View source for User talk:Chief tin cloud/Mason Motor Company

{{Other uses}} 

{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox company
| name             = Mason Motor Car Co. <small>(1906-1908)</small><br>Mason Automobile Co. <small>(1908-1909)</small><br />[[Maytag-Mason Motor Company|Maytag-Mason Motor Car Co.]]<small>(1910-1911)</small><br />Mason Motor Co. <small>(1912–1914)</small>
| logo             =  
| caption          =
| type             =
| traded_as        =
| fate             =
| predecessor      =
| successor        =
| foundation       = [[Des Moines, Iowa]], United States ({{Start date|1906}})
| founder          = {{unbulleted list | [[August Duesenberg]] | [[Fred Duesenberg|Frederick Duesenberg]] }}
| defunct          = {{End date and age|1914}}
| location_city    = [[Waterloo, Iowa]] 
| location_country = United States
| locations        = 1- Des Moines, Iowa
| area_served      = Worldwide
| key_people       = * Edward R. Mason
* [[Frederick Duesenberg]]
* [[Frederick Louis Maytag I]]
* [[William Galloway]]
| industry         = {{unbulleted list | Automobile manufacturing | Light truck manufacturing }}
| products         = {{unbulleted list | [[Duesenberg Model A|Model A]] | Model X | [[Duesenberg Model J|Model J]] | [[Duesenberg Model J #Supercharged version (SJ)|Model SJ]] |  [[Duesenberg Model J #JN|Model SJN]] | [[Duesenberg Model J #SSJ|Model SSJ]]}}
| services         = Automobiles, light trucks
| revenue          =
| operating_income =
| net_income       =
| assets           =
| equity           =
| owner            = * Edward R. Mason
* Frederick Louis Maytag I
* William Galloway
| num_employees    = 95 (1909)<ref name="Roe(1982)15" />
| parent           =
| divisions        =
| subsid           =
| homepage         = 
| footnotes        =
}}



| Name             =  
| Logo             =  
| Unternehmensform = 1) Kapitalgesellschaft<br>2) [[Corporation (Vereinigte Staaten)|Corporation]]<ref name="Roe(1982)16" />
| ISIN             = nicht vorhanden
| Gründungsdatum   = 1906
| Auflösungsdatum  = 1914
| Auflösungsgrund  = Insolvenz
| Sitz             = [[Waterloo (Iowa)|Waterloo]], [[Black Hawk County]], [[Iowa]], [[USA]]
| Leitung          = * Edward R. Mason
* [[Frederick L. Maytag]]
* [[William Galloway]]
| Mitarbeiterzahl  = 95 (1909)<ref name="Roe(1982)15" />
| Umsatz           = 
| Branche          = [[Automobil]]e, [[Nutzfahrzeug]]e
| Homepage         = 

The '''Mason Motor Company''' and its precursors, the  '''Mason Motor Car Company''', the '''Mason Automobile Company''' and the '''Maytag-Mason Motor Car Company''' were American [[Automobile manufacturer|automobile]] [[commercial vehicle]] manufacturers. The company used two cylinder and later four cylinder engines conceived by brothers [[Frederick Duesenberg|Frederick]] and [[August Duesenberg]]. Brand names were '''Mason''', '''Maytag'' , and '''Mason-Mohler'''. A [[Badge Engineeringdge engineered]] version for the [[William Galloway Company]] was temporally available. Fred Duesenberg was plant manager, designer and partner and board member of the company.


https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mason_Motor_Company


== Fred and August Duesenberg ==
[[File:August and Fred Duesenberg, 1925.jpg|thumb|August und Fred Duesenberg im Jahr 1925]]


