Fontem paginae Canis inspicere

{{Commentatio de|cane domestico}}
{{latinitas|-2}}
{{Taxobox
| name = ''Canis lupus familiaris
| fossil_range = {{Fossil range|0.015|0|r=[[Pleistocaenum]] > [[Recens]]}} 
| status = DOM
| image = Collage of Nine Dogs.jpg
| image_width = 250px
| image_caption = Canes
| regnum = [[Animalia]]
| phylum = [[Chordata]]
| classis = [[Mammalia]]
| ordo = [[Carnivora]]
| familia = [[Canidae]]
| genus = [[Canis (genus)|Canis]]
| species = ''[[Canis lupus]]''
| subspecies = C. l. familiaris
| trinomial = ''Canis lupus familiaris''
| synonyms_ref = <ref name=wozencraft2005/>
| synonyms = {{collapsible list|bullets=true|
|''C. aegyptius'' {{small|Linnaeus, 1758}}
|''C. alco'' {{small|[[Charles Hamilton Smith|C. E. H. Smith]], 1839,}}
|''C. americanus'' {{small|[[Johann Friedrich Gmelin|Gmelin]], 1792}}
|''C. anglicus'' {{small|Gmelin, 1792}}
|''C. antarcticus'' {{small|Gmelin, 1792}}
|''C. aprinus'' {{small|Gmelin, 1792}}
|''C. aquaticus'' {{small|Linnaeus, 1758}}
|''C. aquatilis'' {{small|Gmelin, 1792}}
|''C. avicularis'' {{small|Gmelin, 1792}}
|''C. borealis'' {{small|C. E. H. Smith, 1839}}
|''C. brevipilis'' {{small|Gmelin, 1792}}
|''C. cursorius'' {{small|Gmelin, 1792}}
|''C. domesticus'' {{small|Linnaeus, 1758}}
|''C. extrarius'' {{small|Gmelin, 1792}}
|''C. ferus'' {{small|C. E. H. Smith, 1839}}
|''C. fricator'' {{small|Gmelin, 1792}}
|''C. fricatrix'' {{small|Linnaeus, 1758}}
|''C. fuillus'' {{small|Gmelin, 1792}}
|''C. gallicus'' {{small|Gmelin, 1792}}
|''C. glaucus'' {{small|C. E. H. Smith, 1839}}
|''C. graius'' {{small|Linnaeus, 1758}}
|''C. grajus'' {{small|Gmelin, 1792}}
|''C. hagenbecki'' {{small|Krumbiegel, 1950}}
|''C. haitensis'' {{small|C. E. H. Smith, 1839}}
|''C. hibernicus'' {{small|Gmelin, 1792}}
|''C. hirsutus'' {{small|Gmelin, 1792}}
|''C. hybridus'' {{small|Gmelin, 1792}}
|''C. islandicus'' {{small|Gmelin, 1792}}
|''C. italicus'' {{small|Gmelin, 1792}}
|''C. laniarius'' {{small|Gmelin, 1792}}
|''C. leoninus'' {{small|Gmelin, 1792}}
|''C. leporarius'' {{small|C. E. H. Smith, 1839}}
|''C. lupus familiaris'' {{small|Linnaeus,1758}}
|''C. major'' {{small|Gmelin, 1792}}
|''C. mastinus'' {{small|Linnaeus, 1758}}
|''C. melitacus'' {{small|Gmelin, 1792}}
|''C. melitaeus'' {{small|Linnaeus, 1758}}
|''C. minor'' {{small|Gmelin, 1792}}
|''C. molossus'' {{small|Gmelin, 1792}}
|''C. mustelinus'' {{small|Linnaeus, 1758}}
|''C. obesus'' {{small|Gmelin, 1792}}
|''C. orientalis'' {{small|Gmelin, 1792}}
|''C. pacificus'' {{small|C. E. H. Smith, 1839}}
|''C. plancus'' {{small|Gmelin, 1792}}
|''C. pomeranus'' {{small|Gmelin, 1792}}
|''C. sagaces'' {{small|C. E. H. Smith, 1839}}
|''C. sanguinarius'' {{small|C. E. H. Smith, 1839}}
|''C. sagax'' {{small|Linnaeus, 1758}}
|''C. scoticus'' {{small|Gmelin, 1792}}
|''C. sibiricus'' {{small|Gmelin, 1792}}
|''C. suillus'' {{small|C. E. H. Smith, 1839}}
|''C. terraenovae'' {{small|C. E. H. Smith, 1839}}
|''C. terrarius'' {{small|C. E. H. Smith, 1839}}
|''C. turcicus'' {{small|Gmelin, 1792}}
|''C. urcani'' {{small|C. E. H. Smith, 1839}}
|''C. variegatus'' {{small|Gmelin, 1792}}
|''C. venaticus'' {{small|Gmelin, 1792}}
|''C. vertegus'' {{small|Gmelin, 1792}}
}}
}}
[[Fasciculus:Cave canem casa poeta tragico.JPG|thumb|"Cave canem": inscriptio [[Pompeii|Pompeiana]].]]
{{Ires|Canis lupus familiaris}},<ref>Wang et Tedford 2008: 1.</ref> vulgo {{Res|canis familiaris}}<ref>Alvares et al. 2019</ref><ref>Wang et Tedford 2008: 1.</ref> vel {{Res|canis}} tantum, est [[domitus|forma domestica]] ''[[Canis lupus|Canis lupi]],'' [[species (taxinomia)|speciei]] [[familia (taxinomia)|familiae]] [[Canidae|Canidarum]] [[ordo (taxinomia)|ordinis]] [[Carnivora|Carnivorum]], cuius proprietas est [[cauda]] recurvata. Canis ex [[exstinctio|exstincto]] [[lupus|lupo]] [[Pleistocaenum|Pleistocaenico]] deducitur,<ref name="Bergström2020">{{cite journal
