View source for California State Route 91

{{Short description|Highway in California}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2019}}
{{Infobox road
|state=CA
|type=SR
|route=91
|section=391
|map={{maplink-road|frame-height=240|from=California State Route 91.map}}
|map_custom=yes
|map_notes=SR&nbsp;91 highlighted in red, with relinquished portions in pink
|length_mi=59.047 
|length_notes= Portions of SR&nbsp;91 have been relinquished to or are otherwise maintained by local or other governments, and are not included in the length.
|length_ref=<ref name=trucklist/>
|history=1930s as a highway; 1964 as number
|tourist=[[File:California Scenic State.svg|20px|alt=|link=]] Riverside Freeway<ref>{{Caltrans scenic|access-date=March 27, 2019}}</ref>
|direction_a=West
|terminus_a=[[Vermont Avenue]] in [[Gardena, California|Gardena]]<ref name="CAhighwaycode">{{cite web|url= http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displayText.xhtml?lawCode=SHC&division=1.&title=&part=&chapter=2.&article=3.|title=Article 3 of Chapter 2 of Division 1 of the California Streets and Highways Code|work=[[California Office of Legislative Counsel]]|date=February 9, 2019}}</ref>
|junction={{plainlist
|*{{Jct|state=CA|I|110}} in [[Los Angeles, California|Los Angeles]]
*{{jct|state=CA|I|710}} in [[Long Beach, California|Long Beach]]
*{{jct|state=CA|SR|19}} in [[Bellflower, California|Bellflower]]
*{{Jct|state=CA|I|605}} in [[Cerritos, California|Cerritos]]
*{{jct|state=CA|I|5}} at the [[Buena Park, California|Buena Park]]–[[Fullerton, California|Fullerton]] border
*{{Jct|state=CA|SR|57}} in [[Anaheim, California|Anaheim]]
*{{Jct|state=CA|SR|55}} in [[Anaheim, California|Anaheim]]
*{{Jct|state=CA|SR-Toll|241}} in [[Yorba Linda, California|Yorba Linda]]
*{{Jct|state=CA|SR|71}} in [[Corona, California|Corona]]
*{{jct|state=CA|I|15}} in [[Corona, California|Corona]]
}}
|direction_b=East
|terminus_b={{jct|state=CA|I|215|SR|60}} in [[Riverside, California|Riverside]]
|counties=[[Los Angeles County, California|Los Angeles]], [[Orange County, California|Orange]], [[Riverside County, California|Riverside]]
|previous_type=CA
|previous_route=90
|next_type=SR
|next_route=92
|browse_route = US&nbsp;91, SR&nbsp;91
}}

'''State Route 91''' ('''SR&nbsp;91''') is a major east–west [[state highway]] in the U.S. state of [[California]] that serves several regions of the [[Greater Los Angeles]] urban area. A freeway throughout its entire length, it officially runs from [[Vermont Avenue]]<ref name="CAhighwaycode"/> in [[Gardena, California|Gardena]], just west of the junction with the Harbor Freeway ([[Interstate 110 (California)|Interstate 110]], I-110), east to [[Riverside, California|Riverside]] at the junction with the [[Pomona Freeway|Pomona]] ([[California State Route 60|SR&nbsp;60]] west of SR&nbsp;91) and [[Moreno Valley Freeway|Moreno Valley]] (SR&nbsp;60 and [[Interstate 215 (California)|I-215]] east of SR&nbsp;91) freeways.

Though signs along the portion from Vermont Avenue west to [[California State Route 1|Pacific Coast Highway (SR&nbsp;1)]] in [[Hermosa Beach, California|Hermosa Beach]] along [[Artesia Boulevard]] are still signed as SR&nbsp;91, the [[California Department of Transportation]] (Caltrans) no longer controls this portion of the highway, as this segment was relinquished to local jurisdictions in 2003.<ref name="CAhighwaycode"/>

SR&nbsp;91 inherited its route number from the mostly decommissioned [[U.S. Route 91]] (US&nbsp;91), which passed through the [[Inland Empire (California)|Inland Empire]] in a northeasterly direction on its way to [[Las Vegas]], [[Salt Lake City]], and points beyond. Those segments of US&nbsp;91 are now parallel to, or have been replaced altogether by, [[Interstate 15 in California|I-15]].

==Route description==
From the [[Harbor Freeway]] (I-110) to its interchange with the [[Long Beach Freeway]] (I-710) in northern [[Long Beach, California|Long Beach]], SR&nbsp;91 is named the Gardena Freeway. Between the Long Beach Freeway and its interchange with the [[Santa Ana Freeway]] (I-5) in [[Buena Park, California|Buena Park]], it is named the Artesia Freeway. From the Santa Ana Freeway to its eastern terminus at the interchange of the Pomona, Moreno Valley, and Escondido Freeways, it is named the Riverside Freeway.

[[Control city|Control cities]] on the route vary by location. Heading westbound, between SR 60/I-215 and the Orange County line, the control city is [[Beach Cities]]. With SR 241 heading towards [[Irvine, California|Irvine]], [[Laguna Beach, California|Laguna Beach]], and the rest of south Orange County, the control city becomes [[Los Angeles]] between the Orange–Riverside county line and I-5. I-5 directs travelers to Los Angeles so between I-5 and Pioneer Boulevard, the control city is [[Artesia, California|Artesia]]. Between Pioneer Boulevard and SR 1, the control city becomes Beach Cities again besides Carmenita Road in Cerritos, the control city is in [[Long Beach]]. Heading eastbound, the control city for the entire route is [[Riverside, California|Riverside]]. The Beach Cities control city may have to do with SR&nbsp;91's former western terminus in Hermosa Beach.

SR&nbsp;91 is part of the [[California Freeway and Expressway System]],<ref name="cafes">{{CAFESystem}}</ref> and is part of the [[National Highway System (United States)|National Highway System]],<ref name=fhwa-nhs>{{FHWA NHS map|region=losangeles|access-date=October 8, 2017}}<br>{{FHWA NHS map|region=riverside|access-date=October 8, 2017}}</ref> a network of highways that are considered essential to the country's economy, defense, and mobility by the [[Federal Highway Administration]].<ref name=NHS-FHWA>{{FHWA NHS}}</ref> SR&nbsp;91 is part of the [[State Scenic Highway System (California)|State Scenic Highway System]] from [[California State Route 55|SR 55]] to the east city limit of [[Anaheim, California|Anaheim]], in the western part of the [[Santa Ana Canyon]],<ref name="caltransscenic">{{Caltrans scenic|access-date=October 8, 2017}}</ref> and is eligible for the system through the canyon to [[Interstate 15 in California|Interstate 15]].<ref name="scenic">{{CA scenic}}</ref>

===Gardena Freeway===
The '''Gardena Freeway''' is a [[freeway]] in southern [[Los Angeles County, California|Los Angeles County]]. It is the westernmost freeway portion of State Route 91. It begins just west of the [[Interstate 110 and State Route 110 (California)|Harbor Freeway]] at the intersection with [[Vermont Avenue]] in the eastern edge of the city of [[Gardena, California|Gardena]], proceeding eastward approximately six miles (10&nbsp;km) until it intersects the Long Beach Freeway. Thereafter, SR&nbsp;91 is known as the Artesia Freeway.

Until 1991, the Gardena Freeway was known as the '''Redondo Beach Freeway'''. The name change reflected the successful efforts of the cities of [[Torrance, California|Torrance]] and [[Redondo Beach, California|Redondo Beach]] to block the extension of the freeway westward to its intended terminus at the cancelled '''Pacific Coast Freeway''' in Redondo Beach. In 1997, the California government dedicated the portion of SR&nbsp;91 between Alameda Street and Central Avenue to former assemblyman Willard H. Murray Jr.

