Izvorni kôd stranice Haumea

{{Infokutija planeta
| minorplanet = yes
| background = #C2E0FF
| name = 136108 Haumea
| symbol = [[File:Haumea symbol (bold).svg|24px|alt=🝻|Planetary symbol for Haumea]] (mostly astrological)
| image = Haumea Hubble.png
| caption = Low-resolution [[Hubble Space Telescope]] image of Haumea and its two moons, [[Hiʻiaka (moon)|Hi'iaka]] (top) and [[Namaka (moon)|Namaka]] (bottom), June 2015
| discoverer = {{Ubl
 | [[Michael E. Brown|Brown]] et al.
 | [[José Luis Ortiz Moreno|Ortiz]] et al.
 }}
| discovered = {{Ubl
 | December 28, 2004 (Brown)
 | July 27, 2005 (Ortiz)
 }}
| earliest_precovery_date = 22. 3. 1955
| mpc_name = (136108) Haumea
| pronounced = {{IPAc-en|h|aʊ|ˈ|m|eɪ|.|ə|,_|ˌ|h|ɑː|uː|-}}{{refn|{{respell|how|MAY|ə}}, with three syllables according to the English pronunciation in Hawaii,<ref>[http://www.heraldnet.com/article/20080919/NEWS02/709199740 ''New dwarf planet named for Hawaiian goddess''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208204927/http://www.heraldnet.com/article/20080919/NEWS02/709199740 |date=8. 12. 2015 }} (HeraldNet, September 19, 2008)</ref> or {{respell|HAH|oo|MAY|ə}} with four syllables according to Brown's students.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://dps08.astro.cornell.edu/AAS_WebcastSchedule_2008.html |title=DPS08 Webstreaming |access-date=14. 2. 2009  |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090106032448/http://dps08.astro.cornell.edu/AAS_WebcastSchedule_2008.html |archive-date=6. 1. 2009 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://365daysofastronomy.org/2009/03/31/march-31st/|title=365 Days of Astronomy|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120220034436/http://365daysofastronomy.org/2009/03/31/march-31st/|archive-date=20. 2. 2012|access-date=11. 4. 2009}}</ref>|group=nb}}
| adjectives = Haumean<ref>E.g. Giovanni Vulpetti (2013) ''Fast Solar Sailing'', p. 333.</ref>
| note = yes
| alt_names = {{mp|2003 EL|61}}
| named_after = [[Haumea (mythology)|Haumea]]
| mp_category = {{Ubl
 | [[Dwarf planet]]
 | [[Trans-Neptunian object|TNO]]<ref name="K10H75" /><ref name="Buie" />
 | [[Haumea family]]
 | [[minor planet moon|trinary]]<ref name="candidate" />
 }}
| orbit_ref = <ref name="MPC-object" />
| epoch = December 17, 2020 ([[Julian day|JD]] 2459200.5)
| uncertainty = 2
| observation_arc = {{time interval|1955-03-22|2021-01-07|show=yd}} ({{time interval|1955-03-22|2021-01-07|show=d}})
| aphelion = {{cvt|51.585|AU|Tm|lk=on}}
| perihelion = {{cvt|34.647|AU|Tm}}
| time_periastron = ≈ June 1, 2133<ref name=perihelion/><br />±2 days
| semimajor = {{cvt|43.116|AU|Tm}}
| eccentricity = 0.19642
| period = 283.12 [[Julian year (astronomy)|yr]] (103,410 days)<ref name="jpldata"/>
| mean_anomaly = 218.205[[Degree (angle)|°]]
| mean_motion = {{Deg2DMS|0.00348140|sup=ms}} / day
| inclination = 28.2137°
| asc_node = 122.167°
| arg_peri = 239.041°
| avg_speed = {{val|4.53|u=km/s}}{{refn|name=orbitspeed|group=nb|Assuming a [[circular orbit]] with negligible eccentricity, the mean [[orbital speed]] can be approximated by the time {{mvar|T}} it takes to complete one revolution around its orbital [[circumference]], with the radius being its [[semi-major axis]] {{mvar|a}}: &nbsp;<math>v \approx {2 \pi a \over T}</math>.}}
| satellites = [[Moons of Haumea|2]] ([[Hiʻiaka (moon)|Hiʻiaka]] and [[Namaka (moon)|Namaka]])
| dimensions = {{Ubl
 | ≈ 2,100&thinsp;×&thinsp;1,680&thinsp;×&thinsp;1,074&thinsp;km{{refn|Best fit physical model assuming [[hydrostatic equilibrium]] for Haumea.<ref name="Dunham2019" />|name=HE|group=nb}}<ref name="Dunham2019" />
 | {{val|2322|60|fmt=commas}}&thinsp;×&thinsp;{{val|1704|8|fmt=commas}}&thinsp;×&thinsp;{{val|1026|32|fmt=commas}}&thinsp;km{{refn|Occultation-derived model based on the assumption Haumea's ring does not contribute to its total brightness.<ref name="Ortiz2017" />|group=nb}}<ref name="Ortiz2017" />
 }}
| mean_radius = {{Ubl
 | ≈&thinsp;{{val|780|u=km}}{{refn|name=HE|group=nb}}
 | {{val|798|6|u=km}} to {{val|816|u=km}}{{refn|Occultation-derived model based on the upper-limit assumption that Haumea's ring contributes 5% to its total brightness.<ref name="Ortiz2017" />|name=Ortiz|group=nb}}
 }}
| surface_area = ≈ {{val|8.14|e=6|u=km2}}{{refn|name=HE|group=nb}}<ref name="Wolfram1">{{cite web|url=https://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=ellipsoid+surface+area+semi-axis+lengths+1050+840+537|title=Ellipsoid surface area: 8.13712×10^6&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>|website=wolframalpha.com|date=20. 12. 2019|access-date=20. 12. 2019|archive-date=25. 7. 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200725052021/https://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=ellipsoid+surface+area+semi-axis+lengths+1050+840+537|url-status=live}}</ref>
