which made up 64 percent of economic production). &quot;In the case of the plantation economy in this region, this foreign labour was predominantly from the relatively overcrowded island of Java: by the 1930s, 43 percent of the population was 'Javanese'.&quot;{{sfn|Kipp|1996|p=46}} In addition to the Chinese and Javanese (who numbered about 192,000 and 590,000, respectively during the 1930s), the economy also attracted migrants from other parts of the Dutch East Indies. As a result, the percentages of the three main indigenous communities: the Malays, Karo, and Simalungun in the region were significantly reduced.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=43}} The changes in social structure prompted anxiety among the people of East Sumatra.<br /> <br /> The change in the socio-economic landscape also resulted in stark class differences within East Sumatran society. In the 1930s, many farmers of the tobacco area (Deli-Serdang-Langkat) were told to cultivate smaller areas while the Malay sultans, [[Simalungun people|Simalungun]], and [[Karo people (Indonesia)|Karo]] ''rajas'' benefited from preferential treatment by the Dutch in terms of land leasing.{{sfn|Dick|2002|p=103}} Those aristocrats were able to accumulate significant wealth by &quot;leas[ing] wide tracts of land, the disposal rights over which frequently had lain traditionally with the village, to foreign companies...&quot; and seizing most of the profits.{{sfn|Kahin|1970|p=179}} Eventually, most of the rural masses went to seek help from local political parties such as GERINDO (''Gerakan Rakyat Indonesia'') and the [[Great Indonesia Party]] (''Partai Indonesia Raya'') so as to make their grievances heard. The feelings of dissatisfaction that rural farmers had against the aristocrats then became a form of support for these political parties.<br /> <br /> ==={{anchor|Leaders involved in the revolution}}Leaders involved in the revolution===<br /> There were a few groups of leaders that were involved in the revolution and all of them may be distinguished by differences in class, social mobility, nationalist seniority, and ideology.<br /> <br /> Firstly, educated Indonesians who were sympathetic to the ideology of nationalism were involved in the revolution. Most of them received tertiary education and have adopted Western values and practices in their daily life. The connections with the traditional aristocratic families did not manage to stop these people from having strong beliefs in nationalism. Ultimately, they recognized that the presence of ''kerajaan'' might be one of the hindrances for East Sumatran society to achieve full liberalization.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=}} Members of this particular group were local governors and regional deputy governors such as [[Teuku Muhammad Hasan]] and Mohammad Amir.<br /> <br /> Besides, there was also another group of leaders who shared a similar ideology of nationalism. Unlike those mentioned earlier, this group of leaders were actively involved with nationalist movements before the Pacific War.{{sfn|Palazzo|p=}} Most of them used to collaborate with the Japanese occupiers as administrative personnel and they were motivated to join this revolution so as to promote the political ideology of nationalism as well as to continue their leadership during the post-war period.<br /> <br /> Secondly, locals who rose to prominence after undergoing military training in Japanese military organisations during the period of Japanese occupation were also responsible for the revolution. These &quot;people's volunteer armies&quot; were equipped with rich military experiences and that has imbued them with a deeper commitment to radical nationalism. Eventually, some of them became militia leaders in the earlier phase of the social revolution.{{sfn|Kahin|1999|p=99}} Many scholars including Anthony Reid and Mohammad Said have highlighted the importance of these people in initiating and executing the 1946 social revolution in East Sumatra.{{sfn|Said|1973|pp=145–186}}{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=}}<br /> <br /> Thirdly, Muslim reformist forces were involved in Islamic movements to resist against the ''kerajaan'' and Malay aristocrats. Supporters of the Islamic movements had faced oppression by the sultans who claimed that they were advocating an Islam that was different from the Malay orientation. In order to protect their own religious interests, these anti-''kerajaan'' activists came together to fight against the Malay elites.{{sfn|Ariffin|1993|p=85}}<br /> <br /> ==Aftermath==<br /> === East Sumatra ===<br /> {{Main|East Sumatra}}<br /> [[File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Spandoeken tijdens het bezoek van de Wali Negara Sumatera Timur aan Pematangsiantar TMnr 60024766.jpg|thumbnail|right|alt=Large crowd, holding banners|NST supporters]]<br /> The revolutionaries, including the armed ''Pemuda'', were able to fight the Dutch return with a common unifying goal in 1945, but there were insufficient resources to last through a longer period than 1947. The Dutch return during the second half of 1947 had to rely on the support from Malay aristocrats, especially when it was facing tougher guerrilla opposition after the ceasefire. In addition to Malay support for the reinstatement of Dutch rule, representatives of other groups expressed similar concerns (some Toba leaders and the Chinese community, in particular; these groups had benefited economically from Dutch rule). The Chinese community, who were economically advantaged, were also targeted by the ''pemuda'' and their property was seized.{{sfn|Dick|2002|p=103}} In this uncertain milieu, the Chinese community saw the British and Dutch colonial forces as protectors.<br /> <br /> The East Sumatra Union (''Persatuan Sumatera Timur'') had been formed in 1938 by the westernized Malay elites to reassert Malay and Simalungun ethnic interests through support from the Dutch. With the support of these Malays, the Dutch attempted to establish a federal Indonesia consisting of a Dutch-supported State of East Sumara ({{lang-id|Negara Sumatera Timur}}, NST).{{sfn|Langenberg|1982|pp=1–30}} The threat felt by the Chinese also motivated them to co-operate with the Malay aristocrats, most of the Simalungun rajas, some Karo chieftains and the Dutch in creating the NST. Dr Tengku Mansur (a member of the Asahan royal family) was selected as head of state and the NST lasted from December 1947 to August 1950. While the Dutch wanted the NST to be seen as an orderly and progressive alternative to the republic, the western-educated aristocrats saw NST as a bastion for their own ethnic interests.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=}} The NST began to disintegrate as soon as Dutch military support was withdrawn. The short-lived state was viewed with suspicion, and Dr Tengku Mansur eventually surrendered authority to the republic in August 1950,{{sfn|Reid|1971|pp=21–46}} which backed by military for the stability framework.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Consequently, East Sumatra was merged into a larger province of [[North Sumatra]], where it has remained till today.<br /> <br /> === Malaya ===<br /> The demise of the sultans in East Sumatra was the turning point in British Malaya. This was politically motivating Malayan Malay against the [[Parti Kebangsaan Melayu Malaya|Malay Nationalist Party]] (MNP) which was Tan Malaka allies. During March 1946, [[United Malays National Organisation]] (UMNO) went with full support of Malay sultans as their inactivity would lead to similar fate as their relatives in East Sumatra. From August to Novem­ber 1946, UMNO was in negotiation with British while MNP was excluded. The rise of UMNO gave political voice for the popular support commanded by the conservative elite, inseparable to events in Indonesia, and has been beneficial for long-term British presence.{{Sfn|Poulgrain|1998|pp=44–45}}<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> *[[Indonesian National Revolution]]<br /> *[[History of Indonesia]]<br /> <br /> ==Notes==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Ariffin| first = Omar | title = Bangsa Melayu: Malay Concepts of Democracy and Community 1945–1950|language = id | publisher = Oxford University Press|location = Oxford| year = 1993| isbn = 0195886135 }}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Ariffin| first = Omar | title = Revolusi Indonesia dan Bangsa Melayu: Runtuhnya Kerajaan-Kerajaan Melayu Sumatera Timur Pada Tahun 1946|language = id |publisher = Koperasi Kedai Buku Universiti Sains Malaysia Sdn Bhd|location = Pulau Pinang | year = 1999| isbn = 983861193X}}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Dick| first = H.W. | title = The Emergence of a National Economy : An Economic History of Indonesia, 1800-2000| publisher = Asian Studies Association of Australia in association with Allen &amp; Unwin|location = Australia| year = 2002| isbn = 9781741150209}}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Kahin| first = Audrey R.| title = Regional Dynamics of the Indonesian Revolution: Unity From Diversity| publisher = University of Hawaii Press|location = United States| year = 1985| isbn = 0824809823}}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Kahin | first = George McTurnan | title = Nationalism and Revolution in Indonesia | publisher = Cornell University Press | year = 1970 | isbn = 0-8014-9108-8 }}<br /> * {{cite book |last1=Kahin |first1=Audrey |title=Rebellion to Integration: West Sumatra and the Indonesian Polity |date=1999 |publisher=Amsterdam University Press |location=Amsterdam |isbn=9053563954}}<br /> *{{Cite book| last = Kipp| first = Rita Smith| title = Dissociated Identities: Ethnicity, Religion and Class in an Indonesian Society| publisher = University of Michigan Press| location = Ann Arbor| year = 1996| isbn = 047208402X| url-access = registration| url = https://archive.org/details/dissociatedident00rita_0}}<br /> *{{cite book|last1=Bertrand|first1=Jacques|last2=Laliberte|first2=Ander|title=Multination States in Asia: Accommodation or Resistance <br /> |date=2010|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge|isbn=978-0511750755|page=34}}<br /> *{{cite journal | last = Langenberg| first = Michael. van. | title = Class and Ethnic Conflict in Indonesian's Decolonization Process: A Study of East Sumatra| publisher = Cornell University: Indonesia Southeast Asia Program Publications|journal=Indonesia |volume= 33|issue=33 |pages=1–30 |date=April 1982| doi = 10.2307/3350925 | jstor = 3350925 |url=https://ecommons.cornell.edu/bitstream/handle/1813/53737/INDO_33_0_1107016894_1_30.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y}}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = McMillan| first = Richard| title = The British Occupation of Indonesia, 1945-1946: Britain, the Netherlands and the Indonesian revolution| publisher = Routledge|location = New York| year = 2005}}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Milner| first = Anthony| title = The Malays| publisher = Blackwell Publishing Ltd|location = United Kingdom | year = 2011| isbn = 978-1444339031 }}<br /> *{{cite web|last=Palazzo|first=Albert|title=The Netherlands East Indies and the Pacific War|url=http://www.awm.gov.au/exhibitions/alliesinadversity/essay/index.asp|work=Allies in Adversity. Australia and the Dutch in the Pacific War|publisher=Australian War Memorial}}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Poulgrain| first = Greg| title = The Genesis of Konfrontasi: Malaysia, Brunei and Indonesia 1945–1965| publisher = Crawford House Publishing Pty Ltd|location = Australia| year = 1998| isbn = 1850655138}}<br /> *{{cite journal|last1=Reid|first1=Anthony|title=The Birth of the Republic in Sumatra |journal=Indonesia |date=1971 | volume=12 |issue=Oct |url=https://ecommons.cornell.edu/bitstream/handle/1813/53522/INDO_12_0_1107125075_21_46.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y |pages=21–46|doi=10.2307/3350656|jstor=3350656 }}<br /> *{{Cite book |last=Reid |first=Anthony |url=https://brill.com/view/title/23090 |title=An Indonesian Frontier: Acehnese and Other Histories of Sumatra |date= |publisher=[[Brill]] |year=2004 |isbn=978-90-04-48655-3 |doi=10.1163/9789004486553_018}}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Reid | first = Anthony| title = An Indonesian Frontier: Acehnese and Other Histories of Sumatra| publisher = Singapore University Press|location= Singapore| year = 2005| isbn = 9971692988}}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Reid | first = Anthony| author-link = Anthony Reid | title = The Blood of the People: Revolution &amp; the End of Traditional Rule in Northern Sumatra | publisher = NUS Press | year = 2014 | location = Singapore | isbn = 978-9971-69-637-5 }}<br /> *{{cite journal | last = Said| first = H. Mohammed | title = What was the Social Revolution of 1946 in East Sumatra| publisher = Cornell University: Indonesia Southeast Asia Program Publications|journal=Indonesia |volume= 15|issue=15 |pages=145–186 |date=April 1973| doi = 10.2307/3350795 | jstor = 3350795 | hdl = 1813/53556 |url= https://ecommons.cornell.edu/bitstream/handle/1813/53556/INDO_15_0_1107128614_145_186.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y}}<br /> *{{Cite journal |last1=Sutherland |first1=Heather |last2=van Goor |first2=J. |year=1986 |title=The Indonesian Revolution: A Review |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3351190 |journal=Indonesia |volume=42 |issue=42 |pages=113–118 |doi=10.2307/3351190|jstor=3351190 |hdl=1813/53847 |hdl-access=free}}<br /> <br /> {{Indonesian National Revolution}}<br /> [[Category:Massacres of the Indonesian National Revolution]]<br /> [[Category:Massacres committed by Indonesia]]<br /> [[Category:1940s in Indonesia]]<br /> [[Category:Massacres in 1946]]<br /> [[Category:Political and cultural purges]]<br /> [[Category:Regicides]]</div> Xbypass https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=East_Sumatra_revolution&diff=1239215146 East Sumatra revolution 2024-08-07T23:36:07Z <p>Xbypass: </p> <hr /> <div>{{History of Indonesia}}<br /> {{Campaignbox Indonesian National Revolution}}<br /> {{EngvarB|date=September 2013}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2013}}<br /> <br /> The '''East Sumatra revolution''', also known as the '''East Sumatra social revolution''', began on 3 March 1946. Across 25 &quot;native states&quot;, many sultanates were overthrown and mass killing of members of the aristocratic families were performed by armed ''pergerakan'' groups (Indonesian nationalists).{{sfn|Said|1973|p=}} To the opportunistic ''pergerakan'' militants (especially [[Communist Party of Indonesia]] leaders [[Abdoe'lxarim M. S.]] and Luat Siregar), the revolutionary movement was seen as one of the means for East Sumatra to be freed from colonial overlordship and to join the larger [[Indonesian National Revolution]].{{sfn|Kahin|1970|p=180}} Participants of the revolution were believed to be provoked by leaders to kill aristocrats and create violence. These belligerents had three prime objectives: to eliminate the sultans and aristocrats (who were seen as Dutch allies), to seize their wealth (as sources of funding for the Indonesian independence campaign) and to eliminate the region's feudal social structure.{{sfn|Reid|2005|p=328}} The revolution brought about the formation of the [[State of East Sumatra]], which was dissolved when the region became part of the Indonesian republic.<br /> <br /> ==Background==<br /> The Dutch subjugated the Minangkabau of Sumatra in the [[Padri War]] and the [[Dutch expedition on the west coast of Sumatra]] occurred. There followed the [[conquest of the Aceh Sultanate]] of Sumatra.<br /> <br /> East Sumatra during colonial period was dominated by plantation with workers from diverse ethnicities. This was exploited by capitalism of European and benefit for local aristocratic group such as local chiefs and sultans. As government power became unstable because of Japanese occupation, tension between ethnicities and social class erupted.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Sutherland |first1=Heather |last2=van Goor |first2=J. |year=1986 |title=The Indonesian Revolution: A Review |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3351190 |journal=Indonesia |volume=42 |issue=42 |pages=113–118 |doi=10.2307/3351190|jstor=3351190 |hdl=1813/53847 |hdl-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === East Sumatra under the Dutch (1930s–1942) ===<br /> <br /> ==== {{anchor|Ethnic tensions}}Ethnic tensions ====<br /> [[File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM De Raja van Dolok met zijn gevolg Simeloengoen TMnr 10001725.jpg|thumbnail|right|alt=Seated raja, surrounded by other men|Simalungun king with his entourage]]<br /> The influx of Chinese, Javanese, and other ethnic immigrants to the region during the 1930s gave rise to several official associations associated with the kingdom to identify certain customary elements to form the cultural core of the East Sumatra society.{{sfn|Ariffin|1999|p=}} Even though the [[Karo people (Indonesia)|Karo]], [[Malays (ethnic group)|Malays]], and [[Simalungun people]]s were all recognised as indigenous communities in the region, the royalty and associations chose to emphasize more on preserving the Malay cultural identity. Special privileges were granted to the Malays (such as accessing to plantation land) by the Dutch and the social status of the Malays appeared to be much higher than the other indigenous communities in East Sumatra. As a result, members of the other two indigenous communities as well as the other locals felt this was unfair and that resulted in unwanted ethnic tensions. An increasing number of locals began to disagree with the Dutch and the Malay aristocrats due to the bias that these elites had towards the Malays.<br /> <br /> ==== {{anchor|Religious divisions and Islamic movements}}Religious divisions and Islamic movements ====<br /> Another division between the Malays and the two groups was religion, whereby the Malays were mostly Muslims and majority of the [[Karo people (Indonesia)]] and [[Simalungun]] were Christians or animists. Despite being the third-largest group in the 1930s, the Javanese, in particular the [[Abangan]], were perceived by the Malays to have a lower social status and their practice of Islam was seen to be nominal. The Malays were usually regarded as the traditional protectors of Islam by the authorities and the other Muslim reformist forces who advocated an Islam different from the Malay orientation were seen as threats to the authority of the sultans. The former was known as the Kaum Tua (old group) and the latter as the Kaum Muda (young group, reformist) who &quot;...sought to free the Islamic communities from superstitious beliefs.&quot;.{{sfn|Ariffin|1993|p=85}}<br /> <br /> There were two major modernist Islamic movements launched by the ''Kaum Muda'': firstly, the [[Muhammadiyah]] movement that involved conflicts over religious texts and teachings and secondly, the Jamiatul Wasliyah organization which shared common interests with Muhammadiah. Even though the ''Kuam Muda'' presented themselves as “non-political” Islamic leaders, the ''kerajaan'' still regarded those organizations with hostility and decided to support the ''Kuam Tua'' instead. Hence, the Malays were said to claim dominance in both political and cultural spheres, which led to resentment of the Malay aristocratic class and Malays in general.{{sfn|Kahin|1985|p=116}}<br /> <br /> ==== {{anchor|The political movement}}The political movement ====<br /> During the late 1930s, the national movements led by the ''pergerakan'' were developing rapidly among urban and educated sections of the Indonesian community.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=}} One example was the East Sumatra Association, which was created in 1938 by Dutch-educated Malays and was later led by Dr Tengku Mansur (who was connected to the ''Asahan'' royal family). The political association aimed to improve the social status of East Sumatran natives, including [[Simalungun people]] and [[Karo people (Indonesia)]]. The national movement then slowly reached out to small farmers of the tobacco-growing area, which eventually provided the rudiments of an important rural base for the two nationalist parties, ''GERINDO'' and ''PARINDRA'' in East Sumatra. Besides raising voices that disagreed with the Dutch repression and Malay aristocracy, the two parties also played important roles in initiating and mobilizing resources to support the 1946 East Sumatra social revolution.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=}} Moderate members of ''PARINDRA'' even took the initiative to form a ''Comité Indonesia'' in an attempt to present a united ''pergerakan'' front to the Japanese. They were motivated to launch a new Indonesian-controlled administration with the support from the Japanese. However, the garnering of support from the Japanese did not work out well because the priority of the Japanese was to obtain the oil and plantation produce from East Sumatra rather than making any significant political changes to the existing government structures.{{sfn|Kahin|1999|p=95}} Furthermore, the policies adopted by the Japanese were seen as a continuance of Dutch support for the ''kerajaan'' that caused nationalists to hold stronger negative feelings towards the Sultans and Malay aristocrats.<br /> <br /> === East Sumatra during the Japanese occupation (1942–early 1945) ===<br /> {{See also|Invasion of Sumatra (1942)}}<br /> [[File:Japanese_Occupation_of_Sumatra,_1942.jpg|thumb|right|Japanese paratroopers during the invasion of Sumatra in February 1942]]<br /> During the occupation, the Japanese implemented policies that were perceived as a continuance of Dutch support for the ''kerajaan''. Under the policies, the ''kerajaan'' were able to gain access to various incomes, titles, and religious authority that they used to have in the 1930s.{{sfn|Kahin|1999|p=95}} However, Japanese used available fragmentation between the ''pergerakan'' and the ''kerajaan''.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Reid |first=Anthony |url=https://brill.com/view/title/23090 |title=An Indonesian Frontier: Acehnese and Other Histories of Sumatra |date=2004-01-01 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-48655-3 |doi=10.1163/9789004486553_018}}&lt;/ref&gt; The regaining of Malay aristocrats’ power during the Japanese Occupation resulted in suppression of the peasant community in East Sumatra. Many Japanese officials managed to exploit food and labour supplies from the peasantry through the ''kerajaan'' hierarchy and that had increased the amount of economic pressure faced by the farming population of East Sumatra.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=}} Consequently, the credibility of those traditional, nationalists and religious leaders, who were assigned by the Japanese, was severely damaged. A new leadership was then formed by a group of ''pemuda'' (youth) who had received their formative education under the Japanese military groups (''Giyūgun'', ''[[Heiho]]'' and ''[[Tokubetsu Keisatsutai|Tokkeitai]]''). The military training guided by Japanese ethics and values fanned their nationalism and motivated them to defend their lands.{{sfn|Kahin|1999|p=118}} These Japanese-trained ''pemuda'' then took on active roles in fighting against the Dutch and Malay sultans during the 1946 East Sumatra Social Revolution.<br /> <br /> === Allied landings, local struggles and period of uncertainty (late 1945–1946) ===<br /> After the Japanese surrendered, the independence of Indonesia was [[Proclamation of Indonesian Independence|declared]] in Jakarta and [[Sukarno]] was chosen as the president of a new republic. Sumatra was then declared to be a province of the new republic and Medan was chosen as its capital.{{sfn|Bertrand|Laliberte|2010|p=34}} Despite this, many leaders were worried about the possibility of the Dutch returning and of the Malay and Batak aristocrats regaining their former power. <br /> <br /> From 21 August, leaflets were sent to Sumatra on Netherlands Indies Civil Administration. Japanese surrender was publicly announced on 22 August. On 25 August, Naval Lt. Brondgeest and Dutch-dominated unit landed near Pangkalan Brandan. Brondgeest, by 1 September, had been established base in Medan and contact with Japanese, Sultan of Deli, Sultan of Langkat, and other cooperative natives. This cooperative native asked for some reforms. Brondgeest decided to act independently from British and Japanese with local Ambonese and Menadonese as police force to control Medan and Republican movement. The Muslim fast was ended on 7 August and celebrated by mending relation with pro-Dutch peoples. On 14 September, Lt. Westerling and 3 others who were part of Dutch commando entered Medan to equip the police force.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; <br /> <br /> Many of the Japanese-trained unemployed ''pemuda'' of ex-Giyugun were then recruited by [[Abdoe'lxarim M. S.]] – the executor of the former ''Badan Oentoek Membantor Pertahanan Asia'' (Body for Assisting the Defence of Asia / BOMPA) property, who fed them BOMPA rice-stocks, and were then organised into a broader ''Persatuan Pemuda Latihan'' (Trained Youth Association) which include police, soldiers, and officials. On 23 September, the senior ex-Giyugun officer, First Lieutenant Achmad Tahir issued a meeting for all Japanese-trained Pemuda in ''Asrama Rensheikei''. Among these groups, some had contact with 'underground' groups with pre-war left wing experience. These groups include Karo group under the leaderships of Selamat Ginting, Tama Ginting, and Rakutta Sembiring Brahmana, and an &quot;anti-fascist&quot; group under Nathar Zainuddin a veteran islamist communist, which include [[Urbanus Pardede]], Bustami, Joenoes Nasution, and Marzuki Lubis. They plan to contact with Aminuddin Nazir of Inoue's coastal guard and by evening ''Badan Pemuda Indonesia'' or BPI was formed under Achmad Tahir as First Chairman.{{sfn|Reid|2014|pp=154-155}} Before the landings of the Allied (British) forces, these young ''pemuda'' were actively propagating information about the republic. They persuaded the senior Indonesian officials to resist the Japanese, the Dutch and Malay aristocrats. Therefore, these ''pemuda'' were seen as very nationalistic, eager to resist the return of the Dutch, and unsympathetic to the various ''kerajaan''.&quot;{{sfn|Ariffin|1993|p=85}} On 6 October, new Sultan of Deli who was known for his skeptic of Republic was installed.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; By 10 October 1945, ''[[Tentara Keamanan Rakyat]]'' or TKR of East Sumatra was formed with Achmad Tahir as Commander, Soetjipto as Chief-of-Staff, Capt. Hotman Sitoempul in Siantar, Lt. Martinus Lubis in Brastagi, and Lt. Djamin Ginting in Kabanjahe.{{sfn|Reid|2014|pp=161-162}}<br /> <br /> The initial landings of Allied forces (the British) and the Dutch, were not opposed by ''pemuda'' troops as Governor [[Teuku Muhammad Hasan|Hasan]] followed official republican policies of cooperating with the Allied. The flashpoint in Medan was the former Pensiun Wilhelmina in Jalan Bali, Medan, which was used as hostel and housed Westerling's ex-KNIL troops of mainly Ambonese. On 13 October 1945, supposedly an incident happened where one of the Dutch sentries torn off and trampled a red and white pin worn by a child. An angry crowd began to gather and fighting began, resulting several wounded. Two Dutchman fired into the crowd from a car killing an Indonesian. Japanese troops arrived alongside TKR under Achmad Tahir and managed to calm the crowd. The crowd dispersed at 1.30 p.m., with two Indonesians and one Ambonese woman were killed in the fighting.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=159}} However two hours later, ''pemuda'' returned, leaving six killed and about 100 wounded among the Ambonese and Menadonese. The Dutchman in charge of the hotel and a swiss family were killed as a result. The attack spread to [[Pematangsiantar]], and on 15 October, a five-man detachment under Brondgeest who was sent to Siantar Hotel to check on Japanese troop concentrated there was attacked. The hotel was besieged and burned, killing all the Dutch soldiers, ten Ambonese soldiers, two ''pemuda'' and four Swiss who managed the hotel. These marked the beginning of [[Battle of Medan]], between republican troops of TKR under Achmad Tahir as well as various ''pemuda'' affiliated with semi-criminal Medan underworld and Allied forces under T.E.D Kelly.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=162}}<br /> <br /> On 18 October 1945, the control of Medan became the responsibility of the British, immediately after official orders were issued by Republican leaders for ''pemuda'' to surrender their weapons to the British troops.{{sfn|Kahin|1999|p=243}} Nonetheless, the ''pemuda'' of East Sumatra managed to acquire some weapons that were left over by Japanese soldiers after the surrender and used them to confront the British in the south of Medan on 10 December 1945.{{sfn|McMillan|2005|p=}} A strong sense of contingency was said to be present in the British policy as the political circumstances in Indonesia forced them to make decisions that were seemingly neither pro-Dutch nor pro-Indonesian,{{sfn|McMillan|2005|p=}} although British intelligence manipulated events to pressure the (British) Malay monarchs for political initiatives in order to avoid being revolutionary targets.{{Sfn|Poulgrain|1998|pp=42–48}} Tensions between the Dutch and British modes of operation as well as the strong resistance from Indonesian nationalists resulted in low British morale throughout the post-war British occupation.{{sfn|McMillan|2005|p=}} After consultation with General Chambers in Padang, on 26 October Kelly disarmed and disbanded Ambonese forces under [[Raymond Westerling|Westerling]] and Brondgeest, and the Dutch detainees were again guarded by Japanese forces. Only Westerling remained behind at Kelly's request to put his terrorist tactics to work with the British.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=161}} British commander published on 24 December 1945 his intent to recognise TKR as official peacekeeper outside of Medan and British would give weapons (rubber-for-weapons) for some republican within Medan after rubber smuggling from Sumatra to Singapore in the period February-April 1946.{{Sfn|Poulgrain|1998|pp=40–41}}<br /> <br /> Armed clashes with the British, Dutch, and Japanese remained at a low level for the next two months until rumours that the Dutch were about to attempt a landing started spreading among the locals. On 3 March 1946, thousands of armed ''pemuda'' surrounded the palace in [[Tanjungbalai (city)|Tanjung Balai]] in response to the wide dissemination of reports that claimed that the ''kerajaan'' had formed a ''Comité van Ontvangst'' (reception committee) to welcome the Dutch.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=230}} The outbreak of violence between the ''kerajaan'' and the armed ''pemuda'' hence marked the start of the 1946 East Sumatra Social Revolution.<br /> <br /> == East Sumatra Social Revolution: 3 March 1946 ==<br /> On 3 March 1946, thousands of armed men assembled to oppose the big sultanates after hearing the rumours that the Dutch were returning. Violence and bloodshed was involved, where seven princes, ninety aristocrats (in Langkat) and countless officials from native states were killed.{{sfn|Ariffin|1993|p=64}} The Sultan of Langkat's daughters were raped and poet [[Amir Hamzah|Tengku Amir Hamzah]] was killed on 9 March by the ''Pemuda'' (young Japanese-trained militant) leaders and many Malay farmers were forced to give up their plantation land that they had acquired under the Dutch to be redistributed for those former plantation workers and non-Malay farmers (mostly Javanese). The militants under the leadership of PESINDO (''Pemuda Sosialis Indonesia''), the [[Indonesian Communist Party]], and the [[Indonesian National Party]] attacked almost all of the Malay aristocrats. The wives and children of the aristocrat families were interned and their houses were ransacked for treasure by the ''Pemuda''. The sympathy that Malay aristocrats had for the Dutch and the threats that they represented to the independence of Indonesia were commonly seen as the two main reasons for the occurrence of this violent event.<br /> <br /> ==={{anchor|Main objectives}}Main objectives===<br /> There were three main objectives associated with the revolution that involved different groups of people: firstly, to seize Malay aristocrats and their principal supporters so as to thwart their plans for the return of the Dutch; secondly, gain control of ''kerajaan'' the Malay sultanates' wealth in order to sustain the expenses for the national struggle and thirdly, to exercise political and societal changes in accordance to the Marxist intellectuals who were involved in the event.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=230}}<br /> <br /> ==={{anchor|Causes}}Causes===<br /> The 1946 East Sumatra social revolution was an outcome of class, ideological, and ethnic tensions that had accumulated over several decades. Since the Dutch colonial period, the region's demographics, socio-political structure, and economic system had undergone great changes. Many locals, especially those of the low and middle classed, who were consistently suppressed under the hierarchy system, became highly dissatisfied with the ''kerajaan'' hierarchy and the Dutch. The national revolution also reflected a great diversity of interests from almost all sections of Sumatran society and several complex issues behind the fight for independence in East Sumatra.<br /> <br /> ==== Political causes ====<br /> [[File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM De prinsen van Deli Langkat en Serdang TMnr 10001178.jpg|thumbnail|right|alt=Three men in ceremonial dress|Malay princes of East Sumatra from the Royal Houses of Deli, Langkat and Serdang]]<br /> <br /> By 1942, the Dutch, who were accountable to the Netherlands East Indies government in Batavia, were holding on to majority of the administrative power in the region. A feudal government was formed over the four primary sultanates in the region ([[Sultanate of Langkat|Langkat]], [[Sultanate of Serdang|Serdang]], [[Sultanate of Deli|Deli]], and [[Asahan Sultanate|Asahan]]) and ''kerajaan'' before (and after) the arrival of the Dutch,{{sfn|Kahin|1985|p=113}} Under Dutch rule, the kingdoms and principalities were absorbed into a centralised political structure and these indigenous elites were included in the administration (which they shared with the Dutch) of the region.{{sfn|Kahin|1985|p=113}} Consequently, both the Dutch and Malay aristocrats were able to use their political power to launch policies that suppressed the rights of the commoners. Opposition to the Dutch repression and Malay aristocracy then began to arise among ordinary people. On 3 March 1946, thousands of armed ''pemuda'' surrounded the palace in [[Tanjungbalai (city)|Tanjung Balai]] in response to the wide dissemination of reports that claimed that the ''kerajaan'' had formed a ''Comité van Ontvangst'' (reception committee) to welcome the Dutch.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=230}}<br /> <br /> In the late February 1946, Major Ferguson, part of British intelligence, was closely linked with political machinations in East Sumatra. The sultan of Deli had armed British protection and allowed his state to become a stronghold of British Intelligence. A rumour circulated that the sultans of East Sumatra proposed to form a dominion within British Malaya. The dominion proposal was created to elicit hostility from the pemuda. After it was circulated, British authorities ignored the suggestion. Then, the sultans returned into cooperation with the Dutch. Major Ferguson and the acting governor of East Sumatra, Dr Amir, visited places in East Sumatra and returned to Medan on 2 March 1946.{{Sfn|Poulgrain||5=1998|pp=41–43}}<br /> <br /> Either Comité van Ontvangst to welcome the Dutch or British dominion proposal were anathema to the ''pemuda''. For the ''pemuda'', ''kerajaan'' symbolised colonial injustice. Whether under Dutch or British masters, ''kerajaan'' would remain elitist and become executive of foreign oppression. This would lead to immediate demand of retribution.{{Sfn|Poulgrain||5=1998|pp=|p=42}}<br /> <br /> ==== Socio-economic causes ====<br /> Apart from political causes, labour policies were also implemented to sustain the economy of the region. Large numbers of foreign labourers were brought in from China and Java to meet the strong demand for labour in East Sumatra's plantation economy (which made up 64 percent of economic production). &quot;In the case of the plantation economy in this region, this foreign labour was predominantly from the relatively overcrowded island of Java: by the 1930s, 43 percent of the population was 'Javanese'.&quot;{{sfn|Kipp|1996|p=46}} In addition to the Chinese and Javanese (who numbered about 192,000 and 590,000, respectively during the 1930s), the economy also attracted migrants from other parts of the Dutch East Indies. As a result, the percentages of the three main indigenous communities: the Malays, Karo, and Simalungun in the region were significantly reduced.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=43}} The changes in social structure prompted anxiety among the people of East Sumatra.<br /> <br /> The change in the socio-economic landscape also resulted in stark class differences within East Sumatran society. In the 1930s, many farmers of the tobacco area (Deli-Serdang-Langkat) were told to cultivate smaller areas while the Malay sultans, [[Simalungun people|Simalungun]], and [[Karo people (Indonesia)|Karo]] ''rajas'' benefited from preferential treatment by the Dutch in terms of land leasing.{{sfn|Dick|2002|p=103}} Those aristocrats were able to accumulate significant wealth by &quot;leas[ing] wide tracts of land, the disposal rights over which frequently had lain traditionally with the village, to foreign companies...&quot; and seizing most of the profits.{{sfn|Kahin|1970|p=179}} Eventually, most of the rural masses went to seek help from local political parties such as GERINDO (''Gerakan Rakyat Indonesia'') and the [[Great Indonesia Party]] (''Partai Indonesia Raya'') so as to make their grievances heard. The feelings of dissatisfaction that rural farmers had against the aristocrats then became a form of support for these political parties.<br /> <br /> ==={{anchor|Leaders involved in the revolution}}Leaders involved in the revolution===<br /> There were a few groups of leaders that were involved in the revolution and all of them may be distinguished by differences in class, social mobility, nationalist seniority, and ideology.<br /> <br /> Firstly, educated Indonesians who were sympathetic to the ideology of nationalism were involved in the revolution. Most of them received tertiary education and have adopted Western values and practices in their daily life. The connections with the traditional aristocratic families did not manage to stop these people from having strong beliefs in nationalism. Ultimately, they recognized that the presence of ''kerajaan'' might be one of the hindrances for East Sumatran society to achieve full liberalization.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=}} Members of this particular group were local governors and regional deputy governors such as [[Teuku Muhammad Hasan]] and Mohammad Amir.<br /> <br /> Besides, there was also another group of leaders who shared a similar ideology of nationalism. Unlike those mentioned earlier, this group of leaders were actively involved with nationalist movements before the Pacific War.{{sfn|Palazzo|p=}} Most of them used to collaborate with the Japanese occupiers as administrative personnel and they were motivated to join this revolution so as to promote the political ideology of nationalism as well as to continue their leadership during the post-war period.<br /> <br /> Secondly, locals who rose to prominence after undergoing military training in Japanese military organisations during the period of Japanese occupation were also responsible for the revolution. These &quot;people's volunteer armies&quot; were equipped with rich military experiences and that has imbued them with a deeper commitment to radical nationalism. Eventually, some of them became militia leaders in the earlier phase of the social revolution.{{sfn|Kahin|1999|p=99}} Many scholars including Anthony Reid and Mohammad Said have highlighted the importance of these people in initiating and executing the 1946 social revolution in East Sumatra.{{sfn|Said|1973|pp=145–186}}{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=}}<br /> <br /> Thirdly, Muslim reformist forces were involved in Islamic movements to resist against the ''kerajaan'' and Malay aristocrats. Supporters of the Islamic movements had faced oppression by the sultans who claimed that they were advocating an Islam that was different from the Malay orientation. In order to protect their own religious interests, these anti-''kerajaan'' activists came together to fight against the Malay elites.{{sfn|Ariffin|1993|p=85}}<br /> <br /> ==Aftermath==<br /> === East Sumatra ===<br /> {{Main|East Sumatra}}<br /> [[File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Spandoeken tijdens het bezoek van de Wali Negara Sumatera Timur aan Pematangsiantar TMnr 60024766.jpg|thumbnail|right|alt=Large crowd, holding banners|NST supporters]]<br /> The revolutionaries, including the armed ''Pemuda'', were able to fight the Dutch return with a common unifying goal in 1945, but there were insufficient resources to last through a longer period than 1947. The Dutch return during the second half of 1947 had to rely on the support from Malay aristocrats, especially when it was facing tougher guerrilla opposition after the ceasefire. In addition to Malay support for the reinstatement of Dutch rule, representatives of other groups expressed similar concerns (some Toba leaders and the Chinese community, in particular; these groups had benefited economically from Dutch rule). The Chinese community, who were economically advantaged, were also targeted by the ''pemuda'' and their property was seized.{{sfn|Dick|2002|p=103}} In this uncertain milieu, the Chinese community saw the British and Dutch colonial forces as protectors.<br /> <br /> The East Sumatra Union (''Persatuan Sumatera Timur'') had been formed in 1938 by the westernized Malay elites to reassert Malay and Simalungun ethnic interests through support from the Dutch. With the support of these Malays, the Dutch attempted to establish a federal Indonesia consisting of a Dutch-supported State of East Sumara ({{lang-id|Negara Sumatera Timur}}, NST).{{sfn|Langenberg|1982|pp=1–30}} The threat felt by the Chinese also motivated them to co-operate with the Malay aristocrats, most of the Simalungun rajas, some Karo chieftains and the Dutch in creating the NST. Dr Tengku Mansur (a member of the Asahan royal family) was selected as head of state and the NST lasted from December 1947 to August 1950. While the Dutch wanted the NST to be seen as an orderly and progressive alternative to the republic, the western-educated aristocrats saw NST as a bastion for their own ethnic interests.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=}} The NST began to disintegrate as soon as Dutch military support was withdrawn. The short-lived state was viewed with suspicion, and Dr Tengku Mansur eventually surrendered authority to the republic in August 1950,{{sfn|Reid|1971|pp=21–46}} which backed by military for the stability framework.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Consequently, East Sumatra was merged into a larger province of [[North Sumatra]], where it has remained till today.<br /> <br /> === Malaya ===<br /> The demise of the sultans in East Sumatra was the turning point in British Malaya. This was politically motivating Malayan Malay against the [[Parti Kebangsaan Melayu Malaya|Malay Nationalist Party]] (MNP) which was Tan Malaka allies. During March 1946, [[United Malays National Organisation]] (UMNO) went with full support of Malay sultans as their inactivity would lead to similar fate as their relatives in East Sumatra. From August to Novem­ber 1946, UMNO was in negotiation with British while MNP was excluded. The rise of UMNO gave political voice for the popular support commanded by the conservative elite, inseparable to events in Indonesia, and has been beneficial for long-term British presence.{{Sfn|Poulgrain|1998|pp=44–45}}<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> *[[Indonesian National Revolution]]<br /> *[[History of Indonesia]]<br /> <br /> ==Notes==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Ariffin| first = Omar | title = Bangsa Melayu: Malay Concepts of Democracy and Community 1945–1950|language = id | publisher = Oxford University Press|location = Oxford| year = 1993| isbn = 0195886135 }}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Ariffin| first = Omar | title = Revolusi Indonesia dan Bangsa Melayu: Runtuhnya Kerajaan-Kerajaan Melayu Sumatera Timur Pada Tahun 1946|language = id |publisher = Koperasi Kedai Buku Universiti Sains Malaysia Sdn Bhd|location = Pulau Pinang | year = 1999| isbn = 983861193X}}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Dick| first = H.W. | title = The Emergence of a National Economy : An Economic History of Indonesia, 1800-2000| publisher = Asian Studies Association of Australia in association with Allen &amp; Unwin|location = Australia| year = 2002| isbn = 9781741150209}}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Kahin| first = Audrey R.| title = Regional Dynamics of the Indonesian Revolution: Unity From Diversity| publisher = University of Hawaii Press|location = United States| year = 1985| isbn = 0824809823}}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Kahin | first = George McTurnan | title = Nationalism and Revolution in Indonesia | publisher = Cornell University Press | year = 1970 | isbn = 0-8014-9108-8 }}<br /> * {{cite book |last1=Kahin |first1=Audrey |title=Rebellion to Integration: West Sumatra and the Indonesian Polity |date=1999 |publisher=Amsterdam University Press |location=Amsterdam |isbn=9053563954}}<br /> *{{Cite book| last = Kipp| first = Rita Smith| title = Dissociated Identities: Ethnicity, Religion and Class in an Indonesian Society| publisher = University of Michigan Press| location = Ann Arbor| year = 1996| isbn = 047208402X| url-access = registration| url = https://archive.org/details/dissociatedident00rita_0}}<br /> *{{cite book|last1=Bertrand|first1=Jacques|last2=Laliberte|first2=Ander|title=Multination States in Asia: Accommodation or Resistance <br /> |date=2010|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge|isbn=978-0511750755|page=34}}<br /> *{{cite journal | last = Langenberg| first = Michael. van. | title = Class and Ethnic Conflict in Indonesian's Decolonization Process: A Study of East Sumatra| publisher = Cornell University: Indonesia Southeast Asia Program Publications|journal=Indonesia |volume= 33|issue=33 |pages=1–30 |date=April 1982| doi = 10.2307/3350925 | jstor = 3350925 |url=https://ecommons.cornell.edu/bitstream/handle/1813/53737/INDO_33_0_1107016894_1_30.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y}}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = McMillan| first = Richard| title = The British Occupation of Indonesia, 1945-1946: Britain, the Netherlands and the Indonesian revolution| publisher = Routledge|location = New York| year = 2005}}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Milner| first = Anthony| title = The Malays| publisher = Blackwell Publishing Ltd|location = United Kingdom | year = 2011| isbn = 978-1444339031 }}<br /> *{{cite web|last=Palazzo|first=Albert|title=The Netherlands East Indies and the Pacific War|url=http://www.awm.gov.au/exhibitions/alliesinadversity/essay/index.asp|work=Allies in Adversity. Australia and the Dutch in the Pacific War|publisher=Australian War Memorial}}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Poulgrain| first = Greg| title = The Genesis of Konfrontasi: Malaysia, Brunei and Indonesia 1945–1965| publisher = Crawford House Publishing Pty Ltd|location = Australia| year = 1998| isbn = 1850655138}}<br /> *{{cite journal|last1=Reid|first1=Anthony|title=The Birth of the Republic in Sumatra |journal=Indonesia |date=1971 | volume=12 |issue=Oct |url=https://ecommons.cornell.edu/bitstream/handle/1813/53522/INDO_12_0_1107125075_21_46.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y |pages=21–46|doi=10.2307/3350656|jstor=3350656 }}<br /> *{{Cite book |last=Reid |first=Anthony |url=https://brill.com/view/title/23090 |title=An Indonesian Frontier: Acehnese and Other Histories of Sumatra |date=2004-01-01 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-48655-3 |doi=10.1163/9789004486553_018}}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Reid | first = Anthony| title = An Indonesian Frontier: Acehnese and Other Histories of Sumatra| publisher = Singapore University Press|location= Singapore| year = 2005| isbn = 9971692988}}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Reid | first = Anthony| author-link = Anthony Reid | title = The Blood of the People: Revolution &amp; the End of Traditional Rule in Northern Sumatra | publisher = NUS Press | year = 2014 | location = Singapore | isbn = 978-9971-69-637-5 }}<br /> *{{cite journal | last = Said| first = H. Mohammed | title = What was the Social Revolution of 1946 in East Sumatra| publisher = Cornell University: Indonesia Southeast Asia Program Publications|journal=Indonesia |volume= 15|issue=15 |pages=145–186 |date=April 1973| doi = 10.2307/3350795 | jstor = 3350795 | hdl = 1813/53556 |url= https://ecommons.cornell.edu/bitstream/handle/1813/53556/INDO_15_0_1107128614_145_186.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y}}<br /> *{{Cite journal |last1=Sutherland |first1=Heather |last2=van Goor |first2=J. |year=1986 |title=The Indonesian Revolution: A Review |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3351190 |journal=Indonesia |volume=42 |issue=42 |pages=113–118 |doi=10.2307/3351190|jstor=3351190 |hdl=1813/53847 |hdl-access=free}}<br /> <br /> {{Indonesian National Revolution}}<br /> [[Category:Massacres of the Indonesian National Revolution]]<br /> [[Category:Massacres committed by Indonesia]]<br /> [[Category:1940s in Indonesia]]<br /> [[Category:Massacres in 1946]]<br /> [[Category:Political and cultural purges]]<br /> [[Category:Regicides]]</div> Xbypass https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=East_Sumatra_revolution&diff=1239214380 East Sumatra revolution 2024-08-07T23:28:58Z <p>Xbypass: /* Political causes */</p> <hr /> <div>{{History of Indonesia}}<br /> {{Campaignbox Indonesian National Revolution}}<br /> {{EngvarB|date=September 2013}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2013}}<br /> <br /> The '''East Sumatra revolution''', also known as the '''East Sumatra social revolution''', began on 3 March 1946. Across 25 &quot;native states&quot;, many sultanates were overthrown and mass killing of members of the aristocratic families were performed by armed ''pergerakan'' groups (Indonesian nationalists).{{sfn|Said|1973|p=}} To the opportunistic ''pergerakan'' militants (especially [[Communist Party of Indonesia]] leaders [[Abdoe'lxarim M. S.]] and Luat Siregar), the revolutionary movement was seen as one of the means for East Sumatra to be freed from colonial overlordship and to join the larger [[Indonesian National Revolution]].{{sfn|Kahin|1970|p=180}} Participants of the revolution were believed to be provoked by leaders to kill aristocrats and create violence. These belligerents had three prime objectives: to eliminate the sultans and aristocrats (who were seen as Dutch allies), to seize their wealth (as sources of funding for the Indonesian independence campaign) and to eliminate the region's feudal social structure.{{sfn|Reid|2005|p=328}} The revolution brought about the formation of the [[State of East Sumatra]], which was dissolved when the region became part of the Indonesian republic.<br /> <br /> ==Background==<br /> The Dutch subjugated the Minangkabau of Sumatra in the [[Padri War]] and the [[Dutch expedition on the west coast of Sumatra]] occurred. There followed the [[conquest of the Aceh Sultanate]] of Sumatra.<br /> <br /> East Sumatra during colonial period was dominated by plantation with workers from diverse ethnicities. This was exploited by capitalism of European and benefit for local aristocratic group such as local chiefs and sultans. As government power became unstable because of Japanese occupation, tension between ethnicities and social class erupted.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Sutherland |first1=Heather |last2=van Goor |first2=J. |year=1986 |title=The Indonesian Revolution: A Review |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3351190 |journal=Indonesia |volume=42 |issue=42 |pages=113–118 |doi=10.2307/3351190|jstor=3351190 |hdl=1813/53847 |hdl-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === East Sumatra under the Dutch (1930s–1942) ===<br /> <br /> ==== {{anchor|Ethnic tensions}}Ethnic tensions ====<br /> [[File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM De Raja van Dolok met zijn gevolg Simeloengoen TMnr 10001725.jpg|thumbnail|right|alt=Seated raja, surrounded by other men|Simalungun king with his entourage]]<br /> The influx of Chinese, Javanese, and other ethnic immigrants to the region during the 1930s gave rise to several official associations associated with the kingdom to identify certain customary elements to form the cultural core of the East Sumatra society.{{sfn|Ariffin|1999|p=}} Even though the [[Karo people (Indonesia)|Karo]], [[Malays (ethnic group)|Malays]], and [[Simalungun people]]s were all recognised as indigenous communities in the region, the royalty and associations chose to emphasize more on preserving the Malay cultural identity. Special privileges were granted to the Malays (such as accessing to plantation land) by the Dutch and the social status of the Malays appeared to be much higher than the other indigenous communities in East Sumatra. As a result, members of the other two indigenous communities as well as the other locals felt this was unfair and that resulted in unwanted ethnic tensions. An increasing number of locals began to disagree with the Dutch and the Malay aristocrats due to the bias that these elites had towards the Malays.<br /> <br /> ==== {{anchor|Religious divisions and Islamic movements}}Religious divisions and Islamic movements ====<br /> Another division between the Malays and the two groups was religion, whereby the Malays were mostly Muslims and majority of the [[Karo people (Indonesia)]] and [[Simalungun]] were Christians or animists. Despite being the third-largest group in the 1930s, the Javanese, in particular the [[Abangan]], were perceived by the Malays to have a lower social status and their practice of Islam was seen to be nominal. The Malays were usually regarded as the traditional protectors of Islam by the authorities and the other Muslim reformist forces who advocated an Islam different from the Malay orientation were seen as threats to the authority of the sultans. The former was known as the Kaum Tua (old group) and the latter as the Kaum Muda (young group, reformist) who &quot;...sought to free the Islamic communities from superstitious beliefs.&quot;.{{sfn|Ariffin|1993|p=85}}<br /> <br /> There were two major modernist Islamic movements launched by the ''Kaum Muda'': firstly, the [[Muhammadiyah]] movement that involved conflicts over religious texts and teachings and secondly, the Jamiatul Wasliyah organization which shared common interests with Muhammadiah. Even though the ''Kuam Muda'' presented themselves as “non-political” Islamic leaders, the ''kerajaan'' still regarded those organizations with hostility and decided to support the ''Kuam Tua'' instead. Hence, the Malays were said to claim dominance in both political and cultural spheres, which led to resentment of the Malay aristocratic class and Malays in general.{{sfn|Kahin|1985|p=116}}<br /> <br /> ==== {{anchor|The political movement}}The political movement ====<br /> During the late 1930s, the national movements led by the ''pergerakan'' were developing rapidly among urban and educated sections of the Indonesian community.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=}} One example was the East Sumatra Association, which was created in 1938 by Dutch-educated Malays and was later led by Dr Tengku Mansur (who was connected to the ''Asahan'' royal family). The political association aimed to improve the social status of East Sumatran natives, including [[Simalungun people]] and [[Karo people (Indonesia)]]. The national movement then slowly reached out to small farmers of the tobacco-growing area, which eventually provided the rudiments of an important rural base for the two nationalist parties, ''GERINDO'' and ''PARINDRA'' in East Sumatra. Besides raising voices that disagreed with the Dutch repression and Malay aristocracy, the two parties also played important roles in initiating and mobilizing resources to support the 1946 East Sumatra social revolution.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=}} Moderate members of ''PARINDRA'' even took the initiative to form a ''Comité Indonesia'' in an attempt to present a united ''pergerakan'' front to the Japanese. They were motivated to launch a new Indonesian-controlled administration with the support from the Japanese. However, the garnering of support from the Japanese did not work out well because the priority of the Japanese was to obtain the oil and plantation produce from East Sumatra rather than making any significant political changes to the existing government structures.{{sfn|Kahin|1999|p=95}} Furthermore, the policies adopted by the Japanese were seen as a continuance of Dutch support for the ''kerajaan'' that caused nationalists to hold stronger negative feelings towards the Sultans and Malay aristocrats.<br /> <br /> === East Sumatra during the Japanese occupation (1942–early 1945) ===<br /> {{See also|Invasion of Sumatra (1942)}}<br /> [[File:Japanese_Occupation_of_Sumatra,_1942.jpg|thumb|right|Japanese paratroopers during the invasion of Sumatra in February 1942]]<br /> During the occupation, the Japanese implemented policies that were perceived as a continuance of Dutch support for the ''kerajaan''. Under the policies, the ''kerajaan'' were able to gain access to various incomes, titles, and religious authority that they used to have in the 1930s.{{sfn|Kahin|1999|p=95}} However, Japanese used available fragmentation between the ''pergerakan'' and the ''kerajaan''.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Reid |first=Anthony |url=https://brill.com/view/title/23090 |title=An Indonesian Frontier: Acehnese and Other Histories of Sumatra |date=2004-01-01 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-48655-3 |doi=10.1163/9789004486553_018}}&lt;/ref&gt; The regaining of Malay aristocrats’ power during the Japanese Occupation resulted in suppression of the peasant community in East Sumatra. Many Japanese officials managed to exploit food and labour supplies from the peasantry through the ''kerajaan'' hierarchy and that had increased the amount of economic pressure faced by the farming population of East Sumatra.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=}} Consequently, the credibility of those traditional, nationalists and religious leaders, who were assigned by the Japanese, was severely damaged. A new leadership was then formed by a group of ''pemuda'' (youth) who had received their formative education under the Japanese military groups (''Giyūgun'', ''[[Heiho]]'' and ''[[Tokubetsu Keisatsutai|Tokkeitai]]''). The military training guided by Japanese ethics and values fanned their nationalism and motivated them to defend their lands.{{sfn|Kahin|1999|p=118}} These Japanese-trained ''pemuda'' then took on active roles in fighting against the Dutch and Malay sultans during the 1946 East Sumatra Social Revolution.<br /> <br /> === Allied landings, local struggles and period of uncertainty (late 1945–1946) ===<br /> After the Japanese surrendered, the independence of Indonesia was [[Proclamation of Indonesian Independence|declared]] in Jakarta and [[Sukarno]] was chosen as the president of a new republic. Sumatra was then declared to be a province of the new republic and Medan was chosen as its capital.{{sfn|Bertrand|Laliberte|2010|p=34}} Despite this, many leaders were worried about the possibility of the Dutch returning and of the Malay and Batak aristocrats regaining their former power. <br /> <br /> From 21 August, leaflets were sent to Sumatra on Netherlands Indies Civil Administration. Japanese surrender was publicly announced on 22 August. On 25 August, Naval Lt. Brondgeest and Dutch-dominated unit landed near Pangkalan Brandan. Brondgeest, by 1 September, had been established base in Medan and contact with Japanese, Sultan of Deli, Sultan of Langkat, and other cooperative natives. This cooperative native asked for some reforms. Brondgeest decided to act independently from British and Japanese with local Ambonese and Menadonese as police force to control Medan and Republican movement. The Muslim fast was ended on 7 August and celebrated by mending relation with pro-Dutch peoples. On 14 September, Lt. Westerling and 3 others who were part of Dutch commando entered Medan to equip the police force.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; <br /> <br /> Many of the Japanese-trained unemployed ''pemuda'' of ex-Giyugun were then recruited by [[Abdoe'lxarim M. S.]] – the executor of the former ''Badan Oentoek Membantor Pertahanan Asia'' (Body for Assisting the Defence of Asia / BOMPA) property, who fed them BOMPA rice-stocks, and were then organised into a broader ''Persatuan Pemuda Latihan'' (Trained Youth Association) which include police, soldiers, and officials. On 23 September, the senior ex-Giyugun officer, First Lieutenant Achmad Tahir issued a meeting for all Japanese-trained Pemuda in ''Asrama Rensheikei''. Among these groups, some had contact with 'underground' groups with pre-war left wing experience. These groups include Karo group under the leaderships of Selamat Ginting, Tama Ginting, and Rakutta Sembiring Brahmana, and an &quot;anti-fascist&quot; group under Nathar Zainuddin a veteran islamist communist, which include [[Urbanus Pardede]], Bustami, Joenoes Nasution, and Marzuki Lubis. They plan to contact with Aminuddin Nazir of Inoue's coastal guard and by evening ''Badan Pemuda Indonesia'' or BPI was formed under Achmad Tahir as First Chairman.{{sfn|Reid|2014|pp=154-155}} Before the landings of the Allied (British) forces, these young ''pemuda'' were actively propagating information about the republic. They persuaded the senior Indonesian officials to resist the Japanese, the Dutch and Malay aristocrats. Therefore, these ''pemuda'' were seen as very nationalistic, eager to resist the return of the Dutch, and unsympathetic to the various ''kerajaan''.&quot;{{sfn|Ariffin|1993|p=85}} On 6 October, new Sultan of Deli who was known for his skeptic of Republic was installed.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; By 10 October 1945, ''[[Tentara Keamanan Rakyat]]'' or TKR of East Sumatra was formed with Achmad Tahir as Commander, Soetjipto as Chief-of-Staff, Capt. Hotman Sitoempul in Siantar, Lt. Martinus Lubis in Brastagi, and Lt. Djamin Ginting in Kabanjahe.{{sfn|Reid|2014|pp=161-162}}<br /> <br /> The initial landings of Allied forces (the British) and the Dutch, were not opposed by ''pemuda'' troops as Governor [[Teuku Muhammad Hasan|Hasan]] followed official republican policies of cooperating with the Allied. The flashpoint in Medan was the former Pensiun Wilhelmina in Jalan Bali, Medan, which was used as hostel and housed Westerling's ex-KNIL troops of mainly Ambonese. On 13 October 1945, supposedly an incident happened where one of the Dutch sentries torn off and trampled a red and white pin worn by a child. An angry crowd began to gather and fighting began, resulting several wounded. Two Dutchman fired into the crowd from a car killing an Indonesian. Japanese troops arrived alongside TKR under Achmad Tahir and managed to calm the crowd. The crowd dispersed at 1.30 p.m., with two Indonesians and one Ambonese woman were killed in the fighting.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=159}} However two hours later, ''pemuda'' returned, leaving six killed and about 100 wounded among the Ambonese and Menadonese. The Dutchman in charge of the hotel and a swiss family were killed as a result. The attack spread to [[Pematangsiantar]], and on 15 October, a five-man detachment under Brondgeest who was sent to Siantar Hotel to check on Japanese troop concentrated there was attacked. The hotel was besieged and burned, killing all the Dutch soldiers, ten Ambonese soldiers, two ''pemuda'' and four Swiss who managed the hotel. These marked the beginning of [[Battle of Medan]], between republican troops of TKR under Achmad Tahir as well as various ''pemuda'' affiliated with semi-criminal Medan underworld and Allied forces under T.E.D Kelly.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=162}}<br /> <br /> On 18 October 1945, the control of Medan became the responsibility of the British, immediately after official orders were issued by Republican leaders for ''pemuda'' to surrender their weapons to the British troops.{{sfn|Kahin|1999|p=243}} Nonetheless, the ''pemuda'' of East Sumatra managed to acquire some weapons that were left over by Japanese soldiers after the surrender and used them to confront the British in the south of Medan on 10 December 1945.{{sfn|McMillan|2005|p=}} A strong sense of contingency was said to be present in the British policy as the political circumstances in Indonesia forced them to make decisions that were seemingly neither pro-Dutch nor pro-Indonesian,{{sfn|McMillan|2005|p=}} although British intelligence manipulated events to pressure the (British) Malay monarchs for political initiatives in order to avoid being revolutionary targets.{{Sfn|Poulgrain|1998|pp=42–48}} Tensions between the Dutch and British modes of operation as well as the strong resistance from Indonesian nationalists resulted in low British morale throughout the post-war British occupation.{{sfn|McMillan|2005|p=}} After consultation with General Chambers in Padang, on 26 October Kelly disarmed and disbanded Ambonese forces under [[Raymond Westerling|Westerling]] and Brondgeest, and the Dutch detainees were again guarded by Japanese forces. Only Westerling remained behind at Kelly's request to put his terrorist tactics to work with the British.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=161}} British commander published on 24 December 1945 his intent to recognise TKR as official peacekeeper outside of Medan and British would give weapons (rubber-for-weapons) for some republican within Medan after rubber smuggling from Sumatra to Singapore in the period February-April 1946.{{Sfn|Poulgrain|1998|pp=40–41}}<br /> <br /> Armed clashes with the British, Dutch, and Japanese remained at a low level for the next two months until rumours that the Dutch were about to attempt a landing started spreading among the locals. On 3 March 1946, thousands of armed ''pemuda'' surrounded the palace in [[Tanjungbalai (city)|Tanjung Balai]] in response to the wide dissemination of reports that claimed that the ''kerajaan'' had formed a ''Comité van Ontvangst'' (reception committee) to welcome the Dutch.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=230}} The outbreak of violence between the ''kerajaan'' and the armed ''pemuda'' hence marked the start of the 1946 East Sumatra Social Revolution.<br /> <br /> == East Sumatra Social Revolution: 3 March 1946 ==<br /> On 3 March 1946, thousands of armed men assembled to oppose the big sultanates after hearing the rumours that the Dutch were returning. Violence and bloodshed was involved, where seven princes, ninety aristocrats (in Langkat) and countless officials from native states were killed.{{sfn|Ariffin|1993|p=64}} The Sultan of Langkat's daughters were raped and poet [[Amir Hamzah|Tengku Amir Hamzah]] was killed on 9 March by the ''Pemuda'' (young Japanese-trained militant) leaders and many Malay farmers were forced to give up their plantation land that they had acquired under the Dutch to be redistributed for those former plantation workers and non-Malay farmers (mostly Javanese). The militants under the leadership of PESINDO (''Pemuda Sosialis Indonesia''), the [[Indonesian Communist Party]], and the [[Indonesian National Party]] attacked almost all of the Malay aristocrats. The wives and children of the aristocrat families were interned and their houses were ransacked for treasure by the ''Pemuda''. The sympathy that Malay aristocrats had for the Dutch and the threats that they represented to the independence of Indonesia were commonly seen as the two main reasons for the occurrence of this violent event.<br /> <br /> ==={{anchor|Main objectives}}Main objectives===<br /> There were three main objectives associated with the revolution that involved different groups of people: firstly, to seize Malay aristocrats and their principal supporters so as to thwart their plans for the return of the Dutch; secondly, gain control of ''kerajaan'' the Malay sultanates' wealth in order to sustain the expenses for the national struggle and thirdly, to exercise political and societal changes in accordance to the Marxist intellectuals who were involved in the event.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=230}}<br /> <br /> ==={{anchor|Causes}}Causes===<br /> The 1946 East Sumatra social revolution was an outcome of class, ideological, and ethnic tensions that had accumulated over several decades. Since the Dutch colonial period, the region's demographics, socio-political structure, and economic system had undergone great changes. Many locals, especially those of the low and middle classed, who were consistently suppressed under the hierarchy system, became highly dissatisfied with the ''kerajaan'' hierarchy and the Dutch. The national revolution also reflected a great diversity of interests from almost all sections of Sumatran society and several complex issues behind the fight for independence in East Sumatra.<br /> <br /> ==== Political causes ====<br /> [[File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM De prinsen van Deli Langkat en Serdang TMnr 10001178.jpg|thumbnail|right|alt=Three men in ceremonial dress|Malay princes of East Sumatra from the Royal Houses of Deli, Langkat and Serdang]]<br /> <br /> By 1942, the Dutch, who were accountable to the Netherlands East Indies government in Batavia, were holding on to majority of the administrative power in the region. A feudal government was formed over the four primary sultanates in the region ([[Sultanate of Langkat|Langkat]], [[Sultanate of Serdang|Serdang]], [[Sultanate of Deli|Deli]], and [[Asahan Sultanate|Asahan]]) and ''kerajaan'' before (and after) the arrival of the Dutch,{{sfn|Kahin|1985|p=113}} Under Dutch rule, the kingdoms and principalities were absorbed into a centralised political structure and these indigenous elites were included in the administration (which they shared with the Dutch) of the region.{{sfn|Kahin|1985|p=113}} Consequently, both the Dutch and Malay aristocrats were able to use their political power to launch policies that suppressed the rights of the commoners. Opposition to the Dutch repression and Malay aristocracy then began to arise among ordinary people. On 3 March 1946, thousands of armed ''pemuda'' surrounded the palace in [[Tanjungbalai (city)|Tanjung Balai]] in response to the wide dissemination of reports that claimed that the ''kerajaan'' had formed a ''Comité van Ontvangst'' (reception committee) to welcome the Dutch.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=230}}<br /> <br /> In the late February 1946, Major Ferguson, part of British intelligence, was closely linked with political machinations in East Sumatra. The sultan of Deli had armed British protection and allowed his state to become a stronghold of British Intelligence. A rumour circulated that the sultans of East Sumatra proposed to form a dominion within British Malaya. The dominion proposal was created to elicit hostility from the pemuda. After it was circulated, British authorities ignored the suggestion. Then, the sultans returned into cooperation with the Dutch. Major Ferguson and the acting governor of East Sumatra, Dr Amir, visited places in East Sumatra and returned to Medan on 2 March 1946.{{Sfn|Poulgrain||5=1998|pp=41–43}}<br /> <br /> Either Comité van Ontvangst to welcome the Dutch or British dominion proposal were anathema to the ''pemuda''. For the ''pemuda'', ''kerajaan'' symbolised colonial injustice. Whether under Dutch or British masters, ''kerajaan'' would remain elitist and become executive of foreign oppression. This would lead to immediate demand of retribution.{{Sfn|Poulgrain||5=1998|pp=|p=42}}<br /> <br /> ==== Socio-economic causes ====<br /> Apart from political causes, labour policies were also implemented to sustain the economy of the region. Large numbers of foreign labourers were brought in from China and Java to meet the strong demand for labour in East Sumatra's plantation economy (which made up 64 percent of economic production). &quot;In the case of the plantation economy in this region, this foreign labour was predominantly from the relatively overcrowded island of Java: by the 1930s, 43 percent of the population was 'Javanese'.&quot;{{sfn|Kipp|1996|p=46}} In addition to the Chinese and Javanese (who numbered about 192,000 and 590,000, respectively during the 1930s), the economy also attracted migrants from other parts of the Dutch East Indies. As a result, the percentages of the three main indigenous communities: the Malays, Karo, and Simalungun in the region were significantly reduced.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=43}} The changes in social structure prompted anxiety among the people of East Sumatra.<br /> <br /> The change in the socio-economic landscape also resulted in stark class differences within East Sumatran society. In the 1930s, many farmers of the tobacco area (Deli-Serdang-Langkat) were told to cultivate smaller areas while the Malay sultans, [[Simalungun people|Simalungun]], and [[Karo people (Indonesia)|Karo]] ''rajas'' benefited from preferential treatment by the Dutch in terms of land leasing.{{sfn|Dick|2002|p=103}} Those aristocrats were able to accumulate significant wealth by &quot;leas[ing] wide tracts of land, the disposal rights over which frequently had lain traditionally with the village, to foreign companies...&quot; and seizing most of the profits.{{sfn|Kahin|1970|p=179}} Eventually, most of the rural masses went to seek help from local political parties such as GERINDO (''Gerakan Rakyat Indonesia'') and the [[Great Indonesia Party]] (''Partai Indonesia Raya'') so as to make their grievances heard. The feelings of dissatisfaction that rural farmers had against the aristocrats then became a form of support for these political parties.<br /> <br /> ==={{anchor|Leaders involved in the revolution}}Leaders involved in the revolution===<br /> There were a few groups of leaders that were involved in the revolution and all of them may be distinguished by differences in class, social mobility, nationalist seniority, and ideology.<br /> <br /> Firstly, educated Indonesians who were sympathetic to the ideology of nationalism were involved in the revolution. Most of them received tertiary education and have adopted Western values and practices in their daily life. The connections with the traditional aristocratic families did not manage to stop these people from having strong beliefs in nationalism. Ultimately, they recognized that the presence of ''kerajaan'' might be one of the hindrances for East Sumatran society to achieve full liberalization.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=}} Members of this particular group were local governors and regional deputy governors such as [[Teuku Muhammad Hasan]] and Mohammad Amir.<br /> <br /> Besides, there was also another group of leaders who shared a similar ideology of nationalism. Unlike those mentioned earlier, this group of leaders were actively involved with nationalist movements before the Pacific War.{{sfn|Palazzo|p=}} Most of them used to collaborate with the Japanese occupiers as administrative personnel and they were motivated to join this revolution so as to promote the political ideology of nationalism as well as to continue their leadership during the post-war period.<br /> <br /> Secondly, locals who rose to prominence after undergoing military training in Japanese military organisations during the period of Japanese occupation were also responsible for the revolution. These &quot;people's volunteer armies&quot; were equipped with rich military experiences and that has imbued them with a deeper commitment to radical nationalism. Eventually, some of them became militia leaders in the earlier phase of the social revolution.{{sfn|Kahin|1999|p=99}} Many scholars including Anthony Reid and Mohammad Said have highlighted the importance of these people in initiating and executing the 1946 social revolution in East Sumatra.{{sfn|Said|1973|pp=145–186}}{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=}}<br /> <br /> Thirdly, Muslim reformist forces were involved in Islamic movements to resist against the ''kerajaan'' and Malay aristocrats. Supporters of the Islamic movements had faced oppression by the sultans who claimed that they were advocating an Islam that was different from the Malay orientation. In order to protect their own religious interests, these anti-''kerajaan'' activists came together to fight against the Malay elites.{{sfn|Ariffin|1993|p=85}}<br /> <br /> ==Aftermath==<br /> === East Sumatra ===<br /> {{Main|East Sumatra}}<br /> [[File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Spandoeken tijdens het bezoek van de Wali Negara Sumatera Timur aan Pematangsiantar TMnr 60024766.jpg|thumbnail|right|alt=Large crowd, holding banners|NST supporters]]<br /> The revolutionaries, including the armed ''Pemuda'', were able to fight the Dutch return with a common unifying goal in 1945, but there were insufficient resources to last through a longer period than 1947. The Dutch return during the second half of 1947 had to rely on the support from Malay aristocrats, especially when it was facing tougher guerrilla opposition after the ceasefire. In addition to Malay support for the reinstatement of Dutch rule, representatives of other groups expressed similar concerns (some Toba leaders and the Chinese community, in particular; these groups had benefited economically from Dutch rule). The Chinese community, who were economically advantaged, were also targeted by the ''pemuda'' and their property was seized.{{sfn|Dick|2002|p=103}} In this uncertain milieu, the Chinese community saw the British and Dutch colonial forces as protectors.<br /> <br /> The East Sumatra Union (''Persatuan Sumatera Timur'') had been formed in 1938 by the westernized Malay elites to reassert Malay and Simalungun ethnic interests through support from the Dutch. With the support of these Malays, the Dutch attempted to establish a federal Indonesia consisting of a Dutch-supported State of East Sumara ({{lang-id|Negara Sumatera Timur}}, NST).{{sfn|Langenberg|1982|pp=1–30}} The threat felt by the Chinese also motivated them to co-operate with the Malay aristocrats, most of the Simalungun rajas, some Karo chieftains and the Dutch in creating the NST. Dr Tengku Mansur (a member of the Asahan royal family) was selected as head of state and the NST lasted from December 1947 to August 1950. While the Dutch wanted the NST to be seen as an orderly and progressive alternative to the republic, the western-educated aristocrats saw NST as a bastion for their own ethnic interests.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=}} The NST began to disintegrate as soon as Dutch military support was withdrawn. The short-lived state was viewed with suspicion, and Dr Tengku Mansur eventually surrendered authority to the republic in August 1950,{{sfn|Reid|1971|pp=21–46}} which backed by military for the stability framework.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Consequently, East Sumatra was merged into a larger province of [[North Sumatra]], where it has remained till today.<br /> <br /> === Malaya ===<br /> The demise of the sultans in East Sumatra was the turning point in British Malaya. This was politically motivating Malayan Malay against the [[Parti Kebangsaan Melayu Malaya|Malay Nationalist Party]] (MNP) which was Tan Malaka allies. During March 1946, [[United Malays National Organisation]] (UMNO) went with full support of Malay sultans as their inactivity would lead to similar fate as their relatives in East Sumatra. From August to Novem­ber 1946, UMNO was in negotiation with British while MNP was excluded. The rise of UMNO gave political voice for the popular support commanded by the conservative elite, inseparable to events in Indonesia, and has been beneficial for long-term British presence.{{Sfn|Poulgrain|1998|pp=44–45}}<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> *[[Indonesian National Revolution]]<br /> *[[History of Indonesia]]<br /> <br /> ==Notes==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Ariffin| first = Omar | title = Bangsa Melayu: Malay Concepts of Democracy and Community 1945–1950|language = id | publisher = Oxford University Press|location = Oxford| year = 1993| isbn = 0195886135 }}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Ariffin| first = Omar | title = Revolusi Indonesia dan Bangsa Melayu: Runtuhnya Kerajaan-Kerajaan Melayu Sumatera Timur Pada Tahun 1946|language = id |publisher = Koperasi Kedai Buku Universiti Sains Malaysia Sdn Bhd|location = Pulau Pinang | year = 1999| isbn = 983861193X}}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Dick| first = H.W. | title = The Emergence of a National Economy : An Economic History of Indonesia, 1800-2000| publisher = Asian Studies Association of Australia in association with Allen &amp; Unwin|location = Australia| year = 2002| isbn = 9781741150209}}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Kahin| first = Audrey R.| title = Regional Dynamics of the Indonesian Revolution: Unity From Diversity| publisher = University of Hawaii Press|location = United States| year = 1985| isbn = 0824809823}}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Kahin | first = George McTurnan | title = Nationalism and Revolution in Indonesia | publisher = Cornell University Press | year = 1970 | isbn = 0-8014-9108-8 }}<br /> * {{cite book |last1=Kahin |first1=Audrey |title=Rebellion to Integration: West Sumatra and the Indonesian Polity |date=1999 |publisher=Amsterdam University Press |location=Amsterdam |isbn=9053563954}}<br /> *{{Cite book| last = Kipp| first = Rita Smith| title = Dissociated Identities: Ethnicity, Religion and Class in an Indonesian Society| publisher = University of Michigan Press| location = Ann Arbor| year = 1996| isbn = 047208402X| url-access = registration| url = https://archive.org/details/dissociatedident00rita_0}}<br /> *{{cite book|last1=Bertrand|first1=Jacques|last2=Laliberte|first2=Ander|title=Multination States in Asia: Accommodation or Resistance <br /> |date=2010|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge|isbn=978-0511750755|page=34}}<br /> *{{cite journal | last = Langenberg| first = Michael. van. | title = Class and Ethnic Conflict in Indonesian's Decolonization Process: A Study of East Sumatra| publisher = Cornell University: Indonesia Southeast Asia Program Publications|journal=Indonesia |volume= 33|issue=33 |pages=1–30 |date=April 1982| doi = 10.2307/3350925 | jstor = 3350925 |url=https://ecommons.cornell.edu/bitstream/handle/1813/53737/INDO_33_0_1107016894_1_30.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y}}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = McMillan| first = Richard| title = The British Occupation of Indonesia, 1945-1946: Britain, the Netherlands and the Indonesian revolution| publisher = Routledge|location = New York| year = 2005}}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Milner| first = Anthony| title = The Malays| publisher = Blackwell Publishing Ltd|location = United Kingdom | year = 2011| isbn = 978-1444339031 }}<br /> *{{cite web|last=Palazzo|first=Albert|title=The Netherlands East Indies and the Pacific War|url=http://www.awm.gov.au/exhibitions/alliesinadversity/essay/index.asp|work=Allies in Adversity. Australia and the Dutch in the Pacific War|publisher=Australian War Memorial}}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Poulgrain| first = Greg| title = The Genesis of Konfrontasi: Malaysia, Brunei and Indonesia 1945–1965| publisher = Crawford House Publishing Pty Ltd|location = Australia| year = 1998| isbn = 1850655138}}<br /> *{{cite journal|last1=Reid|first1=Anthony|title=The Birth of the Republic in Sumatra |journal=Indonesia |date=1971 | volume=12 |issue=Oct |url=https://ecommons.cornell.edu/bitstream/handle/1813/53522/INDO_12_0_1107125075_21_46.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y |pages=21–46|doi=10.2307/3350656|jstor=3350656 }}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Reid | first = Anthony| title = An Indonesian Frontier: Acehnese and Other Histories of Sumatra| publisher = Singapore University Press|location= Singapore| year = 2005| isbn = 9971692988}}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Reid | first = Anthony| author-link = Anthony Reid | title = The Blood of the People: Revolution &amp; the End of Traditional Rule in Northern Sumatra | publisher = NUS Press | year = 2014 | location = Singapore | isbn = 978-9971-69-637-5 }}<br /> *{{cite journal | last = Said| first = H. Mohammed | title = What was the Social Revolution of 1946 in East Sumatra| publisher = Cornell University: Indonesia Southeast Asia Program Publications|journal=Indonesia |volume= 15|issue=15 |pages=145–186 |date=April 1973| doi = 10.2307/3350795 | jstor = 3350795 | hdl = 1813/53556 |url= https://ecommons.cornell.edu/bitstream/handle/1813/53556/INDO_15_0_1107128614_145_186.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y}}<br /> <br /> {{Indonesian National Revolution}}<br /> [[Category:Massacres of the Indonesian National Revolution]]<br /> [[Category:Massacres committed by Indonesia]]<br /> [[Category:1940s in Indonesia]]<br /> [[Category:Massacres in 1946]]<br /> [[Category:Political and cultural purges]]<br /> [[Category:Regicides]]</div> Xbypass https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=East_Sumatra_revolution&diff=1239214263 East Sumatra revolution 2024-08-07T23:28:08Z <p>Xbypass: /* Political causes */</p> <hr /> <div>{{History of Indonesia}}<br /> {{Campaignbox Indonesian National Revolution}}<br /> {{EngvarB|date=September 2013}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2013}}<br /> <br /> The '''East Sumatra revolution''', also known as the '''East Sumatra social revolution''', began on 3 March 1946. Across 25 &quot;native states&quot;, many sultanates were overthrown and mass killing of members of the aristocratic families were performed by armed ''pergerakan'' groups (Indonesian nationalists).{{sfn|Said|1973|p=}} To the opportunistic ''pergerakan'' militants (especially [[Communist Party of Indonesia]] leaders [[Abdoe'lxarim M. S.]] and Luat Siregar), the revolutionary movement was seen as one of the means for East Sumatra to be freed from colonial overlordship and to join the larger [[Indonesian National Revolution]].{{sfn|Kahin|1970|p=180}} Participants of the revolution were believed to be provoked by leaders to kill aristocrats and create violence. These belligerents had three prime objectives: to eliminate the sultans and aristocrats (who were seen as Dutch allies), to seize their wealth (as sources of funding for the Indonesian independence campaign) and to eliminate the region's feudal social structure.{{sfn|Reid|2005|p=328}} The revolution brought about the formation of the [[State of East Sumatra]], which was dissolved when the region became part of the Indonesian republic.<br /> <br /> ==Background==<br /> The Dutch subjugated the Minangkabau of Sumatra in the [[Padri War]] and the [[Dutch expedition on the west coast of Sumatra]] occurred. There followed the [[conquest of the Aceh Sultanate]] of Sumatra.<br /> <br /> East Sumatra during colonial period was dominated by plantation with workers from diverse ethnicities. This was exploited by capitalism of European and benefit for local aristocratic group such as local chiefs and sultans. As government power became unstable because of Japanese occupation, tension between ethnicities and social class erupted.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Sutherland |first1=Heather |last2=van Goor |first2=J. |year=1986 |title=The Indonesian Revolution: A Review |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3351190 |journal=Indonesia |volume=42 |issue=42 |pages=113–118 |doi=10.2307/3351190|jstor=3351190 |hdl=1813/53847 |hdl-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === East Sumatra under the Dutch (1930s–1942) ===<br /> <br /> ==== {{anchor|Ethnic tensions}}Ethnic tensions ====<br /> [[File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM De Raja van Dolok met zijn gevolg Simeloengoen TMnr 10001725.jpg|thumbnail|right|alt=Seated raja, surrounded by other men|Simalungun king with his entourage]]<br /> The influx of Chinese, Javanese, and other ethnic immigrants to the region during the 1930s gave rise to several official associations associated with the kingdom to identify certain customary elements to form the cultural core of the East Sumatra society.{{sfn|Ariffin|1999|p=}} Even though the [[Karo people (Indonesia)|Karo]], [[Malays (ethnic group)|Malays]], and [[Simalungun people]]s were all recognised as indigenous communities in the region, the royalty and associations chose to emphasize more on preserving the Malay cultural identity. Special privileges were granted to the Malays (such as accessing to plantation land) by the Dutch and the social status of the Malays appeared to be much higher than the other indigenous communities in East Sumatra. As a result, members of the other two indigenous communities as well as the other locals felt this was unfair and that resulted in unwanted ethnic tensions. An increasing number of locals began to disagree with the Dutch and the Malay aristocrats due to the bias that these elites had towards the Malays.<br /> <br /> ==== {{anchor|Religious divisions and Islamic movements}}Religious divisions and Islamic movements ====<br /> Another division between the Malays and the two groups was religion, whereby the Malays were mostly Muslims and majority of the [[Karo people (Indonesia)]] and [[Simalungun]] were Christians or animists. Despite being the third-largest group in the 1930s, the Javanese, in particular the [[Abangan]], were perceived by the Malays to have a lower social status and their practice of Islam was seen to be nominal. The Malays were usually regarded as the traditional protectors of Islam by the authorities and the other Muslim reformist forces who advocated an Islam different from the Malay orientation were seen as threats to the authority of the sultans. The former was known as the Kaum Tua (old group) and the latter as the Kaum Muda (young group, reformist) who &quot;...sought to free the Islamic communities from superstitious beliefs.&quot;.{{sfn|Ariffin|1993|p=85}}<br /> <br /> There were two major modernist Islamic movements launched by the ''Kaum Muda'': firstly, the [[Muhammadiyah]] movement that involved conflicts over religious texts and teachings and secondly, the Jamiatul Wasliyah organization which shared common interests with Muhammadiah. Even though the ''Kuam Muda'' presented themselves as “non-political” Islamic leaders, the ''kerajaan'' still regarded those organizations with hostility and decided to support the ''Kuam Tua'' instead. Hence, the Malays were said to claim dominance in both political and cultural spheres, which led to resentment of the Malay aristocratic class and Malays in general.{{sfn|Kahin|1985|p=116}}<br /> <br /> ==== {{anchor|The political movement}}The political movement ====<br /> During the late 1930s, the national movements led by the ''pergerakan'' were developing rapidly among urban and educated sections of the Indonesian community.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=}} One example was the East Sumatra Association, which was created in 1938 by Dutch-educated Malays and was later led by Dr Tengku Mansur (who was connected to the ''Asahan'' royal family). The political association aimed to improve the social status of East Sumatran natives, including [[Simalungun people]] and [[Karo people (Indonesia)]]. The national movement then slowly reached out to small farmers of the tobacco-growing area, which eventually provided the rudiments of an important rural base for the two nationalist parties, ''GERINDO'' and ''PARINDRA'' in East Sumatra. Besides raising voices that disagreed with the Dutch repression and Malay aristocracy, the two parties also played important roles in initiating and mobilizing resources to support the 1946 East Sumatra social revolution.