Просмотр кода страницы Список языков Индии

[[Файл:Indian states by official language.png|thumb|Индийские штаты с хинди, английским и региональными языками в качестве официальных государственных языков]]
[[Файл:WIKITONGUES- Krishna speaking Hindi.webm|thumb|Пример звучания языка [[хинди]] — одного из государственных языков Индии]]
[[Файл:WIKITONGUES- Sanjoy speaking Bengali.webm|thumb|Пример звучания языка [[Бенгальский язык|бенгали]]]]
{{Listen
| type          = speech
| header        =
| filename     = Ta - குளிர் காய நேரமில்லை - அறிவுக் கதைகள் - ம.பொ.சிவஞானம்.ogg
| title       = Пример звучания тамильского языка — одного из дравидийских языков Индии
| description2   = Литературное произношение, чтение отрывка из книги ''Arivuk kadhaigal'' (1900s).
}}

В [[Индия|Индии]] разговаривают на 447 различных [[язык]]ах, на 2000 [[диалект]]ов. В [[Конституция Индии|Конституции Индии]] оговорено, что [[хинди]] и [[английский язык|английский]] являются двумя языками работы национального правительства, то есть государственными языками. Кроме того, представлен официальный список из 22 языков ({{lang|en|scheduled languages}}), которые могут использоваться правительствами индийских [[штат]]ов для различных административных целей.

Было запланировано, что в [[1965 год]]у английский язык лишится статуса государственного и будет называться «дополнительным государственным языком» до тех пор, пока не завершится полномасштабный переход на хинди. Однако в связи с протестами некоторых штатов, в которых хинди не получил распространения, была сохранена ситуация, когда два языка являются государственными. Из-за быстрой индустриализации и многонационального влияния в экономике английский язык продолжает оставаться популярным и влиятельным средством связи в государственном управлении и бизнесе.

== Государственные языки ==
# [[хинди]]
# [[английский язык|английский]]

== Официально признанные языки ==

=== Национальные языки (22 scheduled languages) ===
Относятся к четырём языковым семьям:
* [[Индоевропейские языки]]
** [[Индоарийские языки]]
**# [[ассамский язык|ассамский]] ([[Ассам]])
**# [[Бенгальский язык|бенгальский]] ([[Западная Бенгалия]], [[Трипура]])
**# [[гуджарати]] ([[Гуджарат]], [[Даман и Диу]], [[Дадра и Нагар-Хавели|Дадра и Нагархавели]])
**# [[догри]] ([[Джамму и Кашмир (союзная территория)|Джамму и Кашмир]])
**# [[Конкани (язык)|конкани]] ([[Гоа]])
**# [[Маратхи (язык)|маратхи]] ([[Махараштра]], Гоа, Даман и Диу)
**# [[майтхили]] (Бихар)
**# [[Непальский язык|непальский]] ([[Сикким]])
**# [[Ория (язык)|ория]] ([[Одиша]])
**# [[панджаби]] ([[Пенджаб]], [[Харьяна]], [[Химачал-Прадеш]], [[Чандигарх]])
**# [[санскрит]] ([[мёртвый язык]], сохранившийся как язык культа)
**# [[Синдхи (язык)|синдхи]]
**# [[урду]] ([[Джамму и Кашмир (союзная территория)|Джамму и Кашмир]])
**# [[хинди]] ([[Уттар-Прадеш]], [[Мадхья-Прадеш]], [[Чхаттисгарх]], [[Дели]], [[Уттаракханд]], Харьяна, Химачал-Прадеш, Чандигарх, Бихар, Джаркханд, [[Раджастхан]], [[Андаманские и Никобарские острова]])
** [[Дардские языки]]
**# [[Кашмирский язык|кашмири]] (Джамму и Кашмир)
* [[Дравидийские языки]]
*# [[тамильский язык|тамильский]] ([[Тамилнад]], [[Пондичерри|Пудучерри]])
*# [[каннада]] ([[Карнатака]])
*# [[телугу]] ([[Андхра-Прадеш]], Пудучерри)
*# [[малаялам]] ([[Керала]], [[Лакшадвип]], Пудучерри)
* [[Тибето-бирманские языки]]
*# [[Манипури (язык)|манипури]] ([[Манипур]])
*# [[Бодо (язык)|бодо]] (Ассам)
* [[Австроазиатские языки]]
** [[Языки мунда]]
**# [[сантали]] (Бихар, Джаркханд, Одиша, Западная Бенгалия)

