View source for Qiam 1

{{Short description|Iranian short-range ballistic missile}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2022}}
{{Infobox weapon
| is_missile         = yes
| name               = Qiam 1
| image              = Qiam-1 (09).jpg
| image_size         = 
| type               = [[SRBM]]
| vehicle_range      = {{convert|800|km|mi|abbr=on}}<ref name=Khamenei>{{cite web |title= Commander-in-Chief Visits the Arsenal of Achievements of the Scientific Jihad and the Defenses of the Armed Forces [بازدید فرمانده كل قوا از نمایشگاه دستاوردهای جهادی علمی و اقتدار دفاعی نیروهای مسلح] |publisher= Khamenei |url= http://farsi.khamenei.ir/news-content?id=12770}}</ref>
| filling            = {{convert|750|kg|lb|abbr=on}} High explosive (HE) fragmentation, submunitions, nuclear possible<ref name="CSIS: Qiam 1">{{cite web |title= Qiam 1 |publisher= Center for Strategic and International Studies |url= https://missilethreat.csis.org/missile/qiam-1/ |access-date= 13 November 2017}}</ref>
| launch_platform    = Multiple<ref name="Fars News: Qiam 1">{{cite web |title= Iran Test-Fires New Surface-to-Surface Missile |date= 25 August 2010 |publisher= Fars News Agency |url= http://english.farsnews.com/newstext.php?nn=8905290734 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100825132631/http://english.farsnews.com/newstext.php?nn=8905290734 |archive-date= 25 August 2010 |access-date= 13 November 2017}}</ref>
| target             = 
| yield              = 
| engine             = [[Liquid fuel rocket]]
| guidance           = [[Inertial navigation system]]
| speed              = 
| length             = {{convert|11.5|m|ft|abbr=on}}<ref name="CSIS: Qiam 1" />
| diameter           = {{convert|0.88|m|ft|abbr=on}} (body)
{{convert|0.60|m|ft|abbr=on}} (warhead)<ref name="CSIS: Qiam 1" />
| weight             = {{convert|6155|kg|lb|abbr=on}}<ref name="CSIS: Qiam 1" />
| payload_capacity   = {{convert|750|kg|lb|abbr=on}}<ref name="CSIS: Qiam 1" />
| accuracy           = {{convert|100|m|ft|abbr=on}} [[circular error probable|circular error probable (CEP)]]
| manufacturer       = Iran
| unit_cost          = 
| number             = >24<ref name="CSIS: Qiam 1"/>
| service            = 2010&ndash;present
| used_by            = Iran
}}

The '''Qiam 1''' ([[Persian language|Persian]]:  قیام-١, "Uprising-1") is a [[short-range ballistic missile]] designed and built by [[Iran]]. It was developed from the Iranian [[Shahab-2]],<ref name="CSIS: Qiam 1"/> a licensed copy of the [[North Korea]]n [[Hwasong-6]], all of which are versions of the [[Scud|Soviet Scud-C missile]].<ref name="MDA: Hwasong">{{cite web |title= Hwasong-6 (Scud-C Variant) |first= Michael |last= Arthur |date= 11 June 2014 |url= http://missiledefenseadvocacy.org/missile-threat-and-proliferation/todays-missile-threat/north-korea/scud-c-variant-hwasong-6/ |access-date= 14 November 2017}}</ref> The Qiam 1 entered service in 2010, with a range of {{convert|800|km|mi|abbr=on}} and {{convert|100|m|ft|abbr=on}} [[circular error probable|(CEP)]] accuracy.<ref name="CSIS: Qiam 1" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=August 24, 2023 |title=Table of Iran's Missile Arsenal |url=https://www.iranwatch.org/our-publications/weapon-program-background-report/table-irans-missile-arsenal#fn7 }}</ref>