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=}} Moderate members of ''PARINDRA'' even took the initiative to form a ''Comité Indonesia'' in an attempt to present a united ''pergerakan'' front to the Japanese. They were motivated to launch a new Indonesian-controlled administration with the support from the Japanese. However, the garnering of support from the Japanese did not work out well because the priority of the Japanese was to obtain the oil and plantation produce from East Sumatra rather than making any significant political changes to the existing government structures.{{sfn|Kahin|1999|p=95}} Furthermore, the policies adopted by the Japanese were seen as a continuance of Dutch support for the ''kerajaan'' that caused nationalists to hold stronger negative feelings towards the Sultans and Malay aristocrats.<br /> <br /> === East Sumatra during the Japanese occupation (1942–early 1945) ===<br /> {{See also|Invasion of Sumatra (1942)}}<br /> [[File:Japanese_Occupation_of_Sumatra,_1942.jpg|thumb|right|Japanese paratroopers during the invasion of Sumatra in February 1942]]<br /> During the occupation, the Japanese implemented policies that were perceived as a continuance of Dutch support for the ''kerajaan''. Under the policies, the ''kerajaan'' were able to gain access to various incomes, titles, and religious authority that they used to have in the 1930s.{{sfn|Kahin|1999|p=95}} However, Japanese used available fragmentation between the ''pergerakan'' and the ''kerajaan''.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Reid |first=Anthony |url=https://brill.com/view/title/23090 |title=An Indonesian Frontier: Acehnese and Other Histories of Sumatra |date=2004-01-01 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-48655-3 |doi=10.1163/9789004486553_018}}&lt;/ref&gt; The regaining of Malay aristocrats’ power during the Japanese Occupation resulted in suppression of the peasant community in East Sumatra. Many Japanese officials managed to exploit food and labour supplies from the peasantry through the ''kerajaan'' hierarchy and that had increased the amount of economic pressure faced by the farming population of East Sumatra.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=}} Consequently, the credibility of those traditional, nationalists and religious leaders, who were assigned by the Japanese, was severely damaged. A new leadership was then formed by a group of ''pemuda'' (youth) who had received their formative education under the Japanese military groups (''Giyūgun'', ''[[Heiho]]'' and ''[[Tokubetsu Keisatsutai|Tokkeitai]]''). The military training guided by Japanese ethics and values fanned their nationalism and motivated them to defend their lands.{{sfn|Kahin|1999|p=118}} These Japanese-trained ''pemuda'' then took on active roles in fighting against the Dutch and Malay sultans during the 1946 East Sumatra Social Revolution.<br /> <br /> === Allied landings, local struggles and period of uncertainty (late 1945–1946) ===<br /> After the Japanese surrendered, the independence of Indonesia was [[Proclamation of Indonesian Independence|declared]] in Jakarta and [[Sukarno]] was chosen as the president of a new republic. Sumatra was then declared to be a province of the new republic and Medan was chosen as its capital.{{sfn|Bertrand|Laliberte|2010|p=34}} Despite this, many leaders were worried about the possibility of the Dutch returning and of the Malay and Batak aristocrats regaining their former power. <br /> <br /> From 21 August, leaflets were sent to Sumatra on Netherlands Indies Civil Administration. Japanese surrender was publicly announced on 22 August. On 25 August, Naval Lt. Brondgeest and Dutch-dominated unit landed near Pangkalan Brandan. Brondgeest, by 1 September, had been established base in Medan and contact with Japanese, Sultan of Deli, Sultan of Langkat, and other cooperative natives. This cooperative native asked for some reforms. Brondgeest decided to act independently from British and Japanese with local Ambonese and Menadonese as police force to control Medan and Republican movement. The Muslim fast was ended on 7 August and celebrated by mending relation with pro-Dutch peoples. On 14 September, Lt. Westerling and 3 others who were part of Dutch commando entered Medan to equip the police force.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; <br /> <br /> Many of the Japanese-trained unemployed ''pemuda'' of ex-Giyugun were then recruited by [[Abdoe'lxarim M. S.]] – the executor of the former ''Badan Oentoek Membantor Pertahanan Asia'' (Body for Assisting the Defence of Asia / BOMPA) property, who fed them BOMPA rice-stocks, and were then organised into a broader ''Persatuan Pemuda Latihan'' (Trained Youth Association) which include police, soldiers, and officials. On 23 September, the senior ex-Giyugun officer, First Lieutenant Achmad Tahir issued a meeting for all Japanese-trained Pemuda in ''Asrama Rensheikei''. Among these groups, some had contact with 'underground' groups with pre-war left wing experience. These groups include Karo group under the leaderships of Selamat Ginting, Tama Ginting, and Rakutta Sembiring Brahmana, and an &quot;anti-fascist&quot; group under Nathar Zainuddin a veteran islamist communist, which include [[Urbanus Pardede]], Bustami, Joenoes Nasution, and Marzuki Lubis. They plan to contact with Aminuddin Nazir of Inoue's coastal guard and by evening ''Badan Pemuda Indonesia'' or BPI was formed under Achmad Tahir as First Chairman.{{sfn|Reid|2014|pp=154-155}} Before the landings of the Allied (British) forces, these young ''pemuda'' were actively propagating information about the republic. They persuaded the senior Indonesian officials to resist the Japanese, the Dutch and Malay aristocrats. Therefore, these ''pemuda'' were seen as very nationalistic, eager to resist the return of the Dutch, and unsympathetic to the various ''kerajaan''.&quot;{{sfn|Ariffin|1993|p=85}} On 6 October, new Sultan of Deli who was known for his skeptic of Republic was installed.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; By 10 October 1945, ''[[Tentara Keamanan Rakyat]]'' or TKR of East Sumatra was formed with Achmad Tahir as Commander, Soetjipto as Chief-of-Staff, Capt. Hotman Sitoempul in Siantar, Lt. Martinus Lubis in Brastagi, and Lt. Djamin Ginting in Kabanjahe.{{sfn|Reid|2014|pp=161-162}}<br /> <br /> The initial landings of Allied forces (the British) and the Dutch, were not opposed by ''pemuda'' troops as Governor [[Teuku Muhammad Hasan|Hasan]] followed official republican policies of cooperating with the Allied. The flashpoint in Medan was the former Pensiun Wilhelmina in Jalan Bali, Medan, which was used as hostel and housed Westerling's ex-KNIL troops of mainly Ambonese. On 13 October 1945, supposedly an incident happened where one of the Dutch sentries torn off and trampled a red and white pin worn by a child. An angry crowd began to gather and fighting began, resulting several wounded. Two Dutchman fired into the crowd from a car killing an Indonesian. Japanese troops arrived alongside TKR under Achmad Tahir and managed to calm the crowd. The crowd dispersed at 1.30 p.m., with two Indonesians and one Ambonese woman were killed in the fighting.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=159}} However two hours later, ''pemuda'' returned, leaving six killed and about 100 wounded among the Ambonese and Menadonese. The Dutchman in charge of the hotel and a swiss family were killed as a result. The attack spread to [[Pematangsiantar]], and on 15 October, a five-man detachment under Brondgeest who was sent to Siantar Hotel to check on Japanese troop concentrated there was attacked. The hotel was besieged and burned, killing all the Dutch soldiers, ten Ambonese soldiers, two ''pemuda'' and four Swiss who managed the hotel. These marked the beginning of [[Battle of Medan]], between republican troops of TKR under Achmad Tahir as well as various ''pemuda'' affiliated with semi-criminal Medan underworld and Allied forces under T.E.D Kelly.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=162}}<br /> <br /> On 18 October 1945, the control of Medan became the responsibility of the British, immediately after official orders were issued by Republican leaders for ''pemuda'' to surrender their weapons to the British troops.{{sfn|Kahin|1999|p=243}} Nonetheless, the ''pemuda'' of East Sumatra managed to acquire some weapons that were left over by Japanese soldiers after the surrender and used them to confront the British in the south of Medan on 10 December 1945.{{sfn|McMillan|2005|p=}} A strong sense of contingency was said to be present in the British policy as the political circumstances in Indonesia forced them to make decisions that were seemingly neither pro-Dutch nor pro-Indonesian,{{sfn|McMillan|2005|p=}} although British intelligence manipulated events to pressure the (British) Malay monarchs for political initiatives in order to avoid being revolutionary targets.{{Sfn|Poulgrain|1998|pp=42–48}} Tensions between the Dutch and British modes of operation as well as the strong resistance from Indonesian nationalists resulted in low British morale throughout the post-war British occupation.{{sfn|McMillan|2005|p=}} After consultation with General Chambers in Padang, on 26 October Kelly disarmed and disbanded Ambonese forces under [[Raymond Westerling|Westerling]] and Brondgeest, and the Dutch detainees were again guarded by Japanese forces. Only Westerling remained behind at Kelly's request to put his terrorist tactics to work with the British.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=161}} British commander published on 24 December 1945 his intent to recognise TKR as official peacekeeper outside of Medan and British would give weapons (rubber-for-weapons) for some republican within Medan after rubber smuggling from Sumatra to Singapore in the period February-April 1946.{{Sfn|Poulgrain|1998|pp=40–41}}<br /> <br /> Armed clashes with the British, Dutch, and Japanese remained at a low level for the next two months until rumours that the Dutch were about to attempt a landing started spreading among the locals. On 3 March 1946, thousands of armed ''pemuda'' surrounded the palace in [[Tanjungbalai (city)|Tanjung Balai]] in response to the wide dissemination of reports that claimed that the ''kerajaan'' had formed a ''Comité van Ontvangst'' (reception committee) to welcome the Dutch.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=230}} The outbreak of violence between the ''kerajaan'' and the armed ''pemuda'' hence marked the start of the 1946 East Sumatra Social Revolution.<br /> <br /> == East Sumatra Social Revolution: 3 March 1946 ==<br /> On 3 March 1946, thousands of armed men assembled to oppose the big sultanates after hearing the rumours that the Dutch were returning. Violence and bloodshed was involved, where seven princes, ninety aristocrats (in Langkat) and countless officials from native states were killed.{{sfn|Ariffin|1993|p=64}} The Sultan of Langkat's daughters were raped and poet [[Amir Hamzah|Tengku Amir Hamzah]] was killed on 9 March by the ''Pemuda'' (young Japanese-trained militant) leaders and many Malay farmers were forced to give up their plantation land that they had acquired under the Dutch to be redistributed for those former plantation workers and non-Malay farmers (mostly Javanese). The militants under the leadership of PESINDO (''Pemuda Sosialis Indonesia''), the [[Indonesian Communist Party]], and the [[Indonesian National Party]] attacked almost all of the Malay aristocrats. The wives and children of the aristocrat families were interned and their houses were ransacked for treasure by the ''Pemuda''. The sympathy that Malay aristocrats had for the Dutch and the threats that they represented to the independence of Indonesia were commonly seen as the two main reasons for the occurrence of this violent event.<br /> <br /> ==={{anchor|Main objectives}}Main objectives===<br /> There were three main objectives associated with the revolution that involved different groups of people: firstly, to seize Malay aristocrats and their principal supporters so as to thwart their plans for the return of the Dutch; secondly, gain control of ''kerajaan'' the Malay sultanates' wealth in order to sustain the expenses for the national struggle and thirdly, to exercise political and societal changes in accordance to the Marxist intellectuals who were involved in the event.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=230}}<br /> <br /> ==={{anchor|Causes}}Causes===<br /> The 1946 East Sumatra social revolution was an outcome of class, ideological, and ethnic tensions that had accumulated over several decades. Since the Dutch colonial period, the region's demographics, socio-political structure, and economic system had undergone great changes. Many locals, especially those of the low and middle classed, who were consistently suppressed under the hierarchy system, became highly dissatisfied with the ''kerajaan'' hierarchy and the Dutch. The national revolution also reflected a great diversity of interests from almost all sections of Sumatran society and several complex issues behind the fight for independence in East Sumatra.<br /> <br /> ==== Political causes ====<br /> [[File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM De prinsen van Deli Langkat en Serdang TMnr 10001178.jpg|thumbnail|right|alt=Three men in ceremonial dress|Malay princes of East Sumatra from the Royal Houses of Deli, Langkat and Serdang]]<br /> <br /> By 1942, the Dutch, who were accountable to the Netherlands East Indies government in Batavia, were holding on to majority of the administrative power in the region. A feudal government was formed over the four primary sultanates in the region ([[Sultanate of Langkat|Langkat]], [[Sultanate of Serdang|Serdang]], [[Sultanate of Deli|Deli]], and [[Asahan Sultanate|Asahan]]) and ''kerajaan'' before (and after) the arrival of the Dutch,{{sfn|Kahin|1985|p=113}} Under Dutch rule, the kingdoms and principalities were absorbed into a centralised political structure and these indigenous elites were included in the administration (which they shared with the Dutch) of the region.{{sfn|Kahin|1985|p=113}} Consequently, both the Dutch and Malay aristocrats were able to use their political power to launch policies that suppressed the rights of the commoners. Opposition to the Dutch repression and Malay aristocracy then began to arise among ordinary people. On 3 March 1946, thousands of armed ''pemuda'' surrounded the palace in [[Tanjungbalai (city)|Tanjung Balai]] in response to the wide dissemination of reports that claimed that the ''kerajaan'' had formed a ''Comité van Ontvangst'' (reception committee) to welcome the Dutch.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=230}}<br /> <br /> In the late February 1946, Major Ferguson, part of British intelligence, was closely linked with political machinations in East Sumatra. The sultan of Deli had armed British protection and allowed his state to become a stronghold of British Intelligence. A rumour circulated that the sultans of East Sumatra proposed to form a dominion within British Malaya. The dominion proposal was created to elicit hostility from the pemuda. After it was circulated, British authorities ignored the suggestion. Then, the sultans returned into cooperation with the Dutch. Major Ferguson and the acting governor of East Sumatra, Dr Amir, visited places in East Sumatra and returned to Medan on 2 March 1946.{{Sfn|Poulgrain||5=1998|pp=41–43}}<br /> <br /> Either Comité van Ontvangst to welcome the Dutch or British dominion proposal were anathema to the ''pemuda''. For the ''pemuda'', ''kerajaan'' symbolised colonial injustice. Whether under Dutch or British masters, ''kerajaan'' would remain elitist and become executive of foreign oppression. This would lead to immediate demand of retribution.{{Sfn|Poulgrain||5=1998|pp=42}}<br /> <br /> ==== Socio-economic causes ====<br /> Apart from political causes, labour policies were also implemented to sustain the economy of the region. Large numbers of foreign labourers were brought in from China and Java to meet the strong demand for labour in East Sumatra's plantation economy (which made up 64 percent of economic production). &quot;In the case of the plantation economy in this region, this foreign labour was predominantly from the relatively overcrowded island of Java: by the 1930s, 43 percent of the population was 'Javanese'.&quot;{{sfn|Kipp|1996|p=46}} In addition to the Chinese and Javanese (who numbered about 192,000 and 590,000, respectively during the 1930s), the economy also attracted migrants from other parts of the Dutch East Indies. As a result, the percentages of the three main indigenous communities: the Malays, Karo, and Simalungun in the region were significantly reduced.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=43}} The changes in social structure prompted anxiety among the people of East Sumatra.<br /> <br /> The change in the socio-economic landscape also resulted in stark class differences within East Sumatran society. In the 1930s, many farmers of the tobacco area (Deli-Serdang-Langkat) were told to cultivate smaller areas while the Malay sultans, [[Simalungun people|Simalungun]], and [[Karo people (Indonesia)|Karo]] ''rajas'' benefited from preferential treatment by the Dutch in terms of land leasing.{{sfn|Dick|2002|p=103}} Those aristocrats were able to accumulate significant wealth by &quot;leas[ing] wide tracts of land, the disposal rights over which frequently had lain traditionally with the village, to foreign companies...&quot; and seizing most of the profits.{{sfn|Kahin|1970|p=179}} Eventually, most of the rural masses went to seek help from local political parties such as GERINDO (''Gerakan Rakyat Indonesia'') and the [[Great Indonesia Party]] (''Partai Indonesia Raya'') so as to make their grievances heard. The feelings of dissatisfaction that rural farmers had against the aristocrats then became a form of support for these political parties.<br /> <br /> ==={{anchor|Leaders involved in the revolution}}Leaders involved in the revolution===<br /> There were a few groups of leaders that were involved in the revolution and all of them may be distinguished by differences in class, social mobility, nationalist seniority, and ideology.<br /> <br /> Firstly, educated Indonesians who were sympathetic to the ideology of nationalism were involved in the revolution. Most of them received tertiary education and have adopted Western values and practices in their daily life. The connections with the traditional aristocratic families did not manage to stop these people from having strong beliefs in nationalism. Ultimately, they recognized that the presence of ''kerajaan'' might be one of the hindrances for East Sumatran society to achieve full liberalization.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=}} Members of this particular group were local governors and regional deputy governors such as [[Teuku Muhammad Hasan]] and Mohammad Amir.<br /> <br /> Besides, there was also another group of leaders who shared a similar ideology of nationalism. Unlike those mentioned earlier, this group of leaders were actively involved with nationalist movements before the Pacific War.{{sfn|Palazzo|p=}} Most of them used to collaborate with the Japanese occupiers as administrative personnel and they were motivated to join this revolution so as to promote the political ideology of nationalism as well as to continue their leadership during the post-war period.<br /> <br /> Secondly, locals who rose to prominence after undergoing military training in Japanese military organisations during the period of Japanese occupation were also responsible for the revolution. These &quot;people's volunteer armies&quot; were equipped with rich military experiences and that has imbued them with a deeper commitment to radical nationalism. Eventually, some of them became militia leaders in the earlier phase of the social revolution.{{sfn|Kahin|1999|p=99}} Many scholars including Anthony Reid and Mohammad Said have highlighted the importance of these people in initiating and executing the 1946 social revolution in East Sumatra.{{sfn|Said|1973|pp=145–186}}{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=}}<br /> <br /> Thirdly, Muslim reformist forces were involved in Islamic movements to resist against the ''kerajaan'' and Malay aristocrats. Supporters of the Islamic movements had faced oppression by the sultans who claimed that they were advocating an Islam that was different from the Malay orientation. In order to protect their own religious interests, these anti-''kerajaan'' activists came together to fight against the Malay elites.{{sfn|Ariffin|1993|p=85}}<br /> <br /> ==Aftermath==<br /> === East Sumatra ===<br /> {{Main|East Sumatra}}<br /> [[File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Spandoeken tijdens het bezoek van de Wali Negara Sumatera Timur aan Pematangsiantar TMnr 60024766.jpg|thumbnail|right|alt=Large crowd, holding banners|NST supporters]]<br /> The revolutionaries, including the armed ''Pemuda'', were able to fight the Dutch return with a common unifying goal in 1945, but there were insufficient resources to last through a longer period than 1947. The Dutch return during the second half of 1947 had to rely on the support from Malay aristocrats, especially when it was facing tougher guerrilla opposition after the ceasefire. In addition to Malay support for the reinstatement of Dutch rule, representatives of other groups expressed similar concerns (some Toba leaders and the Chinese community, in particular; these groups had benefited economically from Dutch rule). The Chinese community, who were economically advantaged, were also targeted by the ''pemuda'' and their property was seized.{{sfn|Dick|2002|p=103}} In this uncertain milieu, the Chinese community saw the British and Dutch colonial forces as protectors.<br /> <br /> The East Sumatra Union (''Persatuan Sumatera Timur'') had been formed in 1938 by the westernized Malay elites to reassert Malay and Simalungun ethnic interests through support from the Dutch. With the support of these Malays, the Dutch attempted to establish a federal Indonesia consisting of a Dutch-supported State of East Sumara ({{lang-id|Negara Sumatera Timur}}, NST).{{sfn|Langenberg|1982|pp=1–30}} The threat felt by the Chinese also motivated them to co-operate with the Malay aristocrats, most of the Simalungun rajas, some Karo chieftains and the Dutch in creating the NST. Dr Tengku Mansur (a member of the Asahan royal family) was selected as head of state and the NST lasted from December 1947 to August 1950. While the Dutch wanted the NST to be seen as an orderly and progressive alternative to the republic, the western-educated aristocrats saw NST as a bastion for their own ethnic interests.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=}} The NST began to disintegrate as soon as Dutch military support was withdrawn. The short-lived state was viewed with suspicion, and Dr Tengku Mansur eventually surrendered authority to the republic in August 1950,{{sfn|Reid|1971|pp=21–46}} which backed by military for the stability framework.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Consequently, East Sumatra was merged into a larger province of [[North Sumatra]], where it has remained till today.<br /> <br /> === Malaya ===<br /> The demise of the sultans in East Sumatra was the turning point in British Malaya. This was politically motivating Malayan Malay against the [[Parti Kebangsaan Melayu Malaya|Malay Nationalist Party]] (MNP) which was Tan Malaka allies. During March 1946, [[United Malays National Organisation]] (UMNO) went with full support of Malay sultans as their inactivity would lead to similar fate as their relatives in East Sumatra. From August to Novem­ber 1946, UMNO was in negotiation with British while MNP was excluded. The rise of UMNO gave political voice for the popular support commanded by the conservative elite, inseparable to events in Indonesia, and has been beneficial for long-term British presence.{{Sfn|Poulgrain|1998|pp=44–45}}<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> *[[Indonesian National Revolution]]<br /> *[[History of Indonesia]]<br /> <br /> ==Notes==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Ariffin| first = Omar | title = Bangsa Melayu: Malay Concepts of Democracy and Community 1945–1950|language = id | publisher = Oxford University Press|location = Oxford| year = 1993| isbn = 0195886135 }}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Ariffin| first = Omar | title = Revolusi Indonesia dan Bangsa Melayu: Runtuhnya Kerajaan-Kerajaan Melayu Sumatera Timur Pada Tahun 1946|language = id |publisher = Koperasi Kedai Buku Universiti Sains Malaysia Sdn Bhd|location = Pulau Pinang | year = 1999| isbn = 983861193X}}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Dick| first = H.W. | title = The Emergence of a National Economy : An Economic History of Indonesia, 1800-2000| publisher = Asian Studies Association of Australia in association with Allen &amp; Unwin|location = Australia| year = 2002| isbn = 9781741150209}}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Kahin| first = Audrey R.| title = Regional Dynamics of the Indonesian Revolution: Unity From Diversity| publisher = University of Hawaii Press|location = United States| year = 1985| isbn = 0824809823}}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Kahin | first = George McTurnan | title = Nationalism and Revolution in Indonesia | publisher = Cornell University Press | year = 1970 | isbn = 0-8014-9108-8 }}<br /> * {{cite book |last1=Kahin |first1=Audrey |title=Rebellion to Integration: West Sumatra and the Indonesian Polity |date=1999 |publisher=Amsterdam University Press |location=Amsterdam |isbn=9053563954}}<br /> *{{Cite book| last = Kipp| first = Rita Smith| title = Dissociated Identities: Ethnicity, Religion and Class in an Indonesian Society| publisher = University of Michigan Press| location = Ann Arbor| year = 1996| isbn = 047208402X| url-access = registration| url = https://archive.org/details/dissociatedident00rita_0}}<br /> *{{cite book|last1=Bertrand|first1=Jacques|last2=Laliberte|first2=Ander|title=Multination States in Asia: Accommodation or Resistance <br /> |date=2010|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge|isbn=978-0511750755|page=34}}<br /> *{{cite journal | last = Langenberg| first = Michael. van. | title = Class and Ethnic Conflict in Indonesian's Decolonization Process: A Study of East Sumatra| publisher = Cornell University: Indonesia Southeast Asia Program Publications|journal=Indonesia |volume= 33|issue=33 |pages=1–30 |date=April 1982| doi = 10.2307/3350925 | jstor = 3350925 |url=https://ecommons.cornell.edu/bitstream/handle/1813/53737/INDO_33_0_1107016894_1_30.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y}}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = McMillan| first = Richard| title = The British Occupation of Indonesia, 1945-1946: Britain, the Netherlands and the Indonesian revolution| publisher = Routledge|location = New York| year = 2005}}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Milner| first = Anthony| title = The Malays| publisher = Blackwell Publishing Ltd|location = United Kingdom | year = 2011| isbn = 978-1444339031 }}<br /> *{{cite web|last=Palazzo|first=Albert|title=The Netherlands East Indies and the Pacific War|url=http://www.awm.gov.au/exhibitions/alliesinadversity/essay/index.asp|work=Allies in Adversity. Australia and the Dutch in the Pacific War|publisher=Australian War Memorial}}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Poulgrain| first = Greg| title = The Genesis of Konfrontasi: Malaysia, Brunei and Indonesia 1945–1965| publisher = Crawford House Publishing Pty Ltd|location = Australia| year = 1998| isbn = 1850655138}}<br /> *{{cite journal|last1=Reid|first1=Anthony|title=The Birth of the Republic in Sumatra |journal=Indonesia |date=1971 | volume=12 |issue=Oct |url=https://ecommons.cornell.edu/bitstream/handle/1813/53522/INDO_12_0_1107125075_21_46.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y |pages=21–46|doi=10.2307/3350656|jstor=3350656 }}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Reid | first = Anthony| title = An Indonesian Frontier: Acehnese and Other Histories of Sumatra| publisher = Singapore University Press|location= Singapore| year = 2005| isbn = 9971692988}}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Reid | first = Anthony| author-link = Anthony Reid | title = The Blood of the People: Revolution &amp; the End of Traditional Rule in Northern Sumatra | publisher = NUS Press | year = 2014 | location = Singapore | isbn = 978-9971-69-637-5 }}<br /> *{{cite journal | last = Said| first = H. Mohammed | title = What was the Social Revolution of 1946 in East Sumatra| publisher = Cornell University: Indonesia Southeast Asia Program Publications|journal=Indonesia |volume= 15|issue=15 |pages=145–186 |date=April 1973| doi = 10.2307/3350795 | jstor = 3350795 | hdl = 1813/53556 |url= https://ecommons.cornell.edu/bitstream/handle/1813/53556/INDO_15_0_1107128614_145_186.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y}}<br /> <br /> {{Indonesian National Revolution}}<br /> [[Category:Massacres of the Indonesian National Revolution]]<br /> [[Category:Massacres committed by Indonesia]]<br /> [[Category:1940s in Indonesia]]<br /> [[Category:Massacres in 1946]]<br /> [[Category:Political and cultural purges]]<br /> [[Category:Regicides]]</div> Xbypass https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=East_Sumatra_revolution&diff=1239212946 East Sumatra revolution 2024-08-07T23:17:32Z <p>Xbypass: /* East Sumatra */</p> <hr /> <div>{{History of Indonesia}}<br /> {{Campaignbox Indonesian National Revolution}}<br /> {{EngvarB|date=September 2013}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2013}}<br /> <br /> The '''East Sumatra revolution''', also known as the '''East Sumatra social revolution''', began on 3 March 1946. Across 25 &quot;native states&quot;, many sultanates were overthrown and mass killing of members of the aristocratic families were performed by armed ''pergerakan'' groups (Indonesian nationalists).{{sfn|Said|1973|p=}} To the opportunistic ''pergerakan'' militants (especially [[Communist Party of Indonesia]] leaders [[Abdoe'lxarim M. S.]] and Luat Siregar), the revolutionary movement was seen as one of the means for East Sumatra to be freed from colonial overlordship and to join the larger [[Indonesian National Revolution]].{{sfn|Kahin|1970|p=180}} Participants of the revolution were believed to be provoked by leaders to kill aristocrats and create violence. These belligerents had three prime objectives: to eliminate the sultans and aristocrats (who were seen as Dutch allies), to seize their wealth (as sources of funding for the Indonesian independence campaign) and to eliminate the region's feudal social structure.{{sfn|Reid|2005|p=328}} The revolution brought about the formation of the [[State of East Sumatra]], which was dissolved when the region became part of the Indonesian republic.<br /> <br /> ==Background==<br /> The Dutch subjugated the Minangkabau of Sumatra in the [[Padri War]] and the [[Dutch expedition on the west coast of Sumatra]] occurred. There followed the [[conquest of the Aceh Sultanate]] of Sumatra.<br /> <br /> East Sumatra during colonial period was dominated by plantation with workers from diverse ethnicities. This was exploited by capitalism of European and benefit for local aristocratic group such as local chiefs and sultans. As government power became unstable because of Japanese occupation, tension between ethnicities and social class erupted.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Sutherland |first1=Heather |last2=van Goor |first2=J. |year=1986 |title=The Indonesian Revolution: A Review |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3351190 |journal=Indonesia |volume=42 |issue=42 |pages=113–118 |doi=10.2307/3351190|jstor=3351190 |hdl=1813/53847 |hdl-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === East Sumatra under the Dutch (1930s–1942) ===<br /> <br /> ==== {{anchor|Ethnic tensions}}Ethnic tensions ====<br /> [[File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM De Raja van Dolok met zijn gevolg Simeloengoen TMnr 10001725.jpg|thumbnail|right|alt=Seated raja, surrounded by other men|Simalungun king with his entourage]]<br /> The influx of Chinese, Javanese, and other ethnic immigrants to the region during the 1930s gave rise to several official associations associated with the kingdom to identify certain customary elements to form the cultural core of the East Sumatra society.{{sfn|Ariffin|1999|p=}} Even though the [[Karo people (Indonesia)|Karo]], [[Malays (ethnic group)|Malays]], and [[Simalungun people]]s were all recognised as indigenous communities in the region, the royalty and associations chose to emphasize more on preserving the Malay cultural identity. Special privileges were granted to the Malays (such as accessing to plantation land) by the Dutch and the social status of the Malays appeared to be much higher than the other indigenous communities in East Sumatra. As a result, members of the other two indigenous communities as well as the other locals felt this was unfair and that resulted in unwanted ethnic tensions. An increasing number of locals began to disagree with the Dutch and the Malay aristocrats due to the bias that these elites had towards the Malays.<br /> <br /> ==== {{anchor|Religious divisions and Islamic movements}}Religious divisions and Islamic movements ====<br /> Another division between the Malays and the two groups was religion, whereby the Malays were mostly Muslims and majority of the [[Karo people (Indonesia)]] and [[Simalungun]] were Christians or animists. Despite being the third-largest group in the 1930s, the Javanese, in particular the [[Abangan]], were perceived by the Malays to have a lower social status and their practice of Islam was seen to be nominal. The Malays were usually regarded as the traditional protectors of Islam by the authorities and the other Muslim reformist forces who advocated an Islam different from the Malay orientation were seen as threats to the authority of the sultans. The former was known as the Kaum Tua (old group) and the latter as the Kaum Muda (young group, reformist) who &quot;...sought to free the Islamic communities from superstitious beliefs.&quot;.{{sfn|Ariffin|1993|p=85}}<br /> <br /> There were two major modernist Islamic movements launched by the ''Kaum Muda'': firstly, the [[Muhammadiyah]] movement that involved conflicts over religious texts and teachings and secondly, the Jamiatul Wasliyah organization which shared common interests with Muhammadiah. Even though the ''Kuam Muda'' presented themselves as “non-political” Islamic leaders, the ''kerajaan'' still regarded those organizations with hostility and decided to support the ''Kuam Tua'' instead. Hence, the Malays were said to claim dominance in both political and cultural spheres, which led to resentment of the Malay aristocratic class and Malays in general.{{sfn|Kahin|1985|p=116}}<br /> <br /> ==== {{anchor|The political movement}}The political movement ====<br /> During the late 1930s, the national movements led by the ''pergerakan'' were developing rapidly among urban and educated sections of the Indonesian community.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=}} One example was the East Sumatra Association, which was created in 1938 by Dutch-educated Malays and was later led by Dr Tengku Mansur (who was connected to the ''Asahan'' royal family). The political association aimed to improve the social status of East Sumatran natives, including [[Simalungun people]] and [[Karo people (Indonesia)]]. The national movement then slowly reached out to small farmers of the tobacco-growing area, which eventually provided the rudiments of an important rural base for the two nationalist parties, ''GERINDO'' and ''PARINDRA'' in East Sumatra. Besides raising voices that disagreed with the Dutch repression and Malay aristocracy, the two parties also played important roles in initiating and mobilizing resources to support the 1946 East Sumatra social revolution.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=}} Moderate members of ''PARINDRA'' even took the initiative to form a ''Comité Indonesia'' in an attempt to present a united ''pergerakan'' front to the Japanese. They were motivated to launch a new Indonesian-controlled administration with the support from the Japanese. However, the garnering of support from the Japanese did not work out well because the priority of the Japanese was to obtain the oil and plantation produce from East Sumatra rather than making any significant political changes to the existing government structures.{{sfn|Kahin|1999|p=95}} Furthermore, the policies adopted by the Japanese were seen as a continuance of Dutch support for the ''kerajaan'' that caused nationalists to hold stronger negative feelings towards the Sultans and Malay aristocrats.<br /> <br /> === East Sumatra during the Japanese occupation (1942–early 1945) ===<br /> {{See also|Invasion of Sumatra (1942)}}<br /> [[File:Japanese_Occupation_of_Sumatra,_1942.jpg|thumb|right|Japanese paratroopers during the invasion of Sumatra in February 1942]]<br /> During the occupation, the Japanese implemented policies that were perceived as a continuance of Dutch support for the ''kerajaan''. Under the policies, the ''kerajaan'' were able to gain access to various incomes, titles, and religious authority that they used to have in the 1930s.{{sfn|Kahin|1999|p=95}} However, Japanese used available fragmentation between the ''pergerakan'' and the ''kerajaan''.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Reid |first=Anthony |url=https://brill.com/view/title/23090 |title=An Indonesian Frontier: Acehnese and Other Histories of Sumatra |date=2004-01-01 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-48655-3 |doi=10.1163/9789004486553_018}}&lt;/ref&gt; The regaining of Malay aristocrats’ power during the Japanese Occupation resulted in suppression of the peasant community in East Sumatra. Many Japanese officials managed to exploit food and labour supplies from the peasantry through the ''kerajaan'' hierarchy and that had increased the amount of economic pressure faced by the farming population of East Sumatra.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=}} Consequently, the credibility of those traditional, nationalists and religious leaders, who were assigned by the Japanese, was severely damaged. A new leadership was then formed by a group of ''pemuda'' (youth) who had received their formative education under the Japanese military groups (''Giyūgun'', ''[[Heiho]]'' and ''[[Tokubetsu Keisatsutai|Tokkeitai]]''). The military training guided by Japanese ethics and values fanned their nationalism and motivated them to defend their lands.{{sfn|Kahin|1999|p=118}} These Japanese-trained ''pemuda'' then took on active roles in fighting against the Dutch and Malay sultans during the 1946 East Sumatra Social Revolution.<br /> <br /> === Allied landings, local struggles and period of uncertainty (late 1945–1946) ===<br /> After the Japanese surrendered, the independence of Indonesia was [[Proclamation of Indonesian Independence|declared]] in Jakarta and [[Sukarno]] was chosen as the president of a new republic. Sumatra was then declared to be a province of the new republic and Medan was chosen as its capital.{{sfn|Bertrand|Laliberte|2010|p=34}} Despite this, many leaders were worried about the possibility of the Dutch returning and of the Malay and Batak aristocrats regaining their former power. <br /> <br /> From 21 August, leaflets were sent to Sumatra on Netherlands Indies Civil Administration. Japanese surrender was publicly announced on 22 August. On 25 August, Naval Lt. Brondgeest and Dutch-dominated unit landed near Pangkalan Brandan. Brondgeest, by 1 September, had been established base in Medan and contact with Japanese, Sultan of Deli, Sultan of Langkat, and other cooperative natives. This cooperative native asked for some reforms. Brondgeest decided to act independently from British and Japanese with local Ambonese and Menadonese as police force to control Medan and Republican movement. The Muslim fast was ended on 7 August and celebrated by mending relation with pro-Dutch peoples. On 14 September, Lt. Westerling and 3 others who were part of Dutch commando entered Medan to equip the police force.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; <br /> <br /> Many of the Japanese-trained unemployed ''pemuda'' of ex-Giyugun were then recruited by [[Abdoe'lxarim M. S.]] – the executor of the former ''Badan Oentoek Membantor Pertahanan Asia'' (Body for Assisting the Defence of Asia / BOMPA) property, who fed them BOMPA rice-stocks, and were then organised into a broader ''Persatuan Pemuda Latihan'' (Trained Youth Association) which include police, soldiers, and officials. On 23 September, the senior ex-Giyugun officer, First Lieutenant Achmad Tahir issued a meeting for all Japanese-trained Pemuda in ''Asrama Rensheikei''. Among these groups, some had contact with 'underground' groups with pre-war left wing experience. These groups include Karo group under the leaderships of Selamat Ginting, Tama Ginting, and Rakutta Sembiring Brahmana, and an &quot;anti-fascist&quot; group under Nathar Zainuddin a veteran islamist communist, which include [[Urbanus Pardede]], Bustami, Joenoes Nasution, and Marzuki Lubis. They plan to contact with Aminuddin Nazir of Inoue's coastal guard and by evening ''Badan Pemuda Indonesia'' or BPI was formed under Achmad Tahir as First Chairman.{{sfn|Reid|2014|pp=154-155}} Before the landings of the Allied (British) forces, these young ''pemuda'' were actively propagating information about the republic. They persuaded the senior Indonesian officials to resist the Japanese, the Dutch and Malay aristocrats. Therefore, these ''pemuda'' were seen as very nationalistic, eager to resist the return of the Dutch, and unsympathetic to the various ''kerajaan''.&quot;{{sfn|Ariffin|1993|p=85}} On 6 October, new Sultan of Deli who was known for his skeptic of Republic was installed.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; By 10 October 1945, ''[[Tentara Keamanan Rakyat]]'' or TKR of East Sumatra was formed with Achmad Tahir as Commander, Soetjipto as Chief-of-Staff, Capt. Hotman Sitoempul in Siantar, Lt. Martinus Lubis in Brastagi, and Lt. Djamin Ginting in Kabanjahe.{{sfn|Reid|2014|pp=161-162}}<br /> <br /> The initial landings of Allied forces (the British) and the Dutch, were not opposed by ''pemuda'' troops as Governor [[Teuku Muhammad Hasan|Hasan]] followed official republican policies of cooperating with the Allied. The flashpoint in Medan was the former Pensiun Wilhelmina in Jalan Bali, Medan, which was used as hostel and housed Westerling's ex-KNIL troops of mainly Ambonese. On 13 October 1945, supposedly an incident happened where one of the Dutch sentries torn off and trampled a red and white pin worn by a child. An angry crowd began to gather and fighting began, resulting several wounded. Two Dutchman fired into the crowd from a car killing an Indonesian. Japanese troops arrived alongside TKR under Achmad Tahir and managed to calm the crowd. The crowd dispersed at 1.30 p.m., with two Indonesians and one Ambonese woman were killed in the fighting.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=159}} However two hours later, ''pemuda'' returned, leaving six killed and about 100 wounded among the Ambonese and Menadonese. The Dutchman in charge of the hotel and a swiss family were killed as a result. The attack spread to [[Pematangsiantar]], and on 15 October, a five-man detachment under Brondgeest who was sent to Siantar Hotel to check on Japanese troop concentrated there was attacked. The hotel was besieged and burned, killing all the Dutch soldiers, ten Ambonese soldiers, two ''pemuda'' and four Swiss who managed the hotel. These marked the beginning of [[Battle of Medan]], between republican troops of TKR under Achmad Tahir as well as various ''pemuda'' affiliated with semi-criminal Medan underworld and Allied forces under T.E.D Kelly.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=162}}<br /> <br /> On 18 October 1945, the control of Medan became the responsibility of the British, immediately after official orders were issued by Republican leaders for ''pemuda'' to surrender their weapons to the British troops.{{sfn|Kahin|1999|p=243}} Nonetheless, the ''pemuda'' of East Sumatra managed to acquire some weapons that were left over by Japanese soldiers after the surrender and used them to confront the British in the south of Medan on 10 December 1945.{{sfn|McMillan|2005|p=}} A strong sense of contingency was said to be present in the British policy as the political circumstances in Indonesia forced them to make decisions that were seemingly neither pro-Dutch nor pro-Indonesian,{{sfn|McMillan|2005|p=}} although British intelligence manipulated events to pressure the (British) Malay monarchs for political initiatives in order to avoid being revolutionary targets.{{Sfn|Poulgrain|1998|pp=42–48}} Tensions between the Dutch and British modes of operation as well as the strong resistance from Indonesian nationalists resulted in low British morale throughout the post-war British occupation.{{sfn|McMillan|2005|p=}} After consultation with General Chambers in Padang, on 26 October Kelly disarmed and disbanded Ambonese forces under [[Raymond Westerling|Westerling]] and Brondgeest, and the Dutch detainees were again guarded by Japanese forces. Only Westerling remained behind at Kelly's request to put his terrorist tactics to work with the British.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=161}} British commander published on 24 December 1945 his intent to recognise TKR as official peacekeeper outside of Medan and British would give weapons (rubber-for-weapons) for some republican within Medan after rubber smuggling from Sumatra to Singapore in the period February-April 1946.{{Sfn|Poulgrain|1998|pp=40–41}}<br /> <br /> Armed clashes with the British, Dutch, and Japanese remained at a low level for the next two months until rumours that the Dutch were about to attempt a landing started spreading among the locals. On 3 March 1946, thousands of armed ''pemuda'' surrounded the palace in [[Tanjungbalai (city)|Tanjung Balai]] in response to the wide dissemination of reports that claimed that the ''kerajaan'' had formed a ''Comité van Ontvangst'' (reception committee) to welcome the Dutch.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=230}} The outbreak of violence between the ''kerajaan'' and the armed ''pemuda'' hence marked the start of the 1946 East Sumatra Social Revolution.<br /> <br /> == East Sumatra Social Revolution: 3 March 1946 ==<br /> On 3 March 1946, thousands of armed men assembled to oppose the big sultanates after hearing the rumours that the Dutch were returning. Violence and bloodshed was involved, where seven princes, ninety aristocrats (in Langkat) and countless officials from native states were killed.{{sfn|Ariffin|1993|p=64}} The Sultan of Langkat's daughters were raped and poet [[Amir Hamzah|Tengku Amir Hamzah]] was killed on 9 March by the ''Pemuda'' (young Japanese-trained militant) leaders and many Malay farmers were forced to give up their plantation land that they had acquired under the Dutch to be redistributed for those former plantation workers and non-Malay farmers (mostly Javanese). The militants under the leadership of PESINDO (''Pemuda Sosialis Indonesia''), the [[Indonesian Communist Party]], and the [[Indonesian National Party]] attacked almost all of the Malay aristocrats. The wives and children of the aristocrat families were interned and their houses were ransacked for treasure by the ''Pemuda''. The sympathy that Malay aristocrats had for the Dutch and the threats that they represented to the independence of Indonesia were commonly seen as the two main reasons for the occurrence of this violent event.<br /> <br /> ==={{anchor|Main objectives}}Main objectives===<br /> There were three main objectives associated with the revolution that involved different groups of people: firstly, to seize Malay aristocrats and their principal supporters so as to thwart their plans for the return of the Dutch; secondly, gain control of ''kerajaan'' the Malay sultanates' wealth in order to sustain the expenses for the national struggle and thirdly, to exercise political and societal changes in accordance to the Marxist intellectuals who were involved in the event.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=230}}<br /> <br /> ==={{anchor|Causes}}Causes===<br /> The 1946 East Sumatra social revolution was an outcome of class, ideological, and ethnic tensions that had accumulated over several decades. Since the Dutch colonial period, the region's demographics, socio-political structure, and economic system had undergone great changes. Many locals, especially those of the low and middle classed, who were consistently suppressed under the hierarchy system, became highly dissatisfied with the ''kerajaan'' hierarchy and the Dutch. The national revolution also reflected a great diversity of interests from almost all sections of Sumatran society and several complex issues behind the fight for independence in East Sumatra.<br /> <br /> ==== Political causes ====<br /> [[File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM De prinsen van Deli Langkat en Serdang TMnr 10001178.jpg|thumbnail|right|alt=Three men in ceremonial dress|Malay princes of East Sumatra from the Royal Houses of Deli, Langkat and Serdang]]<br /> <br /> By 1942, the Dutch, who were accountable to the Netherlands East Indies government in Batavia, were holding on to majority of the administrative power in the region. A feudal government was formed over the four primary sultanates in the region ([[Sultanate of Langkat|Langkat]], [[Sultanate of Serdang|Serdang]], [[Sultanate of Deli|Deli]], and [[Asahan Sultanate|Asahan]]) and ''kerajaan'' before (and after) the arrival of the Dutch,{{sfn|Kahin|1985|p=113}} Under Dutch rule, the kingdoms and principalities were absorbed into a centralised political structure and these indigenous elites were included in the administration (which they shared with the Dutch) of the region.{{sfn|Kahin|1985|p=113}} Consequently, both the Dutch and Malay aristocrats were able to use their political power to launch policies that suppressed the rights of the commoners. Opposition to the Dutch repression and Malay aristocracy then began to arise among ordinary people.<br /> <br /> In the late February 1946, Major Ferguson, part of British intelligence, was closely linked with political machinations in East Sumatra. The sultan of Deli had armed British protection and allowed his state to become a stronghold of British Intelligence. A rumour circulated that the sultans of East Sumatra proposed to form a dominion within British Malaya. The dominion proposal was created to elicit hostility from the pemuda. After it was circulated, British authorities ignored the suggestion. Then, the sultans returned into cooperation with the Dutch. Major Ferguson and the acting governor of East Sumatra, Dr Amir, visited places in East Sumatra and returned to Medan on 2 March 1946.{{Sfn|Poulgrain||5=1998|pp=41–43}}<br /> <br /> ==== Socio-economic causes ====<br /> Apart from political causes, labour policies were also implemented to sustain the economy of the region. Large numbers of foreign labourers were brought in from China and Java to meet the strong demand for labour in East Sumatra's plantation economy (which made up 64 percent of economic production). &quot;In the case of the plantation economy in this region, this foreign labour was predominantly from the relatively overcrowded island of Java: by the 1930s, 43 percent of the population was 'Javanese'.&quot;{{sfn|Kipp|1996|p=46}} In addition to the Chinese and Javanese (who numbered about 192,000 and 590,000, respectively during the 1930s), the economy also attracted migrants from other parts of the Dutch East Indies. As a result, the percentages of the three main indigenous communities: the Malays, Karo, and Simalungun in the region were significantly reduced.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=43}} The changes in social structure prompted anxiety among the people of East Sumatra.<br /> <br /> The change in the socio-economic landscape also resulted in stark class differences within East Sumatran society. In the 1930s, many farmers of the tobacco area (Deli-Serdang-Langkat) were told to cultivate smaller areas while the Malay sultans, [[Simalungun people|Simalungun]], and [[Karo people (Indonesia)|Karo]] ''rajas'' benefited from preferential treatment by the Dutch in terms of land leasing.{{sfn|Dick|2002|p=103}} Those aristocrats were able to accumulate significant wealth by &quot;leas[ing] wide tracts of land, the disposal rights over which frequently had lain traditionally with the village, to foreign companies...&quot; and seizing most of the profits.{{sfn|Kahin|1970|p=179}} Eventually, most of the rural masses went to seek help from local political parties such as GERINDO (''Gerakan Rakyat Indonesia'') and the [[Great Indonesia Party]] (''Partai Indonesia Raya'') so as to make their grievances heard. The feelings of dissatisfaction that rural farmers had against the aristocrats then became a form of support for these political parties.<br /> <br /> ==={{anchor|Leaders involved in the revolution}}Leaders involved in the revolution===<br /> There were a few groups of leaders that were involved in the revolution and all of them may be distinguished by differences in class, social mobility, nationalist seniority, and ideology.<br /> <br /> Firstly, educated Indonesians who were sympathetic to the ideology of nationalism were involved in the revolution. Most of them received tertiary education and have adopted Western values and practices in their daily life. The connections with the traditional aristocratic families did not manage to stop these people from having strong beliefs in nationalism. Ultimately, they recognized that the presence of ''kerajaan'' might be one of the hindrances for East Sumatran society to achieve full liberalization.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=}} Members of this particular group were local governors and regional deputy governors such as [[Teuku Muhammad Hasan]] and Mohammad Amir.<br /> <br /> Besides, there was also another group of leaders who shared a similar ideology of nationalism. Unlike those mentioned earlier, this group of leaders were actively involved with nationalist movements before the Pacific War.{{sfn|Palazzo|p=}} Most of them used to collaborate with the Japanese occupiers as administrative personnel and they were motivated to join this revolution so as to promote the political ideology of nationalism as well as to continue their leadership during the post-war period.<br /> <br /> Secondly, locals who rose to prominence after undergoing military training in Japanese military organisations during the period of Japanese occupation were also responsible for the revolution. These &quot;people's volunteer armies&quot; were equipped with rich military experiences and that has imbued them with a deeper commitment to radical nationalism. Eventually, some of them became militia leaders in the earlier phase of the social revolution.{{sfn|Kahin|1999|p=99}} Many scholars including Anthony Reid and Mohammad Said have highlighted the importance of these people in initiating and executing the 1946 social revolution in East Sumatra.{{sfn|Said|1973|pp=145–186}}{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=}}<br /> <br /> Thirdly, Muslim reformist forces were involved in Islamic movements to resist against the ''kerajaan'' and Malay aristocrats. Supporters of the Islamic movements had faced oppression by the sultans who claimed that they were advocating an Islam that was different from the Malay orientation. In order to protect their own religious interests, these anti-''kerajaan'' activists came together to fight against the Malay elites.{{sfn|Ariffin|1993|p=85}}<br /> <br /> ==Aftermath==<br /> === East Sumatra ===<br /> {{Main|East Sumatra}}<br /> [[File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Spandoeken tijdens het bezoek van de Wali Negara Sumatera Timur aan Pematangsiantar TMnr 60024766.jpg|thumbnail|right|alt=Large crowd, holding banners|NST supporters]]<br /> The revolutionaries, including the armed ''Pemuda'', were able to fight the Dutch return with a common unifying goal in 1945, but there were insufficient resources to last through a longer period than 1947. The Dutch return during the second half of 1947 had to rely on the support from Malay aristocrats, especially when it was facing tougher guerrilla opposition after the ceasefire. In addition to Malay support for the reinstatement of Dutch rule, representatives of other groups expressed similar concerns (some Toba leaders and the Chinese community, in particular; these groups had benefited economically from Dutch rule). The Chinese community, who were economically advantaged, were also targeted by the ''pemuda'' and their property was seized.{{sfn|Dick|2002|p=103}} In this uncertain milieu, the Chinese community saw the British and Dutch colonial forces as protectors.<br /> <br /> The East Sumatra Union (''Persatuan Sumatera Timur'') had been formed in 1938 by the westernized Malay elites to reassert Malay and Simalungun ethnic interests through support from the Dutch. With the support of these Malays, the Dutch attempted to establish a federal Indonesia consisting of a Dutch-supported State of East Sumara ({{lang-id|Negara Sumatera Timur}}, NST).{{sfn|Langenberg|1982|pp=1–30}} The threat felt by the Chinese also motivated them to co-operate with the Malay aristocrats, most of the Simalungun rajas, some Karo chieftains and the Dutch in creating the NST. Dr Tengku Mansur (a member of the Asahan royal family) was selected as head of state and the NST lasted from December 1947 to August 1950. While the Dutch wanted the NST to be seen as an orderly and progressive alternative to the republic, the western-educated aristocrats saw NST as a bastion for their own ethnic interests.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=}} The NST began to disintegrate as soon as Dutch military support was withdrawn. The short-lived state was viewed with suspicion, and Dr Tengku Mansur eventually surrendered authority to the republic in August 1950,{{sfn|Reid|1971|pp=21–46}} which backed by military for the stability framework.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Consequently, East Sumatra was merged into a larger province of [[North Sumatra]], where it has remained till today.<br /> <br /> === Malaya ===<br /> The demise of the sultans in East Sumatra was the turning point in British Malaya. This was politically motivating Malayan Malay against the [[Parti Kebangsaan Melayu Malaya|Malay Nationalist Party]] (MNP) which was Tan Malaka allies. During March 1946, [[United Malays National Organisation]] (UMNO) went with full support of Malay sultans as their inactivity would lead to similar fate as their relatives in East Sumatra. From August to Novem­ber 1946, UMNO was in negotiation with British while MNP was excluded. The rise of UMNO gave political voice for the popular support commanded by the conservative elite, inseparable to events in Indonesia, and has been beneficial for long-term British presence.{{Sfn|Poulgrain|1998|pp=44–45}}<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> *[[Indonesian National Revolution]]<br /> *[[History of Indonesia]]<br /> <br /> ==Notes==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Ariffin| first = Omar | title = Bangsa Melayu: Malay Concepts of Democracy and Community 1945–1950|language = id | publisher = Oxford University Press|location = Oxford| year = 1993| isbn = 0195886135 }}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Ariffin| first = Omar | title = Revolusi Indonesia dan Bangsa Melayu: Runtuhnya Kerajaan-Kerajaan Melayu Sumatera Timur Pada Tahun 1946|language = id |publisher = Koperasi Kedai Buku Universiti Sains Malaysia Sdn Bhd|location = Pulau Pinang | year = 1999| isbn = 983861193X}}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Dick| first = H.W. | title = The Emergence of a National Economy : An Economic History of Indonesia, 1800-2000| publisher = Asian Studies Association of Australia in association with Allen &amp; Unwin|location = Australia| year = 2002| isbn = 9781741150209}}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Kahin| first = Audrey R.| title = Regional Dynamics of the Indonesian Revolution: Unity From Diversity| publisher = University of Hawaii Press|location = United States| year = 1985| isbn = 0824809823}}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Kahin | first = George McTurnan | title = Nationalism and Revolution in Indonesia | publisher = Cornell University Press | year = 1970 | isbn = 0-8014-9108-8 }}<br /> * {{cite book |last1=Kahin |first1=Audrey |title=Rebellion to Integration: West Sumatra and the Indonesian Polity |date=1999 |publisher=Amsterdam University Press |location=Amsterdam |isbn=9053563954}}<br /> *{{Cite book| last = Kipp| first = Rita Smith| title = Dissociated Identities: Ethnicity, Religion and Class in an Indonesian Society| publisher = University of Michigan Press| location = Ann Arbor| year = 1996| isbn = 047208402X| url-access = registration| url = https://archive.org/details/dissociatedident00rita_0}}<br /> *{{cite book|last1=Bertrand|first1=Jacques|last2=Laliberte|first2=Ander|title=Multination States in Asia: Accommodation or Resistance <br /> |date=2010|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge|isbn=978-0511750755|page=34}}<br /> *{{cite journal | last = Langenberg| first = Michael. van. | title = Class and Ethnic Conflict in Indonesian's Decolonization Process: A Study of East Sumatra| publisher = Cornell University: Indonesia Southeast Asia Program Publications|journal=Indonesia |volume= 33|issue=33 |pages=1–30 |date=April 1982| doi = 10.2307/3350925 | jstor = 3350925 |url=https://ecommons.cornell.edu/bitstream/handle/1813/53737/INDO_33_0_1107016894_1_30.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y}}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = McMillan| first = Richard| title = The British Occupation of Indonesia, 1945-1946: Britain, the Netherlands and the Indonesian revolution| publisher = Routledge|location = New York| year = 2005}}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Milner| first = Anthony| title = The Malays| publisher = Blackwell Publishing Ltd|location = United Kingdom | year = 2011| isbn = 978-1444339031 }}<br /> *{{cite web|last=Palazzo|first=Albert|title=The Netherlands East Indies and the Pacific War|url=http://www.awm.gov.au/exhibitions/alliesinadversity/essay/index.asp|work=Allies in Adversity. Australia and the Dutch in the Pacific War|publisher=Australian War Memorial}}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Poulgrain| first = Greg| title = The Genesis of Konfrontasi: Malaysia, Brunei and Indonesia 1945–1965| publisher = Crawford House Publishing Pty Ltd|location = Australia| year = 1998| isbn = 1850655138}}<br /> *{{cite journal|last1=Reid|first1=Anthony|title=The Birth of the Republic in Sumatra |journal=Indonesia |date=1971 | volume=12 |issue=Oct |url=https://ecommons.cornell.edu/bitstream/handle/1813/53522/INDO_12_0_1107125075_21_46.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y |pages=21–46|doi=10.2307/3350656|jstor=3350656 }}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Reid | first = Anthony| title = An Indonesian Frontier: Acehnese and Other Histories of Sumatra| publisher = Singapore University Press|location= Singapore| year = 2005| isbn = 9971692988}}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Reid | first = Anthony| author-link = Anthony Reid | title = The Blood of the People: Revolution &amp; the End of Traditional Rule in Northern Sumatra | publisher = NUS Press | year = 2014 | location = Singapore | isbn = 978-9971-69-637-5 }}<br /> *{{cite journal | last = Said| first = H. Mohammed | title = What was the Social Revolution of 1946 in East Sumatra| publisher = Cornell University: Indonesia Southeast Asia Program Publications|journal=Indonesia |volume= 15|issue=15 |pages=145–186 |date=April 1973| doi = 10.2307/3350795 | jstor = 3350795 | hdl = 1813/53556 |url= https://ecommons.cornell.edu/bitstream/handle/1813/53556/INDO_15_0_1107128614_145_186.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y}}<br /> <br /> {{Indonesian National Revolution}}<br /> [[Category:Massacres of the Indonesian National Revolution]]<br /> [[Category:Massacres committed by Indonesia]]<br /> [[Category:1940s in Indonesia]]<br /> [[Category:Massacres in 1946]]<br /> [[Category:Political and cultural purges]]<br /> [[Category:Regicides]]</div> Xbypass https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=East_Sumatra_revolution&diff=1239212548 East Sumatra revolution 2024-08-07T23:14:09Z <p>Xbypass: /* Allied landings, local struggles and period of uncertainty (late 1945–1946) */</p> <hr /> <div>{{History of Indonesia}}<br /> {{Campaignbox Indonesian National Revolution}}<br /> {{EngvarB|date=September 2013}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2013}}<br /> <br /> The '''East Sumatra revolution''', also known as the '''East Sumatra social revolution''', began on 3 March 1946. Across 25 &quot;native states&quot;, many sultanates were overthrown and mass killing of members of the aristocratic families were performed by armed ''pergerakan'' groups (Indonesian nationalists).{{sfn|Said|1973|p=}} To the opportunistic ''pergerakan'' militants (especially [[Communist Party of Indonesia]] leaders [[Abdoe'lxarim M. S.]] and Luat Siregar), the revolutionary movement was seen as one of the means for East Sumatra to be freed from colonial overlordship and to join the larger [[Indonesian National Revolution]].{{sfn|Kahin|1970|p=180}} Participants of the revolution were believed to be provoked by leaders to kill aristocrats and create violence. These belligerents had three prime objectives: to eliminate the sultans and aristocrats (who were seen as Dutch allies), to seize their wealth (as sources of funding for the Indonesian independence campaign) and to eliminate the region's feudal social structure.{{sfn|Reid|2005|p=328}} The revolution brought about the formation of the [[State of East Sumatra]], which was dissolved when the region became part of the Indonesian republic.<br /> <br /> ==Background==<br /> The Dutch subjugated the Minangkabau of Sumatra in the [[Padri War]] and the [[Dutch expedition on the west coast of Sumatra]] occurred. There followed the [[conquest of the Aceh Sultanate]] of Sumatra.<br /> <br /> East Sumatra during colonial period was dominated by plantation with workers from diverse ethnicities. This was exploited by capitalism of European and benefit for local aristocratic group such as local chiefs and sultans. As government power became unstable because of Japanese occupation, tension between ethnicities and social class erupted.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Sutherland |first1=Heather |last2=van Goor |first2=J. |year=1986 |title=The Indonesian Revolution: A Review |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3351190 |journal=Indonesia |volume=42 |issue=42 |pages=113–118 |doi=10.2307/3351190|jstor=3351190 |hdl=1813/53847 |hdl-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === East Sumatra under the Dutch (1930s–1942) ===<br /> <br /> ==== {{anchor|Ethnic tensions}}Ethnic tensions ====<br /> [[File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM De Raja van Dolok met zijn gevolg Simeloengoen TMnr 10001725.jpg|thumbnail|right|alt=Seated raja, surrounded by other men|Simalungun king with his entourage]]<br /> The influx of Chinese, Javanese, and other ethnic immigrants to the region during the 1930s gave rise to several official associations associated with the kingdom to identify certain customary elements to form the cultural core of the East Sumatra society.{{sfn|Ariffin|1999|p=}} Even though the [[Karo people (Indonesia)|Karo]], [[Malays (ethnic group)|Malays]], and [[Simalungun people]]s were all recognised as indigenous communities in the region, the royalty and associations chose to emphasize more on preserving the Malay cultural identity. Special privileges were granted to the Malays (such as accessing to plantation land) by the Dutch and the social status of the Malays appeared to be much higher than the other indigenous communities in East Sumatra. As a result, members of the other two indigenous communities as well as the other locals felt this was unfair and that resulted in unwanted ethnic tensions. An increasing number of locals began to disagree with the Dutch and the Malay aristocrats due to the bias that these elites had towards the Malays.<br /> <br /> ==== {{anchor|Religious divisions and Islamic movements}}Religious divisions and Islamic movements ====<br /> Another division between the Malays and the two groups was religion, whereby the Malays were mostly Muslims and majority of the [[Karo people (Indonesia)]] and [[Simalungun]] were Christians or animists. Despite being the third-largest group in the 1930s, the Javanese, in particular the [[Abangan]], were perceived by the Malays to have a lower social status and their practice of Islam was seen to be nominal. The Malays were usually regarded as the traditional protectors of Islam by the authorities and the other Muslim reformist forces who advocated an Islam different from the Malay orientation were seen as threats to the authority of the sultans. The former was known as the Kaum Tua (old group) and the latter as the Kaum Muda (young group, reformist) who &quot;...sought to free the Islamic communities from superstitious beliefs.&quot;.{{sfn|Ariffin|1993|p=85}}<br /> <br /> There were two major modernist Islamic movements launched by the ''Kaum Muda'': firstly, the [[Muhammadiyah]] movement that involved conflicts over religious texts and teachings and secondly, the Jamiatul Wasliyah organization which shared common interests with Muhammadiah. Even though the ''Kuam Muda'' presented themselves as “non-political” Islamic leaders, the ''kerajaan'' still regarded those organizations with hostility and decided to support the ''Kuam Tua'' instead. Hence, the Malays were said to claim dominance in both political and cultural spheres, which led to resentment of the Malay aristocratic class and Malays in general.{{sfn|Kahin|1985|p=116}}<br /> <br /> ==== {{anchor|The political movement}}The political movement ====<br /> During the late 1930s, the national movements led by the ''pergerakan'' were developing rapidly among urban and educated sections of the Indonesian community.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=}} One example was the East Sumatra Association, which was created in 1938 by Dutch-educated Malays and was later led by Dr Tengku Mansur (who was connected to the ''Asahan'' royal family). The political association aimed to improve the social status of East Sumatran natives, including [[Simalungun people]] and [[Karo people (Indonesia)]]. The national movement then slowly reached out to small farmers of the tobacco-growing area, which eventually provided the rudiments of an important rural base for the two nationalist parties, ''GERINDO'' and ''PARINDRA'' in East Sumatra. Besides raising voices that disagreed with the Dutch repression and Malay aristocracy, the two parties also played important roles in initiating and mobilizing resources to support the 1946 East Sumatra social revolution.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=}} Moderate members of ''PARINDRA'' even took the initiative to form a ''Comité Indonesia'' in an attempt to present a united ''pergerakan'' front to the Japanese. They were motivated to launch a new Indonesian-controlled administration with the support from the Japanese. However, the garnering of support from the Japanese did not work out well because the priority of the Japanese was to obtain the oil and plantation produce from East Sumatra rather than making any significant political changes to the existing government structures.{{sfn|Kahin|1999|p=95}} Furthermore, the policies adopted by the Japanese were seen as a continuance of Dutch support for the ''kerajaan'' that caused nationalists to hold stronger negative feelings towards the Sultans and Malay aristocrats.<br /> <br /> === East Sumatra during the Japanese occupation (1942–early 1945) ===<br /> {{See also|Invasion of Sumatra (1942)}}<br /> [[File:Japanese_Occupation_of_Sumatra,_1942.jpg|thumb|right|Japanese paratroopers during the invasion of Sumatra in February 1942]]<br /> During the occupation, the Japanese implemented policies that were perceived as a continuance of Dutch support for the ''kerajaan''. Under the policies, the ''kerajaan'' were able to gain access to various incomes, titles, and religious authority that they used to have in the 1930s.{{sfn|Kahin|1999|p=95}} However, Japanese used available fragmentation between the ''pergerakan'' and the ''kerajaan''.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Reid |first=Anthony |url=https://brill.com/view/title/23090 |title=An Indonesian Frontier: Acehnese and Other Histories of Sumatra |date=2004-01-01 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-48655-3 |doi=10.1163/9789004486553_018}}&lt;/ref&gt; The regaining of Malay aristocrats’ power during the Japanese Occupation resulted in suppression of the peasant community in East Sumatra. Many Japanese officials managed to exploit food and labour supplies from the peasantry through the ''kerajaan'' hierarchy and that had increased the amount of economic pressure faced by the farming population of East Sumatra.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=}} Consequently, the credibility of those traditional, nationalists and religious leaders, who were assigned by the Japanese, was severely damaged. A new leadership was then formed by a group of ''pemuda'' (youth) who had received their formative education under the Japanese military groups (''Giyūgun'', ''[[Heiho]]'' and ''[[Tokubetsu Keisatsutai|Tokkeitai]]''). The military training guided by Japanese ethics and values fanned their nationalism and motivated them to defend their lands.{{sfn|Kahin|1999|p=118}} These Japanese-trained ''pemuda'' then took on active roles in fighting against the Dutch and Malay sultans during the 1946 East Sumatra Social Revolution.<br /> <br /> === Allied landings, local struggles and period of uncertainty (late 1945–1946) ===<br /> After the Japanese surrendered, the independence of Indonesia was [[Proclamation of Indonesian Independence|declared]] in Jakarta and [[Sukarno]] was chosen as the president of a new republic. Sumatra was then declared to be a province of the new republic and Medan was chosen as its capital.{{sfn|Bertrand|Laliberte|2010|p=34}} Despite this, many leaders were worried about the possibility of the Dutch returning and of the Malay and Batak aristocrats regaining their former power. <br /> <br /> From 21 August, leaflets were sent to Sumatra on Netherlands Indies Civil Administration. Japanese surrender was publicly announced on 22 August. On 25 August, Naval Lt. Brondgeest and Dutch-dominated unit landed near Pangkalan Brandan. Brondgeest, by 1 September, had been established base in Medan and contact with Japanese, Sultan of Deli, Sultan of Langkat, and other cooperative natives. This cooperative native asked for some reforms. Brondgeest decided to act independently from British and Japanese with local Ambonese and Menadonese as police force to control Medan and Republican movement. The Muslim fast was ended on 7 August and celebrated by mending relation with pro-Dutch peoples. On 14 September, Lt. Westerling and 3 others who were part of Dutch commando entered Medan to equip the police force.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; <br /> <br /> Many of the Japanese-trained unemployed ''pemuda'' of ex-Giyugun were then recruited by [[Abdoe'lxarim M. S.]] – the executor of the former ''Badan Oentoek Membantor Pertahanan Asia'' (Body for Assisting the Defence of Asia / BOMPA) property, who fed them BOMPA rice-stocks, and were then organised into a broader ''Persatuan Pemuda Latihan'' (Trained Youth Association) which include police, soldiers, and officials. On 23 September, the senior ex-Giyugun officer, First Lieutenant Achmad Tahir issued a meeting for all Japanese-trained Pemuda in ''Asrama Rensheikei''. Among these groups, some had contact with 'underground' groups with pre-war left wing experience. These groups include Karo group under the leaderships of Selamat Ginting, Tama Ginting, and Rakutta Sembiring Brahmana, and an &quot;anti-fascist&quot; group under Nathar Zainuddin a veteran islamist communist, which include [[Urbanus Pardede]], Bustami, Joenoes Nasution, and Marzuki Lubis. They plan to contact with Aminuddin Nazir of Inoue's coastal guard and by evening ''Badan Pemuda Indonesia'' or BPI was formed under Achmad Tahir as First Chairman.{{sfn|Reid|2014|pp=154-155}} Before the landings of the Allied (British) forces, these young ''pemuda'' were actively propagating information about the republic. They persuaded the senior Indonesian officials to resist the Japanese, the Dutch and Malay aristocrats. Therefore, these ''pemuda'' were seen as very nationalistic, eager to resist the return of the Dutch, and unsympathetic to the various ''kerajaan''.&quot;{{sfn|Ariffin|1993|p=85}} On 6 October, new Sultan of Deli who was known for his skeptic of Republic was installed.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; By 10 October 1945, ''[[Tentara Keamanan Rakyat]]'' or TKR of East Sumatra was formed with Achmad Tahir as Commander, Soetjipto as Chief-of-Staff, Capt. Hotman Sitoempul in Siantar, Lt. Martinus Lubis in Brastagi, and Lt. Djamin Ginting in Kabanjahe.{{sfn|Reid|2014|pp=161-162}}<br /> <br /> The initial landings of Allied forces (the British) and the Dutch, were not opposed by ''pemuda'' troops as Governor [[Teuku Muhammad Hasan|Hasan]] followed official republican policies of cooperating with the Allied. The flashpoint in Medan was the former Pensiun Wilhelmina in Jalan Bali, Medan, which was used as hostel and housed Westerling's ex-KNIL troops of mainly Ambonese. On 13 October 1945, supposedly an incident happened where one of the Dutch sentries torn off and trampled a red and white pin worn by a child. An angry crowd began to gather and fighting began, resulting several wounded. Two Dutchman fired into the crowd from a car killing an Indonesian. Japanese troops arrived alongside TKR under Achmad Tahir and managed to calm the crowd. The crowd dispersed at 1.30 p.m., with two Indonesians and one Ambonese woman were killed in the fighting.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=159}} However two hours later, ''pemuda'' returned, leaving six killed and about 100 wounded among the Ambonese and Menadonese. The Dutchman in charge of the hotel and a swiss family were killed as a result. The attack spread to [[Pematangsiantar]], and on 15 October, a five-man detachment under Brondgeest who was sent to Siantar Hotel to check on Japanese troop concentrated there was attacked. The hotel was besieged and burned, killing all the Dutch soldiers, ten Ambonese soldiers, two ''pemuda'' and four Swiss who managed the hotel. These marked the beginning of [[Battle of Medan]], between republican troops of TKR under Achmad Tahir as well as various ''pemuda'' affiliated with semi-criminal Medan underworld and Allied forces under T.E.D Kelly.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=162}}<br /> <br /> On 18 October 1945, the control of Medan became the responsibility of the British, immediately after official orders were issued by Republican leaders for ''pemuda'' to surrender their weapons to the British troops.{{sfn|Kahin|1999|p=243}} Nonetheless, the ''pemuda'' of East Sumatra managed to acquire some weapons that were left over by Japanese soldiers after the surrender and used them to confront the British in the south of Medan on 10 December 1945.{{sfn|McMillan|2005|p=}} A strong sense of contingency was said to be present in the British policy as the political circumstances in Indonesia forced them to make decisions that were seemingly neither pro-Dutch nor pro-Indonesian,{{sfn|McMillan|2005|p=}} although British intelligence manipulated events to pressure the (British) Malay monarchs for political initiatives in order to avoid being revolutionary targets.{{Sfn|Poulgrain|1998|pp=42–48}} Tensions between the Dutch and British modes of operation as well as the strong resistance from Indonesian nationalists resulted in low British morale throughout the post-war British occupation.{{sfn|McMillan|2005|p=}} After consultation with General Chambers in Padang, on 26 October Kelly disarmed and disbanded Ambonese forces under [[Raymond Westerling|Westerling]] and Brondgeest, and the Dutch detainees were again guarded by Japanese forces. Only Westerling remained behind at Kelly's request to put his terrorist tactics to work with the British.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=161}} British commander published on 24 December 1945 his intent to recognise TKR as official peacekeeper outside of Medan and British would give weapons (rubber-for-weapons) for some republican within Medan after rubber smuggling from Sumatra to Singapore in the period February-April 1946.{{Sfn|Poulgrain|1998|pp=40–41}}<br /> <br /> Armed clashes with the British, Dutch, and Japanese remained at a low level for the next two months until rumours that the Dutch were about to attempt a landing started spreading among the locals. On 3 March 1946, thousands of armed ''pemuda'' surrounded the palace in [[Tanjungbalai (city)|Tanjung Balai]] in response to the wide dissemination of reports that claimed that the ''kerajaan'' had formed a ''Comité van Ontvangst'' (reception committee) to welcome the Dutch.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=230}} The outbreak of violence between the ''kerajaan'' and the armed ''pemuda'' hence marked the start of the 1946 East Sumatra Social Revolution.<br /> <br /> == East Sumatra Social Revolution: 3 March 1946 ==<br /> On 3 March 1946, thousands of armed men assembled to oppose the big sultanates after hearing the rumours that the Dutch were returning. Violence and bloodshed was involved, where seven princes, ninety aristocrats (in Langkat) and countless officials from native states were killed.{{sfn|Ariffin|1993|p=64}} The Sultan of Langkat's daughters were raped and poet [[Amir Hamzah|Tengku Amir Hamzah]] was killed on 9 March by the ''Pemuda'' (young Japanese-trained militant) leaders and many Malay farmers were forced to give up their plantation land that they had acquired under the Dutch to be redistributed for those former plantation workers and non-Malay farmers (mostly Javanese). The militants under the leadership of PESINDO (''Pemuda Sosialis Indonesia''), the [[Indonesian Communist Party]], and the [[Indonesian National Party]] attacked almost all of the Malay aristocrats. The wives and children of the aristocrat families were interned and their houses were ransacked for treasure by the ''Pemuda''. The sympathy that Malay aristocrats had for the Dutch and the threats that they represented to the independence of Indonesia were commonly seen as the two main reasons for the occurrence of this violent event.<br /> <br /> ==={{anchor|Main objectives}}Main objectives===<br /> There were three main objectives associated with the revolution that involved different groups of people: firstly, to seize Malay aristocrats and their principal supporters so as to thwart their plans for the return of the Dutch; secondly, gain control of ''kerajaan'' the Malay sultanates' wealth in order to sustain the expenses for the national struggle and thirdly, to exercise political and societal changes in accordance to the Marxist intellectuals who were involved in the event.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=230}}<br /> <br /> ==={{anchor|Causes}}Causes===<br /> The 1946 East Sumatra social revolution was an outcome of class, ideological, and ethnic tensions that had accumulated over several decades. Since the Dutch colonial period, the region's demographics, socio-political structure, and economic system had undergone great changes. Many locals, especially those of the low and middle classed, who were consistently suppressed under the hierarchy system, became highly dissatisfied with the ''kerajaan'' hierarchy and the Dutch. The national revolution also reflected a great diversity of interests from almost all sections of Sumatran society and several complex issues behind the fight for independence in East Sumatra.<br /> <br /> ==== Political causes ====<br /> [[File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM De prinsen van Deli Langkat en Serdang TMnr 10001178.jpg|thumbnail|right|alt=Three men in ceremonial dress|Malay princes of East Sumatra from the Royal Houses of Deli, Langkat and Serdang]]<br /> <br /> By 1942, the Dutch, who were accountable to the Netherlands East Indies government in Batavia, were holding on to majority of the administrative power in the region. A feudal government was formed over the four primary sultanates in the region ([[Sultanate of Langkat|Langkat]], [[Sultanate of Serdang|Serdang]], [[Sultanate of Deli|Deli]], and [[Asahan Sultanate|Asahan]]) and ''kerajaan'' before (and after) the arrival of the Dutch,{{sfn|Kahin|1985|p=113}} Under Dutch rule, the kingdoms and principalities were absorbed into a centralised political structure and these indigenous elites were included in the administration (which they shared with the Dutch) of the region.{{sfn|Kahin|1985|p=113}} Consequently, both the Dutch and Malay aristocrats were able to use their political power to launch policies that suppressed the rights of the commoners. Opposition to the Dutch repression and Malay aristocracy then began to arise among ordinary people.<br /> <br /> In the late February 1946, Major Ferguson, part of British intelligence, was closely linked with political machinations in East Sumatra. The sultan of Deli had armed British protection and allowed his state to become a stronghold of British Intelligence. A rumour circulated that the sultans of East Sumatra proposed to form a dominion within British Malaya. The dominion proposal was created to elicit hostility from the pemuda. After it was circulated, British authorities ignored the suggestion. Then, the sultans returned into cooperation with the Dutch. Major Ferguson and the acting governor of East Sumatra, Dr Amir, visited places in East Sumatra and returned to Medan on 2 March 1946.{{Sfn|Poulgrain||5=1998|pp=41–43}}<br /> <br /> ==== Socio-economic causes ====<br /> Apart from political causes, labour policies were also implemented to sustain the economy of the region. Large numbers of foreign labourers were brought in from China and Java to meet the strong demand for labour in East Sumatra's plantation economy (which made up 64 percent of economic production). &quot;In the case of the plantation economy in this region, this foreign labour was predominantly from the relatively overcrowded island of Java: by the 1930s, 43 percent of the population was 'Javanese'.&quot;{{sfn|Kipp|1996|p=46}} In addition to the Chinese and Javanese (who numbered about 192,000 and 590,000, respectively during the 1930s), the economy also attracted migrants from other parts of the Dutch East Indies. As a result, the percentages of the three main indigenous communities: the Malays, Karo, and Simalungun in the region were significantly reduced.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=43}} The changes in social structure prompted anxiety among the people of East Sumatra.<br /> <br /> The change in the socio-economic landscape also resulted in stark class differences within East Sumatran society. In the 1930s, many farmers of the tobacco area (Deli-Serdang-Langkat) were told to cultivate smaller areas while the Malay sultans, [[Simalungun people|Simalungun]], and [[Karo people (Indonesia)|Karo]] ''rajas'' benefited from preferential treatment by the Dutch in terms of land leasing.{{sfn|Dick|2002|p=103}} Those aristocrats were able to accumulate significant wealth by &quot;leas[ing] wide tracts of land, the disposal rights over which frequently had lain traditionally with the village, to foreign companies...&quot; and seizing most of the profits.{{sfn|Kahin|1970|p=179}} Eventually, most of the rural masses went to seek help from local political parties such as GERINDO (''Gerakan Rakyat Indonesia'') and the [[Great Indonesia Party]] (''Partai Indonesia Raya'') so as to make their grievances heard. The feelings of dissatisfaction that rural farmers had against the aristocrats then became a form of support for these political parties.<br /> <br /> ==={{anchor|Leaders involved in the revolution}}Leaders involved in the revolution===<br /> There were a few groups of leaders that were involved in the revolution and all of them may be distinguished by differences in class, social mobility, nationalist seniority, and ideology.<br /> <br /> Firstly, educated Indonesians who were sympathetic to the ideology of nationalism were involved in the revolution. Most of them received tertiary education and have adopted Western values and practices in their daily life. The connections with the traditional aristocratic families did not manage to stop these people from having strong beliefs in nationalism. Ultimately, they recognized that the presence of ''kerajaan'' might be one of the hindrances for East Sumatran society to achieve full liberalization.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=}} Members of this particular group were local governors and regional deputy governors such as [[Teuku Muhammad Hasan]] and Mohammad Amir.<br /> <br /> Besides, there was also another group of leaders who shared a similar ideology of nationalism. Unlike those mentioned earlier, this group of leaders were actively involved with nationalist movements before the Pacific War.{{sfn|Palazzo|p=}} Most of them used to collaborate with the Japanese occupiers as administrative personnel and they were motivated to join this revolution so as to promote the political ideology of nationalism as well as to continue their leadership during the post-war period.<br /> <br /> Secondly, locals who rose to prominence after undergoing military training in Japanese military organisations during the period of Japanese occupation were also responsible for the revolution. These &quot;people's volunteer armies&quot; were equipped with rich military experiences and that has imbued them with a deeper commitment to radical nationalism. Eventually, some of them became militia leaders in the earlier phase of the social revolution.{{sfn|Kahin|1999|p=99}} Many scholars including Anthony Reid and Mohammad Said have highlighted the importance of these people in initiating and executing the 1946 social revolution in East Sumatra.{{sfn|Said|1973|pp=145–186}}{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=}}<br /> <br /> Thirdly, Muslim reformist forces were involved in Islamic movements to resist against the ''kerajaan'' and Malay aristocrats. Supporters of the Islamic movements had faced oppression by the sultans who claimed that they were advocating an Islam that was different from the Malay orientation. In order to protect their own religious interests, these anti-''kerajaan'' activists came together to fight against the Malay elites.{{sfn|Ariffin|1993|p=85}}<br /> <br /> ==Aftermath==<br /> === East Sumatra ===<br /> {{Main|East Sumatra}}<br /> [[File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Spandoeken tijdens het bezoek van de Wali Negara Sumatera Timur aan Pematangsiantar TMnr 60024766.jpg|thumbnail|right|alt=Large crowd, holding banners|NST supporters]]<br /> The revolutionaries, including the armed ''Pemuda'', were able to fight the Dutch return with a common unifying goal in 1945, but there were insufficient resources to last through a longer period than 1947. The Dutch return during the second half of 1947 had to rely on the support from Malay aristocrats, especially when it was facing tougher guerrilla opposition after the ceasefire. In addition to Malay support for the reinstatement of Dutch rule, representatives of other groups expressed similar concerns (some Toba leaders and the Chinese community, in particular; these groups had benefited economically from Dutch rule). The Chinese community, who were economically advantaged, were also targeted by the ''pemuda'' and their property was seized.{{sfn|Dick|2002|p=103}} In this uncertain milieu, the Chinese community saw the British and Dutch colonial forces as protectors.<br /> <br /> The East Sumatra Union (''Persatuan Sumatera Timur'') had been formed in 1938 by the westernized Malay elites to reassert Malay and Simalungun ethnic interests through support from the Dutch. With the support of these Malays, the Dutch attempted to establish a federal Indonesia consisting of a Dutch-supported State of East Sumara ({{lang-id|Negara Sumatera Timur (NST)}}).