=== Штаты и союзные территории ===

==== Штаты ====
{| class = "wikitable sortable"
! No. || Штат || Официальный язык || Другие официально признанные языки
|-
| 1. || [[Андхра-Прадеш]] || [[Телугу]]<ref>The Andhra Pradesh Official Language Act, 1966, declares Telugu to be the official language. This enactment was implemented by GO Ms No 420 in 2005. {{citation |last=Rao |first=M. Malleswara |title=Telugu declared official language |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] (Online edition) |date=2005-09-18 |url=http://www.hindu.com/2005/09/18/stories/2005091803740600.htm |accessdate=2007-07-16 |archive-date=2007-08-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070810140217/http://www.hindu.com/2005/09/18/stories/2005091803740600.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> || [[Урду]]<ref>Urdu is used as a second official language in certain districts for certain specific purposes. {{Citation |last=Fatihi |first=A.R. |title=Urdu in Andhra Pradesh |journal=Language in India |volume=3 |issue=4 |month=April |year=2003 |url=http://www.languageinindia.com/april2003/urduinap.html |id=ISSN: 1930-2940 |accessdate=2007-07-16 |archive-date=2015-07-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150713110121/http://www.languageinindia.com/april2003/urduinap.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
| 2. || [[Аруначал-Прадеш]] || [[Английский язык|Английский]]<ref>{{citation |last=Commissioner Linguistic Minorities |title=43rd report: July 2004 - June 2005 |pages=para 2.4 |url=http://nclm.nic.in/index1.asp?linkid=203 |accessdate=2007-07-16 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090410022828/http://nclm.nic.in/index1.asp?linkid=203 |archivedate=2009-04-10 |url-status=dead }} {{Wayback|url=http://nclm.nic.in/index1.asp?linkid=203 |date=20090410022828 }}.</ref><ref>The official language of the state is English and Hindi is taught as a second language in school.{{cite web|last=Das|first=Varsha|title=Production of Literacy Materials in Minor Languages|url=http://www.accu.or.jp/litdbase/pub/dlperson/94srw/94SRW_03.pdf|work=National Book Trust of India|accessdate=2011-05-21|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/61C8lkDqm?url=http://www.accu.or.jp/litdbase/pub/dlperson/94srw/94SRW_03.pdf|archivedate=2011-08-25|url-status=live}}</ref> || Нет<ref>Five languages spoken by the principal tribes in Arunachal Pradesh — [[Adi language|Adi]], [[Apatani language|Apatani]], [[Bhoti]], [[Khamti language|Khampti]] and [[Nishi language|Nishi]] are offered to students in state schools, however English is the language of administration and recruitment. {{citation|last=Commissioner Linguistic Minorities|title=43rd report: July 2004 - June 2005|pages=para 2.3–2.4|url=http://nclm.nic.in/index1.asp?linkid=203|accessdate=2007-07-16|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090410022828/http://nclm.nic.in/index1.asp?linkid=203|archivedate=2009-04-10|url-status=dead}} {{Wayback|url=http://nclm.nic.in/index1.asp?linkid=203|date=20090410022828}}.</ref>
|-
| 3. || [[Ассам]] || [[Ассамский язык|Ассамский]]<ref name="assamofflang">Assamese is the official language of the State. Bodo is used as an associate official language for specific purposes in the districts of Kokrajhar and Nalbari and in the Udalguri sub division. Bengali is used for administrative and other official purposes in the districts of the Barak valley.{{citation |last=Commissioner Linguistic Minorities |title=42nd report: July 2003 - June 2004 |page=para 3.5 |url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/35.htm |accessdate=2007-06-06 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071008113359/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/35.htm |archivedate=2007-10-08 |url-status=dead }} {{Wayback|url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/35.htm |date=20071008113359 }}. See also {{citation |last=Commissioner Linguistic Minorities |title=43rd report: July 2004 - June 2005 |pages=para 3.4 |url=http://nclm.nic.in/index1.asp?linkid=203 |accessdate=2007-07-16 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090410022828/http://nclm.nic.in/index1.asp?linkid=203 |archivedate=2009-04-10 |url-status=dead }} {{Wayback|url=http://nclm.nic.in/index1.asp?linkid=203 |date=20090410022828 }}.</ref> || [[Бенгальский язык|Бенгальский]],<ref>In three districts of [[Barak Valley]] [http://www.mapsofindia.com/assam/society/language.htmlLanguage in Assam]{{Недоступная ссылка|date=Июнь 2019|bot=InternetArchiveBot}}</ref> [[Бодо (язык)|Бодо]]<ref name="assamofflang" />
|-
| 4. || [[Бихар]] || [[Майтхили]], [[Хинди]]<ref>{{citation |last=Commissioner Linguistic Minorities |title=43rd report: July 2004 - June 2005 |pages=para 20.5 |url=http://nclm.nic.in/index1.asp?linkid=203 |accessdate=2007-07-16 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090410022828/http://nclm.nic.in/index1.asp?linkid=203 |archivedate=2009-04-10 |url-status=dead }} {{Wayback|url=http://nclm.nic.in/index1.asp?linkid=203 |date=20090410022828 }}.</ref> || [[Урду]]<ref>Urdu is recognised as an additional official language for seven specific purposes, namely, receiving and replying to representations from the public; receiving documents in government offices; publishing [[Delegated legislation|rules, regulations and notices]]; issuing important letters and orders; publishing important advertisements; publishing government gazettes; and signboards at important places and offices.{{citation|last=Commissioner Linguistic Minorities|title=43rd report: July 2004 - June 2005|pages=para 20.5|url=http://nclm.nic.in/index1.asp?linkid=203|accessdate=2007-07-16|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090410022828/http://nclm.nic.in/index1.asp?linkid=203|archivedate=2009-04-10|url-status=dead}} {{Wayback|url=http://nclm.nic.in/index1.asp?linkid=203|date=20090410022828}}.</ref>
