View source for HMS Verulam (R28)

{{short description|V-class destroyer converted to Type 15 frigate of the Royal Navy}}
{{other ships|HMS Verulam}}
{{Use British English|date=August 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2021}}
{|{{Infobox ship begin}}
{{Infobox ship image
| Ship image               = HMS Verulam 1943 IWM FL 5479.jpg
| Ship caption             = ''Verulam'' anchored in the [[River Clyde|Clyde]], December 1943
}}
{{Infobox ship career
| Hide header              = 
| Ship country             = United Kingdom
| Ship flag                = {{shipboxflag|United Kingdom|naval}}
| Ship name                = HMS ''Verulam''
| Ship owner               = 
| Ship namesake            = 
| Ship ordered             = 1 September 1941
| Ship builder             = [[Swan Hunter]]
| Ship yard number         = 
| Ship laid down           = 26 June 1942
| Ship launched            = 22 April 1943
| Ship acquired            = 
| Ship commissioned        = 12 December 1943
| Ship decommissioned      = 1970
| Ship in service          = 
| Ship out of service      = 
| Ship struck              = 
| Ship reinstated          = 
| Ship honours             =*Arctic 1944
*Normandy 1944
*Norway 1944
*Malaya 1945
*Burma 1945
| Ship motto               = 
|Ship identification=[[Pennant number]] R28/F29
| Ship fate                = Scrapped 23 September 1972
| Ship notes               = 
}}
{{Infobox ship characteristics
| Hide header              = 
|Header caption=V-class destroyer
|Ship class=[[U and V-class destroyer|V-class]] [[destroyer]]
|Ship displacement=*{{convert|1808|LT|t|0}} standard
|Ship length={{convert|362|ft|9|in|m|abbr=on}}
|Ship beam={{convert|35|ft|8|in|m|abbr=on}}
|Ship height= 
|Ship draught={{convert|10|ft|m|abbr=on}} mean
|Ship depth=
|Ship propulsion=*2 × Admiralty 3-drum [[water-tube boiler]]s
*Geared steam turbines, {{convert|40000|shp|abbr=on}}
*2 shafts
|Ship speed={{convert|36|kn|mph km/h|lk=in}}
|Ship range={{convert|4675|nmi|km|abbr=on|lk=in}} at {{convert|20|kn|km/h|abbr=on}}
|Ship complement= 179
|Ship sensors=
|Ship EW=
|Ship armament=*''Original configuration'' :
*4 × [[QF 4.7-inch Mk IX & XII naval gun|QF 4.7-inch (120-mm) Mk IX guns]] in single mountings [[British ordnance terms#CP|CP]] Mk.XXII
*2 × [[Bofors 40 mm Automatic Gun L/60|QF 40 mm Bofors]] guns in twin mount Mk.IV
*8 × [[Oerlikon 20 mm cannon|QF 20 mm Oerlikon]] guns; 4 × twin mounts
*2 × quadruple tubes for [[British 21-inch torpedo|{{convert|21|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} torpedo Mk.IX]]
|Ship armour=
|Ship aircraft=
|Ship aircraft facilities=
|Ship notes=
}}
{{Infobox ship characteristics
|Header caption=Type 15 frigate
|Ship class=[[Type 15 frigate]]
|Ship type=
|Ship tonnage=
|Ship displacement={{convert|2300|LT|t|0}} standard
|Ship length={{convert|358|ft|m|abbr=on}} [[Length overall|o/a]]
|Ship beam={{convert|37|ft|9|in|m|abbr=on}}
|Ship height=
|Ship draught={{convert|14|ft|6|in|m|abbr=on}}
|Ship depth=
|Ship hold depth=
|Ship decks=
|Ship deck clearance=
|Ship ramps=
|Ship ice class=
|Ship power=
|Ship propulsion=*2 × Admiralty 3-drum boilers,
*[[steam turbine]]s on 2 shafts,
*40,000&nbsp;shp
|Ship sail plan=
|Ship speed={{convert|31|kn|mph km/h|lk=in}} (full load)
|Ship range=
|Ship endurance=
|Ship test depth=
|Ship boats=
|Ship capacity=
|Ship troops=
|Ship complement=174
|Ship crew=
|Ship time to activate=
|Ship sensors=*Radar
* [[Type 293 radar|Type 293Q]] target indication (later Type 993)
* [[Type 277 radar|Type 277Q]] surface search
* Type 974 navigation
* [[List of World War II British naval radar#Type 262|Type 262]] fire control on director ''CRBF''
* Type 1010 Cossor Mark 10 IFF
*Sonar:
* Type 174 search
* Type 162 target classification
* Type 170 attack
|Ship EW=
|Ship armament=*1 × twin 4&nbsp;in gun Mark 19
*1 × twin [[Bofors 40 mm Automatic Gun L/60|40mm&nbsp;Bofors]] Mk.5;
*2 × [[Squid (weapon)|Squid A/S mortar]] or;
*2 × [[Limbo (weapon)|Limbo Mark 10 A/S mortar]]
|Ship armour=
|Ship aircraft=
|Ship aircraft facilities=
|Ship notes=
}}
|}
'''HMS ''Verulam''''' was a [[U and V-class destroyer|V-class]] [[destroyer]] of the [[United Kingdom|British]] [[Royal Navy]] that saw service during the [[World War II|Second World War]].

