Fontem paginae India inspicere

{{L}}
{{Capsa civitatis Vicidata}}
[[Fasciculus:India map mod.png|thumb|upright=0.8|[[Tabula geographica|Tabula]] Indiae.]]
'''India''' ({{pns|ae|f|India}}; [[Hindi]] भारत {{IAST|Bhārata}}), seu plenius '''Res Publica India''' (भारत गणराज्य {{IAST|Bhārata Gaṇarājya}}),<ref>–{{citation|title=The Essential Desk Reference |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yjcOAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA76|year=2002|publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-512873-4|page=76}} "Official name: Republic of India.";<br />–{{citation|author=John Da Graça|title=Heads of State and Government|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M0YfDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA421 |year=[[2017]]|publisher=Macmillan Publishers |location=Londinii |isbn=978-1-349-65771-1|page=421}} "Official name: Republic of India; Bharat Ganarajya (Hindi)";<br />–{{citation|author=Graham Rhind |title=Global Sourcebook of Address Data Management: A Guide to Address Formats and Data in 194 Countries |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iGdQDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA302|year=[[2017]]|publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=978-1-351-93326-1|page=302}} "Official name: Republic of India; Bharat.";<br />–{{citation|last=Bradnock|first=Robert W.|title=The Routledge Atlas of South Asian Affairs |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zzjbCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA108|year=2015|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-317-40511-5|page=108}} "Official name: English: Republic of India; Hindi:Bharat Ganarajya";<br />–{{citation|title=Penguin Compact Atlas of the World|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pLw-ReHIgvQC&pg=PA140|year=[[2012]]|publisher=Penguin Group |isbn=978-0-7566-9859-1|page=140}} "Official name: Republic of India";<br />–{{citation|title=Merriam-Webster's Geographical Dictionary |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Co_VIPIJerIC&pg=PA515|year=1997|isbn=978-0-87779-546-9 |edition=tertia |publisher=Merriam-Webster|pages=515–516}} "Officially, Republic of India";<br />–{{citation|title=Complete Atlas of the World: The Definitive View of the Earth |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O5moCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA54-IA10 |edition=3rd|year=[[2016]]|publisher=DK Publishing |isbn=978-1-4654-5528-4|page=54}} "Official name: Republic of India";<br />–{{citation|title=Worldwide Government Directory with Intergovernmental Organizations 2013|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CQWhAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA726|year= [[2013]]|publisher=CQ Press|isbn=978-1-4522-9937-2|page=726}} "India (Republic of India; Bharat Ganarajya)"</ref> est [[civitas sui iuris]] in [[Asia Meridiana]] sita, [[septem|septima]] mundi [[civitas]] quod ad [[superficies|superficiem]] pertinet, ad numerum civium ex Iunio anni [[2023]] prima,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Biswas |first=Soutik |date=[[1 Maii]] [[2023]] |title=Most populous nation: Should India rejoice or panic? |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-65322706 |access-date=[[3 Maii]] [[2023]] |website=[[BBC News]] |publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation}}.</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.un.org/development/desa/pd/sites/www.un.org.development.desa.pd/files/wpp2022_summary_of_results.pdf |title=World Population Prospects 2022: Summary of Results |publisher=United Nations Department of Social and Economic Affairs |year=[[2022]] |location=Novi Eboraci |pages=i}}.</ref> et ex anno [[1947]], tempore suae [[libertas|libertatis]] constitutae, frequentissima [[orbis terrarum]] [[democratia]].<ref>{{*Cf}} {{qc|id=Metcalf (2006)}}, p. 327: "Even though much remains to be done, especially in regard to eradicating poverty and securing effective structures of governance, India's achievements since independence in sustaining freedom and democracy have been singular among the world's new nations."</ref><ref name="stein-arnold">{{Citation |last=Stein |first=Burton |title=A History of India |year=[[2012]] |editor-last=Arnold |editor-first=David |series=The Blackwell History of the World Series |edition=2 |publisher=Wiley-Blackwell |quote=One of these is the idea of India as 'the world's largest democracy', but a democracy forged less by the creation of representative institutions and expanding electorate under British rule than by the endeavours of India's founding fathers—Gandhi, Nehru, Patel and Ambedkar—and the labours of the Constituent Assembly between 1946 and 1949, embodied in the Indian constitution of 1950. This democratic order, reinforced by the regular holding of nationwide elections and polling for the state assemblies, has, it can be argued, consistently underpinned a fundamentally democratic state structure—despite the anomaly of the Emergency and the apparent durability of the Gandhi-Nehru dynasty. |author-link=Burton Stein |editor-link=}}.</ref><ref>{{*Cf}} {{qc|id=Fisher (2018)}}, pp. 184–185: "Since 1947, India's internal disputes over its national identity, while periodically bitter and occasionally punctuated by violence, have been largely managed with remarkable and sustained commitment to national unity and democracy."</ref>