{{sfn|Langenberg|1982|pp=1–30}} The threat felt by the Chinese also motivated them to co-operate with the Malay aristocrats, most of the Simalungun rajas, some Karo chieftains and the Dutch in creating the NST. Dr Tengku Mansur (a member of the Asahan royal family) was selected as head of state and the NST lasted from December 1947 to August 1950. While the Dutch wanted the NST to be seen as an orderly and progressive alternative to the republic, the western-educated aristocrats saw NST as a bastion for their own ethnic interests.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=}} The NST began to disintegrate as soon as Dutch military support was withdrawn. The short-lived state was viewed with suspicion, and Dr Tengku Mansur eventually surrendered authority to the republic in August 1950,{{sfn|Reid|1971|pp=21–46}} which backed by military for the stability framework.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Consequently, East Sumatra was merged into a larger province of [[North Sumatra]], where it has remained till today.<br /> <br /> === Malaya ===<br /> The demise of the sultans in East Sumatra was the turning point in British Malaya. This was politically motivating Malayan Malay against the [[Parti Kebangsaan Melayu Malaya|Malay Nationalist Party]] (MNP) which was Tan Malaka allies. During March 1946, [[United Malays National Organisation]] (UMNO) went with full support of Malay sultans as their inactivity would lead to similar fate as their relatives in East Sumatra. From August to Novem­ber 1946, UMNO was in negotiation with British while MNP was excluded. The rise of UMNO gave political voice for the popular support commanded by the conservative elite, inseparable to events in Indonesia, and has been beneficial for long-term British presence.{{Sfn|Poulgrain|1998|pp=44–45}}<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> *[[Indonesian National Revolution]]<br /> *[[History of Indonesia]]<br /> <br /> ==Notes==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Ariffin| first = Omar | title = Bangsa Melayu: Malay Concepts of Democracy and Community 1945–1950|language = id | publisher = Oxford University Press|location = Oxford| year = 1993| isbn = 0195886135 }}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Ariffin| first = Omar | title = Revolusi Indonesia dan Bangsa Melayu: Runtuhnya Kerajaan-Kerajaan Melayu Sumatera Timur Pada Tahun 1946|language = id |publisher = Koperasi Kedai Buku Universiti Sains Malaysia Sdn Bhd|location = Pulau Pinang | year = 1999| isbn = 983861193X}}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Dick| first = H.W. | title = The Emergence of a National Economy : An Economic History of Indonesia, 1800-2000| publisher = Asian Studies Association of Australia in association with Allen &amp; Unwin|location = Australia| year = 2002| isbn = 9781741150209}}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Kahin| first = Audrey R.| title = Regional Dynamics of the Indonesian Revolution: Unity From Diversity| publisher = University of Hawaii Press|location = United States| year = 1985| isbn = 0824809823}}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Kahin | first = George McTurnan | title = Nationalism and Revolution in Indonesia | publisher = Cornell University Press | year = 1970 | isbn = 0-8014-9108-8 }}<br /> * {{cite book |last1=Kahin |first1=Audrey |title=Rebellion to Integration: West Sumatra and the Indonesian Polity |date=1999 |publisher=Amsterdam University Press |location=Amsterdam |isbn=9053563954}}<br /> *{{Cite book| last = Kipp| first = Rita Smith| title = Dissociated Identities: Ethnicity, Religion and Class in an Indonesian Society| publisher = University of Michigan Press| location = Ann Arbor| year = 1996| isbn = 047208402X| url-access = registration| url = https://archive.org/details/dissociatedident00rita_0}}<br /> *{{cite book|last1=Bertrand|first1=Jacques|last2=Laliberte|first2=Ander|title=Multination States in Asia: Accommodation or Resistance <br /> |date=2010|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge|isbn=978-0511750755|page=34}}<br /> *{{cite journal | last = Langenberg| first = Michael. van. | title = Class and Ethnic Conflict in Indonesian's Decolonization Process: A Study of East Sumatra| publisher = Cornell University: Indonesia Southeast Asia Program Publications|journal=Indonesia |volume= 33|issue=33 |pages=1–30 |date=April 1982| doi = 10.2307/3350925 | jstor = 3350925 |url=https://ecommons.cornell.edu/bitstream/handle/1813/53737/INDO_33_0_1107016894_1_30.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y}}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = McMillan| first = Richard| title = The British Occupation of Indonesia, 1945-1946: Britain, the Netherlands and the Indonesian revolution| publisher = Routledge|location = New York| year = 2005}}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Milner| first = Anthony| title = The Malays| publisher = Blackwell Publishing Ltd|location = United Kingdom | year = 2011| isbn = 978-1444339031 }}<br /> *{{cite web|last=Palazzo|first=Albert|title=The Netherlands East Indies and the Pacific War|url=http://www.awm.gov.au/exhibitions/alliesinadversity/essay/index.asp|work=Allies in Adversity. Australia and the Dutch in the Pacific War|publisher=Australian War Memorial}}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Poulgrain| first = Greg| title = The Genesis of Konfrontasi: Malaysia, Brunei and Indonesia 1945–1965| publisher = Crawford House Publishing Pty Ltd|location = Australia| year = 1998| isbn = 1850655138}}<br /> *{{cite journal|last1=Reid|first1=Anthony|title=The Birth of the Republic in Sumatra |journal=Indonesia |date=1971 | volume=12 |issue=Oct |url=https://ecommons.cornell.edu/bitstream/handle/1813/53522/INDO_12_0_1107125075_21_46.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y |pages=21–46|doi=10.2307/3350656|jstor=3350656 }}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Reid | first = Anthony| title = An Indonesian Frontier: Acehnese and Other Histories of Sumatra| publisher = Singapore University Press|location= Singapore| year = 2005| isbn = 9971692988}}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Reid | first = Anthony| author-link = Anthony Reid | title = The Blood of the People: Revolution &amp; the End of Traditional Rule in Northern Sumatra | publisher = NUS Press | year = 2014 | location = Singapore | isbn = 978-9971-69-637-5 }}<br /> *{{cite journal | last = Said| first = H. Mohammed | title = What was the Social Revolution of 1946 in East Sumatra| publisher = Cornell University: Indonesia Southeast Asia Program Publications|journal=Indonesia |volume= 15|issue=15 |pages=145–186 |date=April 1973| doi = 10.2307/3350795 | jstor = 3350795 | hdl = 1813/53556 |url= https://ecommons.cornell.edu/bitstream/handle/1813/53556/INDO_15_0_1107128614_145_186.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y}}<br /> <br /> {{Indonesian National Revolution}}<br /> [[Category:Massacres of the Indonesian National Revolution]]<br /> [[Category:Massacres committed by Indonesia]]<br /> [[Category:1940s in Indonesia]]<br /> [[Category:Massacres in 1946]]<br /> [[Category:Political and cultural purges]]<br /> [[Category:Regicides]]</div> Xbypass https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=East_Sumatra_revolution&diff=1239212219 East Sumatra revolution 2024-08-07T23:11:30Z <p>Xbypass: /* Political causes */ Poulgrain</p> <hr /> <div>{{History of Indonesia}}<br /> {{Campaignbox Indonesian National Revolution}}<br /> {{EngvarB|date=September 2013}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2013}}<br /> <br /> The '''East Sumatra revolution''', also known as the '''East Sumatra social revolution''', began on 3 March 1946. Across 25 &quot;native states&quot;, many sultanates were overthrown and mass killing of members of the aristocratic families were performed by armed ''pergerakan'' groups (Indonesian nationalists).{{sfn|Said|1973|p=}} To the opportunistic ''pergerakan'' militants (especially [[Communist Party of Indonesia]] leaders [[Abdoe'lxarim M. S.]] and Luat Siregar), the revolutionary movement was seen as one of the means for East Sumatra to be freed from colonial overlordship and to join the larger [[Indonesian National Revolution]].{{sfn|Kahin|1970|p=180}} Participants of the revolution were believed to be provoked by leaders to kill aristocrats and create violence. These belligerents had three prime objectives: to eliminate the sultans and aristocrats (who were seen as Dutch allies), to seize their wealth (as sources of funding for the Indonesian independence campaign) and to eliminate the region's feudal social structure.{{sfn|Reid|2005|p=328}} The revolution brought about the formation of the [[State of East Sumatra]], which was dissolved when the region became part of the Indonesian republic.<br /> <br /> ==Background==<br /> The Dutch subjugated the Minangkabau of Sumatra in the [[Padri War]] and the [[Dutch expedition on the west coast of Sumatra]] occurred. There followed the [[conquest of the Aceh Sultanate]] of Sumatra.<br /> <br /> East Sumatra during colonial period was dominated by plantation with workers from diverse ethnicities. This was exploited by capitalism of European and benefit for local aristocratic group such as local chiefs and sultans. As government power became unstable because of Japanese occupation, tension between ethnicities and social class erupted.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Sutherland |first1=Heather |last2=van Goor |first2=J. |year=1986 |title=The Indonesian Revolution: A Review |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3351190 |journal=Indonesia |volume=42 |issue=42 |pages=113–118 |doi=10.2307/3351190|jstor=3351190 |hdl=1813/53847 |hdl-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === East Sumatra under the Dutch (1930s–1942) ===<br /> <br /> ==== {{anchor|Ethnic tensions}}Ethnic tensions ====<br /> [[File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM De Raja van Dolok met zijn gevolg Simeloengoen TMnr 10001725.jpg|thumbnail|right|alt=Seated raja, surrounded by other men|Simalungun king with his entourage]]<br /> The influx of Chinese, Javanese, and other ethnic immigrants to the region during the 1930s gave rise to several official associations associated with the kingdom to identify certain customary elements to form the cultural core of the East Sumatra society.{{sfn|Ariffin|1999|p=}} Even though the [[Karo people (Indonesia)|Karo]], [[Malays (ethnic group)|Malays]], and [[Simalungun people]]s were all recognised as indigenous communities in the region, the royalty and associations chose to emphasize more on preserving the Malay cultural identity. Special privileges were granted to the Malays (such as accessing to plantation land) by the Dutch and the social status of the Malays appeared to be much higher than the other indigenous communities in East Sumatra. As a result, members of the other two indigenous communities as well as the other locals felt this was unfair and that resulted in unwanted ethnic tensions. An increasing number of locals began to disagree with the Dutch and the Malay aristocrats due to the bias that these elites had towards the Malays.<br /> <br /> ==== {{anchor|Religious divisions and Islamic movements}}Religious divisions and Islamic movements ====<br /> Another division between the Malays and the two groups was religion, whereby the Malays were mostly Muslims and majority of the [[Karo people (Indonesia)]] and [[Simalungun]] were Christians or animists. Despite being the third-largest group in the 1930s, the Javanese, in particular the [[Abangan]], were perceived by the Malays to have a lower social status and their practice of Islam was seen to be nominal. The Malays were usually regarded as the traditional protectors of Islam by the authorities and the other Muslim reformist forces who advocated an Islam different from the Malay orientation were seen as threats to the authority of the sultans. The former was known as the Kaum Tua (old group) and the latter as the Kaum Muda (young group, reformist) who &quot;...sought to free the Islamic communities from superstitious beliefs.&quot;.{{sfn|Ariffin|1993|p=85}}<br /> <br /> There were two major modernist Islamic movements launched by the ''Kaum Muda'': firstly, the [[Muhammadiyah]] movement that involved conflicts over religious texts and teachings and secondly, the Jamiatul Wasliyah organization which shared common interests with Muhammadiah. Even though the ''Kuam Muda'' presented themselves as “non-political” Islamic leaders, the ''kerajaan'' still regarded those organizations with hostility and decided to support the ''Kuam Tua'' instead. Hence, the Malays were said to claim dominance in both political and cultural spheres, which led to resentment of the Malay aristocratic class and Malays in general.{{sfn|Kahin|1985|p=116}}<br /> <br /> ==== {{anchor|The political movement}}The political movement ====<br /> During the late 1930s, the national movements led by the ''pergerakan'' were developing rapidly among urban and educated sections of the Indonesian community.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=}} One example was the East Sumatra Association, which was created in 1938 by Dutch-educated Malays and was later led by Dr Tengku Mansur (who was connected to the ''Asahan'' royal family). The political association aimed to improve the social status of East Sumatran natives, including [[Simalungun people]] and [[Karo people (Indonesia)]]. The national movement then slowly reached out to small farmers of the tobacco-growing area, which eventually provided the rudiments of an important rural base for the two nationalist parties, ''GERINDO'' and ''PARINDRA'' in East Sumatra. Besides raising voices that disagreed with the Dutch repression and Malay aristocracy, the two parties also played important roles in initiating and mobilizing resources to support the 1946 East Sumatra social revolution.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=}} Moderate members of ''PARINDRA'' even took the initiative to form a ''Comité Indonesia'' in an attempt to present a united ''pergerakan'' front to the Japanese. They were motivated to launch a new Indonesian-controlled administration with the support from the Japanese. However, the garnering of support from the Japanese did not work out well because the priority of the Japanese was to obtain the oil and plantation produce from East Sumatra rather than making any significant political changes to the existing government structures.{{sfn|Kahin|1999|p=95}} Furthermore, the policies adopted by the Japanese were seen as a continuance of Dutch support for the ''kerajaan'' that caused nationalists to hold stronger negative feelings towards the Sultans and Malay aristocrats.<br /> <br /> === East Sumatra during the Japanese occupation (1942–early 1945) ===<br /> {{See also|Invasion of Sumatra (1942)}}<br /> [[File:Japanese_Occupation_of_Sumatra,_1942.jpg|thumb|right|Japanese paratroopers during the invasion of Sumatra in February 1942]]<br /> During the occupation, the Japanese implemented policies that were perceived as a continuance of Dutch support for the ''kerajaan''. Under the policies, the ''kerajaan'' were able to gain access to various incomes, titles, and religious authority that they used to have in the 1930s.{{sfn|Kahin|1999|p=95}} However, Japanese used available fragmentation between the ''pergerakan'' and the ''kerajaan''.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Reid |first=Anthony |url=https://brill.com/view/title/23090 |title=An Indonesian Frontier: Acehnese and Other Histories of Sumatra |date=2004-01-01 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-48655-3 |doi=10.1163/9789004486553_018}}&lt;/ref&gt; The regaining of Malay aristocrats’ power during the Japanese Occupation resulted in suppression of the peasant community in East Sumatra. Many Japanese officials managed to exploit food and labour supplies from the peasantry through the ''kerajaan'' hierarchy and that had increased the amount of economic pressure faced by the farming population of East Sumatra.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=}} Consequently, the credibility of those traditional, nationalists and religious leaders, who were assigned by the Japanese, was severely damaged. A new leadership was then formed by a group of ''pemuda'' (youth) who had received their formative education under the Japanese military groups (''Giyūgun'', ''[[Heiho]]'' and ''[[Tokubetsu Keisatsutai|Tokkeitai]]''). The military training guided by Japanese ethics and values fanned their nationalism and motivated them to defend their lands.{{sfn|Kahin|1999|p=118}} These Japanese-trained ''pemuda'' then took on active roles in fighting against the Dutch and Malay sultans during the 1946 East Sumatra Social Revolution.<br /> <br /> === Allied landings, local struggles and period of uncertainty (late 1945–1946) ===<br /> After the Japanese surrendered, the independence of Indonesia was [[Proclamation of Indonesian Independence|declared]] in Jakarta and [[Sukarno]] was chosen as the president of a new republic. Sumatra was then declared to be a province of the new republic and Medan was chosen as its capital.{{sfn|Bertrand|Laliberte|2010|p=34}} Despite this, many leaders were worried about the possibility of the Dutch returning and of the Malay and Batak aristocrats regaining their former power. <br /> <br /> From 21 August, leaflets were sent to Sumatra on Netherlands Indies Civil Administration. Japanese surrender was publicly announced on 22 August. On 25 August, Naval Lt. Brondgeest and Dutch-dominated unit landed near Pangkalan Brandan. Brondgeest, by 1 September, had been established base in Medan and contact with Japanese, Sultan of Deli, Sultan of Langkat, and other cooperative natives. This cooperative native asked for some reforms. Brondgeest decided to act independently from British and Japanese with local Ambonese and Menadonese as police force to control Medan and Republican movement. The Muslim fast was ended on 7 August and celebrated by mending relation with pro-Dutch peoples. On 14 September, Lt. Westerling and 3 others who were part of Dutch commando entered Medan to equip the police force.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; <br /> <br /> Many of the Japanese-trained unemployed ''pemuda'' of ex-Giyugun were then recruited by [[Abdoe'lxarim M. S.]] – the executor of the former ''Badan Oentoek Membantor Pertahanan Asia'' (Body for Assisting the Defence of Asia / BOMPA) property, who fed them BOMPA rice-stocks, and were then organised into a broader ''Persatuan Pemuda Latihan'' (Trained Youth Association) which include police, soldiers, and officials. On 23 September, the senior ex-Giyugun officer, First Lieutenant Achmad Tahir issued a meeting for all Japanese-trained Pemuda in ''Asrama Rensheikei''. Among these groups, some had contact with 'underground' groups with pre-war left wing experience. These groups include Karo group under the leaderships of Selamat Ginting, Tama Ginting, and Rakutta Sembiring Brahmana, and an &quot;anti-fascist&quot; group under Nathar Zainuddin a veteran islamist communist, which include [[Urbanus Pardede]], Bustami, Joenoes Nasution, and Marzuki Lubis. They plan to contact with Aminuddin Nazir of Inoue's coastal guard and by evening ''Badan Pemuda Indonesia'' or BPI was formed under Achmad Tahir as First Chairman.{{sfn|Reid|2014|pp=154-155}} Before the landings of the Allied (British) forces, these young ''pemuda'' were actively propagating information about the republic. They persuaded the senior Indonesian officials to resist the Japanese, the Dutch and Malay aristocrats. Therefore, these ''pemuda'' were seen as very nationalistic, eager to resist the return of the Dutch, and unsympathetic to the various ''kerajaan''.&quot;{{sfn|Ariffin|1993|p=85}} On 6 October, new Sultan of Deli who was known for his skeptic of Republic was installed.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; By 10 October 1945, ''[[Tentara Keamanan Rakyat]]'' or TKR of East Sumatra was formed with Achmad Tahir as Commander, Soetjipto as Chief-of-Staff, Capt. Hotman Sitoempul in Siantar, Lt. Martinus Lubis in Brastagi, and Lt. Djamin Ginting in Kabanjahe.{{sfn|Reid|2014|pp=161-162}}<br /> <br /> The initial landings of Allied forces (the British) and the Dutch, were not opposed by ''pemuda'' troops as Governor [[Teuku Muhammad Hasan|Hasan]] followed official republican policies of cooperating with the Allied. The flashpoint in Medan was the former Pensiun Wilhelmina in Jalan Bali, Medan, which was used as hostel and housed Westerling's ex-KNIL troops of mainly Ambonese. On 13 October 1945, supposedly an incident happened where one of the Dutch sentries torn off and trampled a red and white pin worn by a child. An angry crowd began to gather and fighting began, resulting several wounded. Two Dutchman fired into the crowd from a car killing an Indonesian. Japanese troops arrived alongside TKR under Achmad Tahir and managed to calm the crowd. The crowd dispersed at 1.30 p.m., with two Indonesians and one Ambonese woman were killed in the fighting.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=159}} However two hours later, ''pemuda'' returned, leaving six killed and about 100 wounded among the Ambonese and Menadonese. The Dutchman in charge of the hotel and a swiss family were killed as a result. The attack spread to [[Pematangsiantar]], and on 15 October, a five-man detachment under Brondgeest who was sent to Siantar Hotel to check on Japanese troop concentrated there was attacked. The hotel was besieged and burned, killing all the Dutch soldiers, ten Ambonese soldiers, two ''pemuda'' and four Swiss who managed the hotel. These marked the beginning of [[Battle of Medan]], between republican troops of TKR under Achmad Tahir as well as various ''pemuda'' affiliated with semi-criminal Medan underworld and Allied forces under T.E.D Kelly.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=162}}<br /> <br /> On 18 October 1945, the control of Medan became the responsibility of the British, immediately after official orders were issued by Republican leaders for ''pemuda'' to surrender their weapons to the British troops.{{sfn|Kahin|1999|p=243}}Nonetheless, the ''pemuda'' of East Sumatra managed to acquire some weapons that were left over by Japanese soldiers after the surrender and used them to confront the British in the south of Medan on 10 December 1945.{{sfn|McMillan|2005|p=}} A strong sense of contingency was said to be present in the British policy as the political circumstances in Indonesia forced them to make decisions that were seemingly neither pro-Dutch nor pro-Indonesian,{{sfn|McMillan|2005|p=}} although British intelligence manipulated events to pressure the (British) Malay monarchs for political initiatives in order to avoid being revolutionary targets.{{Sfn|Poulgrain|1998|pp=42–48}} Tensions between the Dutch and British modes of operation as well as the strong resistance from Indonesian nationalists resulted in low British morale throughout the post-war British occupation.{{sfn|McMillan|2005|p=}} After consultation with General Chambers in Padang, on 26 October Kelly disarmed and disbanded Ambonese forces under [[Raymond Westerling|Westerling]] and Brondgeest, and the Dutch detainees were again guarded by Japanese forces. Only Westerling remained behind at Kelly's request to put his terrorist tactics to work with the British.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=161}} British commander published on 24 December 1945 his intent to recognise TKR as official peacekeeper outside of Medan and British would give weapons (rubber-for-weapons) for some republican within Medan after rubber smuggling from Sumatra to Singapore in the period February-April 1946.{{Sfn|Poulgrain|1998|pp=40–41}}<br /> <br /> Armed clashes with the British, Dutch, and Japanese remained at a low level for the next two months until rumours that the Dutch were about to attempt a landing started spreading among the locals. On 3 March 1946, thousands of armed ''pemuda'' surrounded the palace in [[Tanjungbalai (city)|Tanjung Balai]] in response to the wide dissemination of reports that claimed that the ''kerajaan'' had formed a ''Comité van Ontvangst'' (reception committee) to welcome the Dutch.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=230}} The outbreak of violence between the ''kerajaan'' and the armed ''pemuda'' hence marked the start of the 1946 East Sumatra Social Revolution.<br /> <br /> == East Sumatra Social Revolution: 3 March 1946 ==<br /> On 3 March 1946, thousands of armed men assembled to oppose the big sultanates after hearing the rumours that the Dutch were returning. Violence and bloodshed was involved, where seven princes, ninety aristocrats (in Langkat) and countless officials from native states were killed.{{sfn|Ariffin|1993|p=64}} The Sultan of Langkat's daughters were raped and poet [[Amir Hamzah|Tengku Amir Hamzah]] was killed on 9 March by the ''Pemuda'' (young Japanese-trained militant) leaders and many Malay farmers were forced to give up their plantation land that they had acquired under the Dutch to be redistributed for those former plantation workers and non-Malay farmers (mostly Javanese). The militants under the leadership of PESINDO (''Pemuda Sosialis Indonesia''), the [[Indonesian Communist Party]], and the [[Indonesian National Party]] attacked almost all of the Malay aristocrats. The wives and children of the aristocrat families were interned and their houses were ransacked for treasure by the ''Pemuda''. The sympathy that Malay aristocrats had for the Dutch and the threats that they represented to the independence of Indonesia were commonly seen as the two main reasons for the occurrence of this violent event.<br /> <br /> ==={{anchor|Main objectives}}Main objectives===<br /> There were three main objectives associated with the revolution that involved different groups of people: firstly, to seize Malay aristocrats and their principal supporters so as to thwart their plans for the return of the Dutch; secondly, gain control of ''kerajaan'' the Malay sultanates' wealth in order to sustain the expenses for the national struggle and thirdly, to exercise political and societal changes in accordance to the Marxist intellectuals who were involved in the event.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=230}}<br /> <br /> ==={{anchor|Causes}}Causes===<br /> The 1946 East Sumatra social revolution was an outcome of class, ideological, and ethnic tensions that had accumulated over several decades. Since the Dutch colonial period, the region's demographics, socio-political structure, and economic system had undergone great changes. Many locals, especially those of the low and middle classed, who were consistently suppressed under the hierarchy system, became highly dissatisfied with the ''kerajaan'' hierarchy and the Dutch. The national revolution also reflected a great diversity of interests from almost all sections of Sumatran society and several complex issues behind the fight for independence in East Sumatra.<br /> <br /> ==== Political causes ====<br /> [[File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM De prinsen van Deli Langkat en Serdang TMnr 10001178.jpg|thumbnail|right|alt=Three men in ceremonial dress|Malay princes of East Sumatra from the Royal Houses of Deli, Langkat and Serdang]]<br /> <br /> By 1942, the Dutch, who were accountable to the Netherlands East Indies government in Batavia, were holding on to majority of the administrative power in the region. A feudal government was formed over the four primary sultanates in the region ([[Sultanate of Langkat|Langkat]], [[Sultanate of Serdang|Serdang]], [[Sultanate of Deli|Deli]], and [[Asahan Sultanate|Asahan]]) and ''kerajaan'' before (and after) the arrival of the Dutch,{{sfn|Kahin|1985|p=113}} Under Dutch rule, the kingdoms and principalities were absorbed into a centralised political structure and these indigenous elites were included in the administration (which they shared with the Dutch) of the region.{{sfn|Kahin|1985|p=113}} Consequently, both the Dutch and Malay aristocrats were able to use their political power to launch policies that suppressed the rights of the commoners. Opposition to the Dutch repression and Malay aristocracy then began to arise among ordinary people.<br /> <br /> In the late February 1946, Major Ferguson, part of British intelligence, was closely linked with political machinations in East Sumatra. The sultan of Deli had armed British protection and allowed his state to become a stronghold of British Intelligence. A rumour circulated that the sultans of East Sumatra proposed to form a dominion within British Malaya. The dominion proposal was created to elicit hostility from the pemuda. After it was circulated, British authorities ignored the suggestion. Then, the sultans returned into cooperation with the Dutch. Major Ferguson and the acting governor of East Sumatra, Dr Amir, visited places in East Sumatra and returned to Medan on 2 March 1946.{{Sfn|Poulgrain||5=1998|pp=41–43}}<br /> <br /> ==== Socio-economic causes ====<br /> Apart from political causes, labour policies were also implemented to sustain the economy of the region. Large numbers of foreign labourers were brought in from China and Java to meet the strong demand for labour in East Sumatra's plantation economy (which made up 64 percent of economic production). &quot;In the case of the plantation economy in this region, this foreign labour was predominantly from the relatively overcrowded island of Java: by the 1930s, 43 percent of the population was 'Javanese'.&quot;{{sfn|Kipp|1996|p=46}} In addition to the Chinese and Javanese (who numbered about 192,000 and 590,000, respectively during the 1930s), the economy also attracted migrants from other parts of the Dutch East Indies. As a result, the percentages of the three main indigenous communities: the Malays, Karo, and Simalungun in the region were significantly reduced.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=43}} The changes in social structure prompted anxiety among the people of East Sumatra.<br /> <br /> The change in the socio-economic landscape also resulted in stark class differences within East Sumatran society. In the 1930s, many farmers of the tobacco area (Deli-Serdang-Langkat) were told to cultivate smaller areas while the Malay sultans, [[Simalungun people|Simalungun]], and [[Karo people (Indonesia)|Karo]] ''rajas'' benefited from preferential treatment by the Dutch in terms of land leasing.{{sfn|Dick|2002|p=103}} Those aristocrats were able to accumulate significant wealth by &quot;leas[ing] wide tracts of land, the disposal rights over which frequently had lain traditionally with the village, to foreign companies...&quot; and seizing most of the profits.{{sfn|Kahin|1970|p=179}} Eventually, most of the rural masses went to seek help from local political parties such as GERINDO (''Gerakan Rakyat Indonesia'') and the [[Great Indonesia Party]] (''Partai Indonesia Raya'') so as to make their grievances heard. The feelings of dissatisfaction that rural farmers had against the aristocrats then became a form of support for these political parties.<br /> <br /> ==={{anchor|Leaders involved in the revolution}}Leaders involved in the revolution===<br /> There were a few groups of leaders that were involved in the revolution and all of them may be distinguished by differences in class, social mobility, nationalist seniority, and ideology.<br /> <br /> Firstly, educated Indonesians who were sympathetic to the ideology of nationalism were involved in the revolution. Most of them received tertiary education and have adopted Western values and practices in their daily life. The connections with the traditional aristocratic families did not manage to stop these people from having strong beliefs in nationalism. Ultimately, they recognized that the presence of ''kerajaan'' might be one of the hindrances for East Sumatran society to achieve full liberalization.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=}} Members of this particular group were local governors and regional deputy governors such as [[Teuku Muhammad Hasan]] and Mohammad Amir.<br /> <br /> Besides, there was also another group of leaders who shared a similar ideology of nationalism. Unlike those mentioned earlier, this group of leaders were actively involved with nationalist movements before the Pacific War.{{sfn|Palazzo|p=}} Most of them used to collaborate with the Japanese occupiers as administrative personnel and they were motivated to join this revolution so as to promote the political ideology of nationalism as well as to continue their leadership during the post-war period.<br /> <br /> Secondly, locals who rose to prominence after undergoing military training in Japanese military organisations during the period of Japanese occupation were also responsible for the revolution. These &quot;people's volunteer armies&quot; were equipped with rich military experiences and that has imbued them with a deeper commitment to radical nationalism. Eventually, some of them became militia leaders in the earlier phase of the social revolution.{{sfn|Kahin|1999|p=99}} Many scholars including Anthony Reid and Mohammad Said have highlighted the importance of these people in initiating and executing the 1946 social revolution in East Sumatra.{{sfn|Said|1973|pp=145–186}}{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=}}<br /> <br /> Thirdly, Muslim reformist forces were involved in Islamic movements to resist against the ''kerajaan'' and Malay aristocrats. Supporters of the Islamic movements had faced oppression by the sultans who claimed that they were advocating an Islam that was different from the Malay orientation. In order to protect their own religious interests, these anti-''kerajaan'' activists came together to fight against the Malay elites.{{sfn|Ariffin|1993|p=85}}<br /> <br /> ==Aftermath==<br /> === East Sumatra ===<br /> {{Main|East Sumatra}}<br /> [[File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Spandoeken tijdens het bezoek van de Wali Negara Sumatera Timur aan Pematangsiantar TMnr 60024766.jpg|thumbnail|right|alt=Large crowd, holding banners|NST supporters]]<br /> The revolutionaries, including the armed ''Pemuda'', were able to fight the Dutch return with a common unifying goal in 1945, but there were insufficient resources to last through a longer period than 1947. The Dutch return during the second half of 1947 had to rely on the support from Malay aristocrats, especially when it was facing tougher guerrilla opposition after the ceasefire. In addition to Malay support for the reinstatement of Dutch rule, representatives of other groups expressed similar concerns (some Toba leaders and the Chinese community, in particular; these groups had benefited economically from Dutch rule). The Chinese community, who were economically advantaged, were also targeted by the ''pemuda'' and their property was seized.{{sfn|Dick|2002|p=103}} In this uncertain milieu, the Chinese community saw the British and Dutch colonial forces as protectors.<br /> <br /> The East Sumatra Union (''Persatuan Sumatera Timur'') had been formed in 1938 by the westernized Malay elites to reassert Malay and Simalungun ethnic interests through support from the Dutch. With the support of these Malays, the Dutch attempted to establish a federal Indonesia consisting of a Dutch-supported State of East Sumara ({{lang-id|Negara Sumatera Timur (NST)}}).{{sfn|Langenberg|1982|pp=1–30}} The threat felt by the Chinese also motivated them to co-operate with the Malay aristocrats, most of the Simalungun rajas, some Karo chieftains and the Dutch in creating the NST. Dr Tengku Mansur (a member of the Asahan royal family) was selected as head of state and the NST lasted from December 1947 to August 1950. While the Dutch wanted the NST to be seen as an orderly and progressive alternative to the republic, the western-educated aristocrats saw NST as a bastion for their own ethnic interests.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=}} The NST began to disintegrate as soon as Dutch military support was withdrawn. The short-lived state was viewed with suspicion, and Dr Tengku Mansur eventually surrendered authority to the republic in August 1950,{{sfn|Reid|1971|pp=21–46}} which backed by military for the stability framework.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Consequently, East Sumatra was merged into a larger province of [[North Sumatra]], where it has remained till today.<br /> <br /> === Malaya ===<br /> The demise of the sultans in East Sumatra was the turning point in British Malaya. This was politically motivating Malayan Malay against the [[Parti Kebangsaan Melayu Malaya|Malay Nationalist Party]] (MNP) which was Tan Malaka allies. During March 1946, [[United Malays National Organisation]] (UMNO) went with full support of Malay sultans as their inactivity would lead to similar fate as their relatives in East Sumatra. From August to Novem­ber 1946, UMNO was in negotiation with British while MNP was excluded. The rise of UMNO gave political voice for the popular support commanded by the conservative elite, inseparable to events in Indonesia, and has been beneficial for long-term British presence.{{Sfn|Poulgrain|1998|pp=44–45}}<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> *[[Indonesian National Revolution]]<br /> *[[History of Indonesia]]<br /> <br /> ==Notes==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Ariffin| first = Omar | title = Bangsa Melayu: Malay Concepts of Democracy and Community 1945–1950|language = id | publisher = Oxford University Press|location = Oxford| year = 1993| isbn = 0195886135 }}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Ariffin| first = Omar | title = Revolusi Indonesia dan Bangsa Melayu: Runtuhnya Kerajaan-Kerajaan Melayu Sumatera Timur Pada Tahun 1946|language = id |publisher = Koperasi Kedai Buku Universiti Sains Malaysia Sdn Bhd|location = Pulau Pinang | year = 1999| isbn = 983861193X}}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Dick| first = H.W. | title = The Emergence of a National Economy : An Economic History of Indonesia, 1800-2000| publisher = Asian Studies Association of Australia in association with Allen &amp; Unwin|location = Australia| year = 2002| isbn = 9781741150209}}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Kahin| first = Audrey R.| title = Regional Dynamics of the Indonesian Revolution: Unity From Diversity| publisher = University of Hawaii Press|location = United States| year = 1985| isbn = 0824809823}}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Kahin | first = George McTurnan | title = Nationalism and Revolution in Indonesia | publisher = Cornell University Press | year = 1970 | isbn = 0-8014-9108-8 }}<br /> * {{cite book |last1=Kahin |first1=Audrey |title=Rebellion to Integration: West Sumatra and the Indonesian Polity |date=1999 |publisher=Amsterdam University Press |location=Amsterdam |isbn=9053563954}}<br /> *{{Cite book| last = Kipp| first = Rita Smith| title = Dissociated Identities: Ethnicity, Religion and Class in an Indonesian Society| publisher = University of Michigan Press| location = Ann Arbor| year = 1996| isbn = 047208402X| url-access = registration| url = https://archive.org/details/dissociatedident00rita_0}}<br /> *{{cite book|last1=Bertrand|first1=Jacques|last2=Laliberte|first2=Ander|title=Multination States in Asia: Accommodation or Resistance <br /> |date=2010|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge|isbn=978-0511750755|page=34}}<br /> *{{cite journal | last = Langenberg| first = Michael. van. | title = Class and Ethnic Conflict in Indonesian's Decolonization Process: A Study of East Sumatra| publisher = Cornell University: Indonesia Southeast Asia Program Publications|journal=Indonesia |volume= 33|issue=33 |pages=1–30 |date=April 1982| doi = 10.2307/3350925 | jstor = 3350925 |url=https://ecommons.cornell.edu/bitstream/handle/1813/53737/INDO_33_0_1107016894_1_30.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y}}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = McMillan| first = Richard| title = The British Occupation of Indonesia, 1945-1946: Britain, the Netherlands and the Indonesian revolution| publisher = Routledge|location = New York| year = 2005}}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Milner| first = Anthony| title = The Malays| publisher = Blackwell Publishing Ltd|location = United Kingdom | year = 2011| isbn = 978-1444339031 }}<br /> *{{cite web|last=Palazzo|first=Albert|title=The Netherlands East Indies and the Pacific War|url=http://www.awm.gov.au/exhibitions/alliesinadversity/essay/index.asp|work=Allies in Adversity. Australia and the Dutch in the Pacific War|publisher=Australian War Memorial}}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Poulgrain| first = Greg| title = The Genesis of Konfrontasi: Malaysia, Brunei and Indonesia 1945–1965| publisher = Crawford House Publishing Pty Ltd|location = Australia| year = 1998| isbn = 1850655138}}<br /> *{{cite journal|last1=Reid|first1=Anthony|title=The Birth of the Republic in Sumatra |journal=Indonesia |date=1971 | volume=12 |issue=Oct |url=https://ecommons.cornell.edu/bitstream/handle/1813/53522/INDO_12_0_1107125075_21_46.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y |pages=21–46|doi=10.2307/3350656|jstor=3350656 }}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Reid | first = Anthony| title = An Indonesian Frontier: Acehnese and Other Histories of Sumatra| publisher = Singapore University Press|location= Singapore| year = 2005| isbn = 9971692988}}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Reid | first = Anthony| author-link = Anthony Reid | title = The Blood of the People: Revolution &amp; the End of Traditional Rule in Northern Sumatra | publisher = NUS Press | year = 2014 | location = Singapore | isbn = 978-9971-69-637-5 }}<br /> *{{cite journal | last = Said| first = H. Mohammed | title = What was the Social Revolution of 1946 in East Sumatra| publisher = Cornell University: Indonesia Southeast Asia Program Publications|journal=Indonesia |volume= 15|issue=15 |pages=145–186 |date=April 1973| doi = 10.2307/3350795 | jstor = 3350795 | hdl = 1813/53556 |url= https://ecommons.cornell.edu/bitstream/handle/1813/53556/INDO_15_0_1107128614_145_186.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y}}<br /> <br /> {{Indonesian National Revolution}}<br /> [[Category:Massacres of the Indonesian National Revolution]]<br /> [[Category:Massacres committed by Indonesia]]<br /> [[Category:1940s in Indonesia]]<br /> [[Category:Massacres in 1946]]<br /> [[Category:Political and cultural purges]]<br /> [[Category:Regicides]]</div> Xbypass https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=East_Sumatra_revolution&diff=1239211910 East Sumatra revolution 2024-08-07T23:08:43Z <p>Xbypass: /* Malaya */</p> <hr /> <div>{{History of Indonesia}}<br /> {{Campaignbox Indonesian National Revolution}}<br /> {{EngvarB|date=September 2013}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2013}}<br /> <br /> The '''East Sumatra revolution''', also known as the '''East Sumatra social revolution''', began on 3 March 1946. Across 25 &quot;native states&quot;, many sultanates were overthrown and mass killing of members of the aristocratic families were performed by armed ''pergerakan'' groups (Indonesian nationalists).{{sfn|Said|1973|p=}} To the opportunistic ''pergerakan'' militants (especially [[Communist Party of Indonesia]] leaders [[Abdoe'lxarim M. S.]] and Luat Siregar), the revolutionary movement was seen as one of the means for East Sumatra to be freed from colonial overlordship and to join the larger [[Indonesian National Revolution]].{{sfn|Kahin|1970|p=180}} Participants of the revolution were believed to be provoked by leaders to kill aristocrats and create violence. These belligerents had three prime objectives: to eliminate the sultans and aristocrats (who were seen as Dutch allies), to seize their wealth (as sources of funding for the Indonesian independence campaign) and to eliminate the region's feudal social structure.{{sfn|Reid|2005|p=328}} The revolution brought about the formation of the [[State of East Sumatra]], which was dissolved when the region became part of the Indonesian republic.<br /> <br /> ==Background==<br /> The Dutch subjugated the Minangkabau of Sumatra in the [[Padri War]] and the [[Dutch expedition on the west coast of Sumatra]] occurred. There followed the [[conquest of the Aceh Sultanate]] of Sumatra.<br /> <br /> East Sumatra during colonial period was dominated by plantation with workers from diverse ethnicities. This was exploited by capitalism of European and benefit for local aristocratic group such as local chiefs and sultans. As government power became unstable because of Japanese occupation, tension between ethnicities and social class erupted.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Sutherland |first1=Heather |last2=van Goor |first2=J. |year=1986 |title=The Indonesian Revolution: A Review |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3351190 |journal=Indonesia |volume=42 |issue=42 |pages=113–118 |doi=10.2307/3351190|jstor=3351190 |hdl=1813/53847 |hdl-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === East Sumatra under the Dutch (1930s–1942) ===<br /> <br /> ==== {{anchor|Ethnic tensions}}Ethnic tensions ====<br /> [[File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM De Raja van Dolok met zijn gevolg Simeloengoen TMnr 10001725.jpg|thumbnail|right|alt=Seated raja, surrounded by other men|Simalungun king with his entourage]]<br /> The influx of Chinese, Javanese, and other ethnic immigrants to the region during the 1930s gave rise to several official associations associated with the kingdom to identify certain customary elements to form the cultural core of the East Sumatra society.{{sfn|Ariffin|1999|p=}} Even though the [[Karo people (Indonesia)|Karo]], [[Malays (ethnic group)|Malays]], and [[Simalungun people]]s were all recognised as indigenous communities in the region, the royalty and associations chose to emphasize more on preserving the Malay cultural identity. Special privileges were granted to the Malays (such as accessing to plantation land) by the Dutch and the social status of the Malays appeared to be much higher than the other indigenous communities in East Sumatra. As a result, members of the other two indigenous communities as well as the other locals felt this was unfair and that resulted in unwanted ethnic tensions. An increasing number of locals began to disagree with the Dutch and the Malay aristocrats due to the bias that these elites had towards the Malays.<br /> <br /> ==== {{anchor|Religious divisions and Islamic movements}}Religious divisions and Islamic movements ====<br /> Another division between the Malays and the two groups was religion, whereby the Malays were mostly Muslims and majority of the [[Karo people (Indonesia)]] and [[Simalungun]] were Christians or animists. Despite being the third-largest group in the 1930s, the Javanese, in particular the [[Abangan]], were perceived by the Malays to have a lower social status and their practice of Islam was seen to be nominal. The Malays were usually regarded as the traditional protectors of Islam by the authorities and the other Muslim reformist forces who advocated an Islam different from the Malay orientation were seen as threats to the authority of the sultans. The former was known as the Kaum Tua (old group) and the latter as the Kaum Muda (young group, reformist) who &quot;...sought to free the Islamic communities from superstitious beliefs.&quot;.{{sfn|Ariffin|1993|p=85}}<br /> <br /> There were two major modernist Islamic movements launched by the ''Kaum Muda'': firstly, the [[Muhammadiyah]] movement that involved conflicts over religious texts and teachings and secondly, the Jamiatul Wasliyah organization which shared common interests with Muhammadiah. Even though the ''Kuam Muda'' presented themselves as “non-political” Islamic leaders, the ''kerajaan'' still regarded those organizations with hostility and decided to support the ''Kuam Tua'' instead. Hence, the Malays were said to claim dominance in both political and cultural spheres, which led to resentment of the Malay aristocratic class and Malays in general.{{sfn|Kahin|1985|p=116}}<br /> <br /> ==== {{anchor|The political movement}}The political movement ====<br /> During the late 1930s, the national movements led by the ''pergerakan'' were developing rapidly among urban and educated sections of the Indonesian community.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=}} One example was the East Sumatra Association, which was created in 1938 by Dutch-educated Malays and was later led by Dr Tengku Mansur (who was connected to the ''Asahan'' royal family). The political association aimed to improve the social status of East Sumatran natives, including [[Simalungun people]] and [[Karo people (Indonesia)]]. The national movement then slowly reached out to small farmers of the tobacco-growing area, which eventually provided the rudiments of an important rural base for the two nationalist parties, ''GERINDO'' and ''PARINDRA'' in East Sumatra. Besides raising voices that disagreed with the Dutch repression and Malay aristocracy, the two parties also played important roles in initiating and mobilizing resources to support the 1946 East Sumatra social revolution.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=}} Moderate members of ''PARINDRA'' even took the initiative to form a ''Comité Indonesia'' in an attempt to present a united ''pergerakan'' front to the Japanese. They were motivated to launch a new Indonesian-controlled administration with the support from the Japanese. However, the garnering of support from the Japanese did not work out well because the priority of the Japanese was to obtain the oil and plantation produce from East Sumatra rather than making any significant political changes to the existing government structures.{{sfn|Kahin|1999|p=95}} Furthermore, the policies adopted by the Japanese were seen as a continuance of Dutch support for the ''kerajaan'' that caused nationalists to hold stronger negative feelings towards the Sultans and Malay aristocrats.<br /> <br /> === East Sumatra during the Japanese occupation (1942–early 1945) ===<br /> {{See also|Invasion of Sumatra (1942)}}<br /> [[File:Japanese_Occupation_of_Sumatra,_1942.jpg|thumb|right|Japanese paratroopers during the invasion of Sumatra in February 1942]]<br /> During the occupation, the Japanese implemented policies that were perceived as a continuance of Dutch support for the ''kerajaan''. Under the policies, the ''kerajaan'' were able to gain access to various incomes, titles, and religious authority that they used to have in the 1930s.{{sfn|Kahin|1999|p=95}} However, Japanese used available fragmentation between the ''pergerakan'' and the ''kerajaan''.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Reid |first=Anthony |url=https://brill.com/view/title/23090 |title=An Indonesian Frontier: Acehnese and Other Histories of Sumatra |date=2004-01-01 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-48655-3 |doi=10.1163/9789004486553_018}}&lt;/ref&gt; The regaining of Malay aristocrats’ power during the Japanese Occupation resulted in suppression of the peasant community in East Sumatra. Many Japanese officials managed to exploit food and labour supplies from the peasantry through the ''kerajaan'' hierarchy and that had increased the amount of economic pressure faced by the farming population of East Sumatra.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=}} Consequently, the credibility of those traditional, nationalists and religious leaders, who were assigned by the Japanese, was severely damaged. A new leadership was then formed by a group of ''pemuda'' (youth) who had received their formative education under the Japanese military groups (''Giyūgun'', ''[[Heiho]]'' and ''[[Tokubetsu Keisatsutai|Tokkeitai]]''). The military training guided by Japanese ethics and values fanned their nationalism and motivated them to defend their lands.{{sfn|Kahin|1999|p=118}} These Japanese-trained ''pemuda'' then took on active roles in fighting against the Dutch and Malay sultans during the 1946 East Sumatra Social Revolution.<br /> <br /> === Allied landings, local struggles and period of uncertainty (late 1945–1946) ===<br /> After the Japanese surrendered, the independence of Indonesia was [[Proclamation of Indonesian Independence|declared]] in Jakarta and [[Sukarno]] was chosen as the president of a new republic. Sumatra was then declared to be a province of the new republic and Medan was chosen as its capital.{{sfn|Bertrand|Laliberte|2010|p=34}} Despite this, many leaders were worried about the possibility of the Dutch returning and of the Malay and Batak aristocrats regaining their former power. <br /> <br /> From 21 August, leaflets were sent to Sumatra on Netherlands Indies Civil Administration. Japanese surrender was publicly announced on 22 August. On 25 August, Naval Lt. Brondgeest and Dutch-dominated unit landed near Pangkalan Brandan. Brondgeest, by 1 September, had been established base in Medan and contact with Japanese, Sultan of Deli, Sultan of Langkat, and other cooperative natives. This cooperative native asked for some reforms. Brondgeest decided to act independently from British and Japanese with local Ambonese and Menadonese as police force to control Medan and Republican movement. The Muslim fast was ended on 7 August and celebrated by mending relation with pro-Dutch peoples. On 14 September, Lt. Westerling and 3 others who were part of Dutch commando entered Medan to equip the police force.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; <br /> <br /> Many of the Japanese-trained unemployed ''pemuda'' of ex-Giyugun were then recruited by [[Abdoe'lxarim M. S.]] – the executor of the former ''Badan Oentoek Membantor Pertahanan Asia'' (Body for Assisting the Defence of Asia / BOMPA) property, who fed them BOMPA rice-stocks, and were then organised into a broader ''Persatuan Pemuda Latihan'' (Trained Youth Association) which include police, soldiers, and officials. On 23 September, the senior ex-Giyugun officer, First Lieutenant Achmad Tahir issued a meeting for all Japanese-trained Pemuda in ''Asrama Rensheikei''. Among these groups, some had contact with 'underground' groups with pre-war left wing experience. These groups include Karo group under the leaderships of Selamat Ginting, Tama Ginting, and Rakutta Sembiring Brahmana, and an &quot;anti-fascist&quot; group under Nathar Zainuddin a veteran islamist communist, which include [[Urbanus Pardede]], Bustami, Joenoes Nasution, and Marzuki Lubis. They plan to contact with Aminuddin Nazir of Inoue's coastal guard and by evening ''Badan Pemuda Indonesia'' or BPI was formed under Achmad Tahir as First Chairman.{{sfn|Reid|2014|pp=154-155}} Before the landings of the Allied (British) forces, these young ''pemuda'' were actively propagating information about the republic. They persuaded the senior Indonesian officials to resist the Japanese, the Dutch and Malay aristocrats. Therefore, these ''pemuda'' were seen as very nationalistic, eager to resist the return of the Dutch, and unsympathetic to the various ''kerajaan''.&quot;{{sfn|Ariffin|1993|p=85}} On 6 October, new Sultan of Deli who was known for his skeptic of Republic was installed.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; By 10 October 1945, ''[[Tentara Keamanan Rakyat]]'' or TKR of East Sumatra was formed with Achmad Tahir as Commander, Soetjipto as Chief-of-Staff, Capt. Hotman Sitoempul in Siantar, Lt. Martinus Lubis in Brastagi, and Lt. Djamin Ginting in Kabanjahe.{{sfn|Reid|2014|pp=161-162}}<br /> <br /> The initial landings of Allied forces (the British) and the Dutch, were not opposed by ''pemuda'' troops as Governor [[Teuku Muhammad Hasan|Hasan]] followed official republican policies of cooperating with the Allied. The flashpoint in Medan was the former Pensiun Wilhelmina in Jalan Bali, Medan, which was used as hostel and housed Westerling's ex-KNIL troops of mainly Ambonese. On 13 October 1945, supposedly an incident happened where one of the Dutch sentries torn off and trampled a red and white pin worn by a child. An angry crowd began to gather and fighting began, resulting several wounded. Two Dutchman fired into the crowd from a car killing an Indonesian. Japanese troops arrived alongside TKR under Achmad Tahir and managed to calm the crowd. The crowd dispersed at 1.30 p.m., with two Indonesians and one Ambonese woman were killed in the fighting.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=159}} However two hours later, ''pemuda'' returned, leaving six killed and about 100 wounded among the Ambonese and Menadonese. The Dutchman in charge of the hotel and a swiss family were killed as a result. The attack spread to [[Pematangsiantar]], and on 15 October, a five-man detachment under Brondgeest who was sent to Siantar Hotel to check on Japanese troop concentrated there was attacked. The hotel was besieged and burned, killing all the Dutch soldiers, ten Ambonese soldiers, two ''pemuda'' and four Swiss who managed the hotel. These marked the beginning of [[Battle of Medan]], between republican troops of TKR under Achmad Tahir as well as various ''pemuda'' affiliated with semi-criminal Medan underworld and Allied forces under T.E.D Kelly.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=162}}<br /> <br /> On 18 October 1945, the control of Medan became the responsibility of the British, immediately after official orders were issued by Republican leaders for ''pemuda'' to surrender their weapons to the British troops.{{sfn|Kahin|1999|p=243}}Nonetheless, the ''pemuda'' of East Sumatra managed to acquire some weapons that were left over by Japanese soldiers after the surrender and used them to confront the British in the south of Medan on 10 December 1945.{{sfn|McMillan|2005|p=}} A strong sense of contingency was said to be present in the British policy as the political circumstances in Indonesia forced them to make decisions that were seemingly neither pro-Dutch nor pro-Indonesian,{{sfn|McMillan|2005|p=}} although British intelligence manipulated events to pressure the (British) Malay monarchs for political initiatives in order to avoid being revolutionary targets.{{Sfn|Poulgrain|1998|pp=42–48}} Tensions between the Dutch and British modes of operation as well as the strong resistance from Indonesian nationalists resulted in low British morale throughout the post-war British occupation.{{sfn|McMillan|2005|p=}} After consultation with General Chambers in Padang, on 26 October Kelly disarmed and disbanded Ambonese forces under [[Raymond Westerling|Westerling]] and Brondgeest, and the Dutch detainees were again guarded by Japanese forces. Only Westerling remained behind at Kelly's request to put his terrorist tactics to work with the British.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=161}} British commander published on 24 December 1945 his intent to recognise TKR as official peacekeeper outside of Medan and British would give weapons (rubber-for-weapons) for some republican within Medan after rubber smuggling from Sumatra to Singapore in the period February-April 1946.{{Sfn|Poulgrain|1998|pp=40–41}}<br /> <br /> Armed clashes with the British, Dutch, and Japanese remained at a low level for the next two months until rumours that the Dutch were about to attempt a landing started spreading among the locals. On 3 March 1946, thousands of armed ''pemuda'' surrounded the palace in [[Tanjungbalai (city)|Tanjung Balai]] in response to the wide dissemination of reports that claimed that the ''kerajaan'' had formed a ''Comité van Ontvangst'' (reception committee) to welcome the Dutch.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=230}} The outbreak of violence between the ''kerajaan'' and the armed ''pemuda'' hence marked the start of the 1946 East Sumatra Social Revolution.<br /> <br /> == East Sumatra Social Revolution: 3 March 1946 ==<br /> On 3 March 1946, thousands of armed men assembled to oppose the big sultanates after hearing the rumours that the Dutch were returning. Violence and bloodshed was involved, where seven princes, ninety aristocrats (in Langkat) and countless officials from native states were killed.{{sfn|Ariffin|1993|p=64}} The Sultan of Langkat's daughters were raped and poet [[Amir Hamzah|Tengku Amir Hamzah]] was killed on 9 March by the ''Pemuda'' (young Japanese-trained militant) leaders and many Malay farmers were forced to give up their plantation land that they had acquired under the Dutch to be redistributed for those former plantation workers and non-Malay farmers (mostly Javanese). The militants under the leadership of PESINDO (''Pemuda Sosialis Indonesia''), the [[Indonesian Communist Party]], and the [[Indonesian National Party]] attacked almost all of the Malay aristocrats. The wives and children of the aristocrat families were interned and their houses were ransacked for treasure by the ''Pemuda''. The sympathy that Malay aristocrats had for the Dutch and the threats that they represented to the independence of Indonesia were commonly seen as the two main reasons for the occurrence of this violent event.<br /> <br /> ==={{anchor|Main objectives}}Main objectives===<br /> There were three main objectives associated with the revolution that involved different groups of people: firstly, to seize Malay aristocrats and their principal supporters so as to thwart their plans for the return of the Dutch; secondly, gain control of ''kerajaan'' the Malay sultanates' wealth in order to sustain the expenses for the national struggle and thirdly, to exercise political and societal changes in accordance to the Marxist intellectuals who were involved in the event.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=230}}<br /> <br /> ==={{anchor|Causes}}Causes===<br /> The 1946 East Sumatra social revolution was an outcome of class, ideological, and ethnic tensions that had accumulated over several decades. Since the Dutch colonial period, the region's demographics, socio-political structure, and economic system had undergone great changes. Many locals, especially those of the low and middle classed, who were consistently suppressed under the hierarchy system, became highly dissatisfied with the ''kerajaan'' hierarchy and the Dutch. The national revolution also reflected a great diversity of interests from almost all sections of Sumatran society and several complex issues behind the fight for independence in East Sumatra.<br /> <br /> ==== Political causes ====<br /> [[File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM De prinsen van Deli Langkat en Serdang TMnr 10001178.jpg|thumbnail|right|alt=Three men in ceremonial dress|Malay princes of East Sumatra from the Royal Houses of Deli, Langkat and Serdang]]<br /> <br /> By 1942, the Dutch, who were accountable to the Netherlands East Indies government in Batavia, were holding on to majority of the administrative power in the region. A feudal government was formed over the four primary sultanates in the region ([[Sultanate of Langkat|Langkat]], [[Sultanate of Serdang|Serdang]], [[Sultanate of Deli|Deli]], and [[Asahan Sultanate|Asahan]]) and ''kerajaan'' before (and after) the arrival of the Dutch,{{sfn|Kahin|1985|p=113}} Under Dutch rule, the kingdoms and principalities were absorbed into a centralised political structure and these indigenous elites were included in the administration (which they shared with the Dutch) of the region.{{sfn|Kahin|1985|p=113}} Consequently, both the Dutch and Malay aristocrats were able to use their political power to launch policies that suppressed the rights of the commoners. Opposition to the Dutch repression and Malay aristocracy then began to arise among ordinary people.<br /> <br /> ==== Socio-economic causes ====<br /> Apart from political causes, labour policies were also implemented to sustain the economy of the region. Large numbers of foreign labourers were brought in from China and Java to meet the strong demand for labour in East Sumatra's plantation economy (which made up 64 percent of economic production). &quot;In the case of the plantation economy in this region, this foreign labour was predominantly from the relatively overcrowded island of Java: by the 1930s, 43 percent of the population was 'Javanese'.&quot;{{sfn|Kipp|1996|p=46}} In addition to the Chinese and Javanese (who numbered about 192,000 and 590,000, respectively during the 1930s), the economy also attracted migrants from other parts of the Dutch East Indies. As a result, the percentages of the three main indigenous communities: the Malays, Karo, and Simalungun in the region were significantly reduced.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=43}} The changes in social structure prompted anxiety among the people of East Sumatra.<br /> <br /> The change in the socio-economic landscape also resulted in stark class differences within East Sumatran society. In the 1930s, many farmers of the tobacco area (Deli-Serdang-Langkat) were told to cultivate smaller areas while the Malay sultans, [[Simalungun people|Simalungun]], and [[Karo people (Indonesia)|Karo]] ''rajas'' benefited from preferential treatment by the Dutch in terms of land leasing.{{sfn|Dick|2002|p=103}} Those aristocrats were able to accumulate significant wealth by &quot;leas[ing] wide tracts of land, the disposal rights over which frequently had lain traditionally with the village, to foreign companies...&quot; and seizing most of the profits.{{sfn|Kahin|1970|p=179}} Eventually, most of the rural masses went to seek help from local political parties such as GERINDO (''Gerakan Rakyat Indonesia'') and the [[Great Indonesia Party]] (''Partai Indonesia Raya'') so as to make their grievances heard. The feelings of dissatisfaction that rural farmers had against the aristocrats then became a form of support for these political parties.<br /> <br /> ==={{anchor|Leaders involved in the revolution}}Leaders involved in the revolution===<br /> There were a few groups of leaders that were involved in the revolution and all of them may be distinguished by differences in class, social mobility, nationalist seniority, and ideology.<br /> <br /> Firstly, educated Indonesians who were sympathetic to the ideology of nationalism were involved in the revolution. Most of them received tertiary education and have adopted Western values and practices in their daily life. The connections with the traditional aristocratic families did not manage to stop these people from having strong beliefs in nationalism. Ultimately, they recognized that the presence of ''kerajaan'' might be one of the hindrances for East Sumatran society to achieve full liberalization.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=}} Members of this particular group were local governors and regional deputy governors such as [[Teuku Muhammad Hasan]] and Mohammad Amir.<br /> <br /> Besides, there was also another group of leaders who shared a similar ideology of nationalism. Unlike those mentioned earlier, this group of leaders were actively involved with nationalist movements before the Pacific War.{{sfn|Palazzo|p=}} Most of them used to collaborate with the Japanese occupiers as administrative personnel and they were motivated to join this revolution so as to promote the political ideology of nationalism as well as to continue their leadership during the post-war period.<br /> <br /> Secondly, locals who rose to prominence after undergoing military training in Japanese military organisations during the period of Japanese occupation were also responsible for the revolution. These &quot;people's volunteer armies&quot; were equipped with rich military experiences and that has imbued them with a deeper commitment to radical nationalism. Eventually, some of them became militia leaders in the earlier phase of the social revolution.{{sfn|Kahin|1999|p=99}} Many scholars including Anthony Reid and Mohammad Said have highlighted the importance of these people in initiating and executing the 1946 social revolution in East Sumatra.{{sfn|Said|1973|pp=145–186}}{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=}}<br /> <br /> Thirdly, Muslim reformist forces were involved in Islamic movements to resist against the ''kerajaan'' and Malay aristocrats. Supporters of the Islamic movements had faced oppression by the sultans who claimed that they were advocating an Islam that was different from the Malay orientation. In order to protect their own religious interests, these anti-''kerajaan'' activists came together to fight against the Malay elites.{{sfn|Ariffin|1993|p=85}}<br /> <br /> ==Aftermath==<br /> === East Sumatra ===<br /> {{Main|East Sumatra}}<br /> [[File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Spandoeken tijdens het bezoek van de Wali Negara Sumatera Timur aan Pematangsiantar TMnr 60024766.jpg|thumbnail|right|alt=Large crowd, holding banners|NST supporters]]<br /> The revolutionaries, including the armed ''Pemuda'', were able to fight the Dutch return with a common unifying goal in 1945, but there were insufficient resources to last through a longer period than 1947. The Dutch return during the second half of 1947 had to rely on the support from Malay aristocrats, especially when it was facing tougher guerrilla opposition after the ceasefire. In addition to Malay support for the reinstatement of Dutch rule, representatives of other groups expressed similar concerns (some Toba leaders and the Chinese community, in particular; these groups had benefited economically from Dutch rule). The Chinese community, who were economically advantaged, were also targeted by the ''pemuda'' and their property was seized.{{sfn|Dick|2002|p=103}} In this uncertain milieu, the Chinese community saw the British and Dutch colonial forces as protectors.<br /> <br /> The East Sumatra Union (''Persatuan Sumatera Timur'') had been formed in 1938 by the westernized Malay elites to reassert Malay and Simalungun ethnic interests through support from the Dutch. With the support of these Malays, the Dutch attempted to establish a federal Indonesia consisting of a Dutch-supported State of East Sumara ({{lang-id|Negara Sumatera Timur (NST)}}).{{sfn|Langenberg|1982|pp=1–30}} The threat felt by the Chinese also motivated them to co-operate with the Malay aristocrats, most of the Simalungun rajas, some Karo chieftains and the Dutch in creating the NST. Dr Tengku Mansur (a member of the Asahan royal family) was selected as head of state and the NST lasted from December 1947 to August 1950. While the Dutch wanted the NST to be seen as an orderly and progressive alternative to the republic, the western-educated aristocrats saw NST as a bastion for their own ethnic interests.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=}} The NST began to disintegrate as soon as Dutch military support was withdrawn. The short-lived state was viewed with suspicion, and Dr Tengku Mansur eventually surrendered authority to the republic in August 1950,{{sfn|Reid|1971|pp=21–46}} which backed by military for the stability framework.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Consequently, East Sumatra was merged into a larger province of [[North Sumatra]], where it has remained till today.<br /> <br /> === Malaya ===<br /> The demise of the sultans in East Sumatra was the turning point in British Malaya. This was politically motivating Malayan Malay against the [[Parti Kebangsaan Melayu Malaya|Malay Nationalist Party]] (MNP) which was Tan Malaka allies. During March 1946, [[United Malays National Organisation]] (UMNO) went with full support of Malay sultans as their inactivity would lead to similar fate as their relatives in East Sumatra. From August to Novem­ber 1946, UMNO was in negotiation with British while MNP was excluded. The rise of UMNO gave political voice for the popular support commanded by the conservative elite, inseparable to events in Indonesia, and has been beneficial for long-term British presence.{{Sfn|Poulgrain|1998|pp=44–45}}<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> *[[Indonesian National Revolution]]<br /> *[[History of Indonesia]]<br /> <br /> ==Notes==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Ariffin| first = Omar | title = Bangsa Melayu: Malay Concepts of Democracy and Community 1945–1950|language = id | publisher = Oxford University Press|location = Oxford| year = 1993| isbn = 0195886135 }}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Ariffin| first = Omar | title = Revolusi Indonesia dan Bangsa Melayu: Runtuhnya Kerajaan-Kerajaan Melayu Sumatera Timur Pada Tahun 1946|language = id |publisher = Koperasi Kedai Buku Universiti Sains Malaysia Sdn Bhd|location = Pulau Pinang | year = 1999| isbn = 983861193X}}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Dick| first = H.W. | title = The Emergence of a National Economy : An Economic History of Indonesia, 1800-2000| publisher = Asian Studies Association of Australia in association with Allen &amp; Unwin|location = Australia| year = 2002| isbn = 9781741150209}}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Kahin| first = Audrey R.| title = Regional Dynamics of the Indonesian Revolution: Unity From Diversity| publisher = University of Hawaii Press|location = United States| year = 1985| isbn = 0824809823}}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Kahin | first = George McTurnan | title = Nationalism and Revolution in Indonesia | publisher = Cornell University Press | year = 1970 | isbn = 0-8014-9108-8 }}<br /> * {{cite book |last1=Kahin |first1=Audrey |title=Rebellion to Integration: West Sumatra and the Indonesian Polity |date=1999 |publisher=Amsterdam University Press |location=Amsterdam |isbn=9053563954}}<br /> *{{Cite book| last = Kipp| first = Rita Smith| title = Dissociated Identities: Ethnicity, Religion and Class in an Indonesian Society| publisher = University of Michigan Press| location = Ann Arbor| year = 1996| isbn = 047208402X| url-access = registration| url = https://archive.org/details/dissociatedident00rita_0}}<br /> *{{cite book|last1=Bertrand|first1=Jacques|last2=Laliberte|first2=Ander|title=Multination States in Asia: Accommodation or Resistance <br /> |date=2010|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge|isbn=978-0511750755|page=34}}<br /> *{{cite journal | last = Langenberg| first = Michael. van. | title = Class and Ethnic Conflict in Indonesian's Decolonization Process: A Study of East Sumatra| publisher = Cornell University: Indonesia Southeast Asia Program Publications|journal=Indonesia |volume= 33|issue=33 |pages=1–30 |date=April 1982| doi = 10.2307/3350925 | jstor = 3350925 |url=https://ecommons.cornell.edu/bitstream/handle/1813/53737/INDO_33_0_1107016894_1_30.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y}}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = McMillan| first = Richard| title = The British Occupation of Indonesia, 1945-1946: Britain, the Netherlands and the Indonesian revolution| publisher = Routledge|location = New York| year = 2005}}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Milner| first = Anthony| title = The Malays| publisher = Blackwell Publishing Ltd|location = United Kingdom | year = 2011| isbn = 978-1444339031 }}<br /> *{{cite web|last=Palazzo|first=Albert|title=The Netherlands East Indies and the Pacific War|url=http://www.awm.gov.au/exhibitions/alliesinadversity/essay/index.asp|work=Allies in Adversity. Australia and the Dutch in the Pacific War|publisher=Australian War Memorial}}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Poulgrain| first = Greg| title = The Genesis of Konfrontasi: Malaysia, Brunei and Indonesia 1945–1965| publisher = Crawford House Publishing Pty Ltd|location = Australia| year = 1998| isbn = 1850655138}}<br /> *{{cite journal|last1=Reid|first1=Anthony|title=The Birth of the Republic in Sumatra |journal=Indonesia |date=1971 | volume=12 |issue=Oct |url=https://ecommons.cornell.edu/bitstream/handle/1813/53522/INDO_12_0_1107125075_21_46.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y |pages=21–46|doi=10.2307/3350656|jstor=3350656 }}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Reid | first = Anthony| title = An Indonesian Frontier: Acehnese and Other Histories of Sumatra| publisher = Singapore University Press|location= Singapore| year = 2005| isbn = 9971692988}}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Reid | first = Anthony| author-link = Anthony Reid | title = The Blood of the People: Revolution &amp; the End of Traditional Rule in Northern Sumatra | publisher = NUS Press | year = 2014 | location = Singapore | isbn = 978-9971-69-637-5 }}<br /> *{{cite journal | last = Said| first = H. Mohammed | title = What was the Social Revolution of 1946 in East Sumatra| publisher = Cornell University: Indonesia Southeast Asia Program Publications|journal=Indonesia |volume= 15|issue=15 |pages=145–186 |date=April 1973| doi = 10.2307/3350795 | jstor = 3350795 | hdl = 1813/53556 |url= https://ecommons.cornell.edu/bitstream/handle/1813/53556/INDO_15_0_1107128614_145_186.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y}}<br /> <br /> {{Indonesian National Revolution}}<br /> [[Category:Massacres of the Indonesian National Revolution]]<br /> [[Category:Massacres committed by Indonesia]]<br /> [[Category:1940s in Indonesia]]<br /> [[Category:Massacres in 1946]]<br /> [[Category:Political and cultural purges]]<br /> [[Category:Regicides]]</div> Xbypass https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=East_Sumatra_revolution&diff=1239211834 East Sumatra revolution 2024-08-07T23:08:02Z <p>Xbypass: /* Political causes */ Poulgrain</p> <hr /> <div>{{History of Indonesia}}<br /> {{Campaignbox Indonesian National Revolution}}<br /> {{EngvarB|date=September 2013}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2013}}<br /> <br /> The '''East Sumatra revolution''', also known as the '''East Sumatra social revolution''', began on 3 March 1946. Across 25 &quot;native states&quot;, many sultanates were overthrown and mass killing of members of the aristocratic families were performed by armed ''pergerakan'' groups (Indonesian nationalists).{{sfn|Said|1973|p=}} To the opportunistic ''pergerakan'' militants (especially [[Communist Party of Indonesia]] leaders [[Abdoe'lxarim M. S.]] and Luat Siregar), the revolutionary movement was seen as one of the means for East Sumatra to be freed from colonial overlordship and to join the larger [[Indonesian National Revolution]].{{sfn|Kahin|1970|p=180}} Participants of the revolution were believed to be provoked by leaders to kill aristocrats and create violence. These belligerents had three prime objectives: to eliminate the sultans and aristocrats (who were seen as Dutch allies), to seize their wealth (as sources of funding for the Indonesian independence campaign) and to eliminate the region's feudal social structure.{{sfn|Reid|2005|p=328}} The revolution brought about the formation of the [[State of East Sumatra]], which was dissolved when the region became part of the Indonesian republic.<br /> <br /> ==Background==<br /> The Dutch subjugated the Minangkabau of Sumatra in the [[Padri War]] and the [[Dutch expedition on the west coast of Sumatra]] occurred. There followed the [[conquest of the Aceh Sultanate]] of Sumatra.<br /> <br /> East Sumatra during colonial period was dominated by plantation with workers from diverse ethnicities. This was exploited by capitalism of European and benefit for local aristocratic group such as local chiefs and sultans. As government power became unstable because of Japanese occupation, tension between ethnicities and social class erupted.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Sutherland |first1=Heather |last2=van Goor |first2=J. |year=1986 |title=The Indonesian Revolution: A Review |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3351190 |journal=Indonesia |volume=42 |issue=42 |pages=113–118 |doi=10.2307/3351190|jstor=3351190 |hdl=1813/53847 |hdl-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === East Sumatra under the Dutch (1930s–1942) ===<br /> <br /> ==== {{anchor|Ethnic tensions}}Ethnic tensions ====<br /> [[File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM De Raja van Dolok met zijn gevolg Simeloengoen TMnr 10001725.jpg|thumbnail|right|alt=Seated raja, surrounded by other men|Simalungun king with his entourage]]<br /> The influx of Chinese, Javanese, and other ethnic immigrants to the region during the 1930s gave rise to several official associations associated with the kingdom to identify certain customary elements to form the cultural core of the East Sumatra society.{{sfn|Ariffin|1999|p=}} Even though the [[Karo people (Indonesia)|Karo]], [[Malays (ethnic group)|Malays]], and [[Simalungun people]]s were all recognised as indigenous communities in the region, the royalty and associations chose to emphasize more on preserving the Malay cultural identity. Special privileges were granted to the Malays (such as accessing to plantation land) by the Dutch and the social status of the Malays appeared to be much higher than the other indigenous communities in East Sumatra. As a result, members of the other two indigenous communities as well as the other locals felt this was unfair and that resulted in unwanted ethnic tensions. An increasing number of locals began to disagree with the Dutch and the Malay aristocrats due to the bias that these elites had towards the Malays.<br /> <br /> ==== {{anchor|Religious divisions and Islamic movements}}Religious divisions and Islamic movements ====<br /> Another division between the Malays and the two groups was religion, whereby the Malays were mostly Muslims and majority of the [[Karo people (Indonesia)]] and [[Simalungun]] were Christians or animists. Despite being the third-largest group in the 1930s, the Javanese, in particular the [[Abangan]], were perceived by the Malays to have a lower social status and their practice of Islam was seen to be nominal. The Malays were usually regarded as the traditional protectors of Islam by the authorities and the other Muslim reformist forces who advocated an Islam different from the Malay orientation were seen as threats to the authority of the sultans. The former was known as the Kaum Tua (old group) and the latter as the Kaum Muda (young group, reformist) who &quot;...sought to free the Islamic communities from superstitious beliefs.&quot;.{{sfn|Ariffin|1993|p=85}}<br /> <br /> There were two major modernist Islamic movements launched by the ''Kaum Muda'': firstly, the [[Muhammadiyah]] movement that involved conflicts over religious texts and teachings and secondly, the Jamiatul Wasliyah organization which shared common interests with Muhammadiah. Even though the ''Kuam Muda'' presented themselves as “non-political” Islamic leaders, the ''kerajaan'' still regarded those organizations with hostility and decided to support the ''Kuam Tua'' instead. Hence, the Malays were said to claim dominance in both political and cultural spheres, which led to resentment of the Malay aristocratic class and Malays in general.{{sfn|Kahin|1985|p=116}}<br /> <br /> ==== {{anchor|The political movement}}The political movement ====<br /> During the late 1930s, the national movements led by the ''pergerakan'' were developing rapidly among urban and educated sections of the Indonesian community.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=}} One example was the East Sumatra Association, which was created in 1938 by Dutch-educated Malays and was later led by Dr Tengku Mansur (who was connected to the ''Asahan'' royal family). The political association aimed to improve the social status of East Sumatran natives, including [[Simalungun people]] and [[Karo people (Indonesia)]]. The national movement then slowly reached out to small farmers of the tobacco-growing area, which eventually provided the rudiments of an important rural base for the two nationalist parties, ''GERINDO'' and ''PARINDRA'' in East Sumatra. Besides raising voices that disagreed with the Dutch repression and Malay aristocracy, the two parties also played important roles in initiating and mobilizing resources to support the 1946 East Sumatra social revolution.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=}} Moderate members of ''PARINDRA'' even took the initiative to form a ''Comité Indonesia'' in an attempt to present a united ''pergerakan'' front to the Japanese. They were motivated to launch a new Indonesian-controlled administration with the support from the Japanese. However, the garnering of support from the Japanese did not work out well because the priority of the Japanese was to obtain the oil and plantation produce from East Sumatra rather than making any significant political changes to the existing government structures.{{sfn|Kahin|1999|p=95}} Furthermore, the policies adopted by the Japanese were seen as a continuance of Dutch support for the ''kerajaan'' that caused nationalists to hold stronger negative feelings towards the Sultans and Malay aristocrats.<br /> <br /> === East Sumatra during the Japanese occupation (1942–early 1945) ===<br /> {{See also|Invasion of Sumatra (1942)}}<br /> [[File:Japanese_Occupation_of_Sumatra,_1942.jpg|thumb|right|Japanese paratroopers during the invasion of Sumatra in February 1942]]<br /> During the occupation, the Japanese implemented policies that were perceived as a continuance of Dutch support for the ''kerajaan''. Under the policies, the ''kerajaan'' were able to gain access to various incomes, titles, and religious authority that they used to have in the 1930s.{{sfn|Kahin|1999|p=95}} However, Japanese used available fragmentation between the ''pergerakan'' and the ''kerajaan''.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Reid |first=Anthony |url=https://brill.com/view/title/23090 |title=An Indonesian Frontier: Acehnese and Other Histories of Sumatra |date=2004-01-01 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-48655-3 |doi=10.1163/9789004486553_018}}&lt;/ref&gt; The regaining of Malay aristocrats’ power during the Japanese Occupation resulted in suppression of the peasant community in East Sumatra. Many Japanese officials managed to exploit food and labour supplies from the peasantry through the ''kerajaan'' hierarchy and that had increased the amount of economic pressure faced by the farming population of East Sumatra.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=}} Consequently, the credibility of those traditional, nationalists and religious leaders, who were assigned by the Japanese, was severely damaged. A new leadership was then formed by a group of ''pemuda'' (youth) who had received their formative education under the Japanese military groups (''Giyūgun'', ''[[Heiho]]'' and ''[[Tokubetsu Keisatsutai|Tokkeitai]]''). The military training guided by Japanese ethics and values fanned their nationalism and motivated them to defend their lands.{{sfn|Kahin|1999|p=118}} These Japanese-trained ''pemuda'' then took on active roles in fighting against the Dutch and Malay sultans during the 1946 East Sumatra Social Revolution.<br /> <br /> === Allied landings, local struggles and period of uncertainty (late 1945–1946) ===<br /> After the Japanese surrendered, the independence of Indonesia was [[Proclamation of Indonesian Independence|declared]] in Jakarta and [[Sukarno]] was chosen as the president of a new republic. Sumatra was then declared to be a province of the new republic and Medan was chosen as its capital.{{sfn|Bertrand|Laliberte|2010|p=34}} Despite this, many leaders were worried about the possibility of the Dutch returning and of the Malay and Batak aristocrats regaining their former power. <br /> <br /> From 21 August, leaflets were sent to Sumatra on Netherlands Indies Civil Administration. Japanese surrender was publicly announced on 22 August. On 25 August, Naval Lt. Brondgeest and Dutch-dominated unit landed near Pangkalan Brandan. Brondgeest, by 1 September, had been established base in Medan and contact with Japanese, Sultan of Deli, Sultan of Langkat, and other cooperative natives. This cooperative native asked for some reforms. Brondgeest decided to act independently from British and Japanese with local Ambonese and Menadonese as police force to control Medan and Republican movement. The Muslim fast was ended on 7 August and celebrated by mending relation with pro-Dutch peoples. On 14 September, Lt. Westerling and 3 others who were part of Dutch commando entered Medan to equip the police force.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; <br /> <br /> Many of the Japanese-trained unemployed ''pemuda'' of ex-Giyugun were then recruited by [[Abdoe'lxarim M. S.]] – the executor of the former ''Badan Oentoek Membantor Pertahanan Asia'' (Body for Assisting the Defence of Asia / BOMPA) property, who fed them BOMPA rice-stocks, and were then organised into a broader ''Persatuan Pemuda Latihan'' (Trained Youth Association) which include police, soldiers, and officials. On 23 September, the senior ex-Giyugun officer, First Lieutenant Achmad Tahir issued a meeting for all Japanese-trained Pemuda in ''Asrama Rensheikei''. Among these groups, some had contact with 'underground' groups with pre-war left wing experience. These groups include Karo group under the leaderships of Selamat Ginting, Tama Ginting, and Rakutta Sembiring Brahmana, and an &quot;anti-fascist&quot; group under Nathar Zainuddin a veteran islamist communist, which include [[Urbanus Pardede]], Bustami, Joenoes Nasution, and Marzuki Lubis. They plan to contact with Aminuddin Nazir of Inoue's coastal guard and by evening ''Badan Pemuda Indonesia'' or BPI was formed under Achmad Tahir as First Chairman.{{sfn|Reid|2014|pp=154-155}} Before the landings of the Allied (British) forces, these young ''pemuda'' were actively propagating information about the republic. They persuaded the senior Indonesian officials to resist the Japanese, the Dutch and Malay aristocrats. Therefore, these ''pemuda'' were seen as very nationalistic, eager to resist the return of the Dutch, and unsympathetic to the various ''kerajaan''.&quot;{{sfn|Ariffin|1993|p=85}} On 6 October, new Sultan of Deli who was known for his skeptic of Republic was installed.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; By 10 October 1945, ''[[Tentara Keamanan Rakyat]]'' or TKR of East Sumatra was formed with Achmad Tahir as Commander, Soetjipto as Chief-of-Staff, Capt. Hotman Sitoempul in Siantar, Lt. Martinus Lubis in Brastagi, and Lt. Djamin Ginting in Kabanjahe.{{sfn|Reid|2014|pp=161-162}}<br /> <br /> The initial landings of Allied forces (the British) and the Dutch, were not opposed by ''pemuda'' troops as Governor [[Teuku Muhammad Hasan|Hasan]] followed official republican policies of cooperating with the Allied. The flashpoint in Medan was the former Pensiun Wilhelmina in Jalan Bali, Medan, which was used as hostel and housed Westerling's ex-KNIL troops of mainly Ambonese. On 13 October 1945, supposedly an incident happened where one of the Dutch sentries torn off and trampled a red and white pin worn by a child. An angry crowd began to gather and fighting began, resulting several wounded. Two Dutchman fired into the crowd from a car killing an Indonesian. Japanese troops arrived alongside TKR under Achmad Tahir and managed to calm the crowd. The crowd dispersed at 1.30 p.m., with two Indonesians and one Ambonese woman were killed in the fighting.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=159}} However two hours later, ''pemuda'' returned, leaving six killed and about 100 wounded among the Ambonese and Menadonese. The Dutchman in charge of the hotel and a swiss family were killed as a result. The attack spread to [[Pematangsiantar]], and on 15 October, a five-man detachment under Brondgeest who was sent to Siantar Hotel to check on Japanese troop concentrated there was attacked. The hotel was besieged and burned, killing all the Dutch soldiers, ten Ambonese soldiers, two ''pemuda'' and four Swiss who managed the hotel. These marked the beginning of [[Battle of Medan]], between republican troops of TKR under Achmad Tahir as well as various ''pemuda'' affiliated with semi-criminal Medan underworld and Allied forces under T.E.D Kelly.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=162}}<br /> <br /> On 18 October 1945, the control of Medan became the responsibility of the British, immediately after official orders were issued by Republican leaders for ''pemuda'' to surrender their weapons to the British troops.{{sfn|Kahin|1999|p=243}}Nonetheless, the ''pemuda'' of East Sumatra managed to acquire some weapons that were left over by Japanese soldiers after the surrender and used them to confront the British in the south of Medan on 10 December 1945.{{sfn|McMillan|2005|p=}} A strong sense of contingency was said to be present in the British policy as the political circumstances in Indonesia forced them to make decisions that were seemingly neither pro-Dutch nor pro-Indonesian,{{sfn|McMillan|2005|p=}} although British intelligence manipulated events to pressure the (British) Malay monarchs for political initiatives in order to avoid being revolutionary targets.{{Sfn|Poulgrain|1998|pp=42–48}} Tensions between the Dutch and British modes of operation as well as the strong resistance from Indonesian nationalists resulted in low British morale throughout the post-war British occupation.{{sfn|McMillan|2005|p=}} After consultation with General Chambers in Padang, on 26 October Kelly disarmed and disbanded Ambonese forces under [[Raymond Westerling|Westerling]] and Brondgeest, and the Dutch detainees were again guarded by Japanese forces. Only Westerling remained behind at Kelly's request to put his terrorist tactics to work with the British.