==Design and construction==
''Verulam'' was one of eight [[U and V-class destroyer|V-class]] destroyers ordered under the 1941 War Construction Programme as the 8th Emergency Flotilla on 1 September 1941.<ref name="friedp90-1,328">{{Harvnb|Friedman|2008|pp=90–91, 328}}</ref> The V-class were [[War Emergency Programme destroyers]], intended for general duties, including use as anti-submarine escort, and were to be suitable for mass-production. They were based on the hull and machinery of the pre-war [[J-, K- and N-class destroyer|J-class]] destroyers, but with a lighter armament (effectively whatever armament was available) in order to speed production.<ref name="friedp53-5,86-7">{{Harvnb|Friedman|2008|pp=53–55, 86–87}}</ref><ref name="whitp124-7">{{Harvnb|Whitley|2000|pp=124–127}}</ref> The V-class were repeats of the previous [[U and V-class destroyer|V-class]], which in turn were almost identical to the [[S and T-class destroyer|S and T-class]] ordered earlier in the year.<ref name="whitp129,1-3">{{harvnb|Whitley|2000|pp=129, 131–133}}</ref><ref name="engp81">{{harvnb|English|2008|p=81}}</ref> Unlike the U-class, the V-class were fitted for operations in [[Arctic]] waters.<ref name="whitp133">{{Harvnb|Whitley|2000|p=133}}</ref>

The V-class were {{convert|362|ft|9|in|m}} [[length overall|long overall]], {{convert|348|ft|0|in|m}} [[waterline length|at the waterline]] and {{convert|339|ft|6|in|m}} [[length between perpendiculars|between perpendiculars]], with a [[Beam (nautical)|beam]] of {{convert|35|ft|8|in|m}} and a [[Draft (ship)|draught]] of {{convert|10|ft|0|in|m}} mean and {{convert|14|ft|3|in|m}} full load.<ref name="whitp1323">{{harvnb|Whitley|2000|pp=132–133}}</ref><ref name="lenv2p31">{{Harvnb|Lenton|1970|p=31}}</ref> [[Displacement (ship)|Displacement]] was {{convert|1808|LT|t}} standard and {{convert|2530|LT|t}} full load.<ref name="lenv2p31"/> Two [[Three-drum boiler#Admiralty boiler|Admiralty 3-drum water-tube boilers]] supplied steam at {{convert|300|psi|kPa}} and {{convert|630|F|C}} to two sets of [[Parsons Marine Steam Turbine Company|Parsons]] single-reduction geared [[steam turbine]]s, which drove two propeller shafts. The machinery was rated at {{convert|40000|shp|kW}} giving a maximum speed of {{convert|36|kn|mph km/h}} and {{convert|32|kn|mph km/h}} at full load. 615 tons of oil were carried, giving a range of {{convert|4675|nmi|mi km}} at {{convert|20|kn|mph km/h}}.<ref name="lenv2p31"/> The ship had a crew of 179 officers and other ranks.<ref name="lenv2p31"/>