| volume = ≈ {{val|1.98|e=9|u=km3}}{{refn|name=HE|group=nb}}<ref name="Wolfram2">{{cite web|url=https://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=ellipsoid+volume+semi-axis+lengths+1050+840+537|title=Ellipsoid volume: 1.98395×10^9&nbsp;km<sup>3</sup>|website=wolframalpha.com|date=20. 12. 2019|access-date=20. 12. 2019|archive-date=25. 7. 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200725054507/https://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?i=ellipsoid+volume+semi-axis+lengths+1050+840+537|url-status=live}}</ref><br />{{val|0.0018|u=[[Earth mass|Earths]]}}
| mass = {{val|4.006|0.040|e=21|u=kg}}<ref name="RagozzineBrown2009" /><br />{{val|0.00066|u=[[Earth mass|Earths]]}}
| density = {{Ubl
 | ≈ {{val|2.018|u=g|up=cm3}}{{refn|name=HE|group=nb}}
 | {{val|1.885|0.080|u=g|up=cm3}} to {{val|1.757|u=g|up=cm3}}{{refn|name=Ortiz|group=nb}}
 }}
| surface_grav = {{Gr|4.006|537|2}} m/s<sup>2</sup> at poles<br />{{nowrap|to {{Gr|4.006|1050|2}} m/s<sup>2</sup> at longest axis}}
| escape_velocity = {{V2|4.006|537|2}} km/s at poles<br />{{nowrap|to {{V2|4.006|1050|2}} km/s at longest axis}}
| sidereal_day = {{val|3.915341|0.000005|u=h}}<ref name="TNOsCool12"/><br />({{val|0.163139208|u=d}})
| axial_tilt = ≈ 126° (to orbit; assumed)<br/>81.2° or 78.9° (to [[ecliptic]]){{refn|name=pole|group=nb|Kondratyev and Kornoukhov (2018) give Haumea's north pole orientation in terms of [[equatorial coordinates]], where  {{mvar|α}}  is [[right ascension]] and  {{mvar|δ}}  is [[declination]].<ref name="Kondratyev2018"/>{{rp|page=3174}} [[Astronomical coordinate systems#Equatorial ↔ ecliptic|Transforming]] equatorial coordinates to [[ecliptic coordinates]] gives  {{mvar|λ}} ≈ 282.5° and  {{mvar|β}} ≈ 9.9° for the first solution of ({{mvar|α}}, {{mvar|δ}}) {{=}} (282.6°, –13.0°), or {{mvar|λ}} ≈ 282.6° and {{mvar|β}} ≈ 11.1° for the second solution of ({{mvar|α}}, {{mvar|δ}}) {{=}} (282.6°, –11.8°).<ref name="coordstransform"/> The [[ecliptic latitude]],  {{mvar|β}},  is the angular offset from the [[ecliptic plane]], whereas [[inclination]]  {{mvar|i}}  with respect to the ecliptic is the angular offset from the [[ecliptic north pole]] at {{nowrap| {{mvar|β}} {{=}} +90° ;}}  {{mvar|i}}  with respect to the ecliptic would be the [[Angle#Combining angle pairs|complement]] of  {{mvar|β}}, which is expressed by the difference {{nowrap| {{mvar|i}} {{=}} 90° – {{mvar|β}}}}. Thus, Haumea's axial tilt is 81.2° or 78.9° with respect to the ecliptic, for the first and second  {{mvar|β}}  values, respectively.}}
| right_asc_north_pole = {{val|282.6|1.2|u=deg}}<ref name="Kondratyev2018" />{{rp|page=3174}}
| declination = {{val|-13.0|1.3|u=deg}} or {{val|-11.8|1.2|u=deg}}<ref name="Kondratyev2018" />{{rp|page=3174}}
| spectral_type = {{Ubl
 | [[Trans-Neptunian object#Spectral type|BB]] ([[Trans-Neptunian object#Color indices|neutral]])
 | B−V {{=}} 0.64, V−R {{=}} 0.33&thinsp;<ref name="Snodgrass2009" />
 | B<sub>0</sub>−V<sub>0</sub> {{=}} 0.646&thinsp;<ref name="Rabinowitz2008" />
 }}
| magnitude = 17.3 ([[Opposition (astronomy)|opposition]])<ref name="AstDys" /><ref name="Horizons"/>
| abs_magnitude = {{val|0.428|0.011}} ([[UBV photometric system|V-band]])&thinsp;<ref name="TNOsCool12" />{{·}}{{val|0.2}}&thinsp;<ref name="jpldata" />
| albedo = {{Ubl
 | ≈&thinsp;0.66 [[geometric albedo|geometric]]{{refn|name=HE|group=nb}}
 | ≤&thinsp;{{val|0.51|0.02}} geometric<ref name="Ortiz2017" />
 | {{val|0.33|0.03}} [[Bond albedo|Bond]]<ref name="Verbiscer2022"/>
 }}
| single_temperature = <&thinsp;50&nbsp;[[kelvin|K]]<ref name="Trujillo 2006" />
}}
'''Haumea''' ([[Oznake malih planeta|oznaka male planete]] '''136108 Haumea''') je [[patuljasta planeta]] koja se nalazi [[Transneptunsko tijelo|izvan]] [[Neptun]]ove orbite.  Otkrio ga je 2004. godine tim na čelu s [[Michael E. Brown|Mikeom Brownom]] iz [[Kalifornijski tehnološki institut|Caltecha]] u [[Opservatorija Palomar|Opservatoriju Palomar]] u [[Sjedinjene Američke Države|Sjedinjenim Državama]], a sporno i 2005. godine od strane tima predvođenog [[José Luis Ortiz Moreno|Joséom Luisom Ortizom Morenom]] iz [[Opservatorija Sijera Nevade|opservatorije Sijera Nevada]] u [[Španija|Španiji]], iako je potonja tvrdnja bila osporena. Dana 17. septembra 2008. dobila je ime po [[Haumea (mitologija)|Haumei]], havajskoj boginji porođaja, uz očekivanje [[Međunarodna astronomska unija|Međunarodne astronomske unije]] (IAU) da će se pokazati kao patuljasta planeta. Nominalne procjene čine je [[Spisak objekata u Sunčevom sistemu po veličini|trećim po veličini poznatim transneptunskim objektom]], nakon [[Erida (patuljasta planeta)|Eride]] i [[Pluton]]a, iako se nesigurnost u modeliranju najboljeg uklapanja malo preklapa s većim procjenama veličine za [[Makemake]].<ref name="Ortiz2012">{{Cite journal|last=Ortiz|first=J. L.|last2=Sicardy|first2=B.|last3=Braga-Ribas|first3=F.|last4=Alvarez-Candal|first4=A.|last5=Lellouch|first5=E.|last6=Duffard|first6=R.|last7=Pinilla-Alonso|first7=N.|last8=Ivanov|first8=V. D.|last9=Littlefair|first9=S. P.|year=2012|title=Albedo and atmospheric constraints of dwarf planet Makemake from a stellar occultation|url=http://orbi.ulg.ac.be/handle/2268/142198|journal=Nature|volume=491|issue=7425|pages=566–569|bibcode=2012Natur.491..566O|doi=10.1038/nature11597|pmid=23172214}}</ref>