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=161}} British commander published on 24 December 1945 his intent to recognise TKR as official peacekeeper outside of Medan and British would give weapons (rubber-for-weapons) for some republican within Medan after rubber smuggling from Sumatra to Singapore in the period February-April 1946.{{Sfn|Poulgrain|1998|pp=40–41}}<br /> <br /> Armed clashes with the British, Dutch, and Japanese remained at a low level for the next two months until rumours that the Dutch were about to attempt a landing started spreading among the locals. On 3 March 1946, thousands of armed ''pemuda'' surrounded the palace in [[Tanjungbalai (city)|Tanjung Balai]] in response to the wide dissemination of reports that claimed that the ''kerajaan'' had formed a ''Comité van Ontvangst'' (reception committee) to welcome the Dutch.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=230}} The outbreak of violence between the ''kerajaan'' and the armed ''pemuda'' hence marked the start of the 1946 East Sumatra Social Revolution.<br /> <br /> == East Sumatra Social Revolution: 3 March 1946 ==<br /> On 3 March 1946, thousands of armed men assembled to oppose the big sultanates after hearing the rumours that the Dutch were returning. Violence and bloodshed was involved, where seven princes, ninety aristocrats (in Langkat) and countless officials from native states were killed.{{sfn|Ariffin|1993|p=64}} The Sultan of Langkat's daughters were raped and poet [[Amir Hamzah|Tengku Amir Hamzah]] was killed on 9 March by the ''Pemuda'' (young Japanese-trained militant) leaders and many Malay farmers were forced to give up their plantation land that they had acquired under the Dutch to be redistributed for those former plantation workers and non-Malay farmers (mostly Javanese). The militants under the leadership of PESINDO (''Pemuda Sosialis Indonesia''), the [[Indonesian Communist Party]], and the [[Indonesian National Party]] attacked almost all of the Malay aristocrats. The wives and children of the aristocrat families were interned and their houses were ransacked for treasure by the ''Pemuda''. The sympathy that Malay aristocrats had for the Dutch and the threats that they represented to the independence of Indonesia were commonly seen as the two main reasons for the occurrence of this violent event.<br /> <br /> ==={{anchor|Main objectives}}Main objectives===<br /> There were three main objectives associated with the revolution that involved different groups of people: firstly, to seize Malay aristocrats and their principal supporters so as to thwart their plans for the return of the Dutch; secondly, gain control of ''kerajaan'' the Malay sultanates' wealth in order to sustain the expenses for the national struggle and thirdly, to exercise political and societal changes in accordance to the Marxist intellectuals who were involved in the event.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=230}}<br /> <br /> ==={{anchor|Causes}}Causes===<br /> The 1946 East Sumatra social revolution was an outcome of class, ideological, and ethnic tensions that had accumulated over several decades. Since the Dutch colonial period, the region's demographics, socio-political structure, and economic system had undergone great changes. Many locals, especially those of the low and middle classed, who were consistently suppressed under the hierarchy system, became highly dissatisfied with the ''kerajaan'' hierarchy and the Dutch. The national revolution also reflected a great diversity of interests from almost all sections of Sumatran society and several complex issues behind the fight for independence in East Sumatra.<br /> <br /> ==== Political causes ====<br /> [[File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM De prinsen van Deli Langkat en Serdang TMnr 10001178.jpg|thumbnail|right|alt=Three men in ceremonial dress|Malay princes of East Sumatra from the Royal Houses of Deli, Langkat and Serdang]]<br /> <br /> By 1942, the Dutch, who were accountable to the Netherlands East Indies government in Batavia, were holding on to majority of the administrative power in the region. A feudal government was formed over the four primary sultanates in the region ([[Sultanate of Langkat|Langkat]], [[Sultanate of Serdang|Serdang]], [[Sultanate of Deli|Deli]], and [[Asahan Sultanate|Asahan]]) and ''kerajaan'' before (and after) the arrival of the Dutch,{{sfn|Kahin|1985|p=113}} Under Dutch rule, the kingdoms and principalities were absorbed into a centralised political structure and these indigenous elites were included in the administration (which they shared with the Dutch) of the region.{{sfn|Kahin|1985|p=113}} Consequently, both the Dutch and Malay aristocrats were able to use their political power to launch policies that suppressed the rights of the commoners. Opposition to the Dutch repression and Malay aristocracy then began to arise among ordinary people.<br /> <br /> ==== Socio-economic causes ====<br /> Apart from political causes, labour policies were also implemented to sustain the economy of the region. Large numbers of foreign labourers were brought in from China and Java to meet the strong demand for labour in East Sumatra's plantation economy (which made up 64 percent of economic production). &quot;In the case of the plantation economy in this region, this foreign labour was predominantly from the relatively overcrowded island of Java: by the 1930s, 43 percent of the population was 'Javanese'.&quot;{{sfn|Kipp|1996|p=46}} In addition to the Chinese and Javanese (who numbered about 192,000 and 590,000, respectively during the 1930s), the economy also attracted migrants from other parts of the Dutch East Indies. As a result, the percentages of the three main indigenous communities: the Malays, Karo, and Simalungun in the region were significantly reduced.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=43}} The changes in social structure prompted anxiety among the people of East Sumatra.<br /> <br /> The change in the socio-economic landscape also resulted in stark class differences within East Sumatran society. In the 1930s, many farmers of the tobacco area (Deli-Serdang-Langkat) were told to cultivate smaller areas while the Malay sultans, [[Simalungun people|Simalungun]], and [[Karo people (Indonesia)|Karo]] ''rajas'' benefited from preferential treatment by the Dutch in terms of land leasing.{{sfn|Dick|2002|p=103}} Those aristocrats were able to accumulate significant wealth by &quot;leas[ing] wide tracts of land, the disposal rights over which frequently had lain traditionally with the village, to foreign companies...&quot; and seizing most of the profits.{{sfn|Kahin|1970|p=179}} Eventually, most of the rural masses went to seek help from local political parties such as GERINDO (''Gerakan Rakyat Indonesia'') and the [[Great Indonesia Party]] (''Partai Indonesia Raya'') so as to make their grievances heard. The feelings of dissatisfaction that rural farmers had against the aristocrats then became a form of support for these political parties.<br /> <br /> ==={{anchor|Leaders involved in the revolution}}Leaders involved in the revolution===<br /> There were a few groups of leaders that were involved in the revolution and all of them may be distinguished by differences in class, social mobility, nationalist seniority, and ideology.<br /> <br /> Firstly, educated Indonesians who were sympathetic to the ideology of nationalism were involved in the revolution. Most of them received tertiary education and have adopted Western values and practices in their daily life. The connections with the traditional aristocratic families did not manage to stop these people from having strong beliefs in nationalism. Ultimately, they recognized that the presence of ''kerajaan'' might be one of the hindrances for East Sumatran society to achieve full liberalization.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=}} Members of this particular group were local governors and regional deputy governors such as [[Teuku Muhammad Hasan]] and Mohammad Amir.<br /> <br /> Besides, there was also another group of leaders who shared a similar ideology of nationalism. Unlike those mentioned earlier, this group of leaders were actively involved with nationalist movements before the Pacific War.{{sfn|Palazzo|p=}} Most of them used to collaborate with the Japanese occupiers as administrative personnel and they were motivated to join this revolution so as to promote the political ideology of nationalism as well as to continue their leadership during the post-war period.<br /> <br /> Secondly, locals who rose to prominence after undergoing military training in Japanese military organisations during the period of Japanese occupation were also responsible for the revolution. These &quot;people's volunteer armies&quot; were equipped with rich military experiences and that has imbued them with a deeper commitment to radical nationalism. Eventually, some of them became militia leaders in the earlier phase of the social revolution.{{sfn|Kahin|1999|p=99}} Many scholars including Anthony Reid and Mohammad Said have highlighted the importance of these people in initiating and executing the 1946 social revolution in East Sumatra.{{sfn|Said|1973|pp=145–186}}{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=}}<br /> <br /> Thirdly, Muslim reformist forces were involved in Islamic movements to resist against the ''kerajaan'' and Malay aristocrats. Supporters of the Islamic movements had faced oppression by the sultans who claimed that they were advocating an Islam that was different from the Malay orientation. In order to protect their own religious interests, these anti-''kerajaan'' activists came together to fight against the Malay elites.{{sfn|Ariffin|1993|p=85}}<br /> <br /> ==Aftermath==<br /> === East Sumatra ===<br /> {{Main|East Sumatra}}<br /> [[File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Spandoeken tijdens het bezoek van de Wali Negara Sumatera Timur aan Pematangsiantar TMnr 60024766.jpg|thumbnail|right|alt=Large crowd, holding banners|NST supporters]]<br /> The revolutionaries, including the armed ''Pemuda'', were able to fight the Dutch return with a common unifying goal in 1945, but there were insufficient resources to last through a longer period than 1947. The Dutch return during the second half of 1947 had to rely on the support from Malay aristocrats, especially when it was facing tougher guerrilla opposition after the ceasefire. In addition to Malay support for the reinstatement of Dutch rule, representatives of other groups expressed similar concerns (some Toba leaders and the Chinese community, in particular; these groups had benefited economically from Dutch rule). The Chinese community, who were economically advantaged, were also targeted by the ''pemuda'' and their property was seized.{{sfn|Dick|2002|p=103}} In this uncertain milieu, the Chinese community saw the British and Dutch colonial forces as protectors.<br /> <br /> The East Sumatra Union (''Persatuan Sumatera Timur'') had been formed in 1938 by the westernized Malay elites to reassert Malay and Simalungun ethnic interests through support from the Dutch. With the support of these Malays, the Dutch attempted to establish a federal Indonesia consisting of a Dutch-supported State of East Sumara ({{lang-id|Negara Sumatera Timur (NST)}}).{{sfn|Langenberg|1982|pp=1–30}} The threat felt by the Chinese also motivated them to co-operate with the Malay aristocrats, most of the Simalungun rajas, some Karo chieftains and the Dutch in creating the NST. Dr Tengku Mansur (a member of the Asahan royal family) was selected as head of state and the NST lasted from December 1947 to August 1950. While the Dutch wanted the NST to be seen as an orderly and progressive alternative to the republic, the western-educated aristocrats saw NST as a bastion for their own ethnic interests.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=}} The NST began to disintegrate as soon as Dutch military support was withdrawn. The short-lived state was viewed with suspicion, and Dr Tengku Mansur eventually surrendered authority to the republic in August 1950,{{sfn|Reid|1971|pp=21–46}} which backed by military for the stability framework.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Consequently, East Sumatra was merged into a larger province of [[North Sumatra]], where it has remained till today.<br /> <br /> === Malaya ===<br /> The demise of the sultans in East Sumatra was the turning point in British Malaya. This was politically motivating Malayan Malay against the [[Parti Kebangsaan Melayu Malaya|Malay Nationalist Party]] (MNP) which was Tan Malaka allies. During March 1946, [[United Malays National Organisation]] (UMNO) went with full support of Malay sultans as their inactivity would lead to similar fate as their relatives in East Sumatra. From August to Novem­ber 1946, UMNO was in negotiation with British while MNP was excluded. The rise of UMNO gave political voice for the popular support commanded by the conservative elite, inseparable to events in Indonesia, and is beneficial for long-term British presence.{{Sfn|Poulgrain|1998|pp=44–45}}<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> *[[Indonesian National Revolution]]<br /> *[[History of Indonesia]]<br /> <br /> ==Notes==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Ariffin| first = Omar | title = Bangsa Melayu: Malay Concepts of Democracy and Community 1945–1950|language = id | publisher = Oxford University Press|location = Oxford| year = 1993| isbn = 0195886135 }}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Ariffin| first = Omar | title = Revolusi Indonesia dan Bangsa Melayu: Runtuhnya Kerajaan-Kerajaan Melayu Sumatera Timur Pada Tahun 1946|language = id |publisher = Koperasi Kedai Buku Universiti Sains Malaysia Sdn Bhd|location = Pulau Pinang | year = 1999| isbn = 983861193X}}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Dick| first = H.W. | title = The Emergence of a National Economy : An Economic History of Indonesia, 1800-2000| publisher = Asian Studies Association of Australia in association with Allen &amp; Unwin|location = Australia| year = 2002| isbn = 9781741150209}}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Kahin| first = Audrey R.| title = Regional Dynamics of the Indonesian Revolution: Unity From Diversity| publisher = University of Hawaii Press|location = United States| year = 1985| isbn = 0824809823}}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Kahin | first = George McTurnan | title = Nationalism and Revolution in Indonesia | publisher = Cornell University Press | year = 1970 | isbn = 0-8014-9108-8 }}<br /> * {{cite book |last1=Kahin |first1=Audrey |title=Rebellion to Integration: West Sumatra and the Indonesian Polity |date=1999 |publisher=Amsterdam University Press |location=Amsterdam |isbn=9053563954}}<br /> *{{Cite book| last = Kipp| first = Rita Smith| title = Dissociated Identities: Ethnicity, Religion and Class in an Indonesian Society| publisher = University of Michigan Press| location = Ann Arbor| year = 1996| isbn = 047208402X| url-access = registration| url = https://archive.org/details/dissociatedident00rita_0}}<br /> *{{cite book|last1=Bertrand|first1=Jacques|last2=Laliberte|first2=Ander|title=Multination States in Asia: Accommodation or Resistance <br /> |date=2010|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge|isbn=978-0511750755|page=34}}<br /> *{{cite journal | last = Langenberg| first = Michael. van. | title = Class and Ethnic Conflict in Indonesian's Decolonization Process: A Study of East Sumatra| publisher = Cornell University: Indonesia Southeast Asia Program Publications|journal=Indonesia |volume= 33|issue=33 |pages=1–30 |date=April 1982| doi = 10.2307/3350925 | jstor = 3350925 |url=https://ecommons.cornell.edu/bitstream/handle/1813/53737/INDO_33_0_1107016894_1_30.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y}}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = McMillan| first = Richard| title = The British Occupation of Indonesia, 1945-1946: Britain, the Netherlands and the Indonesian revolution| publisher = Routledge|location = New York| year = 2005}}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Milner| first = Anthony| title = The Malays| publisher = Blackwell Publishing Ltd|location = United Kingdom | year = 2011| isbn = 978-1444339031 }}<br /> *{{cite web|last=Palazzo|first=Albert|title=The Netherlands East Indies and the Pacific War|url=http://www.awm.gov.au/exhibitions/alliesinadversity/essay/index.asp|work=Allies in Adversity. Australia and the Dutch in the Pacific War|publisher=Australian War Memorial}}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Poulgrain| first = Greg| title = The Genesis of Konfrontasi: Malaysia, Brunei and Indonesia 1945–1965| publisher = Crawford House Publishing Pty Ltd|location = Australia| year = 1998| isbn = 1850655138}}<br /> *{{cite journal|last1=Reid|first1=Anthony|title=The Birth of the Republic in Sumatra |journal=Indonesia |date=1971 | volume=12 |issue=Oct |url=https://ecommons.cornell.edu/bitstream/handle/1813/53522/INDO_12_0_1107125075_21_46.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y |pages=21–46|doi=10.2307/3350656|jstor=3350656 }}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Reid | first = Anthony| title = An Indonesian Frontier: Acehnese and Other Histories of Sumatra| publisher = Singapore University Press|location= Singapore| year = 2005| isbn = 9971692988}}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Reid | first = Anthony| author-link = Anthony Reid | title = The Blood of the People: Revolution &amp; the End of Traditional Rule in Northern Sumatra | publisher = NUS Press | year = 2014 | location = Singapore | isbn = 978-9971-69-637-5 }}<br /> *{{cite journal | last = Said| first = H. Mohammed | title = What was the Social Revolution of 1946 in East Sumatra| publisher = Cornell University: Indonesia Southeast Asia Program Publications|journal=Indonesia |volume= 15|issue=15 |pages=145–186 |date=April 1973| doi = 10.2307/3350795 | jstor = 3350795 | hdl = 1813/53556 |url= https://ecommons.cornell.edu/bitstream/handle/1813/53556/INDO_15_0_1107128614_145_186.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y}}<br /> <br /> {{Indonesian National Revolution}}<br /> [[Category:Massacres of the Indonesian National Revolution]]<br /> [[Category:Massacres committed by Indonesia]]<br /> [[Category:1940s in Indonesia]]<br /> [[Category:Massacres in 1946]]<br /> [[Category:Political and cultural purges]]<br /> [[Category:Regicides]]</div> Xbypass https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=East_Sumatra_revolution&diff=1239205799 East Sumatra revolution 2024-08-07T22:16:18Z <p>Xbypass: </p> <hr /> <div>{{History of Indonesia}}<br /> {{Campaignbox Indonesian National Revolution}}<br /> {{EngvarB|date=September 2013}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2013}}<br /> <br /> The '''East Sumatra revolution''', also known as the '''East Sumatra social revolution''', began on 3 March 1946. Across 25 &quot;native states&quot;, many sultanates were overthrown and mass killing of members of the aristocratic families were performed by armed ''pergerakan'' groups (Indonesian nationalists).{{sfn|Said|1973|p=}} To the opportunistic ''pergerakan'' militants (especially [[Communist Party of Indonesia]] leaders [[Abdoe'lxarim M. S.]] and Luat Siregar), the revolutionary movement was seen as one of the means for East Sumatra to be freed from colonial overlordship and to join the larger [[Indonesian National Revolution]].{{sfn|Kahin|1970|p=180}} Participants of the revolution were believed to be provoked by leaders to kill aristocrats and create violence. These belligerents had three prime objectives: to eliminate the sultans and aristocrats (who were seen as Dutch allies), to seize their wealth (as sources of funding for the Indonesian independence campaign) and to eliminate the region's feudal social structure.{{sfn|Reid|2005|p=328}} The revolution brought about the formation of the [[State of East Sumatra]], which was dissolved when the region became part of the Indonesian republic.<br /> <br /> ==Background==<br /> The Dutch subjugated the Minangkabau of Sumatra in the [[Padri War]] and the [[Dutch expedition on the west coast of Sumatra]] occurred. There followed the [[conquest of the Aceh Sultanate]] of Sumatra.<br /> <br /> East Sumatra during colonial period was dominated by plantation with workers from diverse ethnicities. This was exploited by capitalism of European and benefit for local aristocratic group such as local chiefs and sultans. As government power became unstable because of Japanese occupation, tension between ethnicities and social class erupted.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Sutherland |first1=Heather |last2=van Goor |first2=J. |year=1986 |title=The Indonesian Revolution: A Review |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3351190 |journal=Indonesia |volume=42 |issue=42 |pages=113–118 |doi=10.2307/3351190|jstor=3351190 |hdl=1813/53847 |hdl-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> === East Sumatra under the Dutch (1930s–1942) ===<br /> <br /> ==== {{anchor|Ethnic tensions}}Ethnic tensions ====<br /> [[File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM De Raja van Dolok met zijn gevolg Simeloengoen TMnr 10001725.jpg|thumbnail|right|alt=Seated raja, surrounded by other men|Simalungun king with his entourage]]<br /> The influx of Chinese, Javanese, and other ethnic immigrants to the region during the 1930s gave rise to several official associations associated with the kingdom to identify certain customary elements to form the cultural core of the East Sumatra society.{{sfn|Ariffin|1999|p=}} Even though the [[Karo people (Indonesia)|Karo]], [[Malays (ethnic group)|Malays]], and [[Simalungun people]]s were all recognised as indigenous communities in the region, the royalty and associations chose to emphasize more on preserving the Malay cultural identity. Special privileges were granted to the Malays (such as accessing to plantation land) by the Dutch and the social status of the Malays appeared to be much higher than the other indigenous communities in East Sumatra. As a result, members of the other two indigenous communities as well as the other locals felt this was unfair and that resulted in unwanted ethnic tensions. An increasing number of locals began to disagree with the Dutch and the Malay aristocrats due to the bias that these elites had towards the Malays.<br /> <br /> ==== {{anchor|Religious divisions and Islamic movements}}Religious divisions and Islamic movements ====<br /> Another division between the Malays and the two groups was religion, whereby the Malays were mostly Muslims and majority of the [[Karo people (Indonesia)]] and [[Simalungun]] were Christians or animists. Despite being the third-largest group in the 1930s, the Javanese, in particular the [[Abangan]], were perceived by the Malays to have a lower social status and their practice of Islam was seen to be nominal. The Malays were usually regarded as the traditional protectors of Islam by the authorities and the other Muslim reformist forces who advocated an Islam different from the Malay orientation were seen as threats to the authority of the sultans. The former was known as the Kaum Tua (old group) and the latter as the Kaum Muda (young group, reformist) who &quot;...sought to free the Islamic communities from superstitious beliefs.&quot;.{{sfn|Ariffin|1993|p=85}}<br /> <br /> There were two major modernist Islamic movements launched by the ''Kaum Muda'': firstly, the [[Muhammadiyah]] movement that involved conflicts over religious texts and teachings and secondly, the Jamiatul Wasliyah organization which shared common interests with Muhammadiah. Even though the ''Kuam Muda'' presented themselves as “non-political” Islamic leaders, the ''kerajaan'' still regarded those organizations with hostility and decided to support the ''Kuam Tua'' instead. Hence, the Malays were said to claim dominance in both political and cultural spheres, which led to resentment of the Malay aristocratic class and Malays in general.{{sfn|Kahin|1985|p=116}}<br /> <br /> ==== {{anchor|The political movement}}The political movement ====<br /> During the late 1930s, the national movements led by the ''pergerakan'' were developing rapidly among urban and educated sections of the Indonesian community.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=}} One example was the East Sumatra Association, which was created in 1938 by Dutch-educated Malays and was later led by Dr Tengku Mansur (who was connected to the ''Asahan'' royal family). The political association aimed to improve the social status of East Sumatran natives, including [[Simalungun people]] and [[Karo people (Indonesia)]]. The national movement then slowly reached out to small farmers of the tobacco-growing area, which eventually provided the rudiments of an important rural base for the two nationalist parties, ''GERINDO'' and ''PARINDRA'' in East Sumatra. Besides raising voices that disagreed with the Dutch repression and Malay aristocracy, the two parties also played important roles in initiating and mobilizing resources to support the 1946 East Sumatra social revolution.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=}} Moderate members of ''PARINDRA'' even took the initiative to form a ''Comité Indonesia'' in an attempt to present a united ''pergerakan'' front to the Japanese. They were motivated to launch a new Indonesian-controlled administration with the support from the Japanese. However, the garnering of support from the Japanese did not work out well because the priority of the Japanese was to obtain the oil and plantation produce from East Sumatra rather than making any significant political changes to the existing government structures.{{sfn|Kahin|1999|p=95}} Furthermore, the policies adopted by the Japanese were seen as a continuance of Dutch support for the ''kerajaan'' that caused nationalists to hold stronger negative feelings towards the Sultans and Malay aristocrats.<br /> <br /> === East Sumatra during the Japanese occupation (1942–early 1945) ===<br /> {{See also|Invasion of Sumatra (1942)}}<br /> [[File:Japanese_Occupation_of_Sumatra,_1942.jpg|thumb|right|Japanese paratroopers during the invasion of Sumatra in February 1942]]<br /> During the occupation, the Japanese implemented policies that were perceived as a continuance of Dutch support for the ''kerajaan''. Under the policies, the ''kerajaan'' were able to gain access to various incomes, titles, and religious authority that they used to have in the 1930s.{{sfn|Kahin|1999|p=95}} However, Japanese used available fragmentation between the ''pergerakan'' and the ''kerajaan''.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Reid |first=Anthony |url=https://brill.com/view/title/23090 |title=An Indonesian Frontier: Acehnese and Other Histories of Sumatra |date=2004-01-01 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-48655-3 |doi=10.1163/9789004486553_018}}&lt;/ref&gt; The regaining of Malay aristocrats’ power during the Japanese Occupation resulted in suppression of the peasant community in East Sumatra. Many Japanese officials managed to exploit food and labour supplies from the peasantry through the ''kerajaan'' hierarchy and that had increased the amount of economic pressure faced by the farming population of East Sumatra.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=}} Consequently, the credibility of those traditional, nationalists and religious leaders, who were assigned by the Japanese, was severely damaged. A new leadership was then formed by a group of ''pemuda'' (youth) who had received their formative education under the Japanese military groups (''Giyūgun'', ''[[Heiho]]'' and ''[[Tokubetsu Keisatsutai|Tokkeitai]]''). The military training guided by Japanese ethics and values fanned their nationalism and motivated them to defend their lands.{{sfn|Kahin|1999|p=118}} These Japanese-trained ''pemuda'' then took on active roles in fighting against the Dutch and Malay sultans during the 1946 East Sumatra Social Revolution.<br /> <br /> === Allied landings, local struggles and period of uncertainty (late 1945–1946) ===<br /> After the Japanese surrendered, the independence of Indonesia was [[Proclamation of Indonesian Independence|declared]] in Jakarta and [[Sukarno]] was chosen as the president of a new republic. Sumatra was then declared to be a province of the new republic and Medan was chosen as its capital.{{sfn|Bertrand|Laliberte|2010|p=34}} Despite this, many leaders were worried about the possibility of the Dutch returning and of the Malay and Batak aristocrats regaining their former power. <br /> <br /> From 21 August, leaflets were sent to Sumatra on Netherlands Indies Civil Administration. Japanese surrender was publicly announced on 22 August. On 25 August, Naval Lt. Brondgeest and Dutch-dominated unit landed near Pangkalan Brandan. Brondgeest, by 1 September, had been established base in Medan and contact with Japanese, Sultan of Deli, Sultan of Langkat, and other cooperative natives. This cooperative native asked for some reforms. Brondgeest decided to act independently from British and Japanese with local Ambonese and Menadonese as police force to control Medan and Republican movement. The Muslim fast was ended on 7 August and celebrated by mending relation with pro-Dutch peoples. On 14 September, Lt. Westerling and 3 others who were part of Dutch commando entered Medan to equip the police force.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; <br /> <br /> Many of the Japanese-trained unemployed ''pemuda'' of ex-Giyugun were then recruited by [[Abdoe'lxarim M. S.]] – the executor of the former ''Badan Oentoek Membantor Pertahanan Asia'' (Body for Assisting the Defence of Asia / BOMPA) property, who fed them BOMPA rice-stocks, and were then organised into a broader ''Persatuan Pemuda Latihan'' (Trained Youth Association) which include police, soldiers, and officials. On 23 September, the senior ex-Giyugun officer, First Lieutenant Achmad Tahir issued a meeting for all Japanese-trained Pemuda in ''Asrama Rensheikei''. Among these groups, some had contact with 'underground' groups with pre-war left wing experience. These groups include Karo group under the leaderships of Selamat Ginting, Tama Ginting, and Rakutta Sembiring Brahmana, and an &quot;anti-fascist&quot; group under Nathar Zainuddin a veteran islamist communist, which include [[Urbanus Pardede]], Bustami, Joenoes Nasution, and Marzuki Lubis. They plan to contact with Aminuddin Nazir of Inoue's coastal guard and by evening ''Badan Pemuda Indonesia'' or BPI was formed under Achmad Tahir as First Chairman.{{sfn|Reid|2014|pp=154-155}} Before the landings of the Allied (British) forces, these young ''pemuda'' were actively propagating information about the republic. They persuaded the senior Indonesian officials to resist the Japanese, the Dutch and Malay aristocrats. Therefore, these ''pemuda'' were seen as very nationalistic, eager to resist the return of the Dutch, and unsympathetic to the various ''kerajaan''.&quot;{{sfn|Ariffin|1993|p=85}} On 6 October, new Sultan of Deli who was known for his skeptic of Republic was installed.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; By 10 October 1945, ''[[Tentara Keamanan Rakyat]]'' or TKR of East Sumatra was formed with Achmad Tahir as Commander, Soetjipto as Chief-of-Staff, Capt. Hotman Sitoempul in Siantar, Lt. Martinus Lubis in Brastagi, and Lt. Djamin Ginting in Kabanjahe.{{sfn|Reid|2014|pp=161-162}}<br /> <br /> The initial landings of Allied forces (the British) and the Dutch, were not opposed by ''pemuda'' troops as Governor [[Teuku Muhammad Hasan|Hasan]] followed official republican policies of cooperating with the Allied. The flashpoint in Medan was the former Pensiun Wilhelmina in Jalan Bali, Medan, which was used as hostel and housed Westerling's ex-KNIL troops of mainly Ambonese. On 13 October 1945, supposedly an incident happened where one of the Dutch sentries torn off and trampled a red and white pin worn by a child. An angry crowd began to gather and fighting began, resulting several wounded. Two Dutchman fired into the crowd from a car killing an Indonesian. Japanese troops arrived alongside TKR under Achmad Tahir and managed to calm the crowd. The crowd dispersed at 1.30 p.m., with two Indonesians and one Ambonese woman were killed in the fighting.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=159}} However two hours later, ''pemuda'' returned, leaving six killed and about 100 wounded among the Ambonese and Menadonese. The Dutchman in charge of the hotel and a swiss family were killed as a result. The attack spread to [[Pematangsiantar]], and on 15 October, a five-man detachment under Brondgeest who was sent to Siantar Hotel to check on Japanese troop concentrated there was attacked. The hotel was besieged and burned, killing all the Dutch soldiers, ten Ambonese soldiers, two ''pemuda'' and four Swiss who managed the hotel. These marked the beginning of [[Battle of Medan]], between republican troops of TKR under Achmad Tahir as well as various ''pemuda'' affiliated with semi-criminal Medan underworld and Allied forces under T.E.D Kelly.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=162}}<br /> <br /> On 18 October 1945, the control of Medan became the responsibility of the British, immediately after official orders were issued by Republican leaders for ''pemuda'' to surrender their weapons to the British troops.{{sfn|Kahin|1999|p=243}}Nonetheless, the ''pemuda'' of East Sumatra managed to acquire some weapons that were left over by Japanese soldiers after the surrender and used them to confront the British in the south of Medan on 10 December 1945.{{sfn|McMillan|2005|p=}} A strong sense of contingency was said to be present in the British policy as the political circumstances in Indonesia forced them to make decisions that were seemingly neither pro-Dutch nor pro-Indonesian,{{sfn|McMillan|2005|p=}} although British intelligence manipulated events to pressure the (British) Malay monarchs for political initiatives in order to avoid being revolutionary targets.{{Sfn|Poulgrain||pp=42–48}} Tensions between the Dutch and British modes of operation as well as the strong resistance from Indonesian nationalists resulted in low British morale throughout the post-war British occupation.{{sfn|McMillan|2005|p=}} After consultation with General Chambers in Padang, on 26 October Kelly disarmed and disbanded Ambonese forces under [[Raymond Westerling|Westerling]] and Brondgeest, and the Dutch detainees were again guarded by Japanese forces. Only Westerling remained behind at Kelly's request to put his terrorist tactics to work with the British.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=161}}<br /> <br /> Armed clashes with the British, Dutch, and Japanese remained at a low level for the next two months until rumours that the Dutch were about to attempt a landing started spreading among the locals. On 3 March 1946, thousands of armed ''pemuda'' surrounded the palace in [[Tanjungbalai (city)|Tanjung Balai]] in response to the wide dissemination of reports that claimed that the ''kerajaan'' had formed a ''Comité van Ontvangst'' (reception committee) to welcome the Dutch.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=230}} The outbreak of violence between the ''kerajaan'' and the armed ''pemuda'' hence marked the start of the 1946 East Sumatra Social Revolution.<br /> <br /> == East Sumatra Social Revolution: 3 March 1946 ==<br /> On 3 March 1946, thousands of armed men assembled to oppose the big sultanates after hearing the rumours that the Dutch were returning. Violence and bloodshed was involved, where seven princes, ninety aristocrats (in Langkat) and countless officials from native states were killed.{{sfn|Ariffin|1993|p=64}} The Sultan of Langkat's daughters were raped and poet [[Amir Hamzah|Tengku Amir Hamzah]] was killed on 9 March by the ''Pemuda'' (young Japanese-trained militant) leaders and many Malay farmers were forced to give up their plantation land that they had acquired under the Dutch to be redistributed for those former plantation workers and non-Malay farmers (mostly Javanese). The militants under the leadership of PESINDO (''Pemuda Sosialis Indonesia''), the [[Indonesian Communist Party]], and the [[Indonesian National Party]] attacked almost all of the Malay aristocrats. The wives and children of the aristocrat families were interned and their houses were ransacked for treasure by the ''Pemuda''. The sympathy that Malay aristocrats had for the Dutch and the threats that they represented to the independence of Indonesia were commonly seen as the two main reasons for the occurrence of this violent event.<br /> <br /> ==={{anchor|Main objectives}}Main objectives===<br /> There were three main objectives associated with the revolution that involved different groups of people: firstly, to seize Malay aristocrats and their principal supporters so as to thwart their plans for the return of the Dutch; secondly, gain control of ''kerajaan'' the Malay sultanates' wealth in order to sustain the expenses for the national struggle and thirdly, to exercise political and societal changes in accordance to the Marxist intellectuals who were involved in the event.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=230}}<br /> <br /> ==={{anchor|Causes}}Causes===<br /> The 1946 East Sumatra social revolution was an outcome of class, ideological, and ethnic tensions that had accumulated over several decades. Since the Dutch colonial period, the region's demographics, socio-political structure, and economic system had undergone great changes. Many locals, especially those of the low and middle classed, who were consistently suppressed under the hierarchy system, became highly dissatisfied with the ''kerajaan'' hierarchy and the Dutch. The national revolution also reflected a great diversity of interests from almost all sections of Sumatran society and several complex issues behind the fight for independence in East Sumatra.<br /> <br /> ==== Political causes ====<br /> [[File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM De prinsen van Deli Langkat en Serdang TMnr 10001178.jpg|thumbnail|right|alt=Three men in ceremonial dress|Malay princes of East Sumatra from the Royal Houses of Deli, Langkat and Serdang]]<br /> <br /> By 1942, the Dutch, who were accountable to the Netherlands East Indies government in Batavia, were holding on to majority of the administrative power in the region. A feudal government was formed over the four primary sultanates in the region ([[Sultanate of Langkat|Langkat]], [[Sultanate of Serdang|Serdang]], [[Sultanate of Deli|Deli]], and [[Asahan Sultanate|Asahan]]) and ''kerajaan'' before (and after) the arrival of the Dutch,{{sfn|Kahin|1985|p=113}} Under Dutch rule, the kingdoms and principalities were absorbed into a centralised political structure and these indigenous elites were included in the administration (which they shared with the Dutch ) of the region.{{sfn|Kahin|1985|p=113}} Consequently, both the Dutch and Malay aristocrats were able to use their political power to launch policies that suppressed the rights of the commoners. Opposition to the Dutch repression and Malay aristocracy then began to arise among ordinary people.<br /> <br /> ==== Socio-economic causes ====<br /> Apart from political causes, labour policies were also implemented to sustain the economy of the region. Large numbers of foreign labourers were brought in from China and Java to meet the strong demand for labour in East Sumatra's plantation economy (which made up 64 percent of economic production). &quot;In the case of the plantation economy in this region, this foreign labour was predominantly from the relatively overcrowded island of Java: by the 1930s, 43 percent of the population was 'Javanese'.&quot;{{sfn|Kipp|1996|p=46}} In addition to the Chinese and Javanese (who numbered about 192,000 and 590,000, respectively during the 1930s), the economy also attracted migrants from other parts of the Dutch East Indies. As a result, the percentages of the three main indigenous communities: the Malays, Karo, and Simalungun in the region were significantly reduced.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=43}} The changes in social structure prompted anxiety among the people of East Sumatra.<br /> <br /> The change in the socio-economic landscape also resulted in stark class differences within East Sumatran society. In the 1930s, many farmers of the tobacco area (Deli-Serdang-Langkat) were told to cultivate smaller areas while the Malay sultans, [[Simalungun people|Simalungun]], and [[Karo people (Indonesia)|Karo]] ''rajas'' benefited from preferential treatment by the Dutch in terms of land leasing.{{sfn|Dick|2002|p=103}} Those aristocrats were able to accumulate significant wealth by &quot;leas[ing] wide tracts of land, the disposal rights over which frequently had lain traditionally with the village, to foreign companies...&quot; and seizing most of the profits.{{sfn|Kahin|1970|p=179}} Eventually, most of the rural masses went to seek help from local political parties such as GERINDO (''Gerakan Rakyat Indonesia'') and the [[Great Indonesia Party]] (''Partai Indonesia Raya'') so as to make their grievances heard. The feelings of dissatisfaction that rural farmers had against the aristocrats then became a form of support for these political parties.<br /> <br /> ==={{anchor|Leaders involved in the revolution}}Leaders involved in the revolution===<br /> There were a few groups of leaders that were involved in the revolution and all of them may be distinguished by differences in class, social mobility, nationalist seniority, and ideology.<br /> <br /> Firstly, educated Indonesians who were sympathetic to the ideology of nationalism were involved in the revolution. Most of them received tertiary education and have adopted Western values and practices in their daily life. The connections with the traditional aristocratic families did not manage to stop these people from having strong beliefs in nationalism. Ultimately, they recognized that the presence of ''kerajaan'' might be one of the hindrances for East Sumatran society to achieve full liberalization.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=}} Members of this particular group were local governors and regional deputy governors such as [[Teuku Muhammad Hasan]] and Mohammad Amir.<br /> <br /> Besides, there was also another group of leaders who shared a similar ideology of nationalism. Unlike those mentioned earlier, this group of leaders were actively involved with nationalist movements before the Pacific War.{{sfn|Palazzo|p=}} Most of them used to collaborate with the Japanese occupiers as administrative personnel and they were motivated to join this revolution so as to promote the political ideology of nationalism as well as to continue their leadership during the post-war period.<br /> <br /> Secondly, locals who rose to prominence after undergoing military training in Japanese military organisations during the period of Japanese occupation were also responsible for the revolution. These &quot;people's volunteer armies&quot; were equipped with rich military experiences and that has imbued them with a deeper commitment to radical nationalism. Eventually, some of them became militia leaders in the earlier phase of the social revolution.{{sfn|Kahin|1999|p=99}} Many scholars including Anthony Reid and Mohammad Said have highlighted the importance of these people in initiating and executing the 1946 social revolution in East Sumatra.{{sfn|Said|1973|pp=145–186}}{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=}}<br /> <br /> Thirdly, Muslim reformist forces were involved in Islamic movements to resist against the ''kerajaan'' and Malay aristocrats. Supporters of the Islamic movements had faced oppression by the sultans who claimed that they were advocating an Islam that was different from the Malay orientation. In order to protect their own religious interests, these anti-''kerajaan'' activists came together to fight against the Malay elites.{{sfn|Ariffin|1993|p=85}}<br /> <br /> ==Aftermath==<br /> {{Main|East Sumatra}}<br /> [[File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Spandoeken tijdens het bezoek van de Wali Negara Sumatera Timur aan Pematangsiantar TMnr 60024766.jpg|thumbnail|right|alt=Large crowd, holding banners|NST supporters]]<br /> The revolutionaries, including the armed ''Pemuda'', were able to fight the Dutch return with a common unifying goal in 1945, but there were insufficient resources to last through a longer period than 1947. The Dutch return during the second half of 1947 had to rely on the support from Malay aristocrats, especially when it was facing tougher guerrilla opposition after the ceasefire. In addition to Malay support for the reinstatement of Dutch rule, representatives of other groups expressed similar concerns (some Toba leaders and the Chinese community, in particular; these groups had benefited economically from Dutch rule). The Chinese community, who were economically advantaged, were also targeted by the ''pemuda'' and their property was seized.{{sfn|Dick|2002|p=103}} In this uncertain milieu, the Chinese community saw the British and Dutch colonial forces as protectors.<br /> <br /> The East Sumatra Union (''Persatuan Sumatera Timur'') had been formed in 1938 by the westernized Malay elites to reassert Malay and Simalungun ethnic interests through support from the Dutch. With the support of these Malays, the Dutch attempted to establish a federal Indonesia consisting of a Dutch-supported State of East Sumara ({{lang-id|Negara Sumatera Timur (NST)}}).{{sfn|Langenberg|1982|pp=1–30}} The threat felt by the Chinese also motivated them to co-operate with the Malay aristocrats, most of the Simalungun rajas, some Karo chieftains and the Dutch in creating the NST. Dr Tengku Mansur (a member of the Asahan royal family) was selected as head of state and the NST lasted from December 1947 to August 1950. While the Dutch wanted the NST to be seen as an orderly and progressive alternative to the republic, the western-educated aristocrats saw NST as a bastion for their own ethnic interests.{{sfn|Reid|2014|p=}} The NST began to disintegrate as soon as Dutch military support was withdrawn. The short-lived state was viewed with suspicion, and Dr Tengku Mansur eventually surrendered authority to the republic in August 1950,{{sfn|Reid|1971|pp=21–46}} which backed by military for the stability framework.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Consequently, East Sumatra was merged into a larger province of [[North Sumatra]], where it has remained till today.<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> *[[Indonesian National Revolution]]<br /> *[[History of Indonesia]]<br /> <br /> ==Notes==<br /> {{Reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Ariffin| first = Omar | title = Bangsa Melayu: Malay Concepts of Democracy and Community 1945–1950|language = id | publisher = Oxford University Press|location = Oxford| year = 1993| isbn = 0195886135 }}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Ariffin| first = Omar | title = Revolusi Indonesia dan Bangsa Melayu: Runtuhnya Kerajaan-Kerajaan Melayu Sumatera Timur Pada Tahun 1946|language = id |publisher = Koperasi Kedai Buku Universiti Sains Malaysia Sdn Bhd|location = Pulau Pinang | year = 1999| isbn = 983861193X}}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Dick| first = H.W. | title = The Emergence of a National Economy : An Economic History of Indonesia, 1800-2000| publisher = Asian Studies Association of Australia in association with Allen &amp; Unwin|location = Australia| year = 2002| isbn = 9781741150209}}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Kahin| first = Audrey R.| title = Regional Dynamics of the Indonesian Revolution: Unity From Diversity| publisher = University of Hawaii Press|location = United States| year = 1985| isbn = 0824809823}}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Kahin | first = George McTurnan | title = Nationalism and Revolution in Indonesia | publisher = Cornell University Press | year = 1970 | isbn = 0-8014-9108-8 }}<br /> * {{cite book |last1=Kahin |first1=Audrey |title=Rebellion to Integration: West Sumatra and the Indonesian Polity |date=1999 |publisher=Amsterdam University Press |location=Amsterdam |isbn=9053563954}}<br /> *{{Cite book| last = Kipp| first = Rita Smith| title = Dissociated Identities: Ethnicity, Religion and Class in an Indonesian Society| publisher = University of Michigan Press| location = Ann Arbor| year = 1996| isbn = 047208402X| url-access = registration| url = https://archive.org/details/dissociatedident00rita_0}}<br /> *{{cite book|last1=Bertrand|first1=Jacques|last2=Laliberte|first2=Ander|title=Multination States in Asia: Accommodation or Resistance <br /> |date=2010|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge|isbn=978-0511750755|page=34}}<br /> *{{cite journal | last = Langenberg| first = Michael. van. | title = Class and Ethnic Conflict in Indonesian's Decolonization Process: A Study of East Sumatra| publisher = Cornell University: Indonesia Southeast Asia Program Publications|journal=Indonesia |volume= 33|issue=33 |pages=1–30 |date=April 1982| doi = 10.2307/3350925 | jstor = 3350925 |url=https://ecommons.cornell.edu/bitstream/handle/1813/53737/INDO_33_0_1107016894_1_30.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y}}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = McMillan| first = Richard| title = The British Occupation of Indonesia, 1945-1946: Britain, the Netherlands and the Indonesian revolution| publisher = Routledge|location = New York| year = 2005}}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Milner| first = Anthony| title = The Malays| publisher = Blackwell Publishing Ltd|location = United Kingdom | year = 2011| isbn = 978-1444339031 }}<br /> *{{cite web|last=Palazzo|first=Albert|title=The Netherlands East Indies and the Pacific War|url=http://www.awm.gov.au/exhibitions/alliesinadversity/essay/index.asp|work=Allies in Adversity. Australia and the Dutch in the Pacific War|publisher=Australian War Memorial}}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Poulgrain| first = Greg| title = The Genesis of Konfrontasi: Malaysia, Brunei and Indonesia 1945–1965| publisher = Crawford House Publishing Pty Ltd|location = Australia| year = 1998| isbn = 1850655138}}<br /> *{{cite journal|last1=Reid|first1=Anthony|title=The Birth of the Republic in Sumatra |journal=Indonesia |date=1971 | volume=12 |issue=Oct |url=https://ecommons.cornell.edu/bitstream/handle/1813/53522/INDO_12_0_1107125075_21_46.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y |pages=21–46|doi=10.2307/3350656|jstor=3350656 }}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Reid | first = Anthony| title = An Indonesian Frontier: Acehnese and Other Histories of Sumatra| publisher = Singapore University Press|location= Singapore| year = 2005| isbn = 9971692988}}<br /> *{{Cite book | last = Reid | first = Anthony| author-link = Anthony Reid | title = The Blood of the People: Revolution &amp; the End of Traditional Rule in Northern Sumatra | publisher = NUS Press | year = 2014 | location = Singapore | isbn = 978-9971-69-637-5 }}<br /> *{{cite journal | last = Said| first = H. Mohammed | title = What was the Social Revolution of 1946 in East Sumatra| publisher = Cornell University: Indonesia Southeast Asia Program Publications|journal=Indonesia |volume= 15|issue=15 |pages=145–186 |date=April 1973| doi = 10.2307/3350795 | jstor = 3350795 | hdl = 1813/53556 |url= https://ecommons.cornell.edu/bitstream/handle/1813/53556/INDO_15_0_1107128614_145_186.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y}}<br /> <br /> {{Indonesian National Revolution}}<br /> [[Category:Massacres of the Indonesian National Revolution]]<br /> [[Category:Massacres committed by Indonesia]]<br /> [[Category:1940s in Indonesia]]<br /> [[Category:Massacres in 1946]]<br /> [[Category:Political and cultural purges]]<br /> [[Category:Regicides]]</div> Xbypass https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Comparison_of_Indonesian_and_Standard_Malay&diff=1239057428 Comparison of Indonesian and Standard Malay 2024-08-07T03:49:55Z <p>Xbypass: /* Time */</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Linguistic comparison}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}<br /> {{Wiktionary|Appendix:Indonesian–Standard Malay relations}}<br /> <br /> [[Indonesian language|Indonesian]] and [[Malaysian Malay]] are two standardised varieties of the [[Malay language]], the former used officially in [[Indonesia]] (and in [[Timor Leste]] as a working language) and the latter in [[Brunei]], [[Malaysia]] and [[Singapore]]. Both varieties are generally [[mutual intelligibility|mutually intelligible]], yet there are noticeable differences in spelling, grammar, pronunciation and vocabulary, as well as the predominant source of loanwords.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OtWdhQ7vc6kC&amp;pg=PA71|title=The Austronesian Languages of Asia and Madagascar|last1=Adelaar|first1=K. Alexander|last2=Himmelmann|first2=Nikolaus|date=7 March 2013|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781136755095|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nEYsAwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA50|title=Indonesia-Malaysia Relations: Cultural Heritage, Politics and Labour Migration|last1=Clark|first1=Marshall|last2=Pietsch|first2=Juliet|date=26 March 2014|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781317808886|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZpnlOCB8htQC&amp;q=bahasa+melayu+indonesia+malaysia|title=Kesenjangan leksikal bahasa Melayu Malaysia dan bahasa Indonesia|last=Ahmad|first=Ibrahim|date=2011|publisher=Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka|isbn=9789834605209|language=ms}}&lt;/ref&gt; The differences can range from those mutually unintelligible with one another, to those having a closer familial resemblance. The regionalised and localised varieties of Malay can become a catalyst for intercultural conflict, especially in higher education.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |url=http://www.educ.utas.edu.au/users/tle/JOURNAL/issues/2007/22-1.pdf |title=The Reality of Bahasa Melayu and Bahasa Indonesia in Academia |author1=Hafriza Burhanudeen |author2=Nor Zakiah Abdul Hamid |author3=Norsimah Mat Awal |author4=Mohd Azlan Mis |publisher=Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia |journal=The International Journal of Language Society and Culture |access-date=9 July 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080726045845/http://www.educ.utas.edu.au/users/tle/JOURNAL/issues/2007/22-1.pdf |archive-date=26 July 2008 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4MBTBQAAQBAJ&amp;q=Malay+language+Indonesia|title=A Critical Survey of Studies on Malay and Bahasa Indonesia: Bibliographical|last=Teeuw|first=A.|date=17 April 2013|publisher=Springer Science &amp; Business Media|isbn=9789401187886|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ETXiBwAAQBAJ&amp;q=Indonesian+language+lingua+franca&amp;pg=PT154|title=Consequences of Contact: Language Ideologies and Sociocultural Transformations in Pacific Societies|last1=Makihara|first1=Miki|last2=Schieffelin|first2=Bambi B.|date=27 September 2007|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780190295936|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Perception==<br /> To non-native speakers the two varieties may seem identical, but to native speakers the differences are noticeable through both diction and accent. They affect the broadcasting industry with regard to foreign language subtitling, for example, in DVD movies and on cable TV. In order to reach a wider audience, both Indonesian and Malay subtitles are sometimes displayed in a movie, along with other language subtitles. Another example is Malaysian TV providing Malay subtitling on Indonesian [[sinetron]]s (TV dramas) aired in Malaysia&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://myindo.com/story/278.asp |title=The Wonderful World of Subtitling |author=Fairy Mahzan |publisher=MyIndo.com |access-date=9 July 2012 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130129104528/http://myindo.com/story/278.asp |archive-date=29 January 2013 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; and vice versa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://lifestyle.sindonews.com/read/1247171/158/hore-mnctv-tayangkan-film-terbaru-upin-ipin-1507640031|title=Hore, MNCTV Tayangkan Film Terbaru Upin Ipin|work=SINDOnews.com|access-date=14 February 2018|language=id-ID}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The Malay language in Indonesia and Malaysia also differs in recognition, where in Malaysia it enjoys status as the national language ([[Malaysian language]]),&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/malaysiainpictur0000dipi|url-access=registration|page=[https://archive.org/details/malaysiainpictur0000dipi/page/42 42]|title=Malaysia in Pictures|last=DiPiazza|first=Francesca|date=1 January 2006|publisher=Twenty-First Century Books|isbn=9780822526742|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; while in Indonesia it is considered a [[regional language]] in Malay-speaking areas such as the eastern coast of [[Sumatra]] and [[West Kalimantan]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gipLDwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA2|title=Bahasa Indonesia Kesehatan|last1=M.H.|first1=Wahyudi, S. Kep, Ns|last2=M.Pd|first2=Bivit Anggoro Prasetyo Nugroho, S. Pd|last3=M.Pd|first3=Dra Isnaeni Praptanti|publisher=Penerbit Andi|isbn=9789792963014|language=id}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zFKcQ8_dS00C&amp;q=Malay+regional+language+Sumatra+Kalimantan&amp;pg=PA1350|title=World and Its Peoples: Eastern and Southern Asia|date=2007|publisher=Marshall Cavendish|isbn=9780761476436|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The term &quot;Malay language&quot; (''Bahasa Melayu'') in Indonesia and Malaysia invites different perceptions from its respective people.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F3XvBbdWCKYC&amp;pg=PA335|title=Language and National Identity in Asia|last=Simpson|first=Andrew|date=30 August 2007|publisher=OUP Oxford|isbn=9780191533082|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; To Malaysians, the Malay language is generally understood as the [[national language]] of Malaysia, with Malaysian language (''Bahasa Malaysia)'' being a precise appellation for the Malay variety used in the country.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NCJiAgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA131|title=Language and Translation in Postcolonial Literatures: Multilingual Contexts, Translational Texts|last=Bertacco|first=Simona|date=17 December 2013|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781135136390|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Between 1986 and 2007, the term ''Bahasa Melayu'' was used instead of ''Bahasa Malaysia'', until the latter was reinstated, in order to instill a sense of belonging among Malaysians of all races, rather than just [[Malay people|Malays]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://blog.limkitsiang.com/2007/06/04/restoration-of-bahasa-malaysia-welcomed-but-why-the-sheepish-surreptitious-selective-announcement/ Bahasa Melayu becomes Bahasa Malaysia again], [[Lim Kit Siang]], 6 June 2007&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qGACL5YJRjEC&amp;pg=PA26|title=Language Conflict and National Development: Group Politics and National Language Policy in India|last=Dasgupta|first=Jyotirindra|date=1970|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=9780520015906|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Therefore, there was no clear distinction between the use of the term Malay (''Bahasa Melayu'') and the national language of Malaysia (''Bahasa Malaysia''). In Brunei, where Malay is also an official language, the language is known as ''Bahasa Melayu'' and in English as &quot;Malay&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;[http://bruneitimes.com.bn/art-culture/2010/08/04/perambahan-unique-feature-brunei-malay Perambahan: A unique feature of Brunei Malay] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706150357/http://bruneitimes.com.bn/art-culture/2010/08/04/perambahan-unique-feature-brunei-malay |date=6 July 2011 }}, ''[[Brunei Times]]'', 4 August 2010&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In Indonesia, however, there is a clear distinction between &quot;Malay language&quot; (''bahasa Melayu'') and &quot;Indonesian&quot; (''bahasa Indonesia''). Indonesian is the national language which serves as the [[Lingua franca|unifying language]] of Indonesia; despite being a standardized form of Malay, it is not referred to with the term &quot;Malay&quot; in common parlance.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KafIAwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA83|title=Language and Language-in-Education Planning in the Pacific Basin|last1=Kaplan|first1=R. B.|last2=Baldauf|first2=Richard B. Jr.|date=14 March 2013|publisher=Springer Science &amp; Business Media|isbn=9789401701457|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The term &quot;Malay&quot; is usually reserved for the forms of Malay indigenous to the Malay ethnic group (the national standardized language of Malaysia and the non-standard idioms of [[Malays (ethnic group)|Malay people]], including those used by [[Malay Indonesian]]s). Thus, &quot;Malay&quot; is considered a [[regional language]] (''bahasa daerah'') in Indonesia, enjoying the same status as [[Javanese language|Javanese]], [[Sundanese language|Sundanese]], [[Buginese language|Buginese]], [[Balinese language|Balinese]], [[Batak languages]] and others.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://labbineka.kemdikbud.go.id/bahasa/daftarbahasa|title=Daftar Bahasa-bahasa Daerah di Indonesia|website=labbineka.kemdikbud.go.id|access-date=24 October 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Moreover, to some Indonesians, the term &quot;Malay&quot; is more often associated with Malaysia and the Malaysian variety of Malay.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cA1PilUrW8gC&amp;pg=PA199|title=PELBBA 17: Pertemuan Linguistik Pusat Kajian Bahasa dan Budaya Atma Jaya Ketujuh Belas|date=2004|publisher=Yayasan Obor Indonesia|isbn=9789794615270|language=id}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In Malaysia, the terms &quot;Indonesian Malay&quot; and &quot;Malaysian Malay&quot; are sometimes used for Indonesian and Malay as spoken in Malaysia. In Indonesia, &quot;Indonesian Malay&quot; usually refers to the vernacular varieties of Malay spoken by the [[Malay Indonesian|Malay peoples of Indonesia]], that is, to Malay as a regional language in [[Sumatra]], though it is rarely used.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wiWguZzOToMC&amp;pg=PA25|title=Masyarakat Indonesia|last=Indonesia|first=Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan|year=1968|publisher=Yayasan Obor Indonesia|language=id}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Bahasa Malaysia'' and ''Bahasa Melayu'' are used interchangeably in reference to Malay in Malaysia.<br /> <br /> [[Malay language|Malay]] was designated as a national language by the Singaporean government after independence from Britain in the 1960s to avoid friction with Singapore's Malay-speaking neighbours of Malaysia and Indonesia.&lt;ref name=fromthirdworldtofirst&gt;{{cite book|title=From Third World to First|author=Lee Kuan Yew|year=2000|publisher=[[Marshall Cavendish]]|location=Singapore}}&lt;/ref&gt; It has a symbolic, rather than functional purpose.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CQgjrpgdU6gC&amp;pg=PA42|title=Language and society in Singapore|publisher=Singapore University Press|first1=Evangelos A.|last1=Afendras|first2=Eddie C.Y.|last2=Kuo|year=1980|isbn=978-9971-69-016-8|access-date=27 February 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&amp;pg=PA2018|title=Sociolinguistics: An international handbook of the science of language and society|publisher=Walter de Gruyter|location=Berlin|first1=Ulrich|last1=Ammon|first2=Norbert|last2=Dittmar|first3=Klaus J.|last3=Mattheier|volume=3|year=2006|isbn=978-3-11-018418-1|access-date=27 February 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; It is used in the national anthem &quot;[[Majulah Singapura]]&quot;,&lt;ref&gt;{{Singapore legislation|title=Singapore Arms and Flag and National Anthem Act|cap=296|ed=1985}}&lt;/ref&gt; in citations of [[Singaporean orders and decorations]] and in military commands.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.singstat.gov.sg/pubn/papers/people/c2000adr-literacy.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091113162718/http://www.singstat.gov.sg/pubn/papers/people/c2000adr-literacy.pdf|archive-date=13 November 2009|url-status=dead|title=Literacy and Language|publisher=Singapore Statistics|access-date=27 February 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Singaporean Malay is officially written in the Latin-based [[Rumi script]], though some Singaporean Malays also learn the Arabic-based [[Jawi alphabet|Jawi script]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=Cook|first1=Vivian|last2=Bassetti|first2=Benedetta|title=Second Language Writing Systems|date=2005|publisher=Multilingual Matters|isbn=978-1-85359-793-0|page=359|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yDLVaYJkyHUC}}&lt;/ref&gt; Jawi is considered an ethnic script for use on Singaporean identity cards.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.ica.gov.sg/page.aspx?pageid=140|title=Update Change of Name in IC|publisher=Immigration and Checkpoints Authority|access-date=29 January 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202101218/https://www.ica.gov.sg/page.aspx?pageid=140|archive-date=2 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Orthography==<br /> <br /> ==== Spelling ====<br /> Before the 20th century, Malay was written in a local modified form of the [[Arabic alphabet]] known as [[Jawi script|Jawi]]. During the 20th century, Malay written with [[Roman letters]], known as Rumi, almost completely replaced Jawi in everyday life. The romanisations originally used in [[British Malaya]] (now part of [[Malaysia]]) and the [[Dutch East Indies]] (now [[Indonesia]]) reflected their history as British and Dutch colonial possessions respectively. In British Malaya, the romanisation of Malay, devised by [[Richard James Wilkinson|Richard Wilkinson]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JHgsfADZF9IC&amp;pg=PA94 |title=Spelling and Society: The Culture and Politics of Orthography Around the World |first=Mark |last=Sebba |publisher= Cambridge University Press |year= 2007|isbn=9781139462020 }}&lt;/ref&gt; was influenced by English, whereas in the Dutch East Indies, the [[Van Ophuijsen Spelling System|system devised by C. A. Van Ophuijsen]] was influenced by [[Dutch language|Dutch]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A9UjLYD9jVEC&amp;pg=PA91 |title=The Indonesian Language: Its History and Role in Modern Society |first=James N. |last=Sneddon |publisher=UNSW Press |year=2003|isbn=9780868405988 }}&lt;/ref&gt; As a result, in Indonesia, the vowel {{IPAblink|u}} was formerly represented ''oe'', as in Dutch, although the official spelling of this sound was changed to ''u'' in 1947 when the [[Republican Spelling System]] was used.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PhliAgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA563|title=How Languages Work: An Introduction to Language and Linguistics|last=Genetti|first=Carol|date=23 January 2014|publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=9780521767446}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Similarly, until 1972, {{IPAblink|tʃ}} was represented in Malaysia as ''ch'', whereas in Indonesia, it continued to follow Dutch and used ''tj''. Hence the word for 'grandchild' used to be written as ''{{lang|zsm|chuchu}}'' in Malaysia and ''{{lang|id|tjoetjoe}}'' in Indonesia, until a unified spelling system was introduced in 1972 (known in Indonesia as ''{{lang|id|Ejaan Yang Disempurnakan}}'' or the 'Perfected Spelling') which removed most differences between the two varieties: Malay ''ch'' and Indonesian ''tj'' became ''c'': hence ''{{lang|zsm|cucu}}''.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jones loan words&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sXrxDQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PR11 |title=Loan-Words in Indonesian and Malay |last=Jones|first=Russell|year=2007 |publisher=Yayasan Pustaka Obor Indonesia|isbn=9786024331740}}&lt;/ref&gt; Indonesia abandoned the spelling ''dj'' {{IPAblink|dʒ}} to conform to the ''j'' already in use in Malaysia, while the old Indonesian ''j'' for the semivowel {{IPAblink|j}} was replaced with ''y'' as in Malaysia. Likewise, the [[Voiceless velar fricative|velar fricative]] {{IPAblink|x}} which occurs in many Arabic loanwords, which used to be written 'ch' in Indonesian, became ''kh'' in both languages.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jones loan words&quot; /&gt; However, ''oe'' was retained in some proper names, such as the name of the former vice-president, [[Boediono]] or former minister [[Mohammad Roem]]. The ''ch'' and ''dj'' letter combinations are still encountered in names such as ''Achmad'' and ''Djojo'' (pronounced as ''Akhmad'' and ''Joyo'' respectively), although the post-1972 spelling is now favoured.<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |+Indonesian-Malaysian Spelling Comparison<br /> !IPA<br /> !Malaysian<br /> Old Spelling<br /> !Indonesian <br /> Old Spelling<br /> !Indonesian-Malaysian<br /> Post-1972 Spelling<br /> |-<br /> |/ə/<br /> |ă, ĕ<br /> |ē<br /> |e<br /> |-<br /> |/e/<br /> |e<br /> |e<br /> |e<br /> |-<br /> |/ɛ/<br /> |<br /> |é<br /> |e<br /> |-<br /> |/tʃ/<br /> |ch<br /> |tj<br /> |c<br /> |-<br /> |/dˤ/<br /> |dh<br /> |<br /> |d<br /> |-<br /> |/dʒ/<br /> |j<br /> |dj<br /> |j<br /> |-<br /> |/x/<br /> |kh<br /> |ch<br /> |kh<br /> |-<br /> |/ɲ/<br /> |ny<br /> |nj<br /> |ny<br /> |-<br /> |/zˤ/<br /> |dz<br /> |<br /> |z<br /> |-<br /> |/ʃ/<br /> |sh<br /> |sj<br /> |sy<br /> |-<br /> |/θ/<br /> |th<br /> |<br /> |s<br /> |-<br /> |/u/<br /> |u<br /> |oe<br /> |u<br /> |-<br /> |/j/<br /> |y<br /> |j<br /> |y<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === Punctuation ===<br /> One notable difference in [[punctuation]] between the two languages is the use of different [[decimal mark]]s; Indonesian, influenced by Dutch, uses the [[decimal comma#Countries using Arabic numerals with decimal comma|decimal comma]],&lt;ref&gt;[http://nasional.kompas.com/read/2013/06/14/21044791/Istri.Djoko.Disebut.Beli.Rumah.Rp.7.1.Miliar Istri Djoko Disebut Beli Rumah Rp 7,1 Miliar], ''[[Kompas]]'', 14 June 2013&lt;/ref&gt; whereas Malay, influenced by English, uses the [[decimal comma#Countries using Arabic numerals with decimal point|decimal point]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.utusan.com.my/utusan/Ekonomi/20130606/ek_05/58-IBO-berpotensi-jana-RM1.9b 58 IBO berpotensi jana RM1.9b], ''[[Utusan Melayu]]'', 6 June 2013&lt;/ref&gt; A glossary of [[Information Technology]] terminology, available in English, Indonesian, and Malay, was published to facilitate the comparison and comprehension of language variations among individuals in Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, and Brunei who are seeking assistance and information online.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.amazon.in/Glossary-Computer-Terms-English-Indonesian-Malay-Gunarto-ebook/dp/B0BX633QV4/ref=monarch_sidesheet |title=Glossary of IT and Computer Terms: English-Indonesian-Malay |publisher=Kindle KDP Amazon Publishing, 2023, [[Hary Gunarto]]|access-date=October 7, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Pronunciation==<br /> <br /> Pronunciation also tends to be very different, with East Malaysia, Standard Singapore, and Indonesia pronouncing words in a form called ''Bahasa Baku'',&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MKdMDgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA6|title=A grammar of Papuan Malay|last=Kluge|first=Angela|date=8 July 2016|publisher=Language Science Press|isbn=9783944675862}}&lt;/ref&gt; where the words are pronounced as spelled.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Dw-YBwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA230|title=Pidgins, Creoles and Mixed Languages: An Introduction|last=Velupillai|first=Viveka|date=15 April 2015|publisher=John Benjamins Publishing Company|isbn=9789027268846}}&lt;/ref&gt; Moreover, enunciation tends to be clipped, staccato and faster than on the Malay Peninsula, which is spoken at a more languorous pace. Many vowels are pronounced (and were formerly spelt) differently in Peninsular Malaysia, Colloquial Singapore, and Riau Sumatra: ''{{lang|zsm|tujuh}}'' is pronounced (and was spelt) ''{{lang|zsm|tujoh}}'', ''{{lang|zsm|pilih}}'' as ''{{lang|zsm|pileh}}'', etc., and many final ''a'''s tend to be pronounced as [[schwa]]s; {{IPA|[e]}} and {{IPA|[o]}} are also allophones of {{IPA|/i/}} and {{IPA|/u/}} in closed final syllables in peninsular Malaysian, Colloquial Singaporean and Riau Sumatran varieties of Malay; These pronunciation rules is known as [[Johor]]-[[Riau]] pronunciation.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uyY6HJYcEKYC&amp;pg=PA209|title=Status Change of Languages|last1=Ammon|first1=Ulrich|last2=Hellinger|first2=Marlis|date=1992|publisher=Walter de Gruyter|isbn=9783110126686}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gPekCgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT82|title=Early History of Penang (Penerbit USM)|last=Salleh|editor-first=Muhammad |editor-last=Haji|date=27 August 2015|publisher=Penerbit USM|isbn=9789838616577}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; <br /> |+Comparison of several standard pronunciations of Malay&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last=Abu Bakar |first=Mukhlis |date=2019-12-18 |title=Sebutan Johor-Riau dan Sebutan Baku dalam Konteks Identiti Masyarakat Melayu Singapura |url=http://publisher.unimas.my/ojs/index.php/ILS/article/view/1521 |journal=Issues in Language Studies |volume=8 |issue=2 |doi=10.33736/ils.1521.2019 |s2cid=213343934 |issn=2180-2726|doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> !<br /> ! style=text-align:center | Example<br /> ! style=text-align:center | ''Johor-Riau'' (''Piawai'')<br /> Pronunciation<br /> ! style=text-align:center | Northern Peninsular<br /> Pronunciation<br /> ! style=text-align:center| ''Baku'' &amp; Indonesian<br /> Pronunciation<br /> |-<br /> |⟨a⟩ in final open syllable <br /> |style=text-align:center | ⟨keret'''a'''⟩<br /> |style=text-align:center | /ə/<br /> |style=text-align:center | /a/<br /> |style=text-align:center | /a/<br /> |-<br /> |⟨i⟩ in final closed syllable with final ⟨n⟩ and ⟨ng⟩ <br /> |style=text-align:center | ⟨kamb'''i'''ng⟩<br /> |style=text-align:center | /e/<br /> |style=text-align:center | /i/<br /> |style=text-align:center | /i/<br /> |-<br /> |⟨i⟩ in final closed syllable with other final consonants <br /> |style=text-align:center | ⟨it'''i'''k⟩<br /> |style=text-align:center | /e/<br /> |style=text-align:center | /e/<br /> |style=text-align:center | /i/<br /> |-<br /> |⟨u⟩ in final closed syllable with final ⟨n⟩ and ⟨ng⟩ <br /> |style=text-align:center | ⟨tah'''u'''n⟩<br /> |style=text-align:center | /o/<br /> |style=text-align:center | /u/<br /> |style=text-align:center | /u/<br /> |-<br /> |⟨u⟩ in final closed syllable with other final consonants <br /> |style=text-align:center | ⟨lump'''u'''r⟩<br /> |style=text-align:center | /o/<br /> |style=text-align:center | /o/<br /> |style=text-align:center | /u/<br /> |-<br /> |final ⟨r⟩<br /> |style=text-align:center | ⟨lumpu'''r'''⟩<br /> |style=text-align:center | silent<br /> |style=text-align:center | /r/<br /> |style=text-align:center | /r/<br /> |}<br /> <br /> The names for Latin letters are also of different origins, Indonesian names are from Dutch, while Malaysian Malay names are from English (see [[Malay alphabet|Malay-Indonesian alphabet]]).<br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> ! width=&quot;30%&quot; | Word<br /> ! width=&quot;35%&quot; | (Malaysian) Malay<br /> ! width=&quot;35%&quot; | Indonesian <br /> |-<br /> | ABC || {{IPA-ms|/e/./bi/./si/|}} || {{IPA-id|/a/./be/./t͡ʃe/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[Automated teller machine|ATM]] || {{IPA-ms|/e/./ti/./em/|}} || {{IPA-id|/a/./te/./em/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[A minor]] || {{IPA-ms|/e/ maj.nə|}} || {{IPA-id|/a/ mi.nor|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[Bunga Citra Lestari|BCL]] || {{IPA-ms|/bi/./si/./el/|}} || {{IPA-id|/be/./t͡ʃe/./el/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[BMW]] || {{IPA-ms|/bi/./em/./dabəlˈju/|}} || {{IPA-id|/be/./em/./we/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[COD (disambiguation)|COD]] || {{IPA-ms|/si/./o/./di/|}} || {{IPA-id|/t͡ʃe/./o/./de/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[DNA]] || {{IPA-ms|/di/./en/./e/|}} || {{IPA-id|/de/./en/./a/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[E minor]] || {{IPA-ms|/i/ maj.nə|}} || {{IPA-id|/e/ mi.nor|}}<br /> |-<br /> | generasi || {{IPA-ms|d͡ʒə.nə.ra.si|}} || {{IPA-id|ɡe.nə.ra.si|}}<br /> |-<br /> | ghaib (ms), gaib (id) || {{IPA-ms|ɣɑ.ib|}} || {{IPA-id|ga.ib|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[High-definition television|HD]] || {{IPA-ms|/het͡ʃ/./di/|}} || {{IPA-id|/ha/./de/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[HDMI]] || {{IPA-ms|/het͡ʃ/./di/./em/./aj/|}} || {{IPA-id|/ha/./de/./em/./i/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[HIV]] || {{IPA-ms|/het͡ʃ/./aj/./vi/|}} || {{IPA-id|/ha/./i/./fe/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[HRD (disambiguation)|HRD]] || {{IPA-ms|/het͡ʃ/./a:/./di/|}} || {{IPA-id|/ha/./er/./de/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | idea (ms), ide (id) || {{IPA-ms|aj.di.jə|}} || {{IPA-id|i.de|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[IMF]] || {{IPA-ms|/aj/./em/./ef/|}} || {{IPA-id|/i/./em/./ef/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | Ireland (ms), Irlandia (id) || {{IPA-ms|ˈaɪə.lənd|}} || {{IPA-id|ir.lan.di.ja|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[Bandung Institute of Technology|ITB]]<br /> | {{IPA-ms|/aj/./ti/./bi/|}} || {{IPA-id|/i/./te/./be/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[Kereta Cepat Indonesia China|KCIC]]<br /> | {{IPA-ms|/ke/./si/./aj/./si/|}} || {{IPA-id|/ka/./t͡ʃe/./i/./t͡ʃe/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[KLIA]] || {{IPA-ms|/ke/./el/./aj/./e/|}} || {{IPA-id|/ka/./el/./i/./a/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | koir (ms), kor (id) || {{IPA-ms|kwa.jər|}} || {{IPA-id|kor|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[LGBT]] || {{IPA-ms|/el/./d͡ʒi/./bi/./ti/|}} || {{IPA-id|/el/./ge/./be/./te/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[Malaysia]] || {{IPA-ms|mə.le.sjə|}} || {{IPA-id|ma.laj.siʲa|}} <br /> |-<br /> | November || {{IPA-ms|no.vɛm.bər|}} || {{IPA-id|no.fɛm.bər|}}<br /> |-<br /> | protein || {{IPA-ms|pro.tin|}} || {{IPA-id|pro.te.in|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[Radio Televisyen Malaysia|RTM]] || {{IPA-ms|/a:/./ti/./em/|}} || {{IPA-id|/er/./te/./em/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[RCTI]] || {{IPA-ms|/a:/./si/./ti/./aj/|}} || {{IPA-id|/er/./t͡ʃe/./te/./i/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[SCTV (TV network)]] || {{IPA-ms|/es/./si/./ti/./vi/|}} || {{IPA-id|/es/./t͡ʃe/./te/./fe/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission|SPRM]] || {{IPA-ms|/es/./pi/./a:/./em/|}} || {{IPA-id|/es/./pe/./er/./em/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | spesies || {{IPA-ms|spe.sis|}} || {{IPA-id|spe.si.jɛs|}}<br /> |-<br /> | teknologi || {{IPA-ms|tɛk.no.lo.d͡ʒi|}} || {{IPA-id|tɛk.no.lo.ɡi|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[TVRI]] || {{IPA-ms|/ti/./vi/./a:/./aj/|}} || {{IPA-id|/te/./fe/./er/./i/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | Ukraine (ms), Ukraina (id) || {{IPA-ms|ju.kren|}} || {{IPA-id|u.kraj.na|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[UNHCR]] || {{IPA-ms|/ju/./en/./het͡ʃ/./si/./a:/|}} || {{IPA-id|/u/./en/./ha/./t͡ʃe/./er/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[University of Technology Malaysia|UTM]]<br /> | {{IPA-ms|/ju/./ti/./em/|}} || {{IPA-id|/u/./te/./em/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[WFH]] || {{IPA-ms|/dabəlˈju/./ef/./het͡ʃ/|}} || {{IPA-id|/we/./ef/./ha/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[WHO]] || {{IPA-ms|/dabəlˈju/./het͡ʃ/./o/|}} || {{IPA-id|/we/./ha/./o/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[WWW]] || {{IPA-ms|/dabəlˈju/./dabəlˈju/./dabəlˈju/|}} || {{IPA-id|/we/./we/./we/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | xilem || {{IPA-ms|zi.ləm|}} || {{IPA-id|si.ləm|}}<br /> |-<br /> | xilofon || {{IPA-ms|zi.lo.fon|}} || {{IPA-id|si.lo.fon|}}<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Syllabification==<br /> <br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> ! width=&quot;30%&quot; | Word<br /> ! width=&quot;35%&quot; | (Malaysian) Malay syllabification<br /> ! width=&quot;35%&quot; | Indonesian syllabification<br /> |-<br /> | problem || {{lang|zsm|mas.a.lah}} || {{lang|id|ma.sa.lah}}<br /> |-<br /> | start || {{lang|zsm|mu.la.i}} || {{lang|id|mu.lai}}<br /> |-<br /> | weather || {{lang|zsm|cua.ca}} || {{lang|id|cu.a.ca}}<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Vocabulary ==<br /> {{Wiktionary|Appendix:Indonesian–Standard Malay relations}}<br /> <br /> === Word derivation and compounds ===<br /> Indonesian and (Standard Malaysian) Malay have similar derivation and compounds rule. However, there is difference on quasi-past participle or participle-like adjective when attached to a noun or verb. (Standard Malaysian) Malay uses prefix ''ber-'' to denote such, while Indonesian uses prefix ''ter-'' to do so. It is important to note that prefix ber- can denote several other meanings.<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |+<br /> ! width=&quot;20%&quot;|English<br /> ! width=&quot;40%&quot;|(Malaysian) Malay<br /> ! width=&quot;40%&quot;|Indonesian<br /> |-<br /> |'''registered''' &lt;small&gt;(having had one's name added to an official list or entered into a register)&lt;/small&gt;<br /> |'''''&lt;u&gt;ber&lt;/u&gt;'''daftar''<br /> |'''''&lt;u&gt;ter&lt;/u&gt;'''daftar''<br /> |-<br /> |'''local'''<br /> |''tempat'''&lt;u&gt;an&lt;/u&gt;'''''<br /> |'''''&lt;u&gt;se&lt;/u&gt;'''tempat''<br /> |-<br /> |'''honorable'''<br /> |'''''&lt;u&gt;ber&lt;/u&gt;'''hormat''<br /> |'''''&lt;u&gt;ter&lt;/u&gt;'''hormat''<br /> |-<br /> |'''written''' &lt;small&gt;(having been written)&lt;/small&gt;<br /> |'''''&lt;u&gt;ber&lt;/u&gt;'''tulis''<br /> |'''''&lt;u&gt;ter&lt;/u&gt;'''tulis''<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === Loanword source differences ===<br /> {{More citations needed section|date=February 2024}}<br /> Indonesian and Malaysian Malay both differ in the forms of loanwords used due to division of the Malay Archipelago by the Dutch and the British and their long-lasting colonial influences, as a consequence of the [[Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824]]: Indonesian absorbed primarily Dutch loanwords whereas Malaysian Malay absorbed primarily English words. Pronunciation of certain loanwords in Malaysian Malay follows English, while in Indonesian it follows Dutch, for example Malay &quot;{{lang|zsm|televisyen}}&quot; (from English: television) and Indonesian &quot;{{lang|id|televisi}}&quot; (from Dutch: ''{{lang|nl|televisie}}''); the &quot;-syen&quot; and &quot;-si&quot; also prevail in some other words, though &quot;-si&quot; has become more preferred in Malay of late.{{cn|date=February 2024}}<br /> <br /> Malaysian Malay has also experienced significant conservative pushback as precedent entities that existed within the British sphere made efforts to create words that would fit naturally foreign ideas of governance and thought through a Malay-oriented context. The Pakatan Belajar Mengajar Pengetahuan Bahasa in [[Johore]] headed by [[Abdul Rahman Andak]] during the 19th century was especially important in introducing [[neologism]]s like ''pejabat'' (&quot;office&quot;, cf. Indonesian ''kantor'' from {{lang|nl|kantoor}}) and ''setiausaha'' (&quot;secretary&quot;, cf. Indo ''sekretaris'' from {{lang-nl|secretaris}}) into the Malay lexicon.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Sejarah Perancangan Bahasa Melayu di Negeri Johor|last=Amat Juhari Moain|publisher=[[Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka]]|year=2009|isbn=9789836297914|location=[[Kuala Lumpur]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; For example, the word for 'post office' in Malaysia is &quot;{{lang|zsm|pejabat pos}}&quot; (in Indonesia this means 'post officer'), whereas in Indonesia it is &quot;{{lang|id|kantor pos}}&quot;.<br /> <br /> There are also some [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] influences: in Indonesia, Christmas is known as &quot;{{lang|id|Natal}}&quot;, whereas Malaysia uses both &quot;Natal&quot; and &quot;{{lang|zsm|Krismas}}&quot;, the latter derived from English. There are also instances where the Malaysian Malay version derives from English pronunciation while the Indonesian version takes its cue from [[Latin]]. The Latin preference of the (older) Indonesian intellectuals in these instances may be ascribed to the influence of their classical-oriented education when [[Gymnasium (school)|''Gymnasium'']] schools were established during the Dutch colonial period: compare Malaysian Malay ''{{lang|zsm|kualiti}}'', ''{{lang|zsm|kuantiti}}'', ''{{lang|zsm|majoriti}}'', ''{{lang|zsm|minoriti}}'' and ''{{lang|zsm|universiti}}'' with Indonesian ''{{lang|id|kualitas}}'', ''{{lang|id|kuantitas}}'', ''{{lang|id|mayoritas}}'', ''{{lang|id|minoritas}}'' and ''{{lang|id|universitas}}''.{{cn|date=February 2024}}<br /> <br /> Some words which are spelt the same in both languages may even carry entirely different meanings in the other language, potentially leading to humorous or embarrassing situations: while ''{{lang|id|baja}}'' means &quot;steel&quot; in Indonesian,&lt;ref&gt;[https://kbbi.web.id/baja Arti kata baja]. [[Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia]]. Retrieved 23 April 2024&lt;/ref&gt; in Malaysian Malay it means &quot;fertiliser&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;[https://prpm.dbp.gov.my/cari1?keyword=baja Definisi baja]. [[Kamus Dewan]]. Retrieved 23 April 2024&lt;/ref&gt; Also, whereas the Indonesian word ''{{lang|id|butuh}}'' (from [[Sundanese language|Sundanese]] ᮘᮥᮒᮥᮂ butuh) means &quot;require&quot; or &quot;need&quot;,&lt;ref&gt;[https://kbbi.web.id/butuh Arti kata butuh]. Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia. Retrieved 23 April 2024&lt;/ref&gt; in Malay, it is a vulgar slang term referring to male genitalia.&lt;ref&gt;[https://prpm.dbp.gov.my/cari1?keyword=butuh Definisi butuh]. Kamus Dewan. Retrieved 23 April 2024&lt;/ref&gt; Conversely, where the word &quot;{{lang|zsm|banci}}&quot; seems innocuous enough in Malaysia (&quot;census&quot;),&lt;ref&gt;[https://prpm.dbp.gov.my/cari1?keyword=banci Definisi banci]. Kamus Dewan. Retrieved 23 April 2024&lt;/ref&gt; in Indonesia it is a derogatory term for &quot;transvestite&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;[https://kbbi.web.id/banci Arti kata banci]. Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia. Retrieved 23 April 2024&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The relatively large share of Islamic (Arabic or Persian) loan words shared by Malaysian Malay and Indonesian often poses no difficulty in comprehension and usage, although some forms may have developed a (slightly) different meaning or have become obsolete either in Malaysian Malay or in Indonesian, e.g. ''{{lang|zsm|khidmat}}'', ''{{lang|zsm|wakil}}''.{{cn|date=February 2024}}<br /> <br /> === English loanwords ===<br /> One of the most important aspect in differences between Malay (Malaysian and Brunei) and Indonesian is the degree of influence from English. Apart from being heavily influenced by the Dutch language, the Indonesian language also adopted a significant number of English loanwords in its vocabulary, although English did not play significant role on the Indonesian language and in fact most of these vocabulary are of Dutch origin – Dutch and English share a similar [[Germanic languages|Germanic origin]], and Dutch has also borrowed from [[Latin]], although to a lesser extent than English. There have been many changes in Indonesian as a result of its historical development. Words have been freely borrowed from English and only partly assimilated, in many cases, to the Indonesian patterns of structure.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Indonesian reference grammar|page=2|author=Roderick Ross Macdonald |isbn=9780878401635 |year= 1976 |publisher=Georgetown University Press|location=Georgetown, USA}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> By the late 1970s, English words began pouring into the language, leading one commentator, writing in 1977, to refer to the &quot;trend towards Indo-Saxonization&quot;,&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=sYUbAAAAIAAJ&amp;q=%22Indo-Saxonization%22 ''The Indonesian Quarterly''], Yayasan Proklamasi, [[Centre for Strategic and International Studies]], 1977 Volume 5, Issues 1–3, page 76&lt;/ref&gt; known in Indonesian as ''{{lang|id|pengindosaksonan}}''. Many loanwords from English sometimes fulfill no communicative need, expressing concepts adequately covered by existing words. Among the examples are: ''{{lang|id|akurat}}'' instead of ''{{lang|id|tepat}}'' (accurate, Dutch {{lang|nl|accuraat}}), ''{{lang|id|aliansi}}'' in the place of ''{{lang|id|sekutu}}'' (alliance, Dutch {{lang|nl|alliantie}}), ''{{lang|id|eksis}}'' rather than ''{{lang|id|ada}}'' (exist), ''{{lang|id|kandidat}}'' as well as ''{{lang|id|calon}}'' (candidate, Dutch {{lang|nl|kandidaat}}), ''{{lang|id|konklusi}}'' instead of ''{{lang|id|kesimpulan}}'' (conclusion, Dutch {{lang|nl|conclusie}}), ''{{lang|id|kontaminasi}}'' in the place of ''{{lang|id|pencemaran}}'' (contamination, Dutch {{lang|nl|contaminatie}}), ''{{lang|id|opini}}'' rather than ''{{lang|id|pendapat}}'' (opinion, Dutch {{lang|nl|opinie}}) and ''{{lang|id|opsi}}'' in the place of ''{{lang|id|pilihan}}'' (option, Dutch {{lang|nl|optie}}).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=A Study of the Evolution of the Malay Language: Social Change and Cognitive Development|page=14 |author=Seong Chee Tham|isbn= 978-9971691363|year=1991|publisher=Singapore University Press|location=Singapore}}&lt;/ref&gt; However, these ''{{lang|id|pengindosaksonan}}'' is not directly borrowed from English, but through their cognates in Dutch pronunciations as ''{{lang|id|<br /> Pedoman Umum Pembentukan Istilah}}'' is heavily influenced by Dutch cognates.<br /> <br /> === Social and cultural differences ===<br /> Lexical items that reflect separate social and cultural development.<br /> <br /> ==== Education ====<br /> Indonesia has a more uniform nationwide system of terms than does Malaysia. ''Public school'' (a publicly funded and administered school) is known as ''sekolah negeri'' in Indonesian and ''sekolah kebangsaan'' in Malaysia. Meanwhile, ''sekolah tinggi'' is translation of [[high school]] in Malaysia (similar to English usage), while it refers to [[university college]] in Indonesia (similar to Flanders Dutch ''hogeschool''). <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |+School Years for Academic/General School System in Standard Malay and Indonesian<br /> !Age Range<br /> !Malaysian Malay<br /> !Singaporean Malay<br /> !Brunei Malay<br /> !Indonesian<br /> |-<br /> |1-4<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |3-5<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |'''Sekolah Rendah'''<br /> |'''Sekolah Rendah'''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |5-6<br /> |Darjah 1 (Satu)<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |6-7<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Darjah 2 (Dua)<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |<br /> |'''Sekolah Rendah'''<br /> |'''Sekolah Dasar (SD)'''<br /> |-<br /> |Tahun 1 (Satu)<br /> |Kelas 1 (Satu)<br /> |-<br /> |7-8<br /> |Darjah 3 (Tiga)<br /> |<br /> |Tahun 2 (Dua)<br /> |Kelas 2 (Dua)<br /> |-<br /> |8-9<br /> |Darjah 4 (Empat)<br /> |<br /> |Tahun 3 (Tiga)<br /> |Kelas 3 (Tiga)<br /> |-<br /> |9-10<br /> |Darjah 5 (Lima)<br /> |<br /> |Tahun 4 (Empat)<br /> |Kelas 4 (Empat)<br /> |-<br /> |10-11<br /> |Darjah 6 (Enam)<br /> |<br /> |Tahun 5 (Lima)<br /> |Kelas 5 (Lima)<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |11-12<br /> |'''Sekolah Menengah'''<br /> |'''Sekolah Menengah'''<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Tahun 6 (Enam)<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Kelas 6 (Enam)<br /> |-<br /> |Tingkatan 1 (Satu)<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |12-13<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Tingkatan 2 (Dua)<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |<br /> |'''Sekolah Menengah'''<br /> |'''Sekolah Menengah Pertama (SMP)'''<br /> |-<br /> |Tahun 7 (Tujuh)<br /> |Kelas 7 (Tujuh)<br /> |-<br /> |13-14<br /> |Tingkatan 3 (Tiga)<br /> |<br /> |Tahun 8 (Lapan)<br /> |Kelas 8 (Delapan)<br /> |-<br /> |14-15<br /> |Tingkatan 4 (Empat)<br /> |<br /> |Tahun 9 (Sembilan)<br /> |Kelas 9 (Sembilan)<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |15-16<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Tingkatan 5 (Lima)<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Tahun 10 (Sepuluh)<br /> |'''Sekolah Menengah Atas (SMA)'''<br /> |-<br /> |Kelas 10 (Sepuluh)<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |16-17<br /> |'''Kolej Tingkatan Enam''' <br /> '''Kolej Matrikulasi'''<br /> |'''Maktab Rendah'''<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Tahun 11 (Sebelas)<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Kelas 11 (Sebelas)<br /> |-<br /> |Tingkatan 6 (Enam) Bawah<br /> Matrikulasi<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |17-18<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Tingkatan 6 (Enam) Atas<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |<br /> |'''Prauniversiti'''<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Kelas 12 (Duabelas)<br /> |-<br /> |Tahun 12 (Duabelas)<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> | colspan=&quot;4&quot; |'''Tertiary Education'''<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==== Time ====<br /> In Indonesian, &quot;''pukul'' ''setengah tujuh''&quot; refers to half to seven. However, in (Malaysian) Malay, &quot;''pukul tujuh setengah''&quot; means half past seven.