India, definita ab [[Oceanus Indicus|Oceano Indico]] in meridie, [[Mare Arabicum|Mari Arabico]] in occidente, et [[Sinus Bengaliensis|Sinu Bengaliensi]] in oriente, [[litus]] 7517 [[chiliometrum|chiliometrorum]] longum habet.<ref>Kumar et al. 2006.</ref> Attingit [[Pakistania]]m in [[occidens|occidente]]<ref>Secundum Indiae administrationem, India finem commune cum [[Afgania]] habet quia India putat totam civitatem [[Jammu et Casmiria]] ad Indiam pertinere.<!--A ceasefire sponsored by the [[Consociatio Nationum]] anno [[1948]] froze the positions of Indian and Pakistani-held territory; ergo regio quae Afganiam finit is in [[Pakistan-administered Kashmir]].--></ref>; [[Sinae (regio)|Sinas]] (provinciam Tibeticam), [[Nepalia]]m, et [[Butania]]m in [[septentrio]]nibus; et [[Bangladesha]]m et [[Birmania]]m in [[oriens|oriente]]. India est prope [[Sri Lanca]]m, [[Insulae Maldivae|Insulas Maldivas]], et [[Indonesia]]m in Oceano Indico.

Terra [[Civilizatio Vallis Indi|Civilizationis Vallis Indi]] et antiqua viarum [[merx|mercatoriarum]] et vastorum imperiorum [[regio]], [[subcontinens Indica]] diutissime agnitus est pro divitiis [[commercium|commercii]] et [[cultura]]e suorum (Oldenburg 2007). Quattuor maiores orbis terrarum [[religio]]nes—[[Hinduismus]], [[Buddhismus]], [[Iainismus]], et [[Sikhismus]]—in India ortae sunt, cum [[Zoroastrianismus]], [[Iudaismus]], [[Christianitas]], et [[Islam]] primo millennio advenirent et culturam regionis commutarent. Paulatim a {{Creanda|en|Company rule in India|Societas Britannica Indiae Orientalis|Societate Britannica Indiae Orientalis}} adiuncta a [[saeculum 18|saeculo duodevicensimo]] ineunte et [[colonialismus|colonizata]] a [[Regnum Britanniarum|Regno Britanniarum]] a medio [[saeculum 19|saeculo undevicensimo]] India facta est [[libertas|civitas libera]] anno [[1947]] post [[certamen pro libertate Indica|certamen pro libertate]], quod a longe lateque diffusa [[recusatio non violenta|recusatione non violenta]] designatum est.

India ex [[1950]] est [[respublica foederalis]], quae in [[Civitates et territoria Indiae|viginti octo civitatibus et septem territoriis]] sub [[Democratia parlamentaria|parlamentaria democratiae systemate]] consistit. Maximarum mundi oeconomiarum eius [[oeconomia]] est [[duodecim]]a rationibus {{Creanda|en|Market exchange|Permutatio mercatoria|permutationibus mercatoriis}} et quarta potestate {{Creanda|en|Purchasing power|potentia emptionis}}. [[Oeconomia|Oeconomicis]] post [[1991]] correctionibus effectum est, ut una ex eis, quae quam celerrime creverunt, mundi [[civitas|civitatibus]] exstitisset. Adhuc autem restant extrema [[paupertas]],<ref>[http://www.planningcommission.gov.in/news/prmar07.pdf Poverty estimates for 2004-05], Planning commission, [[Administratio Indiae]], Martio 2007. Accessum [[25 Augusti]] [[2007]].</ref> legendi scribendique imperitia, [[fames]]. Etiam [[religio]]num, [[lingua]]rum, [[gens|gentium]] multitudo [[societas hominum|societatis]] Indicae est. Terram [[habitatio|habitant]] multae ferae in variis [[tutelaria Indiae reservata|reservatis tutelaribus]].