The German-born brothers [[Frederick Duesenberg|Frederick]] (1876-1932) and [[August Duesenberg]] (1879-1955) were the youngest of seven children of Conrad and Louise Düsenberg from Matorf-Kirchheide ( [[Lemgo]], [[lip (country) | lip]]). After the early death of the father, the family emigrated and farmed in [[Rockford (Iowa)]]. Already around 1902, the brothers experimented with an internal combustion engine. Fred was a bicycle mechanic, tradesman and a successful cyclist in [[Des Moines]] ([[Iowa]]) and a [[self-taught]]. He co-founded '' Iowa Automobile & Supply Co. '' in February 1905. The company was an auto repair shop - the second in town - and a car distributor for various brands, including [[Ford]] <ref name = "Butler (1992) 13" />, [[Rambler (car brand) | Rambler ]] <ref name = "Butler (1992) 12" />, [[Acme Motor Car Company (Pennsylvania) | Acme]] and [[Marion Motor Car Company | Marion]] <ref name = "Butler (1992) 12 "/>. He worked together with his youngest brother all his life. Rather incidentally, they fiddled with their own engine, which they wanted to use for a planned car. However, there seems to have been little illusion that they could organize an automobile factory on their own; For this, Fred's small garage with car dealers and the bicycle repair shop with a small engine production of August in [[Garner (Iowa)]] <ref name = "Butler (1992) 10" /> did not make enough profit. Key patents were filed together; a later is signed by Fred alone. <ref name = "US1244481FAD" /> <ref name = "US1363500FAD" /> <ref name = "US1476327FD" /> The [Duesenberg Walking Beam | Walking Beam] inseparable from her name ] - [[valve control]] with overlong [[plunger (technique) | valve tappets]] the brothers did not invent <ref name = "US830099JWP" /> but their design has original solutions. Together they built the [[Duesenberg Model A]] one of the first production cars with [[eight-cylinder]] - [[in-line engine]] - the first in the United States as well as the first with four-wheel brakes; the latter together with the small manufacturer [[Kenworthy Motors Corporation | Kenworthy Motors]] in [[Mishawaka]] ([[Indiana]]). For the successor [[Duesenberg Model J]] Fred Duesenberg was solely responsible.



Die deutschstämmigen Brüder [[Fred S. Duesenberg|Fred S.]] (1876-1932) und [[August S. Duesenberg]] (1879-1955) waren die jüngsten von sieben Kindern von Conrad und Louise Düsenberg aus Matorf-Kirchheide ([[Lemgo]], [[Lippe (Land)|Lippe]]). Nach dem frühen Tod des Vaters wanderte die Familie aus und bewirtschaftete eine Farm in [[Rockford (Iowa)]]. Bereits um 1902 experimentierten die Brüder mit einem Verbrennungsmotor. Fred war Fahrradmechaniker, -händler und ein erfolgreicher Radrennfahrer in [[Des Moines]] ([[Iowa]]) und ein [[Autodidakt]]. Er hatte im Februar 1905 die ''Iowa Automobile & Supply Co.'' mitbegründet. Das Unternehmen war eine Auto-Reparaturwerkstätte – die zweite im Ort – und eine Automobil-Vertretung für verschiedene Marken, darunter [[Ford]]<ref name="Butler(1992)13" />, [[Rambler (Automarke)|Rambler]]<ref name="Butler(1992)12" />, [[Acme Motor Car Company (Pennsylvania)|Acme]] und [[Marion Motor Car Company|Marion]]<ref name="Butler(1992)12" />. Mit seinem jüngsten Bruder arbeitete er zeitlebens zusammen. Eher nebenbei tüftelten sie an einem eigenen Motor, den sie für ein geplantes Automobil verwenden wollten. Es scheint aber wenig Illusionen darüber gegeben zu haben, dass sie aus eigener Kraft eine Automobilfabrikation organisieren konnten; dafür warfen Freds kleine Werkstätte mit Autohandel und die Fahrrad-Reparaturwerkstatt mit einer kleinen Motorenproduktion von August in [[Garner (Iowa)]]<ref name="Butler(1992)10" /> nicht genug Gewinn ab. Entscheidende Patente wurden gemeinsam eingereicht; ein späteres ist von Fred allein unterzeichnet.<ref name="US1244481FAD" /><ref name="US1363500FAD" /><ref name="US1476327FD" /> Die mit ihrem Namen untrennbar verbundene [[Duesenberg Walking Beam|Walking Beam]]-[[Ventilsteuerung]] mit überlangen [[Stößel (Technik)|Ventilstößeln]] haben die Brüder nicht erfunden<ref name="US830099JWP" />, ihre Konstruktion weist aber originäre Lösungen auf. Gemeinsam konstruierten sie mit dem [[Duesenberg Model A]] einen der ersten Serienwagen mit [[Achtzylinder]]-[[Reihenmotor]] – den ersten in den Vereinigten Staaten wie auch der erste mit Vierradbremsen; letzteres gemeinsam mit dem kleinen Hersteller [[Kenworthy Motors Corporation|Kenworthy Motors]] in [[Mishawaka]] ([[Indiana]]). Für den Nachfolger [[Duesenberg Model J]] war Fred Duesenberg allein verantwortlich.