===Artesia Freeway===
The '''Artesia Freeway''' is a [[freeway]] in southeastern [[Los Angeles County, California|Los Angeles County]] and northwestern [[Orange County, California|Orange County]]. It runs east–west from its western terminus at the Long Beach Freeway in northern [[Long Beach, California|Long Beach]] to its eastern terminus at the [[Santa Ana Freeway]] in [[Buena Park, California|Buena Park]]. (SR&nbsp;91 continues west of the Long Beach Freeway as the Gardena Freeway, and east of the Santa Ana Freeway as the Riverside Freeway.) The "Artesia Freeway" name originally was assigned to the entire length of SR&nbsp;91 west of the Santa Ana Freeway in the early 1970s since it was, in sense, the freeway realignment of SR&nbsp;91 from the paralleling '''Artesia Boulevard'''.

During the [[1984 Summer Olympics]], a {{convert|25|km|mi|abbr=on}} stretch of the highway was home to the [[Cycling at the 1984 Summer Olympics|cycling men's road team time trial event]].<ref>{{cite book |author= Los Angeles Olympic Organizing Committee |year= 1985 |url= http://www.la84foundation.org/6oic/OfficialReports/1984/1984v1pt1.pdf |title= Official Report of the Games of the XXIIIrd Olympiad Los Angeles, 1984 |publisher= Los Angeles Olympic Organizing Committee |volume= 1, part 1 |pages= 113–6 |isbn= 978-0-9614512-0-2 |access-date= September 5, 2010 |archive-date= November 2, 2010 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20101102235952/http://www.la84foundation.org/6oic/OfficialReports/1984/1984v1pt1.pdf |url-status= dead }}</ref>

As the only freeway to link [[Los Angeles County, California|Los Angeles]], [[Orange County, California|Orange]], and [[Riverside County, California|Riverside]] counties, SR&nbsp;91 is one of the most heavily congested routes in Southern California.

===Riverside Freeway===
[[File:Ca-91 E near Ca-71.JPG|thumb|Eastbound SR&nbsp;91 just before SR 71 in February 2008 before the toll lane extension]]
[[File:Route 91 Express Lanes Eastbound Entrance.jpg|thumb|Eastbound SR&nbsp;91 at SR 55 (right) and [[91 Express Lanes]] (left) in June 2022]]
[[File:CA91 cl 30-4 east lg.jpg|thumb|Easterly view approaching SR 57 in October 2011]]

Between the [[Santa Ana Freeway]], [[Interstate 5 in California|Interstate 5]] (I-5), in [[Buena Park, California|Buena Park]] and the 91 Freeway's eastern terminus at a junction with [[Interstate 215 (California)|Interstate 215]] and [[California State Route 60|State Route 60]] in [[Riverside, California|Riverside]], the 91 Freeway's assigned name is the '''[[Riverside Freeway]]'''. Past the I-215/SR 60/SR 91 junction, the Riverside Freeway continues as I-215.

The freeway through the [[Santa Ana Canyon]] is paralleled by the [[91/Perris Valley Line]] of [[Metrolink (California)|Metrolink]]. Named after SR 91, the line also connects Los Angeles to Orange and Riverside counties.

A [[weigh station]] for both directions is located between the [[Imperial Highway]] and Yorba Linda Boulevard/Weir Canyon Road exits.

In 2003, Caltrans permanently closed off the Coal Canyon Road westbound and eastbound exits and entrances for environmental purposes; however, there are still traces of unmaintained road where the former exit lay, showing evidence that the ramps still exist, available to use as runaway ramps or for emergency stops. 

In 2015, Caltrans permanently closed off the Grand Boulevard eastbound exit and westbound entrance to accommodate the widening of the freeway. If the ramps had stayed open, more businesses and houses would have been demolished. The ramps were scrapped with the widening and there is no emergency exit.

The Riverside Freeway first opened in 1963 signed as [[U.S. Route 91 (California)|U.S. Route 91]] and [[U.S. Route 395 (California)|U.S. Route 395]] and the last section was built in 1975.

===91 Express Lanes===
The 91 Express Lanes are {{convert|18|mi|km|adj=on}} [[High-occupancy toll|high-occupancy toll lanes]] (HOT lanes) contained entirely within the [[Central reservation|median]] of the Riverside Freeway in [[Orange County, California|Orange]] and [[Riverside County, California|Riverside]] counties. The 91 Express Lanes run from the junction of SR&nbsp;91 with the [[California State Route 55|SR 55]] Freeway (Costa Mesa Freeway) in [[Anaheim, California|Anaheim]] to its junction with [[Interstate 15 in California|I-15]] in [[Corona, California|Corona]]. Before the extension in 2017, they ended at the Riverside County line. With the extension of the toll lanes, the HOV lane between I-15 and Green River Road was converted into a HOT lane. The primary purpose of the toll lanes is to provide a faster output for drivers due to the congestion the highway experiences during peak hours, and to promote carpooling. The toll lanes opened in 1995 and when they opened, it was the country's first fully-automated toll collection system to feature value pricing.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.91expresslanes.com/general-info | title=General Info |publisher= 91 Express Lanes | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180828023529/https://www.91expresslanes.com/general-info/ | archive-date=August 28, 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

The 91 Express Lanes consist of two primary lanes in each direction, separated from the main lanes of the Riverside Freeway with white, {{convert|3|ft|m|adj=mid|-high}}, plastic lane markers (as opposed to concrete barriers or a similar solid barrier, or even just double white lines separating many other California HOT lanes). Entry and exit points for the 91 Express Lanes are only located at their west and east ends, and at the Orange–Riverside county line where the toll road originally terminated before 2017.<ref name="91FAQ">{{cite web |url=https://www.91expresslanes.com/faqs/ |title= Frequently Asked Questions |publisher= 91 Express Lanes |access-date= August 14, 2022}}</ref>  

All tolls are collected using an [[open road tolling]] system, and therefore there are no toll booths to receive cash. Each vehicle is required to carry a [[FasTrak]] transponder.<ref name="91FAQ"/> The 91 Express Lanes use a [[variable pricing]] system based on the time of day. The road is not truly [[congestion pricing|congestion priced]] because toll rates come from a preset schedule and are not based on actual congestion. {{As of|July 2022}}, the highest toll rate on the tollway, charged 2:00&nbsp;pm to 3:00&nbsp;pm eastbound on Fridays, is $14.24 to travel the entire length ($8.60 on the Orange County segment, plus $5.65 on the Riverside County segment).<ref name="91Tolls">{{cite web |url=https://www.91expresslanes.com/general-info/toll-schedules/ |title= Toll Schedules |publisher= 91 Express Lanes |access-date= August 14, 2022}}</ref> The highest toll in the morning rush hour, charged 7:00&nbsp;am to 7:59&nbsp;am westbound Monday to Thursday, is $15.35 ($9.40 on the Riverside County segment, plus $5.95 on the Orange County segment).<ref name="91Tolls"/> Carpools with three or more people are charged  50&nbsp;percent of the posted toll when traveling eastbound from 4:00&nbsp;pm to 6:00&nbsp;pm on weekdays, and travel toll-free at all other times, if they use the designated carpool lane at the toll collection points. Drivers without any FasTrak tag will be assessed a toll violation regardless of whether they qualified for the carpool discounts.<ref name="91FAQ"/>

A toll policy is published which states the criteria where tolls will be raised. The policy is designed to "a) reduce the likelihood of congestion by diverting traffic to other hours with available capacity; b) maintain free flow travel speed in the 91 Express Lanes; c) maintain travel time savings; d) accommodate projected growth in travel demand and; e) ensure that the toll road generates sufficient revenue to effectively operate the toll lanes and maintain a strong debt service position."{{citation needed|date=May 2017}}<!--direct quotation MUST be specifically cited.--> Changes to the toll schedule require ten days notification to the public and the OCTA board. Once tolls are changed during the super peak period, they may not be changed again for six months. All tolls increase annually due to inflation.<ref name="91Policy">{{cite web |author= 91 Express Lanes |url= http://www.91expresslanes.com/policies.asp |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110307145714/http://www.91expresslanes.com/policies.asp |url-status= dead |archive-date= March 7, 2011 |publisher= 91 Express Lanes (Orange County Transportation Authority) |title= Toll Policy |date= July 14, 2003 |access-date= August 29, 2011 }}</ref> Despite this, the toll lanes are generally free flowing during most peak hour conditions.<ref>{{cite news |first= Peter |last= Samuel |date= February 22, 2006 |title= California's 91XL Max Tolls Going to 85c/mile |url= http://tollroadsnews.info/artman/publish/article_1277.shtml |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080522090853/http://tollroadsnews.info/artman/publish/article_1277.shtml |archive-date= May 22, 2008 |work= TollRoadNews}}</ref>