== Nomina ==
[[Nomen proprium|Nomen]] ''India'' de ''[[Indus|Indo Flumine]]'' deducitur, quod de verbo [[Lingua Persica Antiqua]] ''[[Hindu]]'' deducitur, ex verbo [[Lingua Sanscritica|Sanscritico]] सिन्धु ''Sindhu,'' antiqua Indi [[flumen|fluminis]] appellatione.<ref>"India," ''Oxford English Dictionary'', ed. altera (Oxoniae: Oxford University Press).</ref> A [[Graecia|Graecis]] antiquis incolae Indoe (Ινδοί) appellabantur, ut qui diceret "populus Indi fluminis",<ref name="basham">{{cite book |first=A. L. |last=Basham |title=The Wonder That Was India |publisher=South Asia Books |year=[[2000]] |isbn=0283992573}}.</ref> unde Latine "[[Indi]]". [[Constitutio Indiae]] et usitati in variis subcontinentis linguis mores agnoscunt ''Bharat'' (/ˈbʱɑːrʌt̪/) quoque ut [[lingua publica|publicum statús aequalis]] nomen.<ref>{{cite web| title=Official name of the Union|url=http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/fullact1.asp?tfnm=00%201|work=Courts Informatics Division, National Informatics Centre, Ministry of Comm. and Information Tech
|quote=Name and territory of the Union- India, that is Bharat, shall be a Union of States.|accessdate=8 August 2007}}.</ref> ''Bharat'' de nomine fictici [[Bharata (imperator)|Bharatae]] regis in [[mythologia Indica]] deducitur. Nomen hodiernum ''{{Creanda|en|Hindustan|Hindustania}},'' priscum [[vocabulum]] [[lingua Persica|Persicum]] pro 'Terra Indorum', solum ad {{Creanda|en|North India|India Septentrionalis|Indiam Septentrionalem}} recte attinens, aliquando [[synonymum]] pro omni India adhibetur.<ref>{{cite web|title=Hindustan|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/266465/Hindustan|publisher=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]], Inc.|year=[[2007]]}}.</ref>

