View source for Kawasaki Ha40

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{|{{Infobox Aircraft Begin
 |name= Ha40
 |image= Daimler-Benz-DB 601A.jpg
 |caption= Preserved Daimler-Benz DB 601.
}}
{{Infobox Aircraft Engine
 |type= [[Piston]] [[V12 engine|V12]] [[aircraft engine]]
 |national origin = [[Japan]]
 |manufacturer= [[Kawasaki Heavy Industries|Kawasaki]]
 |first run= 1930s
 |major applications= [[Kawasaki Ki-61]]
 |number built =  
 |program cost = 
 |unit cost = 
 |developed from = [[Daimler-Benz DB 601]]
 |developed into =
 |variants with their own articles = 
}}
|}
[[File:Daimler-Benz-DB 601A Schnitt.jpg|thumb|DB 601A, partially sectioned (right side)]]
[[File:Kawasaki Ha40 aircraft engine.jpg|thumb|Ha40 at the National Museum and Art Gallery, Port Moresby.]]
[[File:Kawasaki Ha40 aircraft engine - detail.jpg|thumb|Ha40 detail, National Museum and Art Gallery, Port Moresby.]]
[[File:Aichi Atsuta 31 2.jpg|thumb|Aichi Atsuta, a license-built DB 601 (left side)]]

The '''Kawasaki Ha40''', also known as the '''Army Type 2 1,100&nbsp;hp Liquid Cooled In-line''' and '''Ha-60''', was a license-built [[Daimler-Benz DB 601|Daimler-Benz DB 601Aa]] 12-cylinder liquid-cooled inverted-vee aircraft engine. The [[Imperial Japanese Army Air Service]] (IJAAS) selected the engine to power its [[Kawasaki Ki-61]] fighter.

==Design and development==
The Daimler-Benz DB 601Aa was a development of the earlier [[Daimler-Benz DB 600|DB 600]], with direct fuel injection replacing the carburetor. Like all DB 601s, it had a 33.9-litre displacement. The first prototype with the direct fuel injection  was test run in 1935, and an order for 150 engines was placed in February 1937.

A manufacturing license was granted to [[Aichi Kokuki|Aichi]] for the production of this engine for the [[Imperial Japanese Navy]] as the [[Aichi Atsuta|Atsuta]] and to Kawasaki for production of this engine for the IJAAS as the Ha40. Under the 1944 Unified System, this engine was re-designated as the Kawasaki Ha-60.

The Kawasaki Ha40 and the [[Aichi Atsuta]] were based on the engine that powered Germany's [[Messerschmitt Bf 109]] fighter.<ref>Francillon, p.119</ref>

===Ha201===
A new high-horsepower narrow-profile engine was required for the [[Kawasaki Ki-64]] experimental fighter. The aircraft design called for a narrow-profile fuselage, and the solution that Kawasaki developed was the Ha-201 engine. Although similar to the [[Aichi Ha-70]], where two [[Aichi Atsuta]] engines, mounted side-by-side behind the cockpit driving a single large propeller — an arrangement already used by the Daimler-Benz DB 606 that powered the [[Heinkel He 119]] reconnaissance monoplane prototypes, and later inspired Japan's own [[Yokosuka R2Y]] reconnaissance aircraft from the seventh and eighth He 119 prototypes being sold to Japan in May 1940 — for the Japanese Ki-64, its own powerplant installation design called for the two Kawasaki Ha-40 engines to be separately mounted, one in the aircraft's nose, the other behind the cockpit.

The engines were connected to a common gearbox that was mounted in the nose. The rear engine was connected to the nose-mounted gearbox by a long drive shaft similar to the American [[Bell P-39 Airacobra]].  The gearbox did not combine the power output of the two engines.  Instead, the rear engine drove the forward controllable-pitch propeller, while the front engine independently drove the rearward fixed-pitch propeller.<ref>Francillon, p.121</ref>