==Development==
The Qiam 1 was first seen in footage of an August 2010 test, then publicly displayed in a parade in October 2010.<ref name="CSIS: Qiam 1"/> On 22 May 2011, Iranian Defense Minister [[Ahmad Vahidi]] announced that the missile was being delivered to the [[Aerospace Force of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps]], although a US report noted deliveries in May 2010.<ref name="IRIB: Qiam 1">{{cite web |title=The Launch of a Massive Rocket "Uprising 1" by the Air Force Corps [آغاز تحویل انبوه موشک قیام 1 به نیروی هوافضای سپاه] |url=http://www.iribnews.ir/Default.aspx?Page=MainContent&news_num=285509 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927130824/http://www.iribnews.ir/Default.aspx?Page=MainContent&news_num=285509 |archive-date=27 September 2011 |publisher=IRIB News}}</ref><ref name="FAS: Qiam 1">{{cite web |title= Iran's Ballistic Missile and Space Launch Programs |first= Steven |last= Hildreth |publisher= Congressional Research Service |date= 6 December 2012 |url= https://fas.org/sgp/crs/nuke/R42849.pdf |access-date= 14 November 2017}}</ref>

==Design==
The Qiam 1 is a variant of the Scud missile. Its lack of fins reduces the missile's radar signature,<ref name="Fars News: Qiam 1"/><ref name="CSIS: Qiam 1"/> particularly during ascent when fins can act as radar reflectors.<ref name="ATN: Qiam 1">{{cite web |title= Iranian Qiam-1 Missile Test |first= David |last= Wright |date= 25 August 2010 |publisher= Union of Concerned Scientists: [Blog] All Things Nuclear |url= http://allthingsnuclear.org/dwright/iranian-qiam-1-missile-test |access-date= 14 November 2017 |archive-date= 15 November 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171115201345/http://allthingsnuclear.org/dwright/iranian-qiam-1-missile-test |url-status= dead }}</ref>{{Unreliable source?|date=May 2018}}<ref name="CSIS: Qiam 1"/> Removing fins from a missile also reduces the structural mass, so the payload weight or missile range can be increased.<ref name="ATN: Qiam 1"/><ref name="CSIS: Qiam 1"/> Without the fins and associated drag, the missile can be more responsive to changes in trajectory.<ref name="ATN: Qiam 1"/>

Iranian sources cite an improved guidance system on the missile, and analysts note that adjusting the missile's in-flight trajectory without fins requires a highly responsive guidance system.<ref name="Fars News: Qiam 1"/><ref name="CSIS: Qiam 1"/><ref name="ATN: Qiam 1"/> The Qiam 1's accuracy is also improved with the addition of a separable warhead—since only the warhead needs to survive re-entry most missiles have structurally weak bodies which can cause an attached warhead to tumble as the body breaks apart.<ref name="ATN: Qiam 1"/><ref name="Arms Control Wonk: Qiam 1">{{cite web |title= Iran's New Missile |first= Joshua |last= Pollack |date= 23 August 2010 |publisher= Arms Control Wonk |url= http://www.armscontrolwonk.com/archive/503101/irans-new-missile/#more-338 |access-date= 14 November 2017}}</ref> Attachments visible in pictures of the warhead may show antennas for controlling the missile's trajectory by radio.<ref name="ATN: Qiam 1"/>

The shape of the warhead on the Qiam 1 resembles that used on Iran's [[Shahab-3]].<ref name="CSIS: Qiam 1"/> The "baby-bottle" design can shift the [[center of gravity]] and center of pressure to compensate for changes in payload weight from earlier cone-shaped warheads; can increase drag which results in increased stability during reentry (at the expense of range) and, potentially, increase accuracy; and can increase the [[terminal velocity]] of the warhead, making it harder to intercept.<ref name="Iran Watch">{{cite web |title= Iran's New "Baby Bottle" Shihab |first= Uzi |last= Rubin |date= 24 August 2008 |publisher= Middle East Missile Monitor |url= http://www.iranwatch.org/library/me-missile-monitor-irans-baby-bottle-shihab-8-24-04 |access-date= 11 November 2017}}</ref><ref name="CSIS: Qiam 1"/><ref name="Research Notes: Qiam 1">{{cite web |title= Research Notes |issue= 39 |first= Michael |last= Eisenstadt |publisher= The Washington Institute for Near East Policy |date= November 2016 |url= http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/uploads/Documents/pubs/ResearchNote39-Eisenstadt.pdf |access-date= 14 November 2017 |archive-date= 28 January 2018 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180128052215/http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/uploads/Documents/pubs/ResearchNote39-Eisenstadt.pdf |url-status= dead }}</ref>