== Historia antiqua==
Abhinc annorum 55&thinsp;000 fere, [[homo sapiens|homines sapientes]], primi [[homo|homines]] hodierni, in [[continens|subcontinentem]] Indicam ex [[Africa]] adveniebant, ubi se antea evolverant.<ref name="Dyson2018">{{citation|last=Dyson|first=Tim |title=A Population History of India: From the First Modern People to the Present Day|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3TRtDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA1|year=[[2018]] |location = Oxoniae | publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-882905-8|page=1}} Quote: "Modern human beings—''Homo sapiens''—originated in Africa. Then, intermittently, sometime between 60,000 and 80,000 years ago, tiny groups of them began to enter the north-west of the Indian subcontinent. It seems likely that initially they came by way of the coast. . . . it is virtually certain that there were ''Homo sapiens'' in the subcontinent 55,000 years ago, even though the earliest fossils that have been found of them date to only about 30,000 years before the present. (page 1)."</ref><ref name="PetragliaAllchin">{{cite book |author1=Michael D. Petraglia |author2=Bridget Allchin |author-link2= |title=The Evolution and History of Human Populations in South Asia: Inter-disciplinary Studies in Archaeology, Biological Anthropology, Linguistics and Genetics |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Qm9GfjNlnRwC&pg=PA10#v=onepage |publisher=Springer Science + Business Media |page=6 |isbn=978-1-4020-5562-1|date=[[22 Maii]] [[2007]] }} Quote: "Y-Chromosome and Mt-DNA data support the colonization of South Asia by modern humans originating in Africa. . . . Coalescence dates for most non-European populations average to between 73–55 ka."</ref><ref>{{*Cf}} {{qc|id=Fisher (2018)}}, p. 23: "Scholars estimate that the first successful expansion of the ''Homo sapiens'' range beyond Africa and across the Arabian Peninsula occurred from as early as 80,000 years ago to as late as 40,000 years ago, although there may have been prior unsuccessful emigrations. Some of their descendants extended the human range ever further in each generation, spreading into each habitable land they encountered. One human channel was along the warm and productive coastal lands of the Persian Gulf and northern Indian Ocean. Eventually, various bands entered India between 75,000 years ago and 35,000 years ago."</ref> Prima hominum hodiernorum reliquia nota in [[Asia Meridiana]] ex [[aevum|aevo]] abhinc annorum 30&thinsp;000 fere exstant.<ref>Petraglia et Allchin 2007: 6.</ref> Post annum 6500 a.C.n. fere, indicia [[fruges|frugum]] [[animalia|animaliumque]] [[domitus|domitorum]], structurarum perpetuarum [[aedificium|aedificatarum]], et residuorum [[agricultura]]lium reconditorum in [[Mehrgarh]] aliisque locis in [[regio]]ne nunc [[Balochistania]] appellata apparere incipiebant.<ref>Coningham et Young 2015: 104–105.</ref> Quae [[cultura]] in [[Civilizatio Vallis Indicae|Civilizationem Vallis Indicae]] gradatim mutata est,<ref>Kulke et Rothermund 2004: 21–23.</ref><ref>Coningham et Young 2015: 104–105.</ref> primam [[cultura]]m [[urbs|urbanam]] in Asia Meridiana,<ref>Singh 2009: 181.</ref> quae ab anno [[2500 a.C.n.|2500]] ad annum [[1900 a.C.n.]] [[floruit]] in [[regio]]ne nunc [[Pakistania]] et India occidentali appellata.<ref>Posseh 2003: 2.</ref> Quae [[civilizatio]], in [[Mohenjo-daro]], [[Harappa]], [[Dholavira]], [[Kalibangan]], aliisque [[urbs|urbibus]] condita, atque variis subsistentiae generibus innitens, fabricam [[ars|artificiorum]] et [[commercium]] porrectum vehementer suscepit.<ref>Singh 2009: 181.</ref>

Antiquissima [[religio]]num mundi a multis habetur [[Religio Induica]], quae in India ab [[millennium 3 a.C.n.|anno 3000 a.C.n.]] vel multis annis ante orta est. In India etiam [[saeculum 6 a.C.n.|sexto saeculo a.C.n.]] duae notissimae religiones conditae sunt, videlicet [[Buddhismus]] et [[Iainismus]]. Huic nonnulli obsequuntur, sed ille nunc in India desuetus est. Post [[saeculum 8|octavum saeculum]], multi homines Indici, praecipue in India septentrionali, religionem [[Islam]]icam acceperunt, quia [[natio]]nes Islamicae ex [[Cultura Occidentalis|terris Occidentalibus]] oppugnantes multum [[subcontinens|subcontinentis]] vicerunt.

India 193 annos fuit [[colonia]] Britanniarum Regni, ab [[1754]] ([[Bellum Plasseyense]]) ad mensem Augusti 1947; quo tempore Unio Indiae et civitas Pakistania creatae sunt e priori territorio Indico. Anno [[1950]], India [[res publica]] rite facta est.

== Legifer{{dubsig}} ==
Corpus legiferum Indiae est [[Parlamentum]], quod duo cameras habet: [[Concilium Civitatum]] et [[Camera Populi|Cameram Populi]]. Parlamentum singulis quinque annis eligitur. 

Concilium Civitatum consiliarii in 250 sociis constitit, a legiferi civitatibus eliguntur. Concilium Civitatum camera superior est et potentiam habet rogationes e camera inferiori reiicere.

