Google Earth sahifasining manbasini koʻrish

{{dasturiy taʼminot bilgiqutisi
|nom=Google Earth ({{tarjima|Google Yer}})
|logo=[[Tasvir:Google Earth icon.svg|center|92px]]
|screenshot=<!-- [[Tasvir:Google Earth on Chrome screenshot.png|center|150px]] -->
|screenshot izohi=[[Google Chrome]] da Google Earth 9
|muallif=Keyhole, Inc.
|developer=[[Google]]
|reliz={{Start date and age|2001|6|10}}
|dasturlash_tili=[[C++]]
|operatsion sistema={{plainlist|
* [[Android]] [[Android Lollipop|Lollipop]] yoki keyingilari
* [[iOS]] [[iOS 14|14]] yoki keyingilari
* [[Linux]] ([[Ubuntu]] 14/[[Fedora Linux|Fedora]] 23-ekvivalent yoki undan keyingi)
* [[OS X Mountain Lion|macOS 10.8]] yoki keyingilari
* [[Web ilova|Web ilova]]
* [[Windows 7]] yoki undan keyingilari<ref name=SystemRequirements>{{cite web |url=https://support.google.com/earth/answer/21955 |title=Install & uninstall Google Earth Pro 
|website=Google Earth Help |access-date=January 11, 2023 
|archive-date=January 11, 2023 
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230111203743/https://support.google.com/earth/answer/21955 
|url-status=live }}</ref>
}}
|til=Various
|janr=[[Virtual globus]]
|litsenziya=[[Bepul dastur]]
|vebsayt={{URL|https://earth.google.com/web/}}}}'''Google Earth''' — bu asosan [[Kosmik suratga olish|sunʼiy yoʻldosh tasvirlari]] asosida [[Yer|Yerning]] [[3D kompyuter grafikasi|3D]] tasvirini koʻrsatadigan [[kompyuter dasturi]] . Dastur sunʼiy yoʻldosh tasvirlari, [[Aerofotorazvedka|aerofotografiya]] va [[Geografik axborot tizimi|GAT maʼlumotlarini]] 3D globusga [[Superimpozitsiya|joylashtirish]] orqali Yer xaritasini tuzadi, bu esa foydalanuvchilarga shaharlar va landshaftlarni turli burchaklardan koʻrish imkonini beradi. Foydalanuvchilar manzillar va koordinatalarni kiritish yoki [[Klaviatura turlari|klaviatura]] yoki [[Kompyuter sichqoni|sichqoncha]] yordamida „dunyoni kashf qilishlari“ mumkin. Dasturni [[smartfon]] yoki [[Planshet kompyuter|planshetga]] ham yuklab olish mumkin. Foydalanuvchilar [[Teshiklarni belgilash tili|Keyhole Markup Language]] yordamida maʼlumotlar qoʻshish va ularni forumlar yoki [[Blog|bloglar]] kabi turli manbalar orqali yuklash uchun dasturdan foydalanishlari mumkin. Google Earth yer yuzasida qoplangan turli xil tasvirlarni koʻrsatadi. Shuningdek, ushbu dastur, [[Veb xaritalar xizmati|Web Map Service]] mijozidir. 2019-yilda [[Google]] hozirda Google Earth dunyoning 97 foizdan ortig‘ini qamrab olgani va 10 million milyalik „Ko‘cha ko‘rinishi“ tasvirini olganini maʼlum qildi<ref>{{Veb manbasi |sarlavha=Google reveals just how much of the world it's mapped with Street View and Earth |url=https://www.theverge.com/2019/12/13/21020814/google-world-mapped-street-view-earth-square-miles |qaralgan sana=2021-12-18 |ish=www.theverge.com |sana=December 13, 2019 |til=en |arxivsana=May 25, 2022 |arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220525062423/https://www.theverge.com/2019/12/13/21020814/google-world-mapped-street-view-earth-square-miles}}</ref>.