== Anmerkungen ==
[[Datei:McClures 1917-18 NACC.jpg|mini|Die [[A.L.A.M.-Formel]] wurde 1912 in N.A.C.C.-Rating umbenannt. Die Berechnungsmethode wurde nicht verändert.]]
<references group="Anm." />

== Literatur ==
* Jon M. Bill: ''Duesenberg Racecars & Passenger Cars Photo Archive.'' Auburn Cord Duesenberg Museum (Hrsg.), Iconografix, Hudson WI, Photo Archive Series, ISBN 1-58388-145-X.
* Griffith Borgeson: ''The Golden Age of the American Racing Car.'' Hrsg. SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers), Warrendale PA, 2. Auflage, 1998; ISBN 0-7680-0023-8.
* Don Butler: ''Auburn Cord Duesenberg.'' Crestline Publishing Co., ''Crestline Series'', 1992; ISBN 0-879-38701-7.
* Donald Davidson, Rick Shaffer: ''Autocourse Official Illustrated History of the Indianapolis 500.'' Icon Publishing Ltd., 2. erweiterte Auflage, 2013; ISBN 1-905-33482-6.
* Robert D. Dluhy: ''American Automobiles of the Brass Era: Essential Specifications of 4,000+ Gasoline Powered Passenger Cars, 1906-1915, with a Statistical and Historical Overview.'' Mcfarland & Co Inc. publishers, Jefferson NC, 2013; ISBN 0-78647-136-0.
* Randy Ema: ''The Man Behind the Machine - Friedrich S. Duesenberg.'' in: ''Automobile Quarterly'' ({{ISSN|0005-1438}}), Volume XXX, No. 4 (1992), S. 4–13.
* Joseph S. Freeman, James O'Keefe: ''Out of the Crucible - A Racing History.'' in: ''Automobile Quarterly'' ({{ISSN|0005-1438}}), Volume XXX, No. 4 (1992), S. 80–99.
* [[George Nicholas Georgano]] (Hrsg.): ''Complete Encyclopedia of Motorcars, 1885 to the Present.'' Dutton Press, New York, 2. Auflage (Hardcover), 1973; ISBN 0-525-08351-0.
* George Nicholas Georgano (Hrsg.), G. Marshall Naul: ''Complete Encyclopedia of Commercial Vehicles.'' MBI Motor Books International, Osceola WI, 1979; ISBN 0-87341-024-6.
* Bill Jepsen: ''Iowa's Automobiles. An Entertaining and Enlightening History.'' Publisher: Bill Jepsen, 2007; ISBN 1-888223804.
* [[Beverly Rae Kimes]] (Hrsg.), Henry Austin Clark jr.: ''Standard Catalogue of American Cars 1805–1942.'' 3. Auflage. Krause Publications, Iola WI 1996, ISBN 0-87341-428-4.
* George Moore: ''They always called him Augie - August S. Duesenberg.'' in: ''Automobile Quarterly'' ({{ISSN|0005-1438}}), Volume XXX, No. 4 (1992), S. 14–20.
* Albert Mroz: ''Illustrated Encyclopedia of American Trucks and Commercial Vehicles.'' Krause Publications, Iola WI, 1996; ISBN 0-87341-368-7.