<br /> <br /> == Convergence and divergence ==<br /> The rift of evolution between the two languages is based more on political nuance and the history of their formation than on cultural reasons. As a result, views regarding each other's languages differ amongst Malaysians and Indonesians. In Malaysia, the national language is Malay; in Indonesia, it is Indonesian. Malaysians tend to assert that Malay and Indonesian are merely different varieties of the same language, while Indonesians tend to treat them as separate – albeit closely related – languages. The result of this attitude is that the Indonesians feel little need to synchronize their language with Malaysia, Singapore and Brunei, whereas the Malaysians are keener to coordinate the evolution of the language with the Indonesians.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.yawningbread.org/arch_2005/yax-455.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304060400/http://www.yawningbread.org/arch_2005/yax-455.htm|archive-date=4 March 2016|title=Who is Malay?|date=July 2005}}&lt;/ref&gt; However, both parties have realized that communication benefits from mutually comprehensible and intelligible languages, which motivated efforts to synchronize the languages' development. The effort to synchronize both languages' evolution to increase their mutual intelligibility has been embarked by imposing standard [[rules of language]]. This process is headed by [[Language Development and Fostering Agency|Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa]] on the Indonesian side and [[Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka]] as its Malaysian counterpart through [[Majlis Bahasa Brunei-Indonesia-Malaysia]] (MABBIM). Authorities in both Brunei and Singapore generally abide by the Malaysian standard in disputes.{{cn|date=February 2024}} Although, MABBIM is not working properly which reflects Indonesian attitude of little need to synchronize their language.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Amin |first=Manzaidi Mohd |date=2022-04-21 |title=Terima hakikat negara jiran tolak penggunaan bahasa Melayu bahasa pengantar - MPN |trans-title=Accept the fact that neighboring countries reject the use of Malay as the medium of instruction - MPN |url=https://malaysiagazette.com/2022/04/21/terima-hakikat-negara-jiran-tolak-penggunaan-bahasa-melayu-bahasa-pengantar-mpn/ |url-status=live |access-date=2024-06-07 |work=Malaysia Gazette}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Indonesia akan tolak selagi Malaysia guna istilah 'Bahasa Melayu' |trans-title=Indonesia will reject as long as Malaysia uses the term 'Malay' |url=https://www.astroawani.com/berita-malaysia/indonesia-akan-tolak-selagi-malaysia-guna-istilah-bahasa-melayu-357992 |url-status=live |work=Astro Awani}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Example ==<br /> '''Original text in Indonesian''':&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.antaranews.com/berita/261056/draghi-krisis-zona-euro-berisiko-sistemik Antara News – Draghi: Krisis Zona Euro Berisiko &quot;Sistemik&quot;]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> :{{lang|id|Apabila peraturan}} '''''{{lang|id|pakta stabilitas Eropa}}''''' {{lang|id|dihormati sampai ke}} '''''{{lang|id|detail}}'''''{{lang|id|nya}}, '''''{{lang|id|rasio utang publik}}''''' ''{{lang|id|dibanding}}'' '''''{{lang|id|produk domestik bruto}}''''' {{lang|id|pada}} {{lang|id|hari}} {{lang|id|krisis akan berada di}} '''''{{lang|id|posisi}}''''' {{lang|id|10}} '''''{{lang|id|persentase poin}}''''' {{lang|id|kurang dalam}} '''''{{lang|id|zona}}''''' {{lang|id|euro, katanya}}.<br /> <br /> '''In Malay (Malaysian and Brunei)''':<br /> :{{lang|zsm|Jika peraturan}} '''''{{lang|zsm|pakatan kestabilan Eropah}}''''' {{lang|zsm|dihormati secara ter}}'''{{lang|zsm|perinci}}''', '''''{{lang|zsm|nisbah hutang awam}}''''' ''{{lang|zsm|berbanding}}'' '''''{{lang|zsm|keluaran dalam negara kasar}}''''' {{lang|zsm|pada}} {{lang|zsm|zaman}} {{lang|zsm|krisis akan berada di}} '''''{{lang|zsm|kedudukan}}''''' 10 '''''{{lang|zsm|mata peratusan}}''''' {{lang|zsm|kurang dalam}} '''''{{lang|zsm|zon}}''''' {{lang|zsm|euro, kata beliau}}.<br /> <br /> '''In English''':<br /> :If the '''''European stability pact''''' rules had been respected in '''''detail''''', the '''''ratio of public debt''''' ''to'' '''''gross domestic product''''' on the '''days''' of crisis would have been at the '''''position''''' 10 '''''percentage points''''' less in the euro'''''zone''''', he said.<br /> The following texts are excerpts from the official translations of the [[Universal Declaration of Human Rights]] in Indonesian and Malay (Malaysian and Brunei), along with the original declaration in English.<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |+<br /> ![[Indonesian language|Indonesian]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Pernyataan Umum tentang Hak-Hak Asasi Manusia |trans-title=Universal Declaration of Human Rights |url=https://www.ohchr.org/en/human-rights/universal-declaration/translations/indonesian |access-date=2024-06-07 |website=OHCHR}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> !Malay (Malaysia and Brunei)&lt;ref name=&quot;:21&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Perisytiharan Hak Asasi Manusia Sejagat |trans-title=Universal Declaration of Human Rights |url=http://www.ohchr.org/EN/UDHR/Pages/Language.aspx?LangID=mli |website=OHCHR |language=ms}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> !English&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Universal Declaration of Human Rights: English |url=http://www.ohchr.org/EN/UDHR/Pages/Language.aspx?LangID=eng |website=OHCHR}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |- style=&quot;vertical-align: top;&quot;<br /> | lang=&quot;id&quot; |Maka,<br /> Majelis Umum memproklamasikan<br /> <br /> '''PERNYATAAN UMUM TENTANG HAK ASASI MANUSIA''' sebagai satu standar umum keberhasilan untuk semua bangsa dan negara, dengan tujuan agar setiap orang dan setiap badan dalam masyarakat dengan senantiasa mengingat Pernyataan ini, akan berusaha dengan jalan mengajar dan mendidik untuk menggalakkan penghargaan terhadap hak-hak dan kebebasan-kebebasan tersebut, dan dengan jalan tindakan-tindakan progresif yang bersifat nasional maupun internasional, menjamin pengakuan dan penghormatannya secara universal dan efektif, baik oleh bangsa-bangsa dari negara anggota sendiri maupun oleh bangsa-bangsa dari daerah-daerah yang berada di bawah kekuasaan hukum mereka.<br /> <br /> '''Pasal 1''' Semua orang dilahirkan merdeka dan mempunyai martabat dan hak-hak yang sama. Mereka dikaruniai akal dan hati nurani dan hendaknya bergaul satu sama lain dalam semangat persaudaraan.<br /> | lang=&quot;zsm&quot; |Maka dengan ini,<br /> Perhimpunan Agung mengisytiharkan<br /> <br /> '''PERISYTIHARAN SEJAGAT HAK ASASI MANUSIA''' ini sebagai suatu ukuran bersama terhadap pencapaian oleh seluruh umat manusia dan kesemua negara dengan tujuan supaya setiap individu dan setiap badan masyarakat, dengan sentiasa mengingati Perisytiharan ini, hendaklah berazam melalui pengajaran dan pendidikan bagi memajukan sanjungan terhadap seluruh hak-hak dan kebebasan ini dan secara langkah-langkah berperingkat-peringkat, di bidang negara dan antarabangsa, bagi menjaminkan pengkitirafan dan pematuhan sejagatnya yang berkesan, kedua-duanya di antara negara-negara anggota masing-masing dan rakyat wilayah-wilayah di bawah bidang kuasa mereka.<br /> <br /> '''Perkara 1''' Semua manusia dilahirkan bebas dan samarata dari segi kemuliaan dan hak-hak. Mereka mempunyai pemikiran dan perasaan hati dan hendaklah bertindak di antara satu sama lain dengan semangat persaudaraan<br /> | lang=&quot;en&quot; |Now, therefore,<br /> The General Assembly proclaims<br /> <br /> This '''UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS''' as a common standard of achievement for all peoples and all nations, to the end that every individual and every organ of society, keeping this Declaration constantly in mind, shall strive by teaching and education to promote respect for these rights and freedoms and by progressive measures, national and international, to secure their universal and effective recognition and observance, both among the peoples of Member States themselves and among the peoples of territories under their jurisdiction.<br /> <br /> '''Article 1''' All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[Majlis Bahasa Brunei-Indonesia-Malaysia]]<br /> * [[Malay orthography|Malay-Indonesian orthography]]<br /> * [[Malay grammar|Malay-Indonesian grammar]]<br /> * [[Indonesian orthography]]<br /> * [[Indonesian slang]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * {{cite journal |first=Asmah |last=Haji Omar |title=The Malay Spelling Reform |journal=Journal of the Simplified Spelling Society |year=1989 |pages=9–13 |url=http://www.spellingsociety.org/journals/j11/malay.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060927160151/http://www.spellingsociety.org/journals/j11/malay.php |archive-date=27 September 2006 |url-status=dead |access-date=2 November 2006 }}<br /> * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120530225650/http://badanbahasa.kemdiknas.go.id/kbbi/ Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia]. 2008. Pusat Bahasa, Departemen Pendidikan Nasional<br /> * {{cite web | author=Regina Pasys | title=Ternyata 4 Negara Ini Mempunya Bahasa yang Mirip dengan Bahasa Indonesia, Sudah Tahu?| publisher=Grid Kids| url=https://kids.grid.id/read/472255841/keren-ternyata-4-negara-ini-mempunya-bahasa-yang-mirip-dengan-bahasa-indonesia-sudah-tahu?page=all}}<br /> * [http://www.tufs.ac.jp/ts/personal/nomoto/ejaan.pdf Senarai komprehensif perbezaan ejaan Malaysia dan ejaan Indonesia], Hiroki Nomoto, Nahoko Yamashita, Ayano Osaka (orthographic differences between Standard Malay and Indonesian)<br /> * convection era [http://konveksibaju.id/]<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Comparison of Standard Malay and Indonesian}}<br /> [[Category:Malay language]]<br /> [[Category:Indonesian language]]<br /> [[Category:Language comparison]]<br /> [[Category:False friends]]<br /> [[Category:Indonesia–Malaysia relations]]</div> Xbypass https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Comparison_of_Indonesian_and_Standard_Malay&diff=1239057375 Comparison of Indonesian and Standard Malay 2024-08-07T03:49:17Z <p>Xbypass: /* Social and cultural differences */</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Linguistic comparison}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}<br /> {{Wiktionary|Appendix:Indonesian–Standard Malay relations}}<br /> <br /> [[Indonesian language|Indonesian]] and [[Malaysian Malay]] are two standardised varieties of the [[Malay language]], the former used officially in [[Indonesia]] (and in [[Timor Leste]] as a working language) and the latter in [[Brunei]], [[Malaysia]] and [[Singapore]]. Both varieties are generally [[mutual intelligibility|mutually intelligible]], yet there are noticeable differences in spelling, grammar, pronunciation and vocabulary, as well as the predominant source of loanwords.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OtWdhQ7vc6kC&amp;pg=PA71|title=The Austronesian Languages of Asia and Madagascar|last1=Adelaar|first1=K. Alexander|last2=Himmelmann|first2=Nikolaus|date=7 March 2013|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781136755095|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nEYsAwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA50|title=Indonesia-Malaysia Relations: Cultural Heritage, Politics and Labour Migration|last1=Clark|first1=Marshall|last2=Pietsch|first2=Juliet|date=26 March 2014|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781317808886|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZpnlOCB8htQC&amp;q=bahasa+melayu+indonesia+malaysia|title=Kesenjangan leksikal bahasa Melayu Malaysia dan bahasa Indonesia|last=Ahmad|first=Ibrahim|date=2011|publisher=Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka|isbn=9789834605209|language=ms}}&lt;/ref&gt; The differences can range from those mutually unintelligible with one another, to those having a closer familial resemblance. The regionalised and localised varieties of Malay can become a catalyst for intercultural conflict, especially in higher education.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |url=http://www.educ.utas.edu.au/users/tle/JOURNAL/issues/2007/22-1.pdf |title=The Reality of Bahasa Melayu and Bahasa Indonesia in Academia |author1=Hafriza Burhanudeen |author2=Nor Zakiah Abdul Hamid |author3=Norsimah Mat Awal |author4=Mohd Azlan Mis |publisher=Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia |journal=The International Journal of Language Society and Culture |access-date=9 July 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080726045845/http://www.educ.utas.edu.au/users/tle/JOURNAL/issues/2007/22-1.pdf |archive-date=26 July 2008 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4MBTBQAAQBAJ&amp;q=Malay+language+Indonesia|title=A Critical Survey of Studies on Malay and Bahasa Indonesia: Bibliographical|last=Teeuw|first=A.|date=17 April 2013|publisher=Springer Science &amp; Business Media|isbn=9789401187886|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ETXiBwAAQBAJ&amp;q=Indonesian+language+lingua+franca&amp;pg=PT154|title=Consequences of Contact: Language Ideologies and Sociocultural Transformations in Pacific Societies|last1=Makihara|first1=Miki|last2=Schieffelin|first2=Bambi B.|date=27 September 2007|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780190295936|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Perception==<br /> To non-native speakers the two varieties may seem identical, but to native speakers the differences are noticeable through both diction and accent. They affect the broadcasting industry with regard to foreign language subtitling, for example, in DVD movies and on cable TV. In order to reach a wider audience, both Indonesian and Malay subtitles are sometimes displayed in a movie, along with other language subtitles. Another example is Malaysian TV providing Malay subtitling on Indonesian [[sinetron]]s (TV dramas) aired in Malaysia&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://myindo.com/story/278.asp |title=The Wonderful World of Subtitling |author=Fairy Mahzan |publisher=MyIndo.com |access-date=9 July 2012 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130129104528/http://myindo.com/story/278.asp |archive-date=29 January 2013 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; and vice versa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://lifestyle.sindonews.com/read/1247171/158/hore-mnctv-tayangkan-film-terbaru-upin-ipin-1507640031|title=Hore, MNCTV Tayangkan Film Terbaru Upin Ipin|work=SINDOnews.com|access-date=14 February 2018|language=id-ID}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The Malay language in Indonesia and Malaysia also differs in recognition, where in Malaysia it enjoys status as the national language ([[Malaysian language]]),&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/malaysiainpictur0000dipi|url-access=registration|page=[https://archive.org/details/malaysiainpictur0000dipi/page/42 42]|title=Malaysia in Pictures|last=DiPiazza|first=Francesca|date=1 January 2006|publisher=Twenty-First Century Books|isbn=9780822526742|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; while in Indonesia it is considered a [[regional language]] in Malay-speaking areas such as the eastern coast of [[Sumatra]] and [[West Kalimantan]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gipLDwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA2|title=Bahasa Indonesia Kesehatan|last1=M.H.|first1=Wahyudi, S. Kep, Ns|last2=M.Pd|first2=Bivit Anggoro Prasetyo Nugroho, S. Pd|last3=M.Pd|first3=Dra Isnaeni Praptanti|publisher=Penerbit Andi|isbn=9789792963014|language=id}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zFKcQ8_dS00C&amp;q=Malay+regional+language+Sumatra+Kalimantan&amp;pg=PA1350|title=World and Its Peoples: Eastern and Southern Asia|date=2007|publisher=Marshall Cavendish|isbn=9780761476436|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The term &quot;Malay language&quot; (''Bahasa Melayu'') in Indonesia and Malaysia invites different perceptions from its respective people.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F3XvBbdWCKYC&amp;pg=PA335|title=Language and National Identity in Asia|last=Simpson|first=Andrew|date=30 August 2007|publisher=OUP Oxford|isbn=9780191533082|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; To Malaysians, the Malay language is generally understood as the [[national language]] of Malaysia, with Malaysian language (''Bahasa Malaysia)'' being a precise appellation for the Malay variety used in the country.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NCJiAgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA131|title=Language and Translation in Postcolonial Literatures: Multilingual Contexts, Translational Texts|last=Bertacco|first=Simona|date=17 December 2013|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781135136390|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Between 1986 and 2007, the term ''Bahasa Melayu'' was used instead of ''Bahasa Malaysia'', until the latter was reinstated, in order to instill a sense of belonging among Malaysians of all races, rather than just [[Malay people|Malays]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://blog.limkitsiang.com/2007/06/04/restoration-of-bahasa-malaysia-welcomed-but-why-the-sheepish-surreptitious-selective-announcement/ Bahasa Melayu becomes Bahasa Malaysia again], [[Lim Kit Siang]], 6 June 2007&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qGACL5YJRjEC&amp;pg=PA26|title=Language Conflict and National Development: Group Politics and National Language Policy in India|last=Dasgupta|first=Jyotirindra|date=1970|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=9780520015906|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Therefore, there was no clear distinction between the use of the term Malay (''Bahasa Melayu'') and the national language of Malaysia (''Bahasa Malaysia''). In Brunei, where Malay is also an official language, the language is known as ''Bahasa Melayu'' and in English as &quot;Malay&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;[http://bruneitimes.com.bn/art-culture/2010/08/04/perambahan-unique-feature-brunei-malay Perambahan: A unique feature of Brunei Malay] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706150357/http://bruneitimes.com.bn/art-culture/2010/08/04/perambahan-unique-feature-brunei-malay |date=6 July 2011 }}, ''[[Brunei Times]]'', 4 August 2010&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In Indonesia, however, there is a clear distinction between &quot;Malay language&quot; (''bahasa Melayu'') and &quot;Indonesian&quot; (''bahasa Indonesia''). Indonesian is the national language which serves as the [[Lingua franca|unifying language]] of Indonesia; despite being a standardized form of Malay, it is not referred to with the term &quot;Malay&quot; in common parlance.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KafIAwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA83|title=Language and Language-in-Education Planning in the Pacific Basin|last1=Kaplan|first1=R. B.|last2=Baldauf|first2=Richard B. Jr.|date=14 March 2013|publisher=Springer Science &amp; Business Media|isbn=9789401701457|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The term &quot;Malay&quot; is usually reserved for the forms of Malay indigenous to the Malay ethnic group (the national standardized language of Malaysia and the non-standard idioms of [[Malays (ethnic group)|Malay people]], including those used by [[Malay Indonesian]]s). Thus, &quot;Malay&quot; is considered a [[regional language]] (''bahasa daerah'') in Indonesia, enjoying the same status as [[Javanese language|Javanese]], [[Sundanese language|Sundanese]], [[Buginese language|Buginese]], [[Balinese language|Balinese]], [[Batak languages]] and others.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://labbineka.kemdikbud.go.id/bahasa/daftarbahasa|title=Daftar Bahasa-bahasa Daerah di Indonesia|website=labbineka.kemdikbud.go.id|access-date=24 October 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Moreover, to some Indonesians, the term &quot;Malay&quot; is more often associated with Malaysia and the Malaysian variety of Malay.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cA1PilUrW8gC&amp;pg=PA199|title=PELBBA 17: Pertemuan Linguistik Pusat Kajian Bahasa dan Budaya Atma Jaya Ketujuh Belas|date=2004|publisher=Yayasan Obor Indonesia|isbn=9789794615270|language=id}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In Malaysia, the terms &quot;Indonesian Malay&quot; and &quot;Malaysian Malay&quot; are sometimes used for Indonesian and Malay as spoken in Malaysia. In Indonesia, &quot;Indonesian Malay&quot; usually refers to the vernacular varieties of Malay spoken by the [[Malay Indonesian|Malay peoples of Indonesia]], that is, to Malay as a regional language in [[Sumatra]], though it is rarely used.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wiWguZzOToMC&amp;pg=PA25|title=Masyarakat Indonesia|last=Indonesia|first=Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan|year=1968|publisher=Yayasan Obor Indonesia|language=id}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Bahasa Malaysia'' and ''Bahasa Melayu'' are used interchangeably in reference to Malay in Malaysia.<br /> <br /> [[Malay language|Malay]] was designated as a national language by the Singaporean government after independence from Britain in the 1960s to avoid friction with Singapore's Malay-speaking neighbours of Malaysia and Indonesia.&lt;ref name=fromthirdworldtofirst&gt;{{cite book|title=From Third World to First|author=Lee Kuan Yew|year=2000|publisher=[[Marshall Cavendish]]|location=Singapore}}&lt;/ref&gt; It has a symbolic, rather than functional purpose.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CQgjrpgdU6gC&amp;pg=PA42|title=Language and society in Singapore|publisher=Singapore University Press|first1=Evangelos A.|last1=Afendras|first2=Eddie C.Y.|last2=Kuo|year=1980|isbn=978-9971-69-016-8|access-date=27 February 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&amp;pg=PA2018|title=Sociolinguistics: An international handbook of the science of language and society|publisher=Walter de Gruyter|location=Berlin|first1=Ulrich|last1=Ammon|first2=Norbert|last2=Dittmar|first3=Klaus J.|last3=Mattheier|volume=3|year=2006|isbn=978-3-11-018418-1|access-date=27 February 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; It is used in the national anthem &quot;[[Majulah Singapura]]&quot;,&lt;ref&gt;{{Singapore legislation|title=Singapore Arms and Flag and National Anthem Act|cap=296|ed=1985}}&lt;/ref&gt; in citations of [[Singaporean orders and decorations]] and in military commands.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.singstat.gov.sg/pubn/papers/people/c2000adr-literacy.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091113162718/http://www.singstat.gov.sg/pubn/papers/people/c2000adr-literacy.pdf|archive-date=13 November 2009|url-status=dead|title=Literacy and Language|publisher=Singapore Statistics|access-date=27 February 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Singaporean Malay is officially written in the Latin-based [[Rumi script]], though some Singaporean Malays also learn the Arabic-based [[Jawi alphabet|Jawi script]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=Cook|first1=Vivian|last2=Bassetti|first2=Benedetta|title=Second Language Writing Systems|date=2005|publisher=Multilingual Matters|isbn=978-1-85359-793-0|page=359|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yDLVaYJkyHUC}}&lt;/ref&gt; Jawi is considered an ethnic script for use on Singaporean identity cards.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.ica.gov.sg/page.aspx?pageid=140|title=Update Change of Name in IC|publisher=Immigration and Checkpoints Authority|access-date=29 January 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202101218/https://www.ica.gov.sg/page.aspx?pageid=140|archive-date=2 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Orthography==<br /> <br /> ==== Spelling ====<br /> Before the 20th century, Malay was written in a local modified form of the [[Arabic alphabet]] known as [[Jawi script|Jawi]]. During the 20th century, Malay written with [[Roman letters]], known as Rumi, almost completely replaced Jawi in everyday life. The romanisations originally used in [[British Malaya]] (now part of [[Malaysia]]) and the [[Dutch East Indies]] (now [[Indonesia]]) reflected their history as British and Dutch colonial possessions respectively. In British Malaya, the romanisation of Malay, devised by [[Richard James Wilkinson|Richard Wilkinson]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JHgsfADZF9IC&amp;pg=PA94 |title=Spelling and Society: The Culture and Politics of Orthography Around the World |first=Mark |last=Sebba |publisher= Cambridge University Press |year= 2007|isbn=9781139462020 }}&lt;/ref&gt; was influenced by English, whereas in the Dutch East Indies, the [[Van Ophuijsen Spelling System|system devised by C. A. Van Ophuijsen]] was influenced by [[Dutch language|Dutch]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A9UjLYD9jVEC&amp;pg=PA91 |title=The Indonesian Language: Its History and Role in Modern Society |first=James N. |last=Sneddon |publisher=UNSW Press |year=2003|isbn=9780868405988 }}&lt;/ref&gt; As a result, in Indonesia, the vowel {{IPAblink|u}} was formerly represented ''oe'', as in Dutch, although the official spelling of this sound was changed to ''u'' in 1947 when the [[Republican Spelling System]] was used.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PhliAgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA563|title=How Languages Work: An Introduction to Language and Linguistics|last=Genetti|first=Carol|date=23 January 2014|publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=9780521767446}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Similarly, until 1972, {{IPAblink|tʃ}} was represented in Malaysia as ''ch'', whereas in Indonesia, it continued to follow Dutch and used ''tj''. Hence the word for 'grandchild' used to be written as ''{{lang|zsm|chuchu}}'' in Malaysia and ''{{lang|id|tjoetjoe}}'' in Indonesia, until a unified spelling system was introduced in 1972 (known in Indonesia as ''{{lang|id|Ejaan Yang Disempurnakan}}'' or the 'Perfected Spelling') which removed most differences between the two varieties: Malay ''ch'' and Indonesian ''tj'' became ''c'': hence ''{{lang|zsm|cucu}}''.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jones loan words&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sXrxDQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PR11 |title=Loan-Words in Indonesian and Malay |last=Jones|first=Russell|year=2007 |publisher=Yayasan Pustaka Obor Indonesia|isbn=9786024331740}}&lt;/ref&gt; Indonesia abandoned the spelling ''dj'' {{IPAblink|dʒ}} to conform to the ''j'' already in use in Malaysia, while the old Indonesian ''j'' for the semivowel {{IPAblink|j}} was replaced with ''y'' as in Malaysia. Likewise, the [[Voiceless velar fricative|velar fricative]] {{IPAblink|x}} which occurs in many Arabic loanwords, which used to be written 'ch' in Indonesian, became ''kh'' in both languages.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jones loan words&quot; /&gt; However, ''oe'' was retained in some proper names, such as the name of the former vice-president, [[Boediono]] or former minister [[Mohammad Roem]]. The ''ch'' and ''dj'' letter combinations are still encountered in names such as ''Achmad'' and ''Djojo'' (pronounced as ''Akhmad'' and ''Joyo'' respectively), although the post-1972 spelling is now favoured.<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |+Indonesian-Malaysian Spelling Comparison<br /> !IPA<br /> !Malaysian<br /> Old Spelling<br /> !Indonesian <br /> Old Spelling<br /> !Indonesian-Malaysian<br /> Post-1972 Spelling<br /> |-<br /> |/ə/<br /> |ă, ĕ<br /> |ē<br /> |e<br /> |-<br /> |/e/<br /> |e<br /> |e<br /> |e<br /> |-<br /> |/ɛ/<br /> |<br /> |é<br /> |e<br /> |-<br /> |/tʃ/<br /> |ch<br /> |tj<br /> |c<br /> |-<br /> |/dˤ/<br /> |dh<br /> |<br /> |d<br /> |-<br /> |/dʒ/<br /> |j<br /> |dj<br /> |j<br /> |-<br /> |/x/<br /> |kh<br /> |ch<br /> |kh<br /> |-<br /> |/ɲ/<br /> |ny<br /> |nj<br /> |ny<br /> |-<br /> |/zˤ/<br /> |dz<br /> |<br /> |z<br /> |-<br /> |/ʃ/<br /> |sh<br /> |sj<br /> |sy<br /> |-<br /> |/θ/<br /> |th<br /> |<br /> |s<br /> |-<br /> |/u/<br /> |u<br /> |oe<br /> |u<br /> |-<br /> |/j/<br /> |y<br /> |j<br /> |y<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === Punctuation ===<br /> One notable difference in [[punctuation]] between the two languages is the use of different [[decimal mark]]s; Indonesian, influenced by Dutch, uses the [[decimal comma#Countries using Arabic numerals with decimal comma|decimal comma]],&lt;ref&gt;[http://nasional.kompas.com/read/2013/06/14/21044791/Istri.Djoko.Disebut.Beli.Rumah.Rp.7.1.Miliar Istri Djoko Disebut Beli Rumah Rp 7,1 Miliar], ''[[Kompas]]'', 14 June 2013&lt;/ref&gt; whereas Malay, influenced by English, uses the [[decimal comma#Countries using Arabic numerals with decimal point|decimal point]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.utusan.com.my/utusan/Ekonomi/20130606/ek_05/58-IBO-berpotensi-jana-RM1.9b 58 IBO berpotensi jana RM1.9b], ''[[Utusan Melayu]]'', 6 June 2013&lt;/ref&gt; A glossary of [[Information Technology]] terminology, available in English, Indonesian, and Malay, was published to facilitate the comparison and comprehension of language variations among individuals in Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, and Brunei who are seeking assistance and information online.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.amazon.in/Glossary-Computer-Terms-English-Indonesian-Malay-Gunarto-ebook/dp/B0BX633QV4/ref=monarch_sidesheet |title=Glossary of IT and Computer Terms: English-Indonesian-Malay |publisher=Kindle KDP Amazon Publishing, 2023, [[Hary Gunarto]]|access-date=October 7, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Pronunciation==<br /> <br /> Pronunciation also tends to be very different, with East Malaysia, Standard Singapore, and Indonesia pronouncing words in a form called ''Bahasa Baku'',&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MKdMDgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA6|title=A grammar of Papuan Malay|last=Kluge|first=Angela|date=8 July 2016|publisher=Language Science Press|isbn=9783944675862}}&lt;/ref&gt; where the words are pronounced as spelled.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Dw-YBwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA230|title=Pidgins, Creoles and Mixed Languages: An Introduction|last=Velupillai|first=Viveka|date=15 April 2015|publisher=John Benjamins Publishing Company|isbn=9789027268846}}&lt;/ref&gt; Moreover, enunciation tends to be clipped, staccato and faster than on the Malay Peninsula, which is spoken at a more languorous pace. Many vowels are pronounced (and were formerly spelt) differently in Peninsular Malaysia, Colloquial Singapore, and Riau Sumatra: ''{{lang|zsm|tujuh}}'' is pronounced (and was spelt) ''{{lang|zsm|tujoh}}'', ''{{lang|zsm|pilih}}'' as ''{{lang|zsm|pileh}}'', etc., and many final ''a'''s tend to be pronounced as [[schwa]]s; {{IPA|[e]}} and {{IPA|[o]}} are also allophones of {{IPA|/i/}} and {{IPA|/u/}} in closed final syllables in peninsular Malaysian, Colloquial Singaporean and Riau Sumatran varieties of Malay; These pronunciation rules is known as [[Johor]]-[[Riau]] pronunciation.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uyY6HJYcEKYC&amp;pg=PA209|title=Status Change of Languages|last1=Ammon|first1=Ulrich|last2=Hellinger|first2=Marlis|date=1992|publisher=Walter de Gruyter|isbn=9783110126686}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gPekCgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT82|title=Early History of Penang (Penerbit USM)|last=Salleh|editor-first=Muhammad |editor-last=Haji|date=27 August 2015|publisher=Penerbit USM|isbn=9789838616577}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; <br /> |+Comparison of several standard pronunciations of Malay&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last=Abu Bakar |first=Mukhlis |date=2019-12-18 |title=Sebutan Johor-Riau dan Sebutan Baku dalam Konteks Identiti Masyarakat Melayu Singapura |url=http://publisher.unimas.my/ojs/index.php/ILS/article/view/1521 |journal=Issues in Language Studies |volume=8 |issue=2 |doi=10.33736/ils.1521.2019 |s2cid=213343934 |issn=2180-2726|doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> !<br /> ! style=text-align:center | Example<br /> ! style=text-align:center | ''Johor-Riau'' (''Piawai'')<br /> Pronunciation<br /> ! style=text-align:center | Northern Peninsular<br /> Pronunciation<br /> ! style=text-align:center| ''Baku'' &amp; Indonesian<br /> Pronunciation<br /> |-<br /> |⟨a⟩ in final open syllable <br /> |style=text-align:center | ⟨keret'''a'''⟩<br /> |style=text-align:center | /ə/<br /> |style=text-align:center | /a/<br /> |style=text-align:center | /a/<br /> |-<br /> |⟨i⟩ in final closed syllable with final ⟨n⟩ and ⟨ng⟩ <br /> |style=text-align:center | ⟨kamb'''i'''ng⟩<br /> |style=text-align:center | /e/<br /> |style=text-align:center | /i/<br /> |style=text-align:center | /i/<br /> |-<br /> |⟨i⟩ in final closed syllable with other final consonants <br /> |style=text-align:center | ⟨it'''i'''k⟩<br /> |style=text-align:center | /e/<br /> |style=text-align:center | /e/<br /> |style=text-align:center | /i/<br /> |-<br /> |⟨u⟩ in final closed syllable with final ⟨n⟩ and ⟨ng⟩ <br /> |style=text-align:center | ⟨tah'''u'''n⟩<br /> |style=text-align:center | /o/<br /> |style=text-align:center | /u/<br /> |style=text-align:center | /u/<br /> |-<br /> |⟨u⟩ in final closed syllable with other final consonants <br /> |style=text-align:center | ⟨lump'''u'''r⟩<br /> |style=text-align:center | /o/<br /> |style=text-align:center | /o/<br /> |style=text-align:center | /u/<br /> |-<br /> |final ⟨r⟩<br /> |style=text-align:center | ⟨lumpu'''r'''⟩<br /> |style=text-align:center | silent<br /> |style=text-align:center | /r/<br /> |style=text-align:center | /r/<br /> |}<br /> <br /> The names for Latin letters are also of different origins, Indonesian names are from Dutch, while Malaysian Malay names are from English (see [[Malay alphabet|Malay-Indonesian alphabet]]).<br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> ! width=&quot;30%&quot; | Word<br /> ! width=&quot;35%&quot; | (Malaysian) Malay<br /> ! width=&quot;35%&quot; | Indonesian <br /> |-<br /> | ABC || {{IPA-ms|/e/./bi/./si/|}} || {{IPA-id|/a/./be/./t͡ʃe/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[Automated teller machine|ATM]] || {{IPA-ms|/e/./ti/./em/|}} || {{IPA-id|/a/./te/./em/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[A minor]] || {{IPA-ms|/e/ maj.nə|}} || {{IPA-id|/a/ mi.nor|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[Bunga Citra Lestari|BCL]] || {{IPA-ms|/bi/./si/./el/|}} || {{IPA-id|/be/./t͡ʃe/./el/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[BMW]] || {{IPA-ms|/bi/./em/./dabəlˈju/|}} || {{IPA-id|/be/./em/./we/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[COD (disambiguation)|COD]] || {{IPA-ms|/si/./o/./di/|}} || {{IPA-id|/t͡ʃe/./o/./de/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[DNA]] || {{IPA-ms|/di/./en/./e/|}} || {{IPA-id|/de/./en/./a/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[E minor]] || {{IPA-ms|/i/ maj.nə|}} || {{IPA-id|/e/ mi.nor|}}<br /> |-<br /> | generasi || {{IPA-ms|d͡ʒə.nə.ra.si|}} || {{IPA-id|ɡe.nə.ra.si|}}<br /> |-<br /> | ghaib (ms), gaib (id) || {{IPA-ms|ɣɑ.ib|}} || {{IPA-id|ga.ib|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[High-definition television|HD]] || {{IPA-ms|/het͡ʃ/./di/|}} || {{IPA-id|/ha/./de/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[HDMI]] || {{IPA-ms|/het͡ʃ/./di/./em/./aj/|}} || {{IPA-id|/ha/./de/./em/./i/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[HIV]] || {{IPA-ms|/het͡ʃ/./aj/./vi/|}} || {{IPA-id|/ha/./i/./fe/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[HRD (disambiguation)|HRD]] || {{IPA-ms|/het͡ʃ/./a:/./di/|}} || {{IPA-id|/ha/./er/./de/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | idea (ms), ide (id) || {{IPA-ms|aj.di.jə|}} || {{IPA-id|i.de|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[IMF]] || {{IPA-ms|/aj/./em/./ef/|}} || {{IPA-id|/i/./em/./ef/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | Ireland (ms), Irlandia (id) || {{IPA-ms|ˈaɪə.lənd|}} || {{IPA-id|ir.lan.di.ja|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[Bandung Institute of Technology|ITB]]<br /> | {{IPA-ms|/aj/./ti/./bi/|}} || {{IPA-id|/i/./te/./be/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[Kereta Cepat Indonesia China|KCIC]]<br /> | {{IPA-ms|/ke/./si/./aj/./si/|}} || {{IPA-id|/ka/./t͡ʃe/./i/./t͡ʃe/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[KLIA]] || {{IPA-ms|/ke/./el/./aj/./e/|}} || {{IPA-id|/ka/./el/./i/./a/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | koir (ms), kor (id) || {{IPA-ms|kwa.jər|}} || {{IPA-id|kor|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[LGBT]] || {{IPA-ms|/el/./d͡ʒi/./bi/./ti/|}} || {{IPA-id|/el/./ge/./be/./te/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[Malaysia]] || {{IPA-ms|mə.le.sjə|}} || {{IPA-id|ma.laj.siʲa|}} <br /> |-<br /> | November || {{IPA-ms|no.vɛm.bər|}} || {{IPA-id|no.fɛm.bər|}}<br /> |-<br /> | protein || {{IPA-ms|pro.tin|}} || {{IPA-id|pro.te.in|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[Radio Televisyen Malaysia|RTM]] || {{IPA-ms|/a:/./ti/./em/|}} || {{IPA-id|/er/./te/./em/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[RCTI]] || {{IPA-ms|/a:/./si/./ti/./aj/|}} || {{IPA-id|/er/./t͡ʃe/./te/./i/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[SCTV (TV network)]] || {{IPA-ms|/es/./si/./ti/./vi/|}} || {{IPA-id|/es/./t͡ʃe/./te/./fe/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission|SPRM]] || {{IPA-ms|/es/./pi/./a:/./em/|}} || {{IPA-id|/es/./pe/./er/./em/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | spesies || {{IPA-ms|spe.sis|}} || {{IPA-id|spe.si.jɛs|}}<br /> |-<br /> | teknologi || {{IPA-ms|tɛk.no.lo.d͡ʒi|}} || {{IPA-id|tɛk.no.lo.ɡi|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[TVRI]] || {{IPA-ms|/ti/./vi/./a:/./aj/|}} || {{IPA-id|/te/./fe/./er/./i/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | Ukraine (ms), Ukraina (id) || {{IPA-ms|ju.kren|}} || {{IPA-id|u.kraj.na|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[UNHCR]] || {{IPA-ms|/ju/./en/./het͡ʃ/./si/./a:/|}} || {{IPA-id|/u/./en/./ha/./t͡ʃe/./er/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[University of Technology Malaysia|UTM]]<br /> | {{IPA-ms|/ju/./ti/./em/|}} || {{IPA-id|/u/./te/./em/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[WFH]] || {{IPA-ms|/dabəlˈju/./ef/./het͡ʃ/|}} || {{IPA-id|/we/./ef/./ha/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[WHO]] || {{IPA-ms|/dabəlˈju/./het͡ʃ/./o/|}} || {{IPA-id|/we/./ha/./o/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[WWW]] || {{IPA-ms|/dabəlˈju/./dabəlˈju/./dabəlˈju/|}} || {{IPA-id|/we/./we/./we/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | xilem || {{IPA-ms|zi.ləm|}} || {{IPA-id|si.ləm|}}<br /> |-<br /> | xilofon || {{IPA-ms|zi.lo.fon|}} || {{IPA-id|si.lo.fon|}}<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Syllabification==<br /> <br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> ! width=&quot;30%&quot; | Word<br /> ! width=&quot;35%&quot; | (Malaysian) Malay syllabification<br /> ! width=&quot;35%&quot; | Indonesian syllabification<br /> |-<br /> | problem || {{lang|zsm|mas.a.lah}} || {{lang|id|ma.sa.lah}}<br /> |-<br /> | start || {{lang|zsm|mu.la.i}} || {{lang|id|mu.lai}}<br /> |-<br /> | weather || {{lang|zsm|cua.ca}} || {{lang|id|cu.a.ca}}<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Vocabulary ==<br /> {{Wiktionary|Appendix:Indonesian–Standard Malay relations}}<br /> <br /> === Word derivation and compounds ===<br /> Indonesian and (Standard Malaysian) Malay have similar derivation and compounds rule. However, there is difference on quasi-past participle or participle-like adjective when attached to a noun or verb. (Standard Malaysian) Malay uses prefix ''ber-'' to denote such, while Indonesian uses prefix ''ter-'' to do so. It is important to note that prefix ber- can denote several other meanings.<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |+<br /> ! width=&quot;20%&quot;|English<br /> ! width=&quot;40%&quot;|(Malaysian) Malay<br /> ! width=&quot;40%&quot;|Indonesian<br /> |-<br /> |'''registered''' &lt;small&gt;(having had one's name added to an official list or entered into a register)&lt;/small&gt;<br /> |'''''&lt;u&gt;ber&lt;/u&gt;'''daftar''<br /> |'''''&lt;u&gt;ter&lt;/u&gt;'''daftar''<br /> |-<br /> |'''local'''<br /> |''tempat'''&lt;u&gt;an&lt;/u&gt;'''''<br /> |'''''&lt;u&gt;se&lt;/u&gt;'''tempat''<br /> |-<br /> |'''honorable'''<br /> |'''''&lt;u&gt;ber&lt;/u&gt;'''hormat''<br /> |'''''&lt;u&gt;ter&lt;/u&gt;'''hormat''<br /> |-<br /> |'''written''' &lt;small&gt;(having been written)&lt;/small&gt;<br /> |'''''&lt;u&gt;ber&lt;/u&gt;'''tulis''<br /> |'''''&lt;u&gt;ter&lt;/u&gt;'''tulis''<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === Loanword source differences ===<br /> {{More citations needed section|date=February 2024}}<br /> Indonesian and Malaysian Malay both differ in the forms of loanwords used due to division of the Malay Archipelago by the Dutch and the British and their long-lasting colonial influences, as a consequence of the [[Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824]]: Indonesian absorbed primarily Dutch loanwords whereas Malaysian Malay absorbed primarily English words. Pronunciation of certain loanwords in Malaysian Malay follows English, while in Indonesian it follows Dutch, for example Malay &quot;{{lang|zsm|televisyen}}&quot; (from English: television) and Indonesian &quot;{{lang|id|televisi}}&quot; (from Dutch: ''{{lang|nl|televisie}}''); the &quot;-syen&quot; and &quot;-si&quot; also prevail in some other words, though &quot;-si&quot; has become more preferred in Malay of late.{{cn|date=February 2024}}<br /> <br /> Malaysian Malay has also experienced significant conservative pushback as precedent entities that existed within the British sphere made efforts to create words that would fit naturally foreign ideas of governance and thought through a Malay-oriented context. The Pakatan Belajar Mengajar Pengetahuan Bahasa in [[Johore]] headed by [[Abdul Rahman Andak]] during the 19th century was especially important in introducing [[neologism]]s like ''pejabat'' (&quot;office&quot;, cf. Indonesian ''kantor'' from {{lang|nl|kantoor}}) and ''setiausaha'' (&quot;secretary&quot;, cf. Indo ''sekretaris'' from {{lang-nl|secretaris}}) into the Malay lexicon.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Sejarah Perancangan Bahasa Melayu di Negeri Johor|last=Amat Juhari Moain|publisher=[[Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka]]|year=2009|isbn=9789836297914|location=[[Kuala Lumpur]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; For example, the word for 'post office' in Malaysia is &quot;{{lang|zsm|pejabat pos}}&quot; (in Indonesia this means 'post officer'), whereas in Indonesia it is &quot;{{lang|id|kantor pos}}&quot;.<br /> <br /> There are also some [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] influences: in Indonesia, Christmas is known as &quot;{{lang|id|Natal}}&quot;, whereas Malaysia uses both &quot;Natal&quot; and &quot;{{lang|zsm|Krismas}}&quot;, the latter derived from English. There are also instances where the Malaysian Malay version derives from English pronunciation while the Indonesian version takes its cue from [[Latin]]. The Latin preference of the (older) Indonesian intellectuals in these instances may be ascribed to the influence of their classical-oriented education when [[Gymnasium (school)|''Gymnasium'']] schools were established during the Dutch colonial period: compare Malaysian Malay ''{{lang|zsm|kualiti}}'', ''{{lang|zsm|kuantiti}}'', ''{{lang|zsm|majoriti}}'', ''{{lang|zsm|minoriti}}'' and ''{{lang|zsm|universiti}}'' with Indonesian ''{{lang|id|kualitas}}'', ''{{lang|id|kuantitas}}'', ''{{lang|id|mayoritas}}'', ''{{lang|id|minoritas}}'' and ''{{lang|id|universitas}}''.{{cn|date=February 2024}}<br /> <br /> Some words which are spelt the same in both languages may even carry entirely different meanings in the other language, potentially leading to humorous or embarrassing situations: while ''{{lang|id|baja}}'' means &quot;steel&quot; in Indonesian,&lt;ref&gt;[https://kbbi.web.id/baja Arti kata baja]. [[Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia]]. Retrieved 23 April 2024&lt;/ref&gt; in Malaysian Malay it means &quot;fertiliser&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;[https://prpm.dbp.gov.my/cari1?keyword=baja Definisi baja]. [[Kamus Dewan]]. Retrieved 23 April 2024&lt;/ref&gt; Also, whereas the Indonesian word ''{{lang|id|butuh}}'' (from [[Sundanese language|Sundanese]] ᮘᮥᮒᮥᮂ butuh) means &quot;require&quot; or &quot;need&quot;,&lt;ref&gt;[https://kbbi.web.id/butuh Arti kata butuh]. Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia. Retrieved 23 April 2024&lt;/ref&gt; in Malay, it is a vulgar slang term referring to male genitalia.&lt;ref&gt;[https://prpm.dbp.gov.my/cari1?keyword=butuh Definisi butuh]. Kamus Dewan. Retrieved 23 April 2024&lt;/ref&gt; Conversely, where the word &quot;{{lang|zsm|banci}}&quot; seems innocuous enough in Malaysia (&quot;census&quot;),&lt;ref&gt;[https://prpm.dbp.gov.my/cari1?keyword=banci Definisi banci]. Kamus Dewan. Retrieved 23 April 2024&lt;/ref&gt; in Indonesia it is a derogatory term for &quot;transvestite&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;[https://kbbi.web.id/banci Arti kata banci]. Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia. Retrieved 23 April 2024&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The relatively large share of Islamic (Arabic or Persian) loan words shared by Malaysian Malay and Indonesian often poses no difficulty in comprehension and usage, although some forms may have developed a (slightly) different meaning or have become obsolete either in Malaysian Malay or in Indonesian, e.g. ''{{lang|zsm|khidmat}}'', ''{{lang|zsm|wakil}}''.{{cn|date=February 2024}}<br /> <br /> === English loanwords ===<br /> One of the most important aspect in differences between Malay (Malaysian and Brunei) and Indonesian is the degree of influence from English. Apart from being heavily influenced by the Dutch language, the Indonesian language also adopted a significant number of English loanwords in its vocabulary, although English did not play significant role on the Indonesian language and in fact most of these vocabulary are of Dutch origin – Dutch and English share a similar [[Germanic languages|Germanic origin]], and Dutch has also borrowed from [[Latin]], although to a lesser extent than English. There have been many changes in Indonesian as a result of its historical development. Words have been freely borrowed from English and only partly assimilated, in many cases, to the Indonesian patterns of structure.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Indonesian reference grammar|page=2|author=Roderick Ross Macdonald |isbn=9780878401635 |year= 1976 |publisher=Georgetown University Press|location=Georgetown, USA}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> By the late 1970s, English words began pouring into the language, leading one commentator, writing in 1977, to refer to the &quot;trend towards Indo-Saxonization&quot;,&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=sYUbAAAAIAAJ&amp;q=%22Indo-Saxonization%22 ''The Indonesian Quarterly''], Yayasan Proklamasi, [[Centre for Strategic and International Studies]], 1977 Volume 5, Issues 1–3, page 76&lt;/ref&gt; known in Indonesian as ''{{lang|id|pengindosaksonan}}''. Many loanwords from English sometimes fulfill no communicative need, expressing concepts adequately covered by existing words. Among the examples are: ''{{lang|id|akurat}}'' instead of ''{{lang|id|tepat}}'' (accurate, Dutch {{lang|nl|accuraat}}), ''{{lang|id|aliansi}}'' in the place of ''{{lang|id|sekutu}}'' (alliance, Dutch {{lang|nl|alliantie}}), ''{{lang|id|eksis}}'' rather than ''{{lang|id|ada}}'' (exist), ''{{lang|id|kandidat}}'' as well as ''{{lang|id|calon}}'' (candidate, Dutch {{lang|nl|kandidaat}}), ''{{lang|id|konklusi}}'' instead of ''{{lang|id|kesimpulan}}'' (conclusion, Dutch {{lang|nl|conclusie}}), ''{{lang|id|kontaminasi}}'' in the place of ''{{lang|id|pencemaran}}'' (contamination, Dutch {{lang|nl|contaminatie}}), ''{{lang|id|opini}}'' rather than ''{{lang|id|pendapat}}'' (opinion, Dutch {{lang|nl|opinie}}) and ''{{lang|id|opsi}}'' in the place of ''{{lang|id|pilihan}}'' (option, Dutch {{lang|nl|optie}}).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=A Study of the Evolution of the Malay Language: Social Change and Cognitive Development|page=14 |author=Seong Chee Tham|isbn= 978-9971691363|year=1991|publisher=Singapore University Press|location=Singapore}}&lt;/ref&gt; However, these ''{{lang|id|pengindosaksonan}}'' is not directly borrowed from English, but through their cognates in Dutch pronunciations as ''{{lang|id|<br /> Pedoman Umum Pembentukan Istilah}}'' is heavily influenced by Dutch cognates.<br /> <br /> === Social and cultural differences ===<br /> Lexical items that reflect separate social and cultural development.<br /> <br /> ==== Education ====<br /> Indonesia has a more uniform nationwide system of terms than does Malaysia. ''Public school'' (a publicly funded and administered school) is known as ''sekolah negeri'' in Indonesian and ''sekolah kebangsaan'' in Malaysia. Meanwhile, ''sekolah tinggi'' is translation of [[high school]] in Malaysia (similar to English usage), while it refers to [[university college]] in Indonesia (similar to Flanders Dutch ''hogeschool''). <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |+School Years for Academic/General School System in Standard Malay and Indonesian<br /> !Age Range<br /> !Malaysian Malay<br /> !Singaporean Malay<br /> !Brunei Malay<br /> !Indonesian<br /> |-<br /> |1-4<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |3-5<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |'''Sekolah Rendah'''<br /> |'''Sekolah Rendah'''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |5-6<br /> |Darjah 1 (Satu)<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |6-7<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Darjah 2 (Dua)<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |<br /> |'''Sekolah Rendah'''<br /> |'''Sekolah Dasar (SD)'''<br /> |-<br /> |Tahun 1 (Satu)<br /> |Kelas 1 (Satu)<br /> |-<br /> |7-8<br /> |Darjah 3 (Tiga)<br /> |<br /> |Tahun 2 (Dua)<br /> |Kelas 2 (Dua)<br /> |-<br /> |8-9<br /> |Darjah 4 (Empat)<br /> |<br /> |Tahun 3 (Tiga)<br /> |Kelas 3 (Tiga)<br /> |-<br /> |9-10<br /> |Darjah 5 (Lima)<br /> |<br /> |Tahun 4 (Empat)<br /> |Kelas 4 (Empat)<br /> |-<br /> |10-11<br /> |Darjah 6 (Enam)<br /> |<br /> |Tahun 5 (Lima)<br /> |Kelas 5 (Lima)<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |11-12<br /> |'''Sekolah Menengah'''<br /> |'''Sekolah Menengah'''<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Tahun 6 (Enam)<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Kelas 6 (Enam)<br /> |-<br /> |Tingkatan 1 (Satu)<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |12-13<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Tingkatan 2 (Dua)<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |<br /> |'''Sekolah Menengah'''<br /> |'''Sekolah Menengah Pertama (SMP)'''<br /> |-<br /> |Tahun 7 (Tujuh)<br /> |Kelas 7 (Tujuh)<br /> |-<br /> |13-14<br /> |Tingkatan 3 (Tiga)<br /> |<br /> |Tahun 8 (Lapan)<br /> |Kelas 8 (Delapan)<br /> |-<br /> |14-15<br /> |Tingkatan 4 (Empat)<br /> |<br /> |Tahun 9 (Sembilan)<br /> |Kelas 9 (Sembilan)<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |15-16<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Tingkatan 5 (Lima)<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Tahun 10 (Sepuluh)<br /> |'''Sekolah Menengah Atas (SMA)'''<br /> |-<br /> |Kelas 10 (Sepuluh)<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |16-17<br /> |'''Kolej Tingkatan Enam''' <br /> '''Kolej Matrikulasi'''<br /> |'''Maktab Rendah'''<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Tahun 11 (Sebelas)<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Kelas 11 (Sebelas)<br /> |-<br /> |Tingkatan 6 (Enam) Bawah<br /> Matrikulasi<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |17-18<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Tingkatan 6 (Enam) Atas<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |<br /> |'''Prauniversiti'''<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Kelas 12 (Duabelas)<br /> |-<br /> |Tahun 12 (Duabelas)<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> | colspan=&quot;4&quot; |'''Tertiary Education'''<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==== '''Time''' ====<br /> In Indonesian, &quot;''pukul'' ''setengah tujuh''&quot; refers to half to seven. However, in (Malaysian) Malay, &quot;''pukul tujuh setengah''&quot; means half past seven.<br /> <br /> == Convergence and divergence ==<br /> The rift of evolution between the two languages is based more on political nuance and the history of their formation than on cultural reasons. As a result, views regarding each other's languages differ amongst Malaysians and Indonesians. In Malaysia, the national language is Malay; in Indonesia, it is Indonesian. Malaysians tend to assert that Malay and Indonesian are merely different varieties of the same language, while Indonesians tend to treat them as separate – albeit closely related – languages. The result of this attitude is that the Indonesians feel little need to synchronize their language with Malaysia, Singapore and Brunei, whereas the Malaysians are keener to coordinate the evolution of the language with the Indonesians.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.yawningbread.org/arch_2005/yax-455.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304060400/http://www.yawningbread.org/arch_2005/yax-455.htm|archive-date=4 March 2016|title=Who is Malay?|date=July 2005}}&lt;/ref&gt; However, both parties have realized that communication benefits from mutually comprehensible and intelligible languages, which motivated efforts to synchronize the languages' development. The effort to synchronize both languages' evolution to increase their mutual intelligibility has been embarked by imposing standard [[rules of language]]. This process is headed by [[Language Development and Fostering Agency|Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa]] on the Indonesian side and [[Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka]] as its Malaysian counterpart through [[Majlis Bahasa Brunei-Indonesia-Malaysia]] (MABBIM). Authorities in both Brunei and Singapore generally abide by the Malaysian standard in disputes.{{cn|date=February 2024}} Although, MABBIM is not working properly which reflects Indonesian attitude of little need to synchronize their language.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Amin |first=Manzaidi Mohd |date=2022-04-21 |title=Terima hakikat negara jiran tolak penggunaan bahasa Melayu bahasa pengantar - MPN |trans-title=Accept the fact that neighboring countries reject the use of Malay as the medium of instruction - MPN |url=https://malaysiagazette.com/2022/04/21/terima-hakikat-negara-jiran-tolak-penggunaan-bahasa-melayu-bahasa-pengantar-mpn/ |url-status=live |access-date=2024-06-07 |work=Malaysia Gazette}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Indonesia akan tolak selagi Malaysia guna istilah 'Bahasa Melayu' |trans-title=Indonesia will reject as long as Malaysia uses the term 'Malay' |url=https://www.astroawani.com/berita-malaysia/indonesia-akan-tolak-selagi-malaysia-guna-istilah-bahasa-melayu-357992 |url-status=live |work=Astro Awani}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Example ==<br /> '''Original text in Indonesian''':&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.antaranews.com/berita/261056/draghi-krisis-zona-euro-berisiko-sistemik Antara News – Draghi: Krisis Zona Euro Berisiko &quot;Sistemik&quot;]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> :{{lang|id|Apabila peraturan}} '''''{{lang|id|pakta stabilitas Eropa}}''''' {{lang|id|dihormati sampai ke}} '''''{{lang|id|detail}}'''''{{lang|id|nya}}, '''''{{lang|id|rasio utang publik}}''''' ''{{lang|id|dibanding}}'' '''''{{lang|id|produk domestik bruto}}''''' {{lang|id|pada}} {{lang|id|hari}} {{lang|id|krisis akan berada di}} '''''{{lang|id|posisi}}''''' {{lang|id|10}} '''''{{lang|id|persentase poin}}''''' {{lang|id|kurang dalam}} '''''{{lang|id|zona}}''''' {{lang|id|euro, katanya}}.<br /> <br /> '''In Malay (Malaysian and Brunei)''':<br /> :{{lang|zsm|Jika peraturan}} '''''{{lang|zsm|pakatan kestabilan Eropah}}''''' {{lang|zsm|dihormati secara ter}}'''{{lang|zsm|perinci}}''', '''''{{lang|zsm|nisbah hutang awam}}''''' ''{{lang|zsm|berbanding}}'' '''''{{lang|zsm|keluaran dalam negara kasar}}''''' {{lang|zsm|pada}} {{lang|zsm|zaman}} {{lang|zsm|krisis akan berada di}} '''''{{lang|zsm|kedudukan}}''''' 10 '''''{{lang|zsm|mata peratusan}}''''' {{lang|zsm|kurang dalam}} '''''{{lang|zsm|zon}}''''' {{lang|zsm|euro, kata beliau}}.<br /> <br /> '''In English''':<br /> :If the '''''European stability pact''''' rules had been respected in '''''detail''''', the '''''ratio of public debt''''' ''to'' '''''gross domestic product''''' on the '''days''' of crisis would have been at the '''''position''''' 10 '''''percentage points''''' less in the euro'''''zone''''', he said.<br /> The following texts are excerpts from the official translations of the [[Universal Declaration of Human Rights]] in Indonesian and Malay (Malaysian and Brunei), along with the original declaration in English.<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |+<br /> ![[Indonesian language|Indonesian]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Pernyataan Umum tentang Hak-Hak Asasi Manusia |trans-title=Universal Declaration of Human Rights |url=https://www.ohchr.org/en/human-rights/universal-declaration/translations/indonesian |access-date=2024-06-07 |website=OHCHR}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> !Malay (Malaysia and Brunei)&lt;ref name=&quot;:21&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Perisytiharan Hak Asasi Manusia Sejagat |trans-title=Universal Declaration of Human Rights |url=http://www.ohchr.org/EN/UDHR/Pages/Language.aspx?LangID=mli |website=OHCHR |language=ms}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> !English&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Universal Declaration of Human Rights: English |url=http://www.ohchr.org/EN/UDHR/Pages/Language.aspx?LangID=eng |website=OHCHR}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |- style=&quot;vertical-align: top;&quot;<br /> | lang=&quot;id&quot; |Maka,<br /> Majelis Umum memproklamasikan<br /> <br /> '''PERNYATAAN UMUM TENTANG HAK ASASI MANUSIA''' sebagai satu standar umum keberhasilan untuk semua bangsa dan negara, dengan tujuan agar setiap orang dan setiap badan dalam masyarakat dengan senantiasa mengingat Pernyataan ini, akan berusaha dengan jalan mengajar dan mendidik untuk menggalakkan penghargaan terhadap hak-hak dan kebebasan-kebebasan tersebut, dan dengan jalan tindakan-tindakan progresif yang bersifat nasional maupun internasional, menjamin pengakuan dan penghormatannya secara universal dan efektif, baik oleh bangsa-bangsa dari negara anggota sendiri maupun oleh bangsa-bangsa dari daerah-daerah yang berada di bawah kekuasaan hukum mereka.<br /> <br /> '''Pasal 1''' Semua orang dilahirkan merdeka dan mempunyai martabat dan hak-hak yang sama. Mereka dikaruniai akal dan hati nurani dan hendaknya bergaul satu sama lain dalam semangat persaudaraan.<br /> | lang=&quot;zsm&quot; |Maka dengan ini,<br /> Perhimpunan Agung mengisytiharkan<br /> <br /> '''PERISYTIHARAN SEJAGAT HAK ASASI MANUSIA''' ini sebagai suatu ukuran bersama terhadap pencapaian oleh seluruh umat manusia dan kesemua negara dengan tujuan supaya setiap individu dan setiap badan masyarakat, dengan sentiasa mengingati Perisytiharan ini, hendaklah berazam melalui pengajaran dan pendidikan bagi memajukan sanjungan terhadap seluruh hak-hak dan kebebasan ini dan secara langkah-langkah berperingkat-peringkat, di bidang negara dan antarabangsa, bagi menjaminkan pengkitirafan dan pematuhan sejagatnya yang berkesan, kedua-duanya di antara negara-negara anggota masing-masing dan rakyat wilayah-wilayah di bawah bidang kuasa mereka.<br /> <br /> '''Perkara 1''' Semua manusia dilahirkan bebas dan samarata dari segi kemuliaan dan hak-hak. Mereka mempunyai pemikiran dan perasaan hati dan hendaklah bertindak di antara satu sama lain dengan semangat persaudaraan<br /> | lang=&quot;en&quot; |Now, therefore,<br /> The General Assembly proclaims<br /> <br /> This '''UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS''' as a common standard of achievement for all peoples and all nations, to the end that every individual and every organ of society, keeping this Declaration constantly in mind, shall strive by teaching and education to promote respect for these rights and freedoms and by progressive measures, national and international, to secure their universal and effective recognition and observance, both among the peoples of Member States themselves and among the peoples of territories under their jurisdiction.<br /> <br /> '''Article 1''' All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[Majlis Bahasa Brunei-Indonesia-Malaysia]]<br /> * [[Malay orthography|Malay-Indonesian orthography]]<br /> * [[Malay grammar|Malay-Indonesian grammar]]<br /> * [[Indonesian orthography]]<br /> * [[Indonesian slang]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * {{cite journal |first=Asmah |last=Haji Omar |title=The Malay Spelling Reform |journal=Journal of the Simplified Spelling Society |year=1989 |pages=9–13 |url=http://www.spellingsociety.org/journals/j11/malay.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060927160151/http://www.spellingsociety.org/journals/j11/malay.php |archive-date=27 September 2006 |url-status=dead |access-date=2 November 2006 }}<br /> * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120530225650/http://badanbahasa.kemdiknas.go.id/kbbi/ Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia]. 2008. Pusat Bahasa, Departemen Pendidikan Nasional<br /> * {{cite web | author=Regina Pasys | title=Ternyata 4 Negara Ini Mempunya Bahasa yang Mirip dengan Bahasa Indonesia, Sudah Tahu?| publisher=Grid Kids| url=https://kids.grid.id/read/472255841/keren-ternyata-4-negara-ini-mempunya-bahasa-yang-mirip-dengan-bahasa-indonesia-sudah-tahu?page=all}}<br /> * [http://www.tufs.ac.jp/ts/personal/nomoto/ejaan.pdf Senarai komprehensif perbezaan ejaan Malaysia dan ejaan Indonesia], Hiroki Nomoto, Nahoko Yamashita, Ayano Osaka (orthographic differences between Standard Malay and Indonesian)<br /> * convection era [http://konveksibaju.id/]<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Comparison of Standard Malay and Indonesian}}<br /> [[Category:Malay language]]<br /> [[Category:Indonesian language]]<br /> [[Category:Language comparison]]<br /> [[Category:False friends]]<br /> [[Category:Indonesia–Malaysia relations]]</div> Xbypass https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Comparison_of_Indonesian_and_Standard_Malay&diff=1239056128 Comparison of Indonesian and Standard Malay 2024-08-07T03:37:02Z <p>Xbypass: /* Spelling */</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Linguistic comparison}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}<br /> {{Wiktionary|Appendix:Indonesian–Standard Malay relations}}<br /> <br /> [[Indonesian language|Indonesian]] and [[Malaysian Malay]] are two standardised varieties of the [[Malay language]], the former used officially in [[Indonesia]] (and in [[Timor Leste]] as a working language) and the latter in [[Brunei]], [[Malaysia]] and [[Singapore]]. Both varieties are generally [[mutual intelligibility|mutually intelligible]], yet there are noticeable differences in spelling, grammar, pronunciation and vocabulary, as well as the predominant source of loanwords.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OtWdhQ7vc6kC&amp;pg=PA71|title=The Austronesian Languages of Asia and Madagascar|last1=Adelaar|first1=K. Alexander|last2=Himmelmann|first2=Nikolaus|date=7 March 2013|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781136755095|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nEYsAwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA50|title=Indonesia-Malaysia Relations: Cultural Heritage, Politics and Labour Migration|last1=Clark|first1=Marshall|last2=Pietsch|first2=Juliet|date=26 March 2014|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781317808886|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZpnlOCB8htQC&amp;q=bahasa+melayu+indonesia+malaysia|title=Kesenjangan leksikal bahasa Melayu Malaysia dan bahasa Indonesia|last=Ahmad|first=Ibrahim|date=2011|publisher=Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka|isbn=9789834605209|language=ms}}&lt;/ref&gt; The differences can range from those mutually unintelligible with one another, to those having a closer familial resemblance. The regionalised and localised varieties of Malay can become a catalyst for intercultural conflict, especially in higher education.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |url=http://www.educ.utas.edu.au/users/tle/JOURNAL/issues/2007/22-1.pdf |title=The Reality of Bahasa Melayu and Bahasa Indonesia in Academia |author1=Hafriza Burhanudeen |author2=Nor Zakiah Abdul Hamid |author3=Norsimah Mat Awal |author4=Mohd Azlan Mis |publisher=Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia |journal=The International Journal of Language Society and Culture |access-date=9 July 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080726045845/http://www.educ.utas.edu.au/users/tle/JOURNAL/issues/2007/22-1.pdf |archive-date=26 July 2008 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4MBTBQAAQBAJ&amp;q=Malay+language+Indonesia|title=A Critical Survey of Studies on Malay and Bahasa Indonesia: Bibliographical|last=Teeuw|first=A.|date=17 April 2013|publisher=Springer Science &amp; Business Media|isbn=9789401187886|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ETXiBwAAQBAJ&amp;q=Indonesian+language+lingua+franca&amp;pg=PT154|title=Consequences of Contact: Language Ideologies and Sociocultural Transformations in Pacific Societies|last1=Makihara|first1=Miki|last2=Schieffelin|first2=Bambi B.|date=27 September 2007|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780190295936|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Perception==<br /> To non-native speakers the two varieties may seem identical, but to native speakers the differences are noticeable through both diction and accent. They affect the broadcasting industry with regard to foreign language subtitling, for example, in DVD movies and on cable TV. In order to reach a wider audience, both Indonesian and Malay subtitles are sometimes displayed in a movie, along with other language subtitles. Another example is Malaysian TV providing Malay subtitling on Indonesian [[sinetron]]s (TV dramas) aired in Malaysia&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://myindo.com/story/278.asp |title=The Wonderful World of Subtitling |author=Fairy Mahzan |publisher=MyIndo.com |access-date=9 July 2012 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130129104528/http://myindo.com/story/278.asp |archive-date=29 January 2013 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; and vice versa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://lifestyle.sindonews.com/read/1247171/158/hore-mnctv-tayangkan-film-terbaru-upin-ipin-1507640031|title=Hore, MNCTV Tayangkan Film Terbaru Upin Ipin|work=SINDOnews.com|access-date=14 February 2018|language=id-ID}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The Malay language in Indonesia and Malaysia also differs in recognition, where in Malaysia it enjoys status as the national language ([[Malaysian language]]),&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/malaysiainpictur0000dipi|url-access=registration|page=[https://archive.org/details/malaysiainpictur0000dipi/page/42 42]|title=Malaysia in Pictures|last=DiPiazza|first=Francesca|date=1 January 2006|publisher=Twenty-First Century Books|isbn=9780822526742|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; while in Indonesia it is considered a [[regional language]] in Malay-speaking areas such as the eastern coast of [[Sumatra]] and [[West Kalimantan]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gipLDwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA2|title=Bahasa Indonesia Kesehatan|last1=M.H.|first1=Wahyudi, S. Kep, Ns|last2=M.Pd|first2=Bivit Anggoro Prasetyo Nugroho, S. Pd|last3=M.Pd|first3=Dra Isnaeni Praptanti|publisher=Penerbit Andi|isbn=9789792963014|language=id}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zFKcQ8_dS00C&amp;q=Malay+regional+language+Sumatra+Kalimantan&amp;pg=PA1350|title=World and Its Peoples: Eastern and Southern Asia|date=2007|publisher=Marshall Cavendish|isbn=9780761476436|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The term &quot;Malay language&quot; (''Bahasa Melayu'') in Indonesia and Malaysia invites different perceptions from its respective people.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F3XvBbdWCKYC&amp;pg=PA335|title=Language and National Identity in Asia|last=Simpson|first=Andrew|date=30 August 2007|publisher=OUP Oxford|isbn=9780191533082|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; To Malaysians, the Malay language is generally understood as the [[national language]] of Malaysia, with Malaysian language (''Bahasa Malaysia)'' being a precise appellation for the Malay variety used in the country.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NCJiAgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA131|title=Language and Translation in Postcolonial Literatures: Multilingual Contexts, Translational Texts|last=Bertacco|first=Simona|date=17 December 2013|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781135136390|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Between 1986 and 2007, the term ''Bahasa Melayu'' was used instead of ''Bahasa Malaysia'', until the latter was reinstated, in order to instill a sense of belonging among Malaysians of all races, rather than just [[Malay people|Malays]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://blog.limkitsiang.com/2007/06/04/restoration-of-bahasa-malaysia-welcomed-but-why-the-sheepish-surreptitious-selective-announcement/ Bahasa Melayu becomes Bahasa Malaysia again], [[Lim Kit Siang]], 6 June 2007&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qGACL5YJRjEC&amp;pg=PA26|title=Language Conflict and National Development: Group Politics and National Language Policy in India|last=Dasgupta|first=Jyotirindra|date=1970|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=9780520015906|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Therefore, there was no clear distinction between the use of the term Malay (''Bahasa Melayu'') and the national language of Malaysia (''Bahasa Malaysia''). In Brunei, where Malay is also an official language, the language is known as ''Bahasa Melayu'' and in English as &quot;Malay&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;[http://bruneitimes.com.bn/art-culture/2010/08/04/perambahan-unique-feature-brunei-malay Perambahan: A unique feature of Brunei Malay] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706150357/http://bruneitimes.com.bn/art-culture/2010/08/04/perambahan-unique-feature-brunei-malay |date=6 July 2011 }}, ''[[Brunei Times]]'', 4 August 2010&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In Indonesia, however, there is a clear distinction between &quot;Malay language&quot; (''bahasa Melayu'') and &quot;Indonesian&quot; (''bahasa Indonesia''). Indonesian is the national language which serves as the [[Lingua franca|unifying language]] of Indonesia; despite being a standardized form of Malay, it is not referred to with the term &quot;Malay&quot; in common parlance.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KafIAwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA83|title=Language and Language-in-Education Planning in the Pacific Basin|last1=Kaplan|first1=R. B.|last2=Baldauf|first2=Richard B. Jr.|date=14 March 2013|publisher=Springer Science &amp; Business Media|isbn=9789401701457|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The term &quot;Malay&quot; is usually reserved for the forms of Malay indigenous to the Malay ethnic group (the national standardized language of Malaysia and the non-standard idioms of [[Malays (ethnic group)|Malay people]], including those used by [[Malay Indonesian]]s). Thus, &quot;Malay&quot; is considered a [[regional language]] (''bahasa daerah'') in Indonesia, enjoying the same status as [[Javanese language|Javanese]], [[Sundanese language|Sundanese]], [[Buginese language|Buginese]], [[Balinese language|Balinese]], [[Batak languages]] and others.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://labbineka.kemdikbud.go.id/bahasa/daftarbahasa|title=Daftar Bahasa-bahasa Daerah di Indonesia|website=labbineka.kemdikbud.go.id|access-date=24 October 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Moreover, to some Indonesians, the term &quot;Malay&quot; is more often associated with Malaysia and the Malaysian variety of Malay.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cA1PilUrW8gC&amp;pg=PA199|title=PELBBA 17: Pertemuan Linguistik Pusat Kajian Bahasa dan Budaya Atma Jaya Ketujuh Belas|date=2004|publisher=Yayasan Obor Indonesia|isbn=9789794615270|language=id}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In Malaysia, the terms &quot;Indonesian Malay&quot; and &quot;Malaysian Malay&quot; are sometimes used for Indonesian and Malay as spoken in Malaysia. In Indonesia, &quot;Indonesian Malay&quot; usually refers to the vernacular varieties of Malay spoken by the [[Malay Indonesian|Malay peoples of Indonesia]], that is, to Malay as a regional language in [[Sumatra]], though it is rarely used.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wiWguZzOToMC&amp;pg=PA25|title=Masyarakat Indonesia|last=Indonesia|first=Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan|year=1968|publisher=Yayasan Obor Indonesia|language=id}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Bahasa Malaysia'' and ''Bahasa Melayu'' are used interchangeably in reference to Malay in Malaysia.<br /> <br /> [[Malay language|Malay]] was designated as a national language by the Singaporean government after independence from Britain in the 1960s to avoid friction with Singapore's Malay-speaking neighbours of Malaysia and Indonesia.&lt;ref name=fromthirdworldtofirst&gt;{{cite book|title=From Third World to First|author=Lee Kuan Yew|year=2000|publisher=[[Marshall Cavendish]]|location=Singapore}}&lt;/ref&gt; It has a symbolic, rather than functional purpose.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CQgjrpgdU6gC&amp;pg=PA42|title=Language and society in Singapore|publisher=Singapore University Press|first1=Evangelos A.|last1=Afendras|first2=Eddie C.Y.|last2=Kuo|year=1980|isbn=978-9971-69-016-8|access-date=27 February 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&amp;pg=PA2018|title=Sociolinguistics: An international handbook of the science of language and society|publisher=Walter de Gruyter|location=Berlin|first1=Ulrich|last1=Ammon|first2=Norbert|last2=Dittmar|first3=Klaus J.|last3=Mattheier|volume=3|year=2006|isbn=978-3-11-018418-1|access-date=27 February 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; It is used in the national anthem &quot;[[Majulah Singapura]]&quot;,&lt;ref&gt;{{Singapore legislation|title=Singapore Arms and Flag and National Anthem Act|cap=296|ed=1985}}&lt;/ref&gt; in citations of [[Singaporean orders and decorations]] and in military commands.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.singstat.gov.sg/pubn/papers/people/c2000adr-literacy.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091113162718/http://www.singstat.gov.sg/pubn/papers/people/c2000adr-literacy.pdf|archive-date=13 November 2009|url-status=dead|title=Literacy and Language|publisher=Singapore Statistics|access-date=27 February 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Singaporean Malay is officially written in the Latin-based [[Rumi script]], though some Singaporean Malays also learn the Arabic-based [[Jawi alphabet|Jawi script]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=Cook|first1=Vivian|last2=Bassetti|first2=Benedetta|title=Second Language Writing Systems|date=2005|publisher=Multilingual Matters|isbn=978-1-85359-793-0|page=359|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yDLVaYJkyHUC}}&lt;/ref&gt; Jawi is considered an ethnic script for use on Singaporean identity cards.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.ica.gov.sg/page.aspx?pageid=140|title=Update Change of Name in IC|publisher=Immigration and Checkpoints Authority|access-date=29 January 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202101218/https://www.ica.gov.sg/page.aspx?pageid=140|archive-date=2 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Orthography==<br /> <br /> ==== Spelling ====<br /> Before the 20th century, Malay was written in a local modified form of the [[Arabic alphabet]] known as [[Jawi script|Jawi]]. During the 20th century, Malay written with [[Roman letters]], known as Rumi, almost completely replaced Jawi in everyday life. The romanisations originally used in [[British Malaya]] (now part of [[Malaysia]]) and the [[Dutch East Indies]] (now [[Indonesia]]) reflected their history as British and Dutch colonial possessions respectively. In British Malaya, the romanisation of Malay, devised by [[Richard James Wilkinson|Richard Wilkinson]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JHgsfADZF9IC&amp;pg=PA94 |title=Spelling and Society: The Culture and Politics of Orthography Around the World |first=Mark |last=Sebba |publisher= Cambridge University Press |year= 2007|isbn=9781139462020 }}&lt;/ref&gt; was influenced by English, whereas in the Dutch East Indies, the [[Van Ophuijsen Spelling System|system devised by C. A. Van Ophuijsen]] was influenced by [[Dutch language|Dutch]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A9UjLYD9jVEC&amp;pg=PA91 |title=The Indonesian Language: Its History and Role in Modern Society |first=James N. |last=Sneddon |publisher=UNSW Press |year=2003|isbn=9780868405988 }}&lt;/ref&gt; As a result, in Indonesia, the vowel {{IPAblink|u}} was formerly represented ''oe'', as in Dutch, although the official spelling of this sound was changed to ''u'' in 1947 when the [[Republican Spelling System]] was used.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PhliAgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA563|title=How Languages Work: An Introduction to Language and Linguistics|last=Genetti|first=Carol|date=23 January 2014|publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=9780521767446}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Similarly, until 1972, {{IPAblink|tʃ}} was represented in Malaysia as ''ch'', whereas in Indonesia, it continued to follow Dutch and used ''tj''. Hence the word for 'grandchild' used to be written as ''{{lang|zsm|chuchu}}'' in Malaysia and ''{{lang|id|tjoetjoe}}'' in Indonesia, until a unified spelling system was introduced in 1972 (known in Indonesia as ''{{lang|id|Ejaan Yang Disempurnakan}}'' or the 'Perfected Spelling') which removed most differences between the two varieties: Malay ''ch'' and Indonesian ''tj'' became ''c'': hence ''{{lang|zsm|cucu}}''.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jones loan words&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sXrxDQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PR11 |title=Loan-Words in Indonesian and Malay |last=Jones|first=Russell|year=2007 |publisher=Yayasan Pustaka Obor Indonesia|isbn=9786024331740}}&lt;/ref&gt; Indonesia abandoned the spelling ''dj'' {{IPAblink|dʒ}} to conform to the ''j'' already in use in Malaysia, while the old Indonesian ''j'' for the semivowel {{IPAblink|j}} was replaced with ''y'' as in Malaysia. Likewise, the [[Voiceless velar fricative|velar fricative]] {{IPAblink|x}} which occurs in many Arabic loanwords, which used to be written 'ch' in Indonesian, became ''kh'' in both languages.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jones loan words&quot; /&gt; However, ''oe'' was retained in some proper names, such as the name of the former vice-president, [[Boediono]] or former minister [[Mohammad Roem]]. The ''ch'' and ''dj'' letter combinations are still encountered in names such as ''Achmad'' and ''Djojo'' (pronounced as ''Akhmad'' and ''Joyo'' respectively), although the post-1972 spelling is now favoured.<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |+Indonesian-Malaysian Spelling Comparison<br /> !IPA<br /> !Malaysian<br /> Old Spelling<br /> !Indonesian <br /> Old Spelling<br /> !Indonesian-Malaysian<br /> Post-1972 Spelling<br /> |-<br /> |/ə/<br /> |ă, ĕ<br /> |ē<br /> |e<br /> |-<br /> |/e/<br /> |e<br /> |e<br /> |e<br /> |-<br /> |/ɛ/<br /> |<br /> |é<br /> |e<br /> |-<br /> |/tʃ/<br /> |ch<br /> |tj<br /> |c<br /> |-<br /> |/dˤ/<br /> |dh<br /> |<br /> |d<br /> |-<br /> |/dʒ/<br /> |j<br /> |dj<br /> |j<br /> |-<br /> |/x/<br /> |kh<br /> |ch<br /> |kh<br /> |-<br /> |/ɲ/<br /> |ny<br /> |nj<br /> |ny<br /> |-<br /> |/zˤ/<br /> |dz<br /> |<br /> |z<br /> |-<br /> |/ʃ/<br /> |sh<br /> |sj<br /> |sy<br /> |-<br /> |/θ/<br /> |th<br /> |<br /> |s<br /> |-<br /> |/u/<br /> |u<br /> |oe<br /> |u<br /> |-<br /> |/j/<br /> |y<br /> |j<br /> |y<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === Punctuation ===<br /> One notable difference in [[punctuation]] between the two languages is the use of different [[decimal mark]]s; Indonesian, influenced by Dutch, uses the [[decimal comma#Countries using Arabic numerals with decimal comma|decimal comma]],&lt;ref&gt;[http://nasional.kompas.com/read/2013/06/14/21044791/Istri.Djoko.Disebut.Beli.Rumah.Rp.7.1.Miliar Istri Djoko Disebut Beli Rumah Rp 7,1 Miliar], ''[[Kompas]]'', 14 June 2013&lt;/ref&gt; whereas Malay, influenced by English, uses the [[decimal comma#Countries using Arabic numerals with decimal point|decimal point]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.utusan.com.my/utusan/Ekonomi/20130606/ek_05/58-IBO-berpotensi-jana-RM1.9b 58 IBO berpotensi jana RM1.9b], ''[[Utusan Melayu]]'', 6 June 2013&lt;/ref&gt; A glossary of [[Information Technology]] terminology, available in English, Indonesian, and Malay, was published to facilitate the comparison and comprehension of language variations among individuals in Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, and Brunei who are seeking assistance and information online.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.amazon.in/Glossary-Computer-Terms-English-Indonesian-Malay-Gunarto-ebook/dp/B0BX633QV4/ref=monarch_sidesheet |title=Glossary of IT and Computer Terms: English-Indonesian-Malay |publisher=Kindle KDP Amazon Publishing, 2023, [[Hary Gunarto]]|access-date=October 7, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Pronunciation==<br /> <br /> Pronunciation also tends to be very different, with East Malaysia, Standard Singapore, and Indonesia pronouncing words in a form called ''Bahasa Baku'',&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MKdMDgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA6|title=A grammar of Papuan Malay|last=Kluge|first=Angela|date=8 July 2016|publisher=Language Science Press|isbn=9783944675862}}&lt;/ref&gt; where the words are pronounced as spelled.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Dw-YBwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA230|title=Pidgins, Creoles and Mixed Languages: An Introduction|last=Velupillai|first=Viveka|date=15 April 2015|publisher=John Benjamins Publishing Company|isbn=9789027268846}}&lt;/ref&gt; Moreover, enunciation tends to be clipped, staccato and faster than on the Malay Peninsula, which is spoken at a more languorous pace. Many vowels are pronounced (and were formerly spelt) differently in Peninsular Malaysia, Colloquial Singapore, and Riau Sumatra: ''{{lang|zsm|tujuh}}'' is pronounced (and was spelt) ''{{lang|zsm|tujoh}}'', ''{{lang|zsm|pilih}}'' as ''{{lang|zsm|pileh}}'', etc., and many final ''a'''s tend to be pronounced as [[schwa]]s; {{IPA|[e]}} and {{IPA|[o]}} are also allophones of {{IPA|/i/}} and {{IPA|/u/}} in closed final syllables in peninsular Malaysian, Colloquial Singaporean and Riau Sumatran varieties of Malay; These pronunciation rules is known as [[Johor]]-[[Riau]] pronunciation.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uyY6HJYcEKYC&amp;pg=PA209|title=Status Change of Languages|last1=Ammon|first1=Ulrich|last2=Hellinger|first2=Marlis|date=1992|publisher=Walter de Gruyter|isbn=9783110126686}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gPekCgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT82|title=Early History of Penang (Penerbit USM)|last=Salleh|editor-first=Muhammad |editor-last=Haji|date=27 August 2015|publisher=Penerbit USM|isbn=9789838616577}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; <br /> |+Comparison of several standard pronunciations of Malay&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last=Abu Bakar |first=Mukhlis |date=2019-12-18 |title=Sebutan Johor-Riau dan Sebutan Baku dalam Konteks Identiti Masyarakat Melayu Singapura |url=http://publisher.unimas.my/ojs/index.php/ILS/article/view/1521 |journal=Issues in Language Studies |volume=8 |issue=2 |doi=10.33736/ils.1521.2019 |s2cid=213343934 |issn=2180-2726|doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> !<br /> ! style=text-align:center | Example<br /> ! style=text-align:center | ''Johor-Riau'' (''Piawai'')<br /> Pronunciation<br /> ! style=text-align:center | Northern Peninsular<br /> Pronunciation<br /> ! style=text-align:center| ''Baku'' &amp; Indonesian<br /> Pronunciation<br /> |-<br /> |⟨a⟩ in final open syllable <br /> |style=text-align:center | ⟨keret'''a'''⟩<br /> |style=text-align:center | /ə/<br /> |style=text-align:center | /a/<br /> |style=text-align:center | /a/<br /> |-<br /> |⟨i⟩ in final closed syllable with final ⟨n⟩ and ⟨ng⟩ <br /> |style=text-align:center | ⟨kamb'''i'''ng⟩<br /> |style=text-align:center | /e/<br /> |style=text-align:center | /i/<br /> |style=text-align:center | /i/<br /> |-<br /> |⟨i⟩ in final closed syllable with other final consonants <br /> |style=text-align:center | ⟨it'''i'''k⟩<br /> |style=text-align:center | /e/<br /> |style=text-align:center | /e/<br /> |style=text-align:center | /i/<br /> |-<br /> |⟨u⟩ in final closed syllable with final ⟨n⟩ and ⟨ng⟩ <br /> |style=text-align:center | ⟨tah'''u'''n⟩<br /> |style=text-align:center | /o/<br /> |style=text-align:center | /u/<br /> |style=text-align:center | /u/<br /> |-<br /> |⟨u⟩ in final closed syllable with other final consonants <br /> |style=text-align:center | ⟨lump'''u'''r⟩<br /> |style=text-align:center | /o/<br /> |style=text-align:center | /o/<br /> |style=text-align:center | /u/<br /> |-<br /> |final ⟨r⟩<br /> |style=text-align:center | ⟨lumpu'''r'''⟩<br /> |style=text-align:center | silent<br /> |style=text-align:center | /r/<br /> |style=text-align:center | /r/<br /> |}<br /> <br /> The names for Latin letters are also of different origins, Indonesian names are from Dutch, while Malaysian Malay names are from English (see [[Malay alphabet|Malay-Indonesian alphabet]]).<br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> ! width=&quot;30%&quot; | Word<br /> ! width=&quot;35%&quot; | (Malaysian) Malay<br /> ! width=&quot;35%&quot; | Indonesian <br /> |-<br /> | ABC || {{IPA-ms|/e/./bi/./si/|}} || {{IPA-id|/a/./be/./t͡ʃe/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[Automated teller machine|ATM]] || {{IPA-ms|/e/./ti/./em/|}} || {{IPA-id|/a/./te/./em/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[A minor]] || {{IPA-ms|/e/ maj.nə|}} || {{IPA-id|/a/ mi.nor|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[Bunga Citra Lestari|BCL]] || {{IPA-ms|/bi/./si/./el/|}} || {{IPA-id|/be/./t͡ʃe/./el/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[BMW]] || {{IPA-ms|/bi/./em/./dabəlˈju/|}} || {{IPA-id|/be/./em/./we/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[COD (disambiguation)|COD]] || {{IPA-ms|/si/./o/./di/|}} || {{IPA-id|/t͡ʃe/./o/./de/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[DNA]] || {{IPA-ms|/di/./en/./e/|}} || {{IPA-id|/de/./en/./a/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[E minor]] || {{IPA-ms|/i/ maj.nə|}} || {{IPA-id|/e/ mi.nor|}}<br /> |-<br /> | generasi || {{IPA-ms|d͡ʒə.nə.ra.si|}} || {{IPA-id|ɡe.nə.ra.si|}}<br /> |-<br /> | ghaib (ms), gaib (id) || {{IPA-ms|ɣɑ.ib|}} || {{IPA-id|ga.ib|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[High-definition television|HD]] || {{IPA-ms|/het͡ʃ/./di/|}} || {{IPA-id|/ha/./de/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[HDMI]] || {{IPA-ms|/het͡ʃ/./di/./em/./aj/|}} || {{IPA-id|/ha/./de/./em/./i/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[HIV]] || {{IPA-ms|/het͡ʃ/./aj/./vi/|}} || {{IPA-id|/ha/./i/./fe/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[HRD (disambiguation)|HRD]] || {{IPA-ms|/het͡ʃ/./a:/./di/|}} || {{IPA-id|/ha/./er/./de/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | idea (ms), ide (id) || {{IPA-ms|aj.di.jə|}} || {{IPA-id|i.de|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[IMF]] || {{IPA-ms|/aj/./em/./ef/|}} || {{IPA-id|/i/./em/./ef/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | Ireland (ms), Irlandia (id) || {{IPA-ms|ˈaɪə.lənd|}} || {{IPA-id|ir.lan.di.ja|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[Bandung Institute of Technology|ITB]]<br /> | {{IPA-ms|/aj/./ti/./bi/|}} || {{IPA-id|/i/./te/./be/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[Kereta Cepat Indonesia China|KCIC]]<br /> | {{IPA-ms|/ke/./si/./aj/./si/|}} || {{IPA-id|/ka/./t͡ʃe/./i/./t͡ʃe/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[KLIA]] || {{IPA-ms|/ke/./el/./aj/./e/|}} || {{IPA-id|/ka/./el/./i/./a/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | koir (ms), kor (id) || {{IPA-ms|kwa.jər|}} || {{IPA-id|kor|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[LGBT]] || {{IPA-ms|/el/./d͡ʒi/./bi/./ti/|}} || {{IPA-id|/el/./ge/./be/./te/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[Malaysia]] || {{IPA-ms|mə.le.sjə|}} || {{IPA-id|ma.laj.siʲa|}} <br /> |-<br /> | November || {{IPA-ms|no.vɛm.bər|}} || {{IPA-id|no.fɛm.bər|}}<br /> |-<br /> | protein || {{IPA-ms|pro.tin|}} || {{IPA-id|pro.te.in|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[Radio Televisyen Malaysia|RTM]] || {{IPA-ms|/a:/./ti/./em/|}} || {{IPA-id|/er/./te/./em/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[RCTI]] || {{IPA-ms|/a:/./si/./ti/./aj/|}} || {{IPA-id|/er/./t͡ʃe/./te/./i/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[SCTV (TV network)]] || {{IPA-ms|/es/./si/./ti/./vi/|}} || {{IPA-id|/es/./t͡ʃe/./te/./fe/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission|SPRM]] || {{IPA-ms|/es/./pi/./a:/./em/|}} || {{IPA-id|/es/./pe/./er/./em/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | spesies || {{IPA-ms|spe.sis|}} || {{IPA-id|spe.si.jɛs|}}<br /> |-<br /> | teknologi || {{IPA-ms|tɛk.no.lo.d͡ʒi|}} || {{IPA-id|tɛk.no.lo.