==History==
===Original US 91: Barstow to Nevada===
{{Infobox road small
|state=CA
|type=US
|route=91
|header_type=historic
|length_mi=
|length_round=
|length_ref=
|established={{start date|1926}}
|deleted={{end date|1974}}
|direction_a=South
|location=[[Long Beach, California|Long Beach]] to [[Nevada]] state line near [[Primm, Nevada|Primm]]
}}
The [[Arrowhead Trail (auto trail)|Arrowhead Trail]], an [[auto trail]] connecting [[Salt Lake City]] with [[Los Angeles]], initially took a longer route via present [[US 95]] and former [[US 66 (CA)|US 66]] between Las Vegas and [[Needles, California|Needles]], as the more direct [[Old Spanish Trail (trade route)|Old Spanish Trail]] was in very poor condition.<ref>{{cite book |author= Automobile Blue Book |year= 1917 |title= Automobile Blue Book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=Mt0NAAAAYAAJ |volume= 8 |page= 501 |location= Chicago |publisher= Automobile Blue Book |via= [[Google Books]] |author-link= Automobile Blue Book }}</ref><ref>{{cite map|author=Clason Map Company|author-link=Clason Map Company|url=http://usautotrails.com/CaliforniaPage/ClasonsCaliforniaPage/image1.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200916015429/http://usautotrails.com/CaliforniaPage/ClasonsCaliforniaPage/image1.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=September 16, 2020 |title=Touring Atlas of the United States |year=1925 |publisher=Clawson Map Company }}</ref> The "[[Silver Lake, San Bernardino County, California|Silver Lake]] cutoff", which would save about 90 miles (145&nbsp;km),<ref>{{cite news |work= [[Van Nuys News]] |title= Auto Club News |date= December 21, 1923}} p. 11</ref> was proposed by 1920,<ref>{{cite news |work= [[Los Angeles Times]] |title= Brice Canyon, Zion Canyon National Park, Utah |date= December 26, 1920 |page= VIII1}}</ref> and completed in 1925 as an [[oiled road]] by [[San Bernardino County, California|San Bernardino County]].<!--did the Arrowhead Trail move to the Old Spanish Trail in 1924? did the 1925 route bypass Silver Lake?--><ref>{{cite web |first=Eric Charles |last=Nystrom |publisher=[[National Park Service]] |url=http://www.nps.gov/archive/moja/adminhist/adhi2a.htm |title=From Neglected Space to Protected Place: An Administrative History of Mojave National Preserve |date=March 2003 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090817190414/http://www.nps.gov/archive/moja/adminhist/adhi2a.htm |archive-date=August 17, 2009 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |work= Los Angeles Times |title= State Takes Over Cut-off to Nevada Line |date= October 25, 1925 |page= G12}}</ref> The [[Bureau of Public Roads]] and the state of [[Nevada]] both urged its inclusion in the state highway system, the former as part of the [[federal aid]] highway connecting Salt Lake City and Los Angeles,<ref name=1925report>{{cite book |author1= California Highway Advisory Committee |first2= Arthur Hastings |last2= Breed |name-list-style= amp |title= Report of a Study of the State Highway System of California |publisher= California State Printing Office |year= 1925 |page= 97}}</ref> and the state legislature did that in 1925,<ref>{{cite CAstat|year=1925|ch=369|p=670}}</ref> with it becoming an extension of [[Legislative Route 31 (California pre-1964)|Route 31]]. (Across the state line, [[Nevada State Route 6 (1919–1976)|State Route 6]] continued through Las Vegas to [[Arizona]].) The initial plan for the [[U.S. Highway system]] simply stated that Route No. 91 would run from Las Vegas "to an intersection with Route No. 60" (which became US 66 in 1926),<ref name="1925 list">{{cite book |type= Report |author = Joint Board on Interstate Highways |year = 1925 |chapter = Appendix VI: Descriptions of the Interstate Routes Selected, with Numbers Assigned |chapter-url = https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Report_of_Joint_Board_on_Interstate_Highways_October_30,_1925#56 |title = Report of Joint Board on Interstate Highways, October 30, 1925, Approved by the Secretary of Agriculture, November 18, 1925 |location= Washington, DC |publisher= [[United States Department of Agriculture]]  |page = 56 |id= {{OCLC|733875457|55123355|71026428}} |via = [[Wikisource]] |access-date = November 14, 2017 }}</ref> but in 1926 the cutoff was chosen, ending at US 66 at [[Daggett, California|Daggett]], just east of Barstow.<ref name="1926 map">{{cite map |author1= [[Bureau of Public Roads]] |author2= [[American Association of State Highway Officials]] |date= November 11, 1926 |title= United States System of Highways Adopted for Uniform Marking by the American Association of State Highway Officials |url= https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:United_States_System_of_Highways_Adopted_for_Uniform_Marking_by_the_American_Association_of_State_Highway_Officials.jpg |scale= 1:7,000,000 |location= Washington, DC |publisher= [[United States Geological Survey]] |oclc= 32889555 |access-date= November 7, 2013 |via= [[Wikimedia Commons]] |name-list-style= amp}}</ref><!--looks like they erroneously drew it along the railroad alignment--><ref name="1927 log">{{cite journal |title= United States Numbered Highways |journal= [[American Highways]] |date= April 1927}}</ref> (The roadway south from Las Vegas later became part of US 95.) The route was added to the federal-aid secondary system in 1926,<ref>{{cite news |work= Los Angeles Times |title= Silver Lake Cut-off to Get Federal Aid |date= February 14, 1926 |page= G5}}</ref> which helped pay for a mid-1930s widening and paving, including some realignments (parts of the old road are now known as Arrowhead Trail).<!--more details? Mountain Pass to Nevada was all bypassed, as were other significant portions--> The new routing generally followed the present [[Interstate 15 in California|I-15]], except through [[Baker, California|Baker]] (where it used Baker Boulevard) and into Barstow (where it followed former [[California State Route 58|SR 58]] to First Avenue, ending at Main Street, which carried US 66).<ref>{{cite map|author=United States Geological Survey|author-link=United States Geological Survey|url=http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/EART/CA/CA_125k/ |title=Barstow |year=1934 |scale=1:125000 |location=Reston, VA |publisher=United States Geological Survey }} {{cite map|author=United States Geological Survey |url=http://cricket.csuchico.edu/spcfotos/maps/topo_search.html |title=Avawatz Mountains |year=1933 |scale=1:250000 |location=Reston, VA |publisher=United States Geological Survey }}{{dead link|date=November 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{cite map|author=United States Geological Survey |url=http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/EART/CA/CA_125k/ |title=Ivanpah |year=1942 |scale=1:250000 |location=Reston, VA |publisher=United States Geological Survey }}</ref><!--this may need some better sources-->

