View source for Adam Hayes

{{Essay-like|date=September 2022}}
[[File:John Cleveley the Elder, The Royal George at Deptford Showing the Launch of The Cambridge (1757).jpg|thumb|350px|the launch of {{HMS|Cambridge|1755|6}} (left) at Deptford Dockyard in 1755]]
[[File:Enterprise.jpg|thumb|350px|Model of HMS ''Enterprise'' by Hayes]]
[[File:Egmont 74-gun ship model.jpg|thumb|350px|Model of HMS ''Egremont'' at National Maritime Museum by Hayes]]
'''Adam Hayes''' (1710&ndash;1785) was an 18th-century shipbuilder to the [[Royal Navy]]. A great number of his models survive.

He was responsible for the selection of the ship the ''Earl of Pembroke'' and was the wright who converted it into {{HMS|Endeavour}} in 1768 for use by Captain Cook.

==Life==

He was born in the parish of [[St Botolph's, Aldgate]] in east London the eldest son of Adam Hayes and his wife, Sarah Urmstone. His father was possibly a carpenter. He joined the [[Royal Navy]] as a boy, around 1722, and became ship's carpenter.

In 1740 he was part of the crew on {{HMS|Centurion|1732|6}} under [[George Anson, 1st Baron Anson|Captain George Anson]] as flagship of a part of a special fleet heading first to [[South America]] then around [[Cape Horn]] in March 1741 and into the Pacific. The overall objective was then to attack the Spanish colony at [[Manila]] in the [[Philippines]] on the far side of the ocean. The Spanish got wind of this and sent their own fleet to intercept. As part of the actions the ''Centurion'' captured and plundered the Spanish galleon ''Nuestra Senora de Covadonga'' in 1743.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bada.org/object/presentation-silver-master-shipwright-captain-cooks-endeavour|title=Presentation silver to the Master Shipwright of Captain Cook's Endeavour|website=BADA}}</ref> By tradition, the crew all shared part of the treasure gained. They returned to England in June 1744. Hayes transferred to work on {{HMS|Kent}}: it is unclear if this was to break the [[HMS Kent (1679)|old HMS ''Kent'']] at Chatham (the ship was over 60 years old) or to build the [[HMS Kent (1746)|new HMS ''Kent'']] at [[Deptford]], but it appears to have been a dock-based employment either way. The latter is more likely, and appears to have led both to recognition of his skills and permanent shore-based employment. He was therefore in Deptford 1744 to 1746 – until the launch of HMS ''Kent''.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://www.captaincooksociety.com/home/detail/adam-hayes-1710-1785|title=Adam Hayes (1710-1785)|website=The Captain Cook Society (CCS)}}</ref>

The process of shipbuilding in those days (and still) involves first making a scale model of the ship, and this would be part of the master shipwright's duties: a great number of Hayes' models survive.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rmg.co.uk/collections/our-collection-worlds-largest-ship-model-collection|title=Our collection: The world's largest ship model collection|website=www.rmg.co.uk}}</ref>

From 1746 to 1748 he was assistant master shipwright at [[Gibraltar]] Docks and in 1748 returned to England as master mastmaker at [[Chatham Dockyard]] from April 1748 to May 1749.<ref name="auto"/> From May 1749 to November 1750 he was assistant master shipwright at [[Plymouth Dockyard]]. He was then at [[Woolwich Dockyard]] for 8 months before being promoted to master shipwright at [[Sheerness Dockyard]], where he spent 11 months before returning the Woolwich as master shipwright in June 1752, from which point the Royal Navy lists his projects.<ref name="auto1">{{cite web | url=https://threedecks.org/index.php?display_type=show_crewman&id=23463 | title=Adam Hayes (D.1785) }}</ref>

From March 1753 to August 1755 he was master shipwright at Chatham before moving permanently to a settled position at [[Deptford]]. In Deptford, over the next 30 years, he produced a very large number of ships, including a dozen [[ship of the line|ships of the line]].<ref name="auto1"/>

He died in Deptford on 20 December 1785. He is buried in St Mary's Church in Deptford.<ref>Grave of Adam Hayes, St Marys Deptford</ref>

