Caliak sumber untuak Palabuahan udaro Tenzing–Hillary

{{Infobox airport
| name         = Palabuahan udaro Tenzing–Hillary
| nativename   = {{lang|ne|तेन्जिङ हिलारी विमानस्थल}}
| image        = Lukla Airport April 2010.JPG
| IATA         = LUA
| ICAO         = VNLK
| type         = Publik
| owner        = 
| operator     = 
| city-served  = [[Lukla]], [[Nepal]]
| location     = <!--if different than above-->
| elevation-f  = 9334
| elevation-m  = 2845
| coordinates  = {{coord|27|41|16|N|086|43|53|E|region:NP|display=inline,title}}
| website      = 
| pushpin_map            = Nepal
| pushpin_mapsize        =
| pushpin_map_alt        =
| pushpin_map_caption    = Lokasi palabuahan udaro di Nepal
| pushpin_relief         =
|focus_city              = {{plainlist|
* [[Air Dynasty]]
}}
| pushpin_image          =
| pushpin_label          = LUA
| pushpin_label_position =
| pushpin_mark           =
| pushpin_marksize       =
| metric-rwy   = y
| r1-number    = 06/24
| r1-length-m  = 527
| r1-length-f  = 1729
| r1-surface   = [[Aspal]]
| footnotes    = Source:<ref name="CAAN"/><ref name="GCM">{{GCM|VNLK|Lukla, Nepal – Tenzing–Hillary Airport (VNLK / LUA)}}</ref>
}}
'''Palabuahan udaro Tenzing–Hillary''' {{airport codes|LUA|VNLK}}, disabuik juo '''palabuahan udaro Lukla''', adolah ciek palabuahan udaro ketek nan barado di kota Lukla, di Khumbu, Distrik Solukhumbu, Provinsi No. 1, Nepal timur. Manuruik program televisi ''Most Extreme Airports'', nan ditayangkan pado ''The History Channel'' taun 2010, palabuahan udaro ko alah dianggap sabagai nan paliang babahayo di saluruah dunia salamo 20 taun.<ref name="Most Extreme Airports 2010">{{cite episode|title=Most Extreme Airports|series=History Specials|publisher=[[History (U.S. TV channel)|The History Channel]]|date=26 August 2010|season=1|number=104}}</ref>

Palabuahan udaro ko tanamo dek karano Lukla adolah tampek di ma kabanyakan urang maawali mandaki manuju Pangkalan Dasa Gunuang Everest (''Everest Base Camp''). Tadapek panabangan arian antaro Lukla jo Kathmandu salamo siang ari ko cuaca elok. Walaupun jarak panabangannyo pendek sajo, ujan biasanyo tajadi di Lukla sadang matoari basinar tarang di Kathmandu. Angin kancang, kabuik, jo parubahan jarak pandang dapek mambuek panabangan ditunda atau palabuahan udaro ditutuik. Palabuahan udaro ko bakuliliang jo paga nan dirantai sarato diawasi dek pulisi basinjato atau pulisi sipil Nepal satiok wakatu.

== Sijarah ==
Palabuahan udaro ko dibangun pado taun 1964 di bawah pangawasan Edmund Hillary, nan awanyo barancano mambuek palabuahan udaro di tanah patanian nan data. Namun para patani satampek indak nio maagiah tanahnyo, inggo palabuahan udaro ko tapaso dibangun di tampeknyo nan kini. Hillary mambali tanah dari urang-urang Sherpa satampek jo arago $USD 2650 sarato maajak urang-urang tu mambangun fasilitas palabuahan udaro ko.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.de/books?id=Mlp5AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA49&lpg=PA49&dq=edmund+hillary+2650&source=bl&ots=wxz2Zmd0LP&sig=1l5XYoIW_alvVvb46Bu7t-2Hus8&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjd1-fk9JrXAhXnNpoKHYCOB7IQ6AEIWzAI#v=onepage&q=edmund%20hillary%202650&f=false|title=Inspirisani trenutkom: put za Everest bazni kamp|last=Ibišbegović|first=Denis|last2=Vesić|first2=Zoran|last3=Dikić|first3=Nenad|date=2012|publisher=Nenad Dikić|location=Belgrade|pages=49–50|access-date=30 October 2017}}</ref> Dicaritoan baso Hillary indak sanang jo katahanan tanah di landasan pacu, dek itu inyo mambali arak lokal untuak para Sherpa lalu mamintak kasadonyo untuak manari maantak-antak di ateh tanah nan kudian manjadi landasan pacu tu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thehimalayantimes.com/nepal/nepal-quake-tough-test-for-worlds-most-dangerous-airport/|title=Nepal quake tough test for ‘world’s most dangerous airport’|publisher=The Himalayan Times|access-date=30 October 2017}}</ref> Landasan pacu tu indak baaspal inggo taun 2001.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cntraveler.com/stories/2016-04-12/this-is-the-worlds-most-dangerous-airport|title=This Is the World's Most Dangerous Airport|publisher=CN Traveler|access-date=30 October 2017}}</ref>