Yer navigatsiyasidan tashqari, Google Earth desktop ilovasi orqali bir qator boshqa vositalarni, jumladan masofani o'lchash vositasini taqdim etadi. [[Oy]] va [[Mars]] globuslari, shuningdek, [[Tungi osmon|tungi osmonni]] ko'rish kabi imkoniyatlari mavjud. [[Parvoz simulyatori]] o'yini ham kiritilgan. Boshqa funksiyalar foydalanuvchilarga [[Panorama|Panoramioga]] yuklangan turli joylardan suratlar, baʼzi joylarda [[Vikipediya]] tomonidan taqdim etilgan maʼlumotlar va Koʻcha koʻrinishi tasvirlarini koʻrish imkonini beradi. Shuningdek, Google Earthning veb-versiyasida [[Voyager]] ham mavjud.

Google Earth ba'zilar tomonidan [[maxfiylik]] va [[Milliy xavfsizlik|milliy xavfsizlikka]] tahdid sifatida ko'rilgan. Shuning uchun bu dastur ko'plab mamlakatlarda taqiqlangan<ref>{{Veb manbasi |sarlavha=US general claims Google Earth is a risk to security |url=https://www.itpro.co.uk/118003/us-general-claims-google-earth-is-a-risk-to-security |qaralgan sana=2022-07-16 |ish=IT PRO |sana=June 22, 2007 |til=en |arxivsana=July 16, 2022 |arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220716180511/https://www.itpro.co.uk/118003/us-general-claims-google-earth-is-a-risk-to-security}}</ref>. Ba'zi davlatlar Google sun'iy yo'ldosh tasvirlarida ma'lum hududlarni, koʻpincha harbiy obyektlarni o'z ichiga olgan hududlarni yashirishni so'ragan.

== Tarixi ==
Google Earthning asosiy [[Texnologiya|texnologiyasi]] 1990-yillarning oxirida Intrinsic Graphics-da ishlab chiqilgan. O'sha paytda kompaniya 3D o'yin dasturlari kutubxonalarini ishlab chiqayotgan edi<ref name="kilday">{{Kitob manbasi |title=Never Lost Again: The Google Mapping Revolution That Sparked New Industries and Augmented Our Reality |url=https://archive.org/details/neverlostagaingo0000kild |publisher=HarperBusiness |last=Bill Kilday |year=2018 |isbn=978-0062673046}}</ref>. O'zlarining 3D dasturiy ta'minotining namoyishi sifatida ular ''[[O'nta kuch (film)|Powers of Ten]]'' filmiga o'xshash aylanadigan globusni ishlab chiqqanlar <ref name="kilday" />. Demo ommabop edi, lekin Intrinsic kengashi o'yinga e'tibor qaratishni xohladi, shuning uchun 1999-yilda ular [[Jon Xanke]] boshchiligidagi Keyhole, Inc.ni yaratdilar<ref name="kilday" />. Keyhole keyin internet orqali xaritalash maʼlumotlarining katta maʼlumotlar bazalarini texnologiyaning asosiy qismi boʻlgan mijoz dasturiy taʼminotiga uzatish usulini ishlab chiqdi<ref name="awes">{{Yangiliklar manbasi |last=Kevin Manney |date=March 21, 2003 |title=Tiny tech company awes viewers |work=USA Today |url=https://www.usatoday.com/tech/news/techinnovations/2003-03-20-earthviewer_x.htm |url-status=live |access-date=August 29, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120913092856/http://www.usatoday.com/tech/news/techinnovations/2003-03-20-earthviewer_x.htm |archive-date=September 13, 2012}}</ref> va hukumatlar va boshqa manbalardan xaritalash maʼlumotlarining quroq ishlarini oldi<ref name="kilday" />. "Keyhole EarthViewer" deb nomlangan mahsulot [[ko'chmas mulk]], [[shaharsozlik]], [[Urush|mudofaa]] va [[Intellektual baholash|razvedka]] kabi sohalarda foydalanish uchun kompakt disklarda sotilgan. Uning foydalanuvchilari xizmat uchun yillik to'lovni to'lashardi<ref name="awes" />. [[Nvidia]] va [[Sony]] bilan bir qator kapital shartnomalar tuzishiga qaramay<ref name="awes" />, kichik kompaniya xodimlarga maosh to'lash va ushlab qolish uchun kurash olib bordi<ref name="kilday" />. 