* William Pearce: ''Duesenberg Aircraft Engines: A Technical Description.'' Old Machine Press, 2012; ISBN 0-98503530-7.
* Fred Roe: ''Duesenberg - The Pursuit of Perfection.'' Dalton Watson Ltd., Publishers, London W1V 4AN, England, 1982, ISBN 0-90156-432-X.
* Dennis Adler: ''Duesenberg.'' Heel-Verlag, Königswinter 2005; ISBN 3-89880-487-9.
* [[L. Scott Bailey]] (Hrsg.), Jonathan A. Stein, Michael Pardo: ''Automobile Quarterly, Volume XXX, No. 4, Summer 1992 (Duesenberg edition).'' Automobile Quarterly, Inc., Kutztown PA; {{ISSN|0005-1438}}.
* Joseph S. Freeman: ''Coda: Walking Beam on Water.'' in: ''Automobile Quarterly'' ({{ISSN|0005-1438}}), Volume XXX, No. 4 (1992), S. 112.
* Robert Gabrick: ''American Delivery Truck: An Illustrated History.'' Enthusiast Books, 2014; ISBN 978-158388311-2.
* John A. Gunnell (Hrsg.): ''Standard Catalog of American Light Duty Trucks, 1896-1986.'' MBI Motor Books International, Osceola WI, 1993, ISBN 0-87341-238-9.
* Karl Ludvigsen: ''Indy Cars 1911-1939: Great Racers from the Crucible of Speed.'' Enthusiast Books (Ludvigsen Library), 1. Auflage, 2005; ISBN 1-58388-151-4.
* Beverly Rae Kimes: ''Pioneers, Engineers, and Scoundrels: The Dawn of the Automobile in America.'' Hrsg. SAE ([[Society of Automotive Engineers]]) Permissions, Warrendale PA, 2005; ISBN 0-7680-1431-X.
* Howard Kroplick: ''Vanderbilt Cup Races of Long Island.'' Arcadia Publishing, Charleston SC (USA) Reihe ''Images of Sports'', 2008; ISBN 978-0-7385-5751-9.
* Howard Kroplick, Al Velocci: ''The Long Island Motor Parkway'', Arcadia Publishing Charleston SC (USA) Reihe ''Images of America'', 2008; ISBN 978-0-7385-5793-9.
* Louis William Steinwedel, J. Herbert Newport: ''The Duesenberg: The Story of America's Premier Car.'' Chilton Book Co, 1. Auflage, 1970; ISBN 0-801-95559-9.
* A-C-D-Museum (Hrsg.): ''19th Annual Auburn Cord Duesenberg Festival; Official Souvenir Book''; Broschüre zur Eröffnung des Auburn Cord Duesenberg Museums in Auburn, Indiana (USA), Labor Day Weekend 1974.
* [[National Automobile Chamber of Commerce]]: ''Handbook of Automobiles 1915–1916.'' Dover Publications, 1970.
* [[Association of Licensed Automobile Manufacturers]] (Hrsg.): ''Handbook of Gasoline Automobiles / 1904-1905-1906.'' Einführung von Clarence P. Hornung, Dover Publications, New York, 1969.
* [[National Automobile Chamber of Commerce]]: ''Handbook of Automobiles 1915–1916.'' Dover Publications, 1970.