|-
| 5. || [[Чхаттисгарх]] || [[Чхаттисгархи]],<ref>The The Chhattisgarh Official Language (Amendment) Act, 2007 added «Chhattisgarhi» as an official language of the state, in addition to Hindi.{{cite web|title=The Chhattisgarh Official Language (Amendment) Act, 2007|url=http://www.lawsofindia.org/statelaw/2885/TheChhattisgarhOfficialLanguageAmendmentAct2007.html|work=Government of India|accessdate=2011-05-21|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/61C8mDwtj?url=http://www.lawsofindia.org/statelaw/2885/TheChhattisgarhOfficialLanguageAmendmentAct2007.html|archivedate=2011-08-25|url-status=live}}</ref> [[хинди]]<ref name="Chhatofflang">{{citation |last=Commissioner Linguistic Minorities |title=39th report: July 2000 - June 2001 |page=section 6 |url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/4.zip |accessdate=2007-07-16 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071008113648/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/4.zip |archivedate=2007-10-08 |url-status=live }} {{Wayback|url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/4.zip |date=20071008113648 }}</ref> || Нет<ref name="Chhatofflang" />
|-
| 6. || [[Гоа]] || [[Конкани (язык)|Конкани]]<ref name="goaofflang">The Goa, Daman and Diu Official Language Act, 1987 makes Konkani the sole official language, but provides that Marathi may also be used for «for all or any of the official purposes». The Government also has a policy of replying in Marathi to correspondence received in Marathi. {{citation |last=Commissioner Linguistic Minorities |title=42nd report: July 2003 - June 2004 |page=para 11.3 |url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/35.htm |accessdate=2007-06-06 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071008113359/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/35.htm |archivedate=2007-10-08 |url-status=dead }}{{Wayback|url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/35.htm |date=20071008113359 }} A petition is pending before the Supreme Court demanding official language status to Marathi as well. {{citation |last=UNI |title=Marathi vs Konkani debate continues in Goa |date=2007-05-30 |url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2007/may/30goa.htm |accessdate=2007-06-06 |archive-date=2019-01-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107052632/http://www.rediff.com/news/2007/may/30goa.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> ||
|-
| 7. || [[Гуджарат]] || [[Гуджарати]], [[хинди]]<ref name="Guj">{{Citation |last=Fatihi |first=A.R. |title=Urdu in Gujarat |journal=Language in India |volume=3 |date=2003-09-09 |url=http://www.languageinindia.com/sep2003/urduingujarat.html |accessdate=2007-07-16 |archive-date=2007-09-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930185514/http://www.languageinindia.com/sep2003/urduingujarat.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> ||
|-
| 8. || [[Харьяна]] || [[Хинди]]<ref name="haryanaofflang">{{citation |last=Commissioner Linguistic Minorities |title=42nd report: July 2003 - June 2004 |page=para 28.3 |url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/35.htm |accessdate=2007-07-16 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071008113359/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/35.htm |archivedate=2007-10-08 |url-status=dead }} {{Wayback|url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/35.htm |date=20071008113359 }}</ref> || [[Панджаби]]<ref name="haryanaofflang" /><ref>Punjabi is officially designated as the «second language» of Haryana in March 2010. Before that, Tamil was the official second language.[http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report_punjabi-edges-out-tamil-in-haryana_1356124 Punjabi edges out Tamil in Haryana] {{Wayback|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report_punjabi-edges-out-tamil-in-haryana_1356124 |date=20110511193554 }}</ref>
|-
| 9. || [[Химачал-Прадеш]] || [[Хинди]]<ref>Himachal Pradesh adopted Hindi as the sole official language in 2008.[http://www.hindu.com/2008/08/21/stories/2008082156920300.htm  Hindi to be official language of H.P.] {{Wayback|url=http://www.hindu.com/2008/08/21/stories/2008082156920300.htm |date=20110924140042 }}</ref><ref name="hpofflang">{{citation |last=Commissioner Linguistic Minorities |title=42nd report: July 2003 - June 2004 |page=para 29.7 |url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/35.htm |accessdate=2007-07-16 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071008113359/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/35.htm |archivedate=2007-10-08 |url-status=dead }} {{Wayback|url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/35.htm |date=20071008113359 }}</ref> || Нет<ref name="hpofflang" />
|-
| 10. || [[Джамму и Кашмир (союзная территория)|Джамму и Кашмир]] || [[Урду]]<ref>[http://jkgad.nic.in/statutory/Rules-Costitution-of-J&K.pdf Article 145] {{Wayback|url=http://jkgad.nic.in/statutory/Rules-Costitution-of-J%26K.pdf|date=20120507200338}} of the [[Constitution of Jammu and Kashmir]] makes Urdu the official language of the state, but provides for the continued use of English for all official purposes.</ref>|| Нет<ref>[http://jkgad.nic.in/statutory/Rules-Costitution-of-J&K.pdf Article 146] {{Wayback|url=http://jkgad.nic.in/statutory/Rules-Costitution-of-J%26K.pdf|date=20120507200338}} of the Constitution of Jammu and Kashmir, read together with the sixth schedule thereto, requires the government of the state to establish an academy to develop eight regional languages, namely [[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]], [[Dogri language|Dogri]], [[Balti language|Balti]], [[Dardi language|Dardi]], [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]], [[Pahari languages|Pahari]], [[Ladakhi language|Ladakhi]] and [[Gojri]]. None of these, however, are official.</ref>