Camera inferior Camera Populi est, cuius membra a populo Indiae eliguntur a suffragiorum pluralitate. Camera Populi quoque quattuor membra Indi Angliae habet, numerum membrorum 545 significat. [[Primus minister]] a Camera Populi est.{{dubsig}}

{| class="wikitable floatright borderless"
|+ Gentica Symbola Rei Publicae Indiae<!-- National symbols of the Republic of India (Official)-->
|-
! '''Genticum animal'''
| 
| [[Fasciculus:2005-bandipur-tusker.jpg|50px]]
|-
! '''Gentica avis'''
| 
| [[Fasciculus:Pavo muticus (Tierpark Berlin) - 1017-899-(118).jpg|50px]]
|-
! '''Gentica arbor'''
| 
| [[Fasciculus:Banyan tree on the banks of Khadakwasla Dam.jpg|50px]]
|-
! '''Genticus flos'''
| 
| [[Fasciculus:Sacred lotus Nelumbo nucifera.jpg|50px]]
|-
! '''Geniticum hereditatis animal'''
| 
| [[Fasciculus:Panthera tigris.jpg|50px]]
|-
! '''Genticum aquaticum marinum animal mammalis'''
| 
| [[Fasciculus:PlatanistaHardwicke.jpg|50px]]
|-
! '''Genticum reptilium'''
| 
| [[Fasciculus:King-Cobra.jpg|50px]]
|-
! '''Genticum hereditatis animal mammalis'''
| 
| [[Fasciculus:Hanuman Langur.jpg|50px]]
|-
! '''Genticus fructus'''
|
| [[Fasciculus:An Unripe Mango Of Ratnagiri (India).JPG|50px]]
|-
! '''Genticum templum'''
| 
| [[Fasciculus:New Delhi Temple.jpg|50px]]
|-
! '''Genticum flumen'''
| 
| [[Fasciculus:River Ganges.JPG|50px]]
|-
! '''Genticus mons'''
| 
| [[Fasciculus:Nanda Devi 2006.JPG|50px]]
|-
|}

== Partes administrativae ==
{{div col|2}}
* Regio Australis
** [[Carnatica]]
** [[Coromandela]]
** [[Andhra Pradesh]]
** [[Telangana]]
** [[Malabaria]]
** [[Lakshadweep]] 
** [[Puducherry (Unionis Terra)|Puducherry]]
* Regio Occidentalis
** [[Maharashtra]]
** [[Goa]]
** [[Rajasthan]]
** [[Gujarat]]
* Regio Borealis
** [[Jammu et Kashmir]]
** [[Daman et Diu]] 
** [[Dadra et Nagar Haveli]]
** [[Himachal Pradesh]]
** [[Uttar Pradesh]]
** [[Punjab (India)|Punjab]]
** [[Uttarakhand]]
** [[Haryana]] 
** [[Chhattisgarh]]
** [[Dellium Novum]]
* Regio Media
** [[Madhya Pradesh]]
* Regio Orientalis
** [[Bengala Occidentalis]]
** [[Orissa]]
** [[Bihar]]
** [[Chhattisgarh]]
** [[Jharkhand]] 
** [[Insulae Andamanenses et Nicobarenses]]
* Regio Boreorientalis
** [[Tripura]]
** [[Meghalaya]]
** [[Nagaland]] 
** [[Assam]]
** [[Arunachal Pradesh]]
** [[Sikkim]]
** [[Manipur]]
** [[Mizoram]]
{{div col end}}

== Flumina ==
{{div col|2}}
* [[Caveri]]
* [[Crisna (flumen)|Crisna]]
* [[Ganges]]
* [[Iamuna]]
* [[Indus]]
* [[Brahmaputra]]
* [[Nerbuda]]
{{div col end}}

== Urbes maiores ==
{{Main|Index urbium Indiae}}
{{div col|3}}
* [[Agra (India)|Agra]] 
* [[Bengalurus]]
* [[Bombaya]]
* [[Collicuthia]]
* [[Dellium Novum]]
* [[Goa]]
* [[Hyderabad]]
* [[Jaipur]]
* [[Lakhnau]]
* [[Madraspolis]]
* [[Varanasi]]
{{div col end}}