== Weblinks ==
{{Commonscat}}
* [http://www.maytagclub.com/page-30.htm Maytag collectors Club: ''The Maytag-Mason venture.'']  
* [http://www.maytagclub.com/page-31.htm Maytag collectors Club: ''Maytag cars.''] 
* [http://www.tomstrongman.com/ClassicCars/GeorgeHess/Index.htm tomstrongman.com: ''Classic Cars/George Hess]  
* [http://www.american-automobiles.com/Mason.html American Automobiles: ''The Mason Automobile & The Mason Automobile Co.'']  
* [http://www.american-automobiles.com/Maytag.html American Automobiles: ''The Maytag Automobile & The Maytag-Mason Motor Co.'']  
* [http://www.american-automobiles.com/Articles/Maytag-Business-Cars.html American Automobiles: ''Maytag Business Cars & The Maytag-Mason Motor Co.'']  
* [http://www.earlyamericanautomobiles.com/americanautomobiles8b.htm earlyamericanautomobiles.com: ''Kapitel 16 mit Mason und Maytag.'']  
* [http://classiccardatabase.com/search.php?year=0&make=Mason&series=7250 Classic Car Database: ''1910–1913 Mason; 235.62 cid, 100 in. wheelbase.'']  
* [http://classiccardatabase.com/specs.php?series=3898&year=1913&model=14400 Classic Car Database: ''1913 Mason K Series.''] 
* [http://www.champcarstats.com/drivers/OldfieldLee.htm champcarstats.com: ''Lee Oldfield.'']  
* [http://www.champcarstats.com/drivers/EndicottHarry.htm champcarstats.com: ''Harry Endicott.'']  
* [http://www.champcarstats.com/races/191204.htm champcarstats.com: ''International 500 Mile Sweepstakes, May 30, 1912.'']  
* [http://www.champcarstats.com/races/191303.htm champcarstats.com: ''International 500 Mile Sweepstakes, May 30, 1913.'']  
* [http://www.champcarstats.com/races/191212.htm champcarstats.com: ''Jencks Trophy Race, Elgin Road Race Course, August 30, 1912.'']  
* [http://www.champcarstats.com/races/191217.htm champcarstats.com: ''Wisconsin Challenge Trophy Race, Wauwatosa Road Race Course, October 5, 1912.'']  
* [http://www.teamdan.com/archive/gen/indycar/1914.html#6 champcarstats.com: ''Vanderbilt Cup,Santa Monica, 26th February 1914.'']  
* [http://theoldmotor.com/?p=110037 The Old Motor: ''Gentleman, Show Us Your Engines – The 1912 Indianapolis 500.'']  
* [http://www.csgnetwork.com/cubicinchcalc.html ''Hubraumberechnung aus Bohrung und Hub in Zoll/Kubikzoll; Umrechnung in cm³''.]  