In an interview with the [[Fars News Agency]], General Farahi reported "that the range of Qiam differs in accordance with its mission, meaning that the missile can hit targets in different distances according to its mission plan."<ref name="Fars News: Qiam 1"/>

Multiple platforms may be used to launch the Qiam 1, and its launch and preparation time have been reduced compared to other Scud variants.<ref name="Fars News: Qiam 1"/> The integration of [[GPS]] or another navigation system could be used to reduce preparation time and improve accuracy by better locating the missile in relation to its target.<ref name="ATN: Qiam 1"/>

The missile warhead can be fitted with [[Cluster munition|submunitions]] dispensers for an [[Anti-runway penetration bomb|anti-runway]] usage.<ref name="CSIS: Qiam 1" />

== Upgrades ==
According to a report released by Tasnim news agency on Monday, January 3, the new Qiam missile’s error range has been decreased from 100 meters to 50 meters, and the missile’s max range has been extended from 700-800 kilometers to 1000 kilometers, with 100 kilometres being the minimum range. 

Apart from the decreased [[Circular error probable|CEP]] (circular error probability) value and greater range, the technical features of the new missile have also changed, according to the information provided. The upgraded version of the Qiam missile has a 600 kilogram warhead and can reportedly travel at a speed of 1,935 meters per second. The Qiam missile has a diameter of 888 millimeters, a length of 11,846 millimeters, and a weight of 7,029 kilograms. The time it takes to prepare the missile for launch has also been lowered by 20 minutes, according to reports.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-01-07 |title=Iran Increases Range of "Qiam" Ballistic Missile To 1000 Kilometers |url=https://www.overtdefense.com/2022/01/07/iran-increases-range-of-qiam-ballistic-missile-to-1000-kilometers/ |access-date=2023-07-03 |website=Overt Defense |language=en-CA}}</ref>

==Operational history==
[[File:Al Asad Airbase damage following IRGC missile attack.jpg|thumb|Aftermath of the Iranian missile attack on Al Asad air base|212x212px]] 
Test launches of the Qiam 1 occurred on 20 August 2010, 10 February 2014, and 9 March 2016.<ref name="Telegraph: Qiam 1 Launch">{{cite web |title= Iran broadcasts missile launch on state television |date= 20 August 2010 |newspaper= The Telegraph |url= https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/iran/7955996/Iran-broadcasts-missile-launch-on-state-television.html |access-date= 13 November 2017}}</ref><ref name="CSIS: Qiam 1"/><ref name="UN: 12 July 2016">{{cite web |title= Report of the Secretary-General on the implementation of Security Council resolution 2231 (2015) |date= 12 July 2016 |publisher= United Nations Security Council |url= http://www.un.org/en/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=S/2016/589&Lang=E |access-date= 14 November 2017}}</ref> The Qiam 1 was used in combat for the first time [[2017 Deir ez-Zor missile strike|on 17 June 2017]] when Iran targeted [[Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant|Islamic State]] militants in Syria as retaliation for earlier bomb attacks in Tehran.<ref name="Ledger-Enquirer: Qiam 1">{{cite web |title= US Air Force official: Missile targeting Saudis was Iranian |date= 10 November 2017 |publisher= Ledger-Enquirer |url= http://www.ledger-enquirer.com/news/business/article183846816.html#storylink=cpy |access-date= 13 November 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171110225353/http://www.ledger-enquirer.com/news/business/article183846816.html#storylink=cpy |archive-date= 10 November 2017 |url-status= dead }}</ref> At least two missiles hit the Islamic State stronghold of [[Mayadin]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-international/iran-launches-missiles-at-is/article19106325.ece|title=Iran fires missiles at IS targets|agency=Associated Press|date=2017-06-20|work=The Hindu|access-date=2020-01-18|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