===SR 18: former extension of US 91 through Santa Ana Canyon to Long Beach===
US 91 was extended southwest to [[Long Beach, California|Long Beach]] in the late 1940s.<ref>{{cite map |author= Rand McNally |author-link= Rand McNally |url= http://www.broermapsonline.org/members/NorthAmerica/UnitedStates/Southwest/randmcnally_ra_1946_019.html |title= Road Atlas |year= 1946 |location= Chicago |publisher= Rand McNally}}</ref> Beginning at Barstow, the extension [[overlap (road)|overlap]]ped [[U.S. Route 66 in California|US 66]] over [[Cajon Pass]] to [[San Bernardino, California|San Bernardino]]. From San Bernardino west through [[Riverside, California|Riverside]] and [[Santa Ana Canyon]] to [[Olive, California|Olive]], the state took over a mostly paved [[county highway]]<ref name=1925report/><ref>{{cite book |first= Ben |last= Blow |title= California Highways: A Descriptive Record of Road Development by the State and by Such Counties as Have Paved Highways |year= 1920 |url= https://archive.org/details/californiahighwa00blowrich  |via= Archive.org |pages= [https://archive.org/details/californiahighwa00blowrich/page/194 194]–195, 200}}</ref> in 1931 as part of an extension of [[Legislative Route 43 (California pre-1964)|Route 43]] to [[Newport Beach, California|Newport Beach]] via [[Santa Ana, California|Santa Ana]].<ref>{{cite CAstat|year=1931|ch=82|p=102}} "State Highway Route 43, Waterman canyon via Santa Ana canyon to Newport Beach."</ref> Two branches leading west from Route 43 near Olive along mostly constructed county roads were added in 1933: '''Route 175''' along Orangethorpe Avenue and Artesia Boulevard from near the mouth of the canyon west to [[Legislative Route 60 (California pre-1964)|Route 60]] (now [[California State Route 1|SR 1]]) in [[Hermosa Beach, California|Hermosa Beach]] (unconstructed through [[Compton, California|Compton]] until the mid-1950s<ref>{{cite map |author= H.M. Gousha Company |author-link= H.M. Gousha Company |url= http://members.cox.net/mkpl5/hist2/LA-1941.jpg |title= Los Angeles and Vicinity |year= 1941 |publisher= H.M. Gousha Company |access-date= February 9, 2016 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110629040400/http://members.cox.net/mkpl5/hist2/LA-1941.jpg |archive-date= June 29, 2011 |url-status= dead |df= mdy-all }}</ref><ref name=1955la/><ref>[[National Bridge Inventory]] database, 2006: the bridge over [[Compton Creek]] and [[Alameda Street]] is dated 1956.{{full citation needed|date=October 2015}}</ref>), and '''Route 178''' along Lincoln Avenue and Carson Street from Olive west to [[Legislative Route 168 (California pre-1964)|Route 168]] (now [[California State Route 19|SR 19]]) in [[Lakewood, California|Lakewood]].<ref>{{cite CAstat|year=1933|ch=767|p=2040}} "State Highway Route 60 near Hermosa Beach to State Highway Route 43 in Santa Ana Canyon via Artesia Avenue." "Cerritos Avenue to State Highway Route 43 near Olive via Anaheim."</ref><ref>{{cite CAstat|year=1935|ch=29|p=277, 278, 286}} "Route 31 is from: (a) San Bernardino to the Nevada State line near Calada, via Barstow. (b) Route 26 near Colton to Route 9 near San Bernardino via Mt. Vernon Avenue." "Route 43 is from Newport Beach to Route 31 at Victorville, via Santa Ana Canyon, San Bernardino, Waterman Canyon, "Crest Drive" into Bear Valley, Big Bear Lake and Baldwin Lake. Route 43 includes a highway around Big Bear Lake." "Route 175 is from Route 60 near Hermosa Beach to Route 43 in Santa Ana Canyon via Artesia Avenue." "Route 178 is from Cerritos Avenue to Route 43 near Olive via Anaheim."</ref> When state routes were marked in 1934, Route 175 became '''Sign Route 14''', and [[California State Route 18|Sign Route 18]] included all of Route 178 and most of Route 43 into the [[San Bernardino Mountains]].<ref>{{cite map |author= Rand McNally & Company |url= http://members.cox.net/mkpl2/hist/droz-laca33n.jpg |title= Los Angeles & Vicinity |year= 1933 |location= Chicago |publisher= Rand McNally & Company |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110726002930/http://members.cox.net/mkpl2/hist/droz-laca33n.jpg |archive-date= July 26, 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{cite map |author= H.M. Gousha Company |url= http://www.socalregion.com/highways/maps/1935-los-angeles/ |title= Los Angeles and Vicinity |year= 1935 |publisher= h.M. Gousha Company}}</ref><!--shows SR 10 on SR 14 east of Buena Park&nbsp;— how temporary was this?--> When US 91 was extended to Long Beach, it overlapped SR 18 from San Bernardino to Lakewood, where it turned south along [[California State Route 19|SR 19]] to the [[Los Alamitos Traffic Circle]]. There it turned west along [[U.S. Route 101 Alternate (Long Beach, California)|US 101 Alternate]] to near downtown Long Beach, where it ended at [[California State Route 15 (pre-1964)|SR 15]] ([[Atlantic Avenue (Los Angeles County)|Atlantic Avenue]]), at a terminus shared with [[U.S. Route 6 in California|US 6]]. (This routing along SR 19 and US 101 Alt. also became an extension of SR 18.)<ref name=1955la>{{cite map |author= H.M. Gousha Company |url= http://members.cox.net/mkpl2/hist/map-ca1955-la.jpg |title= Enlarged Map of the Los Angeles District |year= 1955 |publisher= H.M. Gousha Company |access-date= November 29, 2011 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110726003121/http://members.cox.net/mkpl2/hist/map-ca1955-la.jpg |archive-date= July 26, 2011 |url-status= dead |df= mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite map |author= H.M. Gousha Company |url= http://geocities.com/usend3039/LongBeach/map_LB-1953.jpg |title= Long Beach |year= 1953 |publisher= H.M. Gousha Company |access-date= July 5, 2010 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20091027185444/http://geocities.com/usend3039/LongBeach/map_LB-1953.jpg |archive-date= October 27, 2009 |url-status= dead |df= mdy-all }}</ref>

In 1935, the state improved the alignment between Fairmont Boulevard and Gypsum Canyon Road, including a bypass of the old road, which curved along the south slope of the canyon, east of Weir Canyon Road.<!--was anything more bypassed west of there? I'm missing topos from there--><ref>{{cite news |work= Los Angeles Times |title= Old Canyon Road Now Being Improved |date= April 21, 1935 |page= E4}}</ref> In the late 1930s, the [[Prado Dam]] project resulted in the bypassing of a longer section, replacing Prado Road, an abandoned road curving to the east end of the dam, Pomona Rincon Road, Auto Center Drive, Pomona Road, and Yorba Street with the present Green River Road, Palisades Drive, part of SR&nbsp;91, and 6th Street.<ref name=Prado>{{cite map |author= United States Geological Survey |url= http://maps.csuchico.edu:9001/StyleServer/calcrgn?browser=win_ie&cat=Maps&item=/CA_2610.sid&wid=520&hei=500&style=default/view.xsl |title= Prado |scale= 1:31680 |year= 1933 |location= Reston, VA |publisher= United States Geological Survey |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120209133916/http://maps.csuchico.edu:9001/StyleServer/calcrgn?browser=win_ie&cat=Maps&item=%2FCA_2610.sid&wid=520&hei=500&style=default%2Fview.xsl |archive-date= February 9, 2012 }} "routes usually traveled" as of 1941</ref><ref name=Corona>{{cite map |author= United States Geological Survey |url= http://maps.csuchico.edu:9001/StyleServer/calcrgn?browser=win_ie&cat=Maps&item=/CA_866.sid&wid=520&hei=500&style=default/view.xsl |title= Corona and Vicinity |scale= 1:31680 |year= 1933 |location= Reston, VA |publisher= United States Geological Survey |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120209133757/http://maps.csuchico.edu:9001/StyleServer/calcrgn?browser=win_ie&cat=Maps&item=%2FCA_866.sid&wid=520&hei=500&style=default%2Fview.xsl |archive-date= February 9, 2012 }} "routes usually traveled" as of 1941</ref>

===SR 14: present SR&nbsp;91 to Hermosa Beach===
Before the present freeway was constructed, SR 14 ran along Gould Avenue, Redondo Beach Boulevard, Compton Boulevard, Alameda Street, Artesia Avenue, La Habra Boulevard, Firestone Boulevard and Orangethorpe Avenue.<ref>{{cite map |url=http://www.socalregion.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/los_angeles_1939.jpg |title=Map of Los Angeles and Vicinity |year=1939}}{{full citation needed|date=October 2015}}</ref>  In the [[1964 state highway renumbering (California)|1964 renumbering]], SR 14 was renumbered to SR&nbsp;91.