|-
| 11. || [[Джаркханд]] || [[Хинди]], [[сантали]]<ref name="jharkofflang">{{citation |last=Commissioner Linguistic Minorities |title=41st report: July 2002 - June 2003 |page=para 15.3 |url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/23.htm |accessdate=2007-07-16 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070224124226/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/23.htm |archivedate=2007-02-24 |url-status=dead }} {{Wayback|url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/23.htm |date=20070224124226 }}.</ref> || Нет<ref name="jharkofflang" />
|-
| 12. || [[Карнатака]] || [[Каннада]]<ref name="kannada">{{Citation|url=http://dpal.kar.nic.in/26%20of%201963%20(E).pdf|title=The Karnataka Official Language Act, 1963|work=Official website of Government of Karnataka|publisher=Government of Karnataka|accessdate=2007-07-16|format=PDF|archive-date=2020-08-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200802200747/http://dpal.kar.nic.in/26%20of%201963%20(E).pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="karnataka">{{Citation|url=http://dpal.kar.nic.in/30%20of%201981%20(E).pdf|title=The Karnataka Local Authorities (Official Language) Act, 1981|work=Official website of Government of Karnataka|publisher=Government of Karnataka|accessdate=2007-07-16|format=PDF|archive-date=2007-08-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070810094855/http://dpal.kar.nic.in/30%20of%201981%20(E).pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> || Нет<ref name="karnatakaofflang">{{citation |last=Commissioner Linguistic Minorities |title=41st report: July 2002 - June 2003 |page=para 9.5 |url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/23.htm |accessdate=2009-10-14 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070224124226/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/23.htm |archivedate=2007-02-24 |url-status=dead }} {{Wayback|url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/23.htm |date=20070224124226 }}.</ref>
|-
| 13. || [[Керала]] || [[Малаялам]],<ref name="kerala">{{Citation|url=http://www.languageinindia.com/feb2005/malayalamdevelopmentchandraj1.html|title=Malayalam, How to Arrest its Withering Away?|work=M. K. Chand Raj, Ph.D. on Language in India|publisher=Central Institute of Indian Languages,Mysore|accessdate=2007-07-16|archive-date=2007-09-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928031046/http://www.languageinindia.com/feb2005/malayalamdevelopmentchandraj1.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Английский язык|английский]]<ref name="kerala"/> ||
|-
| 14. || [[Мадхья-Прадеш]] || [[Хинди]]<ref name="mp">{{Citation|url=http://www.mpgovt.nic.in/culture/language.htm|title=Language and Literature|work=Official website of Government of Madhya Pradesh|publisher=Government of Madhya Pradesh|accessdate=2007-07-16|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929062809/http://www.mpgovt.nic.in/culture/language.htm|archivedate=2007-09-29|url-status=dead}} {{Wayback|url=http://www.mpgovt.nic.in/culture/language.htm |date=20070929062809 }}</ref> ||
|-
| 15. || [[Махараштра]] || [[Маратхи (язык)|Маратхи]]<ref name="mah1">{{Citation|url=http://www.maharashtratourism.gov.in/MTDC/HTML/MaharashtraTourism/Trivia.html|title=Maharashtra Tourism: Trivia|work=Official website of Maharashtra Tourism|publisher=Government of Maharashtra|accessdate=2007-07-16|archive-date=2021-05-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210502080751/http://www.maharashtratourism.gov.in/MTDC/HTML/MaharashtraTourism/Trivia.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="mah2">{{citation|last=Palkar|first=A.B|title=Report of One Man Commission Justice A.B.Palkar: Shri Bhaurao Dagadu Paralkar & Others V/s State of Maharashtra|year=2007|volume=I|pages=41|url=http://www.maharashtra.gov.in/pdf/VOLUME-I.pdf|format=PDF|accessdate=2007-07-16|archive-date=2007-09-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070926090346/http://www.maharashtra.gov.in/pdf/VOLUME-I.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> ||
|-
| 16. || [[Манипур]] || [[Манипури (язык)|Мейтей (Манипури)]]<ref>Section 2(f) of the Manipur Official Language Act, 1979 states that the official language of Manipur is the Manipuri language (an older English name for the Meitei language) written in the [[Bengali script]]. {{citation|last=The Sangai Express|title=Mayek body threatens to stall proceeding|url=http://www.e-pao.net/epRelatedNews.asp?heading=9&src=290703|accessdate=2007-07-16|archive-date=2007-09-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927183339/http://www.e-pao.net/epRelatedNews.asp?heading=9&src=290703|url-status=dead}}.</ref>|| Нет<ref>Nine tribal languages are recognised for the purpose of education, but have no other official status. {{citation |last=Commissioner Linguistic Minorities |title=43rd report: July 2004 - June 2005 |page=para 22.4 |url=http://nclm.nic.in/index1.asp?linkid=203 |accessdate=2007-07-16 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090410022828/http://nclm.nic.in/index1.asp?linkid=203 |archivedate=2009-04-10 |url-status=dead }} {{Wayback|url=http://nclm.nic.in/index1.asp?linkid=203 |date=20090410022828 }}.</ref>