Pado bulan Januari 2008, palabuahan udaro ko diubah namonyo jadi namo nan kini untuak maoromaiki Sherpa Tenzing Norgay jo Sir Edmund Hillary, urang-urang patamo nan barasia mancapi puncak Gunuang Everest sarato usaonyo dalam mambangun palabuahan udaro ko.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2008/01/15/asia/AS-GEN-Nepal-Hillary-Tribute.php|title=Nepal to name Everest airport after Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay|date=15 January 2008|website=International Herald Tribune|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080212062042/http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2008/01/15/asia/AS-GEN-Nepal-Hillary-Tribute.php|archive-date=12 February 2008|access-date=27 April 2010}}</ref>

== Fasilitas ==
[[File:Landing_and_taking_off_at_the_most_dangerous_airport_in_the_world.webm|jmpl|Landing and taking off at Tenzing–Hillary Airport.]]
Landasan pacu baaspal palabuahan udaro ko anyo dapek dipakai jo helikopter sarato kapa tabang ketek basayok tatap nan dapek tingga-landas di landasan pacu nan pendek, sarupo De Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter, Dornier Do 228, L-410 Turbolet, jo Pilatus PC-6 Turbo Porter. Laweh landasan pacunyo 527{{convert|527|m|ft|abbr=on}} × 30{{convert|30|m|ft|abbr=on}} jo kamiringannyo 11.7% gradien.<ref name="CAAN">{{Cite web|url=http://www.caanepal.org.np/Notices/tiaip/National%20Airports%20Plan%20-%20Diagnosis.pdf|title=NATIONAL AIRPORTS PLAN Current Situation and Diagnostic|publisher=[[Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal]]|access-date=7 March 2015|archive-date=2 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402121225/http://www.caanepal.org.np/Notices/tiaip/National%20Airports%20Plan%20-%20Diagnosis.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Latak katinggian palabuahan udaronyo 9,334{{convert|9334|ft|abbr=on}}. Palabuahan udaro ko indak anyo untuak panumpang, tapi untuak maanta sabagian gadang bahan bangunan jo kargo ka kota ko, di ma ampia saluruah atok rumah-rumah di Lukla aruih dikirim jo kapa tabang.

Palabuahan udaro Tenzing–Hillary Airport acok disabuik  ''badar udara paliang babahayo di saluruah dunia''. Kadatangan jo kabarangkekan aruih malalui landasan pacu nan itu juo. Ketek kamungkinan kapa tabang dapek naiak lai untuak baputa baliak kok talalu pendek jarak mandarek, dek kaadoan bagunuang-gunuang di sakitanyo. Tadapek lereng tinggi tapek di ujuang utara landasan, sarato ngarai di ujuang salatannyo nan curam manurun ka lambah di bawahnyo.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://abrotherabroad.com/why-is-the-lukla-airport-considered-the-most-dangerous-airport-in-the-world|title=Why Is Lukla Airport the Most Dangerous Airport in the World?|last=<!--Not stated-->|date=February 27, 2018}}</ref>