Kompaniyaning taqdiri 2003-yil boshida, [[2003 yil Iroqqa bostirib kirish|2003-yilda Iroqqa bostirib kirishi]] paytida keskin oʻzgardi. Dave Lorenzini (Keyhole direktori) [[CNN]], [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]], [[CBS]] va boshqa yirik yangiliklar tarmoqlarini efirga havola qilish evaziga Bag'doddagi tadbirlarni tasvirlash uchun o'zlarining murakkab 3D uchish tasvirlaridan foydalanishga undadi<ref name="awes"/><ref name="kilday"/>. Bosqin paytida Google Earth [[Mayls O'Brayen (jurnalist)|Miles O'Brien]] va boshqa efirga uzatuvchilar tomonidan keng foydalanildi. Dastur CNN va millionlab tomoshabinlarga urushdagi vaziyatni ilgari hech qachon ko'rilmagan tarzda kuzatish imkonini berdi<ref name="awes" /><ref name="kilday" />. Dasturiy ta'minotga jamoatchilik qiziqishi ortib ketdi va Keyhole serverlari esa bu talabga javob bera olmadi<ref name="awes" /><ref name="kilday" />. Tez orada Keyholega Markaziy razvedka boshqarmasining venchur kapital firmasi [[In-Q-Tel]]<ref>{{Jurnal manbasi |title=Meet The CIA's Venture Capitalist |url=http://www.businessweek.com/stories/2005-05-09/meet-the-cias-venture-capitalist |url-status=dead |magazine=[[Bloomberg Businessweek]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130605121646/http://www.businessweek.com/stories/2005-05-09/meet-the-cias-venture-capitalist |archive-date=June 5, 2013}}</ref> va [[Milliy geofazoviy-razvedka agentligi]]<ref name="pandooakland">{{Veb manbasi |url=http://pando.com/2014/03/07/the-google-military-surveillance-complex/ |sarlavha=Oakland emails give another glimpse into the Google-Military-Surveillance Complex |nashriyot=[[PandoDaily]] |sana=March 7, 2014 |qaralgan sana=August 14, 2017 |arxivsana=May 8, 2016 |arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160508154602/https://pando.com/2014/03/07/the-google-military-surveillance-complex/}}</ref> Keyhole dasturiy ta'minotidan harbiy xaritalash ma'lumotlar bazalari uchun foydalanish boʻyicha murojaat qilishdi. Taklif qabul qilindi va bu Keyhole uchun juda zarur investitsiya keltirdi<ref name="kilday" />. 2003-yilda [[Vicarious Visions]] Intrinsic Graphicsni sotib oldi. Ularning o'yin kutubxonalari sotuvi muvaffaqiyatsizlikka uchraganidan so'ng, muhandislari va menejerlarining asosiy guruhi John Hanke boshchiligida Keyholega o'tdi<ref name="kilday" />.

Google o'sha paytda qidiruvlarining 25% dan ortig'i geografiya va shunga oʻxshash sohalarga doir boʻlgani aniqladi<ref name="kilday"/>. 2004-yil oktyabr oyida Google oʻz foydalanuvchilariga yaxshiroq xizmat koʻrsatish strategiyasining bir qismi sifatida Keyhole’ni sotib oldi<ref>{{Yangiliklar manbasi |date=October 27, 2004 |title=Google Acquires Keyhole |work=Wall Street Journal |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB109888284313557107 |url-status=live |access-date=December 3, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171204171107/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB109888284313557107 |archive-date=December 4, 2017}}</ref>.