==References== 
<references responsive>
<!-- 1. Bücher von A-Z nach Autor; 2. Die Autoren in Automobile Quarterly XXX; 3. Weblinks von A-Z; 4. Motorsport-Weblinks von A-Z. 5. Patente -->
<ref name="AQEma(1992-4)8">Ema: ''The Man Behind the Machine - Friedrich S. Duesenberg.'' in: ''Automobile Quarterly'', Vol. XXX, No. 4 (1992), S. 8.</ref>
<ref name="AQFreemanOKeefe(1992-4)82">Freeman, O'Keefe: ''Out of the Crucible - A Racing History.'' in: ''Automobile Quarterly'' Vol. XXX, No. 4 (1992), S. 82.</ref>
<ref name="Bill6">Bill: ''Duesenberg Racecars & Passenger Cars Photo Archive'', S. 6.</ref>
<ref name="Butler(1992)10">Butler: ''Auburn Cord Duesenberg.'' 1992, S. 10.</ref>
<ref name="Butler(1992)12">Butler: ''Auburn Cord Duesenberg.'' 1992, S. 12.</ref>
<ref name="Butler(1992)12–13">Butler: ''Auburn Cord Duesenberg.'' 1992, S. 12–13.</ref>
<ref name="Butler(1992)13">Butler: ''Auburn Cord Duesenberg.'' 1992, S. 13.</ref>
<ref name="Butler(1992)14">Butler: ''Auburn Cord Duesenberg.'' 1992, S. 14.</ref>
<ref name="Butler(1992)15">Butler: ''Auburn Cord Duesenberg.'' 1992, S. 15.</ref>
<ref name="Butler(1992)17">Butler: ''Auburn Cord Duesenberg.'' 1992, S. 17.</ref>
<ref name="Butler(1992)19">Butler: ''Auburn Cord Duesenberg.'' 1992, S. 19.</ref>
<ref name="Butler(1992)21">Butler: ''Auburn Cord Duesenberg.'' 1992, S. 21.</ref>
<ref name="Butler(1992)25">Butler: ''Auburn Cord Duesenberg.'' 1992, S. 25.</ref>
<ref name="Butler(1992)26">Butler: ''Auburn Cord Duesenberg.'' 1992, S. 26.</ref>
<ref name="Butler(1992)27">Butler: ''Auburn Cord Duesenberg.'' 1992, S. 27.</ref>
<ref name="Butler(1992)31">Butler: ''Auburn Cord Duesenberg.'' 1992, S. 31.</ref>
<ref name="Butler(1992)32">Butler: ''Auburn Cord Duesenberg.'' 1992, S. 32.</ref>
<ref name="Butler(1992)38">Butler: ''Auburn Cord Duesenberg.'' 1992, S. 38.</ref>
<ref name="Butler(1992)46">Butler: ''Auburn Cord Duesenberg.'' 1992, S. 46.</ref>
<ref name="Dluhy(2013)96">Dluhy: ''American Automobiles of the Brass Era.'' 2013, S.96 (Mason).</ref>
<ref name="Dluhy(2013)97">Dluhy: ''American Automobiles of the Brass Era.'' 2013, S.97 (Maytag).</ref>
<ref name="Gunnell(1993)696">Gunnell: ''Standard Catalog of American Light Duty Trucks, 1896-1986.'' 1993, S. 696 (Galloway).</ref>
<ref name="Gunnell(1993)714Maytag">Gunnell: ''Standard Catalog of American Light Duty Trucks, 1896-1986.'' 1993, S. 714 (Maytag).</ref>
<ref name="GeorganoNaul(1979)416">Georgano, Naul: ''Complete Encyclopedia of Commercial Vehicles.'' 1979, S. 416.</ref>
<ref name="Jepsen(2007)128">Jepsen: ''Iowa's Automobiles. An Entertaining and Enlightening History.'' 2007, S. 128 (Mason).</ref>
<ref name="Jepsen(2007)129">Jepsen: ''Iowa's Automobiles. An Entertaining and Enlightening History.'' 2007, S. 129 (Mason).</ref>
<ref name="Jepsen(2007)299">Jepsen: ''Iowa's Automobiles. An Entertaining and Enlightening History.'' 2007, S. 299.</ref>
<ref name="Kimes(1996)935">Kimes, Clark: ''Standard Catalog of American Cars 1805-1942'', 1996, S. 935 (Mason).</ref>
<ref name="Kimes(1996)945">Kimes, Clark: ''Standard Catalog of American Cars 1805-1942'', 1996, S. 945 (Maytag).</ref>
<ref name="Kimes(1996)496–499">Kimes, Clark: ''Standard Catalog of American Cars 1805-1942'', 1996, S. 496–499 (Duesenberg).</ref>