The ship had a main gun armament of four [[QF 4.7-inch Mk IX & XII naval gun|4.7 inch (120 mm) QF Mk. IX]] guns, capable of elevating to an angle of 55 degrees, giving a degree of anti-aircraft capability.<ref name="conways22 p42-3">{{Harvnb|Gardiner|Chesneau|1980|pp=42–43}}</ref><ref name="fried p94-5">{{Harvnb|Friedman|2008|pp=94–95}}</ref> The designed close-in anti-aircraft armament for the class, as fitted to ''Verulam'' on completion, was one Hazemayer stabilised twin mount for the [[Bofors 40 mm Automatic Gun L/60|Bofors 40 mm gun]] and four twin [[Oerlikon 20 mm cannon]]s,<ref name="lenv2p31"/><ref name="friedp98-9">{{Harvnb|Friedman|2008|pp=98–99}}</ref><ref name="rrp47">{{harvnb|Raven|Roberts|1976|p=47}}</ref> In 1945, ''Verulam'' had two twin Oerlikon mounts abreast the ship's funnel replaced by single 40 mm Bofors mounts, with two more Bofors guns fitted abreast the [[main mast]].<ref name="rrp48">{{harvnb|Raven|Roberts|1976|p=48}}</ref> Two quadruple mounts for [[British 21-inch torpedo|21 inch (533 mm) torpedoes]] were fitted, while the ship had an depth charge outfit of four depth charge mortars and two racks, with a total of 70 charges carried.<ref name="lenv2p31"/> ''Verulam'' was fitted with a Type 276 surface warning [[radar]] and a [[high-frequency direction finding]] (HF/DF) aerial on the ship's lattice [[foremast]], together with Type 291 air warning radar on a short pole mast aft. A Type 285 fire control radar was integrated with the ship's high-angle gun director, while the Hazemayer mount had an integrated Type 282 radar.<ref name="lenv2p31"/>

''Verulam'' was [[keel laying|laid down]] at [[Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Company|Fairfield]]'s [[Govan]], [[Glasgow]] shipyard on 26 January 1942 and was [[Ceremonial ship launching|launched]] on 22 April 1943.<ref name="friedp328">{{Harvnb|Friedman|2008|p=328}}</ref><ref name="Engp207">{{harvnb|English|2008|p=207}}</ref> She was commissioned on 26 November 1943,<ref name="Engp91">{{harvnb|English|2008|p=91}}</ref> and assigned the [[Pennant number]] R28. ''Verulam'' was completed on 10 December 1943.<ref name="friedp328"/><ref name="Engp207">{{harvnb|English|2008|p=207}}</ref> She was the second ship of that name,<ref name="collp3712">{{harvnb|Colledge|Warlow|2006|pp=371–372}}</ref> based on the [[Roman Britain|Roman]] name for [[St Albans]] (Verulamium).<ref>{{harvnb|Manning|Walker|1959|p=469}}</ref>

==Service history==

===Second World War service===

HMS ''Verulam'' began her service in January 1944 by joining the [[26th Destroyer Flotilla]], part of the [[Home Fleet]].<ref name="Engp91"/> On 6 February 1944, ''Verulam'', together with the destroyers {{HMS|Obedient|G48|2}} and {{HMS| Swift|G46|2}}, reinforced the escort of the Britain-bound [[Arctic convoy]] RA 56, leaving the convoy on 9 February.<ref>{{harvnb|Rohwer|Hümmelchen|1992|p=256}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ruegg|Hague|1993|pp=60–61}}</ref> The same month HMS ''Verulam'' was part of the escort group attached to convoy [[Convoy JW 57|JW 57]] along with the light cruiser {{HMS|Black Prince|81|2}} and the escort carrier, {{HMS|Chaser|D32|2}}. On 28 February the convoy reached the [[Kola Inlet]] with the loss of one destroyer, {{HMS|Mahratta||2}}, with the destruction of two U-boats claimed ({{GS|U-713||2}} and {{GS|U-601||2}}).<ref>{{harvnb|Ruegg|Hague|1993|pp=61–62}}</ref> ''Verulam'' formed part of the return convoy RA 57, with one merchant ship being sunk with the escort accounting for three U-boats. ''Verulam'' left the convoy on 7 March 1944, with the convoy reaching [[Loch Ewe]] on 10 March.<ref>{{harvnb|Ruegg|Hague|1993|p=62}}</ref>