==Variants==
;Ha40 
:Up to {{cvt|1175|PS|kW hp|0}} at sea level with 2,500 rpm, up to {{cvt|1100|PS|kW hp|0}} at 2,400 rpm and {{cvt|3700|m|ft}} altitude. Used in the Kawasaki Ki-61.
;Ha-60: Unified designation for the Ha40
;Ha140:An up-rated 1,500&nbsp;PS development of the Ha40 for the high-altitude [[Kawasaki Ki-61-II KAI]] interceptor aircraft.
;Ha201
:Two Ha40 coupled together with a common gearbox, driving a twin three-blade contra-rotating propeller. Used in the Kawasaki Ki-64. The combination was rated at {{cvt|2350|PS|kW hp|0}} at sea level and 2,500 rpm, up to {{cvt|2200|PS|kW hp|0}} at 2,400 rpm and 3,700 m altitude.
;Ha-72: Unified designation of the Ha201, coupled Ha40

==Applications==
;Ha40
* [[Kawasaki Ki-61]]
;Ha201
* [[Kawasaki Ki-64]]

==Specifications (Ha40)==
{{pistonspecs
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|ref=Francillon, p.119
|type=Twelve-cylinder liquid-cooled supercharged 60° [[V12 engine|inverted Vee]] aircraft piston engine
|bore=150 mm (5.91 in)
|stroke=160 mm (6.30 in)
|displacement=33.93 L (2,070.5 in³)
|length=1,722 mm (68 in)
|diameter=
|width=
|height=
|weight=590 kg (1,320 lb)
|valvetrain=Two intake and two [[sodium]]-cooled exhaust valves per cylinder actuated via a single [[overhead camshaft]] per cylinder block.
|supercharger=Gear-driven single-speed [[centrifugal type supercharger]]<ref>{{cite journal|last=Wilkinson|first=Stephan|title=With the Noise of a Stone Crusher|journal=Popular Science|date=Jan 2003|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WAAAAAAAMBAJ&dq=supercharger%20Daimler&pg=PA28}}</ref>)
|turbocharger=
|fuelsystem=[[Gasoline direct injection|Direct fuel injection]]
|fueltype=
|oilsystem=[[Dry sump]] with one pressure and two scavenge pumps
|coolingsystem=Liquid-cooled
|power=<br>
*865 kW (1,175 PS or 1,159 hp) at 2,500 rpm for takeoff
*787 kW (1,070 PS or 1,050 hp) at 2,400 rpm at 3,700 m (12,140 ft)
|specpower=25.52 kW/L (0.56 hp/in³)
|compression=6.9:1
|fuelcon=
|specfuelcon=270 g/(kW·h) (0.44 lb/(hp·h))
|oilcon=
|power/weight=1.47 kW/kg (0.89 hp/lb)
}}

==See also==
{{aircontent
<!-- other related articles that have not already linked: -->
|see also=

<!-- designs which were developed into or from this aircraft: -->
|related=
* [[Daimler-Benz DB 600]]
* [[Daimler-Benz DB 601]]
* [[Aichi Atsuta]]

<!-- For aircraft engine articles.  Engines that are of similar to this design: -->
|similar engines=
* [[Allison V-1710]]
* [[Continental I-1430]]
* [[Hispano-Suiza 12Y]]
* [[Junkers Jumo 211]]
* [[Klimov M-105]]
* [[Mikulin AM-35]]
* [[Rolls-Royce Merlin]]
<!-- relevant lists that this aircraft appears in: -->
|lists=
* [[List of aircraft engines]]

<!-- See [[WP:Air/PC]] for more explanation of these fields. -->
}}

==References==

===Notes===
{{reflist}}

===Bibliography===
* Monogram Closeup 13.  {{ISBN|0-914144-13-8}}.
* Francillon, R. J., Japanese Aircraft of the Pacific War, Putnam, London, 1970 SBN 370 00033 1
*{{cite book |last1=Goodwin |first1=Mike |last2=Starkings |first2=Peter |title=Japanese Aero-Engines 1910-1945 |date=2017 |publisher=MMPBooks |location=Sandomierz, Poland|name-list-style=amp |isbn=978-83-65281-32-6}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Kawasaki Ha40}}
* [http://www.aviation-history.com/engines/db605.htm Aviation History.com, DB 600 series page]
* [http://kurfurst.org/#engines Kurfürst - Resource on Messerschmitt Bf 109 performance.]

{{Kawasaki aero engines}}
{{Japanese Imperial Army aeroengines}}

[[Category:1930s aircraft piston engines]]
[[Category:Inverted V12 aircraft engines]]