ɡi|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[TVRI]] || {{IPA-ms|/ti/./vi/./a:/./aj/|}} || {{IPA-id|/te/./fe/./er/./i/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | Ukraine (ms), Ukraina (id) || {{IPA-ms|ju.kren|}} || {{IPA-id|u.kraj.na|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[UNHCR]] || {{IPA-ms|/ju/./en/./het͡ʃ/./si/./a:/|}} || {{IPA-id|/u/./en/./ha/./t͡ʃe/./er/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[University of Technology Malaysia|UTM]]<br /> | {{IPA-ms|/ju/./ti/./em/|}} || {{IPA-id|/u/./te/./em/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[WFH]] || {{IPA-ms|/dabəlˈju/./ef/./het͡ʃ/|}} || {{IPA-id|/we/./ef/./ha/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[WHO]] || {{IPA-ms|/dabəlˈju/./het͡ʃ/./o/|}} || {{IPA-id|/we/./ha/./o/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[WWW]] || {{IPA-ms|/dabəlˈju/./dabəlˈju/./dabəlˈju/|}} || {{IPA-id|/we/./we/./we/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | xilem || {{IPA-ms|zi.ləm|}} || {{IPA-id|si.ləm|}}<br /> |-<br /> | xilofon || {{IPA-ms|zi.lo.fon|}} || {{IPA-id|si.lo.fon|}}<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Syllabification==<br /> <br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> ! width=&quot;30%&quot; | Word<br /> ! width=&quot;35%&quot; | (Malaysian) Malay syllabification<br /> ! width=&quot;35%&quot; | Indonesian syllabification<br /> |-<br /> | problem || {{lang|zsm|mas.a.lah}} || {{lang|id|ma.sa.lah}}<br /> |-<br /> | start || {{lang|zsm|mu.la.i}} || {{lang|id|mu.lai}}<br /> |-<br /> | weather || {{lang|zsm|cua.ca}} || {{lang|id|cu.a.ca}}<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Vocabulary ==<br /> {{Wiktionary|Appendix:Indonesian–Standard Malay relations}}<br /> <br /> === Word derivation and compounds ===<br /> Indonesian and (Standard Malaysian) Malay have similar derivation and compounds rule. However, there is difference on quasi-past participle or participle-like adjective when attached to a noun or verb. (Standard Malaysian) Malay uses prefix ''ber-'' to denote such, while Indonesian uses prefix ''ter-'' to do so. It is important to note that prefix ber- can denote several other meanings.<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |+<br /> ! width=&quot;20%&quot;|English<br /> ! width=&quot;40%&quot;|(Malaysian) Malay<br /> ! width=&quot;40%&quot;|Indonesian<br /> |-<br /> |'''registered''' &lt;small&gt;(having had one's name added to an official list or entered into a register)&lt;/small&gt;<br /> |'''''&lt;u&gt;ber&lt;/u&gt;'''daftar''<br /> |'''''&lt;u&gt;ter&lt;/u&gt;'''daftar''<br /> |-<br /> |'''local'''<br /> |''tempat'''&lt;u&gt;an&lt;/u&gt;'''''<br /> |'''''&lt;u&gt;se&lt;/u&gt;'''tempat''<br /> |-<br /> |'''honorable'''<br /> |'''''&lt;u&gt;ber&lt;/u&gt;'''hormat''<br /> |'''''&lt;u&gt;ter&lt;/u&gt;'''hormat''<br /> |-<br /> |'''written''' &lt;small&gt;(having been written)&lt;/small&gt;<br /> |'''''&lt;u&gt;ber&lt;/u&gt;'''tulis''<br /> |'''''&lt;u&gt;ter&lt;/u&gt;'''tulis''<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === Loanword source differences ===<br /> {{More citations needed section|date=February 2024}}<br /> Indonesian and Malaysian Malay both differ in the forms of loanwords used due to division of the Malay Archipelago by the Dutch and the British and their long-lasting colonial influences, as a consequence of the [[Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824]]: Indonesian absorbed primarily Dutch loanwords whereas Malaysian Malay absorbed primarily English words. Pronunciation of certain loanwords in Malaysian Malay follows English, while in Indonesian it follows Dutch, for example Malay &quot;{{lang|zsm|televisyen}}&quot; (from English: television) and Indonesian &quot;{{lang|id|televisi}}&quot; (from Dutch: ''{{lang|nl|televisie}}''); the &quot;-syen&quot; and &quot;-si&quot; also prevail in some other words, though &quot;-si&quot; has become more preferred in Malay of late.{{cn|date=February 2024}}<br /> <br /> Malaysian Malay has also experienced significant conservative pushback as precedent entities that existed within the British sphere made efforts to create words that would fit naturally foreign ideas of governance and thought through a Malay-oriented context. The Pakatan Belajar Mengajar Pengetahuan Bahasa in [[Johore]] headed by [[Abdul Rahman Andak]] during the 19th century was especially important in introducing [[neologism]]s like ''pejabat'' (&quot;office&quot;, cf. Indonesian ''kantor'' from {{lang|nl|kantoor}}) and ''setiausaha'' (&quot;secretary&quot;, cf. Indo ''sekretaris'' from {{lang-nl|secretaris}}) into the Malay lexicon.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Sejarah Perancangan Bahasa Melayu di Negeri Johor|last=Amat Juhari Moain|publisher=[[Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka]]|year=2009|isbn=9789836297914|location=[[Kuala Lumpur]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; For example, the word for 'post office' in Malaysia is &quot;{{lang|zsm|pejabat pos}}&quot; (in Indonesia this means 'post officer'), whereas in Indonesia it is &quot;{{lang|id|kantor pos}}&quot;.<br /> <br /> There are also some [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] influences: in Indonesia, Christmas is known as &quot;{{lang|id|Natal}}&quot;, whereas Malaysia uses both &quot;Natal&quot; and &quot;{{lang|zsm|Krismas}}&quot;, the latter derived from English. There are also instances where the Malaysian Malay version derives from English pronunciation while the Indonesian version takes its cue from [[Latin]]. The Latin preference of the (older) Indonesian intellectuals in these instances may be ascribed to the influence of their classical-oriented education when [[Gymnasium (school)|''Gymnasium'']] schools were established during the Dutch colonial period: compare Malaysian Malay ''{{lang|zsm|kualiti}}'', ''{{lang|zsm|kuantiti}}'', ''{{lang|zsm|majoriti}}'', ''{{lang|zsm|minoriti}}'' and ''{{lang|zsm|universiti}}'' with Indonesian ''{{lang|id|kualitas}}'', ''{{lang|id|kuantitas}}'', ''{{lang|id|mayoritas}}'', ''{{lang|id|minoritas}}'' and ''{{lang|id|universitas}}''.{{cn|date=February 2024}}<br /> <br /> Some words which are spelt the same in both languages may even carry entirely different meanings in the other language, potentially leading to humorous or embarrassing situations: while ''{{lang|id|baja}}'' means &quot;steel&quot; in Indonesian,&lt;ref&gt;[https://kbbi.web.id/baja Arti kata baja]. [[Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia]]. Retrieved 23 April 2024&lt;/ref&gt; in Malaysian Malay it means &quot;fertiliser&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;[https://prpm.dbp.gov.my/cari1?keyword=baja Definisi baja]. [[Kamus Dewan]]. Retrieved 23 April 2024&lt;/ref&gt; Also, whereas the Indonesian word ''{{lang|id|butuh}}'' (from [[Sundanese language|Sundanese]] ᮘᮥᮒᮥᮂ butuh) means &quot;require&quot; or &quot;need&quot;,&lt;ref&gt;[https://kbbi.web.id/butuh Arti kata butuh]. Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia. Retrieved 23 April 2024&lt;/ref&gt; in Malay, it is a vulgar slang term referring to male genitalia.&lt;ref&gt;[https://prpm.dbp.gov.my/cari1?keyword=butuh Definisi butuh]. Kamus Dewan. Retrieved 23 April 2024&lt;/ref&gt; Conversely, where the word &quot;{{lang|zsm|banci}}&quot; seems innocuous enough in Malaysia (&quot;census&quot;),&lt;ref&gt;[https://prpm.dbp.gov.my/cari1?keyword=banci Definisi banci]. Kamus Dewan. Retrieved 23 April 2024&lt;/ref&gt; in Indonesia it is a derogatory term for &quot;transvestite&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;[https://kbbi.web.id/banci Arti kata banci]. Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia. Retrieved 23 April 2024&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The relatively large share of Islamic (Arabic or Persian) loan words shared by Malaysian Malay and Indonesian often poses no difficulty in comprehension and usage, although some forms may have developed a (slightly) different meaning or have become obsolete either in Malaysian Malay or in Indonesian, e.g. ''{{lang|zsm|khidmat}}'', ''{{lang|zsm|wakil}}''.{{cn|date=February 2024}}<br /> <br /> === English loanwords ===<br /> One of the most important aspect in differences between Malay (Malaysian and Brunei) and Indonesian is the degree of influence from English. Apart from being heavily influenced by the Dutch language, the Indonesian language also adopted a significant number of English loanwords in its vocabulary, although English did not play significant role on the Indonesian language and in fact most of these vocabulary are of Dutch origin – Dutch and English share a similar [[Germanic languages|Germanic origin]], and Dutch has also borrowed from [[Latin]], although to a lesser extent than English. There have been many changes in Indonesian as a result of its historical development. Words have been freely borrowed from English and only partly assimilated, in many cases, to the Indonesian patterns of structure.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Indonesian reference grammar|page=2|author=Roderick Ross Macdonald |isbn=9780878401635 |year= 1976 |publisher=Georgetown University Press|location=Georgetown, USA}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> By the late 1970s, English words began pouring into the language, leading one commentator, writing in 1977, to refer to the &quot;trend towards Indo-Saxonization&quot;,&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=sYUbAAAAIAAJ&amp;q=%22Indo-Saxonization%22 ''The Indonesian Quarterly''], Yayasan Proklamasi, [[Centre for Strategic and International Studies]], 1977 Volume 5, Issues 1–3, page 76&lt;/ref&gt; known in Indonesian as ''{{lang|id|pengindosaksonan}}''. Many loanwords from English sometimes fulfill no communicative need, expressing concepts adequately covered by existing words. Among the examples are: ''{{lang|id|akurat}}'' instead of ''{{lang|id|tepat}}'' (accurate, Dutch {{lang|nl|accuraat}}), ''{{lang|id|aliansi}}'' in the place of ''{{lang|id|sekutu}}'' (alliance, Dutch {{lang|nl|alliantie}}), ''{{lang|id|eksis}}'' rather than ''{{lang|id|ada}}'' (exist), ''{{lang|id|kandidat}}'' as well as ''{{lang|id|calon}}'' (candidate, Dutch {{lang|nl|kandidaat}}), ''{{lang|id|konklusi}}'' instead of ''{{lang|id|kesimpulan}}'' (conclusion, Dutch {{lang|nl|conclusie}}), ''{{lang|id|kontaminasi}}'' in the place of ''{{lang|id|pencemaran}}'' (contamination, Dutch {{lang|nl|contaminatie}}), ''{{lang|id|opini}}'' rather than ''{{lang|id|pendapat}}'' (opinion, Dutch {{lang|nl|opinie}}) and ''{{lang|id|opsi}}'' in the place of ''{{lang|id|pilihan}}'' (option, Dutch {{lang|nl|optie}}).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=A Study of the Evolution of the Malay Language: Social Change and Cognitive Development|page=14 |author=Seong Chee Tham|isbn= 978-9971691363|year=1991|publisher=Singapore University Press|location=Singapore}}&lt;/ref&gt; However, these ''{{lang|id|pengindosaksonan}}'' is not directly borrowed from English, but through their cognates in Dutch pronunciations as ''{{lang|id|<br /> Pedoman Umum Pembentukan Istilah}}'' is heavily influenced by Dutch cognates.<br /> <br /> === Social and cultural differences ===<br /> Lexical items that reflect separate social and cultural development.<br /> <br /> ==== Education ====<br /> Indonesia has a more uniform nationwide system of terms than does Malaysia. ''Public school'' (a publicly funded and administered school) is known as ''sekolah negeri'' in Indonesian and ''sekolah kebangsaan'' in Malaysia. Meanwhile, ''sekolah tinggi'' is translation of [[high school]] in Malaysia (similar to English usage), while it refers to [[university college]] in Indonesia (similar to Flanders Dutch ''hogeschool''). <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |+School Years for Academic/General School System in Standard Malay and Indonesian<br /> !Age Range<br /> !Malaysian Malay<br /> !Singaporean Malay<br /> !Brunei Malay<br /> !Indonesian<br /> |-<br /> |1-4<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |3-5<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |'''Sekolah Rendah'''<br /> |'''Sekolah Rendah'''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |5-6<br /> |Darjah 1 (Satu)<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |6-7<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Darjah 2 (Dua)<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |<br /> |'''Sekolah Rendah'''<br /> |'''Sekolah Dasar (SD)'''<br /> |-<br /> |Tahun 1 (Satu)<br /> |Kelas 1 (Satu)<br /> |-<br /> |7-8<br /> |Darjah 3 (Tiga)<br /> |<br /> |Tahun 2 (Dua)<br /> |Kelas 2 (Dua)<br /> |-<br /> |8-9<br /> |Darjah 4 (Empat)<br /> |<br /> |Tahun 3 (Tiga)<br /> |Kelas 3 (Tiga)<br /> |-<br /> |9-10<br /> |Darjah 5 (Lima)<br /> |<br /> |Tahun 4 (Empat)<br /> |Kelas 4 (Empat)<br /> |-<br /> |10-11<br /> |Darjah 6 (Enam)<br /> |<br /> |Tahun 5 (Lima)<br /> |Kelas 5 (Lima)<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |11-12<br /> |'''Sekolah Menengah'''<br /> |'''Sekolah Menengah'''<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Tahun 6 (Enam)<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Kelas 6 (Enam)<br /> |-<br /> |Tingkatan 1 (Satu)<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |12-13<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Tingkatan 2 (Dua)<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |<br /> |'''Sekolah Menengah'''<br /> |'''Sekolah Menengah Pertama (SMP)'''<br /> |-<br /> |Tahun 7 (Tujuh)<br /> |Kelas 7 (Tujuh)<br /> |-<br /> |13-14<br /> |Tingkatan 3 (Tiga)<br /> |<br /> |Tahun 8 (Lapan)<br /> |Kelas 8 (Delapan)<br /> |-<br /> |14-15<br /> |Tingkatan 4 (Empat)<br /> |<br /> |Tahun 9 (Sembilan)<br /> |Kelas 9 (Sembilan)<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |15-16<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Tingkatan 5 (Lima)<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Tahun 10 (Sepuluh)<br /> |'''Sekolah Menengah Atas (SMA)'''<br /> |-<br /> |Kelas 10 (Sepuluh)<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |16-17<br /> |'''Kolej Tingkatan Enam''' <br /> '''Kolej Matrikulasi'''<br /> |'''Maktab Rendah'''<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Tahun 11 (Sebelas)<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Kelas 11 (Sebelas)<br /> |-<br /> |Tingkatan 6 (Enam) Bawah<br /> Matrikulasi<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |17-18<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Tingkatan 6 (Enam) Atas<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |<br /> |'''Prauniversiti'''<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Kelas 12 (Duabelas)<br /> |-<br /> |Tahun 12 (Duabelas)<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> | colspan=&quot;4&quot; |'''Tertiary Education'''<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Convergence and divergence ==<br /> The rift of evolution between the two languages is based more on political nuance and the history of their formation than on cultural reasons. As a result, views regarding each other's languages differ amongst Malaysians and Indonesians. In Malaysia, the national language is Malay; in Indonesia, it is Indonesian. Malaysians tend to assert that Malay and Indonesian are merely different varieties of the same language, while Indonesians tend to treat them as separate – albeit closely related – languages. The result of this attitude is that the Indonesians feel little need to synchronize their language with Malaysia, Singapore and Brunei, whereas the Malaysians are keener to coordinate the evolution of the language with the Indonesians.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.yawningbread.org/arch_2005/yax-455.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304060400/http://www.yawningbread.org/arch_2005/yax-455.htm|archive-date=4 March 2016|title=Who is Malay?|date=July 2005}}&lt;/ref&gt; However, both parties have realized that communication benefits from mutually comprehensible and intelligible languages, which motivated efforts to synchronize the languages' development. The effort to synchronize both languages' evolution to increase their mutual intelligibility has been embarked by imposing standard [[rules of language]]. This process is headed by [[Language Development and Fostering Agency|Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa]] on the Indonesian side and [[Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka]] as its Malaysian counterpart through [[Majlis Bahasa Brunei-Indonesia-Malaysia]] (MABBIM). Authorities in both Brunei and Singapore generally abide by the Malaysian standard in disputes.{{cn|date=February 2024}} Although, MABBIM is not working properly which reflects Indonesian attitude of little need to synchronize their language.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Amin |first=Manzaidi Mohd |date=2022-04-21 |title=Terima hakikat negara jiran tolak penggunaan bahasa Melayu bahasa pengantar - MPN |trans-title=Accept the fact that neighboring countries reject the use of Malay as the medium of instruction - MPN |url=https://malaysiagazette.com/2022/04/21/terima-hakikat-negara-jiran-tolak-penggunaan-bahasa-melayu-bahasa-pengantar-mpn/ |url-status=live |access-date=2024-06-07 |work=Malaysia Gazette}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Indonesia akan tolak selagi Malaysia guna istilah 'Bahasa Melayu' |trans-title=Indonesia will reject as long as Malaysia uses the term 'Malay' |url=https://www.astroawani.com/berita-malaysia/indonesia-akan-tolak-selagi-malaysia-guna-istilah-bahasa-melayu-357992 |url-status=live |work=Astro Awani}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Example ==<br /> '''Original text in Indonesian''':&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.antaranews.com/berita/261056/draghi-krisis-zona-euro-berisiko-sistemik Antara News – Draghi: Krisis Zona Euro Berisiko &quot;Sistemik&quot;]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> :{{lang|id|Apabila peraturan}} '''''{{lang|id|pakta stabilitas Eropa}}''''' {{lang|id|dihormati sampai ke}} '''''{{lang|id|detail}}'''''{{lang|id|nya}}, '''''{{lang|id|rasio utang publik}}''''' ''{{lang|id|dibanding}}'' '''''{{lang|id|produk domestik bruto}}''''' {{lang|id|pada}} {{lang|id|hari}} {{lang|id|krisis akan berada di}} '''''{{lang|id|posisi}}''''' {{lang|id|10}} '''''{{lang|id|persentase poin}}''''' {{lang|id|kurang dalam}} '''''{{lang|id|zona}}''''' {{lang|id|euro, katanya}}.<br /> <br /> '''In Malay (Malaysian and Brunei)''':<br /> :{{lang|zsm|Jika peraturan}} '''''{{lang|zsm|pakatan kestabilan Eropah}}''''' {{lang|zsm|dihormati secara ter}}'''{{lang|zsm|perinci}}''', '''''{{lang|zsm|nisbah hutang awam}}''''' ''{{lang|zsm|berbanding}}'' '''''{{lang|zsm|keluaran dalam negara kasar}}''''' {{lang|zsm|pada}} {{lang|zsm|zaman}} {{lang|zsm|krisis akan berada di}} '''''{{lang|zsm|kedudukan}}''''' 10 '''''{{lang|zsm|mata peratusan}}''''' {{lang|zsm|kurang dalam}} '''''{{lang|zsm|zon}}''''' {{lang|zsm|euro, kata beliau}}.<br /> <br /> '''In English''':<br /> :If the '''''European stability pact''''' rules had been respected in '''''detail''''', the '''''ratio of public debt''''' ''to'' '''''gross domestic product''''' on the '''days''' of crisis would have been at the '''''position''''' 10 '''''percentage points''''' less in the euro'''''zone''''', he said.<br /> The following texts are excerpts from the official translations of the [[Universal Declaration of Human Rights]] in Indonesian and Malay (Malaysian and Brunei), along with the original declaration in English.<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |+<br /> ![[Indonesian language|Indonesian]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Pernyataan Umum tentang Hak-Hak Asasi Manusia |trans-title=Universal Declaration of Human Rights |url=https://www.ohchr.org/en/human-rights/universal-declaration/translations/indonesian |access-date=2024-06-07 |website=OHCHR}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> !Malay (Malaysia and Brunei)&lt;ref name=&quot;:21&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Perisytiharan Hak Asasi Manusia Sejagat |trans-title=Universal Declaration of Human Rights |url=http://www.ohchr.org/EN/UDHR/Pages/Language.aspx?LangID=mli |website=OHCHR |language=ms}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> !English&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Universal Declaration of Human Rights: English |url=http://www.ohchr.org/EN/UDHR/Pages/Language.aspx?LangID=eng |website=OHCHR}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |- style=&quot;vertical-align: top;&quot;<br /> | lang=&quot;id&quot; |Maka,<br /> Majelis Umum memproklamasikan<br /> <br /> '''PERNYATAAN UMUM TENTANG HAK ASASI MANUSIA''' sebagai satu standar umum keberhasilan untuk semua bangsa dan negara, dengan tujuan agar setiap orang dan setiap badan dalam masyarakat dengan senantiasa mengingat Pernyataan ini, akan berusaha dengan jalan mengajar dan mendidik untuk menggalakkan penghargaan terhadap hak-hak dan kebebasan-kebebasan tersebut, dan dengan jalan tindakan-tindakan progresif yang bersifat nasional maupun internasional, menjamin pengakuan dan penghormatannya secara universal dan efektif, baik oleh bangsa-bangsa dari negara anggota sendiri maupun oleh bangsa-bangsa dari daerah-daerah yang berada di bawah kekuasaan hukum mereka.<br /> <br /> '''Pasal 1''' Semua orang dilahirkan merdeka dan mempunyai martabat dan hak-hak yang sama. Mereka dikaruniai akal dan hati nurani dan hendaknya bergaul satu sama lain dalam semangat persaudaraan.<br /> | lang=&quot;zsm&quot; |Maka dengan ini,<br /> Perhimpunan Agung mengisytiharkan<br /> <br /> '''PERISYTIHARAN SEJAGAT HAK ASASI MANUSIA''' ini sebagai suatu ukuran bersama terhadap pencapaian oleh seluruh umat manusia dan kesemua negara dengan tujuan supaya setiap individu dan setiap badan masyarakat, dengan sentiasa mengingati Perisytiharan ini, hendaklah berazam melalui pengajaran dan pendidikan bagi memajukan sanjungan terhadap seluruh hak-hak dan kebebasan ini dan secara langkah-langkah berperingkat-peringkat, di bidang negara dan antarabangsa, bagi menjaminkan pengkitirafan dan pematuhan sejagatnya yang berkesan, kedua-duanya di antara negara-negara anggota masing-masing dan rakyat wilayah-wilayah di bawah bidang kuasa mereka.<br /> <br /> '''Perkara 1''' Semua manusia dilahirkan bebas dan samarata dari segi kemuliaan dan hak-hak. Mereka mempunyai pemikiran dan perasaan hati dan hendaklah bertindak di antara satu sama lain dengan semangat persaudaraan<br /> | lang=&quot;en&quot; |Now, therefore,<br /> The General Assembly proclaims<br /> <br /> This '''UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS''' as a common standard of achievement for all peoples and all nations, to the end that every individual and every organ of society, keeping this Declaration constantly in mind, shall strive by teaching and education to promote respect for these rights and freedoms and by progressive measures, national and international, to secure their universal and effective recognition and observance, both among the peoples of Member States themselves and among the peoples of territories under their jurisdiction.<br /> <br /> '''Article 1''' All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[Majlis Bahasa Brunei-Indonesia-Malaysia]]<br /> * [[Malay orthography|Malay-Indonesian orthography]]<br /> * [[Malay grammar|Malay-Indonesian grammar]]<br /> * [[Indonesian orthography]]<br /> * [[Indonesian slang]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * {{cite journal |first=Asmah |last=Haji Omar |title=The Malay Spelling Reform |journal=Journal of the Simplified Spelling Society |year=1989 |pages=9–13 |url=http://www.spellingsociety.org/journals/j11/malay.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060927160151/http://www.spellingsociety.org/journals/j11/malay.php |archive-date=27 September 2006 |url-status=dead |access-date=2 November 2006 }}<br /> * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120530225650/http://badanbahasa.kemdiknas.go.id/kbbi/ Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia]. 2008. Pusat Bahasa, Departemen Pendidikan Nasional<br /> * {{cite web | author=Regina Pasys | title=Ternyata 4 Negara Ini Mempunya Bahasa yang Mirip dengan Bahasa Indonesia, Sudah Tahu?| publisher=Grid Kids| url=https://kids.grid.id/read/472255841/keren-ternyata-4-negara-ini-mempunya-bahasa-yang-mirip-dengan-bahasa-indonesia-sudah-tahu?page=all}}<br /> * [http://www.tufs.ac.jp/ts/personal/nomoto/ejaan.pdf Senarai komprehensif perbezaan ejaan Malaysia dan ejaan Indonesia], Hiroki Nomoto, Nahoko Yamashita, Ayano Osaka (orthographic differences between Standard Malay and Indonesian)<br /> * convection era [http://konveksibaju.id/]<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Comparison of Standard Malay and Indonesian}}<br /> [[Category:Malay language]]<br /> [[Category:Indonesian language]]<br /> [[Category:Language comparison]]<br /> [[Category:False friends]]<br /> [[Category:Indonesia–Malaysia relations]]</div> Xbypass https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Comparison_of_Indonesian_and_Standard_Malay&diff=1239056084 Comparison of Indonesian and Standard Malay 2024-08-07T03:36:41Z <p>Xbypass: /* Orthography */</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Linguistic comparison}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}<br /> {{Wiktionary|Appendix:Indonesian–Standard Malay relations}}<br /> <br /> [[Indonesian language|Indonesian]] and [[Malaysian Malay]] are two standardised varieties of the [[Malay language]], the former used officially in [[Indonesia]] (and in [[Timor Leste]] as a working language) and the latter in [[Brunei]], [[Malaysia]] and [[Singapore]]. Both varieties are generally [[mutual intelligibility|mutually intelligible]], yet there are noticeable differences in spelling, grammar, pronunciation and vocabulary, as well as the predominant source of loanwords.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OtWdhQ7vc6kC&amp;pg=PA71|title=The Austronesian Languages of Asia and Madagascar|last1=Adelaar|first1=K. Alexander|last2=Himmelmann|first2=Nikolaus|date=7 March 2013|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781136755095|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nEYsAwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA50|title=Indonesia-Malaysia Relations: Cultural Heritage, Politics and Labour Migration|last1=Clark|first1=Marshall|last2=Pietsch|first2=Juliet|date=26 March 2014|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781317808886|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZpnlOCB8htQC&amp;q=bahasa+melayu+indonesia+malaysia|title=Kesenjangan leksikal bahasa Melayu Malaysia dan bahasa Indonesia|last=Ahmad|first=Ibrahim|date=2011|publisher=Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka|isbn=9789834605209|language=ms}}&lt;/ref&gt; The differences can range from those mutually unintelligible with one another, to those having a closer familial resemblance. The regionalised and localised varieties of Malay can become a catalyst for intercultural conflict, especially in higher education.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |url=http://www.educ.utas.edu.au/users/tle/JOURNAL/issues/2007/22-1.pdf |title=The Reality of Bahasa Melayu and Bahasa Indonesia in Academia |author1=Hafriza Burhanudeen |author2=Nor Zakiah Abdul Hamid |author3=Norsimah Mat Awal |author4=Mohd Azlan Mis |publisher=Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia |journal=The International Journal of Language Society and Culture |access-date=9 July 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080726045845/http://www.educ.utas.edu.au/users/tle/JOURNAL/issues/2007/22-1.pdf |archive-date=26 July 2008 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4MBTBQAAQBAJ&amp;q=Malay+language+Indonesia|title=A Critical Survey of Studies on Malay and Bahasa Indonesia: Bibliographical|last=Teeuw|first=A.|date=17 April 2013|publisher=Springer Science &amp; Business Media|isbn=9789401187886|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ETXiBwAAQBAJ&amp;q=Indonesian+language+lingua+franca&amp;pg=PT154|title=Consequences of Contact: Language Ideologies and Sociocultural Transformations in Pacific Societies|last1=Makihara|first1=Miki|last2=Schieffelin|first2=Bambi B.|date=27 September 2007|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780190295936|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Perception==<br /> To non-native speakers the two varieties may seem identical, but to native speakers the differences are noticeable through both diction and accent. They affect the broadcasting industry with regard to foreign language subtitling, for example, in DVD movies and on cable TV. In order to reach a wider audience, both Indonesian and Malay subtitles are sometimes displayed in a movie, along with other language subtitles. Another example is Malaysian TV providing Malay subtitling on Indonesian [[sinetron]]s (TV dramas) aired in Malaysia&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://myindo.com/story/278.asp |title=The Wonderful World of Subtitling |author=Fairy Mahzan |publisher=MyIndo.com |access-date=9 July 2012 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130129104528/http://myindo.com/story/278.asp |archive-date=29 January 2013 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; and vice versa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://lifestyle.sindonews.com/read/1247171/158/hore-mnctv-tayangkan-film-terbaru-upin-ipin-1507640031|title=Hore, MNCTV Tayangkan Film Terbaru Upin Ipin|work=SINDOnews.com|access-date=14 February 2018|language=id-ID}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The Malay language in Indonesia and Malaysia also differs in recognition, where in Malaysia it enjoys status as the national language ([[Malaysian language]]),&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/malaysiainpictur0000dipi|url-access=registration|page=[https://archive.org/details/malaysiainpictur0000dipi/page/42 42]|title=Malaysia in Pictures|last=DiPiazza|first=Francesca|date=1 January 2006|publisher=Twenty-First Century Books|isbn=9780822526742|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; while in Indonesia it is considered a [[regional language]] in Malay-speaking areas such as the eastern coast of [[Sumatra]] and [[West Kalimantan]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gipLDwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA2|title=Bahasa Indonesia Kesehatan|last1=M.H.|first1=Wahyudi, S. Kep, Ns|last2=M.Pd|first2=Bivit Anggoro Prasetyo Nugroho, S. Pd|last3=M.Pd|first3=Dra Isnaeni Praptanti|publisher=Penerbit Andi|isbn=9789792963014|language=id}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zFKcQ8_dS00C&amp;q=Malay+regional+language+Sumatra+Kalimantan&amp;pg=PA1350|title=World and Its Peoples: Eastern and Southern Asia|date=2007|publisher=Marshall Cavendish|isbn=9780761476436|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The term &quot;Malay language&quot; (''Bahasa Melayu'') in Indonesia and Malaysia invites different perceptions from its respective people.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F3XvBbdWCKYC&amp;pg=PA335|title=Language and National Identity in Asia|last=Simpson|first=Andrew|date=30 August 2007|publisher=OUP Oxford|isbn=9780191533082|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; To Malaysians, the Malay language is generally understood as the [[national language]] of Malaysia, with Malaysian language (''Bahasa Malaysia)'' being a precise appellation for the Malay variety used in the country.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NCJiAgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA131|title=Language and Translation in Postcolonial Literatures: Multilingual Contexts, Translational Texts|last=Bertacco|first=Simona|date=17 December 2013|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781135136390|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Between 1986 and 2007, the term ''Bahasa Melayu'' was used instead of ''Bahasa Malaysia'', until the latter was reinstated, in order to instill a sense of belonging among Malaysians of all races, rather than just [[Malay people|Malays]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://blog.limkitsiang.com/2007/06/04/restoration-of-bahasa-malaysia-welcomed-but-why-the-sheepish-surreptitious-selective-announcement/ Bahasa Melayu becomes Bahasa Malaysia again], [[Lim Kit Siang]], 6 June 2007&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qGACL5YJRjEC&amp;pg=PA26|title=Language Conflict and National Development: Group Politics and National Language Policy in India|last=Dasgupta|first=Jyotirindra|date=1970|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=9780520015906|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Therefore, there was no clear distinction between the use of the term Malay (''Bahasa Melayu'') and the national language of Malaysia (''Bahasa Malaysia''). In Brunei, where Malay is also an official language, the language is known as ''Bahasa Melayu'' and in English as &quot;Malay&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;[http://bruneitimes.com.bn/art-culture/2010/08/04/perambahan-unique-feature-brunei-malay Perambahan: A unique feature of Brunei Malay] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706150357/http://bruneitimes.com.bn/art-culture/2010/08/04/perambahan-unique-feature-brunei-malay |date=6 July 2011 }}, ''[[Brunei Times]]'', 4 August 2010&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In Indonesia, however, there is a clear distinction between &quot;Malay language&quot; (''bahasa Melayu'') and &quot;Indonesian&quot; (''bahasa Indonesia''). Indonesian is the national language which serves as the [[Lingua franca|unifying language]] of Indonesia; despite being a standardized form of Malay, it is not referred to with the term &quot;Malay&quot; in common parlance.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KafIAwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA83|title=Language and Language-in-Education Planning in the Pacific Basin|last1=Kaplan|first1=R. B.|last2=Baldauf|first2=Richard B. Jr.|date=14 March 2013|publisher=Springer Science &amp; Business Media|isbn=9789401701457|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The term &quot;Malay&quot; is usually reserved for the forms of Malay indigenous to the Malay ethnic group (the national standardized language of Malaysia and the non-standard idioms of [[Malays (ethnic group)|Malay people]], including those used by [[Malay Indonesian]]s). Thus, &quot;Malay&quot; is considered a [[regional language]] (''bahasa daerah'') in Indonesia, enjoying the same status as [[Javanese language|Javanese]], [[Sundanese language|Sundanese]], [[Buginese language|Buginese]], [[Balinese language|Balinese]], [[Batak languages]] and others.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://labbineka.kemdikbud.go.id/bahasa/daftarbahasa|title=Daftar Bahasa-bahasa Daerah di Indonesia|website=labbineka.kemdikbud.go.id|access-date=24 October 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Moreover, to some Indonesians, the term &quot;Malay&quot; is more often associated with Malaysia and the Malaysian variety of Malay.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cA1PilUrW8gC&amp;pg=PA199|title=PELBBA 17: Pertemuan Linguistik Pusat Kajian Bahasa dan Budaya Atma Jaya Ketujuh Belas|date=2004|publisher=Yayasan Obor Indonesia|isbn=9789794615270|language=id}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In Malaysia, the terms &quot;Indonesian Malay&quot; and &quot;Malaysian Malay&quot; are sometimes used for Indonesian and Malay as spoken in Malaysia. In Indonesia, &quot;Indonesian Malay&quot; usually refers to the vernacular varieties of Malay spoken by the [[Malay Indonesian|Malay peoples of Indonesia]], that is, to Malay as a regional language in [[Sumatra]], though it is rarely used.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wiWguZzOToMC&amp;pg=PA25|title=Masyarakat Indonesia|last=Indonesia|first=Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan|year=1968|publisher=Yayasan Obor Indonesia|language=id}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Bahasa Malaysia'' and ''Bahasa Melayu'' are used interchangeably in reference to Malay in Malaysia.<br /> <br /> [[Malay language|Malay]] was designated as a national language by the Singaporean government after independence from Britain in the 1960s to avoid friction with Singapore's Malay-speaking neighbours of Malaysia and Indonesia.&lt;ref name=fromthirdworldtofirst&gt;{{cite book|title=From Third World to First|author=Lee Kuan Yew|year=2000|publisher=[[Marshall Cavendish]]|location=Singapore}}&lt;/ref&gt; It has a symbolic, rather than functional purpose.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CQgjrpgdU6gC&amp;pg=PA42|title=Language and society in Singapore|publisher=Singapore University Press|first1=Evangelos A.|last1=Afendras|first2=Eddie C.Y.|last2=Kuo|year=1980|isbn=978-9971-69-016-8|access-date=27 February 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&amp;pg=PA2018|title=Sociolinguistics: An international handbook of the science of language and society|publisher=Walter de Gruyter|location=Berlin|first1=Ulrich|last1=Ammon|first2=Norbert|last2=Dittmar|first3=Klaus J.|last3=Mattheier|volume=3|year=2006|isbn=978-3-11-018418-1|access-date=27 February 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; It is used in the national anthem &quot;[[Majulah Singapura]]&quot;,&lt;ref&gt;{{Singapore legislation|title=Singapore Arms and Flag and National Anthem Act|cap=296|ed=1985}}&lt;/ref&gt; in citations of [[Singaporean orders and decorations]] and in military commands.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.singstat.gov.sg/pubn/papers/people/c2000adr-literacy.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091113162718/http://www.singstat.gov.sg/pubn/papers/people/c2000adr-literacy.pdf|archive-date=13 November 2009|url-status=dead|title=Literacy and Language|publisher=Singapore Statistics|access-date=27 February 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Singaporean Malay is officially written in the Latin-based [[Rumi script]], though some Singaporean Malays also learn the Arabic-based [[Jawi alphabet|Jawi script]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=Cook|first1=Vivian|last2=Bassetti|first2=Benedetta|title=Second Language Writing Systems|date=2005|publisher=Multilingual Matters|isbn=978-1-85359-793-0|page=359|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yDLVaYJkyHUC}}&lt;/ref&gt; Jawi is considered an ethnic script for use on Singaporean identity cards.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.ica.gov.sg/page.aspx?pageid=140|title=Update Change of Name in IC|publisher=Immigration and Checkpoints Authority|access-date=29 January 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202101218/https://www.ica.gov.sg/page.aspx?pageid=140|archive-date=2 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Orthography==<br /> <br /> ==== Spelling ====<br /> Before the 20th century, Malay was written in a local modified form of the [[Arabic alphabet]] known as [[Jawi script|Jawi]]. During the 20th century, Malay written with [[Roman letters]], known as Rumi, almost completely replaced Jawi in everyday life. The romanisations originally used in [[British Malaya]] (now part of [[Malaysia]]) and the [[Dutch East Indies]] (now [[Indonesia]]) reflected their history as British and Dutch colonial possessions respectively. In British Malaya, the romanisation of Malay, devised by [[Richard James Wilkinson|Richard Wilkinson]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JHgsfADZF9IC&amp;pg=PA94 |title=Spelling and Society: The Culture and Politics of Orthography Around the World |first=Mark |last=Sebba |publisher= Cambridge University Press |year= 2007|isbn=9781139462020 }}&lt;/ref&gt; was influenced by English, whereas in the Dutch East Indies, the [[Van Ophuijsen Spelling System|system devised by C. A. Van Ophuijsen]] was influenced by [[Dutch language|Dutch]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A9UjLYD9jVEC&amp;pg=PA91 |title=The Indonesian Language: Its History and Role in Modern Society |first=James N. |last=Sneddon |publisher=UNSW Press |year=2003|isbn=9780868405988 }}&lt;/ref&gt; As a result, in Indonesia, the vowel {{IPAblink|u}} was formerly represented ''oe'', as in Dutch, although the official spelling of this sound was changed to ''u'' in 1947 when the [[Republican Spelling System]] was used.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PhliAgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA563|title=How Languages Work: An Introduction to Language and Linguistics|last=Genetti|first=Carol|date=23 January 2014|publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=9780521767446}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Similarly, until 1972, {{IPAblink|tʃ}} was represented in Malaysia as ''ch'', whereas in Indonesia, it continued to follow Dutch and used ''tj''. Hence the word for 'grandchild' used to be written as ''{{lang|zsm|chuchu}}'' in Malaysia and ''{{lang|id|tjoetjoe}}'' in Indonesia, until a unified spelling system was introduced in 1972 (known in Indonesia as ''{{lang|id|Ejaan Yang Disempurnakan}}'' or the 'Perfected Spelling') which removed most differences between the two varieties: Malay ''ch'' and Indonesian ''tj'' became ''c'': hence ''{{lang|zsm|cucu}}''.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jones loan words&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sXrxDQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PR11 |title=Loan-Words in Indonesian and Malay |last=Jones|first=Russell|year=2007 |publisher=Yayasan Pustaka Obor Indonesia|isbn=9786024331740}}&lt;/ref&gt; Indonesia abandoned the spelling ''dj'' {{IPAblink|dʒ}} to conform to the ''j'' already in use in Malaysia, while the old Indonesian ''j'' for the semivowel {{IPAblink|j}} was replaced with ''y'' as in Malaysia. Likewise, the [[Voiceless velar fricative|velar fricative]] {{IPAblink|x}} which occurs in many Arabic loanwords, which used to be written 'ch' in Indonesian, became ''kh'' in both languages.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jones loan words&quot; /&gt; However, ''oe'' was retained in some proper names, such as the name of the former vice-president, [[Boediono]] or former minister [[Mohammad Roem]]. The ''ch'' and ''dj'' letter combinations are still encountered in names such as ''Achmad'' and ''Djojo'' (pronounced as ''Akhmad'' and ''Joyo'' respectively), although the post-1972 spelling is now favoured.<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |+Indonesian-Malaysian Spelling Comparison<br /> !IPA<br /> !Malaysian<br /> Old Spelling<br /> !Indonesian <br /> Old Spelling<br /> !Indonesian-Malaysian<br /> Post-1972 Spelling<br /> |-<br /> |/ə/<br /> |ă, ĕ<br /> |ē<br /> |e<br /> |-<br /> |/e/<br /> |e<br /> |e<br /> |e<br /> |-<br /> |/ɛ/<br /> |<br /> |é<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |/tʃ/<br /> |ch<br /> |tj<br /> |c<br /> |-<br /> |/dˤ/<br /> |dh<br /> |<br /> |d<br /> |-<br /> |/dʒ/<br /> |j<br /> |dj<br /> |j<br /> |-<br /> |/x/<br /> |kh<br /> |ch<br /> |kh<br /> |-<br /> |/ɲ/<br /> |ny<br /> |nj<br /> |ny<br /> |-<br /> |/zˤ/<br /> |dz<br /> |<br /> |z<br /> |-<br /> |/ʃ/<br /> |sh<br /> |sj<br /> |sy<br /> |-<br /> |/θ/<br /> |th<br /> |<br /> |s<br /> |-<br /> |/u/<br /> |u<br /> |oe<br /> |u<br /> |-<br /> |/j/<br /> |y<br /> |j<br /> |y<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === Punctuation ===<br /> One notable difference in [[punctuation]] between the two languages is the use of different [[decimal mark]]s; Indonesian, influenced by Dutch, uses the [[decimal comma#Countries using Arabic numerals with decimal comma|decimal comma]],&lt;ref&gt;[http://nasional.kompas.com/read/2013/06/14/21044791/Istri.Djoko.Disebut.Beli.Rumah.Rp.7.1.Miliar Istri Djoko Disebut Beli Rumah Rp 7,1 Miliar], ''[[Kompas]]'', 14 June 2013&lt;/ref&gt; whereas Malay, influenced by English, uses the [[decimal comma#Countries using Arabic numerals with decimal point|decimal point]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.utusan.com.my/utusan/Ekonomi/20130606/ek_05/58-IBO-berpotensi-jana-RM1.9b 58 IBO berpotensi jana RM1.9b], ''[[Utusan Melayu]]'', 6 June 2013&lt;/ref&gt; A glossary of [[Information Technology]] terminology, available in English, Indonesian, and Malay, was published to facilitate the comparison and comprehension of language variations among individuals in Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, and Brunei who are seeking assistance and information online.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.amazon.in/Glossary-Computer-Terms-English-Indonesian-Malay-Gunarto-ebook/dp/B0BX633QV4/ref=monarch_sidesheet |title=Glossary of IT and Computer Terms: English-Indonesian-Malay |publisher=Kindle KDP Amazon Publishing, 2023, [[Hary Gunarto]]|access-date=October 7, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Pronunciation==<br /> <br /> Pronunciation also tends to be very different, with East Malaysia, Standard Singapore, and Indonesia pronouncing words in a form called ''Bahasa Baku'',&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MKdMDgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA6|title=A grammar of Papuan Malay|last=Kluge|first=Angela|date=8 July 2016|publisher=Language Science Press|isbn=9783944675862}}&lt;/ref&gt; where the words are pronounced as spelled.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Dw-YBwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA230|title=Pidgins, Creoles and Mixed Languages: An Introduction|last=Velupillai|first=Viveka|date=15 April 2015|publisher=John Benjamins Publishing Company|isbn=9789027268846}}&lt;/ref&gt; Moreover, enunciation tends to be clipped, staccato and faster than on the Malay Peninsula, which is spoken at a more languorous pace. Many vowels are pronounced (and were formerly spelt) differently in Peninsular Malaysia, Colloquial Singapore, and Riau Sumatra: ''{{lang|zsm|tujuh}}'' is pronounced (and was spelt) ''{{lang|zsm|tujoh}}'', ''{{lang|zsm|pilih}}'' as ''{{lang|zsm|pileh}}'', etc., and many final ''a'''s tend to be pronounced as [[schwa]]s; {{IPA|[e]}} and {{IPA|[o]}} are also allophones of {{IPA|/i/}} and {{IPA|/u/}} in closed final syllables in peninsular Malaysian, Colloquial Singaporean and Riau Sumatran varieties of Malay; These pronunciation rules is known as [[Johor]]-[[Riau]] pronunciation.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uyY6HJYcEKYC&amp;pg=PA209|title=Status Change of Languages|last1=Ammon|first1=Ulrich|last2=Hellinger|first2=Marlis|date=1992|publisher=Walter de Gruyter|isbn=9783110126686}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gPekCgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT82|title=Early History of Penang (Penerbit USM)|last=Salleh|editor-first=Muhammad |editor-last=Haji|date=27 August 2015|publisher=Penerbit USM|isbn=9789838616577}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; <br /> |+Comparison of several standard pronunciations of Malay&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last=Abu Bakar |first=Mukhlis |date=2019-12-18 |title=Sebutan Johor-Riau dan Sebutan Baku dalam Konteks Identiti Masyarakat Melayu Singapura |url=http://publisher.unimas.my/ojs/index.php/ILS/article/view/1521 |journal=Issues in Language Studies |volume=8 |issue=2 |doi=10.33736/ils.1521.2019 |s2cid=213343934 |issn=2180-2726|doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> !<br /> ! style=text-align:center | Example<br /> ! style=text-align:center | ''Johor-Riau'' (''Piawai'')<br /> Pronunciation<br /> ! style=text-align:center | Northern Peninsular<br /> Pronunciation<br /> ! style=text-align:center| ''Baku'' &amp; Indonesian<br /> Pronunciation<br /> |-<br /> |⟨a⟩ in final open syllable <br /> |style=text-align:center | ⟨keret'''a'''⟩<br /> |style=text-align:center | /ə/<br /> |style=text-align:center | /a/<br /> |style=text-align:center | /a/<br /> |-<br /> |⟨i⟩ in final closed syllable with final ⟨n⟩ and ⟨ng⟩ <br /> |style=text-align:center | ⟨kamb'''i'''ng⟩<br /> |style=text-align:center | /e/<br /> |style=text-align:center | /i/<br /> |style=text-align:center | /i/<br /> |-<br /> |⟨i⟩ in final closed syllable with other final consonants <br /> |style=text-align:center | ⟨it'''i'''k⟩<br /> |style=text-align:center | /e/<br /> |style=text-align:center | /e/<br /> |style=text-align:center | /i/<br /> |-<br /> |⟨u⟩ in final closed syllable with final ⟨n⟩ and ⟨ng⟩ <br /> |style=text-align:center | ⟨tah'''u'''n⟩<br /> |style=text-align:center | /o/<br /> |style=text-align:center | /u/<br /> |style=text-align:center | /u/<br /> |-<br /> |⟨u⟩ in final closed syllable with other final consonants <br /> |style=text-align:center | ⟨lump'''u'''r⟩<br /> |style=text-align:center | /o/<br /> |style=text-align:center | /o/<br /> |style=text-align:center | /u/<br /> |-<br /> |final ⟨r⟩<br /> |style=text-align:center | ⟨lumpu'''r'''⟩<br /> |style=text-align:center | silent<br /> |style=text-align:center | /r/<br /> |style=text-align:center | /r/<br /> |}<br /> <br /> The names for Latin letters are also of different origins, Indonesian names are from Dutch, while Malaysian Malay names are from English (see [[Malay alphabet|Malay-Indonesian alphabet]]).<br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> ! width=&quot;30%&quot; | Word<br /> ! width=&quot;35%&quot; | (Malaysian) Malay<br /> ! width=&quot;35%&quot; | Indonesian <br /> |-<br /> | ABC || {{IPA-ms|/e/./bi/./si/|}} || {{IPA-id|/a/./be/./t͡ʃe/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[Automated teller machine|ATM]] || {{IPA-ms|/e/./ti/./em/|}} || {{IPA-id|/a/./te/./em/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[A minor]] || {{IPA-ms|/e/ maj.nə|}} || {{IPA-id|/a/ mi.nor|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[Bunga Citra Lestari|BCL]] || {{IPA-ms|/bi/./si/./el/|}} || {{IPA-id|/be/./t͡ʃe/./el/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[BMW]] || {{IPA-ms|/bi/./em/./dabəlˈju/|}} || {{IPA-id|/be/./em/./we/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[COD (disambiguation)|COD]] || {{IPA-ms|/si/./o/./di/|}} || {{IPA-id|/t͡ʃe/./o/./de/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[DNA]] || {{IPA-ms|/di/./en/./e/|}} || {{IPA-id|/de/./en/./a/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[E minor]] || {{IPA-ms|/i/ maj.nə|}} || {{IPA-id|/e/ mi.nor|}}<br /> |-<br /> | generasi || {{IPA-ms|d͡ʒə.nə.ra.si|}} || {{IPA-id|ɡe.nə.ra.si|}}<br /> |-<br /> | ghaib (ms), gaib (id) || {{IPA-ms|ɣɑ.ib|}} || {{IPA-id|ga.ib|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[High-definition television|HD]] || {{IPA-ms|/het͡ʃ/./di/|}} || {{IPA-id|/ha/./de/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[HDMI]] || {{IPA-ms|/het͡ʃ/./di/./em/./aj/|}} || {{IPA-id|/ha/./de/./em/./i/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[HIV]] || {{IPA-ms|/het͡ʃ/./aj/./vi/|}} || {{IPA-id|/ha/./i/./fe/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[HRD (disambiguation)|HRD]] || {{IPA-ms|/het͡ʃ/./a:/./di/|}} || {{IPA-id|/ha/./er/./de/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | idea (ms), ide (id) || {{IPA-ms|aj.di.jə|}} || {{IPA-id|i.de|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[IMF]] || {{IPA-ms|/aj/./em/./ef/|}} || {{IPA-id|/i/./em/./ef/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | Ireland (ms), Irlandia (id) || {{IPA-ms|ˈaɪə.lənd|}} || {{IPA-id|ir.lan.di.ja|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[Bandung Institute of Technology|ITB]]<br /> | {{IPA-ms|/aj/./ti/./bi/|}} || {{IPA-id|/i/./te/./be/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[Kereta Cepat Indonesia China|KCIC]]<br /> | {{IPA-ms|/ke/./si/./aj/./si/|}} || {{IPA-id|/ka/./t͡ʃe/./i/./t͡ʃe/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[KLIA]] || {{IPA-ms|/ke/./el/./aj/./e/|}} || {{IPA-id|/ka/./el/./i/./a/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | koir (ms), kor (id) || {{IPA-ms|kwa.jər|}} || {{IPA-id|kor|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[LGBT]] || {{IPA-ms|/el/./d͡ʒi/./bi/./ti/|}} || {{IPA-id|/el/./ge/./be/./te/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[Malaysia]] || {{IPA-ms|mə.le.sjə|}} || {{IPA-id|ma.laj.siʲa|}} <br /> |-<br /> | November || {{IPA-ms|no.vɛm.bər|}} || {{IPA-id|no.fɛm.bər|}}<br /> |-<br /> | protein || {{IPA-ms|pro.tin|}} || {{IPA-id|pro.te.in|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[Radio Televisyen Malaysia|RTM]] || {{IPA-ms|/a:/./ti/./em/|}} || {{IPA-id|/er/./te/./em/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[RCTI]] || {{IPA-ms|/a:/./si/./ti/./aj/|}} || {{IPA-id|/er/./t͡ʃe/./te/./i/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[SCTV (TV network)]] || {{IPA-ms|/es/./si/./ti/./vi/|}} || {{IPA-id|/es/./t͡ʃe/./te/./fe/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission|SPRM]] || {{IPA-ms|/es/./pi/./a:/./em/|}} || {{IPA-id|/es/./pe/./er/./em/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | spesies || {{IPA-ms|spe.sis|}} || {{IPA-id|spe.si.jɛs|}}<br /> |-<br /> | teknologi || {{IPA-ms|tɛk.no.lo.d͡ʒi|}} || {{IPA-id|tɛk.no.lo.ɡi|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[TVRI]] || {{IPA-ms|/ti/./vi/./a:/./aj/|}} || {{IPA-id|/te/./fe/./er/./i/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | Ukraine (ms), Ukraina (id) || {{IPA-ms|ju.kren|}} || {{IPA-id|u.kraj.na|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[UNHCR]] || {{IPA-ms|/ju/./en/./het͡ʃ/./si/./a:/|}} || {{IPA-id|/u/./en/./ha/./t͡ʃe/./er/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[University of Technology Malaysia|UTM]]<br /> | {{IPA-ms|/ju/./ti/./em/|}} || {{IPA-id|/u/./te/./em/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[WFH]] || {{IPA-ms|/dabəlˈju/./ef/./het͡ʃ/|}} || {{IPA-id|/we/./ef/./ha/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[WHO]] || {{IPA-ms|/dabəlˈju/./het͡ʃ/./o/|}} || {{IPA-id|/we/./ha/./o/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[WWW]] || {{IPA-ms|/dabəlˈju/./dabəlˈju/./dabəlˈju/|}} || {{IPA-id|/we/./we/./we/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | xilem || {{IPA-ms|zi.ləm|}} || {{IPA-id|si.ləm|}}<br /> |-<br /> | xilofon || {{IPA-ms|zi.lo.fon|}} || {{IPA-id|si.lo.fon|}}<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Syllabification==<br /> <br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> ! width=&quot;30%&quot; | Word<br /> ! width=&quot;35%&quot; | (Malaysian) Malay syllabification<br /> ! width=&quot;35%&quot; | Indonesian syllabification<br /> |-<br /> | problem || {{lang|zsm|mas.a.lah}} || {{lang|id|ma.sa.lah}}<br /> |-<br /> | start || {{lang|zsm|mu.la.i}} || {{lang|id|mu.lai}}<br /> |-<br /> | weather || {{lang|zsm|cua.ca}} || {{lang|id|cu.a.ca}}<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Vocabulary ==<br /> {{Wiktionary|Appendix:Indonesian–Standard Malay relations}}<br /> <br /> === Word derivation and compounds ===<br /> Indonesian and (Standard Malaysian) Malay have similar derivation and compounds rule. However, there is difference on quasi-past participle or participle-like adjective when attached to a noun or verb. (Standard Malaysian) Malay uses prefix ''ber-'' to denote such, while Indonesian uses prefix ''ter-'' to do so. It is important to note that prefix ber- can denote several other meanings.<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |+<br /> ! width=&quot;20%&quot;|English<br /> ! width=&quot;40%&quot;|(Malaysian) Malay<br /> ! width=&quot;40%&quot;|Indonesian<br /> |-<br /> |'''registered''' &lt;small&gt;(having had one's name added to an official list or entered into a register)&lt;/small&gt;<br /> |'''''&lt;u&gt;ber&lt;/u&gt;'''daftar''<br /> |'''''&lt;u&gt;ter&lt;/u&gt;'''daftar''<br /> |-<br /> |'''local'''<br /> |''tempat'''&lt;u&gt;an&lt;/u&gt;'''''<br /> |'''''&lt;u&gt;se&lt;/u&gt;'''tempat''<br /> |-<br /> |'''honorable'''<br /> |'''''&lt;u&gt;ber&lt;/u&gt;'''hormat''<br /> |'''''&lt;u&gt;ter&lt;/u&gt;'''hormat''<br /> |-<br /> |'''written''' &lt;small&gt;(having been written)&lt;/small&gt;<br /> |'''''&lt;u&gt;ber&lt;/u&gt;'''tulis''<br /> |'''''&lt;u&gt;ter&lt;/u&gt;'''tulis''<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === Loanword source differences ===<br /> {{More citations needed section|date=February 2024}}<br /> Indonesian and Malaysian Malay both differ in the forms of loanwords used due to division of the Malay Archipelago by the Dutch and the British and their long-lasting colonial influences, as a consequence of the [[Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824]]: Indonesian absorbed primarily Dutch loanwords whereas Malaysian Malay absorbed primarily English words. Pronunciation of certain loanwords in Malaysian Malay follows English, while in Indonesian it follows Dutch, for example Malay &quot;{{lang|zsm|televisyen}}&quot; (from English: television) and Indonesian &quot;{{lang|id|televisi}}&quot; (from Dutch: ''{{lang|nl|televisie}}''); the &quot;-syen&quot; and &quot;-si&quot; also prevail in some other words, though &quot;-si&quot; has become more preferred in Malay of late.{{cn|date=February 2024}}<br /> <br /> Malaysian Malay has also experienced significant conservative pushback as precedent entities that existed within the British sphere made efforts to create words that would fit naturally foreign ideas of governance and thought through a Malay-oriented context. The Pakatan Belajar Mengajar Pengetahuan Bahasa in [[Johore]] headed by [[Abdul Rahman Andak]] during the 19th century was especially important in introducing [[neologism]]s like ''pejabat'' (&quot;office&quot;, cf. Indonesian ''kantor'' from {{lang|nl|kantoor}}) and ''setiausaha'' (&quot;secretary&quot;, cf. Indo ''sekretaris'' from {{lang-nl|secretaris}}) into the Malay lexicon.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Sejarah Perancangan Bahasa Melayu di Negeri Johor|last=Amat Juhari Moain|publisher=[[Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka]]|year=2009|isbn=9789836297914|location=[[Kuala Lumpur]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; For example, the word for 'post office' in Malaysia is &quot;{{lang|zsm|pejabat pos}}&quot; (in Indonesia this means 'post officer'), whereas in Indonesia it is &quot;{{lang|id|kantor pos}}&quot;.<br /> <br /> There are also some [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] influences: in Indonesia, Christmas is known as &quot;{{lang|id|Natal}}&quot;, whereas Malaysia uses both &quot;Natal&quot; and &quot;{{lang|zsm|Krismas}}&quot;, the latter derived from English. There are also instances where the Malaysian Malay version derives from English pronunciation while the Indonesian version takes its cue from [[Latin]]. The Latin preference of the (older) Indonesian intellectuals in these instances may be ascribed to the influence of their classical-oriented education when [[Gymnasium (school)|''Gymnasium'']] schools were established during the Dutch colonial period: compare Malaysian Malay ''{{lang|zsm|kualiti}}'', ''{{lang|zsm|kuantiti}}'', ''{{lang|zsm|majoriti}}'', ''{{lang|zsm|minoriti}}'' and ''{{lang|zsm|universiti}}'' with Indonesian ''{{lang|id|kualitas}}'', ''{{lang|id|kuantitas}}'', ''{{lang|id|mayoritas}}'', ''{{lang|id|minoritas}}'' and ''{{lang|id|universitas}}''.{{cn|date=February 2024}}<br /> <br /> Some words which are spelt the same in both languages may even carry entirely different meanings in the other language, potentially leading to humorous or embarrassing situations: while ''{{lang|id|baja}}'' means &quot;steel&quot; in Indonesian,&lt;ref&gt;[https://kbbi.web.id/baja Arti kata baja]. [[Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia]]. Retrieved 23 April 2024&lt;/ref&gt; in Malaysian Malay it means &quot;fertiliser&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;[https://prpm.dbp.gov.my/cari1?keyword=baja Definisi baja]. [[Kamus Dewan]]. Retrieved 23 April 2024&lt;/ref&gt; Also, whereas the Indonesian word ''{{lang|id|butuh}}'' (from [[Sundanese language|Sundanese]] ᮘᮥᮒᮥᮂ butuh) means &quot;require&quot; or &quot;need&quot;,&lt;ref&gt;[https://kbbi.web.id/butuh Arti kata butuh]. Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia. Retrieved 23 April 2024&lt;/ref&gt; in Malay, it is a vulgar slang term referring to male genitalia.&lt;ref&gt;[https://prpm.dbp.gov.my/cari1?keyword=butuh Definisi butuh]. Kamus Dewan. Retrieved 23 April 2024&lt;/ref&gt; Conversely, where the word &quot;{{lang|zsm|banci}}&quot; seems innocuous enough in Malaysia (&quot;census&quot;),&lt;ref&gt;[https://prpm.dbp.gov.my/cari1?keyword=banci Definisi banci]. Kamus Dewan. Retrieved 23 April 2024&lt;/ref&gt; in Indonesia it is a derogatory term for &quot;transvestite&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;[https://kbbi.web.id/banci Arti kata banci]. Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia. Retrieved 23 April 2024&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The relatively large share of Islamic (Arabic or Persian) loan words shared by Malaysian Malay and Indonesian often poses no difficulty in comprehension and usage, although some forms may have developed a (slightly) different meaning or have become obsolete either in Malaysian Malay or in Indonesian, e.g. ''{{lang|zsm|khidmat}}'', ''{{lang|zsm|wakil}}''.{{cn|date=February 2024}}<br /> <br /> === English loanwords ===<br /> One of the most important aspect in differences between Malay (Malaysian and Brunei) and Indonesian is the degree of influence from English. Apart from being heavily influenced by the Dutch language, the Indonesian language also adopted a significant number of English loanwords in its vocabulary, although English did not play significant role on the Indonesian language and in fact most of these vocabulary are of Dutch origin – Dutch and English share a similar [[Germanic languages|Germanic origin]], and Dutch has also borrowed from [[Latin]], although to a lesser extent than English. There have been many changes in Indonesian as a result of its historical development. Words have been freely borrowed from English and only partly assimilated, in many cases, to the Indonesian patterns of structure.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Indonesian reference grammar|page=2|author=Roderick Ross Macdonald |isbn=9780878401635 |year= 1976 |publisher=Georgetown University Press|location=Georgetown, USA}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> By the late 1970s, English words began pouring into the language, leading one commentator, writing in 1977, to refer to the &quot;trend towards Indo-Saxonization&quot;,&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=sYUbAAAAIAAJ&amp;q=%22Indo-Saxonization%22 ''The Indonesian Quarterly''], Yayasan Proklamasi, [[Centre for Strategic and International Studies]], 1977 Volume 5, Issues 1–3, page 76&lt;/ref&gt; known in Indonesian as ''{{lang|id|pengindosaksonan}}''. Many loanwords from English sometimes fulfill no communicative need, expressing concepts adequately covered by existing words. Among the examples are: ''{{lang|id|akurat}}'' instead of ''{{lang|id|tepat}}'' (accurate, Dutch {{lang|nl|accuraat}}), ''{{lang|id|aliansi}}'' in the place of ''{{lang|id|sekutu}}'' (alliance, Dutch {{lang|nl|alliantie}}), ''{{lang|id|eksis}}'' rather than ''{{lang|id|ada}}'' (exist), ''{{lang|id|kandidat}}'' as well as ''{{lang|id|calon}}'' (candidate, Dutch {{lang|nl|kandidaat}}), ''{{lang|id|konklusi}}'' instead of ''{{lang|id|kesimpulan}}'' (conclusion, Dutch {{lang|nl|conclusie}}), ''{{lang|id|kontaminasi}}'' in the place of ''{{lang|id|pencemaran}}'' (contamination, Dutch {{lang|nl|contaminatie}}), ''{{lang|id|opini}}'' rather than ''{{lang|id|pendapat}}'' (opinion, Dutch {{lang|nl|opinie}}) and ''{{lang|id|opsi}}'' in the place of ''{{lang|id|pilihan}}'' (option, Dutch {{lang|nl|optie}}).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=A Study of the Evolution of the Malay Language: Social Change and Cognitive Development|page=14 |author=Seong Chee Tham|isbn= 978-9971691363|year=1991|publisher=Singapore University Press|location=Singapore}}&lt;/ref&gt; However, these ''{{lang|id|pengindosaksonan}}'' is not directly borrowed from English, but through their cognates in Dutch pronunciations as ''{{lang|id|<br /> Pedoman Umum Pembentukan Istilah}}'' is heavily influenced by Dutch cognates.<br /> <br /> === Social and cultural differences ===<br /> Lexical items that reflect separate social and cultural development.<br /> <br /> ==== Education ====<br /> Indonesia has a more uniform nationwide system of terms than does Malaysia. ''Public school'' (a publicly funded and administered school) is known as ''sekolah negeri'' in Indonesian and ''sekolah kebangsaan'' in Malaysia. Meanwhile, ''sekolah tinggi'' is translation of [[high school]] in Malaysia (similar to English usage), while it refers to [[university college]] in Indonesia (similar to Flanders Dutch ''hogeschool''). <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |+School Years for Academic/General School System in Standard Malay and Indonesian<br /> !Age Range<br /> !Malaysian Malay<br /> !Singaporean Malay<br /> !Brunei Malay<br /> !Indonesian<br /> |-<br /> |1-4<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |3-5<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |'''Sekolah Rendah'''<br /> |'''Sekolah Rendah'''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |5-6<br /> |Darjah 1 (Satu)<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |6-7<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Darjah 2 (Dua)<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |<br /> |'''Sekolah Rendah'''<br /> |'''Sekolah Dasar (SD)'''<br /> |-<br /> |Tahun 1 (Satu)<br /> |Kelas 1 (Satu)<br /> |-<br /> |7-8<br /> |Darjah 3 (Tiga)<br /> |<br /> |Tahun 2 (Dua)<br /> |Kelas 2 (Dua)<br /> |-<br /> |8-9<br /> |Darjah 4 (Empat)<br /> |<br /> |Tahun 3 (Tiga)<br /> |Kelas 3 (Tiga)<br /> |-<br /> |9-10<br /> |Darjah 5 (Lima)<br /> |<br /> |Tahun 4 (Empat)<br /> |Kelas 4 (Empat)<br /> |-<br /> |10-11<br /> |Darjah 6 (Enam)<br /> |<br /> |Tahun 5 (Lima)<br /> |Kelas 5 (Lima)<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |11-12<br /> |'''Sekolah Menengah'''<br /> |'''Sekolah Menengah'''<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Tahun 6 (Enam)<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Kelas 6 (Enam)<br /> |-<br /> |Tingkatan 1 (Satu)<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |12-13<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Tingkatan 2 (Dua)<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |<br /> |'''Sekolah Menengah'''<br /> |'''Sekolah Menengah Pertama (SMP)'''<br /> |-<br /> |Tahun 7 (Tujuh)<br /> |Kelas 7 (Tujuh)<br /> |-<br /> |13-14<br /> |Tingkatan 3 (Tiga)<br /> |<br /> |Tahun 8 (Lapan)<br /> |Kelas 8 (Delapan)<br /> |-<br /> |14-15<br /> |Tingkatan 4 (Empat)<br /> |<br /> |Tahun 9 (Sembilan)<br /> |Kelas 9 (Sembilan)<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |15-16<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Tingkatan 5 (Lima)<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Tahun 10 (Sepuluh)<br /> |'''Sekolah Menengah Atas (SMA)'''<br /> |-<br /> |Kelas 10 (Sepuluh)<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |16-17<br /> |'''Kolej Tingkatan Enam''' <br /> '''Kolej Matrikulasi'''<br /> |'''Maktab Rendah'''<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Tahun 11 (Sebelas)<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Kelas 11 (Sebelas)<br /> |-<br /> |Tingkatan 6 (Enam) Bawah<br /> Matrikulasi<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |17-18<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Tingkatan 6 (Enam) Atas<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |<br /> |'''Prauniversiti'''<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Kelas 12 (Duabelas)<br /> |-<br /> |Tahun 12 (Duabelas)<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> | colspan=&quot;4&quot; |'''Tertiary Education'''<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Convergence and divergence ==<br /> The rift of evolution between the two languages is based more on political nuance and the history of their formation than on cultural reasons. As a result, views regarding each other's languages differ amongst Malaysians and Indonesians. In Malaysia, the national language is Malay; in Indonesia, it is Indonesian. Malaysians tend to assert that Malay and Indonesian are merely different varieties of the same language, while Indonesians tend to treat them as separate – albeit closely related – languages. The result of this attitude is that the Indonesians feel little need to synchronize their language with Malaysia, Singapore and Brunei, whereas the Malaysians are keener to coordinate the evolution of the language with the Indonesians.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.yawningbread.org/arch_2005/yax-455.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304060400/http://www.yawningbread.org/arch_2005/yax-455.htm|archive-date=4 March 2016|title=Who is Malay?|date=July 2005}}&lt;/ref&gt; However, both parties have realized that communication benefits from mutually comprehensible and intelligible languages, which motivated efforts to synchronize the languages' development. The effort to synchronize both languages' evolution to increase their mutual intelligibility has been embarked by imposing standard [[rules of language]]. This process is headed by [[Language Development and Fostering Agency|Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa]] on the Indonesian side and [[Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka]] as its Malaysian counterpart through [[Majlis Bahasa Brunei-Indonesia-Malaysia]] (MABBIM). Authorities in both Brunei and Singapore generally abide by the Malaysian standard in disputes.{{cn|date=February 2024}} Although, MABBIM is not working properly which reflects Indonesian attitude of little need to synchronize their language.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Amin |first=Manzaidi Mohd |date=2022-04-21 |title=Terima hakikat negara jiran tolak penggunaan bahasa Melayu bahasa pengantar - MPN |trans-title=Accept the fact that neighboring countries reject the use of Malay as the medium of instruction - MPN |url=https://malaysiagazette.com/2022/04/21/terima-hakikat-negara-jiran-tolak-penggunaan-bahasa-melayu-bahasa-pengantar-mpn/ |url-status=live |access-date=2024-06-07 |work=Malaysia Gazette}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Indonesia akan tolak selagi Malaysia guna istilah 'Bahasa Melayu' |trans-title=Indonesia will reject as long as Malaysia uses the term 'Malay' |url=https://www.astroawani.com/berita-malaysia/indonesia-akan-tolak-selagi-malaysia-guna-istilah-bahasa-melayu-357992 |url-status=live |work=Astro Awani}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Example ==<br /> '''Original text in Indonesian''':&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.antaranews.com/berita/261056/draghi-krisis-zona-euro-berisiko-sistemik Antara News – Draghi: Krisis Zona Euro Berisiko &quot;Sistemik&quot;]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> :{{lang|id|Apabila peraturan}} '''''{{lang|id|pakta stabilitas Eropa}}''''' {{lang|id|dihormati sampai ke}} '''''{{lang|id|detail}}'''''{{lang|id|nya}}, '''''{{lang|id|rasio utang publik}}''''' ''{{lang|id|dibanding}}'' '''''{{lang|id|produk domestik bruto}}''''' {{lang|id|pada}} {{lang|id|hari}} {{lang|id|krisis akan berada di}} '''''{{lang|id|posisi}}''''' {{lang|id|10}} '''''{{lang|id|persentase poin}}''''' {{lang|id|kurang dalam}} '''''{{lang|id|zona}}''''' {{lang|id|euro, katanya}}.<br /> <br /> '''In Malay (Malaysian and Brunei)''':<br /> :{{lang|zsm|Jika peraturan}} '''''{{lang|zsm|pakatan kestabilan Eropah}}''''' {{lang|zsm|dihormati secara ter}}'''{{lang|zsm|perinci}}''', '''''{{lang|zsm|nisbah hutang awam}}''''' ''{{lang|zsm|berbanding}}'' '''''{{lang|zsm|keluaran dalam negara kasar}}''''' {{lang|zsm|pada}} {{lang|zsm|zaman}} {{lang|zsm|krisis akan berada di}} '''''{{lang|zsm|kedudukan}}''''' 10 '''''{{lang|zsm|mata peratusan}}''''' {{lang|zsm|kurang dalam}} '''''{{lang|zsm|zon}}''''' {{lang|zsm|euro, kata beliau}}.<br /> <br /> '''In English''':<br /> :If the '''''European stability pact''''' rules had been respected in '''''detail''''', the '''''ratio of public debt''''' ''to'' '''''gross domestic product''''' on the '''days''' of crisis would have been at the '''''position''''' 10 '''''percentage points''''' less in the euro'''''zone''''', he said.<br /> The following texts are excerpts from the official translations of the [[Universal Declaration of Human Rights]] in Indonesian and Malay (Malaysian and Brunei), along with the original declaration in English.<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |+<br /> ![[Indonesian language|Indonesian]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Pernyataan Umum tentang Hak-Hak Asasi Manusia |trans-title=Universal Declaration of Human Rights |url=https://www.ohchr.org/en/human-rights/universal-declaration/translations/indonesian |access-date=2024-06-07 |website=OHCHR}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> !Malay (Malaysia and Brunei)&lt;ref name=&quot;:21&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Perisytiharan Hak Asasi Manusia Sejagat |trans-title=Universal Declaration of Human Rights |url=http://www.ohchr.org/EN/UDHR/Pages/Language.aspx?LangID=mli |website=OHCHR |language=ms}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> !English&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Universal Declaration of Human Rights: English |url=http://www.ohchr.org/EN/UDHR/Pages/Language.aspx?LangID=eng |website=OHCHR}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |- style=&quot;vertical-align: top;&quot;<br /> | lang=&quot;id&quot; |Maka,<br /> Majelis Umum memproklamasikan<br /> <br /> '''PERNYATAAN UMUM TENTANG HAK ASASI MANUSIA''' sebagai satu standar umum keberhasilan untuk semua bangsa dan negara, dengan tujuan agar setiap orang dan setiap badan dalam masyarakat dengan senantiasa mengingat Pernyataan ini, akan berusaha dengan jalan mengajar dan mendidik untuk menggalakkan penghargaan terhadap hak-hak dan kebebasan-kebebasan tersebut, dan dengan jalan tindakan-tindakan progresif yang bersifat nasional maupun internasional, menjamin pengakuan dan penghormatannya secara universal dan efektif, baik oleh bangsa-bangsa dari negara anggota sendiri maupun oleh bangsa-bangsa dari daerah-daerah yang berada di bawah kekuasaan hukum mereka.<br /> <br /> '''Pasal 1''' Semua orang dilahirkan merdeka dan mempunyai martabat dan hak-hak yang sama. Mereka dikaruniai akal dan hati nurani dan hendaknya bergaul satu sama lain dalam semangat persaudaraan.<br /> | lang=&quot;zsm&quot; |Maka dengan ini,<br /> Perhimpunan Agung mengisytiharkan<br /> <br /> '''PERISYTIHARAN SEJAGAT HAK ASASI MANUSIA''' ini sebagai suatu ukuran bersama terhadap pencapaian oleh seluruh umat manusia dan kesemua negara dengan tujuan supaya setiap individu dan setiap badan masyarakat, dengan sentiasa mengingati Perisytiharan ini, hendaklah berazam melalui pengajaran dan pendidikan bagi memajukan sanjungan terhadap seluruh hak-hak dan kebebasan ini dan secara langkah-langkah berperingkat-peringkat, di bidang negara dan antarabangsa, bagi menjaminkan pengkitirafan dan pematuhan sejagatnya yang berkesan, kedua-duanya di antara negara-negara anggota masing-masing dan rakyat wilayah-wilayah di bawah bidang kuasa mereka.<br /> <br /> '''Perkara 1''' Semua manusia dilahirkan bebas dan samarata dari segi kemuliaan dan hak-hak. Mereka mempunyai pemikiran dan perasaan hati dan hendaklah bertindak di antara satu sama lain dengan semangat persaudaraan<br /> | lang=&quot;en&quot; |Now, therefore,<br /> The General Assembly proclaims<br /> <br /> This '''UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS''' as a common standard of achievement for all peoples and all nations, to the end that every individual and every organ of society, keeping this Declaration constantly in mind, shall strive by teaching and education to promote respect for these rights and freedoms and by progressive measures, national and international, to secure their universal and effective recognition and observance, both among the peoples of Member States themselves and among the peoples of territories under their jurisdiction.<br /> <br /> '''Article 1''' All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[Majlis Bahasa Brunei-Indonesia-Malaysia]]<br /> * [[Malay orthography|Malay-Indonesian orthography]]<br /> * [[Malay grammar|Malay-Indonesian grammar]]<br /> * [[Indonesian orthography]]<br /> * [[Indonesian slang]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * {{cite journal |first=Asmah |last=Haji Omar |title=The Malay Spelling Reform |journal=Journal of the Simplified Spelling Society |year=1989 |pages=9–13 |url=http://www.spellingsociety.org/journals/j11/malay.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060927160151/http://www.spellingsociety.org/journals/j11/malay.php |archive-date=27 September 2006 |url-status=dead |access-date=2 November 2006 }}<br /> * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120530225650/http://badanbahasa.kemdiknas.go.id/kbbi/ Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia]. 2008. Pusat Bahasa, Departemen Pendidikan Nasional<br /> * {{cite web | author=Regina Pasys | title=Ternyata 4 Negara Ini Mempunya Bahasa yang Mirip dengan Bahasa Indonesia, Sudah Tahu?| publisher=Grid Kids| url=https://kids.grid.id/read/472255841/keren-ternyata-4-negara-ini-mempunya-bahasa-yang-mirip-dengan-bahasa-indonesia-sudah-tahu?page=all}}<br /> * [http://www.tufs.ac.jp/ts/personal/nomoto/ejaan.pdf Senarai komprehensif perbezaan ejaan Malaysia dan ejaan Indonesia], Hiroki Nomoto, Nahoko Yamashita, Ayano Osaka (orthographic differences between Standard Malay and Indonesian)<br /> * convection era [http://konveksibaju.id/]<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Comparison of Standard Malay and Indonesian}}<br /> [[Category:Malay language]]<br /> [[Category:Indonesian language]]<br /> [[Category:Language comparison]]<br /> [[Category:False friends]]<br /> [[Category:Indonesia–Malaysia relations]]</div> Xbypass https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Comparison_of_Indonesian_and_Standard_Malay&diff=1239055846 Comparison of Indonesian and Standard Malay 2024-08-07T03:34:14Z <p>Xbypass: /* Orthography */</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Linguistic comparison}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}<br /> {{Wiktionary|Appendix:Indonesian–Standard Malay relations}}<br /> <br /> [[Indonesian language|Indonesian]] and [[Malaysian Malay]] are two standardised varieties of the [[Malay language]], the former used officially in [[Indonesia]] (and in [[Timor Leste]] as a working language) and the latter in [[Brunei]], [[Malaysia]] and [[Singapore]]. Both varieties are generally [[mutual intelligibility|mutually intelligible]], yet there are noticeable differences in spelling, grammar, pronunciation and vocabulary, as well as the predominant source of loanwords.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OtWdhQ7vc6kC&amp;pg=PA71|title=The Austronesian Languages of Asia and Madagascar|last1=Adelaar|first1=K. Alexander|last2=Himmelmann|first2=Nikolaus|date=7 March 2013|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781136755095|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nEYsAwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA50|title=Indonesia-Malaysia Relations: Cultural Heritage, Politics and Labour Migration|last1=Clark|first1=Marshall|last2=Pietsch|first2=Juliet|date=26 March 2014|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781317808886|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZpnlOCB8htQC&amp;q=bahasa+melayu+indonesia+malaysia|title=Kesenjangan leksikal bahasa Melayu Malaysia dan bahasa Indonesia|last=Ahmad|first=Ibrahim|date=2011|publisher=Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka|isbn=9789834605209|language=ms}}&lt;/ref&gt; The differences can range from those mutually unintelligible with one another, to those having a closer familial resemblance. The regionalised and localised varieties of Malay can become a catalyst for intercultural conflict, especially in higher education.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |url=http://www.educ.utas.edu.au/users/tle/JOURNAL/issues/2007/22-1.pdf |title=The Reality of Bahasa Melayu and Bahasa Indonesia in Academia |author1=Hafriza Burhanudeen |author2=Nor Zakiah Abdul Hamid |author3=Norsimah Mat Awal |author4=Mohd Azlan Mis |publisher=Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia |journal=The International Journal of Language Society and Culture |access-date=9 July 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080726045845/http://www.educ.utas.edu.au/users/tle/JOURNAL/issues/2007/22-1.pdf |archive-date=26 July 2008 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4MBTBQAAQBAJ&amp;q=Malay+language+Indonesia|title=A Critical Survey of Studies on Malay and Bahasa Indonesia: Bibliographical|last=Teeuw|first=A.|date=17 April 2013|publisher=Springer Science &amp; Business Media|isbn=9789401187886|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ETXiBwAAQBAJ&amp;q=Indonesian+language+lingua+franca&amp;pg=PT154|title=Consequences of Contact: Language Ideologies and Sociocultural Transformations in Pacific Societies|last1=Makihara|first1=Miki|last2=Schieffelin|first2=Bambi B.|date=27 September 2007|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780190295936|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Perception==<br /> To non-native speakers the two varieties may seem identical, but to native speakers the differences are noticeable through both diction and accent. They affect the broadcasting industry with regard to foreign language subtitling, for example, in DVD movies and on cable TV. In order to reach a wider audience, both Indonesian and Malay subtitles are sometimes displayed in a movie, along with other language subtitles. Another example is Malaysian TV providing Malay subtitling on Indonesian [[sinetron]]s (TV dramas) aired in Malaysia&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://myindo.com/story/278.asp |title=The Wonderful World of Subtitling |author=Fairy Mahzan |publisher=MyIndo.com |access-date=9 July 2012 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130129104528/http://myindo.com/story/278.asp |archive-date=29 January 2013 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; and vice versa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://lifestyle.sindonews.com/read/1247171/158/hore-mnctv-tayangkan-film-terbaru-upin-ipin-1507640031|title=Hore, MNCTV Tayangkan Film Terbaru Upin Ipin|work=SINDOnews.com|access-date=14 February 2018|language=id-ID}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The Malay language in Indonesia and Malaysia also differs in recognition, where in Malaysia it enjoys status as the national language ([[Malaysian language]]),&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/malaysiainpictur0000dipi|url-access=registration|page=[https://archive.org/details/malaysiainpictur0000dipi/page/42 42]|title=Malaysia in Pictures|last=DiPiazza|first=Francesca|date=1 January 2006|publisher=Twenty-First Century Books|isbn=9780822526742|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; while in Indonesia it is considered a [[regional language]] in Malay-speaking areas such as the eastern coast of [[Sumatra]] and [[West Kalimantan]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gipLDwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA2|title=Bahasa Indonesia Kesehatan|last1=M.H.|first1=Wahyudi, S. Kep, Ns|last2=M.Pd|first2=Bivit Anggoro Prasetyo Nugroho, S. Pd|last3=M.Pd|first3=Dra Isnaeni Praptanti|publisher=Penerbit Andi|isbn=9789792963014|language=id}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zFKcQ8_dS00C&amp;q=Malay+regional+language+Sumatra+Kalimantan&amp;pg=PA1350|title=World and Its Peoples: Eastern and Southern Asia|date=2007|publisher=Marshall Cavendish|isbn=9780761476436|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The term &quot;Malay language&quot; (''Bahasa Melayu'') in Indonesia and Malaysia invites different perceptions from its respective people.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F3XvBbdWCKYC&amp;pg=PA335|title=Language and National Identity in Asia|last=Simpson|first=Andrew|date=30 August 2007|publisher=OUP Oxford|isbn=9780191533082|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; To Malaysians, the Malay language is generally understood as the [[national language]] of Malaysia, with Malaysian language (''Bahasa Malaysia)'' being a precise appellation for the Malay variety used in the country.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NCJiAgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA131|title=Language and Translation in Postcolonial Literatures: Multilingual Contexts, Translational Texts|last=Bertacco|first=Simona|date=17 December 2013|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781135136390|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Between 1986 and 2007, the term ''Bahasa Melayu'' was used instead of ''Bahasa Malaysia'', until the latter was reinstated, in order to instill a sense of belonging among Malaysians of all races, rather than just [[Malay people|Malays]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://blog.limkitsiang.com/2007/06/04/restoration-of-bahasa-malaysia-welcomed-but-why-the-sheepish-surreptitious-selective-announcement/ Bahasa Melayu becomes Bahasa Malaysia again], [[Lim Kit Siang]], 6 June 2007&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qGACL5YJRjEC&amp;pg=PA26|title=Language Conflict and National Development: Group Politics and National Language Policy in India|last=Dasgupta|first=Jyotirindra|date=1970|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=9780520015906|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Therefore, there was no clear distinction between the use of the term Malay (''Bahasa Melayu'') and the national language of Malaysia (''Bahasa Malaysia''). In Brunei, where Malay is also an official language, the language is known as ''Bahasa Melayu'' and in English as &quot;Malay&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;[http://bruneitimes.com.bn/art-culture/2010/08/04/perambahan-unique-feature-brunei-malay Perambahan: A unique feature of Brunei Malay] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706150357/http://bruneitimes.com.bn/art-culture/2010/08/04/perambahan-unique-feature-brunei-malay |date=6 July 2011 }}, ''[[Brunei Times]]'', 4 August 2010&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In Indonesia, however, there is a clear distinction between &quot;Malay language&quot; (''bahasa Melayu'') and &quot;Indonesian&quot; (''bahasa Indonesia''). Indonesian is the national language which serves as the [[Lingua franca|unifying language]] of Indonesia; despite being a standardized form of Malay, it is not referred to with the term &quot;Malay&quot; in common parlance.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KafIAwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA83|title=Language and Language-in-Education Planning in the Pacific Basin|last1=Kaplan|first1=R. B.|last2=Baldauf|first2=Richard B. Jr.|date=14 March 2013|publisher=Springer Science &amp; Business Media|isbn=9789401701457|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The term &quot;Malay&quot; is usually reserved for the forms of Malay indigenous to the Malay ethnic group (the national standardized language of Malaysia and the non-standard idioms of [[Malays (ethnic group)|Malay people]], including those used by [[Malay Indonesian]]s). Thus, &quot;Malay&quot; is considered a [[regional language]] (''bahasa daerah'') in Indonesia, enjoying the same status as [[Javanese language|Javanese]], [[Sundanese language|Sundanese]], [[Buginese language|Buginese]], [[Balinese language|Balinese]], [[Batak languages]] and others.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://labbineka.kemdikbud.go.id/bahasa/daftarbahasa|title=Daftar Bahasa-bahasa Daerah di Indonesia|website=labbineka.kemdikbud.go.id|access-date=24 October 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Moreover, to some Indonesians, the term &quot;Malay&quot; is more often associated with Malaysia and the Malaysian variety of Malay.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cA1PilUrW8gC&amp;pg=PA199|title=PELBBA 17: Pertemuan Linguistik Pusat Kajian Bahasa dan Budaya Atma Jaya Ketujuh Belas|date=2004|publisher=Yayasan Obor Indonesia|isbn=9789794615270|language=id}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In Malaysia, the terms &quot;Indonesian Malay&quot; and &quot;Malaysian Malay&quot; are sometimes used for Indonesian and Malay as spoken in Malaysia. In Indonesia, &quot;Indonesian Malay&quot; usually refers to the vernacular varieties of Malay spoken by the [[Malay Indonesian|Malay peoples of Indonesia]], that is, to Malay as a regional language in [[Sumatra]], though it is rarely used.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wiWguZzOToMC&amp;pg=PA25|title=Masyarakat Indonesia|last=Indonesia|first=Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan|year=1968|publisher=Yayasan Obor Indonesia|language=id}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Bahasa Malaysia'' and ''Bahasa Melayu'' are used interchangeably in reference to Malay in Malaysia.<br /> <br /> [[Malay language|Malay]] was designated as a national language by the Singaporean government after independence from Britain in the 1960s to avoid friction with Singapore's Malay-speaking neighbours of Malaysia and Indonesia.&lt;ref name=fromthirdworldtofirst&gt;{{cite book|title=From Third World to First|author=Lee Kuan Yew|year=2000|publisher=[[Marshall Cavendish]]|location=Singapore}}&lt;/ref&gt; It has a symbolic, rather than functional purpose.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CQgjrpgdU6gC&amp;pg=PA42|title=Language and society in Singapore|publisher=Singapore University Press|first1=Evangelos A.|last1=Afendras|first2=Eddie C.Y.|last2=Kuo|year=1980|isbn=978-9971-69-016-8|access-date=27 February 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&amp;pg=PA2018|title=Sociolinguistics: An international handbook of the science of language and society|publisher=Walter de Gruyter|location=Berlin|first1=Ulrich|last1=Ammon|first2=Norbert|last2=Dittmar|first3=Klaus J.|last3=Mattheier|volume=3|year=2006|isbn=978-3-11-018418-1|access-date=27 February 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; It is used in the national anthem &quot;[[Majulah Singapura]]&quot;,&lt;ref&gt;{{Singapore legislation|title=Singapore Arms and Flag and National Anthem Act|cap=296|ed=1985}}&lt;/ref&gt; in citations of [[Singaporean orders and decorations]] and in military commands.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.singstat.gov.sg/pubn/papers/people/c2000adr-literacy.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091113162718/http://www.singstat.gov.sg/pubn/papers/people/c2000adr-literacy.pdf|archive-date=13 November 2009|url-status=dead|title=Literacy and Language|publisher=Singapore Statistics|access-date=27 February 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Singaporean Malay is officially written in the Latin-based [[Rumi script]], though some Singaporean Malays also learn the Arabic-based [[Jawi alphabet|Jawi script]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=Cook|first1=Vivian|last2=Bassetti|first2=Benedetta|title=Second Language Writing Systems|date=2005|publisher=Multilingual Matters|isbn=978-1-85359-793-0|page=359|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yDLVaYJkyHUC}}&lt;/ref&gt; Jawi is considered an ethnic script for use on Singaporean identity cards.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.ica.gov.sg/page.aspx?pageid=140|title=Update Change of Name in IC|publisher=Immigration and Checkpoints Authority|access-date=29 January 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202101218/https://www.ica.gov.sg/page.aspx?pageid=140|archive-date=2 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Orthography==<br /> <br /> ==== Spelling ====<br /> Before the 20th century, Malay was written in a local modified form of the [[Arabic alphabet]] known as [[Jawi script|Jawi]]. During the 20th century, Malay written with [[Roman letters]], known as Rumi, almost completely replaced Jawi in everyday life. The romanisations originally used in [[British Malaya]] (now part of [[Malaysia]]) and the [[Dutch East Indies]] (now [[Indonesia]]) reflected their history as British and Dutch colonial possessions respectively. In British Malaya, the romanisation of Malay, devised by [[Richard James Wilkinson|Richard Wilkinson]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JHgsfADZF9IC&amp;pg=PA94 |title=Spelling and Society: The Culture and Politics of Orthography Around the World |first=Mark |last=Sebba |publisher= Cambridge University Press |year= 2007|isbn=9781139462020 }}&lt;/ref&gt; was influenced by English, whereas in the Dutch East Indies, the [[Van Ophuijsen Spelling System|system devised by C. A. Van Ophuijsen]] was influenced by [[Dutch language|Dutch]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A9UjLYD9jVEC&amp;pg=PA91 |title=The Indonesian Language: Its History and Role in Modern Society |first=James N. |last=Sneddon |publisher=UNSW Press |year=2003|isbn=9780868405988 }}&lt;/ref&gt; As a result, in Indonesia, the vowel {{IPAblink|u}} was formerly represented ''oe'', as in Dutch, although the official spelling of this sound was changed to ''u'' in 1947 when the [[Republican Spelling System]] was used.