In April 1944, ''Verulam'' formed part of the Home Fleet cover force for [[Convoy JW 58|JW 58]] and [[Operation Tungsten]].<ref>{{harvnb|Rohwer|Hümmelchen|1992|pp=267–268}}</ref> There were a large number of Allied merchant ships in Russian arctic harbour waiting to return to Britain, so ''Verulam'' was part of a strong force of warships that arrived at the Kola Inlet on 23 April, with orders to escort the merchant ships back to Britain and carry a large number of personnel, (including the US Navy crew of the cruiser {{USS|Milwaukee|CL-5|2}}, which had been loaned to the Soviet Navy, and Soviet crews for ships waiting in British harbours) with them. On 28 April, ''Verulam'' embarked seventeen US navy personnel, and joined convoy RA 59. The convoy came under attack by German submarines, with one merchant ship sunk while three U-boats were sunk by aircraft operating from the carrier {{HMS|Fencer|D64|2}}. ''Verulam'' left the convoy on 3 May.<ref>{{harvnb|Rohwer|Hümmelchen|1992|pp=272–273}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ruegg|Hague|1993|pp=64–65}}</ref>

During May 1944, ''Verulam'' was detached from the Home Fleet to participate in preparations for [[Operation Neptune]].<ref name="Engp91"/> ''Verulam'' was assigned to Force 'S' of the Eastern Task Force, for the landings at [[Sword Beach]].<ref>{{harvnb|''Battle Summary - No. 39'' Volume I 1947|p=102}}</ref> On 5–6 June, ''Verulam'', together with the destroyers {{HMS|Virago|R75|2}}, {{HMS|Kelvin|F37|2}} and {{HMS|Eglinton|L87|2}} escorted Convoy S7, consisting of the headquarters ship {{HMS|Largs||2}}, five [[Landing ship, infantry]] and one [[Landing Craft Infantry]] from [[Spithead]] to the disembarkation point.<ref name="ddayp109">{{harvnb|Winser|1994|p=109}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|''Battle Summary - No. 39'' Volume II 1947|p=98}}</ref> She then bombarded beach defences around [[Lion-sur-Mer]] in company of ''Virago'' and {{HMS|Serapis|G94|2}},<ref>{{harvnb|''Battle Summary - No. 39'' Volume II 1947|p=93}}</ref> and escorted the battleship {{HMS|Ramillies|07|2}}.<ref name="ddayp109"/> She continued to carry out shore bombardments and patrols to prevent German interference with the invasion until released on 27 June.<ref name="navhist">{{cite web|last=Mason |first=Geoffrey B. |title=HMS Verulam (R28) - V-class Destroyer including Convoy Escort Movements |work=Service Histories of Royal Navy Warships in World War 2 |publisher=naval-history.net |date=11 August 2011 |url=http://www.naval-history.net/xGM-Chrono-10DD-61V-Verulam.htm |access-date=28 August 2022}}</ref>