Dek tingginya kasulitan untuak pandaratan nan sukses di palabuahan udaro ko, Otoritas Panabangan Sipil Nepal manatapan standar nan tinggi, inggo anyo para panabang bapangalam nan saindaknyo panah 100 kali mandarat jo tingga landas di landasan pendek (''short-takeoff-and-landing'', STOL), sarato labih dari sataun bapangalaman STOL di Nepal jo manyalasaian sapuluah misi ka Lukla basamo panabang lain nan basertipikat, nan buliah mendapek izin mandarek di palabuahan udaro ko.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://flightsafetycaan.org.np/uploads/files/_1373041241.pdf|title=Flight Operations Requirements Aeroplane (Appendix 9)|publisher=Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal|access-date=30 October 2017|archive-date=3 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160803142400/http://flightsafetycaan.org.np/uploads/files/_1373041241.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://avherald.com/h?article=42a54080|title=Incident: Nepal Airlines DHC6 at Solukhumbu on Apr 19th 2010, hard landing|publisher=The Aviation Herald|access-date=30 October 2017}}</ref>

== Panabangan dan tujuan ==
[[Berkas:DO 228 Tara Air.jpg|jmpl|Tara Air Do 228 di Palabuahan udaro Tenzing–Hillary]]
{{Airport-dest-list
|[[Nepal Airlines]] | [[Tribhuvan International Airport|Kathmandu]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Domestic Schedule |url=http://www.nepalairlines.com.np/home/schedule/domestic |publisher=Nepal Airlines |accessdate=1 October 2018}}</ref>
|[[Sita Air]] | [[Tribhuvan International Airport|Kathmandu]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Flight Schedule|url=http://sitaair.com.np/flight-schedule/|publisher=Sita Air|accessdate=1 May 2018}}</ref>
|[[Summit Air (Nepal)|Summit Air]] | [[Tribhuvan International Airport|Kathmandu]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Flight Schedule|url=https://summitair.com.np/flightschedule|publisher=Summit Air|accessdate=1 October 2018|archive-date=1 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401180841/https://summitair.com.np/flightschedule|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
|[[Tara Air]] | [[Tribhuvan International Airport|Kathmandu]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Flight Schedule |url=http://www.taraair.com/page/flight-schedule |publisher=Tara Air |accessdate=1 October 2018 |archive-date=6 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171006012230/http://www.taraair.com/page/flight-schedule |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
}}

== Statistik ==

=== Jumalah panumpang ===
{| align="center" class="wikitable" style="text-align: right; width: 200px; margin-bottom: 10px;"
!Taun
!Panompang<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.caanepal.org.np/publication/CivilAviationLayoutReport_2010.pdf|title=Civil Aviation Report 2009-2010|publisher=Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal|access-date=1 June 2018|archive-date=29 September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110929230914/https://www.caanepal.org.np/publication/CivilAviationLayoutReport_2010.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.caanepal.org.np/publication/CaanReport2011-2012.pdf|title=Civil Aviation Report 2011-2012|publisher=Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal|access-date=1 June 2018|archive-date=1 November 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121101110129/https://www.caanepal.org.np/publication/CaanReport2011-2012.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.caanepal.org.np/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/Final-Report-2017.pdf|title=Civil Aviation Report 2017|publisher=Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal|access-date=1 June 2018|archive-date=18 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180618102551/https://www.caanepal.org.np/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/Final-Report-2017.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
|-
!2003
|70,959
|-
!2004
|{{increase}} 71,422
|-
!2005
|{{decrease}} 53,943
|-
!2006
|{{increase}} 61,992
|-
!2007
|{{increase}} 80,733
|-
!2008
|{{increase}} 92,172
|-
!2009
|{{decrease}} 88,881
|-
!2010
|{{increase}} 92,011
|-
!2011
|{{increase}} 93,292
|-
!2012
|{{increase}} 97,394
|-
!2013
|{{decrease}} 85,179
|-
!2014
|{{increase}} 87,490
|-
!2015
|{{decrease}} 81,174
|-
!2016
|{{increase}} 119,801
|}

