View source for Leukocoria

{{Short description|Abnormal white reflection from the eye's retina}}
{{Infobox medical condition (new)
| name            = Leukocoria
| synonyms        = Leucocoria,<ref>[http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/leukokoria thefreedictionary.com]</ref> white pupillary reflex
| image           = Rb whiteeye.PNG
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| caption         = A child with leukocoria due to retinoblastoma in the left eye
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| field           = [[Ophthalmology]], [[pediatrics]]
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'''Leukocoria''' (also '''white pupillary reflex''') is an abnormal white reflection from the [[retina]] of the eye. Leukocoria resembles [[Tapetum lucidum#Eyeshine|eyeshine]], but leukocoria can also occur in animals that lack eyeshine because their retina lacks a ''[[tapetum lucidum]]''.

Leukocoria is a [[medical sign]] for a number of conditions, including [[Coats disease]], [[congenital cataract]], [[corneal scarring]], [[melanoma]] of the [[ciliary body]],<ref name="pmid11201946">{{cite journal| vauthors = Demirci H, Shields CL, Shields JA, Honavar SG, Eagle RC| title = Leucocoria as the presenting sign of a ciliary body melanoma in a child| journal = The British Journal of Ophthalmology| volume = 85| issue = 1| pages = 115–6| date=January 2001| pmid = 11201946| pmc = 1723667| doi = 10.1136/bjo.85.1.110f}}</ref> [[Norrie disease]], ocular [[toxocariasis]], [[persistence of the tunica vasculosa lentis]] (PFV/PHPV), [[retinoblastoma]], and [[retrolental fibroplasia]].

Because of the potentially life-threatening nature of [[retinoblastoma]], a [[cancer]], that condition is usually considered in the evaluation of leukocoria. In some rare cases (1%) the leukocoria is caused by [[Coats' disease]] (leaking retinal vessels).

==Diagnosis==
On photographs taken using a [[Flash (photography)|flash]], instead of the familiar [[red-eye effect]], leukocoria can cause a bright white reflection in an affected eye. Leukocoria may appear also in low indirect light, similar to eyeshine. 

Leukocoria can be detected by a routine eye exam (see [[Ophthalmoscopy]]). For screening purposes, the [[red reflex]] test is used. In this test, when a light is shone briefly through the [[Pupil (eye)|pupil]], an orange red reflection is normal. A white reflection is leukocoria.

<gallery>
Image:Fundus photograph-normal retina EDA06.JPG|A normal human [[fundus (eye)| fundus]]
Image:Fundus retinoblastoma.jpg|A fundus with retinoblastoma
</gallery>

==Society==
* The fictional serial killer known as "The Collector", the main antagonist of the films ''[[The Collector (2009 film)|The Collector]]'' (2009) and ''[[The Collection (film)|The Collection]]'' (2012), had the condition in both eyes. (confirmed by first movie actor Juan Fernández de Alarcon)

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Medical resources
|  DiseasesDB      = 33379
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|  ICD9            = {{ICD9|360.44}}
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|  MedlinePlus     = 003315
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{{commons category|Leukocoria}}

{{Appearance phenomena}}
{{Eye pathology}}

[[Category:Eye diseases]]
[[Category:Medical signs]]