On 10 August 1944, ''Verulam'' was part of the escort for the carriers {{HMS|Indefatigable|R10|2}}, {{HMS|Trumpeter|D09|2}} and {{HMS|Nabob|D77|2}} as the carriers' aircraft struck at a German airbase at Gossen, near [[Kristiansund]], Norway.<ref name="Engp91"/><ref>{{harvnb|Rohwer|Hümmelchen|1992|p=297}}</ref> In September 1944, ''Verulam'' formed part of the covering force for the Russia bound Arctic Convoy JW 60 and the return convoy RA 60.<ref>{{harvnb|Rohwer|Hümmelchen|1992|p=304}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Ruegg|Hague|1993|pp=66–67}}</ref> From August 1944, the Royal Navy began an offensive against German shipping passing through Norwegian coastal waters.<ref>{{harvnb|Roskill|1961|pp=162–163}}</ref><ref name="rohp299">{{harvnb|Rohwer|Hümmelchen|1992|p=299}}</ref> On 21 October, as part of this offensive, ''Verulam'' was part of the escort for the carrier {{HMS|Implacable|R86|2}} and the cruiser {{HMS|Bellona|63|2}} as ''Implacable''{{'}}s aircraft attacked [[Bardufoss Air Station|Bardufoss airfield]] and shipping.<ref name="Engp91"/><ref name="rohp299"/> From 26 to 28 October, ''Verulam'' again escorted ''Implacable'' as the carrier's aircraft attacked shipping off [[Bodø (town)|Bodø]], [[Rørvik]], [[Lødingen (village)|Lødingen]] and [[Kristiansund (town)|Kristiansund]].<ref name="Engp91"/><ref>{{harvnb|Rohwer|Hümmelchen|1992|p=313}}</ref> On the night of 12/13 November, ''Verulam'' formed part of a task force led by the cruisers {{HMS|Kent|54|2}} and ''Bellona'', together with the destroyers {{HMS|Myngs|R06|2}}, {{HMS|Zambesi|R66|2}} and {{HMCS|Algonquin|R17|2}} in Operation Counterblast, as they attacked a German convoy between Listerfjord and [[Egersund]].<ref name="Engp91"/><ref name="rohp314">{{harvnb|Rohwer|Hümmelchen|1992|p=314}}</ref> The British force overwhelmed the convoy's escort, sinking the freighters {{SS|Greif|1923|2}} and {{SS|Cornouaille||2}}, together with the [[minesweeper]]s {{ship|German minesweeper|M-416||2}} and {{ship|German minesweeper|M-427||2}} and the [[submarine chaser]]s {{ship|German trawler|UJ 1221||2}}, {{ship|German trawler|UJ 1223||2}} and {{ship|German trawler|UJ 1713||2}}, while the freighter ''Palermo'' and the minesweeper {{ship|German minesweeper|M-446||2}} were damaged.<ref name="rohp314"/><ref name="ohara">{{harvnb|O'Hara|2011|loc=Convoy Attack of Listerfjord, Norway, 12–13 November 1944}}</ref> ''Verulam'' was hit 22 times by German 37mm and 20mm shells, killing two and wounding five of her crew, although the ship's fighting efficiency was unaffected.<ref name="ohara"/><ref>{{harvnb|''H.M. Ships Damaged or Sunk by Enemy Action''|1952|p=265}}</ref>

''Verulam'' was then repaired and refitted at the [[Port of Immingham]], this refit continuing until 7 February 1945.<ref name="Engp91"/> After a work-up period at [[Scapa Flow]], ''Verulam'' was sent to join the [[East Indies Fleet]], arriving at [[Trincomalee]] and rejoining the rest of the 26th Flotilla on 4 April 1945.<ref name="Engp91"/> From 8 April, ''Verulam'' took part in [[Operation Sunfish]], a sweep by the battleship {{HMS|Queen Elizabeth|1913|2}}, the {{ship|French battleship|Richelieu}} and the cruisers {{HMS|London|69|2}} and {{HMS|Cumberland|57|2}}, together with the escort carriers {{HMS|Emperor|D98|2}} and {{HMS|Khedive|D62|2}} and fie destroyers, along the coast of Sumatra, with [[Sabang, Aceh|Sabang]] shelled on 11 April, and attacks by the carrier's aircraft against [[Port Blair]], [[Emmahaven]] and [[Padang]] on 11 and 16 April.<ref name="Engp91"/><ref>{{harvnb|Rohwer|Hümmelchen|1992|p=314}}</ref> ''Verulam'' participated in the [[Battle of the Malacca Strait]] with the destroyers {{HMS|Saumarez|G12|2}}, {{HMS|Venus|R50|2}}, {{HMS|Vigilant|R93|2}}, and {{HMS|Virago|R75|2}}, which culminated in the sinking of the {{ship|Japanese cruiser|Haguro}} on 16 May 1945.