2021-yilda Google o'zining Google Earth dasturida qatlamlar funksiyasini yangisiga almashtirdi<ref>{{Veb manbasi |sana=July 20, 2021 |sarlavha=New layers set in Google Earth Pro! |muallif=Staff |url=https://support.google.com/earth/thread/117930184/new-layers-set-in-google-earth-pro?hl=en%20layers%20feature |qaralgan sana=November 9, 2011 |ish=Google Earth Help |arxivsana=November 9, 2021 |arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211109223634/https://support.google.com/earth/thread/117930184/new-layers-set-in-google-earth-pro?hl=en%20layers%20feature}}</ref>. Ushbu almashtirish ayrim qatlamlarni birlashtirdi. Lekin shu qatori ba'zi qatlamlar va xususiyatlarni ham olib tashlandi<ref>{{Veb manbasi |sana=September 4, 2021 |sarlavha=County boundaries and other information missing from new Borders and Labels layer |url=https://support.google.com/earth/thread/124369583/county-boundaries-and-other-information-missing-from-new-borders-and-labels-layer?hl=en |qaralgan sana=November 9, 2021 |ish=Google Earth Help |arxivsana=November 9, 2021 |arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211109223635/https://support.google.com/earth/thread/124369583/county-boundaries-and-other-information-missing-from-new-borders-and-labels-layer?hl=en}}</ref>.

== Tasvirlari ==
Google Earth tasvirlari raqamli [[Globus|globusda]] aks ettirilgan bo'lib, u uzoq masofadan bitta kompozitsion tasvir yordamida sayyora yuzasini aks ettiradi. Tasvir [[Sunʼiy yoʻldosh|sun'iy yo'ldosh]] yoki [[Havo transporti|samolyotdan]] olinadi<ref>{{Veb manbasi |url=https://support.google.com/earth/answer/6327779?hl=en |sarlavha=How images are collected |qaralgan sana=August 6, 2017 |arxivsana=September 19, 2017 |arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170919215532/https://support.google.com/earth/answer/6327779}}</ref>. [[NASA]] va [[Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari Geologik xizmati|USGSning]] [[Landsat 8]] sun'iy yo'ldoshi ishga tushirilishidan oldin Google qisman [[Landsat 7]] tasvirlariga tayangan. Ammo apparatdagi nosozlik tufayli tasvirlarda diagonal bo'shliqlar qolib ketgan<ref>{{Veb manbasi |url=https://landsat.usgs.gov/slc-products-background |nashriyot=United States Geological Survey |sarlavha=SLC-off Products: Background |qaralgan sana=August 6, 2017 |arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170807072341/https://landsat.usgs.gov/slc-products-background |arxivsana=August 7, 2017}}</ref>. 2013-yilda Google muammoni hal qilish uchun [[Data mining|data miningdan]] foydalangan va Yerning [[The Blue Marble]] tasvirining davomchisi sifatida tasvirlangan narsani butun sayyoraning yagona katta tasviri bilan taʼminlagan. Bunga Landsat 7-dan olingan bir nechta tasvirlar toʻplamini birlashtirib, bulutlar va diagonal boʻshliqlarni bartaraf etish orqali erishildi va yagona “mozaik” tasvir yaratildi<ref>{{Veb manbasi |url=https://maps.googleblog.com/2013/06/only-clear-skies-on-google-maps-and.html |sarlavha=Only clear skies on Google Maps and Earth |sana=June 26, 2013 |qaralgan sana=August 6, 2017 |arxivsana=August 7, 2017 |arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170807072138/https://maps.googleblog.com/2013/06/only-clear-skies-on-google-maps-and.html}}</ref>. Hozirda Google tasvirlarni yuqori sifatda va yuqori chastotada taqdim etish uchun son-sanoqsiz manbalardan foydalanadi<ref>{{Veb manbasi |url=https://techcrunch.com/2016/06/27/google-earth-and-maps-get-sharper-satellite-imagery-with-new-update/ |nashriyot=Tech Crunch |sarlavha=Google Earth and Maps get sharper satellite imagery with new update |sana=June 27, 2016 |qaralgan sana=August 6, 2017 |arxivsana=August 7, 2017 |arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170807072458/https://techcrunch.com/2016/06/27/google-earth-and-maps-get-sharper-satellite-imagery-with-new-update/}}</ref>. Tasvirlar Google serverlarida joylashtirilgan, shuning uchun internet aloqasi talab qilinadi.