Prior to 1991, the Gardena Freeway was known as the '''Redondo Beach Freeway''', referring to [[Caltrans]]'s original intention for the freeway portion of the route to continue all the way to the never-built Pacific Coast Freeway.

Before 1997, Caltrans controlled maintenance of SR&nbsp;91 up to [[California State Route 1|State Route 1]] in [[Hermosa Beach, California|Hermosa Beach]]. The portion between [[Vermont Avenue]] and [[Western Avenue (Los Angeles)|Western Avenue]] was relinquished to [[Gardena, California|Gardena]] in 1997. In 2003, the western portion, from SR 1 to Western Avenue, was relinquished to the cities that the road goes through.

The first segment of the freeway was built in 1965 as US 91, and the last segment was built in 1975. Despite the relinquishments, however, [[Artesia Boulevard]] between I-110 and SR 1 is still signed off as SR&nbsp;91.

===Construction of the 91 Express Lanes===
Due to rapid population growth and the decline in the availability of affordable housing closer to job centers in [[Orange County, California|Orange County]], new residential development began in earnest in western [[Riverside County, California|Riverside County]] from the 1980s through today. This development is occurring in or around existing cities such as Riverside, Corona, Moreno Valley, Lake Elsinore, Murrieta, and Temecula. This development also led to the incorporation of the cities of Wildomar, Menifee, Eastvale, and Jurupa Valley.

As there are very few direct routes between Orange and Riverside counties because of the [[Santa Ana Mountains]] that separate them, the Riverside Freeway is subject to high traffic volumes, composed primarily of commuters traveling between their jobs in Orange County and their homes in Riverside County (often referred to by traffic reporters as "The Corona Crawl").<ref>{{cite web |first= Brian J. |last= McCabe |date= October 2004|title= Hot or Not: Are New Toll Lanes a Fair Price to Pay for Driving?
|url= http://www.americancity.org/article.php?id_article=20 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080210002931/http://americancity.org/article.php?id_article=20 |archive-date=February 10, 2008 |work= The Next American City}}</ref> Typical peak period delays were 30–40 minutes in each direction in the ten miles (16&nbsp;km) of the tollway before construction.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://ceenve.calpoly.edu/sullivan/SR91/final_rpt/execsumm.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20061126073118/http://ceenve.calpoly.edu/sullivan/SR91/final_rpt/execsumm.pdf |archive-date= November 26, 2006 |title= Evaluating the Impacts of the SR&nbsp;91 Variable-Toll Express Lane Facility Final Report |date= May 1998 }}{{full citation needed|date=October 2015}}</ref>

[[File:91 WEST and 710.jpg|thumb|left| Westbound Artesia Freeway (SR&nbsp;91) at the interchange with the Long Beach Freeway (I-710) in August 2013]]

Solutions to the traffic problem were limited. The chosen solution was to create a toll road in the median of the freeway. This original section of the 91 Express Lanes operated between the [[Costa Mesa Freeway]] ([[California State Route 55|SR 55]]) interchange in eastern [[Anaheim, California|Anaheim]] and the Orange–Riverside county line, a distance of about {{convert|10|mi|km}}. The project was developed in partnership with the [[California Department of Transportation]] (Caltrans) by California Private Transportation Company (CPTC), which formally transferred ownership of the facility to the State of California prior to opening the project to traffic on December 27, 1995. Caltrans then leased the toll road back to CPTC for a 35-year operating period. The new lanes have been officially designated a part of the state highway system.<ref>{{cite news |url= http://www.nctimes.com/articles/2005/12/26/news/californian/122505203232.txt |title= Highway 91 Toll Lanes Turn 10 |work= The Californian / North County Times |date= December 26, 2005 |access-date= September 24, 2011}}</ref> The [[California Highway Patrol]] (CHP) is responsible for providing police services at CPTC's expense. Maintenance and operational costs for the facility are also the responsibility of CPTC.

In April 2002, the [[Orange County Transportation Authority]] (OCTA) reached an agreement in concept to purchase the private toll road project for $207.5 million. The OCTA took possession of the toll road on January 3, 2003, marking the first time the 91 Express Lanes was managed by public officials. Within a few months, OCTA turned the lanes into the HOT / tollway hybrid that it is today.<ref>{{cite web |author= Orange County Transportation Authority |date= March 12, 2007 |url= http://www.octa.net/presentation/031207/91lanes.pdf |title= 91 Express Lanes History |publisher= Orange County Transportation Authority |access-date= October 9, 2014 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070928062449/http://www.octa.net/presentation/031207/91lanes.pdf |archive-date= September 28, 2007}}</ref> One of the primary investors in CPTC, [[Cofiroute USA]], continues to manage and operate the lanes under a management contract with OCTA.<ref>{{cite book |author= Orange County Transportation Authority |year=2007 |title= The Amazing True Tales from the 91 Express Lanes |type= Annual report |url= http://www.octa.net/91annual07b/test.pdf |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120324085527/http://www.octa.net/91annual07b/test.pdf |archive-date= March 24, 2012 |publisher= Orange County Transportation Authority}}</ref>

Opening in 1995, the 91 Express Lanes was the first privately funded tollway built in the United States since the 1940s, and the first fully automated tollway in the world.

The express lanes have been controversial because of a non-compete agreement that the state made with CPTC. The clause, which was negotiated by Caltrans and never was brought to the legislature, prevented any improvements along {{convert|30|mi|km}} of the Riverside Freeway to ensure profit for the express lanes. This includes restricting the state from widening the free lanes or building mass transit near the freeway. CPTC filed a lawsuit against Caltrans over freeway widening related to the interchange with the [[California State Route 241|Eastern Transportation Corridor]], which was dismissed once the purchase with OCTA was finalized.<ref>{{cite journal |first= Willard T. |last= Price |title= An Odyssey of Privatizing Highways: The Evolving Case of SR&nbsp;91 |volume= 5 |issue= 4 |page= 259 |journal= Public Works Management & Policy |date= April 2001 |doi= 10.1177/1087724X0154001 |s2cid= 154129775 }}</ref> Following the settlement, an additional lane was added for a {{convert|5|mi|km|adj=on}} segment eastbound from SR 241 to SR 71.

However, as a result of the controversy, more toll road advocates favor creating local agencies similar to transportation corridor agencies to build and maintain future tollways. New toll roads would be financed with tax-exempt bonds on a stand-alone basis, meaning that taxpayers would not be responsible for repaying any debt if toll revenues fall short. Also, there would be a less restrictive non-compete clause: they would be compensated only for any revenue loss caused by improvements near the toll roads.<ref>{{cite web | title = Alternatives to Non-Compete Clauses in Toll Development Agreements | author1 = K. R. Persad | author2 = C. M. Walton | author3 = J. Wilke | publisher = Center for Transportation Research | date = October 2005 | url = https://ctr.utexas.edu/wp-content/uploads/pubs/0_5020_1.pdf}}</ref>

In the mid-2010s, the [[Riverside County Transportation Commission]] extended the 91 Express Lanes east from their previous terminus at the Orange–Riverside county line to the I-15 interchange in [[Corona, California|Corona]]; this extension opened to traffic on March 20, 2017.<ref name="sr91project">{{cite web |url= http://sr91project.info/home.php |title= SR&nbsp;91 Fast-Forward Project |publisher= Riverside County Transportation Commission |access-date= May 26, 2017}}</ref> Both Orange and Riverside County transportation agencies co-manage the 91 Express Lanes.<ref>{{cite news |url= http://www.ocregister.com/articles/lanes-332894-express-county.html |title= 91 Toll Lanes Could Be Extended to Corona |work= Orange Country Register |date= August 21, 2013 |access-date= July 9, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.latimes.com/local/california/la-me-california-commute-20150804-story.html|title=On 91 Freeway, a $2-billion effort to keep up with increasing traffic|last=Weikel|first=Dan|date=August 4, 2015|newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]]|access-date=June 5, 2016}}</ref>