== Homines notissimi ==
{{div col|3}}
;Regentes
* [[Akbar (imperator)|Akbar]]
* [[Asokus]]
* [[Candragupta Maurya]]
* [[Indira Gandhi]]
* [[Jawaharlal Nehru]]
* [[Rajiv Gandhi]]
;Alii
* [[Gautama Buddha]]
* [[Guru Nanak]]
* [[Mahatma Gandhi]]
* [[Mater Teresa]]
* [[Rabindranath Tagore]]
* [[Sankara]]
{{div col end}}

== Pinacotheca ==
<gallery>
Fasciculus:Indischer Maler des 6. Jahrhunderts 001.jpg|[[Pictura]]e in [[Cavernae Ajanta|Cavernis Ajanta]] in [[Aurangabad (Maharashtra)|Aurangabad]] [[Maharashtra]]e, [[saeculum 6|saeculo sexto]] pictae
Fasciculus:Rabindranath Tagore in 1909.jpg|[[Rabindranath Thakur]]<!--Literaturnobelpreisträger von 1913-->
Fasciculus:Nehru Gandhi 1937.jpg|[[Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi|Mahatma Gandhi]] (dextra) cum [[Jawaharlal Nehru]] anno [[1937]] conloquitur, qui postea (anno 1947) creatus est primus Indiae [[primus minister]].
Fasciculus:Sanchi2.jpg|Grandis [[stupa]] in Sanchi ([[Madhya Pradesh]])
Fasciculus:Wheel of Konark, Orissa, India.JPG|Templum [[Sol]]is in Konark ([[Orissa]])
Fasciculus:St Paul's Cathedral, Kolkata.jpg|Ecclesia cathedralis [[Paulus Tarsensis|Sancti Pauli]] [[Colcata]]e [[Aevum Victorianum|Aevo Victoriano]] aedificata
Fasciculus:Lotus Temple in New Delhi 03-2016.jpg|Templum ''[[Nelumbo nucifera|Nelumbonis nuciferae]]'' [[Novum Dellium|Novi Dellii]] situm
Fasciculus:Ptolemy_Asia_detail.jpg|Charta [[Claudius Ptolemaeus|Ptolemaei]]
</gallery>

{{NexInt}}
* [[Bibliotheca Nationalis Indiae]]
* [[Buddhismus]]
* [[Cheenu Pillai]]
* [[Christianismus in India]]
* [[Index linguarum sollemnium Indiae]]
* [[Instituta Technologiae Indica]]
* [[Litterae Indiae]]
* [[Mare Andamanense]]

== Notae ==
<references/>

== Bibliographia ==
<div class="references-small">

;Generalia
* ''A Handbook for Travellers in India, Burma, and Ceylon''. Ed. octava. Londinii: John Murray, 1911 [http://archive.org/details/handbooktravelle00john Textus apud archive.org]
* Hansen, Sven, ed. [[2010]]. ''Indien: Die barfüßige Großmacht.'' Edition Le Monde Diplomatique, 7. Berolini. ISBN 978-3-937683-27-0.
* Hauff, Michael von, ed. [[2008]]. ''Indien: Herausforderungen und Perspektiven.'' Marburgi. ISBN 978-3-89518-720-9.
* Kumar, V. Sanil; K. C. Pathak, P. Pednekar, N. S. N. Raju. [[2006]]. "Coastal processes along the Indian coastline." ''Current Science'' 91(4):530–536. [http://drs.nio.org/drs/bitstream/2264/350/1/Curr_Sci_91_530.pdf versio interretialis (pdf) apud drs.nio.org].
* Oldenburg, Phillip. [[2007]]. "India: History." In ''Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia'' [https://web.archive.org/web/20090411143533/http://encarta.msn.com/ 2007].
* Paulinus a Sancto Bartholomaeo, ''India Orientalis Christiana'' [http://books.google.de/books?id=uwMQAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA219&lpg=PA219&dq=societas+Batava+Indiae+orientalis&source=web&ots=A1a0uJhuot&sig=7oMStfq-xhpg1Am_D860w1UQ2Rs&hl=de Textus apud Google Books]
* Voll, Klaus, et Doreen Beierlein. [[2006]]. ''Rising India: Europe´s partner?'' Berolini: Weißensee Verlag. ISBN 978-3-89998-098-1.