|-
| 17. || [[Мегхалая]] || [[Английский язык|Английский]]<ref>{{citation |last=Commissioner Linguistic Minorities |title=42nd report: July 2003 - June 2004 |page=para 25.5 |url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/35.htm |accessdate=2007-07-16 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071008113359/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/35.htm |archivedate=2007-10-08 |url-status=dead }} {{Wayback|url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/35.htm |date=20071008113359 }}</ref> || [[Кхаси (язык)|Кхаси]], [[Гаро (язык)|Гаро]],<ref>The 43rd report of the National Commission of Linguistic Minorities reports that, from a date to be determined, [[Кхаси (язык)|Кхаси]] will have the status of an associate official language in the districts of the East Khasi Hills, West Khasi Hills, Jaintia Hills and Ri Bhoi. [[Garo language|Garo]] will have a similar status in the districts of the East Garo Hills, West Garo Hills and South Garo Hills. {{citation|last=Commissioner Linguistic Minorities|title=43rd report: July 2004 - June 2005|page=para 25.1|url=http://nclm.nic.in/index1.asp?linkid=203|accessdate=2007-07-16|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090410022828/http://nclm.nic.in/index1.asp?linkid=203|archivedate=2009-04-10|url-status=dead}}{{Wayback|url=http://nclm.nic.in/index1.asp?linkid=203|date=20090410022828}}. On the 21st of March 2006, the Chief Minister of Meghalaya stated in the State Assembly that a notification to this effect had been issued. {{citation|title=Meghalaya Legislative Assembly, Budget session: Starred Questions and Answers - Tuesday, the 21st March 2006.|url=http://megassembly.gov.in/questions/2006/21-03-2006s.htm|accessdate=2007-07-16|archive-date=2007-09-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927050159/http://megassembly.gov.in/questions/2006/21-03-2006s.htm|url-status=dead}}.</ref>
|-
| 18. || [[Мизорам]] || [[Мизо (язык)|Мизо]]<ref name="mizoramofflang">Mizo is the sole official language under the Official Languages Act. However, this statute does not apply to autonomous regions of Mizoram.{{citation |last=Commissioner Linguistic Minorities |title=41st report: July 2002 - June 2003 |page=paras 28.4, 28.9 |url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/23.htm |accessdate=2007-07-16 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070224124226/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/23.htm |archivedate=2007-02-24 |url-status=dead }} {{Wayback|url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/23.htm |date=20070224124226 }}.</ref> || Нет<ref name="mizoramofflang" />
|-
| 19. || [[Нагаленд]] || [[Английский язык|Английский]]<ref name="nagaofflang">{{citation |last=Commissioner Linguistic Minorities |title=43rd report: July 2004 - June 2005 |page=para 17.4 |url=http://nclm.nic.in/index1.asp?linkid=203 |accessdate=2007-07-16 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090410022828/http://nclm.nic.in/index1.asp?linkid=203 |archivedate=2009-04-10 |url-status=dead }} {{Wayback|url=http://nclm.nic.in/index1.asp?linkid=203 |date=20090410022828 }}.</ref> || Нет<ref name="nagaofflang" />
|-
| 20. || [[Одиша]] || [[Ория (язык)|Ория]],<ref name="orissaofflang">{{citation |last=Commissioner Linguistic Minorities |title=42nd report: July 2003 - June 2004 |page=para 5.4 |url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/35.htm |accessdate=2007-07-16 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071008113359/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/35.htm |archivedate=2007-10-08 |url-status=dead }} {{Wayback|url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/35.htm |date=20071008113359 }}.</ref> || Нет<ref name="orissaofflang" />
|-
| 21. || [[Пенджаб (Индия)|Пенджаб]] || [[Панджаби]]<ref name="punjabofflang">Punjabi is the official language of the state. Section 8 of Punjab’s Official Language Act requires the state Government to «take suitable steps to develop the Hindi language in the State» but does not give Hindi any official status. {{citation |last=Commissioner Linguistic Minorities |title=42nd report: July 2003 - June 2004 |page=para 19.6 |url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/35.htm |accessdate=2007-06-06 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071008113359/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/35.htm |archivedate=2007-10-08 |url-status=dead }} {{Wayback|url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/35.htm |date=20071008113359 }}.</ref> || Нет<ref name="punjabofflang" />
|-
| 22. || [[Раджастхан]] || [[Хинди]]<ref name="rajasthanofflang">{{citation |last=Commissioner Linguistic Minorities |title=42nd report: July 2003 - June 2004 |page=para 26.4 |url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/35.htm |accessdate=2007-07-16 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071008113359/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/35.htm |archivedate=2007-10-08 |url-status=dead }} {{Wayback|url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/35.htm |date=20071008113359 }}.</ref> || [[Раджастхани]]<ref name="rajasthanofflang" />
|-