Tasvirning o'lchamlari 15 metrdan 15 santimetrgacha farq qilishi mumkin. Yer yuzasining katta qismi uchun Google Earth [[NASA|NASAning]] [[Shuttle radar topografiyasi missiyasi|Shuttle Radar Topography Mission]] tomonidan toʻplangan [[raqamli balandlik modeli]] maʼlumotlaridan foydalanadi<ref>{{Cite journal|doi=10.1029/2005RG000183|bibcode=2007RvGeo..45.2004F|title=The Shuttle Radar Topography Mission|journal=Reviews of Geophysics|volume=45|issue=2|pages=RG2004|last=Farr|first1=Tom G.|last2=Rosen|first2=Paul A.|last3=Caro|first3=Edward|last4=Crippen|first4=Robert|last5=Duren|first5=Riley|last6=Hensley|first6=Scott|last7=Kobrick|first7=Michael|last8=Paller|first8=Mimi|last9=Rodriguez|first9=Ernesto|year=2007|issn = 1944-9208 }}</ref>. Bu orqali ikki o'lchovli tasvirni ham uch o'lchamli holatga aylantirish imkonini beradi.

Google Earthdagi barcha tasvir [[Qo'shma Shtatlar mualliflik huquqi to'g'risidagi qonun|Amerika Qo'shma Shtatlari Mualliflik huquqi to'g'risidagi qonunlariga]] muvofiq [[mualliflik huquqi]] bilan himoyalangan. Google mualliflik huquqlarini buzmagan holda rasmlardan notijoratiy maqsadlarda foydalanishga ruxsat beradi (masalan, shaxsiy veb-sayt yoki blogda)<ref>{{Veb manbasi |nashriyot=Google Earth Help Center |url=http://earth.google.com/support/bin/answer.py?answer=21422 |sarlavha=Can I post images to the web? |qaralgan sana=January 20, 2007 |arxivsana=September 27, 2011 |arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927051807/http://earth.google.com/support/bin/answer.py?answer=21422}}</ref>. NASAning [[NASA WorldWind|WorldWind]] virtual globus dasturi tasvirlarni ''[[The Blue Marble]]'', [[Landsat]] va USGS tasvirlari yordamida hosil qiladi. Va ularning har biri [[Ijtimoiy mulk|jamoat mulki]] hisoblanadi.

Google Earthning 5.0 versiyasida Google foydalanuvchilarga Yer tasvirlarining eski, ma'lum vaqt oldingi ko`rinishini taqdim qiluvchi Tarixiy Tasvirlarni taqdim etdi. Asboblar panelidagi [[Soat (asbob)|soat]] belgisini bosish orqali vaqt slayderi ochiladi. Bu xususiyat 1984-yildan 2020-yilgacha bo`lgan vaqt oralig`ida hududdagi o'zgarishlarni kuzatish imkonini beradi<ref name="Dive into New Google Earth">{{Veb manbasi |url=http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2009/02/dive-into-new-google-earth.html |sarlavha=Dive into New Google Earth |qaralgan sana=February 3, 2009 |arxivsana=February 3, 2009 |arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090203181324/http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2009/02/dive-into-new-google-earth.html}}</ref><ref>“Timelapse.”</ref>.