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PhliAgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA563|title=How Languages Work: An Introduction to Language and Linguistics|last=Genetti|first=Carol|date=23 January 2014|publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=9780521767446}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Similarly, until 1972, {{IPAblink|tʃ}} was represented in Malaysia as ''ch'', whereas in Indonesia, it continued to follow Dutch and used ''tj''. Hence the word for 'grandchild' used to be written as ''{{lang|zsm|chuchu}}'' in Malaysia and ''{{lang|id|tjoetjoe}}'' in Indonesia, until a unified spelling system was introduced in 1972 (known in Indonesia as ''{{lang|id|Ejaan Yang Disempurnakan}}'' or the 'Perfected Spelling') which removed most differences between the two varieties: Malay ''ch'' and Indonesian ''tj'' became ''c'': hence ''{{lang|zsm|cucu}}''.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jones loan words&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sXrxDQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PR11 |title=Loan-Words in Indonesian and Malay |last=Jones|first=Russell|year=2007 |publisher=Yayasan Pustaka Obor Indonesia|isbn=9786024331740}}&lt;/ref&gt; Indonesia abandoned the spelling ''dj'' {{IPAblink|dʒ}} to conform to the ''j'' already in use in Malaysia, while the old Indonesian ''j'' for the semivowel {{IPAblink|j}} was replaced with ''y'' as in Malaysia. Likewise, the [[Voiceless velar fricative|velar fricative]] {{IPAblink|x}} which occurs in many Arabic loanwords, which used to be written 'ch' in Indonesian, became ''kh'' in both languages.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jones loan words&quot; /&gt; However, ''oe'' was retained in some proper names, such as the name of the former vice-president, [[Boediono]] or former minister [[Mohammad Roem]]. The ''ch'' and ''dj'' letter combinations are still encountered in names such as ''Achmad'' and ''Djojo'' (pronounced as ''Akhmad'' and ''Joyo'' respectively), although the post-1972 spelling is now favoured.<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |+Indonesian-Malaysian Spelling Comparison<br /> !IPA<br /> !Malaysian<br /> Old Spelling<br /> !Indonesian <br /> Old Spelling<br /> !Indonesian-Malaysian<br /> Post-1972 Spelling<br /> |-<br /> |/ə/<br /> |ĕ<br /> |e<br /> |e<br /> |-<br /> |/e/<br /> |e<br /> |é<br /> |e<br /> |-<br /> |/tʃ/<br /> |ch<br /> |tj<br /> |c<br /> |-<br /> |/dˤ/<br /> |dh<br /> |<br /> |d<br /> |-<br /> |/dʒ/<br /> |j<br /> |dj<br /> |j<br /> |-<br /> |/x/<br /> |kh<br /> |ch<br /> |kh<br /> |-<br /> |/ɲ/<br /> |ny<br /> |nj<br /> |ny<br /> |-<br /> |/zˤ/<br /> |dz<br /> |<br /> |z<br /> |-<br /> |/ʃ/<br /> |sh<br /> |sj<br /> |sy<br /> |-<br /> |/θ/<br /> |th<br /> |<br /> |s<br /> |-<br /> |/u/<br /> |u<br /> |oe<br /> |u<br /> |-<br /> |/j/<br /> |y<br /> |j<br /> |y<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === Punctuation ===<br /> One notable difference in [[punctuation]] between the two languages is the use of different [[decimal mark]]s; Indonesian, influenced by Dutch, uses the [[decimal comma#Countries using Arabic numerals with decimal comma|decimal comma]],&lt;ref&gt;[http://nasional.kompas.com/read/2013/06/14/21044791/Istri.Djoko.Disebut.Beli.Rumah.Rp.7.1.Miliar Istri Djoko Disebut Beli Rumah Rp 7,1 Miliar], ''[[Kompas]]'', 14 June 2013&lt;/ref&gt; whereas Malay, influenced by English, uses the [[decimal comma#Countries using Arabic numerals with decimal point|decimal point]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.utusan.com.my/utusan/Ekonomi/20130606/ek_05/58-IBO-berpotensi-jana-RM1.9b 58 IBO berpotensi jana RM1.9b], ''[[Utusan Melayu]]'', 6 June 2013&lt;/ref&gt; A glossary of [[Information Technology]] terminology, available in English, Indonesian, and Malay, was published to facilitate the comparison and comprehension of language variations among individuals in Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, and Brunei who are seeking assistance and information online.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.amazon.in/Glossary-Computer-Terms-English-Indonesian-Malay-Gunarto-ebook/dp/B0BX633QV4/ref=monarch_sidesheet |title=Glossary of IT and Computer Terms: English-Indonesian-Malay |publisher=Kindle KDP Amazon Publishing, 2023, [[Hary Gunarto]]|access-date=October 7, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Pronunciation==<br /> <br /> Pronunciation also tends to be very different, with East Malaysia, Standard Singapore, and Indonesia pronouncing words in a form called ''Bahasa Baku'',&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MKdMDgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA6|title=A grammar of Papuan Malay|last=Kluge|first=Angela|date=8 July 2016|publisher=Language Science Press|isbn=9783944675862}}&lt;/ref&gt; where the words are pronounced as spelled.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Dw-YBwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA230|title=Pidgins, Creoles and Mixed Languages: An Introduction|last=Velupillai|first=Viveka|date=15 April 2015|publisher=John Benjamins Publishing Company|isbn=9789027268846}}&lt;/ref&gt; Moreover, enunciation tends to be clipped, staccato and faster than on the Malay Peninsula, which is spoken at a more languorous pace. Many vowels are pronounced (and were formerly spelt) differently in Peninsular Malaysia, Colloquial Singapore, and Riau Sumatra: ''{{lang|zsm|tujuh}}'' is pronounced (and was spelt) ''{{lang|zsm|tujoh}}'', ''{{lang|zsm|pilih}}'' as ''{{lang|zsm|pileh}}'', etc., and many final ''a'''s tend to be pronounced as [[schwa]]s; {{IPA|[e]}} and {{IPA|[o]}} are also allophones of {{IPA|/i/}} and {{IPA|/u/}} in closed final syllables in peninsular Malaysian, Colloquial Singaporean and Riau Sumatran varieties of Malay; These pronunciation rules is known as [[Johor]]-[[Riau]] pronunciation.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uyY6HJYcEKYC&amp;pg=PA209|title=Status Change of Languages|last1=Ammon|first1=Ulrich|last2=Hellinger|first2=Marlis|date=1992|publisher=Walter de Gruyter|isbn=9783110126686}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gPekCgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT82|title=Early History of Penang (Penerbit USM)|last=Salleh|editor-first=Muhammad |editor-last=Haji|date=27 August 2015|publisher=Penerbit USM|isbn=9789838616577}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; <br /> |+Comparison of several standard pronunciations of Malay&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last=Abu Bakar |first=Mukhlis |date=2019-12-18 |title=Sebutan Johor-Riau dan Sebutan Baku dalam Konteks Identiti Masyarakat Melayu Singapura |url=http://publisher.unimas.my/ojs/index.php/ILS/article/view/1521 |journal=Issues in Language Studies |volume=8 |issue=2 |doi=10.33736/ils.1521.2019 |s2cid=213343934 |issn=2180-2726|doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> !<br /> ! style=text-align:center | Example<br /> ! style=text-align:center | ''Johor-Riau'' (''Piawai'')<br /> Pronunciation<br /> ! style=text-align:center | Northern Peninsular<br /> Pronunciation<br /> ! style=text-align:center| ''Baku'' &amp; Indonesian<br /> Pronunciation<br /> |-<br /> |⟨a⟩ in final open syllable <br /> |style=text-align:center | ⟨keret'''a'''⟩<br /> |style=text-align:center | /ə/<br /> |style=text-align:center | /a/<br /> |style=text-align:center | /a/<br /> |-<br /> |⟨i⟩ in final closed syllable with final ⟨n⟩ and ⟨ng⟩ <br /> |style=text-align:center | ⟨kamb'''i'''ng⟩<br /> |style=text-align:center | /e/<br /> |style=text-align:center | /i/<br /> |style=text-align:center | /i/<br /> |-<br /> |⟨i⟩ in final closed syllable with other final consonants <br /> |style=text-align:center | ⟨it'''i'''k⟩<br /> |style=text-align:center | /e/<br /> |style=text-align:center | /e/<br /> |style=text-align:center | /i/<br /> |-<br /> |⟨u⟩ in final closed syllable with final ⟨n⟩ and ⟨ng⟩ <br /> |style=text-align:center | ⟨tah'''u'''n⟩<br /> |style=text-align:center | /o/<br /> |style=text-align:center | /u/<br /> |style=text-align:center | /u/<br /> |-<br /> |⟨u⟩ in final closed syllable with other final consonants <br /> |style=text-align:center | ⟨lump'''u'''r⟩<br /> |style=text-align:center | /o/<br /> |style=text-align:center | /o/<br /> |style=text-align:center | /u/<br /> |-<br /> |final ⟨r⟩<br /> |style=text-align:center | ⟨lumpu'''r'''⟩<br /> |style=text-align:center | silent<br /> |style=text-align:center | /r/<br /> |style=text-align:center | /r/<br /> |}<br /> <br /> The names for Latin letters are also of different origins, Indonesian names are from Dutch, while Malaysian Malay names are from English (see [[Malay alphabet|Malay-Indonesian alphabet]]).<br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> ! width=&quot;30%&quot; | Word<br /> ! width=&quot;35%&quot; | (Malaysian) Malay<br /> ! width=&quot;35%&quot; | Indonesian <br /> |-<br /> | ABC || {{IPA-ms|/e/./bi/./si/|}} || {{IPA-id|/a/./be/./t͡ʃe/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[Automated teller machine|ATM]] || {{IPA-ms|/e/./ti/./em/|}} || {{IPA-id|/a/./te/./em/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[A minor]] || {{IPA-ms|/e/ maj.nə|}} || {{IPA-id|/a/ mi.nor|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[Bunga Citra Lestari|BCL]] || {{IPA-ms|/bi/./si/./el/|}} || {{IPA-id|/be/./t͡ʃe/./el/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[BMW]] || {{IPA-ms|/bi/./em/./dabəlˈju/|}} || {{IPA-id|/be/./em/./we/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[COD (disambiguation)|COD]] || {{IPA-ms|/si/./o/./di/|}} || {{IPA-id|/t͡ʃe/./o/./de/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[DNA]] || {{IPA-ms|/di/./en/./e/|}} || {{IPA-id|/de/./en/./a/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[E minor]] || {{IPA-ms|/i/ maj.nə|}} || {{IPA-id|/e/ mi.nor|}}<br /> |-<br /> | generasi || {{IPA-ms|d͡ʒə.nə.ra.si|}} || {{IPA-id|ɡe.nə.ra.si|}}<br /> |-<br /> | ghaib (ms), gaib (id) || {{IPA-ms|ɣɑ.ib|}} || {{IPA-id|ga.ib|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[High-definition television|HD]] || {{IPA-ms|/het͡ʃ/./di/|}} || {{IPA-id|/ha/./de/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[HDMI]] || {{IPA-ms|/het͡ʃ/./di/./em/./aj/|}} || {{IPA-id|/ha/./de/./em/./i/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[HIV]] || {{IPA-ms|/het͡ʃ/./aj/./vi/|}} || {{IPA-id|/ha/./i/./fe/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[HRD (disambiguation)|HRD]] || {{IPA-ms|/het͡ʃ/./a:/./di/|}} || {{IPA-id|/ha/./er/./de/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | idea (ms), ide (id) || {{IPA-ms|aj.di.jə|}} || {{IPA-id|i.de|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[IMF]] || {{IPA-ms|/aj/./em/./ef/|}} || {{IPA-id|/i/./em/./ef/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | Ireland (ms), Irlandia (id) || {{IPA-ms|ˈaɪə.lənd|}} || {{IPA-id|ir.lan.di.ja|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[Bandung Institute of Technology|ITB]]<br /> | {{IPA-ms|/aj/./ti/./bi/|}} || {{IPA-id|/i/./te/./be/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[Kereta Cepat Indonesia China|KCIC]]<br /> | {{IPA-ms|/ke/./si/./aj/./si/|}} || {{IPA-id|/ka/./t͡ʃe/./i/./t͡ʃe/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[KLIA]] || {{IPA-ms|/ke/./el/./aj/./e/|}} || {{IPA-id|/ka/./el/./i/./a/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | koir (ms), kor (id) || {{IPA-ms|kwa.jər|}} || {{IPA-id|kor|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[LGBT]] || {{IPA-ms|/el/./d͡ʒi/./bi/./ti/|}} || {{IPA-id|/el/./ge/./be/./te/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[Malaysia]] || {{IPA-ms|mə.le.sjə|}} || {{IPA-id|ma.laj.siʲa|}} <br /> |-<br /> | November || {{IPA-ms|no.vɛm.bər|}} || {{IPA-id|no.fɛm.bər|}}<br /> |-<br /> | protein || {{IPA-ms|pro.tin|}} || {{IPA-id|pro.te.in|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[Radio Televisyen Malaysia|RTM]] || {{IPA-ms|/a:/./ti/./em/|}} || {{IPA-id|/er/./te/./em/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[RCTI]] || {{IPA-ms|/a:/./si/./ti/./aj/|}} || {{IPA-id|/er/./t͡ʃe/./te/./i/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[SCTV (TV network)]] || {{IPA-ms|/es/./si/./ti/./vi/|}} || {{IPA-id|/es/./t͡ʃe/./te/./fe/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission|SPRM]] || {{IPA-ms|/es/./pi/./a:/./em/|}} || {{IPA-id|/es/./pe/./er/./em/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | spesies || {{IPA-ms|spe.sis|}} || {{IPA-id|spe.si.jɛs|}}<br /> |-<br /> | teknologi || {{IPA-ms|tɛk.no.lo.d͡ʒi|}} || {{IPA-id|tɛk.no.lo.ɡi|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[TVRI]] || {{IPA-ms|/ti/./vi/./a:/./aj/|}} || {{IPA-id|/te/./fe/./er/./i/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | Ukraine (ms), Ukraina (id) || {{IPA-ms|ju.kren|}} || {{IPA-id|u.kraj.na|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[UNHCR]] || {{IPA-ms|/ju/./en/./het͡ʃ/./si/./a:/|}} || {{IPA-id|/u/./en/./ha/./t͡ʃe/./er/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[University of Technology Malaysia|UTM]]<br /> | {{IPA-ms|/ju/./ti/./em/|}} || {{IPA-id|/u/./te/./em/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[WFH]] || {{IPA-ms|/dabəlˈju/./ef/./het͡ʃ/|}} || {{IPA-id|/we/./ef/./ha/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[WHO]] || {{IPA-ms|/dabəlˈju/./het͡ʃ/./o/|}} || {{IPA-id|/we/./ha/./o/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[WWW]] || {{IPA-ms|/dabəlˈju/./dabəlˈju/./dabəlˈju/|}} || {{IPA-id|/we/./we/./we/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | xilem || {{IPA-ms|zi.ləm|}} || {{IPA-id|si.ləm|}}<br /> |-<br /> | xilofon || {{IPA-ms|zi.lo.fon|}} || {{IPA-id|si.lo.fon|}}<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Syllabification==<br /> <br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> ! width=&quot;30%&quot; | Word<br /> ! width=&quot;35%&quot; | (Malaysian) Malay syllabification<br /> ! width=&quot;35%&quot; | Indonesian syllabification<br /> |-<br /> | problem || {{lang|zsm|mas.a.lah}} || {{lang|id|ma.sa.lah}}<br /> |-<br /> | start || {{lang|zsm|mu.la.i}} || {{lang|id|mu.lai}}<br /> |-<br /> | weather || {{lang|zsm|cua.ca}} || {{lang|id|cu.a.ca}}<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Vocabulary ==<br /> {{Wiktionary|Appendix:Indonesian–Standard Malay relations}}<br /> <br /> === Word derivation and compounds ===<br /> Indonesian and (Standard Malaysian) Malay have similar derivation and compounds rule. However, there is difference on quasi-past participle or participle-like adjective when attached to a noun or verb. (Standard Malaysian) Malay uses prefix ''ber-'' to denote such, while Indonesian uses prefix ''ter-'' to do so. It is important to note that prefix ber- can denote several other meanings.<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |+<br /> ! width=&quot;20%&quot;|English<br /> ! width=&quot;40%&quot;|(Malaysian) Malay<br /> ! width=&quot;40%&quot;|Indonesian<br /> |-<br /> |'''registered''' &lt;small&gt;(having had one's name added to an official list or entered into a register)&lt;/small&gt;<br /> |'''''&lt;u&gt;ber&lt;/u&gt;'''daftar''<br /> |'''''&lt;u&gt;ter&lt;/u&gt;'''daftar''<br /> |-<br /> |'''local'''<br /> |''tempat'''&lt;u&gt;an&lt;/u&gt;'''''<br /> |'''''&lt;u&gt;se&lt;/u&gt;'''tempat''<br /> |-<br /> |'''honorable'''<br /> |'''''&lt;u&gt;ber&lt;/u&gt;'''hormat''<br /> |'''''&lt;u&gt;ter&lt;/u&gt;'''hormat''<br /> |-<br /> |'''written''' &lt;small&gt;(having been written)&lt;/small&gt;<br /> |'''''&lt;u&gt;ber&lt;/u&gt;'''tulis''<br /> |'''''&lt;u&gt;ter&lt;/u&gt;'''tulis''<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === Loanword source differences ===<br /> {{More citations needed section|date=February 2024}}<br /> Indonesian and Malaysian Malay both differ in the forms of loanwords used due to division of the Malay Archipelago by the Dutch and the British and their long-lasting colonial influences, as a consequence of the [[Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824]]: Indonesian absorbed primarily Dutch loanwords whereas Malaysian Malay absorbed primarily English words. Pronunciation of certain loanwords in Malaysian Malay follows English, while in Indonesian it follows Dutch, for example Malay &quot;{{lang|zsm|televisyen}}&quot; (from English: television) and Indonesian &quot;{{lang|id|televisi}}&quot; (from Dutch: ''{{lang|nl|televisie}}''); the &quot;-syen&quot; and &quot;-si&quot; also prevail in some other words, though &quot;-si&quot; has become more preferred in Malay of late.{{cn|date=February 2024}}<br /> <br /> Malaysian Malay has also experienced significant conservative pushback as precedent entities that existed within the British sphere made efforts to create words that would fit naturally foreign ideas of governance and thought through a Malay-oriented context. The Pakatan Belajar Mengajar Pengetahuan Bahasa in [[Johore]] headed by [[Abdul Rahman Andak]] during the 19th century was especially important in introducing [[neologism]]s like ''pejabat'' (&quot;office&quot;, cf. Indonesian ''kantor'' from {{lang|nl|kantoor}}) and ''setiausaha'' (&quot;secretary&quot;, cf. Indo ''sekretaris'' from {{lang-nl|secretaris}}) into the Malay lexicon.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Sejarah Perancangan Bahasa Melayu di Negeri Johor|last=Amat Juhari Moain|publisher=[[Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka]]|year=2009|isbn=9789836297914|location=[[Kuala Lumpur]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; For example, the word for 'post office' in Malaysia is &quot;{{lang|zsm|pejabat pos}}&quot; (in Indonesia this means 'post officer'), whereas in Indonesia it is &quot;{{lang|id|kantor pos}}&quot;.<br /> <br /> There are also some [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] influences: in Indonesia, Christmas is known as &quot;{{lang|id|Natal}}&quot;, whereas Malaysia uses both &quot;Natal&quot; and &quot;{{lang|zsm|Krismas}}&quot;, the latter derived from English. There are also instances where the Malaysian Malay version derives from English pronunciation while the Indonesian version takes its cue from [[Latin]]. The Latin preference of the (older) Indonesian intellectuals in these instances may be ascribed to the influence of their classical-oriented education when [[Gymnasium (school)|''Gymnasium'']] schools were established during the Dutch colonial period: compare Malaysian Malay ''{{lang|zsm|kualiti}}'', ''{{lang|zsm|kuantiti}}'', ''{{lang|zsm|majoriti}}'', ''{{lang|zsm|minoriti}}'' and ''{{lang|zsm|universiti}}'' with Indonesian ''{{lang|id|kualitas}}'', ''{{lang|id|kuantitas}}'', ''{{lang|id|mayoritas}}'', ''{{lang|id|minoritas}}'' and ''{{lang|id|universitas}}''.{{cn|date=February 2024}}<br /> <br /> Some words which are spelt the same in both languages may even carry entirely different meanings in the other language, potentially leading to humorous or embarrassing situations: while ''{{lang|id|baja}}'' means &quot;steel&quot; in Indonesian,&lt;ref&gt;[https://kbbi.web.id/baja Arti kata baja]. [[Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia]]. Retrieved 23 April 2024&lt;/ref&gt; in Malaysian Malay it means &quot;fertiliser&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;[https://prpm.dbp.gov.my/cari1?keyword=baja Definisi baja]. [[Kamus Dewan]]. Retrieved 23 April 2024&lt;/ref&gt; Also, whereas the Indonesian word ''{{lang|id|butuh}}'' (from [[Sundanese language|Sundanese]] ᮘᮥᮒᮥᮂ butuh) means &quot;require&quot; or &quot;need&quot;,&lt;ref&gt;[https://kbbi.web.id/butuh Arti kata butuh]. Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia. Retrieved 23 April 2024&lt;/ref&gt; in Malay, it is a vulgar slang term referring to male genitalia.&lt;ref&gt;[https://prpm.dbp.gov.my/cari1?keyword=butuh Definisi butuh]. Kamus Dewan. Retrieved 23 April 2024&lt;/ref&gt; Conversely, where the word &quot;{{lang|zsm|banci}}&quot; seems innocuous enough in Malaysia (&quot;census&quot;),&lt;ref&gt;[https://prpm.dbp.gov.my/cari1?keyword=banci Definisi banci]. Kamus Dewan. Retrieved 23 April 2024&lt;/ref&gt; in Indonesia it is a derogatory term for &quot;transvestite&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;[https://kbbi.web.id/banci Arti kata banci]. Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia. Retrieved 23 April 2024&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The relatively large share of Islamic (Arabic or Persian) loan words shared by Malaysian Malay and Indonesian often poses no difficulty in comprehension and usage, although some forms may have developed a (slightly) different meaning or have become obsolete either in Malaysian Malay or in Indonesian, e.g. ''{{lang|zsm|khidmat}}'', ''{{lang|zsm|wakil}}''.{{cn|date=February 2024}}<br /> <br /> === English loanwords ===<br /> One of the most important aspect in differences between Malay (Malaysian and Brunei) and Indonesian is the degree of influence from English. Apart from being heavily influenced by the Dutch language, the Indonesian language also adopted a significant number of English loanwords in its vocabulary, although English did not play significant role on the Indonesian language and in fact most of these vocabulary are of Dutch origin – Dutch and English share a similar [[Germanic languages|Germanic origin]], and Dutch has also borrowed from [[Latin]], although to a lesser extent than English. There have been many changes in Indonesian as a result of its historical development. Words have been freely borrowed from English and only partly assimilated, in many cases, to the Indonesian patterns of structure.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Indonesian reference grammar|page=2|author=Roderick Ross Macdonald |isbn=9780878401635 |year= 1976 |publisher=Georgetown University Press|location=Georgetown, USA}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> By the late 1970s, English words began pouring into the language, leading one commentator, writing in 1977, to refer to the &quot;trend towards Indo-Saxonization&quot;,&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=sYUbAAAAIAAJ&amp;q=%22Indo-Saxonization%22 ''The Indonesian Quarterly''], Yayasan Proklamasi, [[Centre for Strategic and International Studies]], 1977 Volume 5, Issues 1–3, page 76&lt;/ref&gt; known in Indonesian as ''{{lang|id|pengindosaksonan}}''. Many loanwords from English sometimes fulfill no communicative need, expressing concepts adequately covered by existing words. Among the examples are: ''{{lang|id|akurat}}'' instead of ''{{lang|id|tepat}}'' (accurate, Dutch {{lang|nl|accuraat}}), ''{{lang|id|aliansi}}'' in the place of ''{{lang|id|sekutu}}'' (alliance, Dutch {{lang|nl|alliantie}}), ''{{lang|id|eksis}}'' rather than ''{{lang|id|ada}}'' (exist), ''{{lang|id|kandidat}}'' as well as ''{{lang|id|calon}}'' (candidate, Dutch {{lang|nl|kandidaat}}), ''{{lang|id|konklusi}}'' instead of ''{{lang|id|kesimpulan}}'' (conclusion, Dutch {{lang|nl|conclusie}}), ''{{lang|id|kontaminasi}}'' in the place of ''{{lang|id|pencemaran}}'' (contamination, Dutch {{lang|nl|contaminatie}}), ''{{lang|id|opini}}'' rather than ''{{lang|id|pendapat}}'' (opinion, Dutch {{lang|nl|opinie}}) and ''{{lang|id|opsi}}'' in the place of ''{{lang|id|pilihan}}'' (option, Dutch {{lang|nl|optie}}).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=A Study of the Evolution of the Malay Language: Social Change and Cognitive Development|page=14 |author=Seong Chee Tham|isbn= 978-9971691363|year=1991|publisher=Singapore University Press|location=Singapore}}&lt;/ref&gt; However, these ''{{lang|id|pengindosaksonan}}'' is not directly borrowed from English, but through their cognates in Dutch pronunciations as ''{{lang|id|<br /> Pedoman Umum Pembentukan Istilah}}'' is heavily influenced by Dutch cognates.<br /> <br /> === Social and cultural differences ===<br /> Lexical items that reflect separate social and cultural development.<br /> <br /> ==== Education ====<br /> Indonesia has a more uniform nationwide system of terms than does Malaysia. ''Public school'' (a publicly funded and administered school) is known as ''sekolah negeri'' in Indonesian and ''sekolah kebangsaan'' in Malaysia. Meanwhile, ''sekolah tinggi'' is translation of [[high school]] in Malaysia (similar to English usage), while it refers to [[university college]] in Indonesia (similar to Flanders Dutch ''hogeschool''). <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |+School Years for Academic/General School System in Standard Malay and Indonesian<br /> !Age Range<br /> !Malaysian Malay<br /> !Singaporean Malay<br /> !Brunei Malay<br /> !Indonesian<br /> |-<br /> |1-4<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |3-5<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |'''Sekolah Rendah'''<br /> |'''Sekolah Rendah'''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |5-6<br /> |Darjah 1 (Satu)<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |6-7<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Darjah 2 (Dua)<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |<br /> |'''Sekolah Rendah'''<br /> |'''Sekolah Dasar (SD)'''<br /> |-<br /> |Tahun 1 (Satu)<br /> |Kelas 1 (Satu)<br /> |-<br /> |7-8<br /> |Darjah 3 (Tiga)<br /> |<br /> |Tahun 2 (Dua)<br /> |Kelas 2 (Dua)<br /> |-<br /> |8-9<br /> |Darjah 4 (Empat)<br /> |<br /> |Tahun 3 (Tiga)<br /> |Kelas 3 (Tiga)<br /> |-<br /> |9-10<br /> |Darjah 5 (Lima)<br /> |<br /> |Tahun 4 (Empat)<br /> |Kelas 4 (Empat)<br /> |-<br /> |10-11<br /> |Darjah 6 (Enam)<br /> |<br /> |Tahun 5 (Lima)<br /> |Kelas 5 (Lima)<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |11-12<br /> |'''Sekolah Menengah'''<br /> |'''Sekolah Menengah'''<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Tahun 6 (Enam)<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Kelas 6 (Enam)<br /> |-<br /> |Tingkatan 1 (Satu)<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |12-13<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Tingkatan 2 (Dua)<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |<br /> |'''Sekolah Menengah'''<br /> |'''Sekolah Menengah Pertama (SMP)'''<br /> |-<br /> |Tahun 7 (Tujuh)<br /> |Kelas 7 (Tujuh)<br /> |-<br /> |13-14<br /> |Tingkatan 3 (Tiga)<br /> |<br /> |Tahun 8 (Lapan)<br /> |Kelas 8 (Delapan)<br /> |-<br /> |14-15<br /> |Tingkatan 4 (Empat)<br /> |<br /> |Tahun 9 (Sembilan)<br /> |Kelas 9 (Sembilan)<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |15-16<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Tingkatan 5 (Lima)<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Tahun 10 (Sepuluh)<br /> |'''Sekolah Menengah Atas (SMA)'''<br /> |-<br /> |Kelas 10 (Sepuluh)<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |16-17<br /> |'''Kolej Tingkatan Enam''' <br /> '''Kolej Matrikulasi'''<br /> |'''Maktab Rendah'''<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Tahun 11 (Sebelas)<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Kelas 11 (Sebelas)<br /> |-<br /> |Tingkatan 6 (Enam) Bawah<br /> Matrikulasi<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |17-18<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Tingkatan 6 (Enam) Atas<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |<br /> |'''Prauniversiti'''<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Kelas 12 (Duabelas)<br /> |-<br /> |Tahun 12 (Duabelas)<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> | colspan=&quot;4&quot; |'''Tertiary Education'''<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Convergence and divergence ==<br /> The rift of evolution between the two languages is based more on political nuance and the history of their formation than on cultural reasons. As a result, views regarding each other's languages differ amongst Malaysians and Indonesians. In Malaysia, the national language is Malay; in Indonesia, it is Indonesian. Malaysians tend to assert that Malay and Indonesian are merely different varieties of the same language, while Indonesians tend to treat them as separate – albeit closely related – languages. The result of this attitude is that the Indonesians feel little need to synchronize their language with Malaysia, Singapore and Brunei, whereas the Malaysians are keener to coordinate the evolution of the language with the Indonesians.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.yawningbread.org/arch_2005/yax-455.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304060400/http://www.yawningbread.org/arch_2005/yax-455.htm|archive-date=4 March 2016|title=Who is Malay?|date=July 2005}}&lt;/ref&gt; However, both parties have realized that communication benefits from mutually comprehensible and intelligible languages, which motivated efforts to synchronize the languages' development. The effort to synchronize both languages' evolution to increase their mutual intelligibility has been embarked by imposing standard [[rules of language]]. This process is headed by [[Language Development and Fostering Agency|Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa]] on the Indonesian side and [[Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka]] as its Malaysian counterpart through [[Majlis Bahasa Brunei-Indonesia-Malaysia]] (MABBIM). Authorities in both Brunei and Singapore generally abide by the Malaysian standard in disputes.{{cn|date=February 2024}} Although, MABBIM is not working properly which reflects Indonesian attitude of little need to synchronize their language.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Amin |first=Manzaidi Mohd |date=2022-04-21 |title=Terima hakikat negara jiran tolak penggunaan bahasa Melayu bahasa pengantar - MPN |trans-title=Accept the fact that neighboring countries reject the use of Malay as the medium of instruction - MPN |url=https://malaysiagazette.com/2022/04/21/terima-hakikat-negara-jiran-tolak-penggunaan-bahasa-melayu-bahasa-pengantar-mpn/ |url-status=live |access-date=2024-06-07 |work=Malaysia Gazette}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Indonesia akan tolak selagi Malaysia guna istilah 'Bahasa Melayu' |trans-title=Indonesia will reject as long as Malaysia uses the term 'Malay' |url=https://www.astroawani.com/berita-malaysia/indonesia-akan-tolak-selagi-malaysia-guna-istilah-bahasa-melayu-357992 |url-status=live |work=Astro Awani}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Example ==<br /> '''Original text in Indonesian''':&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.antaranews.com/berita/261056/draghi-krisis-zona-euro-berisiko-sistemik Antara News – Draghi: Krisis Zona Euro Berisiko &quot;Sistemik&quot;]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> :{{lang|id|Apabila peraturan}} '''''{{lang|id|pakta stabilitas Eropa}}''''' {{lang|id|dihormati sampai ke}} '''''{{lang|id|detail}}'''''{{lang|id|nya}}, '''''{{lang|id|rasio utang publik}}''''' ''{{lang|id|dibanding}}'' '''''{{lang|id|produk domestik bruto}}''''' {{lang|id|pada}} {{lang|id|hari}} {{lang|id|krisis akan berada di}} '''''{{lang|id|posisi}}''''' {{lang|id|10}} '''''{{lang|id|persentase poin}}''''' {{lang|id|kurang dalam}} '''''{{lang|id|zona}}''''' {{lang|id|euro, katanya}}.<br /> <br /> '''In Malay (Malaysian and Brunei)''':<br /> :{{lang|zsm|Jika peraturan}} '''''{{lang|zsm|pakatan kestabilan Eropah}}''''' {{lang|zsm|dihormati secara ter}}'''{{lang|zsm|perinci}}''', '''''{{lang|zsm|nisbah hutang awam}}''''' ''{{lang|zsm|berbanding}}'' '''''{{lang|zsm|keluaran dalam negara kasar}}''''' {{lang|zsm|pada}} {{lang|zsm|zaman}} {{lang|zsm|krisis akan berada di}} '''''{{lang|zsm|kedudukan}}''''' 10 '''''{{lang|zsm|mata peratusan}}''''' {{lang|zsm|kurang dalam}} '''''{{lang|zsm|zon}}''''' {{lang|zsm|euro, kata beliau}}.<br /> <br /> '''In English''':<br /> :If the '''''European stability pact''''' rules had been respected in '''''detail''''', the '''''ratio of public debt''''' ''to'' '''''gross domestic product''''' on the '''days''' of crisis would have been at the '''''position''''' 10 '''''percentage points''''' less in the euro'''''zone''''', he said.<br /> The following texts are excerpts from the official translations of the [[Universal Declaration of Human Rights]] in Indonesian and Malay (Malaysian and Brunei), along with the original declaration in English.<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |+<br /> ![[Indonesian language|Indonesian]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Pernyataan Umum tentang Hak-Hak Asasi Manusia |trans-title=Universal Declaration of Human Rights |url=https://www.ohchr.org/en/human-rights/universal-declaration/translations/indonesian |access-date=2024-06-07 |website=OHCHR}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> !Malay (Malaysia and Brunei)&lt;ref name=&quot;:21&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Perisytiharan Hak Asasi Manusia Sejagat |trans-title=Universal Declaration of Human Rights |url=http://www.ohchr.org/EN/UDHR/Pages/Language.aspx?LangID=mli |website=OHCHR |language=ms}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> !English&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Universal Declaration of Human Rights: English |url=http://www.ohchr.org/EN/UDHR/Pages/Language.aspx?LangID=eng |website=OHCHR}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |- style=&quot;vertical-align: top;&quot;<br /> | lang=&quot;id&quot; |Maka,<br /> Majelis Umum memproklamasikan<br /> <br /> '''PERNYATAAN UMUM TENTANG HAK ASASI MANUSIA''' sebagai satu standar umum keberhasilan untuk semua bangsa dan negara, dengan tujuan agar setiap orang dan setiap badan dalam masyarakat dengan senantiasa mengingat Pernyataan ini, akan berusaha dengan jalan mengajar dan mendidik untuk menggalakkan penghargaan terhadap hak-hak dan kebebasan-kebebasan tersebut, dan dengan jalan tindakan-tindakan progresif yang bersifat nasional maupun internasional, menjamin pengakuan dan penghormatannya secara universal dan efektif, baik oleh bangsa-bangsa dari negara anggota sendiri maupun oleh bangsa-bangsa dari daerah-daerah yang berada di bawah kekuasaan hukum mereka.<br /> <br /> '''Pasal 1''' Semua orang dilahirkan merdeka dan mempunyai martabat dan hak-hak yang sama. Mereka dikaruniai akal dan hati nurani dan hendaknya bergaul satu sama lain dalam semangat persaudaraan.<br /> | lang=&quot;zsm&quot; |Maka dengan ini,<br /> Perhimpunan Agung mengisytiharkan<br /> <br /> '''PERISYTIHARAN SEJAGAT HAK ASASI MANUSIA''' ini sebagai suatu ukuran bersama terhadap pencapaian oleh seluruh umat manusia dan kesemua negara dengan tujuan supaya setiap individu dan setiap badan masyarakat, dengan sentiasa mengingati Perisytiharan ini, hendaklah berazam melalui pengajaran dan pendidikan bagi memajukan sanjungan terhadap seluruh hak-hak dan kebebasan ini dan secara langkah-langkah berperingkat-peringkat, di bidang negara dan antarabangsa, bagi menjaminkan pengkitirafan dan pematuhan sejagatnya yang berkesan, kedua-duanya di antara negara-negara anggota masing-masing dan rakyat wilayah-wilayah di bawah bidang kuasa mereka.<br /> <br /> '''Perkara 1''' Semua manusia dilahirkan bebas dan samarata dari segi kemuliaan dan hak-hak. Mereka mempunyai pemikiran dan perasaan hati dan hendaklah bertindak di antara satu sama lain dengan semangat persaudaraan<br /> | lang=&quot;en&quot; |Now, therefore,<br /> The General Assembly proclaims<br /> <br /> This '''UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS''' as a common standard of achievement for all peoples and all nations, to the end that every individual and every organ of society, keeping this Declaration constantly in mind, shall strive by teaching and education to promote respect for these rights and freedoms and by progressive measures, national and international, to secure their universal and effective recognition and observance, both among the peoples of Member States themselves and among the peoples of territories under their jurisdiction.<br /> <br /> '''Article 1''' All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[Majlis Bahasa Brunei-Indonesia-Malaysia]]<br /> * [[Malay orthography|Malay-Indonesian orthography]]<br /> * [[Malay grammar|Malay-Indonesian grammar]]<br /> * [[Indonesian orthography]]<br /> * [[Indonesian slang]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * {{cite journal |first=Asmah |last=Haji Omar |title=The Malay Spelling Reform |journal=Journal of the Simplified Spelling Society |year=1989 |pages=9–13 |url=http://www.spellingsociety.org/journals/j11/malay.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060927160151/http://www.spellingsociety.org/journals/j11/malay.php |archive-date=27 September 2006 |url-status=dead |access-date=2 November 2006 }}<br /> * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120530225650/http://badanbahasa.kemdiknas.go.id/kbbi/ Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia]. 2008. Pusat Bahasa, Departemen Pendidikan Nasional<br /> * {{cite web | author=Regina Pasys | title=Ternyata 4 Negara Ini Mempunya Bahasa yang Mirip dengan Bahasa Indonesia, Sudah Tahu?| publisher=Grid Kids| url=https://kids.grid.id/read/472255841/keren-ternyata-4-negara-ini-mempunya-bahasa-yang-mirip-dengan-bahasa-indonesia-sudah-tahu?page=all}}<br /> * [http://www.tufs.ac.jp/ts/personal/nomoto/ejaan.pdf Senarai komprehensif perbezaan ejaan Malaysia dan ejaan Indonesia], Hiroki Nomoto, Nahoko Yamashita, Ayano Osaka (orthographic differences between Standard Malay and Indonesian)<br /> * convection era [http://konveksibaju.id/]<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Comparison of Standard Malay and Indonesian}}<br /> [[Category:Malay language]]<br /> [[Category:Indonesian language]]<br /> [[Category:Language comparison]]<br /> [[Category:False friends]]<br /> [[Category:Indonesia–Malaysia relations]]</div> Xbypass https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Comparison_of_Indonesian_and_Standard_Malay&diff=1239055575 Comparison of Indonesian and Standard Malay 2024-08-07T03:31:23Z <p>Xbypass: /* Orthography */</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Linguistic comparison}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}<br /> {{Wiktionary|Appendix:Indonesian–Standard Malay relations}}<br /> <br /> [[Indonesian language|Indonesian]] and [[Malaysian Malay]] are two standardised varieties of the [[Malay language]], the former used officially in [[Indonesia]] (and in [[Timor Leste]] as a working language) and the latter in [[Brunei]], [[Malaysia]] and [[Singapore]]. Both varieties are generally [[mutual intelligibility|mutually intelligible]], yet there are noticeable differences in spelling, grammar, pronunciation and vocabulary, as well as the predominant source of loanwords.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OtWdhQ7vc6kC&amp;pg=PA71|title=The Austronesian Languages of Asia and Madagascar|last1=Adelaar|first1=K. Alexander|last2=Himmelmann|first2=Nikolaus|date=7 March 2013|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781136755095|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nEYsAwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA50|title=Indonesia-Malaysia Relations: Cultural Heritage, Politics and Labour Migration|last1=Clark|first1=Marshall|last2=Pietsch|first2=Juliet|date=26 March 2014|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781317808886|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZpnlOCB8htQC&amp;q=bahasa+melayu+indonesia+malaysia|title=Kesenjangan leksikal bahasa Melayu Malaysia dan bahasa Indonesia|last=Ahmad|first=Ibrahim|date=2011|publisher=Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka|isbn=9789834605209|language=ms}}&lt;/ref&gt; The differences can range from those mutually unintelligible with one another, to those having a closer familial resemblance. The regionalised and localised varieties of Malay can become a catalyst for intercultural conflict, especially in higher education.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |url=http://www.educ.utas.edu.au/users/tle/JOURNAL/issues/2007/22-1.pdf |title=The Reality of Bahasa Melayu and Bahasa Indonesia in Academia |author1=Hafriza Burhanudeen |author2=Nor Zakiah Abdul Hamid |author3=Norsimah Mat Awal |author4=Mohd Azlan Mis |publisher=Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia |journal=The International Journal of Language Society and Culture |access-date=9 July 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080726045845/http://www.educ.utas.edu.au/users/tle/JOURNAL/issues/2007/22-1.pdf |archive-date=26 July 2008 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4MBTBQAAQBAJ&amp;q=Malay+language+Indonesia|title=A Critical Survey of Studies on Malay and Bahasa Indonesia: Bibliographical|last=Teeuw|first=A.|date=17 April 2013|publisher=Springer Science &amp; Business Media|isbn=9789401187886|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ETXiBwAAQBAJ&amp;q=Indonesian+language+lingua+franca&amp;pg=PT154|title=Consequences of Contact: Language Ideologies and Sociocultural Transformations in Pacific Societies|last1=Makihara|first1=Miki|last2=Schieffelin|first2=Bambi B.|date=27 September 2007|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780190295936|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Perception==<br /> To non-native speakers the two varieties may seem identical, but to native speakers the differences are noticeable through both diction and accent. They affect the broadcasting industry with regard to foreign language subtitling, for example, in DVD movies and on cable TV. In order to reach a wider audience, both Indonesian and Malay subtitles are sometimes displayed in a movie, along with other language subtitles. Another example is Malaysian TV providing Malay subtitling on Indonesian [[sinetron]]s (TV dramas) aired in Malaysia&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://myindo.com/story/278.asp |title=The Wonderful World of Subtitling |author=Fairy Mahzan |publisher=MyIndo.com |access-date=9 July 2012 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130129104528/http://myindo.com/story/278.asp |archive-date=29 January 2013 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; and vice versa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://lifestyle.sindonews.com/read/1247171/158/hore-mnctv-tayangkan-film-terbaru-upin-ipin-1507640031|title=Hore, MNCTV Tayangkan Film Terbaru Upin Ipin|work=SINDOnews.com|access-date=14 February 2018|language=id-ID}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The Malay language in Indonesia and Malaysia also differs in recognition, where in Malaysia it enjoys status as the national language ([[Malaysian language]]),&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/malaysiainpictur0000dipi|url-access=registration|page=[https://archive.org/details/malaysiainpictur0000dipi/page/42 42]|title=Malaysia in Pictures|last=DiPiazza|first=Francesca|date=1 January 2006|publisher=Twenty-First Century Books|isbn=9780822526742|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; while in Indonesia it is considered a [[regional language]] in Malay-speaking areas such as the eastern coast of [[Sumatra]] and [[West Kalimantan]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gipLDwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA2|title=Bahasa Indonesia Kesehatan|last1=M.H.|first1=Wahyudi, S. Kep, Ns|last2=M.Pd|first2=Bivit Anggoro Prasetyo Nugroho, S. Pd|last3=M.Pd|first3=Dra Isnaeni Praptanti|publisher=Penerbit Andi|isbn=9789792963014|language=id}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zFKcQ8_dS00C&amp;q=Malay+regional+language+Sumatra+Kalimantan&amp;pg=PA1350|title=World and Its Peoples: Eastern and Southern Asia|date=2007|publisher=Marshall Cavendish|isbn=9780761476436|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The term &quot;Malay language&quot; (''Bahasa Melayu'') in Indonesia and Malaysia invites different perceptions from its respective people.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F3XvBbdWCKYC&amp;pg=PA335|title=Language and National Identity in Asia|last=Simpson|first=Andrew|date=30 August 2007|publisher=OUP Oxford|isbn=9780191533082|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; To Malaysians, the Malay language is generally understood as the [[national language]] of Malaysia, with Malaysian language (''Bahasa Malaysia)'' being a precise appellation for the Malay variety used in the country.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NCJiAgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA131|title=Language and Translation in Postcolonial Literatures: Multilingual Contexts, Translational Texts|last=Bertacco|first=Simona|date=17 December 2013|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781135136390|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Between 1986 and 2007, the term ''Bahasa Melayu'' was used instead of ''Bahasa Malaysia'', until the latter was reinstated, in order to instill a sense of belonging among Malaysians of all races, rather than just [[Malay people|Malays]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://blog.limkitsiang.com/2007/06/04/restoration-of-bahasa-malaysia-welcomed-but-why-the-sheepish-surreptitious-selective-announcement/ Bahasa Melayu becomes Bahasa Malaysia again], [[Lim Kit Siang]], 6 June 2007&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qGACL5YJRjEC&amp;pg=PA26|title=Language Conflict and National Development: Group Politics and National Language Policy in India|last=Dasgupta|first=Jyotirindra|date=1970|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=9780520015906|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Therefore, there was no clear distinction between the use of the term Malay (''Bahasa Melayu'') and the national language of Malaysia (''Bahasa Malaysia''). In Brunei, where Malay is also an official language, the language is known as ''Bahasa Melayu'' and in English as &quot;Malay&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;[http://bruneitimes.com.bn/art-culture/2010/08/04/perambahan-unique-feature-brunei-malay Perambahan: A unique feature of Brunei Malay] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706150357/http://bruneitimes.com.bn/art-culture/2010/08/04/perambahan-unique-feature-brunei-malay |date=6 July 2011 }}, ''[[Brunei Times]]'', 4 August 2010&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In Indonesia, however, there is a clear distinction between &quot;Malay language&quot; (''bahasa Melayu'') and &quot;Indonesian&quot; (''bahasa Indonesia''). Indonesian is the national language which serves as the [[Lingua franca|unifying language]] of Indonesia; despite being a standardized form of Malay, it is not referred to with the term &quot;Malay&quot; in common parlance.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KafIAwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA83|title=Language and Language-in-Education Planning in the Pacific Basin|last1=Kaplan|first1=R. B.|last2=Baldauf|first2=Richard B. Jr.|date=14 March 2013|publisher=Springer Science &amp; Business Media|isbn=9789401701457|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The term &quot;Malay&quot; is usually reserved for the forms of Malay indigenous to the Malay ethnic group (the national standardized language of Malaysia and the non-standard idioms of [[Malays (ethnic group)|Malay people]], including those used by [[Malay Indonesian]]s). Thus, &quot;Malay&quot; is considered a [[regional language]] (''bahasa daerah'') in Indonesia, enjoying the same status as [[Javanese language|Javanese]], [[Sundanese language|Sundanese]], [[Buginese language|Buginese]], [[Balinese language|Balinese]], [[Batak languages]] and others.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://labbineka.kemdikbud.go.id/bahasa/daftarbahasa|title=Daftar Bahasa-bahasa Daerah di Indonesia|website=labbineka.kemdikbud.go.id|access-date=24 October 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Moreover, to some Indonesians, the term &quot;Malay&quot; is more often associated with Malaysia and the Malaysian variety of Malay.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cA1PilUrW8gC&amp;pg=PA199|title=PELBBA 17: Pertemuan Linguistik Pusat Kajian Bahasa dan Budaya Atma Jaya Ketujuh Belas|date=2004|publisher=Yayasan Obor Indonesia|isbn=9789794615270|language=id}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In Malaysia, the terms &quot;Indonesian Malay&quot; and &quot;Malaysian Malay&quot; are sometimes used for Indonesian and Malay as spoken in Malaysia. In Indonesia, &quot;Indonesian Malay&quot; usually refers to the vernacular varieties of Malay spoken by the [[Malay Indonesian|Malay peoples of Indonesia]], that is, to Malay as a regional language in [[Sumatra]], though it is rarely used.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wiWguZzOToMC&amp;pg=PA25|title=Masyarakat Indonesia|last=Indonesia|first=Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan|year=1968|publisher=Yayasan Obor Indonesia|language=id}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Bahasa Malaysia'' and ''Bahasa Melayu'' are used interchangeably in reference to Malay in Malaysia.<br /> <br /> [[Malay language|Malay]] was designated as a national language by the Singaporean government after independence from Britain in the 1960s to avoid friction with Singapore's Malay-speaking neighbours of Malaysia and Indonesia.&lt;ref name=fromthirdworldtofirst&gt;{{cite book|title=From Third World to First|author=Lee Kuan Yew|year=2000|publisher=[[Marshall Cavendish]]|location=Singapore}}&lt;/ref&gt; It has a symbolic, rather than functional purpose.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CQgjrpgdU6gC&amp;pg=PA42|title=Language and society in Singapore|publisher=Singapore University Press|first1=Evangelos A.|last1=Afendras|first2=Eddie C.Y.|last2=Kuo|year=1980|isbn=978-9971-69-016-8|access-date=27 February 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&amp;pg=PA2018|title=Sociolinguistics: An international handbook of the science of language and society|publisher=Walter de Gruyter|location=Berlin|first1=Ulrich|last1=Ammon|first2=Norbert|last2=Dittmar|first3=Klaus J.|last3=Mattheier|volume=3|year=2006|isbn=978-3-11-018418-1|access-date=27 February 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; It is used in the national anthem &quot;[[Majulah Singapura]]&quot;,&lt;ref&gt;{{Singapore legislation|title=Singapore Arms and Flag and National Anthem Act|cap=296|ed=1985}}&lt;/ref&gt; in citations of [[Singaporean orders and decorations]] and in military commands.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.singstat.gov.sg/pubn/papers/people/c2000adr-literacy.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091113162718/http://www.singstat.gov.sg/pubn/papers/people/c2000adr-literacy.pdf|archive-date=13 November 2009|url-status=dead|title=Literacy and Language|publisher=Singapore Statistics|access-date=27 February 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Singaporean Malay is officially written in the Latin-based [[Rumi script]], though some Singaporean Malays also learn the Arabic-based [[Jawi alphabet|Jawi script]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=Cook|first1=Vivian|last2=Bassetti|first2=Benedetta|title=Second Language Writing Systems|date=2005|publisher=Multilingual Matters|isbn=978-1-85359-793-0|page=359|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yDLVaYJkyHUC}}&lt;/ref&gt; Jawi is considered an ethnic script for use on Singaporean identity cards.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.ica.gov.sg/page.aspx?pageid=140|title=Update Change of Name in IC|publisher=Immigration and Checkpoints Authority|access-date=29 January 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202101218/https://www.ica.gov.sg/page.aspx?pageid=140|archive-date=2 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Orthography==<br /> <br /> Before the 20th century, Malay was written in a local modified form of the [[Arabic alphabet]] known as [[Jawi script|Jawi]]. During the 20th century, Malay written with [[Roman letters]], known as Rumi, almost completely replaced Jawi in everyday life. The romanisations originally used in [[British Malaya]] (now part of [[Malaysia]]) and the [[Dutch East Indies]] (now [[Indonesia]]) reflected their history as British and Dutch colonial possessions respectively. In British Malaya, the romanisation of Malay, devised by [[Richard James Wilkinson|Richard Wilkinson]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JHgsfADZF9IC&amp;pg=PA94 |title=Spelling and Society: The Culture and Politics of Orthography Around the World |first=Mark |last=Sebba |publisher= Cambridge University Press |year= 2007|isbn=9781139462020 }}&lt;/ref&gt; was influenced by English, whereas in the Dutch East Indies, the [[Van Ophuijsen Spelling System|system devised by C. A. Van Ophuijsen]] was influenced by [[Dutch language|Dutch]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A9UjLYD9jVEC&amp;pg=PA91 |title=The Indonesian Language: Its History and Role in Modern Society |first=James N. |last=Sneddon |publisher=UNSW Press |year=2003|isbn=9780868405988 }}&lt;/ref&gt; As a result, in Indonesia, the vowel {{IPAblink|u}} was formerly represented ''oe'', as in Dutch, although the official spelling of this sound was changed to ''u'' in 1947 when the [[Republican Spelling System]] was used.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PhliAgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA563|title=How Languages Work: An Introduction to Language and Linguistics|last=Genetti|first=Carol|date=23 January 2014|publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=9780521767446}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Similarly, until 1972, {{IPAblink|tʃ}} was represented in Malaysia as ''ch'', whereas in Indonesia, it continued to follow Dutch and used ''tj''. Hence the word for 'grandchild' used to be written as ''{{lang|zsm|chuchu}}'' in Malaysia and ''{{lang|id|tjoetjoe}}'' in Indonesia, until a unified spelling system was introduced in 1972 (known in Indonesia as ''{{lang|id|Ejaan Yang Disempurnakan}}'' or the 'Perfected Spelling') which removed most differences between the two varieties: Malay ''ch'' and Indonesian ''tj'' became ''c'': hence ''{{lang|zsm|cucu}}''.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jones loan words&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sXrxDQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PR11 |title=Loan-Words in Indonesian and Malay |last=Jones|first=Russell|year=2007 |publisher=Yayasan Pustaka Obor Indonesia|isbn=9786024331740}}&lt;/ref&gt; Indonesia abandoned the spelling ''dj'' {{IPAblink|dʒ}} to conform to the ''j'' already in use in Malaysia, while the old Indonesian ''j'' for the semivowel {{IPAblink|j}} was replaced with ''y'' as in Malaysia. Likewise, the [[Voiceless velar fricative|velar fricative]] {{IPAblink|x}} which occurs in many Arabic loanwords, which used to be written 'ch' in Indonesian, became ''kh'' in both languages.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jones loan words&quot; /&gt; However, ''oe'' was retained in some proper names, such as the name of the former vice-president, [[Boediono]] or former minister [[Mohammad Roem]]. The ''ch'' and ''dj'' letter combinations are still encountered in names such as ''Achmad'' and ''Djojo'' (pronounced as ''Akhmad'' and ''Joyo'' respectively), although the post-1972 spelling is now favoured.<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |+Indonesian-Malaysian Spelling Comparison<br /> !IPA<br /> !Malaysian<br /> Old Spelling<br /> !Indonesian <br /> Old Spelling<br /> !Indonesian-Malaysian<br /> Post-1972 Spelling<br /> |-<br /> |/ə/<br /> |ĕ<br /> |e<br /> |e<br /> |-<br /> |/e/<br /> |e<br /> |é<br /> |e<br /> |-<br /> |/tʃ/<br /> |ch<br /> |tj<br /> |c<br /> |-<br /> |/dˤ/<br /> |dh<br /> |<br /> |d<br /> |-<br /> |/dʒ/<br /> |j<br /> |dj<br /> |j<br /> |-<br /> |/x/<br /> |kh<br /> |ch<br /> |kh<br /> |-<br /> |/ɲ/<br /> |ny<br /> |nj<br /> |ny<br /> |-<br /> |/zˤ/<br /> |dz<br /> |<br /> |z<br /> |-<br /> |/ʃ/<br /> |sh<br /> |sj<br /> |sy<br /> |-<br /> |/θ/<br /> |th<br /> |<br /> |s<br /> |-<br /> |/u/<br /> |u<br /> |oe<br /> |u<br /> |-<br /> |/j/<br /> |y<br /> |j<br /> |y<br /> |}<br /> One notable difference in [[punctuation]] between the two languages is the use of different [[decimal mark]]s; Indonesian, influenced by Dutch, uses the [[decimal comma#Countries using Arabic numerals with decimal comma|decimal comma]],&lt;ref&gt;[http://nasional.kompas.com/read/2013/06/14/21044791/Istri.Djoko.Disebut.Beli.Rumah.Rp.7.1.Miliar Istri Djoko Disebut Beli Rumah Rp 7,1 Miliar], ''[[Kompas]]'', 14 June 2013&lt;/ref&gt; whereas Malay, influenced by English, uses the [[decimal comma#Countries using Arabic numerals with decimal point|decimal point]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.utusan.com.my/utusan/Ekonomi/20130606/ek_05/58-IBO-berpotensi-jana-RM1.9b 58 IBO berpotensi jana RM1.9b], ''[[Utusan Melayu]]'', 6 June 2013&lt;/ref&gt; A glossary of [[Information Technology]] terminology, available in English, Indonesian, and Malay, was published to facilitate the comparison and comprehension of language variations among individuals in Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, and Brunei who are seeking assistance and information online.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.amazon.in/Glossary-Computer-Terms-English-Indonesian-Malay-Gunarto-ebook/dp/B0BX633QV4/ref=monarch_sidesheet |title=Glossary of IT and Computer Terms: English-Indonesian-Malay |publisher=Kindle KDP Amazon Publishing, 2023, [[Hary Gunarto]]|access-date=October 7, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Pronunciation==<br /> <br /> Pronunciation also tends to be very different, with East Malaysia, Standard Singapore, and Indonesia pronouncing words in a form called ''Bahasa Baku'',&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MKdMDgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA6|title=A grammar of Papuan Malay|last=Kluge|first=Angela|date=8 July 2016|publisher=Language Science Press|isbn=9783944675862}}&lt;/ref&gt; where the words are pronounced as spelled.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Dw-YBwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA230|title=Pidgins, Creoles and Mixed Languages: An Introduction|last=Velupillai|first=Viveka|date=15 April 2015|publisher=John Benjamins Publishing Company|isbn=9789027268846}}&lt;/ref&gt; Moreover, enunciation tends to be clipped, staccato and faster than on the Malay Peninsula, which is spoken at a more languorous pace. Many vowels are pronounced (and were formerly spelt) differently in Peninsular Malaysia, Colloquial Singapore, and Riau Sumatra: ''{{lang|zsm|tujuh}}'' is pronounced (and was spelt) ''{{lang|zsm|tujoh}}'', ''{{lang|zsm|pilih}}'' as ''{{lang|zsm|pileh}}'', etc., and many final ''a'''s tend to be pronounced as [[schwa]]s; {{IPA|[e]}} and {{IPA|[o]}} are also allophones of {{IPA|/i/}} and {{IPA|/u/}} in closed final syllables in peninsular Malaysian, Colloquial Singaporean and Riau Sumatran varieties of Malay; These pronunciation rules is known as [[Johor]]-[[Riau]] pronunciation.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uyY6HJYcEKYC&amp;pg=PA209|title=Status Change of Languages|last1=Ammon|first1=Ulrich|last2=Hellinger|first2=Marlis|date=1992|publisher=Walter de Gruyter|isbn=9783110126686}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gPekCgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT82|title=Early History of Penang (Penerbit USM)|last=Salleh|editor-first=Muhammad |editor-last=Haji|date=27 August 2015|publisher=Penerbit USM|isbn=9789838616577}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; <br /> |+Comparison of several standard pronunciations of Malay&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last=Abu Bakar |first=Mukhlis |date=2019-12-18 |title=Sebutan Johor-Riau dan Sebutan Baku dalam Konteks Identiti Masyarakat Melayu Singapura |url=http://publisher.unimas.my/ojs/index.php/ILS/article/view/1521 |journal=Issues in Language Studies |volume=8 |issue=2 |doi=10.33736/ils.1521.2019 |s2cid=213343934 |issn=2180-2726|doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> !<br /> ! style=text-align:center | Example<br /> ! style=text-align:center | ''Johor-Riau'' (''Piawai'')<br /> Pronunciation<br /> ! style=text-align:center | Northern Peninsular<br /> Pronunciation<br /> ! style=text-align:center| ''Baku'' &amp; Indonesian<br /> Pronunciation<br /> |-<br /> |⟨a⟩ in final open syllable <br /> |style=text-align:center | ⟨keret'''a'''⟩<br /> |style=text-align:center | /ə/<br /> |style=text-align:center | /a/<br /> |style=text-align:center | /a/<br /> |-<br /> |⟨i⟩ in final closed syllable with final ⟨n⟩ and ⟨ng⟩ <br /> |style=text-align:center | ⟨kamb'''i'''ng⟩<br /> |style=text-align:center | /e/<br /> |style=text-align:center | /i/<br /> |style=text-align:center | /i/<br /> |-<br /> |⟨i⟩ in final closed syllable with other final consonants <br /> |style=text-align:center | ⟨it'''i'''k⟩<br /> |style=text-align:center | /e/<br /> |style=text-align:center | /e/<br /> |style=text-align:center | /i/<br /> |-<br /> |⟨u⟩ in final closed syllable with final ⟨n⟩ and ⟨ng⟩ <br /> |style=text-align:center | ⟨tah'''u'''n⟩<br /> |style=text-align:center | /o/<br /> |style=text-align:center | /u/<br /> |style=text-align:center | /u/<br /> |-<br /> |⟨u⟩ in final closed syllable with other final consonants <br /> |style=text-align:center | ⟨lump'''u'''r⟩<br /> |style=text-align:center | /o/<br /> |style=text-align:center | /o/<br /> |style=text-align:center | /u/<br /> |-<br /> |final ⟨r⟩<br /> |style=text-align:center | ⟨lumpu'''r'''⟩<br /> |style=text-align:center | silent<br /> |style=text-align:center | /r/<br /> |style=text-align:center | /r/<br /> |}<br /> <br /> The names for Latin letters are also of different origins, Indonesian names are from Dutch, while Malaysian Malay names are from English (see [[Malay alphabet|Malay-Indonesian alphabet]]).<br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> ! width=&quot;30%&quot; | Word<br /> ! width=&quot;35%&quot; | (Malaysian) Malay<br /> ! width=&quot;35%&quot; | Indonesian <br /> |-<br /> | ABC || {{IPA-ms|/e/./bi/./si/|}} || {{IPA-id|/a/./be/./t͡ʃe/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[Automated teller machine|ATM]] || {{IPA-ms|/e/./ti/./em/|}} || {{IPA-id|/a/./te/./em/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[A minor]] || {{IPA-ms|/e/ maj.nə|}} || {{IPA-id|/a/ mi.nor|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[Bunga Citra Lestari|BCL]] || {{IPA-ms|/bi/./si/./el/|}} || {{IPA-id|/be/./t͡ʃe/./el/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[BMW]] || {{IPA-ms|/bi/./em/./dabəlˈju/|}} || {{IPA-id|/be/./em/./we/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[COD (disambiguation)|COD]] || {{IPA-ms|/si/./o/./di/|}} || {{IPA-id|/t͡ʃe/./o/./de/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[DNA]] || {{IPA-ms|/di/./en/./e/|}} || {{IPA-id|/de/./en/./a/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[E minor]] || {{IPA-ms|/i/ maj.nə|}} || {{IPA-id|/e/ mi.nor|}}<br /> |-<br /> | generasi || {{IPA-ms|d͡ʒə.nə.ra.si|}} || {{IPA-id|ɡe.nə.ra.si|}}<br /> |-<br /> | ghaib (ms), gaib (id) || {{IPA-ms|ɣɑ.ib|}} || {{IPA-id|ga.ib|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[High-definition television|HD]] || {{IPA-ms|/het͡ʃ/./di/|}} || {{IPA-id|/ha/./de/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[HDMI]] || {{IPA-ms|/het͡ʃ/./di/./em/./aj/|}} || {{IPA-id|/ha/./de/./em/./i/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[HIV]] || {{IPA-ms|/het͡ʃ/./aj/./vi/|}} || {{IPA-id|/ha/./i/./fe/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[HRD (disambiguation)|HRD]] || {{IPA-ms|/het͡ʃ/./a:/./di/|}} || {{IPA-id|/ha/./er/./de/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | idea (ms), ide (id) || {{IPA-ms|aj.di.jə|}} || {{IPA-id|i.de|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[IMF]] || {{IPA-ms|/aj/./em/./ef/|}} || {{IPA-id|/i/./em/./ef/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | Ireland (ms), Irlandia (id) || {{IPA-ms|ˈaɪə.lənd|}} || {{IPA-id|ir.lan.di.ja|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[Bandung Institute of Technology|ITB]]<br /> | {{IPA-ms|/aj/./ti/./bi/|}} || {{IPA-id|/i/./te/./be/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[Kereta Cepat Indonesia China|KCIC]]<br /> | {{IPA-ms|/ke/./si/./aj/./si/|}} || {{IPA-id|/ka/./t͡ʃe/./i/./t͡ʃe/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[KLIA]] || {{IPA-ms|/ke/./el/./aj/./e/|}} || {{IPA-id|/ka/./el/./i/./a/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | koir (ms), kor (id) || {{IPA-ms|kwa.jər|}} || {{IPA-id|kor|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[LGBT]] || {{IPA-ms|/el/./d͡ʒi/./bi/./ti/|}} || {{IPA-id|/el/./ge/./be/./te/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[Malaysia]] || {{IPA-ms|mə.le.sjə|}} || {{IPA-id|ma.laj.siʲa|}} <br /> |-<br /> | November || {{IPA-ms|no.vɛm.bər|}} || {{IPA-id|no.fɛm.bər|}}<br /> |-<br /> | protein || {{IPA-ms|pro.tin|}} || {{IPA-id|pro.te.in|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[Radio Televisyen Malaysia|RTM]] || {{IPA-ms|/a:/./ti/./em/|}} || {{IPA-id|/er/./te/./em/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[RCTI]] || {{IPA-ms|/a:/./si/./ti/./aj/|}} || {{IPA-id|/er/./t͡ʃe/./te/./i/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[SCTV (TV network)]] || {{IPA-ms|/es/./si/./ti/./vi/|}} || {{IPA-id|/es/./t͡ʃe/./te/./fe/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission|SPRM]] || {{IPA-ms|/es/./pi/./a:/./em/|}} || {{IPA-id|/es/./pe/./er/./em/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | spesies || {{IPA-ms|spe.sis|}} || {{IPA-id|spe.si.jɛs|}}<br /> |-<br /> | teknologi || {{IPA-ms|tɛk.no.lo.d͡ʒi|}} || {{IPA-id|tɛk.no.lo.ɡi|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[TVRI]] || {{IPA-ms|/ti/./vi/./a:/./aj/|}} || {{IPA-id|/te/./fe/./er/./i/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | Ukraine (ms), Ukraina (id) || {{IPA-ms|ju.kren|}} || {{IPA-id|u.kraj.na|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[UNHCR]] || {{IPA-ms|/ju/./en/./het͡ʃ/./si/./a:/|}} || {{IPA-id|/u/./en/./ha/./t͡ʃe/./er/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[University of Technology Malaysia|UTM]]<br /> | {{IPA-ms|/ju/./ti/./em/|}} || {{IPA-id|/u/./te/./em/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[WFH]] || {{IPA-ms|/dabəlˈju/./ef/./het͡ʃ/|}} || {{IPA-id|/we/./ef/./ha/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[WHO]] || {{IPA-ms|/dabəlˈju/./het͡ʃ/./o/|}} || {{IPA-id|/we/./ha/./o/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[WWW]] || {{IPA-ms|/dabəlˈju/./dabəlˈju/./dabəlˈju/|}} || {{IPA-id|/we/./we/./we/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | xilem || {{IPA-ms|zi.ləm|}} || {{IPA-id|si.ləm|}}<br /> |-<br /> | xilofon || {{IPA-ms|zi.lo.fon|}} || {{IPA-id|si.lo.fon|}}<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Syllabification==<br /> <br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> ! width=&quot;30%&quot; | Word<br /> ! width=&quot;35%&quot; | (Malaysian) Malay syllabification<br /> ! width=&quot;35%&quot; | Indonesian syllabification<br /> |-<br /> | problem || {{lang|zsm|mas.a.lah}} || {{lang|id|ma.sa.lah}}<br /> |-<br /> | start || {{lang|zsm|mu.la.i}} || {{lang|id|mu.lai}}<br /> |-<br /> | weather || {{lang|zsm|cua.ca}} || {{lang|id|cu.a.ca}}<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Vocabulary ==<br /> {{Wiktionary|Appendix:Indonesian–Standard Malay relations}}<br /> <br /> === Word derivation and compounds ===<br /> Indonesian and (Standard Malaysian) Malay have similar derivation and compounds rule. However, there is difference on quasi-past participle or participle-like adjective when attached to a noun or verb. (Standard Malaysian) Malay uses prefix ''ber-'' to denote such, while Indonesian uses prefix ''ter-'' to do so. It is important to note that prefix ber- can denote several other meanings.<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |+<br /> ! width=&quot;20%&quot;|English<br /> ! width=&quot;40%&quot;|(Malaysian) Malay<br /> ! width=&quot;40%&quot;|Indonesian<br /> |-<br /> |'''registered''' &lt;small&gt;(having had one's name added to an official list or entered into a register)&lt;/small&gt;<br /> |'''''&lt;u&gt;ber&lt;/u&gt;'''daftar''<br /> |'''''&lt;u&gt;ter&lt;/u&gt;'''daftar''<br /> |-<br /> |'''local'''<br /> |''tempat'''&lt;u&gt;an&lt;/u&gt;'''''<br /> |'''''&lt;u&gt;se&lt;/u&gt;'''tempat''<br /> |-<br /> |'''honorable'''<br /> |'''''&lt;u&gt;ber&lt;/u&gt;'''hormat''<br /> |'''''&lt;u&gt;ter&lt;/u&gt;'''hormat''<br /> |-<br /> |'''written''' &lt;small&gt;(having been written)&lt;/small&gt;<br /> |'''''&lt;u&gt;ber&lt;/u&gt;'''tulis''<br /> |'''''&lt;u&gt;ter&lt;/u&gt;'''tulis''<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === Loanword source differences ===<br /> {{More citations needed section|date=February 2024}}<br /> Indonesian and Malaysian Malay both differ in the forms of loanwords used due to division of the Malay Archipelago by the Dutch and the British and their long-lasting colonial influences, as a consequence of the [[Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824]]: Indonesian absorbed primarily Dutch loanwords whereas Malaysian Malay absorbed primarily English words. Pronunciation of certain loanwords in Malaysian Malay follows English, while in Indonesian it follows Dutch, for example Malay &quot;{{lang|zsm|televisyen}}&quot; (from English: television) and Indonesian &quot;{{lang|id|televisi}}&quot; (from Dutch: ''{{lang|nl|televisie}}''); the &quot;-syen&quot; and &quot;-si&quot; also prevail in some other words, though &quot;-si&quot; has become more preferred in Malay of late.{{cn|date=February 2024}}<br /> <br /> Malaysian Malay has also experienced significant conservative pushback as precedent entities that existed within the British sphere made efforts to create words that would fit naturally foreign ideas of governance and thought through a Malay-oriented context. The Pakatan Belajar Mengajar Pengetahuan Bahasa in [[Johore]] headed by [[Abdul Rahman Andak]] during the 19th century was especially important in introducing [[neologism]]s like ''pejabat'' (&quot;office&quot;, cf. Indonesian ''kantor'' from {{lang|nl|kantoor}}) and ''setiausaha'' (&quot;secretary&quot;, cf. Indo ''sekretaris'' from {{lang-nl|secretaris}}) into the Malay lexicon.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Sejarah Perancangan Bahasa Melayu di Negeri Johor|last=Amat Juhari Moain|publisher=[[Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka]]|year=2009|isbn=9789836297914|location=[[Kuala Lumpur]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; For example, the word for 'post office' in Malaysia is &quot;{{lang|zsm|pejabat pos}}&quot; (in Indonesia this means 'post officer'), whereas in Indonesia it is &quot;{{lang|id|kantor pos}}&quot;.<br /> <br /> There are also some [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] influences: in Indonesia, Christmas is known as &quot;{{lang|id|Natal}}&quot;, whereas Malaysia uses both &quot;Natal&quot; and &quot;{{lang|zsm|Krismas}}&quot;, the latter derived from English. There are also instances where the Malaysian Malay version derives from English pronunciation while the Indonesian version takes its cue from [[Latin]]. The Latin preference of the (older) Indonesian intellectuals in these instances may be ascribed to the influence of their classical-oriented education when [[Gymnasium (school)|''Gymnasium'']] schools were established during the Dutch colonial period: compare Malaysian Malay ''{{lang|zsm|kualiti}}'', ''{{lang|zsm|kuantiti}}'', ''{{lang|zsm|majoriti}}'', ''{{lang|zsm|minoriti}}'' and ''{{lang|zsm|universiti}}'' with Indonesian ''{{lang|id|kualitas}}'', ''{{lang|id|kuantitas}}'', ''{{lang|id|mayoritas}}'', ''{{lang|id|minoritas}}'' and ''{{lang|id|universitas}}''.{{cn|date=February 2024}}<br /> <br /> Some words which are spelt the same in both languages may even carry entirely different meanings in the other language, potentially leading to humorous or embarrassing situations: while ''{{lang|id|baja}}'' means &quot;steel&quot; in Indonesian,&lt;ref&gt;[https://kbbi.web.id/baja Arti kata baja]. [[Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia]]. Retrieved 23 April 2024&lt;/ref&gt; in Malaysian Malay it means &quot;fertiliser&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;[https://prpm.dbp.gov.my/cari1?keyword=baja Definisi baja]. [[Kamus Dewan]]. Retrieved 23 April 2024&lt;/ref&gt; Also, whereas the Indonesian word ''{{lang|id|butuh}}'' (from [[Sundanese language|Sundanese]] ᮘᮥᮒᮥᮂ butuh) means &quot;require&quot; or &quot;need&quot;,&lt;ref&gt;[https://kbbi.web.id/butuh Arti kata butuh]. Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia. Retrieved 23 April 2024&lt;/ref&gt; in Malay, it is a vulgar slang term referring to male genitalia.&lt;ref&gt;[https://prpm.dbp.gov.my/cari1?keyword=butuh Definisi butuh]. Kamus Dewan. Retrieved 23 April 2024&lt;/ref&gt; Conversely, where the word &quot;{{lang|zsm|banci}}&quot; seems innocuous enough in Malaysia (&quot;census&quot;),&lt;ref&gt;[https://prpm.dbp.gov.my/cari1?keyword=banci Definisi banci]. Kamus Dewan. Retrieved 23 April 2024&lt;/ref&gt; in Indonesia it is a derogatory term for &quot;transvestite&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;[https://kbbi.web.id/banci Arti kata banci]. Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia. Retrieved 23 April 2024&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The relatively large share of Islamic (Arabic or Persian) loan words shared by Malaysian Malay and Indonesian often poses no difficulty in comprehension and usage, although some forms may have developed a (slightly) different meaning or have become obsolete either in Malaysian Malay or in Indonesian, e.g. ''{{lang|zsm|khidmat}}'', ''{{lang|zsm|wakil}}''.{{cn|date=February 2024}}<br /> <br /> === English loanwords ===<br /> One of the most important aspect in differences between Malay (Malaysian and Brunei) and Indonesian is the degree of influence from English. Apart from being heavily influenced by the Dutch language, the Indonesian language also adopted a significant number of English loanwords in its vocabulary, although English did not play significant role on the Indonesian language and in fact most of these vocabulary are of Dutch origin – Dutch and English share a similar [[Germanic languages|Germanic origin]], and Dutch has also borrowed from [[Latin]], although to a lesser extent than English. There have been many changes in Indonesian as a result of its historical development. Words have been freely borrowed from English and only partly assimilated, in many cases, to the Indonesian patterns of structure.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Indonesian reference grammar|page=2|author=Roderick Ross Macdonald |isbn=9780878401635 |year= 1976 |publisher=Georgetown University Press|location=Georgetown, USA}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> By the late 1970s, English words began pouring into the language, leading one commentator, writing in 1977, to refer to the &quot;trend towards Indo-Saxonization&quot;,&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=sYUbAAAAIAAJ&amp;q=%22Indo-Saxonization%22 ''The Indonesian Quarterly''], Yayasan Proklamasi, [[Centre for Strategic and International Studies]], 1977 Volume 5, Issues 1–3, page 76&lt;/ref&gt; known in Indonesian as ''{{lang|id|pengindosaksonan}}''. Many loanwords from English sometimes fulfill no communicative need, expressing concepts adequately covered by existing words. Among the examples are: ''{{lang|id|akurat}}'' instead of ''{{lang|id|tepat}}'' (accurate, Dutch {{lang|nl|accuraat}}), ''{{lang|id|aliansi}}'' in the place of ''{{lang|id|sekutu}}'' (alliance, Dutch {{lang|nl|alliantie}}), ''{{lang|id|eksis}}'' rather than ''{{lang|id|ada}}'' (exist), ''{{lang|id|kandidat}}'' as well as ''{{lang|id|calon}}'' (candidate, Dutch {{lang|nl|kandidaat}}), ''{{lang|id|konklusi}}'' instead of ''{{lang|id|kesimpulan}}'' (conclusion, Dutch {{lang|nl|conclusie}}), ''{{lang|id|kontaminasi}}'' in the place of ''{{lang|id|pencemaran}}'' (contamination, Dutch {{lang|nl|contaminatie}}), ''{{lang|id|opini}}'' rather than ''{{lang|id|pendapat}}'' (opinion, Dutch {{lang|nl|opinie}}) and ''{{lang|id|opsi}}'' in the place of ''{{lang|id|pilihan}}'' (option, Dutch {{lang|nl|optie}}).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=A Study of the Evolution of the Malay Language: Social Change and Cognitive Development|page=14 |author=Seong Chee Tham|isbn= 978-9971691363|year=1991|publisher=Singapore University Press|location=Singapore}}&lt;/ref&gt; However, these ''{{lang|id|pengindosaksonan}}'' is not directly borrowed from English, but through their cognates in Dutch pronunciations as ''{{lang|id|<br /> Pedoman Umum Pembentukan Istilah}}'' is heavily influenced by Dutch cognates.<br /> <br /> === Social and cultural differences ===<br /> Lexical items that reflect separate social and cultural development.<br /> <br /> ==== Education ====<br /> Indonesia has a more uniform nationwide system of terms than does Malaysia. ''Public school'' (a publicly funded and administered school) is known as ''sekolah negeri'' in Indonesian and ''sekolah kebangsaan'' in Malaysia. Meanwhile, ''sekolah tinggi'' is translation of [[high school]] in Malaysia (similar to English usage), while it refers to [[university college]] in Indonesia (similar to Flanders Dutch ''hogeschool''). <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |+School Years for Academic/General School System in Standard Malay and Indonesian<br /> !Age Range<br /> !Malaysian Malay<br /> !Singaporean Malay<br /> !Brunei Malay<br /> !Indonesian<br /> |-<br /> |1-4<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |3-5<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |'''Sekolah Rendah'''<br /> |'''Sekolah Rendah'''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |5-6<br /> |Darjah 1 (Satu)<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |6-7<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Darjah 2 (Dua)<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |<br /> |'''Sekolah Rendah'''<br /> |'''Sekolah Dasar (SD)'''<br /> |-<br /> |Tahun 1 (Satu)<br /> |Kelas 1 (Satu)<br /> |-<br /> |7-8<br /> |Darjah 3 (Tiga)<br /> |<br /> |Tahun 2 (Dua)<br /> |Kelas 2 (Dua)<br /> |-<br /> |8-9<br /> |Darjah 4 (Empat)<br /> |<br /> |Tahun 3 (Tiga)<br /> |Kelas 3 (Tiga)<br /> |-<br /> |9-10<br /> |Darjah 5 (Lima)<br /> |<br /> |Tahun 4 (Empat)<br /> |Kelas 4 (Empat)<br /> |-<br /> |10-11<br /> |Darjah 6 (Enam)<br /> |<br /> |Tahun 5 (Lima)<br /> |Kelas 5 (Lima)<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |11-12<br /> |'''Sekolah Menengah'''<br /> |'''Sekolah Menengah'''<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Tahun 6 (Enam)<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Kelas 6 (Enam)<br /> |-<br /> |Tingkatan 1 (Satu)<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |12-13<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Tingkatan 2 (Dua)<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |<br /> |'''Sekolah Menengah'''<br /> |'''Sekolah Menengah Pertama (SMP)'''<br /> |-<br /> |Tahun 7 (Tujuh)<br /> |Kelas 7 (Tujuh)<br /> |-<br /> |13-14<br /> |Tingkatan 3 (Tiga)<br /> |<br /> |Tahun 8 (Lapan)<br /> |Kelas 8 (Delapan)<br /> |-<br /> |14-15<br /> |Tingkatan 4 (Empat)<br /> |<br /> |Tahun 9 (Sembilan)<br /> |Kelas 9 (Sembilan)<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |15-16<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Tingkatan 5 (Lima)<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Tahun 10 (Sepuluh)<br /> |'''Sekolah Menengah Atas (SMA)'''<br /> |-<br /> |Kelas 10 (Sepuluh)<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |16-17<br /> |'''Kolej Tingkatan Enam''' <br /> '''Kolej Matrikulasi'''<br /> |'''Maktab Rendah'''<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Tahun 11 (Sebelas)<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Kelas 11 (Sebelas)<br /> |-<br /> |Tingkatan 6 (Enam) Bawah<br /> Matrikulasi<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |17-18<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Tingkatan 6 (Enam) Atas<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |<br /> |'''Prauniversiti'''<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Kelas 12 (Duabelas)<br /> |-<br /> |Tahun 12 (Duabelas)<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> | colspan=&quot;4&quot; |'''Tertiary Education'''<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Convergence and divergence ==<br /> The rift of evolution between the two languages is based more on political nuance and the history of their formation than on cultural reasons. As a result, views regarding each other's languages differ amongst Malaysians and Indonesians. In Malaysia, the national language is Malay; in Indonesia, it is Indonesian. Malaysians tend to assert that Malay and Indonesian are merely different varieties of the same language, while Indonesians tend to treat them as separate – albeit closely related – languages. The result of this attitude is that the Indonesians feel little need to synchronize their language with Malaysia, Singapore and Brunei, whereas the Malaysians are keener to coordinate the evolution of the language with the Indonesians.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.yawningbread.org/arch_2005/yax-455.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304060400/http://www.yawningbread.org/arch_2005/yax-455.htm|archive-date=4 March 2016|title=Who is Malay?|date=July 2005}}&lt;/ref&gt; However, both parties have realized that communication benefits from mutually comprehensible and intelligible languages, which motivated efforts to synchronize the languages' development. The effort to synchronize both languages' evolution to increase their mutual intelligibility has been embarked by imposing standard [[rules of language]]. This process is headed by [[Language Development and Fostering Agency|Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa]] on the Indonesian side and [[Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka]] as its Malaysian counterpart through [[Majlis Bahasa Brunei-Indonesia-Malaysia]] (MABBIM). Authorities in both Brunei and Singapore generally abide by the Malaysian standard in disputes.{{cn|date=February 2024}} Although, MABBIM is not working properly which reflects Indonesian attitude of little need to synchronize their language.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Amin |first=Manzaidi Mohd |date=2022-04-21 |title=Terima hakikat negara jiran tolak penggunaan bahasa Melayu bahasa pengantar - MPN |trans-title=Accept the fact that neighboring countries reject the use of Malay as the medium of instruction - MPN |url=https://malaysiagazette.com/2022/04/21/terima-hakikat-negara-jiran-tolak-penggunaan-bahasa-melayu-bahasa-pengantar-mpn/ |url-status=live |access-date=2024-06-07 |work=Malaysia Gazette}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Indonesia akan tolak selagi Malaysia guna istilah 'Bahasa Melayu' |trans-title=Indonesia will reject as long as Malaysia uses the term 'Malay' |url=https://www.astroawani.com/berita-malaysia/indonesia-akan-tolak-selagi-malaysia-guna-istilah-bahasa-melayu-357992 |url-status=live |work=Astro Awani}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Example ==<br /> '''Original text in Indonesian''':&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.antaranews.com/berita/261056/draghi-krisis-zona-euro-berisiko-sistemik Antara News – Draghi: Krisis Zona Euro Berisiko &quot;Sistemik&quot;]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> :{{lang|id|Apabila peraturan}} '''''{{lang|id|pakta stabilitas Eropa}}''''' {{lang|id|dihormati sampai ke}} '''''{{lang|id|detail}}'''''{{lang|id|nya}}, '''''{{lang|id|rasio utang publik}}''''' ''{{lang|id|dibanding}}'' '''''{{lang|id|produk domestik bruto}}''''' {{lang|id|pada}} {{lang|id|hari}} {{lang|id|krisis akan berada di}} '''''{{lang|id|posisi}}''''' {{lang|id|10}} '''''{{lang|id|persentase poin}}''''' {{lang|id|kurang dalam}} '''''{{lang|id|zona}}''''' {{lang|id|euro, katanya}}.<br /> <br /> '''In Malay (Malaysian and Brunei)''':<br /> :{{lang|zsm|Jika peraturan}} '''''{{lang|zsm|pakatan kestabilan Eropah}}''''' {{lang|zsm|dihormati secara ter}}'''{{lang|zsm|perinci}}''', '''''{{lang|zsm|nisbah hutang awam}}''''' ''{{lang|zsm|berbanding}}'' '''''{{lang|zsm|keluaran dalam negara kasar}}''''' {{lang|zsm|pada}} {{lang|zsm|zaman}} {{lang|zsm|krisis akan berada di}} '''''{{lang|zsm|kedudukan}}''''' 10 '''''{{lang|zsm|mata peratusan}}''''' {{lang|zsm|kurang dalam}} '''''{{lang|zsm|zon}}''''' {{lang|zsm|euro, kata beliau}}.<br /> <br /> '''In English''':<br /> :If the '''''European stability pact''''' rules had been respected in '''''detail''''', the '''''ratio of public debt''''' ''to'' '''''gross domestic product''''' on the '''days''' of crisis would have been at the '''''position''''' 10 '''''percentage points''''' less in the euro'''''zone''''', he said.<br /> The following texts are excerpts from the official translations of the [[Universal Declaration of Human Rights]] in Indonesian and Malay (Malaysian and Brunei), along with the original declaration in English.<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |+<br /> ![[Indonesian language|Indonesian]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Pernyataan Umum tentang Hak-Hak Asasi Manusia |trans-title=Universal Declaration of Human Rights |url=https://www.ohchr.org/en/human-rights/universal-declaration/translations/indonesian |access-date=2024-06-07 |website=OHCHR}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> !Malay (Malaysia and Brunei)&lt;ref name=&quot;:21&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Perisytiharan Hak Asasi Manusia Sejagat |trans-title=Universal Declaration of Human Rights |url=http://www.ohchr.org/EN/UDHR/Pages/Language.aspx?LangID=mli |website=OHCHR |language=ms}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> !English&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Universal Declaration of Human Rights: English |url=http://www.ohchr.org/EN/UDHR/Pages/Language.aspx?LangID=eng |website=OHCHR}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |- style=&quot;vertical-align: top;&quot;<br /> | lang=&quot;id&quot; |Maka,<br /> Majelis Umum memproklamasikan<br /> <br /> '''PERNYATAAN UMUM TENTANG HAK ASASI MANUSIA''' sebagai satu standar umum keberhasilan untuk semua bangsa dan negara, dengan tujuan agar setiap orang dan setiap badan dalam masyarakat dengan senantiasa mengingat Pernyataan ini, akan berusaha dengan jalan mengajar dan mendidik untuk menggalakkan penghargaan terhadap hak-hak dan kebebasan-kebebasan tersebut, dan dengan jalan tindakan-tindakan progresif yang bersifat nasional maupun internasional, menjamin pengakuan dan penghormatannya secara universal dan efektif, baik oleh bangsa-bangsa dari negara anggota sendiri maupun oleh bangsa-bangsa dari daerah-daerah yang berada di bawah kekuasaan hukum mereka.<br /> <br /> '''Pasal 1''' Semua orang dilahirkan merdeka dan mempunyai martabat dan hak-hak yang sama. Mereka dikaruniai akal dan hati nurani dan hendaknya bergaul satu sama lain dalam semangat persaudaraan.<br /> | lang=&quot;zsm&quot; |Maka dengan ini,<br /> Perhimpunan Agung mengisytiharkan<br /> <br /> '''PERISYTIHARAN SEJAGAT HAK ASASI MANUSIA''' ini sebagai suatu ukuran bersama terhadap pencapaian oleh seluruh umat manusia dan kesemua negara dengan tujuan supaya setiap individu dan setiap badan masyarakat, dengan sentiasa mengingati Perisytiharan ini, hendaklah berazam melalui pengajaran dan pendidikan bagi memajukan sanjungan terhadap seluruh hak-hak dan kebebasan ini dan secara langkah-langkah berperingkat-peringkat, di bidang negara dan antarabangsa, bagi menjaminkan pengkitirafan dan pematuhan sejagatnya yang berkesan, kedua-duanya di antara negara-negara anggota masing-masing dan rakyat wilayah-wilayah di bawah bidang kuasa mereka.<br /> <br /> '''Perkara 1''' Semua manusia dilahirkan bebas dan samarata dari segi kemuliaan dan hak-hak. Mereka mempunyai pemikiran dan perasaan hati dan hendaklah bertindak di antara satu sama lain dengan semangat persaudaraan<br /> | lang=&quot;en&quot; |Now, therefore,<br /> The General Assembly proclaims<br /> <br /> This '''UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS''' as a common standard of achievement for all peoples and all nations, to the end that every individual and every organ of society, keeping this Declaration constantly in mind, shall strive by teaching and education to promote respect for these rights and freedoms and by progressive measures, national and international, to secure their universal and effective recognition and observance, both among the peoples of Member States themselves and among the peoples of territories under their jurisdiction.<br /> <br /> '''Article 1''' All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[Majlis Bahasa Brunei-Indonesia-Malaysia]]<br /> * [[Malay orthography|Malay-Indonesian orthography]]<br /> * [[Malay grammar|Malay-Indonesian grammar]]<br /> * [[Indonesian orthography]]<br /> * [[Indonesian slang]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * {{cite journal |first=Asmah |last=Haji Omar |title=The Malay Spelling Reform |journal=Journal of the Simplified Spelling Society |year=1989 |pages=9–13 |url=http://www.spellingsociety.org/journals/j11/malay.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060927160151/http://www.spellingsociety.org/journals/j11/malay.php |archive-date=27 September 2006 |url-status=dead |access-date=2 November 2006 }}<br /> * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120530225650/http://badanbahasa.kemdiknas.go.id/kbbi/ Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia]. 2008. Pusat Bahasa, Departemen Pendidikan Nasional<br /> * {{cite web | author=Regina Pasys | title=Ternyata 4 Negara Ini Mempunya Bahasa yang Mirip dengan Bahasa Indonesia, Sudah Tahu?| publisher=Grid Kids| url=https://kids.grid.id/read/472255841/keren-ternyata-4-negara-ini-mempunya-bahasa-yang-mirip-dengan-bahasa-indonesia-sudah-tahu?page=all}}<br /> * [http://www.tufs.ac.jp/ts/personal/nomoto/ejaan.pdf Senarai komprehensif perbezaan ejaan Malaysia dan ejaan Indonesia], Hiroki Nomoto, Nahoko Yamashita, Ayano Osaka (orthographic differences between Standard Malay and Indonesian)<br /> * convection era [http://konveksibaju.id/]<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Comparison of Standard Malay and Indonesian}}<br /> [[Category:Malay language]]<br /> [[Category:Indonesian language]]<br /> [[Category:Language comparison]]<br /> [[Category:False friends]]<br /> [[Category:Indonesia–Malaysia relations]]</div> Xbypass https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Comparison_of_Indonesian_and_Standard_Malay&diff=1239055501 Comparison of Indonesian and Standard Malay 2024-08-07T03:30:41Z <p>Xbypass: /* Orthography */</p> <hr /> <div>{{short description|Linguistic comparison}}<br /> {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2019}}<br /> {{Wiktionary|Appendix:Indonesian–Standard Malay relations}}<br /> <br /> [[Indonesian language|Indonesian]] and [[Malaysian Malay]] are two standardised varieties of the [[Malay language]], the former used officially in [[Indonesia]] (and in [[Timor Leste]] as a working language) and the latter in [[Brunei]], [[Malaysia]] and [[Singapore]]. Both varieties are generally [[mutual intelligibility|mutually intelligible]], yet there are noticeable differences in spelling, grammar, pronunciation and vocabulary, as well as the predominant source of loanwords.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OtWdhQ7vc6kC&amp;pg=PA71|title=The Austronesian Languages of Asia and Madagascar|last1=Adelaar|first1=K. Alexander|last2=Himmelmann|first2=Nikolaus|date=7 March 2013|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781136755095|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nEYsAwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA50|title=Indonesia-Malaysia Relations: Cultural Heritage, Politics and Labour Migration|last1=Clark|first1=Marshall|last2=Pietsch|first2=Juliet|date=26 March 2014|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781317808886|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZpnlOCB8htQC&amp;q=bahasa+melayu+indonesia+malaysia|title=Kesenjangan leksikal bahasa Melayu Malaysia dan bahasa Indonesia|last=Ahmad|first=Ibrahim|date=2011|publisher=Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka|isbn=9789834605209|language=ms}}&lt;/ref&gt; The differences can range from those mutually unintelligible with one another, to those having a closer familial resemblance. The regionalised and localised varieties of Malay can become a catalyst for intercultural conflict, especially in higher education.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |url=http://www.educ.utas.edu.au/users/tle/JOURNAL/issues/2007/22-1.pdf |title=The Reality of Bahasa Melayu and Bahasa Indonesia in Academia |author1=Hafriza Burhanudeen |author2=Nor Zakiah Abdul Hamid |author3=Norsimah Mat Awal |author4=Mohd Azlan Mis |publisher=Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia |journal=The International Journal of Language Society and Culture |access-date=9 July 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080726045845/http://www.educ.utas.edu.au/users/tle/JOURNAL/issues/2007/22-1.pdf |archive-date=26 July 2008 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4MBTBQAAQBAJ&amp;q=Malay+language+Indonesia|title=A Critical Survey of Studies on Malay and Bahasa Indonesia: Bibliographical|last=Teeuw|first=A.