Vizualizare sursă pentru „Anghilă”

{{Taxobox
| image = anguillarostratakils.jpg
| image_width = 
| image_caption = ''[[Anguilla rostrata]]''
| fossil_range = {{Fossil range|Cretaceous|Recent}}<ref name=FB>{{FishBase order|order= Anguilliformes |year=2009|month=January}}</ref>
| regnum = [[Animalia]]
| phylum = [[Chordata]]
| classis = [[Actinopterygii]]
| subclassis = [[Neopterygii]]
| infraclassis = [[Teleostei]]
| superordo = [[Elopomorpha]]
| ordo = '''Anguilliformes'''
| ordo_authority = [[Lev Berg|L. S. Berg]], 1943
| subdivision_ranks = [[Subordin]]e
| subdivision =
[[Anguilloidei]]<br />
Congroidei<br />
Nemichthyoidei<br />
[[Synaphobranchoidei]]
}}
[[File:Conger conger Gervais.jpg|thumb|253px|]]
[[File:Eel-life-circle1.svg|thumb|right|{{center|Ciclu de viață}}]]
{{multiple image
 | align = right
 | direction = vertical
 | width     = 220
 | image1    = Gymnothorax meleagris Hawaii.jpg
 | alt1      = 
 | caption1  = {{center|A [[moray eel]]}}
 | image2    = Gorgasia barnesi (Garden eels).jpg
 | alt2      = 
 | caption2  = {{center|''[[Gorgasia barnesi]]''}}
 | image3    = rostrata.jpg
 | alt3      = 
 | caption3  = {{center|Juvenile [[American eel]]s}}
}}
[[Fișier:Anguilla anguilla.jpg|220px|right|thumb|Anghilă]]
'''Anghilele''' (''Anguilliformes'') numite și ''țipari'' sunt o categorie de [[pești]] care cuprind circa 900 specii, având o formă asemănătoare cu a [[șarpe]]lui. Trăiesc în ape dulci sau în mări, la adâncimi diferite. Sunt [[pești]] răpitori, fiind activi noaptea.

== Răspândire ==
  
Cele mai multe specii de anghile trăiesc în mările calde tropicale și subtropicale, în apele cu adâncimi diferite și printre recifele de corali.  [[Țipar (dezambiguizare)|Anghilele]] din apele dulci migrează în mare numai în timpul reproducției. Numai speciile, țiparul european (''Anguilla anguilla'') și anghila americană (''Anguilla rostrata'') trăiesc în regiunile cu climă temperată din [[Europa]] sau [[America de Nord]].

== Caracteristici ==
  
Toate anghilele au corpul lung, suplu, asemănător cu al șarpelui, în secțiune corpul fiind rotund sau teșit lateral. Înotătoarea abdominală și anală sunt unite într-una singură. Coloana vertebrală poate avea un număr de până la 260 de vertebre. De obicei anghilele  nu au solzi, iar la speciile cu solzi aceștia sunt mici și rotunzi. Oasele maxilarelor sunt unite formând o centură osoasă legată de un craniu incomplet.

== Sistematică ==
Relațiile de înrudire din punct de vedere filogenetic, nu este clarificat complet la anghile. Ele sunt frecvent împărțite în trei subordine: "Anguilloidei", "Congroidei" și "Muraenoidei" 
   
[[Fișier:Rostrata.jpg|thumb|Anghila americană (''Anguilla rostrata'')]] 
[[Fișier:Echidna nebulosa by NPS.jpg|thumb|Murena stelată<br />(''Echidna nebulosa'')]]

* (Anguilloidei)
** Anghile de apă dulce (Anguillidae)
** (Heterenchelyidae)
** (Moringuidae)
* (Muraenoidei)
** (Chlopsidae)
** (Myrocongridae)
** (Muraenidae)
* (Congroidei)
** (Synaphobranchidae)
** (Ophichthidae)
** (Colocongridae)
** (Derichthyidae)
** (Muraenesocidae)
** (Nemichthyidae)
** (Congridae)
* (Nettastomatidae)
** (Serrivomeridae)


[[Cladogramă]] conform [[Catalogue of Life]]:<ref name = "COL"/>

{{Clade
| label1 = '''Anguilliformes&nbsp;'''
| 1={{Clade
| 1=[[Anguillidae]]
| 2=[[Chlopsidae]]
| 3=[[Colocongridae]]
| 4=[[Congridae]]
| 5=[[Derichthyidae]]
| 6=[[Heterenchelyidae]]
| 7=[[Moringuidae]]
| 8=[[Muraenesocidae]]
| 9=[[Muraenidae]]
| 10=[[Myrocongridae]]
| 11=[[Nemichthyidae]]
| 12=[[Nettastomatidae]]
| 13=[[Ophichthidae]]
| 14=[[Serrivomeridae]]
| 15=[[Synaphobranchidae]]
}}
}}

==Cronologia genurilor==
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|-
! &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Cronologie &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
|-
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 color:eocene bar:NAM25 from:-55.8    till:-33.9 text:[[Anguilloides]]
 color:eocene bar:NAM26 from:-55.8    till:-33.9 text:[[Bolcyrus]]
 color:eocene bar:NAM27 from:-55.8    till:-33.9 text:[[Dalpiazella]]
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 color:eocene bar:NAM31 from:-55.8    till:-33.9 text:[[Milananguilla]]
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 color:eocene bar:NAM33 from:-55.8    till:-33.9 text:[[Paracongroides]]
 color:eocene bar:NAM34 from:-55.8    till:-33.9 text:[[Paranguilla]]
 color:eocene bar:NAM35 from:-55.8    till:-33.9 text:[[Patavichthys]]
 color:eocene bar:NAM36 from:-55.8    till:-33.9 text:[[Proteomyrus]]
 color:eocene bar:NAM37 from:-55.8    till:-33.9 text:[[Veronanguilla]]
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 color:eocene bar:NAM39 from:-55.8    till:-33.9 text:[[Whitapodus]]
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 from: -145.5    till: -65.5   color:cretaceous    text:[[Cretaceous]]
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 from: -23.03    till: -2.588    color:neogene    text:[[Neogene]]
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|}

== Note ==
<references>

<ref name = "COL">{{cite web |url= http://www.catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2011/search/all/key/anguilliformes/match/1|title= Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist.|author= Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (red.)|year= 2011|publisher= Species 2000: Reading, UK.|accessdate= 24 September 2012}}</ref>
</references>

== Legături externe ==
{{commonscat-inline|Anguilliformes}}
* [[FishBase]]: [http://filaman.ifm-geomar.de/Summary/OrdersSummary.cfm?order=Anguilliformes Order Summary for Anguilliformes]
* {{ide}} [http://www.physiologus.de/aal.htm Aal in der Literatur] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080919202247/http://www.physiologus.de/aal.htm |date=2008-09-19 }}, "Neuer Physiologus. Enzyklopädie der Erfahrungen"
* [http://www.gandul.info/stiri/a-fost-descoperita-o-fosila-vie-imaginea-unei-lumi-disparute-acum-200-de-milioane-de-ani-8627571 A fost descoperită "O FOSILĂ VIE", imaginea unei lumi dispărute acum 200 de milioane de ani], 17 august 2011, ''Gândul''


[[Categorie:Anguilliformes]]