| 23. || [[Сикким]] || [[Непали (язык)|Непали]]<ref>{{citation |last=Commissioner Linguistic Minorities |title=43rd report: July 2004 - June 2005 |pages=para 27.3 |url=http://nclm.nic.in/index1.asp?linkid=203 |accessdate=2007-07-16 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090410022828/http://nclm.nic.in/index1.asp?linkid=203 |archivedate=2009-04-10 |url-status=dead }} {{Wayback|url=http://nclm.nic.in/index1.asp?linkid=203 |date=20090410022828 }}.</ref><ref>{{citation |last=Government of Sikkim |title=Introduction to Sikkim |url=http://sikkim.nic.in/sws/home_int.htm |accessdate=2007-07-16 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080510045243/http://sikkim.nic.in/sws/home_int.htm |archivedate=2008-05-10 |url-status=dead }} {{Wayback|url=http://sikkim.nic.in/sws/home_int.htm |date=20080510045243 }}.</ref> || Нет<ref>Eleven other languages — Bhutia, Lepcha, Limboo, Newari, Gurung, Mangar, Mukhia, Rai, Sherpa and Tamang — are termed «official», but only for the purposes of the preservation of culture and tradition. {{citation |last=Commissioner Linguistic Minorities |title=43rd report: July 2004 - June 2005 |pages=paras 27.3–27.4 |url=http://nclm.nic.in/index1.asp?linkid=203 |accessdate=2007-07-16 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090410022828/http://nclm.nic.in/index1.asp?linkid=203 |archivedate=2009-04-10 |url-status=dead }} {{Wayback|url=http://nclm.nic.in/index1.asp?linkid=203 |date=20090410022828 }}. See also {{citation |last=Commissioner Linguistic Minorities |title=41st report: July 2002 - June 2003 |page=paras 28.4, 28.9 |url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/23.htm |accessdate=2007-07-16 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070224124226/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/23.htm |archivedate=2007-02-24 |url-status=dead }} {{Wayback|url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/23.htm |date=20070224124226 }}.</ref>
|-
| 24. || [[Тамилнад]] || [[Тамильский язык|Тамильский]]<ref name="tnofflang">Whilst Tamil is the only official language, important communications are published in minority languages, and electoral rolls are published in Telugu, Kannada and Malayalam in areas where they are widely used. {{citation |last=Commissioner Linguistic Minorities |title=42nd report: July 2003 - June 2004 |page=para 15.4 |url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/35.htm |accessdate=2007-07-16 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071008113359/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/35.htm |archivedate=2007-10-08 |url-status=dead }} {{Wayback|url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/35.htm |date=20071008113359 }}.</ref> || Нет
|-
| 25. || [[Трипура]] || [[Бенгальский язык|Бенгальский]], [[Кокборок]], [[Английский язык|английский]]<ref name="tripuraofflang">{{citation |last=Commissioner Linguistic Minorities |title=41st report: July 2002 - June 2003 |page=para 17.3 |url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/23.htm |accessdate=2007-06-16 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070224124226/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/23.htm |archivedate=2007-02-24 |url-status=dead }} {{Wayback|url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/23.htm |date=20070224124226 }}.</ref> || Нет<ref name="tripuraofflang" />
|-
| 26 || [[Уттаракханд]] || [[Английский язык|Английский]], [[хинди]]<ref name="uttarkhofflang">English, Hindi, and Urdu are the official languages of the state, although the purposes for which Urdu is used have not been fully described. {{citation |last=Commissioner Linguistic Minorities |title=43rd report: July 2004 - June 2005 |pages=para 7.3 |url=http://nclm.nic.in/index1.asp?linkid=203 |accessdate=2007-07-16 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090410022828/http://nclm.nic.in/index1.asp?linkid=203 |archivedate=2009-04-10 |url-status=dead }} {{Wayback|url=http://nclm.nic.in/index1.asp?linkid=203 |date=20090410022828 }}.</ref> || [[Урду]],<ref name="uttarkhofflang" /> [[Санскрит]]<ref name="uttarkhoffsans">Sanskrit to be promoted with priority: Nishank {{citation |last=Nishank |title=Sanskrit made official language |url=http://www.garhwalpost.com/index.php?mod=article&cat=Uttarakhand&article=5051 |accessdate=2009-12-28 |archive-date=2011-11-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111112032732/http://www.garhwalpost.com/index.php?mod=article&cat=Uttarakhand&article=5051 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
| 27. || [[Уттар-Прадеш]] || [[Хинди]]<ref name="upofflang">Hindi is the official language, and Urdu is used for seven specific purposes, similar to those for which it is used in Bihar. {{citation |last=Commissioner Linguistic Minorities |title=43rd report: July 2004 - June 2005 |pages=paras 6.1–6.2 |url=http://nclm.nic.in/index1.asp?linkid=203 |accessdate=2007-07-16 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090410022828/http://nclm.nic.in/index1.asp?linkid=203 |archivedate=2009-04-10 |url-status=dead }} {{Wayback|url=http://nclm.nic.in/index1.asp?linkid=203 |date=20090410022828 }}.</ref> || [[Урду]]<ref name="upofflang" />
|-
| 28. || [[Западная Бенгалия]] || [[Бенгальский язык|Бенгальский]], [[Английский язык|английский]]<ref name="wbofflang">Bengali is the official language of West Bengal. Nepali is recognised as an additional official language in [[Darjeeling district]]. In addition, the government has a policy of replying to representations received in minority languages in those languages. {{citation|last=Commissioner Linguistic Minorities|title=43rd report: July 2004 - June 2005|pages=para 18.4|url=http://nclm.nic.in/index1.asp?linkid=203|accessdate=2007-07-16|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090410022828/http://nclm.nic.in/index1.asp?linkid=203|archivedate=2009-04-10|url-status=dead}} {{Wayback|url=http://nclm.nic.in/index1.asp?linkid=203|date=20090410022828}}.</ref>|| [[Непальский язык|Непальский]]<ref name="wbofflang" />
|}