	| title = Origins and genetic legacy of prehistoric dogs
	| year = [[2020]]
	| last1 = Bergström
	| first1 = Anders
	| last2 = Frantz
	| first2 = Laurent
	| last3 = Schmidt
	| first3 = Ryan
	| last4 = Ersmark
	| first4 = Erik
	| last5 = Lebrasseur
	| first5 = Ophelie
	| last6 = Girdland-Flink
	| first6 = Linus
	| last7 = Lin
	| first7 = Audrey T.
	| last8 = Storå
	| first8 = Jan
	| last9 = Sjögren
	| first9 = Karl-Göran
	| last10 = Anthony
	| first10 = David
	| last11 = Antipina
	| first11 = Ekaterina
	| last12 = Amiri
	| first12 = Sarieh
	| last13 = Bar-Oz
	| first13 = Guy
	| last14 = Bazaliiskii
	| first14 = Vladimir I.
	| last15 = Bulatović
	| first15 = Jelena
	| last16 = Brown
	| first16 = Dorcas
	| last17 = Carmagnini
	| first17 = Alberto
	| last18 = Davy
	| first18 = Tom
	| last19 = Fedorov
	| first19 = Sergey
	| last20 = Fiore
	| first20 = Ivana
	| last21 = Fulton
	| first21 = Deirdre
	| last22 = Germonpré
	| first22 = Mietje
	| last23 = Haile
	| first23 = James
	| last24 = Irving-Pease
	| first24 = Evan K.
	| last25 = Jamieson
	| first25 = Alexandra
	| last26 = Janssens
	| first26 = Luc
	| last27 = Kirillova
	| first27 = Irina
	| last28 = Horwitz
	| first28 = Liora Kolska
	| last29 = Kuzmanovic-Cvetković
	| first29 = Julka
	| last30 = Kuzmin
	| first30 = Yaroslav
	| last31 = Losey
	| first31 = Robert J.
	| last32 = Dizdar
	| first32 = Daria Ložnjak
	| last33 = Mashkour
	| first33 = Marjan
	| last34 = Novak
	| first34 = Mario
	| last35 = Onar
	| first35 = Vedat
	| last36 = Orton
	| first36 = David
	| last37 = Pasaric
	| first37 = Maja
	| last38 = Radivojevic
	| first38 = Miljana
	| last39 = Rajkovic
	| first39 = Dragana
	| last40 = Roberts
	| first40 = Benjamin
	| last41 = Ryan
	| first41 = Hannah
	| last42 = Sablin
	| first42 = Mikhail
	| last43 = Shidlovskiy
	| first43 = Fedor
	| last44 = Stojanovic
	| first44 = Ivana
	| last45 = Tagliacozzo
	| first45 = Antonio
	| last46 = Trantalidou
	| first46 = Katerina
	| last47 = Ullén
	| first47 = Inga
	| last48 = Villaluenga
	| first48 = Aritza
	| last49 = Wapnish
	| first49 = Paula
	| last50 = Dobney
	| first50 = Keith
	| last51 = Götherström
	| first51 = Anders
	| last52 = Linderholm
	| first52 = Anna
	| last53 = Dalén
	| first53 = Love
	| last54 = Pinhasi
	| first54 = Ron
	| last55 = Larson
	| first55 = Greger
	| last56 = Skoglund
	| first56 = Pontus
	| journal = Science
	| volume = 370
	| issue = 6516
	| pages = 557–564
	| pmid = 33122379
	| pmc = 7116352
	| s2cid = 225956269
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}}</ref><ref name="Frantz2020">{{cite journal
	| last1 = Frantz
	| first1 = Laurent A. F.
	| last2 = Bradley
	| first2 = Daniel G.
	| last3 = Larson
	| first3 = Greger
	| last4 = Orlando
	| first4 = Ludovic
	| title = Animal domestication in the era of ancient genomics
	| journal = Nature Reviews Genetics
	| date = [[Augustus|Augusto]] [[2020]]
	| volume = 21
	| issue = 8
	| pages = 449–460
	| doi = 10.1038/s41576-020-0225-0
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	| url-status = live
}}</ref> et lupus hodiernus est proximus cani cognatus vivus.<ref name="freedman2017">{{cite journal
	| pmid = 27912242
	| title = Deciphering the Origin of Dogs: From Fossils to Genomes
	| journal = Annual Review of Animal Biosciences
	| volume = 5
	| pages = 281–307
	| year = [[2017]]
	| last1 = Freedman
	| first1 = Adam H
	| last2 = Wayne
	| first2 = Robert K
	| s2cid = 26721918