== Kacilakoan jo kajadian ==

* Pado 15 Oktober 1973, kapa tabang Royal Nepal Airlines DHC-6 Twin Otter 300 (registrasi 9N-ABG) rusak indak dapek dibatuaan lai kutiko mandarek. Tigo kru jo tigo panompang indak taluko.<ref name="Aviation Safety Network">[http://aviation-safety.net/database/dblist.php?sorteer=datekey_desc&kind=%&cat=%&page=1&field=Operatorkey&var=5478 Aviation Safety Network] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100214174903/http://aviation-safety.net/database/dblist.php?sorteer=datekey_desc&kind=%&cat=%&page=1&field=Operatorkey&var=5478 |date=2010-02-14 }}. Retrieved 18 November 2006.</ref>
* Pado 9 Juni 1991, kapa tabang Royal Nepal Airlines DHC-6 Twin Otter 300 (registrasi 9N-ABA) dari Kathmandu tahampeh di palabuahan udaro kutiko mancubo mandarek salapeh bagoyang-goyang kutiko andak mandarek ditangah cuaca buruak. Tigo kru jo ampek baleh panompang salamaik jo luko-luko.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19910609-0|title=ASN Aircraft accident de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter 300 9N-ABA Lukla Airport (LUA)|access-date=23 June 2011|archive-date=20 October 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111020005309/http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19910609-0|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
* Pado 26 September 1992, kapa tabang Royal Air Nepal Harbin Yunshuji Y-12-II (registrasi 9N-ACI) tapalantiang kutiko ka tingga landas inggo rusak indak dapek dipeloki lai. Kaduobaleh panompang jo duo kru salamaik.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19920926-0|title=ASN Aircraft accident Harbin Yunshuji Y-12-II 9N-ACI Lukla Airport (LUA)|date=26 September 1992|publisher=Aviation-safety.net|access-date=9 February 2012|archive-date=25 December 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111225225746/http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19920926-0|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
* Pado 25 Mai 2004, kutiko andak manuju ka palabuahan udaro ko, kapa tabang Yeti Airlines DHC-6 Twin Otter 300 (registrasi 9N-AFD) dari Kathmandu tasuruak ka Bukik Lamjura di tangah kabuik. Indak ado panompan nan dibao; tigo kru sadonyo maningga. Komite panyalidiakan kacilakoan Nepalese manyimpulkan baso pilot mambari informasi nan indak tapek tantang posisinyo kapado Area Control Centre.<ref>[http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=20040525-0 Aviation Safety Network] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111018054858/http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=20040525-0 |date=2011-10-18 }}. Retrieved 18 November 2006.</ref>
* Pado 1 Oktober 2004, on landing at the airport, a Sita Air Dornier Do 228 suffered a collapse of its nose gear and slid along the runway, blocking it once it had come to rest. The airport was closed for two days.<ref>[http://aviation-safety.net/news/news.php?field=datumcode&var=200410%25 Aviation Safety Network]. Retrieved 19 November 2006.</ref>
* Pado 30 Juni 2005, kapa taba Gorkha Airlines Dornier Do 228 tagulincia kalua landasan pacu kutiko andak mandarek. Sambilan panompang jo tigo kru luko-luko ringan. Kapa tabang tu dilaporkan dikaluaan dari operasi jo baranti dipakai satalah kajadian tu.<ref>[http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0CWU/is_2005_June_30/ai_n14710349 Airline Industry Information] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160113185735/http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0CWU/is_2005_June_30/ai_n14710349 |date=2016-01-13 }}, 30 June 2005.</ref><ref>[http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=20050630-0&lang=en Aviation Safety Network] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929104604/http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=20050630-0&lang=en |date=2007-09-29 }}. Retrieved 18 November 2006.</ref>
* Pado 8 Oktober 2008, kapa tabang Yeti Airlines Flight 103, a DHC-6 Twin Otter 300 (registrasi 9N-AFE) jatuah pado wakatu andak mandarek jo tabaka, maakibaikan maningganyo salapan baleh panompang jo kru. Kapten kapa tabang adolah satu-satunyo nan salamaik. Video kacilakoan manunjuakan cuaca buruak pado saaik kacilakoan.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/7658258.stm BBC News]. Retrieved 8 October 2008.</ref>
* Pado 12 Oktober 2010, kapa tabang Sita Air Dornier Do 228 (registrasi 9N-AHB) kailangan kontrol rem jo malangga dindiang di ujuang landasan kutiko mandarek. Kasadonyo panompang jo kru indak maalami luko; iduang kapa tabang rusak.<ref>Air Crash Observer {{Cite web|url=http://www.aircrashobserver.com/e107/news.php?item.1967|title=Archived copy|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707095358/http://www.aircrashobserver.com/e107/news.php?item.1967|archive-date=7 July 2011|dead-url=yes|access-date=2011-07-07}}</ref>
* Pado 26 September 2013, helikopter Air Dynasty (registrasi 9N-AEX) jatuah kutiko baliang-baliang balakang manyintuah kawat baduri paga kuliliang palabuahan udaro ko. Kasadonyo tigo panompang jo kapten panabang salamaik.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nepalnews.com/archive/2013/sep/sep26/news04.php|title=Chopper crashes in Lukla, minor injuries|date=26 September 2013|publisher=Nepalnews.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303184410/http://www.nepalnews.com/archive/2013/sep/sep26/news04.php|archive-date=3 March 2016|dead-url=yes}}</ref>
* Pado 27 Mai 2017, maskapai Summit Air Flight 409 sadang maangkuik barang jo kapa tabang Let L-410 dari Kathmandu ka Lukla (Nepal) mambao tigo kru, kutiko andak mandarek di landasan 06 Lukla pado 14:04L (08:19Z) sadang jarak pandang buruak kapa tabang manyintuah batang puhun di ujuang landasan inggo mandarek labiah-kurang 3 meter/10 kaki di bawah katinggian landasan. Kapa tabang tu tagulincia taruih di lereng inggo 200 meter di bawah katinggian landasan. Kapten kapa maningga sarato opsir patamo, Shrijan Manandhar, maningga di rumah sakik ampia salapan jam kudian. Kru katigo maalami luko-luko jo dievakuasi ka Kathmandu bisuak arinyo kutiko cuaca alah tarang.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://avherald.com/h?article=4a9877a9&opt=0|title=Accident: Summit L410 at Lukla on May 27th 2017, contacted trees and impacted ground before runway|date=27 May 2017|publisher=The Aviation Herald|access-date=28 May 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thehimalayantimes.com/nepal/lukla-air-crash-toll-reaches-2-as-co-pilot-dies-for-want-of-treatment/|title=Lukla air crash toll reaches 2 as co-pilot dies for want of treatment|date=28 May 2017|publisher=The Himalayan Times|access-date=30 May 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=11865579|title=Kiwi 'heroes' in dramatic Mt Everest rescue after cargo plane slams into mountain|date=29 May 2017|publisher=New Zealand Herald|access-date=18 June 2017}}</ref>