Qiam 1 missiles also struck US/Iraqi [[Al Asad Airbase]] in Iraq [[2020 Iranian attack on U.S. forces in Iraq|on 8 January 2020]],<ref name=NPR20200109>{{cite news |url=https://www.npr.org/2020/01/08/794517031/satellite-photos-reveal-extent-of-damage-at-al-assad-air-base  |title=Satellite Photos Reveal Extent of Damage From Iranian Strike on Air Base in Iraq |last=Brumfiel|first=Geoff|publisher=NPR|work=NPR |date=8 January 2020 |access-date=9 January 2020}}</ref> destroying a [[Sikorsky UH-60 Black Hawk|Black Hawk]] helicopter, an air control tower and several tents. The main runway and an [[General Atomics MQ-1 Predator|MQ-1 Predator]] drone were damaged.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newsweek.com/military-aircraft-runway-among-damage-iraqi-base-struck-iran-missiles-1481129|title=Military aircraft, runway among damage at Iraqi base struck by Iran missiles|last=LaPorta|first=James|date=8 January 2020|website=Newsweek|language=en|access-date=9 January 2020}}</ref> Two American soldiers who had been manning guard towers were blown from their posts and wounded during the missile attacks,<ref name="”2020-01-13_SD">[http://www.spacedaily.com/reports/Surviving_was_a_miracle_Irans_missile_attack_on_Iraq_base_999.html 'Surviving was a miracle': Iran's missile attack on Iraq base], Maya Gebeily, [[Agence France-Presse]]/SpaceDaily, 2020-01-13</ref> and it was later disclosed that 109 US servicemen suffered [[traumatic brain injury]]. Some of them were evacuated to Kuwait and Germany for medical treatment.<ref name="50 injured">{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/01/28/politics/50-injuries-iran-strike/index.html|title=First on CNN: 50 US service members diagnosed with traumatic brain injuries after Iranian missile strike|last=Correspondent|first=Barbara Starr, CNN Pentagon|date=2020-01-28|publisher=CNN|access-date=2020-01-29}}</ref><ref name="T&P">{{Cite web|url=https://taskandpurpose.com/more-troops-tbi-iraq|title=64 US troops now being treated for Traumatic Brain Injury as toll of Iranian attack continues to increase|date=2020-01-30|website=Task & Purpose|language=en|access-date=2020-01-31|archive-date=31 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200131221621/https://taskandpurpose.com/more-troops-tbi-iraq|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="100inj">{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-pentagon-tbi-exclusive/exclusive-more-than-100-u-s-troops-diagnosed-with-brain-injuries-from-iran-attack-officials-idUSKBN2041ZK|title=Exclusive: More than 100 U.S. troops diagnosed with brain injuries from Iran attack – officials|last1=Ali|first1=Idrees|date=2020-02-10|work=Reuters|access-date=2020-02-10}}</ref>

Extended range versions of the Qiam-1 operated by the Houthis in Yemen have flown more than 900 km.<ref>2019 Iran Military Power - Defense Intelligence Agency https://www.dia.mil/Portals/110/Images/News/Military_Powers_Publications/Iran_Military_Power_LR.pdf</ref>
[[File:2019 Sacred Defence Week parade (343).jpg|thumb|A Qiam-1 missile on its launcher at a parade in Tehran]]

The missile were fitted with cluster warheads, according to the Iranian military.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-51042156|title=Did Iranian strike deliberately avoid US troops?|date=2020-01-08|access-date=2020-01-19|language=en-GB}}</ref> The strike was in retaliation for the killing of General [[Qasem Soleimani]] during an attack launched by the [[United States Air Force|USAF]] with an [[General Atomics MQ-9 Reaper|MQ-9 Reaper]] drone on 3 January 2020.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/07/world/middleeast/trump-iran.html|title=Iran 'Concludes' Attacks, Foreign Minister Says|date=2020-01-07|work=The New York Times|access-date=2020-01-11|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>