	| doi = 10.1146/annurev-animal-022114-110937
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}}</ref> Canis prima [[species]] domesticata est,<ref name="larson2014">{{cite journal
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	| first1 = Greger
	| last2 = Bradley
	| first2 = Daniel G.
	| title = How Much Is That in Dog Years? The Advent of Canine Population Genomics
	| journal = PLOS Genetics
	| date = [[16 Ianuarii]] [[2014]]
	| volume = 10
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	| pages = e1004093
	| doi = 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004093
	| pmid = 24453989
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}}</ref><ref name=freedman2017/> a [[venatio et collectio|venatoribus collectoribusque]] abhinc annorum 15&thinsp;000,<ref name=Frantz2020/> ante [[agricultura]]m inventam.<ref name="Thalmann2018">{{cite book
	| chapter = Paleogenomic Inferences of Dog Domestication
	| title = Paleogenomics
	| pages = 273–306
	| series = Population Genomics
	| year = [[2018]]
	| last1 = Thalmann
	| first1 = Olaf
	| last2 = Perri
	| first2 = Angela R.
	| publisher = Springer, Cham
	| editor1-last = Lindqvist
	| editor1-first = C.
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	| editor2-first = O.
	| doi = 10.1007/13836_2018_27
	| isbn = 978-3-030-04752-8
}}</ref> Propter diutinam consvetudinem [[homo sapiens|hominis sapientis]] canis domesticus quidem multitudine et numero in affluentiam venit<ref name="Ostrander2019">{{cite journal
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	| last2 = Wang
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	| last3 = Larson
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	| first4 = Bridgett M
	| last5 = Davis
	| first5 = Brian W
	| last6 = Jagannathan
	| first6 = Vidhya
	| last7 = Hitte
	| first7 = Christophe
	| last8 = Wayne
	| first8 = Robert K
	| last9 = Zhang
	| first9 = Ya-Ping
	| last10 = André
	| first10 = Catherine
	| last11 = Axelsson
	| first11 = Erik
	| last12 = Boyko
	| first12 = Adam
	| last13 = Davis
	| first13 = Brian W
	| last14 = Forman
	| first14 = Oliver
	| last15 = Frantz
	| first15 = Laurent
	| last16 = Hitte
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	| last17 = Jagannathan
	| first17 = Vidhya
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	| first18 = Elinor
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	| first19 = Jeffrey
	| last20 = Larson
	| first20 = Greger
	| last21 = Leeb
	| first21 = Tosso
	| last22 = Lindblad-Toh
	| first22 = Kerstin
	| last23 = Lohi
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	| last24 = Lohmueller
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	| title = Dog10K: an international sequencing effort to advance studies of canine domestication, phenotypes and health
	| journal = National Science Review
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}}</ref> et patiens [[amylum|amyli]] est factus, qualis victus aliis [[canidae|canidis]] haud convenit.<ref name="axelssonetal2013">{{Cite journal|last1=Axelsson|first1=E.|last2=Ratnakumar|first2=A.|last3=Arendt|first3=M. L.|last4=Maqbool|first4=K.|last5=Webster|first5=M. T.|last6=Perloski|first6=M.|last7=Liberg|first7=O.|last8=Arnemo|first8=J. M.|last9=Hedhammar|first9=Å.|last10=Lindblad-Toh|first10=K.|year=[[2013]]|title=The genomic signature of dog domestication reveals adaptation to a starch-rich diet|url=https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/3c36614fb75e2daf348a7a26ac3974a3a230e9d2|journal=Nature|volume=495|issue=#7441|pages=360–64|bibcode=2013Natur.495..360A|doi=10.1038/nature11837|pmid=23354050|s2cid=4415412}}.</ref> 