== Galeri ==
{{wide image|Panorama of Lukla Airport (Tenzing-Hillary).jpg|800px|Poto panorama palabuahan udaro Lukla jo sakuliliangnyo.}}

<gallery mode="packed">
Berkas:RK 0602 00811 LuklaAnflug.jpg|Twin Otter mandakek ka palabuahan udaro
Berkas:RK 0602 00813 TwinOtterLukla.jpg|Twin Otter di landasan pacu
Berkas:RK 0603 03610 TwinOtterCockpit.jpg|Twin Otters di lapangan tabang
Berkas:LuklaAirport.jpg|Landasan pacu pado taun 1999 sabalun baaspal
Lukla Airport, Runway, Helicopter, Nepal.jpg
</gallery>

== Caliak juo ==

* Altiport
* Syangboche Airport
* Phaplu Airport
* List of airports in Nepal

== Rujuakan ==
{{reflist|30em}}

== Pautan lua ==

* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DqgZvb37NX0 Video of operations at the Lukla airport] from [[YouTube]]
* {{ASN|LUA|LUA / VNLK}}Aviation Safety Network
* [http://www.airliners.net/photo/Tara-Air/Pilatus-PC-6-B2-H4-Turbo/1909594/&sid=0dab62aa9521c6a6d7bd1e275feb155c Photo of aircraft departing Lukla] from Airliners.net
* [http://bdvid.com/2015/01/lukla-airport-nepal-the-most-dangerous-airport-in-the-world "Most Dangerous airport in the world"] Lukla Airport video

[[Kategori:Nepal]]
[[Kategori:Palabuahan udaro di Nepal]]