|date=17 April 2013|publisher=Springer Science &amp; Business Media|isbn=9789401187886|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ETXiBwAAQBAJ&amp;q=Indonesian+language+lingua+franca&amp;pg=PT154|title=Consequences of Contact: Language Ideologies and Sociocultural Transformations in Pacific Societies|last1=Makihara|first1=Miki|last2=Schieffelin|first2=Bambi B.|date=27 September 2007|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780190295936|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Perception==<br /> To non-native speakers the two varieties may seem identical, but to native speakers the differences are noticeable through both diction and accent. They affect the broadcasting industry with regard to foreign language subtitling, for example, in DVD movies and on cable TV. In order to reach a wider audience, both Indonesian and Malay subtitles are sometimes displayed in a movie, along with other language subtitles. Another example is Malaysian TV providing Malay subtitling on Indonesian [[sinetron]]s (TV dramas) aired in Malaysia&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://myindo.com/story/278.asp |title=The Wonderful World of Subtitling |author=Fairy Mahzan |publisher=MyIndo.com |access-date=9 July 2012 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130129104528/http://myindo.com/story/278.asp |archive-date=29 January 2013 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; and vice versa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://lifestyle.sindonews.com/read/1247171/158/hore-mnctv-tayangkan-film-terbaru-upin-ipin-1507640031|title=Hore, MNCTV Tayangkan Film Terbaru Upin Ipin|work=SINDOnews.com|access-date=14 February 2018|language=id-ID}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The Malay language in Indonesia and Malaysia also differs in recognition, where in Malaysia it enjoys status as the national language ([[Malaysian language]]),&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/malaysiainpictur0000dipi|url-access=registration|page=[https://archive.org/details/malaysiainpictur0000dipi/page/42 42]|title=Malaysia in Pictures|last=DiPiazza|first=Francesca|date=1 January 2006|publisher=Twenty-First Century Books|isbn=9780822526742|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; while in Indonesia it is considered a [[regional language]] in Malay-speaking areas such as the eastern coast of [[Sumatra]] and [[West Kalimantan]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gipLDwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA2|title=Bahasa Indonesia Kesehatan|last1=M.H.|first1=Wahyudi, S. Kep, Ns|last2=M.Pd|first2=Bivit Anggoro Prasetyo Nugroho, S. Pd|last3=M.Pd|first3=Dra Isnaeni Praptanti|publisher=Penerbit Andi|isbn=9789792963014|language=id}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zFKcQ8_dS00C&amp;q=Malay+regional+language+Sumatra+Kalimantan&amp;pg=PA1350|title=World and Its Peoples: Eastern and Southern Asia|date=2007|publisher=Marshall Cavendish|isbn=9780761476436|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The term &quot;Malay language&quot; (''Bahasa Melayu'') in Indonesia and Malaysia invites different perceptions from its respective people.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F3XvBbdWCKYC&amp;pg=PA335|title=Language and National Identity in Asia|last=Simpson|first=Andrew|date=30 August 2007|publisher=OUP Oxford|isbn=9780191533082|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; To Malaysians, the Malay language is generally understood as the [[national language]] of Malaysia, with Malaysian language (''Bahasa Malaysia)'' being a precise appellation for the Malay variety used in the country.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NCJiAgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA131|title=Language and Translation in Postcolonial Literatures: Multilingual Contexts, Translational Texts|last=Bertacco|first=Simona|date=17 December 2013|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781135136390|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Between 1986 and 2007, the term ''Bahasa Melayu'' was used instead of ''Bahasa Malaysia'', until the latter was reinstated, in order to instill a sense of belonging among Malaysians of all races, rather than just [[Malay people|Malays]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://blog.limkitsiang.com/2007/06/04/restoration-of-bahasa-malaysia-welcomed-but-why-the-sheepish-surreptitious-selective-announcement/ Bahasa Melayu becomes Bahasa Malaysia again], [[Lim Kit Siang]], 6 June 2007&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qGACL5YJRjEC&amp;pg=PA26|title=Language Conflict and National Development: Group Politics and National Language Policy in India|last=Dasgupta|first=Jyotirindra|date=1970|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=9780520015906|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Therefore, there was no clear distinction between the use of the term Malay (''Bahasa Melayu'') and the national language of Malaysia (''Bahasa Malaysia''). In Brunei, where Malay is also an official language, the language is known as ''Bahasa Melayu'' and in English as &quot;Malay&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;[http://bruneitimes.com.bn/art-culture/2010/08/04/perambahan-unique-feature-brunei-malay Perambahan: A unique feature of Brunei Malay] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706150357/http://bruneitimes.com.bn/art-culture/2010/08/04/perambahan-unique-feature-brunei-malay |date=6 July 2011 }}, ''[[Brunei Times]]'', 4 August 2010&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In Indonesia, however, there is a clear distinction between &quot;Malay language&quot; (''bahasa Melayu'') and &quot;Indonesian&quot; (''bahasa Indonesia''). Indonesian is the national language which serves as the [[Lingua franca|unifying language]] of Indonesia; despite being a standardized form of Malay, it is not referred to with the term &quot;Malay&quot; in common parlance.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KafIAwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA83|title=Language and Language-in-Education Planning in the Pacific Basin|last1=Kaplan|first1=R. B.|last2=Baldauf|first2=Richard B. Jr.|date=14 March 2013|publisher=Springer Science &amp; Business Media|isbn=9789401701457|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The term &quot;Malay&quot; is usually reserved for the forms of Malay indigenous to the Malay ethnic group (the national standardized language of Malaysia and the non-standard idioms of [[Malays (ethnic group)|Malay people]], including those used by [[Malay Indonesian]]s). Thus, &quot;Malay&quot; is considered a [[regional language]] (''bahasa daerah'') in Indonesia, enjoying the same status as [[Javanese language|Javanese]], [[Sundanese language|Sundanese]], [[Buginese language|Buginese]], [[Balinese language|Balinese]], [[Batak languages]] and others.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://labbineka.kemdikbud.go.id/bahasa/daftarbahasa|title=Daftar Bahasa-bahasa Daerah di Indonesia|website=labbineka.kemdikbud.go.id|access-date=24 October 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Moreover, to some Indonesians, the term &quot;Malay&quot; is more often associated with Malaysia and the Malaysian variety of Malay.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cA1PilUrW8gC&amp;pg=PA199|title=PELBBA 17: Pertemuan Linguistik Pusat Kajian Bahasa dan Budaya Atma Jaya Ketujuh Belas|date=2004|publisher=Yayasan Obor Indonesia|isbn=9789794615270|language=id}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> In Malaysia, the terms &quot;Indonesian Malay&quot; and &quot;Malaysian Malay&quot; are sometimes used for Indonesian and Malay as spoken in Malaysia. In Indonesia, &quot;Indonesian Malay&quot; usually refers to the vernacular varieties of Malay spoken by the [[Malay Indonesian|Malay peoples of Indonesia]], that is, to Malay as a regional language in [[Sumatra]], though it is rarely used.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wiWguZzOToMC&amp;pg=PA25|title=Masyarakat Indonesia|last=Indonesia|first=Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan|year=1968|publisher=Yayasan Obor Indonesia|language=id}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Bahasa Malaysia'' and ''Bahasa Melayu'' are used interchangeably in reference to Malay in Malaysia.<br /> <br /> [[Malay language|Malay]] was designated as a national language by the Singaporean government after independence from Britain in the 1960s to avoid friction with Singapore's Malay-speaking neighbours of Malaysia and Indonesia.&lt;ref name=fromthirdworldtofirst&gt;{{cite book|title=From Third World to First|author=Lee Kuan Yew|year=2000|publisher=[[Marshall Cavendish]]|location=Singapore}}&lt;/ref&gt; It has a symbolic, rather than functional purpose.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CQgjrpgdU6gC&amp;pg=PA42|title=Language and society in Singapore|publisher=Singapore University Press|first1=Evangelos A.|last1=Afendras|first2=Eddie C.Y.|last2=Kuo|year=1980|isbn=978-9971-69-016-8|access-date=27 February 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&amp;pg=PA2018|title=Sociolinguistics: An international handbook of the science of language and society|publisher=Walter de Gruyter|location=Berlin|first1=Ulrich|last1=Ammon|first2=Norbert|last2=Dittmar|first3=Klaus J.|last3=Mattheier|volume=3|year=2006|isbn=978-3-11-018418-1|access-date=27 February 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; It is used in the national anthem &quot;[[Majulah Singapura]]&quot;,&lt;ref&gt;{{Singapore legislation|title=Singapore Arms and Flag and National Anthem Act|cap=296|ed=1985}}&lt;/ref&gt; in citations of [[Singaporean orders and decorations]] and in military commands.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.singstat.gov.sg/pubn/papers/people/c2000adr-literacy.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091113162718/http://www.singstat.gov.sg/pubn/papers/people/c2000adr-literacy.pdf|archive-date=13 November 2009|url-status=dead|title=Literacy and Language|publisher=Singapore Statistics|access-date=27 February 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Singaporean Malay is officially written in the Latin-based [[Rumi script]], though some Singaporean Malays also learn the Arabic-based [[Jawi alphabet|Jawi script]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=Cook|first1=Vivian|last2=Bassetti|first2=Benedetta|title=Second Language Writing Systems|date=2005|publisher=Multilingual Matters|isbn=978-1-85359-793-0|page=359|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yDLVaYJkyHUC}}&lt;/ref&gt; Jawi is considered an ethnic script for use on Singaporean identity cards.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.ica.gov.sg/page.aspx?pageid=140|title=Update Change of Name in IC|publisher=Immigration and Checkpoints Authority|access-date=29 January 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202101218/https://www.ica.gov.sg/page.aspx?pageid=140|archive-date=2 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Orthography==<br /> <br /> Before the 20th century, Malay was written in a local modified form of the [[Arabic alphabet]] known as [[Jawi script|Jawi]]. During the 20th century, Malay written with [[Roman letters]], known as Rumi, almost completely replaced Jawi in everyday life. The romanisations originally used in [[British Malaya]] (now part of [[Malaysia]]) and the [[Dutch East Indies]] (now [[Indonesia]]) reflected their history as British and Dutch colonial possessions respectively. In British Malaya, the romanisation of Malay, devised by [[Richard James Wilkinson|Richard Wilkinson]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JHgsfADZF9IC&amp;pg=PA94 |title=Spelling and Society: The Culture and Politics of Orthography Around the World |first=Mark |last=Sebba |publisher= Cambridge University Press |year= 2007|isbn=9781139462020 }}&lt;/ref&gt; was influenced by English, whereas in the Dutch East Indies, the [[Van Ophuijsen Spelling System|system devised by C. A. Van Ophuijsen]] was influenced by [[Dutch language|Dutch]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A9UjLYD9jVEC&amp;pg=PA91 |title=The Indonesian Language: Its History and Role in Modern Society |first=James N. |last=Sneddon |publisher=UNSW Press |year=2003|isbn=9780868405988 }}&lt;/ref&gt; As a result, in Indonesia, the vowel {{IPAblink|u}} was formerly represented ''oe'', as in Dutch, although the official spelling of this sound was changed to ''u'' in 1947 when the [[Republican Spelling System]] was used.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PhliAgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA563|title=How Languages Work: An Introduction to Language and Linguistics|last=Genetti|first=Carol|date=23 January 2014|publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=9780521767446}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Similarly, until 1972, {{IPAblink|tʃ}} was represented in Malaysia as ''ch'', whereas in Indonesia, it continued to follow Dutch and used ''tj''. Hence the word for 'grandchild' used to be written as ''{{lang|zsm|chuchu}}'' in Malaysia and ''{{lang|id|tjoetjoe}}'' in Indonesia, until a unified spelling system was introduced in 1972 (known in Indonesia as ''{{lang|id|Ejaan Yang Disempurnakan}}'' or the 'Perfected Spelling') which removed most differences between the two varieties: Malay ''ch'' and Indonesian ''tj'' became ''c'': hence ''{{lang|zsm|cucu}}''.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jones loan words&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sXrxDQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PR11 |title=Loan-Words in Indonesian and Malay |last=Jones|first=Russell|year=2007 |publisher=Yayasan Pustaka Obor Indonesia|isbn=9786024331740}}&lt;/ref&gt; Indonesia abandoned the spelling ''dj'' {{IPAblink|dʒ}} to conform to the ''j'' already in use in Malaysia, while the old Indonesian ''j'' for the semivowel {{IPAblink|j}} was replaced with ''y'' as in Malaysia. Likewise, the [[Voiceless velar fricative|velar fricative]] {{IPAblink|x}} which occurs in many Arabic loanwords, which used to be written 'ch' in Indonesian, became ''kh'' in both languages.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jones loan words&quot; /&gt; However, ''oe'' was retained in some proper names, such as the name of the former vice-president, [[Boediono]] or former minister [[Mohammad Roem]]. The ''ch'' and ''dj'' letter combinations are still encountered in names such as ''Achmad'' and ''Djojo'' (pronounced as ''Akhmad'' and ''Joyo'' respectively), although the post-1972 spelling is now favoured.<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |+<br /> !IPA<br /> !Malaysian<br /> Old Spelling<br /> !Indonesian <br /> Old Spelling<br /> !Indonesian-Malaysian<br /> Post-1972 Spelling<br /> |-<br /> |/ə/<br /> |ĕ<br /> |e<br /> |e<br /> |-<br /> |/e/<br /> |e<br /> |é<br /> |e<br /> |-<br /> |/tʃ/<br /> |ch<br /> |tj<br /> |c<br /> |-<br /> |/dˤ/<br /> |dh<br /> |<br /> |d<br /> |-<br /> |/dʒ/<br /> |j<br /> |dj<br /> |j<br /> |-<br /> |/x/<br /> |kh<br /> |ch<br /> |kh<br /> |-<br /> |/ɲ/<br /> |ny<br /> |nj<br /> |ny<br /> |-<br /> |/zˤ/<br /> |dz<br /> |<br /> |z<br /> |-<br /> |/ʃ/<br /> |sh<br /> |sj<br /> |sy<br /> |-<br /> |/θ/<br /> |th<br /> |<br /> |s<br /> |-<br /> |/u/<br /> |u<br /> |oe<br /> |u<br /> |-<br /> |/j/<br /> |y<br /> |j<br /> |y<br /> |}<br /> One notable difference in [[punctuation]] between the two languages is the use of different [[decimal mark]]s; Indonesian, influenced by Dutch, uses the [[decimal comma#Countries using Arabic numerals with decimal comma|decimal comma]],&lt;ref&gt;[http://nasional.kompas.com/read/2013/06/14/21044791/Istri.Djoko.Disebut.Beli.Rumah.Rp.7.1.Miliar Istri Djoko Disebut Beli Rumah Rp 7,1 Miliar], ''[[Kompas]]'', 14 June 2013&lt;/ref&gt; whereas Malay, influenced by English, uses the [[decimal comma#Countries using Arabic numerals with decimal point|decimal point]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.utusan.com.my/utusan/Ekonomi/20130606/ek_05/58-IBO-berpotensi-jana-RM1.9b 58 IBO berpotensi jana RM1.9b], ''[[Utusan Melayu]]'', 6 June 2013&lt;/ref&gt; A glossary of [[Information Technology]] terminology, available in English, Indonesian, and Malay, was published to facilitate the comparison and comprehension of language variations among individuals in Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, and Brunei who are seeking assistance and information online.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.amazon.in/Glossary-Computer-Terms-English-Indonesian-Malay-Gunarto-ebook/dp/B0BX633QV4/ref=monarch_sidesheet |title=Glossary of IT and Computer Terms: English-Indonesian-Malay |publisher=Kindle KDP Amazon Publishing, 2023, [[Hary Gunarto]]|access-date=October 7, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> ==Pronunciation==<br /> <br /> Pronunciation also tends to be very different, with East Malaysia, Standard Singapore, and Indonesia pronouncing words in a form called ''Bahasa Baku'',&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MKdMDgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA6|title=A grammar of Papuan Malay|last=Kluge|first=Angela|date=8 July 2016|publisher=Language Science Press|isbn=9783944675862}}&lt;/ref&gt; where the words are pronounced as spelled.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Dw-YBwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA230|title=Pidgins, Creoles and Mixed Languages: An Introduction|last=Velupillai|first=Viveka|date=15 April 2015|publisher=John Benjamins Publishing Company|isbn=9789027268846}}&lt;/ref&gt; Moreover, enunciation tends to be clipped, staccato and faster than on the Malay Peninsula, which is spoken at a more languorous pace. Many vowels are pronounced (and were formerly spelt) differently in Peninsular Malaysia, Colloquial Singapore, and Riau Sumatra: ''{{lang|zsm|tujuh}}'' is pronounced (and was spelt) ''{{lang|zsm|tujoh}}'', ''{{lang|zsm|pilih}}'' as ''{{lang|zsm|pileh}}'', etc., and many final ''a'''s tend to be pronounced as [[schwa]]s; {{IPA|[e]}} and {{IPA|[o]}} are also allophones of {{IPA|/i/}} and {{IPA|/u/}} in closed final syllables in peninsular Malaysian, Colloquial Singaporean and Riau Sumatran varieties of Malay; These pronunciation rules is known as [[Johor]]-[[Riau]] pronunciation.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uyY6HJYcEKYC&amp;pg=PA209|title=Status Change of Languages|last1=Ammon|first1=Ulrich|last2=Hellinger|first2=Marlis|date=1992|publisher=Walter de Gruyter|isbn=9783110126686}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gPekCgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT82|title=Early History of Penang (Penerbit USM)|last=Salleh|editor-first=Muhammad |editor-last=Haji|date=27 August 2015|publisher=Penerbit USM|isbn=9789838616577}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; <br /> |+Comparison of several standard pronunciations of Malay&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last=Abu Bakar |first=Mukhlis |date=2019-12-18 |title=Sebutan Johor-Riau dan Sebutan Baku dalam Konteks Identiti Masyarakat Melayu Singapura |url=http://publisher.unimas.my/ojs/index.php/ILS/article/view/1521 |journal=Issues in Language Studies |volume=8 |issue=2 |doi=10.33736/ils.1521.2019 |s2cid=213343934 |issn=2180-2726|doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> !<br /> ! style=text-align:center | Example<br /> ! style=text-align:center | ''Johor-Riau'' (''Piawai'')<br /> Pronunciation<br /> ! style=text-align:center | Northern Peninsular<br /> Pronunciation<br /> ! style=text-align:center| ''Baku'' &amp; Indonesian<br /> Pronunciation<br /> |-<br /> |⟨a⟩ in final open syllable <br /> |style=text-align:center | ⟨keret'''a'''⟩<br /> |style=text-align:center | /ə/<br /> |style=text-align:center | /a/<br /> |style=text-align:center | /a/<br /> |-<br /> |⟨i⟩ in final closed syllable with final ⟨n⟩ and ⟨ng⟩ <br /> |style=text-align:center | ⟨kamb'''i'''ng⟩<br /> |style=text-align:center | /e/<br /> |style=text-align:center | /i/<br /> |style=text-align:center | /i/<br /> |-<br /> |⟨i⟩ in final closed syllable with other final consonants <br /> |style=text-align:center | ⟨it'''i'''k⟩<br /> |style=text-align:center | /e/<br /> |style=text-align:center | /e/<br /> |style=text-align:center | /i/<br /> |-<br /> |⟨u⟩ in final closed syllable with final ⟨n⟩ and ⟨ng⟩ <br /> |style=text-align:center | ⟨tah'''u'''n⟩<br /> |style=text-align:center | /o/<br /> |style=text-align:center | /u/<br /> |style=text-align:center | /u/<br /> |-<br /> |⟨u⟩ in final closed syllable with other final consonants <br /> |style=text-align:center | ⟨lump'''u'''r⟩<br /> |style=text-align:center | /o/<br /> |style=text-align:center | /o/<br /> |style=text-align:center | /u/<br /> |-<br /> |final ⟨r⟩<br /> |style=text-align:center | ⟨lumpu'''r'''⟩<br /> |style=text-align:center | silent<br /> |style=text-align:center | /r/<br /> |style=text-align:center | /r/<br /> |}<br /> <br /> The names for Latin letters are also of different origins, Indonesian names are from Dutch, while Malaysian Malay names are from English (see [[Malay alphabet|Malay-Indonesian alphabet]]).<br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> ! width=&quot;30%&quot; | Word<br /> ! width=&quot;35%&quot; | (Malaysian) Malay<br /> ! width=&quot;35%&quot; | Indonesian <br /> |-<br /> | ABC || {{IPA-ms|/e/./bi/./si/|}} || {{IPA-id|/a/./be/./t͡ʃe/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[Automated teller machine|ATM]] || {{IPA-ms|/e/./ti/./em/|}} || {{IPA-id|/a/./te/./em/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[A minor]] || {{IPA-ms|/e/ maj.nə|}} || {{IPA-id|/a/ mi.nor|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[Bunga Citra Lestari|BCL]] || {{IPA-ms|/bi/./si/./el/|}} || {{IPA-id|/be/./t͡ʃe/./el/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[BMW]] || {{IPA-ms|/bi/./em/./dabəlˈju/|}} || {{IPA-id|/be/./em/./we/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[COD (disambiguation)|COD]] || {{IPA-ms|/si/./o/./di/|}} || {{IPA-id|/t͡ʃe/./o/./de/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[DNA]] || {{IPA-ms|/di/./en/./e/|}} || {{IPA-id|/de/./en/./a/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[E minor]] || {{IPA-ms|/i/ maj.nə|}} || {{IPA-id|/e/ mi.nor|}}<br /> |-<br /> | generasi || {{IPA-ms|d͡ʒə.nə.ra.si|}} || {{IPA-id|ɡe.nə.ra.si|}}<br /> |-<br /> | ghaib (ms), gaib (id) || {{IPA-ms|ɣɑ.ib|}} || {{IPA-id|ga.ib|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[High-definition television|HD]] || {{IPA-ms|/het͡ʃ/./di/|}} || {{IPA-id|/ha/./de/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[HDMI]] || {{IPA-ms|/het͡ʃ/./di/./em/./aj/|}} || {{IPA-id|/ha/./de/./em/./i/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[HIV]] || {{IPA-ms|/het͡ʃ/./aj/./vi/|}} || {{IPA-id|/ha/./i/./fe/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[HRD (disambiguation)|HRD]] || {{IPA-ms|/het͡ʃ/./a:/./di/|}} || {{IPA-id|/ha/./er/./de/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | idea (ms), ide (id) || {{IPA-ms|aj.di.jə|}} || {{IPA-id|i.de|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[IMF]] || {{IPA-ms|/aj/./em/./ef/|}} || {{IPA-id|/i/./em/./ef/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | Ireland (ms), Irlandia (id) || {{IPA-ms|ˈaɪə.lənd|}} || {{IPA-id|ir.lan.di.ja|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[Bandung Institute of Technology|ITB]]<br /> | {{IPA-ms|/aj/./ti/./bi/|}} || {{IPA-id|/i/./te/./be/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[Kereta Cepat Indonesia China|KCIC]]<br /> | {{IPA-ms|/ke/./si/./aj/./si/|}} || {{IPA-id|/ka/./t͡ʃe/./i/./t͡ʃe/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[KLIA]] || {{IPA-ms|/ke/./el/./aj/./e/|}} || {{IPA-id|/ka/./el/./i/./a/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | koir (ms), kor (id) || {{IPA-ms|kwa.jər|}} || {{IPA-id|kor|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[LGBT]] || {{IPA-ms|/el/./d͡ʒi/./bi/./ti/|}} || {{IPA-id|/el/./ge/./be/./te/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[Malaysia]] || {{IPA-ms|mə.le.sjə|}} || {{IPA-id|ma.laj.siʲa|}} <br /> |-<br /> | November || {{IPA-ms|no.vɛm.bər|}} || {{IPA-id|no.fɛm.bər|}}<br /> |-<br /> | protein || {{IPA-ms|pro.tin|}} || {{IPA-id|pro.te.in|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[Radio Televisyen Malaysia|RTM]] || {{IPA-ms|/a:/./ti/./em/|}} || {{IPA-id|/er/./te/./em/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[RCTI]] || {{IPA-ms|/a:/./si/./ti/./aj/|}} || {{IPA-id|/er/./t͡ʃe/./te/./i/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[SCTV (TV network)]] || {{IPA-ms|/es/./si/./ti/./vi/|}} || {{IPA-id|/es/./t͡ʃe/./te/./fe/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission|SPRM]] || {{IPA-ms|/es/./pi/./a:/./em/|}} || {{IPA-id|/es/./pe/./er/./em/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | spesies || {{IPA-ms|spe.sis|}} || {{IPA-id|spe.si.jɛs|}}<br /> |-<br /> | teknologi || {{IPA-ms|tɛk.no.lo.d͡ʒi|}} || {{IPA-id|tɛk.no.lo.ɡi|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[TVRI]] || {{IPA-ms|/ti/./vi/./a:/./aj/|}} || {{IPA-id|/te/./fe/./er/./i/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | Ukraine (ms), Ukraina (id) || {{IPA-ms|ju.kren|}} || {{IPA-id|u.kraj.na|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[UNHCR]] || {{IPA-ms|/ju/./en/./het͡ʃ/./si/./a:/|}} || {{IPA-id|/u/./en/./ha/./t͡ʃe/./er/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[University of Technology Malaysia|UTM]]<br /> | {{IPA-ms|/ju/./ti/./em/|}} || {{IPA-id|/u/./te/./em/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[WFH]] || {{IPA-ms|/dabəlˈju/./ef/./het͡ʃ/|}} || {{IPA-id|/we/./ef/./ha/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[WHO]] || {{IPA-ms|/dabəlˈju/./het͡ʃ/./o/|}} || {{IPA-id|/we/./ha/./o/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | [[WWW]] || {{IPA-ms|/dabəlˈju/./dabəlˈju/./dabəlˈju/|}} || {{IPA-id|/we/./we/./we/|}}<br /> |-<br /> | xilem || {{IPA-ms|zi.ləm|}} || {{IPA-id|si.ləm|}}<br /> |-<br /> | xilofon || {{IPA-ms|zi.lo.fon|}} || {{IPA-id|si.lo.fon|}}<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==Syllabification==<br /> <br /> {|class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;<br /> ! width=&quot;30%&quot; | Word<br /> ! width=&quot;35%&quot; | (Malaysian) Malay syllabification<br /> ! width=&quot;35%&quot; | Indonesian syllabification<br /> |-<br /> | problem || {{lang|zsm|mas.a.lah}} || {{lang|id|ma.sa.lah}}<br /> |-<br /> | start || {{lang|zsm|mu.la.i}} || {{lang|id|mu.lai}}<br /> |-<br /> | weather || {{lang|zsm|cua.ca}} || {{lang|id|cu.a.ca}}<br /> |-<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Vocabulary ==<br /> {{Wiktionary|Appendix:Indonesian–Standard Malay relations}}<br /> <br /> === Word derivation and compounds ===<br /> Indonesian and (Standard Malaysian) Malay have similar derivation and compounds rule. However, there is difference on quasi-past participle or participle-like adjective when attached to a noun or verb. (Standard Malaysian) Malay uses prefix ''ber-'' to denote such, while Indonesian uses prefix ''ter-'' to do so. It is important to note that prefix ber- can denote several other meanings.<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |+<br /> ! width=&quot;20%&quot;|English<br /> ! width=&quot;40%&quot;|(Malaysian) Malay<br /> ! width=&quot;40%&quot;|Indonesian<br /> |-<br /> |'''registered''' &lt;small&gt;(having had one's name added to an official list or entered into a register)&lt;/small&gt;<br /> |'''''&lt;u&gt;ber&lt;/u&gt;'''daftar''<br /> |'''''&lt;u&gt;ter&lt;/u&gt;'''daftar''<br /> |-<br /> |'''local'''<br /> |''tempat'''&lt;u&gt;an&lt;/u&gt;'''''<br /> |'''''&lt;u&gt;se&lt;/u&gt;'''tempat''<br /> |-<br /> |'''honorable'''<br /> |'''''&lt;u&gt;ber&lt;/u&gt;'''hormat''<br /> |'''''&lt;u&gt;ter&lt;/u&gt;'''hormat''<br /> |-<br /> |'''written''' &lt;small&gt;(having been written)&lt;/small&gt;<br /> |'''''&lt;u&gt;ber&lt;/u&gt;'''tulis''<br /> |'''''&lt;u&gt;ter&lt;/u&gt;'''tulis''<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === Loanword source differences ===<br /> {{More citations needed section|date=February 2024}}<br /> Indonesian and Malaysian Malay both differ in the forms of loanwords used due to division of the Malay Archipelago by the Dutch and the British and their long-lasting colonial influences, as a consequence of the [[Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824]]: Indonesian absorbed primarily Dutch loanwords whereas Malaysian Malay absorbed primarily English words. Pronunciation of certain loanwords in Malaysian Malay follows English, while in Indonesian it follows Dutch, for example Malay &quot;{{lang|zsm|televisyen}}&quot; (from English: television) and Indonesian &quot;{{lang|id|televisi}}&quot; (from Dutch: ''{{lang|nl|televisie}}''); the &quot;-syen&quot; and &quot;-si&quot; also prevail in some other words, though &quot;-si&quot; has become more preferred in Malay of late.{{cn|date=February 2024}}<br /> <br /> Malaysian Malay has also experienced significant conservative pushback as precedent entities that existed within the British sphere made efforts to create words that would fit naturally foreign ideas of governance and thought through a Malay-oriented context. The Pakatan Belajar Mengajar Pengetahuan Bahasa in [[Johore]] headed by [[Abdul Rahman Andak]] during the 19th century was especially important in introducing [[neologism]]s like ''pejabat'' (&quot;office&quot;, cf. Indonesian ''kantor'' from {{lang|nl|kantoor}}) and ''setiausaha'' (&quot;secretary&quot;, cf. Indo ''sekretaris'' from {{lang-nl|secretaris}}) into the Malay lexicon.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Sejarah Perancangan Bahasa Melayu di Negeri Johor|last=Amat Juhari Moain|publisher=[[Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka]]|year=2009|isbn=9789836297914|location=[[Kuala Lumpur]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; For example, the word for 'post office' in Malaysia is &quot;{{lang|zsm|pejabat pos}}&quot; (in Indonesia this means 'post officer'), whereas in Indonesia it is &quot;{{lang|id|kantor pos}}&quot;.<br /> <br /> There are also some [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] influences: in Indonesia, Christmas is known as &quot;{{lang|id|Natal}}&quot;, whereas Malaysia uses both &quot;Natal&quot; and &quot;{{lang|zsm|Krismas}}&quot;, the latter derived from English. There are also instances where the Malaysian Malay version derives from English pronunciation while the Indonesian version takes its cue from [[Latin]]. The Latin preference of the (older) Indonesian intellectuals in these instances may be ascribed to the influence of their classical-oriented education when [[Gymnasium (school)|''Gymnasium'']] schools were established during the Dutch colonial period: compare Malaysian Malay ''{{lang|zsm|kualiti}}'', ''{{lang|zsm|kuantiti}}'', ''{{lang|zsm|majoriti}}'', ''{{lang|zsm|minoriti}}'' and ''{{lang|zsm|universiti}}'' with Indonesian ''{{lang|id|kualitas}}'', ''{{lang|id|kuantitas}}'', ''{{lang|id|mayoritas}}'', ''{{lang|id|minoritas}}'' and ''{{lang|id|universitas}}''.{{cn|date=February 2024}}<br /> <br /> Some words which are spelt the same in both languages may even carry entirely different meanings in the other language, potentially leading to humorous or embarrassing situations: while ''{{lang|id|baja}}'' means &quot;steel&quot; in Indonesian,&lt;ref&gt;[https://kbbi.web.id/baja Arti kata baja]. [[Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia]]. Retrieved 23 April 2024&lt;/ref&gt; in Malaysian Malay it means &quot;fertiliser&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;[https://prpm.dbp.gov.my/cari1?keyword=baja Definisi baja]. [[Kamus Dewan]]. Retrieved 23 April 2024&lt;/ref&gt; Also, whereas the Indonesian word ''{{lang|id|butuh}}'' (from [[Sundanese language|Sundanese]] ᮘᮥᮒᮥᮂ butuh) means &quot;require&quot; or &quot;need&quot;,&lt;ref&gt;[https://kbbi.web.id/butuh Arti kata butuh]. Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia. Retrieved 23 April 2024&lt;/ref&gt; in Malay, it is a vulgar slang term referring to male genitalia.&lt;ref&gt;[https://prpm.dbp.gov.my/cari1?keyword=butuh Definisi butuh]. Kamus Dewan. Retrieved 23 April 2024&lt;/ref&gt; Conversely, where the word &quot;{{lang|zsm|banci}}&quot; seems innocuous enough in Malaysia (&quot;census&quot;),&lt;ref&gt;[https://prpm.dbp.gov.my/cari1?keyword=banci Definisi banci]. Kamus Dewan. Retrieved 23 April 2024&lt;/ref&gt; in Indonesia it is a derogatory term for &quot;transvestite&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;[https://kbbi.web.id/banci Arti kata banci]. Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia. Retrieved 23 April 2024&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> The relatively large share of Islamic (Arabic or Persian) loan words shared by Malaysian Malay and Indonesian often poses no difficulty in comprehension and usage, although some forms may have developed a (slightly) different meaning or have become obsolete either in Malaysian Malay or in Indonesian, e.g. ''{{lang|zsm|khidmat}}'', ''{{lang|zsm|wakil}}''.{{cn|date=February 2024}}<br /> <br /> === English loanwords ===<br /> One of the most important aspect in differences between Malay (Malaysian and Brunei) and Indonesian is the degree of influence from English. Apart from being heavily influenced by the Dutch language, the Indonesian language also adopted a significant number of English loanwords in its vocabulary, although English did not play significant role on the Indonesian language and in fact most of these vocabulary are of Dutch origin – Dutch and English share a similar [[Germanic languages|Germanic origin]], and Dutch has also borrowed from [[Latin]], although to a lesser extent than English. There have been many changes in Indonesian as a result of its historical development. Words have been freely borrowed from English and only partly assimilated, in many cases, to the Indonesian patterns of structure.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Indonesian reference grammar|page=2|author=Roderick Ross Macdonald |isbn=9780878401635 |year= 1976 |publisher=Georgetown University Press|location=Georgetown, USA}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> By the late 1970s, English words began pouring into the language, leading one commentator, writing in 1977, to refer to the &quot;trend towards Indo-Saxonization&quot;,&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=sYUbAAAAIAAJ&amp;q=%22Indo-Saxonization%22 ''The Indonesian Quarterly''], Yayasan Proklamasi, [[Centre for Strategic and International Studies]], 1977 Volume 5, Issues 1–3, page 76&lt;/ref&gt; known in Indonesian as ''{{lang|id|pengindosaksonan}}''. Many loanwords from English sometimes fulfill no communicative need, expressing concepts adequately covered by existing words. Among the examples are: ''{{lang|id|akurat}}'' instead of ''{{lang|id|tepat}}'' (accurate, Dutch {{lang|nl|accuraat}}), ''{{lang|id|aliansi}}'' in the place of ''{{lang|id|sekutu}}'' (alliance, Dutch {{lang|nl|alliantie}}), ''{{lang|id|eksis}}'' rather than ''{{lang|id|ada}}'' (exist), ''{{lang|id|kandidat}}'' as well as ''{{lang|id|calon}}'' (candidate, Dutch {{lang|nl|kandidaat}}), ''{{lang|id|konklusi}}'' instead of ''{{lang|id|kesimpulan}}'' (conclusion, Dutch {{lang|nl|conclusie}}), ''{{lang|id|kontaminasi}}'' in the place of ''{{lang|id|pencemaran}}'' (contamination, Dutch {{lang|nl|contaminatie}}), ''{{lang|id|opini}}'' rather than ''{{lang|id|pendapat}}'' (opinion, Dutch {{lang|nl|opinie}}) and ''{{lang|id|opsi}}'' in the place of ''{{lang|id|pilihan}}'' (option, Dutch {{lang|nl|optie}}).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=A Study of the Evolution of the Malay Language: Social Change and Cognitive Development|page=14 |author=Seong Chee Tham|isbn= 978-9971691363|year=1991|publisher=Singapore University Press|location=Singapore}}&lt;/ref&gt; However, these ''{{lang|id|pengindosaksonan}}'' is not directly borrowed from English, but through their cognates in Dutch pronunciations as ''{{lang|id|<br /> Pedoman Umum Pembentukan Istilah}}'' is heavily influenced by Dutch cognates.<br /> <br /> === Social and cultural differences ===<br /> Lexical items that reflect separate social and cultural development.<br /> <br /> ==== Education ====<br /> Indonesia has a more uniform nationwide system of terms than does Malaysia. ''Public school'' (a publicly funded and administered school) is known as ''sekolah negeri'' in Indonesian and ''sekolah kebangsaan'' in Malaysia. Meanwhile, ''sekolah tinggi'' is translation of [[high school]] in Malaysia (similar to English usage), while it refers to [[university college]] in Indonesia (similar to Flanders Dutch ''hogeschool''). <br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |+School Years for Academic/General School System in Standard Malay and Indonesian<br /> !Age Range<br /> !Malaysian Malay<br /> !Singaporean Malay<br /> !Brunei Malay<br /> !Indonesian<br /> |-<br /> |1-4<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |3-5<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> |'''Sekolah Rendah'''<br /> |'''Sekolah Rendah'''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |5-6<br /> |Darjah 1 (Satu)<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |6-7<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Darjah 2 (Dua)<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |<br /> |'''Sekolah Rendah'''<br /> |'''Sekolah Dasar (SD)'''<br /> |-<br /> |Tahun 1 (Satu)<br /> |Kelas 1 (Satu)<br /> |-<br /> |7-8<br /> |Darjah 3 (Tiga)<br /> |<br /> |Tahun 2 (Dua)<br /> |Kelas 2 (Dua)<br /> |-<br /> |8-9<br /> |Darjah 4 (Empat)<br /> |<br /> |Tahun 3 (Tiga)<br /> |Kelas 3 (Tiga)<br /> |-<br /> |9-10<br /> |Darjah 5 (Lima)<br /> |<br /> |Tahun 4 (Empat)<br /> |Kelas 4 (Empat)<br /> |-<br /> |10-11<br /> |Darjah 6 (Enam)<br /> |<br /> |Tahun 5 (Lima)<br /> |Kelas 5 (Lima)<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |11-12<br /> |'''Sekolah Menengah'''<br /> |'''Sekolah Menengah'''<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Tahun 6 (Enam)<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Kelas 6 (Enam)<br /> |-<br /> |Tingkatan 1 (Satu)<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |12-13<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Tingkatan 2 (Dua)<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |<br /> |'''Sekolah Menengah'''<br /> |'''Sekolah Menengah Pertama (SMP)'''<br /> |-<br /> |Tahun 7 (Tujuh)<br /> |Kelas 7 (Tujuh)<br /> |-<br /> |13-14<br /> |Tingkatan 3 (Tiga)<br /> |<br /> |Tahun 8 (Lapan)<br /> |Kelas 8 (Delapan)<br /> |-<br /> |14-15<br /> |Tingkatan 4 (Empat)<br /> |<br /> |Tahun 9 (Sembilan)<br /> |Kelas 9 (Sembilan)<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |15-16<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Tingkatan 5 (Lima)<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Tahun 10 (Sepuluh)<br /> |'''Sekolah Menengah Atas (SMA)'''<br /> |-<br /> |Kelas 10 (Sepuluh)<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |16-17<br /> |'''Kolej Tingkatan Enam''' <br /> '''Kolej Matrikulasi'''<br /> |'''Maktab Rendah'''<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Tahun 11 (Sebelas)<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Kelas 11 (Sebelas)<br /> |-<br /> |Tingkatan 6 (Enam) Bawah<br /> Matrikulasi<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |17-18<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Tingkatan 6 (Enam) Atas<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |<br /> |'''Prauniversiti'''<br /> | rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Kelas 12 (Duabelas)<br /> |-<br /> |Tahun 12 (Duabelas)<br /> |-<br /> |<br /> | colspan=&quot;4&quot; |'''Tertiary Education'''<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Convergence and divergence ==<br /> The rift of evolution between the two languages is based more on political nuance and the history of their formation than on cultural reasons. As a result, views regarding each other's languages differ amongst Malaysians and Indonesians. In Malaysia, the national language is Malay; in Indonesia, it is Indonesian. Malaysians tend to assert that Malay and Indonesian are merely different varieties of the same language, while Indonesians tend to treat them as separate – albeit closely related – languages. The result of this attitude is that the Indonesians feel little need to synchronize their language with Malaysia, Singapore and Brunei, whereas the Malaysians are keener to coordinate the evolution of the language with the Indonesians.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.yawningbread.org/arch_2005/yax-455.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304060400/http://www.yawningbread.org/arch_2005/yax-455.htm|archive-date=4 March 2016|title=Who is Malay?|date=July 2005}}&lt;/ref&gt; However, both parties have realized that communication benefits from mutually comprehensible and intelligible languages, which motivated efforts to synchronize the languages' development. The effort to synchronize both languages' evolution to increase their mutual intelligibility has been embarked by imposing standard [[rules of language]]. This process is headed by [[Language Development and Fostering Agency|Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa]] on the Indonesian side and [[Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka]] as its Malaysian counterpart through [[Majlis Bahasa Brunei-Indonesia-Malaysia]] (MABBIM). Authorities in both Brunei and Singapore generally abide by the Malaysian standard in disputes.{{cn|date=February 2024}} Although, MABBIM is not working properly which reflects Indonesian attitude of little need to synchronize their language.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Amin |first=Manzaidi Mohd |date=2022-04-21 |title=Terima hakikat negara jiran tolak penggunaan bahasa Melayu bahasa pengantar - MPN |trans-title=Accept the fact that neighboring countries reject the use of Malay as the medium of instruction - MPN |url=https://malaysiagazette.com/2022/04/21/terima-hakikat-negara-jiran-tolak-penggunaan-bahasa-melayu-bahasa-pengantar-mpn/ |url-status=live |access-date=2024-06-07 |work=Malaysia Gazette}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Indonesia akan tolak selagi Malaysia guna istilah 'Bahasa Melayu' |trans-title=Indonesia will reject as long as Malaysia uses the term 'Malay' |url=https://www.astroawani.com/berita-malaysia/indonesia-akan-tolak-selagi-malaysia-guna-istilah-bahasa-melayu-357992 |url-status=live |work=Astro Awani}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> == Example ==<br /> '''Original text in Indonesian''':&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.antaranews.com/berita/261056/draghi-krisis-zona-euro-berisiko-sistemik Antara News – Draghi: Krisis Zona Euro Berisiko &quot;Sistemik&quot;]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> :{{lang|id|Apabila peraturan}} '''''{{lang|id|pakta stabilitas Eropa}}''''' {{lang|id|dihormati sampai ke}} '''''{{lang|id|detail}}'''''{{lang|id|nya}}, '''''{{lang|id|rasio utang publik}}''''' ''{{lang|id|dibanding}}'' '''''{{lang|id|produk domestik bruto}}''''' {{lang|id|pada}} {{lang|id|hari}} {{lang|id|krisis akan berada di}} '''''{{lang|id|posisi}}''''' {{lang|id|10}} '''''{{lang|id|persentase poin}}''''' {{lang|id|kurang dalam}} '''''{{lang|id|zona}}''''' {{lang|id|euro, katanya}}.<br /> <br /> '''In Malay (Malaysian and Brunei)''':<br /> :{{lang|zsm|Jika peraturan}} '''''{{lang|zsm|pakatan kestabilan Eropah}}''''' {{lang|zsm|dihormati secara ter}}'''{{lang|zsm|perinci}}''', '''''{{lang|zsm|nisbah hutang awam}}''''' ''{{lang|zsm|berbanding}}'' '''''{{lang|zsm|keluaran dalam negara kasar}}''''' {{lang|zsm|pada}} {{lang|zsm|zaman}} {{lang|zsm|krisis akan berada di}} '''''{{lang|zsm|kedudukan}}''''' 10 '''''{{lang|zsm|mata peratusan}}''''' {{lang|zsm|kurang dalam}} '''''{{lang|zsm|zon}}''''' {{lang|zsm|euro, kata beliau}}.<br /> <br /> '''In English''':<br /> :If the '''''European stability pact''''' rules had been respected in '''''detail''''', the '''''ratio of public debt''''' ''to'' '''''gross domestic product''''' on the '''days''' of crisis would have been at the '''''position''''' 10 '''''percentage points''''' less in the euro'''''zone''''', he said.<br /> The following texts are excerpts from the official translations of the [[Universal Declaration of Human Rights]] in Indonesian and Malay (Malaysian and Brunei), along with the original declaration in English.<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |+<br /> ![[Indonesian language|Indonesian]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Pernyataan Umum tentang Hak-Hak Asasi Manusia |trans-title=Universal Declaration of Human Rights |url=https://www.ohchr.org/en/human-rights/universal-declaration/translations/indonesian |access-date=2024-06-07 |website=OHCHR}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> !Malay (Malaysia and Brunei)&lt;ref name=&quot;:21&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Perisytiharan Hak Asasi Manusia Sejagat |trans-title=Universal Declaration of Human Rights |url=http://www.ohchr.org/EN/UDHR/Pages/Language.aspx?LangID=mli |website=OHCHR |language=ms}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> !English&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Universal Declaration of Human Rights: English |url=http://www.ohchr.org/EN/UDHR/Pages/Language.aspx?LangID=eng |website=OHCHR}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |- style=&quot;vertical-align: top;&quot;<br /> | lang=&quot;id&quot; |Maka,<br /> Majelis Umum memproklamasikan<br /> <br /> '''PERNYATAAN UMUM TENTANG HAK ASASI MANUSIA''' sebagai satu standar umum keberhasilan untuk semua bangsa dan negara, dengan tujuan agar setiap orang dan setiap badan dalam masyarakat dengan senantiasa mengingat Pernyataan ini, akan berusaha dengan jalan mengajar dan mendidik untuk menggalakkan penghargaan terhadap hak-hak dan kebebasan-kebebasan tersebut, dan dengan jalan tindakan-tindakan progresif yang bersifat nasional maupun internasional, menjamin pengakuan dan penghormatannya secara universal dan efektif, baik oleh bangsa-bangsa dari negara anggota sendiri maupun oleh bangsa-bangsa dari daerah-daerah yang berada di bawah kekuasaan hukum mereka.<br /> <br /> '''Pasal 1''' Semua orang dilahirkan merdeka dan mempunyai martabat dan hak-hak yang sama. Mereka dikaruniai akal dan hati nurani dan hendaknya bergaul satu sama lain dalam semangat persaudaraan.<br /> | lang=&quot;zsm&quot; |Maka dengan ini,<br /> Perhimpunan Agung mengisytiharkan<br /> <br /> '''PERISYTIHARAN SEJAGAT HAK ASASI MANUSIA''' ini sebagai suatu ukuran bersama terhadap pencapaian oleh seluruh umat manusia dan kesemua negara dengan tujuan supaya setiap individu dan setiap badan masyarakat, dengan sentiasa mengingati Perisytiharan ini, hendaklah berazam melalui pengajaran dan pendidikan bagi memajukan sanjungan terhadap seluruh hak-hak dan kebebasan ini dan secara langkah-langkah berperingkat-peringkat, di bidang negara dan antarabangsa, bagi menjaminkan pengkitirafan dan pematuhan sejagatnya yang berkesan, kedua-duanya di antara negara-negara anggota masing-masing dan rakyat wilayah-wilayah di bawah bidang kuasa mereka.<br /> <br /> '''Perkara 1''' Semua manusia dilahirkan bebas dan samarata dari segi kemuliaan dan hak-hak. Mereka mempunyai pemikiran dan perasaan hati dan hendaklah bertindak di antara satu sama lain dengan semangat persaudaraan<br /> | lang=&quot;en&quot; |Now, therefore,<br /> The General Assembly proclaims<br /> <br /> This '''UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS''' as a common standard of achievement for all peoples and all nations, to the end that every individual and every organ of society, keeping this Declaration constantly in mind, shall strive by teaching and education to promote respect for these rights and freedoms and by progressive measures, national and international, to secure their universal and effective recognition and observance, both among the peoples of Member States themselves and among the peoples of territories under their jurisdiction.<br /> <br /> '''Article 1''' All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==See also==<br /> * [[Majlis Bahasa Brunei-Indonesia-Malaysia]]<br /> * [[Malay orthography|Malay-Indonesian orthography]]<br /> * [[Malay grammar|Malay-Indonesian grammar]]<br /> * [[Indonesian orthography]]<br /> * [[Indonesian slang]]<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ==External links==<br /> * {{cite journal |first=Asmah |last=Haji Omar |title=The Malay Spelling Reform |journal=Journal of the Simplified Spelling Society |year=1989 |pages=9–13 |url=http://www.spellingsociety.org/journals/j11/malay.php |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060927160151/http://www.spellingsociety.org/journals/j11/malay.php |archive-date=27 September 2006 |url-status=dead |access-date=2 November 2006 }}<br /> * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120530225650/http://badanbahasa.kemdiknas.go.id/kbbi/ Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia]. 2008. Pusat Bahasa, Departemen Pendidikan Nasional<br /> * {{cite web | author=Regina Pasys | title=Ternyata 4 Negara Ini Mempunya Bahasa yang Mirip dengan Bahasa Indonesia, Sudah Tahu?| publisher=Grid Kids| url=https://kids.grid.id/read/472255841/keren-ternyata-4-negara-ini-mempunya-bahasa-yang-mirip-dengan-bahasa-indonesia-sudah-tahu?page=all}}<br /> * [http://www.tufs.ac.jp/ts/personal/nomoto/ejaan.pdf Senarai komprehensif perbezaan ejaan Malaysia dan ejaan Indonesia], Hiroki Nomoto, Nahoko Yamashita, Ayano Osaka (orthographic differences between Standard Malay and Indonesian)<br /> * convection era [http://konveksibaju.id/]<br /> <br /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Comparison of Standard Malay and Indonesian}}<br /> [[Category:Malay language]]<br /> [[Category:Indonesian language]]<br /> [[Category:Language comparison]]<br /> [[Category:False friends]]<br /> [[Category:Indonesia–Malaysia relations]]</div> Xbypass https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Petjo&diff=1238540080 Petjo 2024-08-04T12:21:42Z <p>Xbypass: </p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Dutch creole in Indonesia}}<br /> {{Infobox language<br /> | name = Petjo<br /> | states = [[Indonesia]], [[Netherlands]]<br /> | ethnicity = {{plainlist|<br /> *[[Indo people|Indo]]<br /> *[[Dutch people|Dutch]]}}<br /> | speakers = &quot;some&quot;<br /> | date = 2007<br /> | ref = e18<br /> | familycolor = Creole<br /> | fam1 = [[Dutch-based creole languages|Dutch Creole]]<br /> | iso3 = pey<br /> | glotto = petj1238<br /> | glottorefname = Petjo<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Petjo''', also known as '''Petjoh''', '''Petjok''', '''Pecok''', '''Petjoek''' ({{Lang-jv|ꦥꦼꦕꦺꦴꦏ꧀|lit=to cut|translit=pecok}}) is a [[Dutch-based creole languages|Dutch-based creole language]] that originated among the [[Indo people|Indos]], people of mixed [[Dutch (ethnic group)|Dutch]] and [[Indonesia]]n ancestry in the former [[Dutch East Indies]]. The language has influences from [[Dutch language|Dutch]] and then depending on the region [[Javanese language|Javanese]], [[Malay language|Malay]], [[Sundanese language|Sundanese]] and [[Betawi language|Betawi]]. Its speakers presently live mostly in Indonesia and the [[Netherlands]]. The language is expected to become gradually extinct by the end of the 21st century, due to Indos' shift toward Indonesian in Indonesia and Dutch in the Netherlands.<br /> <br /> ==Background==<br /> <br /> Just as the [[Indo people|Indo]] (Eurasian) community historically originated from relationships between European males and Indonesian females, its language reflects this same origin. Typified as a mixed-marriage language, the grammar of Petjok is based on the maternal Malay language and the lexicon on the paternal Dutch language.<br /> <br /> The main contact mechanisms responsible for the creation of Petjok are [[Lexicon|lexical]] re-orientation; selective replication and [[Language convergence|convergence]]. The original speakers of the language do not necessarily want to maintain their first language, but rather create a second one. These creative speakers of the language were probably [[bilingual]], but more fluent in the dominant lingua franca i.e., native [[Malay language]], than Dutch language.<br /> <br /> In its overall split between grammar and lexicon, the structure of Petjok is very similar to the [[Media Lengua]] spoken in Ecuador by the Quechua people, with the critical difference that the much older language, Pecok, has undergone late system [[morphemes]] and syntactic blends.<br /> <br /> The most important author that published literary work in this language is the [[Indo people|Indo]] (Eurasian) writer [[Tjalie Robinson]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.tjalie.nl/ Website of Tjalie Robinsons Dutch biographer]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |+Dialect continuum in Indonesian-Dutch language contact&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |last=Salverda |first=Reinier |title=42. Between Dutch and Indonesian: Colonial Dutch in time and space |date=2013-11-14 |work=Dutch |pages=800–821 |editor-last=Hinskens |editor-first=Frans |url=https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9783110261332.800/html |access-date=2024-08-04 |publisher=DE GRUYTER |doi=10.1515/9783110261332.800 |isbn=978-3-11-018005-3 |editor2-last=Taeldeman |editor2-first=Johan}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> !Grammatical features<br /> !Dutch<br /> !Indies Dutch<br /> !Pecok<br /> !Malay<br /> |-<br /> |'''Dutch'''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |Verb Second<br /> | +<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |Inversion<br /> | +<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |Copula<br /> | +<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |Dutch inflection<br /> | +<br /> | +<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |Dutch lexicon<br /> | +<br /> | +<br /> | +<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |Emphatic PRO<br /> |<br /> | +<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |'''Malay/Indonesian'''<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |<br /> |-<br /> |Malay morphology<br /> |<br /> |<br /> | +<br /> | +<br /> |-<br /> |Topic-deletion<br /> |<br /> |<br /> | +<br /> | +<br /> |-<br /> |Malay particles<br /> |<br /> |<br /> | +<br /> | +<br /> |}<br /> Largely an oral language, there is no standard spelling for the language. Texts may be written using what is known as the old spelling (''Ejaan Tempo Dulu'') or the Indonesian [[Enhanced Indonesian Spelling System|Enhanced Spelling]] (''Ejaan Yang Disempurnakan''). Some spelling differences (new vs old) are: j=dj, u=oe, y=j, c=tj, ny=nj, sy=sj, and kh=ch.<br /> <br /> Each urban area with a large Indo community had their own variation of Petjok. For example: the Petjok of [[Batavia, Dutch East Indies|Batavia]] was influenced by a form of Malay which contained many Chinese words, in [[Bandung]], many Sundanese words were used, while in [[Semarang]] and [[Surabaya]] many Javanese words were in use. Petjo should not be confused with [[Javindo language|Javindo]], a different creole language spoken by [[Indos in the Dutch East Indies]]. With the loss of the generation that lived in the [[Dutch East Indies]] era, that language has almost died out, but it become identity for ''[[Indo people|Indo]]'' descent.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Vries |first=J. W. de |title=Sporen van een lndisch verleden 1600-1942 |publisher=Centrum voor Onderzoek van Maatschappelijke Tegenstellingen, Rijksuniversiteit Leiden |year=1992 |editor-last=Willems |editor-first=W. |location=[[Leiden]] |pages=125-139 |language=nl |trans-title=Traces of an Indo past 1600-1942 |chapter=lndisch-Nederlands: verleden, hedenen toekomst |trans-chapter=Indo: past, present and future}}&lt;/ref&gt; In contrast, the colonial society saw the creole languages as a corrupted Dutch which should be corrected as quickly as possible.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |date=1994 |editor-last=Bakker |editor-first=M. A. |editor2-last=Morrison |editor2-first=B. H. |title=The language of the Indo-Dutch |journal=Studies in Netherlandic Culture and Literature |location=Lanham-New York-London |publisher=University Press of America |volume=7 |pages=213-226}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |+Comparison between Javindo and Petjo&lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=de Vries |first=Jan W. |url=https://brill.com/view/title/30303 |title=Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Austronesian Linguistics |last2=Stokhof |first2=Wim |date=1997-01-01 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-64325-3 |editor-last=Odé |editor-first=Cecilia |chapter=Verbal Morphology in Javindo and Pecok |doi=10.1163/9789004643253_019 |editor-last2=Stokhof |editor-first2=Wim}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> !<br /> !Javindo<br /> !Petjo<br /> |-<br /> |Actor vs non-actor<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; |strong preference for non-actor-oriented sentences<br /> |-<br /> |Lexifier language<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Dutch language|Dutch]]<br /> |-<br /> |Origin of the Speakers<br /> |Semarang<br /> |Batavia<br /> |-<br /> |Substrate language<br /> |[[Javanese language|Javanese]]<br /> |[[Betawi language|Batavian Malay]]<br /> |-<br /> |Speaker as actor indicator<br /> |''taq, tak, ta`''<br /> |''ku-''<br /> |-<br /> |Hearer as actor<br /> |''koq''<br /> |''kau-'' / absent<br /> |-<br /> |Affixation by suffix<br /> |<br /> |lack of<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Phonology ==<br /> Petjo's phonology is based on the Malay phonology. This means that both words in Malay and in Dutch sound sequences in syllables are lengthened, consonants and vowels are likely to overlap each other (CVCV); some consonants that follow each other (consonant clusters) are most likely to be avoided. The following will give an example of an 'e' which is spoken unstressed ([[schwa]] insertion) or the consonant is omitted.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Paasman |first=Bert |url=https://www.bol.com/nl/nl/p/tjalie-robinson-de-stem-van-indisch-nederland/1001004001565482/ |title=Tjalie Robinson, de stem van Indisch Nederlands |publisher=Stichting Tong-Tong |year=1994 |location=The Hague |pages=26}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> !English<br /> !Dutch<br /> !Petjo<br /> !Indonesian<br /> Cognate<br /> !Indonesian<br /> Synonyms<br /> |-<br /> |headquarters<br /> |hoofdbureau<br /> |obiro<br /> |hopbiro<br /> |kantor pusat, markas<br /> |-<br /> |arrest<br /> |arresteren<br /> |asseret<br /> |arès<br /> |menahan<br /> |-<br /> |syrup<br /> |stroop<br /> |seterop<br /> |setrup<br /> |sirup<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === Consonants ===<br /> <br /> ==== Consonant shifts ====<br /> The suprasegmental aspects – word stress and intonation – in Petjo are very similar to Malay; Petjo has a striking ''zinsmelodie'' (rhythm) compared to Dutch. In addition, Petjo has a different consonant pronunciation compared to Dutch. Below is a shift in the pronunciation of voiced consonants to voiceless in Petjo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Cress |first=Richard |url=https://www.bol.com/nl/nl/p/petjoh/666761863/#:~:text=Petjoh%20is%20een%20handig%20naslagwerk,van%20hun%20kennis%20en%20ervaringen. |title=Petjoh woorden en wetenswaardigheden uit het Indische verleden |publisher=Prometheus |year=1998 |isbn=9789053336076 |location=Amsterdam |pages=26-27}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> !Dutch<br /> !Petjo<br /> !Examples<br /> |-<br /> |z<br /> |s<br /> |zeg [seg] (say); zwart [swart] (black)<br /> |-<br /> |v<br /> |f<br /> |vreemd [freem] (foreign); over [ofer] (about)<br /> |-<br /> |v/f<br /> |p<br /> |verlop [perlop] (expire)<br /> |-<br /> |h<br /> |g/ch<br /> |huis [chuis] (house); hem [chem] (him)<br /> |-<br /> |g/ch<br /> |h<br /> |tegen [tehen] (against); vergeten [verheten] (to forget)<br /> |-<br /> |j<br /> |ie-j<br /> |ja [ijo] (yes)<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==== Consonant blends ====<br /> The combination of consonants also for many Petjo speakers becomes an insurmountable problem. Petjo speakers will usually omit some sounds or add others in between to get a slightly flexible tongue to pronounce a combination of consonants.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> !Dutch<br /> !Petjo<br /> !Examples<br /> |-<br /> |schr<br /> |sr<br /> |schrik [srik] (fright)<br /> |-<br /> |nk<br /> |ng<br /> |denk [deng] (think)<br /> |-<br /> |e (schwa)<br /> | -<br /> |luisteren [leist’ren] (listen)<br /> |-<br /> | -<br /> |e (schwa)<br /> |straks [sêtêraks] (soon)<br /> |-<br /> | -<br /> |d/t<br /> |er in [d’rin] (in it); is er [ister] (is there)<br /> |-<br /> |t<br /> | -<br /> |vent [fen] (guy); hond [chon] (dog)<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === Vowels ===<br /> In Petjo's pronunciation, all vowels are pronounced [[Nasalization|nasally]]. Long and closed sounds are pronounced open or wide. Long sounds are often pronounced shorter and short sounds made longer compared to Dutch pronunciation:&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> !Dutch<br /> !Petjo<br /> !Examples<br /> |-<br /> |a<br /> |aa<br /> |man [maan] (man)<br /> |-<br /> |oo<br /> |o<br /> |dood [dhó] (dead)<br /> |-<br /> |uu<br /> |ie<br /> |natuurlijk [natierlijk] (naturally)<br /> |-<br /> |u<br /> |i<br /> |stuk [stik] (piece)<br /> |-<br /> |e<br /> |aa<br /> |geweldig [haaweldih] (awesome)<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Language samples ==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> !English<br /> !Petjo<br /> !Dutch<br /> !Indonesian<br /> |-<br /> |Where did you get those cigarettes, Ntiet?<br /> |Fanwaar rokok-nja, Ntiet?<br /> |Waar heb je die sigaretten vandaan, Ntiet?<br /> |Dari mana rokoknya, Ntiet?&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Robinson |first=Tjalie |title=Ik en Bentiet |publisher=Moesson |year=1975 |isbn=9070301369 |pages=26}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |Where are you going Koos?<br /> |Jij haat naarwaar Koos?<br /> |Waar ga je naar toe Koos?<br /> |Kamu mau pergi ke mana, Koos?&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Robinson |first=Tjalie |title=Piekerans van een straatslijper II |publisher=Masa Baru |year=1955 |location=Bandung}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |The clothes that were washed by that woman<br /> |Kleren njang di-wassen door die frouw<br /> |De kleren die door die vrouw worden gewassen<br /> |Pakaian yang dicuci oleh wanita itu&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |See that quid?<br /> |Je siet proempie-nja?<br /> |Zie je die pruim (pruimtabak)?<br /> |Lihat premnya?<br /> |-<br /> |The water that flows gently<br /> |De water, njang stromen sachjes<br /> |Het water, dat zachtjes stroomt<br /> |Air, yang mengalir perlahan<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === Fragment from ''Petjoh van Batavia'' ===<br /> From [[Tjalie Robinson]], ''Ik en Bentiet'':&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> I say: &quot;Als so, alleen djoeloeng-djoeloeng jij fang!&quot;<br /> <br /> He say: &quot;Itoe diejè!&quot;<br /> <br /> I say: &quot;Njang klein-klein fóór wat?&quot;<br /> <br /> He say: &quot;Foor kwamaroem&quot;.<br /> <br /> I say: &quot;Foor wat?&quot;<br /> <br /> He say: Foor waramoeki&quot;.<br /> <br /> I say: So-euven jij seh anders&quot;.<br /> <br /> He say: &quot;Ha-a. Muuleke woort dese. Laat maar dese woort, alsmaar ding-nja hoet&quot;.<br /> <br /> I say: &quot;Wat foor ding, dese ding. Lekker?&quot;<br /> <br /> He say: &quot;Masa lekker. Als jij denken freten door maar-door jij&quot;.<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> ===Citations===<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ===Bibliography===<br /> *Cress, R.(1998): Petjoh. Woorden en wetenswaardigheden uit het Indische verleden. Amsterdam, Prometheus.<br /> *Rickford, J.R. &amp; Mc Worther, J (1997): “Language contact and language generation: Pidgins and Creoles”. In: F. Coulmas (red), The handbook of sociolinguistics. Oxford, Blackwell, p.&amp;nbsp;238–256.<br /> *Riyanto, Sugeng (1996): “Het ontstaan en de structuur van het Petjoek”, In: Darmojuwono, Setiawati; Suratminto, Lilie (red): Duapuluh lima tahun studi Belanda di Indonesia/ Vijfentwintig jaar studie Nederlands in Indonesië. p.&amp;nbsp;209–218<br /> *Van Rheeden, Hadewych A. (1995): &quot;Het Petjo van Batavia – ontstaan en structuur van de taal van de Indo's&quot;, Amsterdam: Universiteit van Amsterdam, Instituut voor Algemene Taalwetenschap<br /> *{{cite conference <br /> | url = http://sealang.net/sala/archives/pdf4/amade1995functions.pdf<br /> | title = Functions of Left Dislocation in Petjoh<br /> | last1 = Amade<br /> | first1 = Elly G.<br /> | publisher = University of Colorado<br /> | date = 1995<br /> | conference = Third Annual Meeting of the Southeast Asian Linguistics Society<br /> | conference-url = http://jseals.org/seals3-contents.htm<br /> }}<br /> {{incubator|pey}}<br /> {{Languages of Indonesia}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Dutch-based pidgins and creoles]]<br /> [[Category:Languages of Indonesia]]<br /> [[Category:Dutch language in Asia]]</div> Xbypass https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Petjo&diff=1238536479 Petjo 2024-08-04T11:50:53Z <p>Xbypass: /* Phonology */</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Dutch creole in Indonesia}}<br /> {{Infobox language<br /> | name = Petjo<br /> | states = [[Indonesia]], [[Netherlands]]<br /> | ethnicity = {{plainlist|<br /> *[[Indo people|Indo]]<br /> *[[Dutch people|Dutch]]}}<br /> | speakers = &quot;some&quot;<br /> | date = 2007<br /> | ref = e18<br /> | familycolor = Creole<br /> | fam1 = [[Dutch-based creole languages|Dutch Creole]]<br /> | iso3 = pey<br /> | glotto = petj1238<br /> | glottorefname = Petjo<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Petjo''', also known as '''Petjoh''', '''Petjok''', '''Pecok''', '''Petjoek''' ({{Lang-jv|ꦥꦼꦕꦺꦴꦏ꧀|lit=to cut|translit=pecok}}) is a [[Dutch-based creole languages|Dutch-based creole language]] that originated among the [[Indo people|Indos]], people of mixed [[Dutch (ethnic group)|Dutch]] and [[Indonesia]]n ancestry in the former [[Dutch East Indies]]. The language has influences from [[Dutch language|Dutch]] and then depending on the region [[Javanese language|Javanese]], [[Malay language|Malay]], [[Sundanese language|Sundanese]] and [[Betawi language|Betawi]]. Its speakers presently live mostly in Indonesia and the [[Netherlands]]. The language is expected to become gradually extinct by the end of the 21st century, due to Indos' shift toward Indonesian in Indonesia and Dutch in the Netherlands.<br /> <br /> ==Background==<br /> <br /> Just as the [[Indo people|Indo]] (Eurasian) community historically originated from relationships between European males and Indonesian females, its language reflects this same origin. Typified as a mixed-marriage language, the grammar of Petjok is based on the maternal Malay language and the lexicon on the paternal Dutch language.<br /> <br /> The main contact mechanisms responsible for the creation of Petjok are [[Lexicon|lexical]] re-orientation; selective replication and [[Language convergence|convergence]]. The original speakers of the language do not necessarily want to maintain their first language, but rather create a second one. These creative speakers of the language were probably [[bilingual]], but more fluent in the dominant lingua franca i.e., native [[Malay language]], than Dutch language.<br /> <br /> In its overall split between grammar and lexicon, the structure of Petjok is very similar to the [[Media Lengua]] spoken in Ecuador by the Quechua people, with the critical difference that the much older language, Pecok, has undergone late system [[morphemes]] and syntactic blends.<br /> <br /> The most important author that published literary work in this language is the [[Indo people|Indo]] (Eurasian) writer [[Tjalie Robinson]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.tjalie.nl/ Website of Tjalie Robinsons Dutch biographer]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Largely an oral language, there is no standard spelling for the language. Texts may be written using what is known as the old spelling (''Ejaan Tempo Dulu'') or the Indonesian [[Enhanced Indonesian Spelling System|Enhanced Spelling]] (''Ejaan Yang Disempurnakan''). Some spelling differences (new vs old) are: j=dj, u=oe, y=j, c=tj, ny=nj, sy=sj, and kh=ch.<br /> <br /> Each urban area with a large Indo community had their own variation of Petjok. For example: the Petjok of [[Batavia, Dutch East Indies|Batavia]] was influenced by a form of Malay which contained many Chinese words, in [[Bandung]], many Sundanese words were used, while in [[Semarang]] and [[Surabaya]] many Javanese words were in use. Petjo should not be confused with [[Javindo language|Javindo]], a different creole language spoken by [[Indos in the Dutch East Indies]]. With the loss of the generation that lived in the [[Dutch East Indies]] era, that language has almost died out, but it become identity for ''[[Indo people|Indo]]'' descent.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Vries |first=J. W. de |title=Sporen van een lndisch verleden 1600-1942 |publisher=Centrum voor Onderzoek van Maatschappelijke Tegenstellingen, Rijksuniversiteit Leiden |year=1992 |editor-last=Willems |editor-first=W. |location=[[Leiden]] |pages=125-139 |language=nl |trans-title=Traces of an Indo past 1600-1942 |chapter=lndisch-Nederlands: verleden, hedenen toekomst |trans-chapter=Indo: past, present and future}}&lt;/ref&gt; In contrast, the colonial society saw the creole languages as a corrupted Dutch which should be corrected as quickly as possible.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |date=1994 |editor-last=Bakker |editor-first=M. A. |editor2-last=Morrison |editor2-first=B. H. |title=The language of the Indo-Dutch |journal=Studies in Netherlandic Culture and Literature |location=Lanham-New York-London |publisher=University Press of America |volume=7 |pages=213-226}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |+Comparison between Javindo and Petjo&lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=de Vries |first=Jan W. |url=https://brill.com/view/title/30303 |title=Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Austronesian Linguistics |last2=Stokhof |first2=Wim |date=1997-01-01 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-64325-3 |editor-last=Odé |editor-first=Cecilia |chapter=Verbal Morphology in Javindo and Pecok |doi=10.1163/9789004643253_019 |editor-last2=Stokhof |editor-first2=Wim}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> !<br /> !Javindo<br /> !Petjo<br /> |-<br /> |Actor vs non-actor<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; |strong preference for non-actor-oriented sentences<br /> |-<br /> |Lexifier language<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Dutch language|Dutch]]<br /> |-<br /> |Origin of the Speakers<br /> |Semarang<br /> |Batavia<br /> |-<br /> |Substrate language<br /> |[[Javanese language|Javanese]]<br /> |[[Betawi language|Batavian Malay]]<br /> |-<br /> |Speaker as actor indicator<br /> |''taq, tak, ta`''<br /> |''ku-''<br /> |-<br /> |Hearer as actor<br /> |''koq''<br /> |''kau-'' / absent<br /> |-<br /> |Affixation by suffix<br /> |<br /> |lack of<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Phonology ==<br /> Petjo's phonology is based on the Malay phonology. This means that both words in Malay and in Dutch sound sequences in syllables are lengthened, consonants and vowels are likely to overlap each other (CVCV); some consonants that follow each other (consonant clusters) are most likely to be avoided. The following will give an example of an 'e' which is spoken unstressed ([[schwa]] insertion) or the consonant is omitted.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Paasman |first=Bert |url=https://www.bol.com/nl/nl/p/tjalie-robinson-de-stem-van-indisch-nederland/1001004001565482/ |title=Tjalie Robinson, de stem van Indisch Nederlands |publisher=Stichting Tong-Tong |year=1994 |location=The Hague |pages=26}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> !English<br /> !Dutch<br /> !Petjo<br /> !Indonesian<br /> Cognate<br /> !Indonesian<br /> Synonyms<br /> |-<br /> |headquarters<br /> |hoofdbureau<br /> |obiro<br /> |hopbiro<br /> |kantor pusat, markas<br /> |-<br /> |arrest<br /> |arresteren<br /> |asseret<br /> |arès<br /> |menahan<br /> |-<br /> |syrup<br /> |stroop<br /> |seterop<br /> |setrup<br /> |sirup<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === Consonants ===<br /> <br /> ==== Consonant shifts ====<br /> The suprasegmental aspects – word stress and intonation – in Petjo are very similar to Malay; Petjo has a striking ''zinsmelodie'' (rhythm) compared to Dutch. In addition, Petjo has a different consonant pronunciation compared to Dutch. Below is a shift in the pronunciation of voiced consonants to voiceless in Petjo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Cress |first=Richard |url=https://www.bol.com/nl/nl/p/petjoh/666761863/#:~:text=Petjoh%20is%20een%20handig%20naslagwerk,van%20hun%20kennis%20en%20ervaringen. |title=Petjoh woorden en wetenswaardigheden uit het Indische verleden |publisher=Prometheus |year=1998 |isbn=9789053336076 |location=Amsterdam |pages=26-27}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> !Dutch<br /> !Petjo<br /> !Examples<br /> |-<br /> |z<br /> |s<br /> |zeg [seg] (say); zwart [swart] (black)<br /> |-<br /> |v<br /> |f<br /> |vreemd [freem] (foreign); over [ofer] (about)<br /> |-<br /> |v/f<br /> |p<br /> |verlop [perlop] (expire)<br /> |-<br /> |h<br /> |g/ch<br /> |huis [chuis] (house); hem [chem] (him)<br /> |-<br /> |g/ch<br /> |h<br /> |tegen [tehen] (against); vergeten [verheten] (to forget)<br /> |-<br /> |j<br /> |ie-j<br /> |ja [ijo] (yes)<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==== Consonant blends ====<br /> The combination of consonants also for many Petjo speakers becomes an insurmountable problem. Petjo speakers will usually omit some sounds or add others in between to get a slightly flexible tongue to pronounce a combination of consonants.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> !Dutch<br /> !Petjo<br /> !Examples<br /> |-<br /> |schr<br /> |sr<br /> |schrik [srik] (fright)<br /> |-<br /> |nk<br /> |ng<br /> |denk [deng] (think)<br /> |-<br /> |e (schwa)<br /> | -<br /> |luisteren [leist’ren] (listen)<br /> |-<br /> | -<br /> |e (schwa)<br /> |straks [sêtêraks] (soon)<br /> |-<br /> | -<br /> |d/t<br /> |er in [d’rin] (in it); is er [ister] (is there)<br /> |-<br /> |t<br /> | -<br /> |vent [fen] (guy); hond [chon] (dog)<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === Vowels ===<br /> In Petjo's pronunciation, all vowels are pronounced [[Nasalization|nasally]]. Long and closed sounds are pronounced open or wide. Long sounds are often pronounced shorter and short sounds made longer compared to Dutch pronunciation:&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> !Dutch<br /> !Petjo<br /> !Examples<br /> |-<br /> |a<br /> |aa<br /> |man [maan] (man)<br /> |-<br /> |oo<br /> |o<br /> |dood [dhó] (dead)<br /> |-<br /> |uu<br /> |ie<br /> |natuurlijk [natierlijk] (naturally)<br /> |-<br /> |u<br /> |i<br /> |stuk [stik] (piece)<br /> |-<br /> |e<br /> |aa<br /> |geweldig [haaweldih] (awesome)<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Language samples ==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> !English<br /> !Petjo<br /> !Dutch<br /> !Indonesian<br /> |-<br /> |Where did you get those cigarettes, Ntiet?<br /> |Fanwaar rokok-nja, Ntiet?<br /> |Waar heb je die sigaretten vandaan, Ntiet?<br /> |Dari mana rokoknya, Ntiet?&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Robinson |first=Tjalie |title=Ik en Bentiet |publisher=Moesson |year=1975 |isbn=9070301369 |pages=26}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |Where are you going Koos?<br /> |Jij haat naarwaar Koos?<br /> |Waar ga je naar toe Koos?<br /> |Kamu mau pergi ke mana, Koos?&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Robinson |first=Tjalie |title=Piekerans van een straatslijper II |publisher=Masa Baru |year=1955 |location=Bandung}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |The clothes that were washed by that woman<br /> |Kleren njang di-wassen door die frouw<br /> |De kleren die door die vrouw worden gewassen<br /> |Pakaian yang dicuci oleh wanita itu&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |See that quid?<br /> |Je siet proempie-nja?<br /> |Zie je die pruim (pruimtabak)?<br /> |Lihat premnya?<br /> |-<br /> |The water that flows gently<br /> |De water, njang stromen sachjes<br /> |Het water, dat zachtjes stroomt<br /> |Air, yang mengalir perlahan<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === Fragment from ''Petjoh van Batavia'' ===<br /> From [[Tjalie Robinson]], ''Ik en Bentiet'':&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> I say: &quot;Als so, alleen djoeloeng-djoeloeng jij fang!&quot;<br /> <br /> He say: &quot;Itoe diejè!&quot;<br /> <br /> I say: &quot;Njang klein-klein fóór wat?&quot;<br /> <br /> He say: &quot;Foor kwamaroem&quot;.<br /> <br /> I say: &quot;Foor wat?&quot;<br /> <br /> He say: Foor waramoeki&quot;.<br /> <br /> I say: So-euven jij seh anders&quot;.<br /> <br /> He say: &quot;Ha-a. Muuleke woort dese. Laat maar dese woort, alsmaar ding-nja hoet&quot;.<br /> <br /> I say: &quot;Wat foor ding, dese ding. Lekker?&quot;<br /> <br /> He say: &quot;Masa lekker. Als jij denken freten door maar-door jij&quot;.<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> ===Citations===<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ===Bibliography===<br /> *Cress, R.(1998): Petjoh. Woorden en wetenswaardigheden uit het Indische verleden. Amsterdam, Prometheus.<br /> *Rickford, J.R. &amp; Mc Worther, J (1997): “Language contact and language generation: Pidgins and Creoles”. In: F. Coulmas (red), The handbook of sociolinguistics. Oxford, Blackwell, p.&amp;nbsp;238–256.<br /> *Riyanto, Sugeng (1996): “Het ontstaan en de structuur van het Petjoek”, In: Darmojuwono, Setiawati; Suratminto, Lilie (red): Duapuluh lima tahun studi Belanda di Indonesia/ Vijfentwintig jaar studie Nederlands in Indonesië. p.&amp;nbsp;209–218<br /> *Van Rheeden, Hadewych A. (1995): &quot;Het Petjo van Batavia – ontstaan en structuur van de taal van de Indo's&quot;, Amsterdam: Universiteit van Amsterdam, Instituut voor Algemene Taalwetenschap<br /> *{{cite conference <br /> | url = http://sealang.net/sala/archives/pdf4/amade1995functions.pdf<br /> | title = Functions of Left Dislocation in Petjoh<br /> | last1 = Amade<br /> | first1 = Elly G.<br /> | publisher = University of Colorado<br /> | date = 1995<br /> | conference = Third Annual Meeting of the Southeast Asian Linguistics Society<br /> | conference-url = http://jseals.org/seals3-contents.htm<br /> }}<br /> {{incubator|pey}}<br /> {{Languages of Indonesia}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Dutch-based pidgins and creoles]]<br /> [[Category:Languages of Indonesia]]<br /> [[Category:Dutch language in Asia]]</div> Xbypass https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Petjo&diff=1238535926 Petjo 2024-08-04T11:46:00Z <p>Xbypass: /* Phonology */</p> <hr /> <div>{{Short description|Dutch creole in Indonesia}}<br /> {{Infobox language<br /> | name = Petjo<br /> | states = [[Indonesia]], [[Netherlands]]<br /> | ethnicity = {{plainlist|<br /> *[[Indo people|Indo]]<br /> *[[Dutch people|Dutch]]}}<br /> | speakers = &quot;some&quot;<br /> | date = 2007<br /> | ref = e18<br /> | familycolor = Creole<br /> | fam1 = [[Dutch-based creole languages|Dutch Creole]]<br /> | iso3 = pey<br /> | glotto = petj1238<br /> | glottorefname = Petjo<br /> }}<br /> <br /> '''Petjo''', also known as '''Petjoh''', '''Petjok''', '''Pecok''', '''Petjoek''' ({{Lang-jv|ꦥꦼꦕꦺꦴꦏ꧀|lit=to cut|translit=pecok}}) is a [[Dutch-based creole languages|Dutch-based creole language]] that originated among the [[Indo people|Indos]], people of mixed [[Dutch (ethnic group)|Dutch]] and [[Indonesia]]n ancestry in the former [[Dutch East Indies]]. The language has influences from [[Dutch language|Dutch]] and then depending on the region [[Javanese language|Javanese]], [[Malay language|Malay]], [[Sundanese language|Sundanese]] and [[Betawi language|Betawi]]. Its speakers presently live mostly in Indonesia and the [[Netherlands]]. The language is expected to become gradually extinct by the end of the 21st century, due to Indos' shift toward Indonesian in Indonesia and Dutch in the Netherlands.<br /> <br /> ==Background==<br /> <br /> Just as the [[Indo people|Indo]] (Eurasian) community historically originated from relationships between European males and Indonesian females, its language reflects this same origin. Typified as a mixed-marriage language, the grammar of Petjok is based on the maternal Malay language and the lexicon on the paternal Dutch language.<br /> <br /> The main contact mechanisms responsible for the creation of Petjok are [[Lexicon|lexical]] re-orientation; selective replication and [[Language convergence|convergence]]. The original speakers of the language do not necessarily want to maintain their first language, but rather create a second one. These creative speakers of the language were probably [[bilingual]], but more fluent in the dominant lingua franca i.e., native [[Malay language]], than Dutch language.<br /> <br /> In its overall split between grammar and lexicon, the structure of Petjok is very similar to the [[Media Lengua]] spoken in Ecuador by the Quechua people, with the critical difference that the much older language, Pecok, has undergone late system [[morphemes]] and syntactic blends.<br /> <br /> The most important author that published literary work in this language is the [[Indo people|Indo]] (Eurasian) writer [[Tjalie Robinson]].&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.tjalie.nl/ Website of Tjalie Robinsons Dutch biographer]&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> <br /> Largely an oral language, there is no standard spelling for the language. Texts may be written using what is known as the old spelling (''Ejaan Tempo Dulu'') or the Indonesian [[Enhanced Indonesian Spelling System|Enhanced Spelling]] (''Ejaan Yang Disempurnakan''). Some spelling differences (new vs old) are: j=dj, u=oe, y=j, c=tj, ny=nj, sy=sj, and kh=ch.<br /> <br /> Each urban area with a large Indo community had their own variation of Petjok. For example: the Petjok of [[Batavia, Dutch East Indies|Batavia]] was influenced by a form of Malay which contained many Chinese words, in [[Bandung]], many Sundanese words were used, while in [[Semarang]] and [[Surabaya]] many Javanese words were in use. Petjo should not be confused with [[Javindo language|Javindo]], a different creole language spoken by [[Indos in the Dutch East Indies]]. With the loss of the generation that lived in the [[Dutch East Indies]] era, that language has almost died out, but it become identity for ''[[Indo people|Indo]]'' descent.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Vries |first=J. W. de |title=Sporen van een lndisch verleden 1600-1942 |publisher=Centrum voor Onderzoek van Maatschappelijke Tegenstellingen, Rijksuniversiteit Leiden |year=1992 |editor-last=Willems |editor-first=W. |location=[[Leiden]] |pages=125-139 |language=nl |trans-title=Traces of an Indo past 1600-1942 |chapter=lndisch-Nederlands: verleden, hedenen toekomst |trans-chapter=Indo: past, present and future}}&lt;/ref&gt; In contrast, the colonial society saw the creole languages as a corrupted Dutch which should be corrected as quickly as possible.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |date=1994 |editor-last=Bakker |editor-first=M. A. |editor2-last=Morrison |editor2-first=B. H. |title=The language of the Indo-Dutch |journal=Studies in Netherlandic Culture and Literature |location=Lanham-New York-London |publisher=University Press of America |volume=7 |pages=213-226}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> |+Comparison between Javindo and Petjo&lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=de Vries |first=Jan W. |url=https://brill.com/view/title/30303 |title=Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Austronesian Linguistics |last2=Stokhof |first2=Wim |date=1997-01-01 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-04-64325-3 |editor-last=Odé |editor-first=Cecilia |chapter=Verbal Morphology in Javindo and Pecok |doi=10.1163/9789004643253_019 |editor-last2=Stokhof |editor-first2=Wim}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> !<br /> !Javindo<br /> !Petjo<br /> |-<br /> |Actor vs non-actor<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; |strong preference for non-actor-oriented sentences<br /> |-<br /> |Lexifier language<br /> | colspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[Dutch language|Dutch]]<br /> |-<br /> |Origin of the Speakers<br /> |Semarang<br /> |Batavia<br /> |-<br /> |Substrate language<br /> |[[Javanese language|Javanese]]<br /> |[[Betawi language|Batavian Malay]]<br /> |-<br /> |Speaker as actor indicator<br /> |''taq, tak, ta`''<br /> |''ku-''<br /> |-<br /> |Hearer as actor<br /> |''koq''<br /> |''kau-'' / absent<br /> |-<br /> |Affixation by suffix<br /> |<br /> |lack of<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Phonology ==<br /> Petjo's phonology is based on the Malay phonology. This means that both words in Malay and in Dutch sound sequences in syllables are lengthened, consonants and vowels are likely to overlap each other (CVCV); some consonants that follow each other (consonant clusters) are most likely to be avoided. The following will give an example of an 'e' which is spoken unstressed ([[schwa]] insertion) or the consonant is omitted.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Paasman |first=Bert |url=https://www.bol.com/nl/nl/p/tjalie-robinson-de-stem-van-indisch-nederland/1001004001565482/ |title=Tjalie Robinson, de stem van Indisch Nederlands |publisher=Stichting Tong-Tong |year=1994 |location=The Hague |pages=26}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> !English<br /> !Dutch<br /> !Petjo<br /> !Indonesian<br /> |-<br /> |headquarters<br /> |hoofdbureau<br /> |obiro<br /> |markas<br /> |-<br /> |arrest<br /> |arresteren<br /> |asseret<br /> |menangkap<br /> |-<br /> |syrup<br /> |stroop<br /> |seterop<br /> |sirup<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === Consonants ===<br /> <br /> ==== Consonant shifts ====<br /> The suprasegmental aspects – word stress and intonation – in Petjo are very similar to Malay; Petjo has a striking ''zinsmelodie'' (rhythm) compared to Dutch. In addition, Petjo has a different consonant pronunciation compared to Dutch. Below is a shift in the pronunciation of voiced consonants to voiceless in Petjo.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Cress |first=Richard |url=https://www.bol.com/nl/nl/p/petjoh/666761863/#:~:text=Petjoh%20is%20een%20handig%20naslagwerk,van%20hun%20kennis%20en%20ervaringen. |title=Petjoh woorden en wetenswaardigheden uit het Indische verleden |publisher=Prometheus |year=1998 |isbn=9789053336076 |location=Amsterdam |pages=26-27}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> !Dutch<br /> !Petjo<br /> !Examples<br /> |-<br /> |z<br /> |s<br /> |zeg [seg] (say); zwart [swart] (black)<br /> |-<br /> |v<br /> |f<br /> |vreemd [freem] (foreign); over [ofer] (about)<br /> |-<br /> |v/f<br /> |p<br /> |verlop [perlop] (expire)<br /> |-<br /> |h<br /> |g/ch<br /> |huis [chuis] (house); hem [chem] (him)<br /> |-<br /> |g/ch<br /> |h<br /> |tegen [tehen] (against); vergeten [verheten] (to forget)<br /> |-<br /> |j<br /> |ie-j<br /> |ja [ijo] (yes)<br /> |}<br /> <br /> ==== Consonant blends ====<br /> The combination of consonants also for many Petjo speakers becomes an insurmountable problem. Petjo speakers will usually omit some sounds or add others in between to get a slightly flexible tongue to pronounce a combination of consonants.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> !Dutch<br /> !Petjo<br /> !Examples<br /> |-<br /> |schr<br /> |sr<br /> |schrik [srik] (fright)<br /> |-<br /> |nk<br /> |ng<br /> |denk [deng] (think)<br /> |-<br /> |e (schwa)<br /> | -<br /> |luisteren [leist’ren] (listen)<br /> |-<br /> | -<br /> |e (schwa)<br /> |straks [sêtêraks] (soon)<br /> |-<br /> | -<br /> |d/t<br /> |er in [d’rin] (in it); is er [ister] (is there)<br /> |-<br /> |t<br /> | -<br /> |vent [fen] (guy); hond [chon] (dog)<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === Vowels ===<br /> In Petjo's pronunciation, all vowels are pronounced [[Nasalization|nasally]]. Long and closed sounds are pronounced open or wide. Long sounds are often pronounced shorter and short sounds made longer compared to Dutch pronunciation:&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> !Dutch<br /> !Petjo<br /> !Examples<br /> |-<br /> |a<br /> |aa<br /> |man [maan] (man)<br /> |-<br /> |oo<br /> |o<br /> |dood [dhó] (dead)<br /> |-<br /> |uu<br /> |ie<br /> |natuurlijk [natierlijk] (naturally)<br /> |-<br /> |u<br /> |i<br /> |stuk [stik] (piece)<br /> |-<br /> |e<br /> |aa<br /> |geweldig [haaweldih] (awesome)<br /> |}<br /> <br /> == Language samples ==<br /> {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;<br /> !English<br /> !Petjo<br /> !Dutch<br /> !Indonesian<br /> |-<br /> |Where did you get those cigarettes, Ntiet?<br /> |Fanwaar rokok-nja, Ntiet?<br /> |Waar heb je die sigaretten vandaan, Ntiet?<br /> |Dari mana rokoknya, Ntiet?&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Robinson |first=Tjalie |title=Ik en Bentiet |publisher=Moesson |year=1975 |isbn=9070301369 |pages=26}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |Where are you going Koos?<br /> |Jij haat naarwaar Koos?<br /> |Waar ga je naar toe Koos?<br /> |Kamu mau pergi ke mana, Koos?&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Robinson |first=Tjalie |title=Piekerans van een straatslijper II |publisher=Masa Baru |year=1955 |location=Bandung}}&lt;/ref&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |The clothes that were washed by that woman<br /> |Kleren njang di-wassen door die frouw<br /> |De kleren die door die vrouw worden gewassen<br /> |Pakaian yang dicuci oleh wanita itu&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;<br /> |-<br /> |See that quid?<br /> |Je siet proempie-nja?<br /> |Zie je die pruim (pruimtabak)?<br /> |Lihat premnya?<br /> |-<br /> |The water that flows gently<br /> |De water, njang stromen sachjes<br /> |Het water, dat zachtjes stroomt<br /> |Air, yang mengalir perlahan<br /> |}<br /> <br /> === Fragment from ''Petjoh van Batavia'' ===<br /> From [[Tjalie Robinson]], ''Ik en Bentiet'':&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;<br /> <br /> I say: &quot;Als so, alleen djoeloeng-djoeloeng jij fang!&quot;<br /> <br /> He say: &quot;Itoe diejè!&quot;<br /> <br /> I say: &quot;Njang klein-klein fóór wat?&quot;<br /> <br /> He say: &quot;Foor kwamaroem&quot;.<br /> <br /> I say: &quot;Foor wat?&quot;<br /> <br /> He say: Foor waramoeki&quot;.<br /> <br /> I say: So-euven jij seh anders&quot;.<br /> <br /> He say: &quot;Ha-a. Muuleke woort dese. Laat maar dese woort, alsmaar ding-nja hoet&quot;.<br /> <br /> I say: &quot;Wat foor ding, dese ding. Lekker?&quot;<br /> <br /> He say: &quot;Masa lekker. Als jij denken freten door maar-door jij&quot;.<br /> <br /> ==References==<br /> ===Citations===<br /> {{reflist}}<br /> <br /> ===Bibliography===<br /> *Cress, R.(1998): Petjoh. Woorden en wetenswaardigheden uit het Indische verleden. Amsterdam, Prometheus.<br /> *Rickford, J.R. &amp; Mc Worther, J (1997): “Language contact and language generation: Pidgins and Creoles”. In: F. Coulmas (red), The handbook of sociolinguistics. Oxford, Blackwell, p.&amp;nbsp;238–256.<br /> *Riyanto, Sugeng (1996): “Het ontstaan en de structuur van het Petjoek”, In: Darmojuwono, Setiawati; Suratminto, Lilie (red): Duapuluh lima tahun studi Belanda di Indonesia/ Vijfentwintig jaar studie Nederlands in Indonesië. p.&amp;nbsp;209–218<br /> *Van Rheeden, Hadewych A. (1995): &quot;Het Petjo van Batavia – ontstaan en structuur van de taal van de Indo's&quot;, Amsterdam: Universiteit van Amsterdam, Instituut voor Algemene Taalwetenschap<br /> *{{cite conference <br /> | url = http://sealang.net/sala/archives/pdf4/amade1995functions.pdf<br /> | title = Functions of Left Dislocation in Petjoh<br /> | last1 = Amade<br /> | first1 = Elly G.<br /> | publisher = University of Colorado<br /> | date = 1995<br /> | conference = Third Annual Meeting of the Southeast Asian Linguistics Society<br /> | conference-url = http://jseals.org/seals3-contents.htm<br /> }}<br /> {{incubator|pey}}<br /> {{Languages of Indonesia}}<br /> <br /> [[Category:Dutch-based pidgins and creoles]]<br /> [[Category:Languages of Indonesia]]<br /> [[Category:Dutch language in Asia]]</div> Xbypass