==Future==
In 2005, evaluations were made about the feasibility of constructing two tunnels through the [[Santa Ana Mountains]] which could carry 72,000 cars per day and allow for a commuter rail service between [[Corona, California|Corona]] and [[Irvine, California|Irvine]]. The financial and technical evaluations found that in the current financial environment, building the tunnels would not be financially or technologically feasible. Additional study of the Irvine Corona Expressway tunnel project has been deferred until such time as financial considerations improve and/or technological advancements warrant reexamination.<ref>{{cite web|author1=Orange County Transportation Authority |author2=Riverside County Transportation Commission |name-list-style=amp |url=http://www.octa.net/ice.aspx |publisher=Orange County Transportation Authority |title=Irvine-Corona Expressway |access-date=October 9, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121010145914/http://octa.net/ice.aspx |archive-date=October 10, 2012 }}</ref> If built, the Irvine-Corona Expressway would follow a similar route to the 91 Freeway and is designed to reduce the growing traffic congestion on SR&nbsp;91 that prompted the construction of the [[91 Express Lanes]]. If completed, the Irvine-Corona Expressway is projected to be the longest traffic tunnel in North America, approximately {{convert|11.5|mi|km}}. One tunnel would be a reversible two-lane freeway for autos and trucks, the direction reversed based on time of day. It would carry westbound traffic in the morning hours, and eastbound traffic during the afternoon and early evening hours. The second tunnel would be slated exclusively for [[light rail]] commuter train service. The proposed tunnels are opposed by environmental groups, cities in Orange County near the terminus of the proposed road, and by the [[Irvine Company]], which believes that the tunnel is not necessary and distracts from short-term solutions such as freeway widening.<ref>{{cite news |url= http://www.nctimes.com/articles/2005/12/13/news/californian/121205212424.txt |title= Orange County OKs More Study of Tunnel |work= The Californian / North County Times |date= December 13, 2005 |access-date= September 24, 2011}}</ref>

Numerous other projects by the Orange County Transportation Authority are currently underway or in the planning phases for distant completion, some as far out as the year 2030.<ref>{{cite web |author= Orange County Transportation Authority |year= 2008 |title= A Better 91 |url= http://www.octa.net/abetter91.aspx |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090210212747/http://www.octa.net/abetter91.aspx |archive-date= February 10, 2009 |publisher= Orange County Transportation Authority}}</ref>