<ref name="Kimes(1996)60">Kimes, Clark: ''Standard Catalogue of American Cars 1805–1942.'' 1996, S. 60 (Arabian).</ref>
<ref name="Kimes(1996)625">Kimes, Clark: ''Standard Catalog of American Cars 1805-1942'', 1996, S. 625 (Galloway).</ref>
<ref name="Kimes(1996)1335">Kimes, Clark: ''Standard Catalogue of American Cars 1805–1942.'' 1996, S. 1335 (Sears).</ref>
<ref name="MrozIll(1996)270–271">Mroz: ''Illustrated Encyclopedia of American Trucks and Commercial Vehicles.'' 1996, S. 270–271.</ref>
<ref name="Roe(1982)15">Roe: ''Duesenberg - The Pursuit of Perfection.'' 1982, S. 15.</ref>
<ref name="Roe(1982)16">Roe: ''Duesenberg - The Pursuit of Perfection.'' 1982, S. 16.</ref>
<ref name="Roe(1982)17">Roe: ''Duesenberg - The Pursuit of Perfection.'' 1982, S. 17.</ref>
<ref name="Roe(1982)19">Roe: ''Duesenberg - The Pursuit of Perfection.'' 1982, S. 19.</ref>
<ref name="Roe(1982)20">Roe: ''Duesenberg - The Pursuit of Perfection.'' 1982, S. 20.</ref>
<ref name="Roe(1982)21">Roe: ''Duesenberg - The Pursuit of Perfection.'' 1982, S. 21.</ref>
<ref name="Roe(1982)23">Roe: ''Duesenberg - The Pursuit of Perfection.'' 1982, S. 23.</ref>
<ref name="CCDb_Mason235">Classic Car Database: ''1910–1913 Mason; 235.62 cid, 100 in. wheelbase.''</ref>
<ref name="CCDb_MasonK">Classic Car Database: ''1913 Mason K Series.''</ref>
<ref name="MaytagClub_Maytag-Mason">Maytag Collectors Club: ''The Maytag-Mason venture.''</ref>
<ref name="MaytagClub_Cars">Maytag Collectors Club: ''Maytag cars.''</ref>
<ref name="Moore_FC17-8-2017">Moore, "Farm Collector", 17.08.2017: ''The Beginning of the End for Steam Traction Engines.''</ref>
<ref name="09MuseumMinnetonka">Museum of Lake Minnetonka: ''Steamboatin' News: The Glidden Tour Of 1909.''</ref>
<ref name="theoldmotor_Indy1912">The Old Motor: ''Gentleman, Show Us Your Engines – The 1912 Indianapolis 500.''</ref>
<ref name="tomstrongman">tomstrongman.com: George Hess: ''Maytag-Mason.''</ref>
<ref name="Vossler_GEM4-2005">Vossler, GEM 4/2005: ''Galloway - Gas Engines Defined Iowa Manufacturer's Career.''</ref>
<ref name="US830099JWP">[http://google.com/patents/US830099 US Patent Nr. 830,099 A vom 4.9.1906: ''Kohlenwasserstoffmotor für Motorfahrzeuge, J.W. Packard.'']</ref>
<ref name="US1244481FAD">[https://patents.google.com/patent/US1244481 US-Patent Nr. 1,363,500 vom 30.10.1917: ''Ventilsteuerung; F.S. und A.S. Duesenberg.'']</ref>
<ref name="US1363500FAD">[https://patents.google.com/patent/US1363500 US-Patent Nr. 1,363,500 vom 28.12.1920: ''Motor mit interner Verbrennung; F.S. und A.S. Duesenberg.'']</ref>
<ref name="US1476327FD">[https://patents.google.com/patent/US1476327 US-Patent Nr. 1,476,327 vom 4.12.1923: ''F.S. Duesenberg Motor mit interner Verbrennung; F.S. Duesenberg.'']</ref>
</references>
 




[[:Category:Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of the United States]]

[[:Category:Defunct truck manufacturers of the United States]]

<nowiki> 
[[Kategorie:Ehemaliger Automobilhersteller (Vereinigte Staaten)]]
[[Kategorie:Ehemaliges Unternehmen (Des Moines)]]
[[Kategorie:Ehemaliges Unternehmen (Waterloo, Iowa)]]
[[Kategorie:Ehemaliger Nutzfahrzeughersteller]]
[[Kategorie:Gegründet 1906]]
[[Kategorie:Aufgelöst 1914]]
</nowiki>