Haumeina masa je oko jedne trećine mase [[Pluton]]a i 1/1400 mase [[Zemlja (planeta)|Zemlje]]. Iako njegov oblik nije direktno promatran, proračuni iz njegove [[Svjetlosna kriva|svjetlosne krive]] su u skladu s tim da je to [[Jakobijev elipsoid|Jacobijev elipsoid]] (oblik bi bio da je patuljasta planeta), s njegovom glavnom [[Osa rotacije|osom]] dvostruko dužom od male. U oktobru 2017. astronomi su objavili otkriće sistema [[Prstenasti sistem|prstenova]] oko Haumee, koji predstavlja prvi sistem prstenova otkriven za [[Transneptunsko tijelo|transneptunski objekt]]. Do nedavno se smatralo da je Haumeina [[gravitacija]] dovoljna da se opusti u hidrostatičku ravnotežu, iako je to sada nejasno. Haumein izduženi oblik zajedno sa njegovom brzom [[Rotacija|rotacijom]], prstenovima i visokim [[albedo]]m (sa površine kristalnog vodenog leda), smatra se da su posljedica [[Događaj uticaja|divovskog sudara]], koji je Haumeu ostavio najvećim članom [[Koliziona porodica|kolizione porodice]] koja uključuje nekoliko velikih [[Transneptunsko tijelo|transneptunskih objekata]] i dva poznata Haumeina mjeseca, [[Mjeseci Haumee|Hiʻiaka i Namaka]].
[[Datoteka:Quaoar_Haumea_Makemake_orbits_2018.png|lijevo|mini|410x410piksel| Haumeina orbita izvan Neptuna je slična [[Makemake]]ovoj. Pozicije su od 01.01.2018.]]

[[Datoteka:Haumea_rotation_with_ring.gif|mini|Haumeina rotacija od 3,9155 sati unutar otkrivenog prstena]]

== Bilješke ==

== Reference ==
{{Refspisak}}

{{Sunčev sistem tabela}}
{{Patuljasta planeta}}

[[Kategorija:Patuljaste planete]]
[[Kategorija:Astronomski objekti otkriveni 2004.]]