==Exit list==
{{CAinttop|exit|post_ref=<br><ref name=trucklist /><ref name=bridgelog>{{Caltrans bridgelog|date=July 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=California Department of Transportation |publisher=California Department of Transportation |url=http://traffic-counts.dot.ca.gov/2006all.htm |title=All Traffic Volumes on CSHS |year=2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721033203/http://traffic-counts.dot.ca.gov/2006all.htm |archive-date=July 21, 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author= California Department of Transportation |publisher= California Department of Transportation |url= http://traffic-counts.dot.ca.gov/1999all.htm |title= All Traffic Volumes on CSHS |year= 1999 |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120209171824/http://traffic-counts.dot.ca.gov/1999all.htm |archive-date= February 9, 2012 }} (the last year before it was updated to remove the relinquished part)</ref>|exit_ref=<br><ref>{{cite web |first= AS |last= Chand |date= September 16, 2016 |publisher= California Department of Transportation |work= [[California Numbered Exit Uniform System]] |url= http://www.dot.ca.gov/trafficops/exit/docs/91.pdf |title= SR&nbsp;91 |access-date= October 8, 2017 }}</ref>
}}
{{CAint|exit
|county=Los Angeles
|cspan=30
|county_note=LA 0.00-R20.74
|location1=Hermosa Beach
|location2=Redondo Beach
|lspan=2
|postmile=0.00<ref name="West end" group=lower-alpha>Postmiles are measured from SR&nbsp;91's original western end at SR 1, before that segment east to Vermont Avenue was deleted and relinquished to local control.</ref>
|pmspan=2
|exit=
|espan=6
|road=Gould Avenue
|notes=Continuation beyond SR 1
}}
{{CAint
|mile=none
|road={{Jct|state=CA|SR|1|name1=[[Pacific Coast Highway (California)|Pacific Coast Highway]], [[Sepulveda Boulevard]]}}
|notes=Original western terminus of SR 91
}}
{{CAint
|location1=Lawndale
|location2=Redondo Beach
|type=
|postmile=<ref name="West end" group=lower-alpha/>
|road={{Jct|state=CA|road|Redondo Beach Boulevard|I|405|to2=1|dir2=north|road|[[Hawthorne Boulevard (Los Angeles County)|Hawthorne Boulevard]] north}}
|notes=
}}
{{CAint
|location1=Redondo Beach
|location2=Torrance
|type=incomplete
|postmile=2.47<ref name="West end" group=lower-alpha/>
|road={{Jct|state=CA|SR|107|name1=[[Hawthorne Boulevard (Los Angeles County)|Hawthorne Boulevard]]}}
|notes=No left turn eastbound
}}
{{CAint
|location=Torrance
|postmile=3.07<ref name="West end" group=lower-alpha/>
|road={{Jct|state=CA|I|405|name1=[[Interstate 405 (California)|San Diego Freeway]]|city1=Long Beach|city2=Santa Monica}}
|notes=Interchange; former [[California State Route 7 (1934–1964)|SR 7]] south; I-405 exit 40 northbound, 40A southbound
}}
{{CAint
|location1=Gardena
|location2=Los Angeles
|type=trans
|postmile=6.01
|road=[[Vermont Avenue]]
|notes=West end of state maintenance; west end of Gardena Freeway<ref name=namedFreeways>{{cite web |author= California Department of Transportation |year= 2014 |title= Named Freeways, Highways, Structures and Other Appurtenances in California |url= http://www.dot.ca.gov/hq/tsip/hseb/products/Named_Freeways_Final.pdf |publisher= California Department of Transportation |access-date= June 20, 2015}}</ref>
}}
{{CAint|exit
|location=Los Angeles
|postmile=R6.34
|exit=6
|road={{Jct|state=CA|I|110|name1=[[Harbor Freeway]]|city1=San Pedro|city2=Los Angeles|to2=to|I|405}}
|notes=No exit number eastbound; exits to I-110 south provides direct access to I-405; I-110 exit 10A-B northbound; 10 southbound
}}
{{CAint|exit
|location=Carson
|lspan=2
|type=incomplete
|postmile=R6.90
|exit=7A
|road=[[Main Street (Los Angeles)|Main Street]]
|notes=No westbound entrance
}}
{{CAint|exit
|postmile=R7.43
|exit=7B
|road=[[Avalon Boulevard]]
|notes=
}}
{{CAint|exit
|location1=Carson
|location2=Compton
|postmile=R8.44
|exit=8
|road=[[Central Avenue (Los Angeles)|Central Avenue]]
|notes=
}}
{{CAint|exit
|location=Compton
|lspan=3
|postmile=R9.16
|exit=9
|road=Wilmington Avenue
|notes=
}}
{{CAint|exit
|type=incomplete
|postmile=R9.80
|exit=10A
|road=Acacia Avenue
|notes=Eastbound exit and westbound entrance
}}
{{CAint|exit
|type=incomplete
|postmile=R10.27
|postmile2=R10.41
|exit=10
|road=Santa Fe Avenue, [[Alameda Street]] ([[California State Route 47|SR&nbsp;47]] south)
|notes=Signed as exits 10B (Alameda Street) and 10C (Santa Fe Avenue) eastbound; no westbound entrance
}}
{{CAint|exit
|location=Long Beach
|lspan=5
|postmile=R11.10
|exit=11
|road=[[Long Beach Boulevard (California)|Long Beach Boulevard]]
|notes=
}}
{{CAint|exit
|postmile=R11.68
|exit=12A
|type=trans
|road={{Jct|state=CA|I|710|name1=[[Long Beach Freeway]]|city1=Long Beach|city2=Pasadena}}
|notes=Signed as exits 12A (south) and 12B (north) eastbound; I-710 exits 8A-B; east end of Gardena Freeway; west end of Artesia Freeway<ref name=namedFreeways/>
}}
{{CAint|exit
|postmile=R12.09
|exit=12B
|road=[[Atlantic Boulevard (Los Angeles County)|Atlantic Avenue]]
|notes=Signed as exit 12C eastbound; former [[California State Route 15 (pre-1964)|SR 15]]
}}
{{CAint|exit
|postmile=R13.09
|exit=13
|road=[[Garfield Avenue (Los Angeles County)|Cherry Avenue]]
|notes=
}}
{{CAint|exit
|postmile=R13.59
|exit=14A
|road=Paramount Boulevard
|notes=
}}
{{CAint|exit
|location1=Long Beach
|location2=Bellflower
|postmile=R14.10
|exit=14B
|road=Downey Avenue
|notes=
}}
{{CAint|exit
|location=Bellflower
|lspan=3
|postmile=R14.62
|exit=15A
|road={{Jct|state=CA|SR|19|name1=[[Lakewood Boulevard]]}}
|notes=Signed as exit 15 eastbound
}}
{{CAint|exit
|type=incomplete
|postmile=R15.11
|exit=15B
|road=Clark Avenue
|notes=Westbound exit and eastbound entrance
}}
{{CAint|exit
|postmile=R15.61
|exit=16
|road=Bellflower Boulevard
|notes=Former [[Legislative Route 169 (California 1933-1945)|Legislative Route 169]]
}}
{{CAint|exit
|location=Cerritos
|lspan=2
|postmile=R16.94
|exit=17
|road={{Jct|state=CA|I|605|name1=[[San Gabriel River Freeway]]}}
|notes=Signed as exit 17B westbound; I-605 exit 7A
}}
{{CAint|exit
|type=incomplete
|postmile=R17.09
|exit=17A
|road=Studebaker Road
|notes=Westbound exit and eastbound entrance
}}
{{CAint|exit
|location=Artesia
|postmile=R18.09
|exit=18
|road=Pioneer Boulevard
|notes=Former [[California State Route 35 (pre-1964)|SR 35]]
}}
{{CAint|exit
|location=Cerritos
|lspan=5
|postmile=R18.65
|exit=19A
|road=Norwalk Boulevard
|notes=
}}
{{CAint|exit
|type=incomplete
|postmile=R19.17
|postmile2=R19.43
|exit=19B
|road=Bloomfield Avenue, [[Artesia Boulevard]]
|notes=No eastbound entrance; Artesia Boulevard not signed eastbound
}}
{{CAint|exit
|type=incomplete
|postmile=R19.81
|exit=19C
|road=Shoemaker Avenue
|notes=Eastbound exit and eastbound entrance, both via Park Plaza Drive
}}
{{CAint|exit
|type=incomplete
|postmile=R20.16
|exit=—
|road=183rd Street
|notes=Westbound entrance only
}}
{{CAint|exit
|type=incomplete
|postmile=R20.45
|exit=20
|road=Carmenita Road
|notes=Exits only; eastbound entrance is via Orangethrope Avenue; westbound entrance is via 183rd Street
}}
{{CAint|exit
|county=Orange
|cspan=27
|county_note=ORA R0.00-R18.91
|location1=La Palma
|location2=Buena Park
|postmile=R0.49
|postmile2=R0.85
|exit=21
|road=Orangethorpe Avenue, Valley View Street
|notes=Signed as exit 22 westbound
}}
{{CAint|exit
|location=Buena Park
|lspan=2
|postmile=R1.84
|exit=23A
|road=Knott Avenue
|notes=
}}
{{CAint|exit
|postmile=R2.62
|exit=23B
|road={{Jct|state=CA|SR|39|name1=[[Beach Boulevard (Orange County, California)|Beach Boulevard]]}}
|notes=
}}
{{CAint|exit
|location1=Buena Park
|location2=Fullerton
|lspan=2
|type=incomplete
|postmile=R3.64
|exit=24
|road={{Jct|state=CA|I|5|dir1=south|name1=[[Santa Ana Freeway]]|city1=Santa Ana}}
|notes=Eastbound exit and westbound entrance; I-5 north exit 113C
}}
{{CAint|exit
|type=hov
|postmile=none
|exit=♦
|road={{Jct|state=CA|I|5|dir1=south}}
|notes=[[High-occupancy vehicle lane|HOV]] access only; eastbound exit and westbound entrance
}}
{{CAint|exit
|type=trans
|location=Fullerton
|lspan=2
|postmile=none
|place=East end of Artesia Freeway; west end of Riverside Freeway<ref name=namedFreeways/>
}}
{{CAint|exit
|postmile=R3.73
|exit=23C
|road=Magnolia Avenue, Orangethorpe Avenue
|notes=Eastbound exit is part of exit 24; Orangethorpe Avenue not signed eastbound; provides access to I-5 southbound from the westbound 91 and to I-5 northbound from the eastbound 91
}}
{{CAint|exit
|location1=Anaheim
|location2=Fullerton
|lspan=5
|type=hov
|postmile=none
|exit=♦
|road={{Jct|state=CA|I|5|dir1=north}}
|notes=[[High-occupancy vehicle lane|HOV]] access only; westbound exit and eastbound entrance
}}
{{CAint|exit
|type=incomplete
|postmile=R3.85
|exit=24
|road={{Jct|state=CA|I|5|dir1=north|name1=Santa Ana Freeway|city1=Los Angeles}}
|notes=Westbound exit and eastbound entrance; I-5 south exit 114B
}}
{{CAint|exit
|postmile=1.23
|exit=26
|road=Brookhurst Street
|notes=
}}
{{CAint|exit
|postmile=2.23
|exit=27
|road=Euclid Street
|notes=
}}
{{CAint|exit
|postmile=3.26
|postmile2=3.51
|exit=28
|road=[[Harbor Boulevard]], Lemon Street, Anaheim Boulevard
|notes=Harbor Boulevard was former [[California State Route 72|SR 72]]
}}
{{CAint|exit
|location=Anaheim
|lspan=11
|postmile=4.26
|exit=29
|road=East Street, Raymond Avenue
|notes=
}}
{{CAint|exit
|postmile=5.26
|exit=30
|road=State College Boulevard
|notes=Signed as exit 30A eastbound; former [[California State Route 250|SR 250]]
}}
{{CAint|exit
|type=hov
|postmile=none
|exit=♦
|road={{Jct|state=CA|SR|57|dir1=North}}
|notes=HOV access only; eastbound exit and westbound entrance
}}
{{CAint|exit
|postmile=6.12
|exit=31
|road={{Jct|state=CA|SR|57|name1=[[Orange Freeway]]|city1=Santa Ana|city2=Pomona}}
|notes=Signed as exit 30B eastbound; SR 57 north exits 5A-B, south exit 5
}}
{{CAint|exit
|postmile=7.36
|exit=32
|road=Kraemer Boulevard, Glassell Street
|notes=Signed as exit 31 eastbound
}}
{{CAint|exit
|postmile=8.40
|exit=33
|road=Tustin Avenue
|notes=
}}
{{CAint|exit
|postmile=none
|type=etc
|exit=—
|road=91 Express Lanes
|notes=West end of 91 Express Lanes
}}
{{CAint|exit
|postmile=R9.19
|exit=34
|road={{Jct|state=CA|SR|55|dir1=south|name1=[[Costa Mesa Freeway]]|city1=Newport Beach}}
|notes=Left exit westbound; SR 55 exits 18A-B northbound
}}
{{CAint|exit
|type=etc
|postmile=none
|exit=—
|road={{Jct|state=CA|SR|55|dir1=south}}
|notes=Express Lanes access only; westbound exit and eastbound entrance
}}
{{CAint|exit
|postmile=R10.09
|exit=35
|road=Lakeview Avenue
|notes=
}}
{{CAint|exit
|postmile=R11.54
|exit=36
|road={{Jct|state=CA|SR|90|dir1=west|name1=[[Imperial Highway]]}}
|notes=
}}
{{CAint|exit
|location1=Anaheim
|location2=Yorba Linda
|lspan=4
|postmile=R14.43
|exit=39
|road=Weir Canyon Road, Yorba Linda Boulevard
|notes=
}}
{{CAint|exit
|type=toll
|postmile=R15.93
|exit=40
|road={{Jct|state=CA|SR-Toll|241|dir1=south|name1=[[Eastern Toll Road (California)|Eastern Toll Road]]|city1=Irvine}}
|notes=Signed as exit 41B westbound; SR 241 exit 39A-B northbound
}}
{{CAint|exit
|postmile=R16.40
|exit=41
|road=Gypsum Canyon Road
|notes=Signed as exit 41A westbound
}}
{{CAint|exit
|type=closed
|postmile=R17.95
|exit=42
|road=Coal Canyon Road
|notes=Closed in 2003 for environmental reasons<ref>{{cite news |title= Wildlife Highway Under Busy 91 Freeway Links Vital Habitats |first= Janet |last= Wilson |work= Los Angeles Times |date= April 19, 2004 |page=B1 }}</ref>
}}
{{CAint|exit
|county=Riverside
|cspan=24
|county_note=RIV R0.00-21.66
|location=Corona
|lspan=11
|postmile=R1.03
|exit=44
|road=Green River Road
|notes=
}}
{{CAint|exit
|postmile=R2.09
|exit=45
|road={{Jct|state=CA|SR|71|dir1=north|name1=[[Chino Valley Freeway]]|city1=Ontario|city2=Pomona}}
|notes=
}}
{{CAint|exit
|postmile=R3.71
|exit=47
|road=Serfas Club Drive, Auto Center Drive
|notes=
}}
{{CAint|exit
|postmile=4.16
|exit=48
|road=Maple Street, West Sixth Street
|notes=Former [[U.S. Route 91 in California|US 91]] / [[California State Route 71|SR 71]] south
}}
{{CAint|exit
|postmile=5.38
|exit=49
|road=Lincoln Avenue
|notes=Formerly exit 49A eastbound
}}
{{CAint|exit
|type=closed
|postmile=6.02
|exit=49B
|road=[[Grand Boulevard (Corona)|Grand Boulevard]]
|notes=Closed in 2015 due to freeway widening<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sr91project.info/project-segments/lincoln-avenue-to-grand-boulevard/view/b|title=Lincoln Avenue to Grand Boulevard|date=April 22, 2024 }}</ref>
}}
{{CAint|exit
|postmile=6.34
|exit=50
|road=Main Street
|notes=Former [[California State Route 31|SR 31]]
}}
{{CAint|exit
|type=etc
|postmile=7.45
|pmspan=3
|exit=—
|road={{Jct|state=CA|I-Express|15}}
|notes=Express Lanes access only; eastbound exit and westbound entrance; exit to I-15 south express lanes opened in 2017<ref name="sr91project"/> and exit to I-15 north express lanes opened in 2023<ref>{{cite web |title=I-15 To 91 Interchange Express Lanes Open At Last: What To Know |url=https://patch.com/california/lakeelsinore-wildomar/i-15-91-interchange-express-lanes-open-last-what-know |website=Lake Elsinore-Wildomar Patch |date=November 21, 2023 |publisher=Patch Media |access-date=November 22, 2023}}</ref>
}}
{{CAint|exit
|type=etc
|mile=none
|exit=—
|road=91 Express Lanes
|notes=East end of 91 Express Lanes; opened in 2017<ref name="sr91project"/>
}}
{{CAint|exit
|mile=none
|exit=51
|road={{Jct|state=CA|I|15|name1=[[Ontario Freeway]]|city1=Barstow|city2=Ontario|city3=San Diego}}
|notes=I-15 exit 96 northbound, 96A-B southbound
}}
{{CAint|exit
|postmile=9.18
|exit=53
|road=McKinley Street
|notes=Signed as exits 53A (south) and 53B (north) westbound
}}
{{CAint|exit
|location=Riverside
|lspan=13
|type=incomplete
|postmile=10.81
|exit=54
|road=Pierce Street, Riverwalk Parkway
|notes=Eastbound exit and westbound entrance
}}
{{CAint|exit
|postmile=11.10
|exit=55A
|road=Magnolia Avenue
|notes=Former [[U.S. Route 91 in California|US 91]]
}}
{{CAint|exit
|postmile=11.99
|exit=55B
|road=La Sierra Avenue
|notes=
}}
{{CAint|exit
|postmile=13.04
|exit=56
|road=Tyler Street
|notes=
}}
{{CAint|exit
|postmile=14.08
|exit=58
|road=Van Buren Boulevard
|notes=
}}
{{CAint|exit
|postmile=15.63
|exit=59
|road=Adams Street, Auto Center Drive
|notes=
}}
{{CAint|exit
|postmile=16.65
|exit=60
|road=Madison Street
|notes=
}}
{{CAint|exit
|postmile=17.82
|exit=61
|road=Arlington Avenue
|notes=
}}
{{CAint|exit
|postmile=18.41
|exit=62
|road=Central Avenue, Riverside Plaza Avenue
|notes=
}}
{{CAint|exit
|postmile=20.00
|exit=63
|road=14th Street
|notes=
}}
{{CAint|exit
|postmile=20.45
|postmile2=20.53
|exit=64
|road=University Avenue, Mission Inn Avenue&nbsp;– [[Downtown Riverside, California|Downtown Riverside]]
|notes=Former [[U.S. Route 60 in California|US 60]] / [[U.S. Route 395 in California|US 395]]
}}
{{CAint|exit
|type=incomplete
|postmile=21.47
|exit=65A
|road=Spruce Street
|notes=Eastbound exit and westbound entrance; westbound exit and entrance via Poplar Street, and eastbound exit and entrance via La Cadena Drive, demolished in 2005 due to reconstruction
}}
{{CAint|exit
|type=trans
|postmile=21.66
|exit={{nowrap|65B-C}}
|road={{Jct|state=CA|I|215|name1=Riverside Freeway north|SR|60|name2=Pomona Freeway, Moreno Valley Freeway|city1=San Diego|city2=Indio|city3=Los Angeles|city4=San Bernardino|city5=Barstow}}
|notes=Eastern terminus; signed as exit 65B (I-215 south / SR 60 east) and exit 65C (SR 60 west); I-215 was former [[Interstate 15E (California)|I-15E]] / [[U.S. Route 91 in California|US 91]] north / [[U.S. Route 395 in California|US 395]]; SR 60 east exit 53A; I-215 north exit 34B; Riverside Freeway continues as I-215 north
}}
{{jctbtm|col=6|keys=closed,etc,hov,incomplete,trans}}
{{Reflist|group=lower-alpha}}