==== Союзные территории ====
{| class = "wikitable"
!No. || Союзная территория || Официальный язык || Другие признанные официальные языки
|-
| 1. || [[Андаманские и Никобарские острова]] || [[Хинди]], [[Английский язык|Английский]]<ref>«Most of Indian languages are spoken in Andaman and Nicobar Islands because of its cosmopolitan nature. The common language is Hindi whereas English and Hindi are used in official correspondence.» {{citation |last=Andaman District Administration |title=Profile |url=http://andamandt.nic.in/profile.htm |accessdate=2007-06-06 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111213201339/http://andamandt.nic.in/profile.htm |archivedate=2011-12-13 |url-status=dead }} {{Wayback|url=http://andamandt.nic.in/profile.htm |date=20111213201339 }}</ref> ||
|-
| 2. || [[Чандигарх]] || [[Пенджабский язык|Пенджабский]], [[Хинди]], [[Английский язык|Английский]] ||
|-
| 3. || [[Дадра и Нагархавели]] || [[Маратхи (язык)|Маратхи]], [[Гуджарати]] ||
|-
| 4. || [[Даман и Диу]] || [[Гуджарати]], [[Английский язык|Английский]] || [[Маратхи (язык)|Маратхи]]<ref name="goaofflang" />
|-
| 5. || [[Дели]] || [[Хинди]], [[Английский язык|Английский]] || [[Урду]],<ref name="delhi1">Urdu and Punjabi are the second official languages of Delhi under the Delhi Official Language Bill, 2000 {{Citation |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/43388.cms |title=Punjabi, Urdu made official languages in Delhi |accessdate=2007-07-17 |date=2003-06-25 |publisher=[[The Times of India]] |archive-date=2007-10-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071014112048/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/43388.cms |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Панджаби]]<ref name="delhi1" />
|-
| 6. || [[Лакшадвип]] || [[Малаялам]] ||
|-
| 7. || [[Пондишери]] || [[Французский язык|Французский]], [[Тамильский язык|Тамильский]] и [[Английский язык|Английский]]<ref name="liipondi">Three languages are used for official purposes — Tamil, Telugu, and Malayalam. However, English and French are also reorganized for official purpose as per the official language policy. The official language policy of the union territory states that the Tamil language should be used for all or any of the official purposes of the union territory. In case of Mahe and Yanam, Malayalam and Telugu may be respectively used for official purpose. The English language may also be used for all or any of the official purposes. The French language shall remain the official language of the establishments so long as the elected representatives of the people shall not decide otherwise (ACT 28, Gazetteer, Pondicherry Vol. 1, P. II)[http://www.languageinindia.com/feb2004/multilingual.html Multilingualism and second language acquisition and learning in Pondicherry] {{Wayback|url=http://www.languageinindia.com/feb2004/multilingual.html |date=20180411211733 }}</ref><ref>{{citation |last=Office of the Chief Electoral Officer, Puducherry |title=General Information on Puducherry |url=http://www.ceopondicherry.nic.in/Bkground/GeneralInfo.htm |accessdate=2007-06-06 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928180538/http://www.ceopondicherry.nic.in/Bkground/GeneralInfo.htm |archivedate=2007-09-28 |url-status=dead }} {{Wayback|url=http://www.ceopondicherry.nic.in/Bkground/GeneralInfo.htm |date=20070928180538 }}</ref> || [[Малаялам]] ([[Маэ (Индия)]]), [[Телугу]] ([[Янам]])<ref name="liipondi"/>
|}