[[Vocabulum]] ''canis'' varietates et feras et [[animal domesticum|domesticas]] designando complectitur. Canis domesticus est unus e latissime conservatis [[canis laborans|laborantibus]], [[venatio|venaticis]], et affabilibus animalibus in toto [[tellus|orbe terrarum]].

Canes cito facti sunt omnibus [[cultura|culturis]] accepti, et erant in primis hominis conventiculis pretiosissimi. Putatur [[migratio]] trans [[Fretum Beringianum]] fortasse nullo modo fieri potuisse sine [[Canis traharius|canibus trahariis]] ([[Anglice]] ''sled dogs''). Canes in variis partibus homines adjuvant, ut in [[canis venaticus|venatione]], [[Canis pastoralis Theodiscus|pascendo]], tutela, [[canis vigilans|opere vigilum et militum]], [[animal domesticum|sodalitate]], et ex brevi tempore [[canis ministrans|hominibus impeditis ministrando]].

Canes sunt [[animalia]] familiaria, comites hominum fideles, quibus fere licet eorum domos intrare. De canis [[Fidelitas|fidelitate]] [[Amicitia|amicitiaque]] fabulae abunde exstiterunt. Ceterum [[mores]] canum probant iis esse magnam intellegentiam. [[Intellegentia]] canum manifesta ostenditur in discendo ac problematibus solvendis. 

[[Odor|Olfactus]] caninus tricies quinquies tanto sagacior quam noster est; [[auris|aures]] autem caninae percipiunt [[sonus|sonos]] longe graviores aut acutiores quam quos homines possunt percipere.

== Quaedam [[seminium|varietates]] canum ==
* [[Avifer aureus]]
* [[Canis leporarius]]
* [[Canis pastoralis]]:
**[[Canis pastoralis Caucasicus]]
**[[Canis pastoralis Theodiscus]]
* [[Canis villosus]]<ref>[[Reijo Pitkäranta]], ''[[Suomi-latina-suomi-sanakirja|Suomi-latina-suomi-sanakirja: Lexicon Finnico-Latino-Finnicum]]'', sub voce ''villakoira'' (Helsinki 2002).</ref>
* [[Puggle]]
* [[Terrarius]]
* [[Tosa Inu]]

{{NexInt}}
* [[Animalium soni]]
* [[Cerberus]]
* [[Cynophobia]]
* [[Rabies]]

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* Brewer, Douglas J. [[2002]]/ ''Dogs in Antiquity: Anubis to Cerberus: The Origins of the Domestic Dog.'' Aris & Phillips. ISBN 0-85668-704-9.
* Coppinger, Raymond, et Lorna Coppinger. [[2002]]. ''Dogs: A New Understanding of Canine Origin, Behavior and Evolution.'' Sicagi: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-11563-1.
* Cunliffe, Juliette. [[2004]]. ''The Encyclopedia of Dog Breeds.'' Parragon Publishing. ISBN 0-7525-8276-3.
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== Notae ==
<references/>

== Nexus externi ==
{{CommuniaCat|Dogs|canes}}
{{Victionarium|Dogs|canes}}

[[Categoria:Animalia domesticata]]
[[Categoria:Canis|!]]
[[Categoria:Mammalia dilecta]]
[[Categoria:Necrophagi]]
[[Categoria:Species cosmopolitae]]
[[Categoria:Taxa Linnaei]]
[[Categoria:Taxa 1758]]
{{1000 paginae}}
{{Myrias|Biologia}}