==See also==
*{{portal-inline|California Roads}}

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
{{commons category|California State Route 91}}
{{AttachedKML|display=title,inline}}
{{CASR external links|SR|91}}
*{{official website|http://www.91expresslanes.com/|name=91 Express Lanes official website}}
*[http://www.aaroads.com/california/ca-091.html California @ AARoads - California 91]
*[http://www.cahighways.org/089-096.html#091 California Highways: SR&nbsp;91]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20150507032231/http://www.dot.ca.gov/dist8/projects/riverside/6091215/index.htm 60/91/215 Improvement Project]
*[http://www.asphaltplanet.ca/CA/CA/91/index.html California Highway 91 @ Asphaltplanet.ca]

{{compact state detail browse|type=US|route=91|statebefore=Terminus<br>(historical)|statebeforelink=no|state=California<br>(historical)|stateafter=[[U.S. Route 91 in Nevada|Nevada]]<br>(historical)|stateafterlink=no}}
{{1984 Summer Olympic venues}}
{{Olympic venues cycling}}

[[Category:State highways in California|091]]
[[Category:Southern California freeways|091]]
[[Category:Roads in Los Angeles County, California|State Route 091]]
[[Category:Roads in Orange County, California|State Route 091]]
[[Category:Roads in Riverside County, California|State Route 091]]
[[Category:State Scenic Highway System (California)|091]]
[[Category:Venues of the 1984 Summer Olympics]]
[[Category:Olympic cycling venues]]
[[Category:U.S. Route 91|California State Route 091]]