===Postwar service===
In 1946 ''Verulam'' was part of the Londonderry Flotilla. Between February 1947 and March 1949 she was part of the [[3rd Destroyer Flotilla]], based in the Mediterranean.<ref name="critv3p72">{{harvnb|Critchley|1982|p=72}}</ref> During that time she saw service, along with other Royal Navy ships in preventing illegal immigration into Palestine in 1947.<ref>{{harvnb|Stewart |2002 |p=140}}</ref>

Between 1951 and 1952 she was converted into a [[Type 15 frigate|Type 15]] fast [[anti-submarine warfare|anti-submarine]] [[frigate]] at Portsmouth Dockyard, and was allocated the new [[pennant number]] '''F29'''. In 1953 she took part in the [[Fleet Review]] to celebrate the Coronation of [[Queen Elizabeth II]].<ref>Souvenir Programme, ''Coronation Review of the Fleet, Spithead, 15th June 1953'', HMSO, Gale and Polden</ref> In 1954 ''Verulam'' was placed in the Portsmouth Reserve.

Between 1958 and 1961 ''Verulam'' was the [[Admiralty Research Establishment|Admiralty Surface Weapons Establishment]] (ASWE) trials ship,<ref name="critv3p72"/> being used for development of the Type 2001 sonar used by the Royal Navy's early nuclear submarines.<ref name="Engp92">{{harvnb|English|2008|p=92}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|''Scientific and Technical Progress Report'' June 1963|pp=1–3}}</ref> In 1961 she was transferred to the [[2nd Frigate Squadron]] based at [[Portland Harbour|Portland]], operating as trials ship for the [[Admiralty Underwater Weapons Establishment, Portland|Underwater Weapons Development establishment]] (AUWE).<ref name="Engp92"/>