== 3D tasvirlar ==
[[Fayl:3D_locations_in_Google_Earth.svg|thumb|400x400px|2022-yil may holatiga koʻra Google Earth’da 3D qamroviga ega mamlakatlar:{{legend|#ED1C24|3D qamroviga ega boʻlgan mamlakatlar (50, shu jumladan [[Hong Kong]] va [[Macau]])}}{{legend|#FFAEC9|Avval 3D qamroviga ega boʻlgan mamlakatlar}}{{legend|#B9B9B9|3D qamroviga ega boʻlmagan mamlakatlar}}<nowiki>]]</nowiki>]]
Google Earth ba'zi shaharlardagi binolar, inshootlar va yodgorliklarning 3D modellarini yuqori sifatda ko‘rsatish imkoniyatiga ega<ref>Gopal Shah, [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=suo_aUTUpps Google Earth’s Incredible 3D Imagery, Explained] {{Webarxiv}}, April 18, 2017</ref>. Google Earthdagi birinchi 3D binolar [[SketchUp]] va 2009-yildan boshlab [[Google Building Maker|Building Maker]]<ref>{{Veb manbasi |url=https://maps.googleblog.com/2009/10/introducing-google-building-maker.html |sarlavha=Introducing Google Building Maker |qaralgan sana=July 24, 2016 |arxivsana=August 19, 2016 |arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160819071811/https://maps.googleblog.com/2009/10/introducing-google-building-maker.html}}</ref> kabi [[3D modellashtirish|3D modellash]] ilovalari yordamida yaratilgan va [[3D Warehouse]] orqali Google Earthga yuklangan. 2012-yil iyun oyida Google foydalanuvchi tomonidan yaratilgan 3D qurilish modellarini avtomatik ravishda yaratilgan [[Koʻpburchak toʻr|koʻpburchak toʻrlarga]] asoslangan modellarga almashtirishini eʼlon qildi<ref>{{Veb manbasi |url=http://google-latlong.blogspot.ca/2012/10/explore-world-with-tour-guide-and-3d.html |sarlavha=Explore the world with tour guide and 3D imagery in Google Earth 7 |nashriyot=Google LatLong Blog |qaralgan sana=July 24, 2016 |arxivsana=January 28, 2016 |arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160128194004/http://google-latlong.blogspot.ca/2012/10/explore-world-with-tour-guide-and-3d.html}}</ref>. Bu yirik shaharlardan boshlab bosqichma-bosqich amalga oshirildi. Ammo [[London]] va [[Toronto]] kabi shaharlarda bu ishamalga oshirilmadi ( ushbu shahardagi ko`plab binolarining batafsil tasvirini qayta ishlash uchun ko'proq vaqt talab etiladi). Buning sababi, 3D binolarda ko'proq bir xillikka ega bo'lish va bu texnologiyadan allaqachon foydalangan [[Here Technologies|Nokia Here]] va [[Apple Maps]] bilan raqobatlashishdir. O'sha yili to'rtta davlatning 21 shahrida 3Dlashtirish boshlandi<ref>{{Veb manbasi |url=https://venturebeat.com/2012/10/31/google-earth-adds-new-3d-imagery-in-21-cities-to-its-11000-guided-tours-of-our-planet/ |sarlavha=Google Earth adds new 3D imagery in 21 cities to its 11,000 guided tours of our planet |qaralgan sana=July 24, 2016 |sana=November 2012 |arxivsana=February 21, 2019 |arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190221000600/https://venturebeat.com/2012/10/31/google-earth-adds-new-3d-imagery-in-21-cities-to-its-11000-guided-tours-of-our-planet/}}</ref>. 2016-yil boshiga kelib, 3D tasvirlar 40 dan ortiq mamlakatlarda, jumladan, [[Shtat (AQSh)|AQShning har bir shtatida]] va Antarktidadan tashqari barcha qit'alarni qamrab olgan yuzlab shaharlarga kengaytirildi.

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