===Potential Use in Yemen===
[[Houthi]] forces in [[Yemen]] have unveiled two Scud-based mobile short-range ballistic missiles: the [[Volcano 1|Burkan 1]] and [[Volcano H-2|Burkan 2-H]].<ref name=Brugge>{{cite web |first= Norbert |last= Brügge |title= The Soviet "Scud" Missile Family |url= http://www.b14643.de/Spacerockets/Specials/Scud/index.htm |date= 10 November 2017 |access-date= 10 November 2017}}</ref><ref name=janes-20170707>{{cite report |url=http://www.janes.com/images/assets/330/72330/Yemeni_rebels_enhance_ballistic_missile_campaign.pdf |title=Yemeni rebels enhance ballistic missile campaign |publisher=IHS |work=Jane's Defence Weekly |date=7 July 2017 |access-date=19 December 2017}}</ref> On 4 November 2017, Saudi Arabia claimed to have intercepted a Burkan 2-H over its capital, [[Riyadh]], with a [[MIM-104 Patriot]]. It reportedly was aimed at [[King Khalid International Airport]].<ref name=CNN1>{{cite web |title= Saudi Arabia intercepts ballistic missile over capital |first1= T |last1= Lister |first2= A |last2= Albadran |first3= H |last3= Al-Masmari |first4= SE |last4= Sirgany |first5= E |last5= Levenson |publisher= CNN|date= 4 November 2017 |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2017/11/04/middleeast/saudi-arabia-ballistic-missile/index.html |access-date= 6 November 2017}}</ref> According to the [[United States Department of State|US State Department]], the missile was actually a Qiam.<ref name="USUN: Qiam 1">{{cite web |title=Press Release: Ambassador Haley on Weapons of Iranian Origin Used in Attack on Saudi Arabia |date=7 November 2017 |publisher=United States Mission to the United Nations |url=https://usun.state.gov/remarks/8090 |access-date=7 November 2017 |archive-date=11 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190411124443/https://usun.state.gov/remarks/8090 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Saudi Arabia's [[Ministry of Culture and Information]] supplied the [[Associated Press]] with pictures from a military briefing of what it claimed were components from the missile bearing Iranian markings matching those on other pictures of the Qiam 1.<ref name="WaPo 1">{{cite news |title=Q&A: US, Saudi Arabia accuse Iran over Yemen missile launch |first=Jon |last=Gambrell |date= 11 November 2017 |newspaper= The Washington Post |url= https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/qanda-us-saudi-arabia-accuse-iran-over-yemen-missile-launch/2017/11/11/8f629a4a-c74b-11e7-9922-4151f5ca6168_story.html |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171112050519/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/qanda-us-saudi-arabia-accuse-iran-over-yemen-missile-launch/2017/11/11/8f629a4a-c74b-11e7-9922-4151f5ca6168_story.html |url-status= dead |archive-date= 12 November 2017 |access-date= 11 November 2017}}</ref> Joint Forces Command of the Arab Coalition detailed the evidence.<ref name=janes-20171117>{{cite news |url=http://www.janes.com/article/75786/dossier-shows-iranian-missile-that-landed-in-saudi-arabia |title=Dossier shows 'Iranian' missile that landed in Saudi Arabia |last=Binnie |first=Jeremy |publisher=IHS |work=Jane's Defence Weekly |date=17 November 2017 |access-date=19 December 2017}}</ref> There have also been reports of previous attempts by Iran to send missiles to Yemen.<ref name="WaPo 1"/>

== Operators ==
*{{IRN}}

== See also ==
* [[Islamic Republic of Iran Armed Forces]]
* [[Defense industry of Iran]]
* [[List of military equipment manufactured in Iran]]
* [[Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps Aerospace Force]]
* [[Science and technology in Iran]]
* {{lwc|Shahab-3}}
* {{lwc|Hwasong-6}}
* {{lwc|Burkan-2}}

== External links ==
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AP6wIZOC6A4 Footage of the First Launch]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Iran Missiles}}
{{Weapons of Iran}}
{{Iran Military}}

[[Category:Ballistic missiles of Iran]]
[[Category:Short-range ballistic missiles of Iran]]
[[Category:Theatre ballistic missiles]]
[[Category:Military equipment introduced in the 2010s]]