===Decommissioning and disposal===
''Verulam'' was paid off on 21 December 1970 and sold for scrap to [[John Cashmore Ltd]] and arrived at their yard at Newport, Wales for breaking on 23 October 1972.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Bibliography==
* {{cite book |title=Battle Summary - No. 39: Operation "Neptune" Landings in Normandy June 1944: Volume I |url=https://www.navy.gov.au/media-room/publications/wwii-naval-staff-histories |year=1947 |publisher=Tactical and Staff Duties Division, Admiralty |at=[http://www.navy.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/Battle_Summary_39_Vol_1_Part1.pdf Part I: Preparation], [http://www.navy.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/Battle_Summary_39_Vol_1_Part2.pdf Part II: Execution] |access-date=28 August 2022 |ref={{harvid|''Battle Summary - No. 39'' Volume I 1947}}}}
* {{cite book |title=Battle Summary - No. 39: Operation "Neptune" Landings in Normandy June 1944: Volume II: Appendices |url=https://www.navy.gov.au/media-room/publications/wwii-naval-staff-histories |year=1947 |publisher=Tactical and Staff Duties Division, Admiralty |at=[http://www.navy.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/Battle_Summary_39_Vol_2_Part1.pdf part 1 of 2: Appendix A to G], [https://www.navy.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/Battle_Summary_39_Vol_2_Part2.pdf part 2 of 2: Appendix H to Q] |access-date=28 August 2022 |ref={{harvid|''Battle Summary - No. 39'' Volume II 1947}}}}
* {{Cite Colledge2006}}
* {{cite book|last=Critchley |first=Mike |title=British Warships Since 1945: Part 3: Destroyers |publisher=Maritime Books |place=Liskeard, UK |date=1982 |isbn=0-9506323-9-2}}
* {{cite book |last=English |first=John |title=Obdurate to Daring: British Fleet Destroyers 1941–45 |publisher=World Ship Society |location=Windsor, UK |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-9560769-0-8}}
* {{cite book |last=Friedman |first=Norman |title=British Destroyers & Frigates: The Second World War and After |year=2008|publisher=Seaforth Publishing |location=Barnsley, UK |isbn=978-1-84832-015-4}}
* {{cite book |editor-last1=Gardiner |editor-first1=Robert |editor-last2=Chesneau |editor-first2=Roger |title=Conway's All The World's Fighting Ships 1922–1946 |year=1980 |publisher=Conway Maritime Press |location=London |isbn=0-85177-146-7}}
* {{cite book |last=O'Hara |first=Vincent |title=The German Fleet at War, 1939–1945 |year=2011 |location=Annapolis, Maryland, US |publisher=Naval Institute Press |isbn=978-1-61251-397-3}}
* {{cite book|title=H.M. Ships Damaged or Sunk by Enemy Action: 3rd. SEPT. 1939 to 2nd. SEPT. 1945|year=1952|publisher=Admiralty|url=https://www.navy.gov.au/media-room/publications/hm-ships-damaged-or-sunk-enemy-action-wwii|ref={{harvid|''H.M. Ships Damaged or Sunk by Enemy Action''|1952}}|access-date=30 August 2022}}
* {{cite book |last=Lenton |first=H. T. |title=Navies of the Second World War: British Fleet & Escort Destroyers Volume Two |year=1970 |publisher=Macdonald & Co. |location=London |isbn=0-356-03122-5}}
* {{cite book |last1=Manning |first1=T. D. |last2=Walker |first2=C. F. |title=British Warship Names |year=1959 |location=London |publisher=Putnam}}
* {{cite book |last=Raven |first=Alan |last2=Roberts |first2=John |title=War Built Destroyers O to Z Classes |publisher=Bivouac Books |location=London |year=1976 |isbn=0-85680-010-4}}
* {{cite book |last1=Rohwer |first1=Jürgen |author-link1=Jürgen Rohwer |last2=Hümmelchen |first2=Gerhard |title=Chronology of the War at Sea 1939–1945 |year=1992 |publisher=Greenhill Books |location=London |isbn=1-85367-117-7}}
* {{cite book |last=Roskill |first= S. W. |author-link=Stephen Roskill |title=The War At Sea 1939–1945: Volume III: The Offensive: Part II |series=History of the Second World War: United Kingdom Military Series |year=1961 |location=London |publisher=Her Majesty's Stationery Office}}
* {{cite book |last1=Ruegg |first1=Bob |last2=Hague |first2=Arnold |title=Convoys to Russia 1941–1945 |year=1993 |location=Kendal, UK |publisher=World Ship Society |isbn=0-905617-66-5}}
* {{cite journal |title=Section 1 - Sonar Equipment: 1.1 - Submarine Sets: Active/Passive Sonar Type 2001 for H.M.S Dreadnought and H.M.S. Valiant |journal=Scientific and Technical Progress Report |date=June 1963 |publisher=Admiralty Underwater Weapons Establishment |pages=1–5 |url=https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/AD0340078.pdf |access-date=27 August 2022 |ref={{harvid|''Scientific and Technical Progress Report'' June 1963}} }}
* {{cite book|last=Stewart |first=Ninian |title=The Royal Navy and the Palestine Patrol |publisher=Routledge |date=2002 |isbn=0-714-65210-5}}
* {{cite book|last=Whitley|first=M. J.|title=Destroyers of World War 2|publisher=Naval Institute Press|year=1988|isbn=0-87021-326-1|location=Annapolis, Maryland}}
* {{cite book |last=Whitley |first=M. J. |title=Destroyers of World War 2: An International Encyclopedia |year=2000 |publisher=Cassell & Co. |location=London |isbn=1-85409-521-8}}
* {{cite book |last=Winser |first=John de S. |title=The D-Day Ships: Neptune: the Greatest Amphibious Operation in History |year=1994 |location=Kendal, UK |publisher=World Ship Society |isbn=0-905617-75-4}}
* {{cite book |last=Winser |first=John de S. |title=British Invasion Fleets: The Mediterranean and beyond 1942–1945 |year=2002 |location=Gravesend, UK |publisher=World Ship Society|isbn=0-9543310-0-1}}

==External links==
* [http://www.naval-history.net/xGM-Chrono-10DD-61V-Verulam.htm Naval-History.net HMS ''Verulam'']

{{U and V class destroyers}}
{{Type 15 frigate}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Verulam (R28)}}
[[Category:U and V-class destroyers of the Royal Navy]]
[[Category:Ships built on the River Tyne]]
[[Category:1942 ships]]
[[Category:World War II destroyers of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Cold War destroyers of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Type 15 frigates]]
[[Category:Cold War frigates of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Ships built by Swan Hunter]]