;Historia
* Basham, Arthur L. [[2009]]. ''El prodigio que fue India.'' Valentiae: Pre-Textos. ISBN 978-84-8191-950-9.
* Brown, Judith M. [[1994]] ''Modern India: The Origins of an Asian Democracy.'' Oxoniae et Novi Eboraci" Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-873113-2.
* Guha, Ramchandra. [[2007]] ''India after Gandhi: The History of the World's Largest Democracy''. Picador. ISBN 978-0-330-39610-3.
* Kulke, Hermann, et Dietmar Rothermund. [[2004]] ''A History of India.'' ed. 4a. Routledge. ISBN 0-415-32920-5.
* {{ec|id=Metcalf (2006)|c=Metcalf, Barbara, et Thomas R. Metcalf. [[2006]]. ''A Concise History of Modern India.'' Cambridge Concise Histories. Cantabrigiae et Novi Eboraci: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-68225-8.}}
* Spear, Percival. [[1990]]. ''A History of India.'' Vol. 2. Novi Dellii et Londinii: Penguin Books ISBN 0-14-013836-6.
* Stein, Burton. [[2001]]. ''A History of India.'' Oxoniae et Novi Dellii: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-565446-3.
* Thapar, Romila. [[1990]]. ''A History of India.'' Vol. 1. Novi Dellii et Londinii: Penguin Books ISBN 0-14-013835-8.
* Wolpert, Stanley. [[2003]]. ''A New History of India.'' Oxoniae et Novi Eboraci: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-516678-7.

;Geographia
* Dikshit, K. R., et Joseph E. Schwartzberg. [[2009]]. [http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/285248/India|fechaacceso India: The Land.] In ''Encyclopædia Britannica.'' 
* Gubernatio Indiae. [[2007]]. ''India Yearbook 2007.'' Divisio Publicationes, Ministerium Informationis Transmissiones. ISBN 81-230-1423-6.
* Heitzman, J., et R. L. Worden. [[1996]]. ''India: A Country Study.'' Vasingtonae: Bibliotheca Congressi CFA. ISBN 0-8444-0833-6.
* Posey, C. A. [[1994]]. ''The Living Earth Book of Wind and Weather.'' Reader's Digest Association. ISBN 0-89577-625-1.

;Flora et fauna
* Ali, Salim, et S. Dillon Ripley. [[1995]]. ''A Pictorial Guide to the Birds of the Indian Subcontinent.'' Mumbai: Bombay Natural History Society et Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-563732-1.
* {{ec
	| id = Fisher (2018)
	| c = {{cite book
		| last = Fisher
		| first = Michael H.
		| title = An Environmental History of India: From Earliest Times to the Twenty-First Century
		| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=kZVuDwAAQBAJ
		| year = 2018
		| publisher = Cambridge University Press
		| isbn = 978-1-107-11162-2
	}}
}}

;Cultura
* Dissanayake, Wimal K., et Moti Gokulsing. [[2004]]. ''Indian Popular Cinema: A Narrative of Cultural Change.'' Trentham Books. ISBN 1-85856-329-1.
* Vilanilam, John V. [[2005]]. ''Mass Communication in India: A Sociological Perspective.'' Sage Publications. ISBN 0-7619-3372-7.
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== Nexus externi ==
{{Vicivia|India}}

{{Asia}}
{{Consortio Populorum}}
{{Capsae collectae|India|politica|{{Praesides Indiae}}{{Primi ministri Indiae}}{{Ministri rerum externarum Indici}}}}
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[[Categoria:Civitates sui iuris]]
[[Categoria:Condita 1947]]
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