View source for Hong Chi-jung

{{Short description|Korean scholar-official (1667–1732)}}
{{family name hatnote|[[Hong (Korean name)|Hong]]||lang=Korean}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name               = Hong Chi-jung<br>{{nobold|홍치중}}
|image= 
|caption= 

| office = [[Yeonguijeong|Chief State Councillor]] 
| term_start = 1 July 1729
| term_end = 13 August 1732
| predecessor = Yi Gwang-jwa
| successor = Sim Su-hyeon

| office1 = [[Jwauijeong|Left State Councillor]] 
| term_start1 = 16 July 1728
| term_end1 = 1 July 1729
| predecessor1 = [[Jo Tae-eok]]
| successor1 = Yi Tae-jwa

| term_start2 = 12 June 1726
| term_end2 = 17 August 1727
| predecessor2 = Yi Gwang-myeong
| successor2 = [[Jo Tae-eok]]

| office3 = [[Uuijeong|Right State Councillor]] 
| term_start3 = 17 August 1727
| term_end3 = 1727
| predecessor3 = Yi Ui-hyeon
| successor3 = Sim Su-hyeon

| term_start4 = 18 February 1725
| term_end4 = 1725
| predecessor4 = Yi Gwang-myeong
| successor4 = Jo Do-bin

| birth_date         = 1667
| birth_place        = 
| death_date         = {{death year and age|1732|1667}}
| death_place        = 
| country            =  Joseon
| module  = {{Infobox Korean name|child=yes
|hangul= 홍치중
|hanja=洪致中
|rr=Hong Chi-jung
|mr=Hong Ch'ijung
 }}
}}
'''Hong Chi-jung''' (1667–1732) was a scholar-official and [[Yeonguijeong|Prime Minister]] of the [[Joseon Dynasty]] [[Korea]] in the 18th century from 1729 to 1732.<ref>{{in lang|ko}} [http://100.naver.com/100.nhn?docid=172525 Hong Chi-jung, Naver encyclopedia]</ref>

He was also [[diplomat]] and [[ambassador]], representing [[Joseon Dynasty|Joseon]] interests in the 9th [[Edo period]] diplomatic mission to the [[Tokugawa shogunate]] in Japan.<ref name="walraven361_titsingh417">Walraven, Boudewijn ''et al.'' (2007). ''Korea in the middle: Korean studies and area studies,'' p. 361; Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). ''Annales des empereurs du japon,'' p. 417; n.b., the name ''Kô tsi tsiou'' is a pre-[[Hepburn romanization|Hepburn]] Japanese [[transliteration]] and ''Hong tschi tchoung'' is a pre-[[McCune–Reischauer]], Korean [[romanization]] devised by [[Julius Klaproth]] and [[Jean-Pierre Abel-Rémusat]] in 1834.</ref>

==1719 mission to Japan==
In 1719, King [[Sukjong of Joseon|Sukjong]] dispatched a diplomatic mission to the shogunal court of [[Tokugawa Yoshimune]].<ref name="walraven361">Walraven, p. 361.</ref>  This diplomatic mission functioned to the advantage of both the Japanese and the Koreans as a channel for developing a political foundation for trade.<ref>Walker, Brett L. "Foreign Affairs and Frontiers in Early Modern Japan: A Historiographical Essay," ''Early Modern Japan.'' Fall, 2002, pp. 48.</ref>

This delegation was explicitly identified by the Joseon court as a "Communication Envoy" (''tongsinsa'').  The mission was understood to signify that relations were "normalized."<ref>Lewis, James Bryant. (2003). [https://books.google.com/books?id=0YIbNlliRswC&pg=RA1-PA21  ''Frontier contact between Chosŏn Korea and Tokugawa Japan,'' pp. 21-24.]</ref>

The Joseon embassy arrived in Kyoto on the 10th month of the 4th year of ''[[Kyōhō]]'', according to the Japanese calendar in use at that time.<ref name="titsingh417">Titsingh,  p. 417.</ref> Hong Chi-jung was the chief envoy.<ref name="walraven361"/>