== Другие популярные языки ==
Не имеют официального статуса национальных языков, но количество владеющих языком более 5 миллионов. Некоторые из них признаны штатами в качестве языка, но не признаны правительством Индии.

=== Языки [[Бихар]]а (кроме [[майтхили]]) ===
# [[бходжпури]] ([[Бихар]], [[Уттар-Прадеш]])
# [[магахи]] ([[Бихар]])
# [[Ангика]] ([[Бихар]], [[Джаркханд]])

=== Языки [[Раджастхан]]а ===
# [[марвари]] (часто считается диалектом хинди)
# [[мевари]] (часто считается диалектом хинди)

=== Языки пояса хинди ===
# [[авадхи]] (часто считается диалектом хинди)
# [[бундели]] (часто считается диалектом хинди)
# [[багхели]] (часто считается диалектом хинди)
# [[канауджи]] (часто считается диалектом хинди)
# [[хариани]] (часто считается диалектом хинди)
# [[хиндустани]] (смесь урду и хинди)
# [[чхаттисгархи]] (часто считается диалектом хинди)
# [[хинглиш]] (смесь английского и хинди)

=== Другие языки ===
# [[бхили]]
# [[гонди (язык)|гонди]]
# [[кодава]]
# кутчи{{нет АИ|7|06|2023}}
# [[тулу]]
# [[Мальдивский язык|дивехи]]

== Малочисленные языки, не относящиеся к вышеприведенным группам ==
* [[Андаманские языки]]
* [[Нихали]]
* [[Кусунда (язык)|Кусунда]]
* [[Никобарские языки]]
* [[Шомпенский язык|Шомпенские языки]]
* [[Тибетский язык]], на котором говорят в основном [[Тибетский буддизм|тибетские монахи]], бежавшие на территорию Индии после [[Чамдоская операция|захвата]] [[Тибет]]а [[Китайская Народная Республика|Китаем]] и проживающие на территории штата [[Химачал-Прадеш]].

== См. также ==
* [[Русский язык в Индии]]
* [[Список языков Индии по количеству носителей|Языки Индии по количеству носителей (список)]]

== Примечания ==
{{примечания}}

== Литература ==
* [https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000125246 Language education in multilingual India] / Chander J. Daswani, ed. — UNESCO Office New Delhi and Regional Bureau for Communication and Information in Asia and the Pacific, 2001. — 383 p.
* Rajendra Dixit [https://www.asthabharati.org/Dia_Apr%20011/raje.htm Language Education in India Policy and Practice.] // Dialogue April-June, 2011, Volume 12 No. 4

{{Библиоинформация}} {{^v}}
{{Языки Индии}}
{{Индия в темах}}
{{Азия по темам|Языки|цвет=Индия}}

[[Категория:Списки языков|Индия]]
[[Категория:Языки Индии| ]]
[[Категория:Списки:Культура Индии]]
[[Категория:Официальные языки]]