==Captain Cook connection==

In 1768 it was Hayes who was chosen by the Admiralty and [[Royal Society]] to select a vessel suitable for exploration of the southern hemisphere and to convert said ship (before Cook was chosen as captain). For various reasons it was not possible to select an existing Royal Navy vessel nor to commission on that basis.<ref name="auto"/>

Hayes selected the ''Earl of Pembroke'', privately owned and moored at [[Shadwell]]. She had been built at [[Whitby]] in 1764. Hayes oversaw the refitting at Deptford and relaunched the ship under the name {{HMS|Endeavour}}. The refit took only around three months. She was delivered to him on 5 April and relaunched on 21 July 1768. As the ship was designed originally to carry coal, a large amount of ballast had to be added to get the ship to handle as intended.<ref>Guardian (newspaper) 25 August 2018</ref>

She was registered as a Royal Navy ship as a "bark" ([[barque]]) of 368 tons under the name {{HMS|Endeavour}}. The choice of name appears to derive from the [[Middlesex election affair]] of 1768, where [[John Wilkes]] repeatedly used the term "endeavour".<ref>Endeavour by Peter Moore</ref>

==Ships built==

*{{HMS|Ranger|1752}} an 8-gun sloop at Woolwich 
*{{HMS|Wolf|1754}} an 8-gun sloop at Chatham
*{{HMS|Cambridge|1755}} an 80-gun [[ship of the line]]
*{{HMS|Deal Castle|1756}} 20-gun
*{{HMS|Bideford|1756}} 20-gun
*{{HMS|Preston|1757}} 50-gun ship of the line
*{{HMS|Dublin|1757}} 74-gun ship of the line
*{{HMS|Shannon|1757}} 28-gun frigate
*{{HMS|Norfolk|1757}} 74-gun ship of the line
*{{HMS|Sapphire|1758}} 32-gun frigate
*{{HMS|Hercules|1759}} 74-gun ship of the line
*{{HMS|Dragon|1760}} 74-gun ship of the line
*{{HMS|Superb|1760}} 74-gun ship of the line
*{{HMS|Kent|1762}} 74-gun ship of the line
*{{HMS|Albion|1763}} 74-gun ship of the line
*{{HMS|Lurcher|1763}} 6-gun cutter
*{{HMS|Kite|1764}} 4-gun cutter
*{{HMS|Monarch|1765}} 74-gun ship of the line
*{{HMS|Magnificent|1766}} 74-gun ship of the line
*{{HMS|Marlborough|1767}} 74-gun ship of the line
*{{HMS|Otter|1767}} 14-gun sloop
*{{HMS|Egmont|1768}} 74-gun ship of the line
*{{HMS|Swallow|1769}} 14-gun sloop
*Royal Navy launch ''Close'' (1770)
*{{HMS|Resolution|1770}} 74-gun ship of the line
*{{HMS|Grafton|1771}} 74-gun ship of the line
*Armed Yacht ''Princess Augusta'' (1773) 6-gun
*Longboat ''Storehouse'' (1774)
*{{HMS|Cumberland|1774}} 74-gun ship of the line
*{{HMS|Enterprise|1774}} 28-gun frigate
*{{HMS|Galatea|1776}} 20-gun ship
*{{HMS|Culloden|1776}} 74-gun ship of the line
*{{HMS|America|1777}} 64-gun ship of the line
*{{HMS|Alexander|1778}} 74-gun ship of the line
*{{HMS|Pegasus|1779}} 28-gun frigate
*{{HMS|Alcide|1779}} 74-gun ship of the line
*{{HMS|Myrmidon|1779}} 22-gun post ship
*{{HMS|Flora|1780}} 36-gun frigate
*{{HMS|Magnanime|1780}} 64-gun ship of the line
*{{HMS|Myrmidon|1781}} 22-gun post ship
*{{HMS|Goliath|1781}} 74-gun ship of the line
*{{HMS|Standard|1782}} 64-gun ship of the line

==Family==

He was married to Elizabeth Hayes (1714–1758). They had no children. Hayes was great uncle to Rear Admiral Sir John Hayes.

==References==
 
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Hayes, Adam}}
[[Category:1710 births]]
[[Category:1785 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Deptford]]
[[Category:English shipbuilders]]