==Recognition in the West==
Pak Tong-chi's historical significance was confirmed when his mission and his name was specifically mentioned in a widely distributed history published by the Oriental Translation Fund in 1834.<ref name="titsingh417"/>

In the West, early published accounts of the Joseon kingdom are not extensive, but they are found in ''[[Sangoku Tsūran Zusetsu]]'' (published in Paris in 1832),<ref>Vos, Ken. [http://www.rmv.nl/publicaties/11Koreavroeg/e/accidentalacquisitions.pdf  "Accidental acquisitions: The nineteenth-century Korean collections in the National Museum of Ethnology, Part 1,"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120622021232/http://www.rmv.nl/publicaties/11Koreavroeg/e/accidentalacquisitions.pdf |date=2012-06-22 }} p. 6.</ref> and in [[Nipon o daï itsi ran|''Nihon ōdai ichiran'']] (published in Paris in 1834).  Joseon foreign relations and diplomacy are explicitly referenced in the 1834 work.

==See also==
* [[Yeonguijeong]]
* [[Joseon diplomacy]]
* [[Joseon missions to Japan]]
* [[Joseon tongsinsa]]

==Notes==
{{Reflist|2}}

==References==
{{Refbegin}}
* Daehwan, Noh. [https://web.archive.org/web/20110614035130/http://www.ekoreajournal.net/upload/html/HTML43412.html  "The Eclectic Development of Neo-Confucianism and Statecraft from the 18th to the 19th Century,"] ''Korea Journal'' (Winter 2003).
* Lewis, James Bryant. (2003). ''Frontier contact between chosŏn Korea and Tokugawa Japan.'' London: [[Routledge]]. {{ISBN|978-0-7007-1301-1}}
* [[Isaac Titsingh|Titsingh]], Isaac, ed. (1834). [Siyun-sai Rin-siyo/[[Hayashi Gahō]], 1652], ''[[Nipon o daï itsi ran]]; ou, [https://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&q=nipon+o+dai+itsi+ran  Annales des empereurs du Japon.]''  Paris: [[Royal Asiatic Society|Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland]]. [http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/84067437?referer=di&ht=edition  OCLC  84067437]
* Walker, Brett L. [https://kb.osu.edu/dspace/bitstream/1811/609/1/V10N2Walker.pdf  "Foreign Affairs and Frontiers in Early Modern Japan: A Historiographical Essay,"] ''Early Modern Japan.'' Fall, 2002, pp.&nbsp;44–62, 124-128.
* Walraven, Boudewijn and Remco E. Breuker. (2007). ''Korea in the middle: Korean studies and area studies; Essays in Honour of Boudewijn Walraven.'' Leiden: CNWS Publications. {{ISBN|90-5789-153-0}}; {{OCLC|181625480}}
{{Refend}}

==External links==
* [http://www.tongsinsa.com/ Joseon Tongsinsa Cultural Exchange Association {{in lang|ko}}]; [https://archive.today/20121205064047/http://tongsinsa.com/japan/ {{in lang|ja}}]
*[http://alibrary.cau.ac.kr/Download.file?id=ef2af71f-6cae-417b-927d-d6e9de84d3ab  조선통신사연구 (''Journal of Studies in Joseon Tongsinsa'') {{in lang|ko}}]{{dead link|date=April 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}

{{S-start}}
{{Succession box|years=1719|title=Joseon&ndash;Japanese<br>[[Edo period]] diplomacy<br>9th mission|before=[[Jo Tae-eok]]|after=[[Hong Gye-hui]]}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Hong, Chi-Jung}}
[[Category:1667 births]]
[[Category:1732 deaths]]
[[Category:18th-century Korean people]]
[[Category:18th-century Korean diplomats]]
[[Category:Namyang Hong clan|Chi-jung]]