View source for Mathematical Operators (Unicode block)

{{about|the Unicode block|operators in mathematics|Operator (mathematics)|mathematical symbols in Unicode, including other blocks|Mathematical operators and symbols in Unicode}}
{{Infobox Unicode block
|blockname = Mathematical Operators
|rangestart = 2200
|rangeend   = 22FF
|script1    = [[Script (Unicode)#Special script property values|Common]]
|symbols    = Mathematical symbols<br />Logic and Set operators<br />Relation symbols
|1_0_0      = 242
|3_2        = 14
|note = <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.unicode.org/ucd/|title=Unicode character database|work=The Unicode Standard|accessdate=2023-07-26}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.unicode.org/versions/enumeratedversions.html|title=Enumerated Versions of The Unicode Standard|work=The Unicode Standard|accessdate=2023-07-26}}</ref>
}}
{{SpecialChars}}

'''Mathematical Operators''' is a [[Unicode block]] containing characters for mathematical, logical, and set notation.

Notably absent are the [[plus sign]] (+), [[greater than sign]] (&gt;) and [[less than sign]] (&lt;), due to them already appearing in the [[C0 Controls and Basic Latin|Basic Latin]] Unicode block, and the [[plus-or-minus sign]] (±), [[multiplication sign]] (×) and [[obelus]] (÷), due to them already appearing in the [[C1 Controls and Latin-1 Supplement|Latin-1 Supplement]] block, although a distinct minus sign (&minus;) is included, semantically different from the Basic Latin [[hyphen-minus]] (-).

==Block==
{{Unicode chart Mathematical Operators}}

==Variation sequences==
The Mathematical Operators block has sixteen variation sequences defined for [[Variant form (Unicode)|standardized variants]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.unicode.org/Public/UNIDATA/StandardizedVariants.txt|title=Unicode Character Database: Standardized Variation Sequences | publisher=The Unicode Consortium}}</ref><ref>{{citation|url=https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2000/00119-math.pdf|title=L2/00-119: Encoding Additional Mathematical Symbols in Unicode|section=Symbol variants defined using a Variation Selector|date=2000-04-19|first1=Ken|last1=Whistler|first2=Asmus|last2=Freytag}}</ref>  They use {{sc2|U+FE00 VARIATION SELECTOR-1}} (VS01) to denote variant symbols (depending on the font):

{| class="wikitable nounderlines"
|+ Variation sequences
|-
! Base character !! Base !! +VS01 !! Description
|-
| U+2205 EMPTY SET || {{large|∅}} || {{large|∅&#xfe00;}} || zero with long diagonal stroke overlay form
|-
| U+2229 INTERSECTION || {{large|∩}} || {{large|∩&#xfe00;}} || with serifs
|-
| U+222A UNION || {{large|∪}} || {{large|∪&#xfe00;}} || with serifs
|-
| U+2268 LESS-THAN BUT NOT EQUAL TO || {{large|≨}} || {{large|≨&#xfe00;}} || with vertical stroke
|-
| U+2269 GREATER-THAN BUT NOT EQUAL TO || {{large|≩}} || {{large|≩&#xfe00;}} || with vertical stroke
|-
| U+2272 LESS-THAN OR EQUIVALENT TO || {{large|≲}} || {{large|≲&#xfe00;}} || following the slant of the lower leg
|-
| U+2273 GREATER-THAN OR EQUIVALENT TO || {{large|≳}} || {{large|≳&#xfe00;}} || following the slant of the lower leg
|-
| U+228A SUBSET OF WITH NOT EQUAL TO || {{large|⊊}} || {{large|⊊&#xfe00;}} || with stroke through bottom members
|-
| U+228B SUPERSET OF WITH NOT EQUAL TO || {{large|⊋}} || {{large|⊋&#xfe00;}} || with stroke through bottom members
|-
| U+2293 SQUARE CAP || {{large|⊓}} || {{large|⊓&#xfe00;}} || with serifs
|-
| U+2294 SQUARE CUP || {{large|⊔}} || {{large|⊔&#xfe00;}} || with serifs
|-
| U+2295 CIRCLED PLUS || {{large|⊕}} || {{large|⊕&#xfe00;}} || with white rim
|-
| U+2297 CIRCLED TIMES || {{large|⊗}} || {{large|⊗&#xfe00;}} || with white rim
|-
| U+229C CIRCLED EQUALS || {{large|⊜}} || {{large|⊜&#xfe00;}} || with equal sign touching the circle
|-
| U+22DA LESS-THAN EQUAL TO OR GREATER-THAN || {{large|⋚}} || {{large|⋚&#xfe00;}} || with slanted equal
|-
| U+22DB GREATER-THAN EQUAL TO OR LESS-THAN || {{large|⋛}} || {{large|⋛&#xfe00;}} || with slanted equal
|}

==History==
The following Unicode-related documents record the purpose and process of defining specific characters in the Mathematical Operators block:

{{sticky header}}
{| class="wikitable sticky-header"
|-
! [[Unicode#Versions|Version]] !! {{nobr|Final code points<ref group=lower-alpha name=final/>}} !! Count !! [[Unicode Consortium|UTC]]&nbsp;ID !! [[International Committee for Information Technology Standards|L2]]&nbsp;ID !! [[ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2|WG2]]&nbsp;ID !! Document
|-
| rowspan="11" | 1.0.0 || rowspan="11" | U+2200..22F1 || rowspan="11" | 242 || || || || (to be determined)
|-
| {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L1999-UTC/u1999-013.htm UTC/1999-013]}} || || || {{Citation|title=Tildes and micro sign decompositions|date=1999-05-27|first=Kent|last=Karlsson|ref=none}}
|-
| || {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L1999/99176.htm L2/99-176R]}} || || {{Citation|title=Minutes from the joint UTC/L2 meeting in Seattle, June 8-10, 1999|date=1999-11-04|first=Lisa|last=Moore|ref=none|section=Not Tilde}}
|-
| || {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2000/00115.htm L2/00-115R2]}} || || {{Citation|title=Minutes Of UTC Meeting #83|date=2000-08-08|first=Lisa|last=Moore|ref=none|section=Motion 83-M21}}
|-
| || {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2001/01342-10646-1-FPDAM1-comment.pdf L2/01-342]}} || || {{Citation|title=Comments accompanying the US positive vote on the FPDAM 1 to ISO/IEC 10646-1:2001|date=2001-09-10|first=Michel|last=Suignard|ref=none|section=T.9 B.1 List of combining characters/Variation selectors}}
|-
| || {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2007/07268-n3253.pdf L2/07-268]}} || {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n3253.pdf N3253 (pdf],}} [https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n3253.doc doc]) || {{Citation|title=Unconfirmed minutes of WG 2 meeting 50, Frankfurt-am-Main, Germany; 2007-04-24/27|date=2007-07-26|first=V. S.|last=Umamaheswaran|ref=none|section=M50.7 (Math symbol glyph correction) [U+22C4]}}
|-
| || {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2015/15268-slashed-zero.pdf L2/15-268]}} || || {{Citation|title=Proposal to Represent the Slashed Zero Variant of Empty Set|date=2015-10-30|first1=Barbara|last1=Beeton|first2=Asmus|last2=Freytag|first3=Laurențiu|last3=Iancu|first4=Murray|last4=Sargent|ref=none}}
|-
| || {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2015/15254.htm L2/15-254]}} || || {{Citation|title=UTC #145 Minutes|date=2015-11-16|first=Lisa|last=Moore|ref=none|section=B.12.1.2 Proposal to Represent the Slashed Zero Variant of Empty Set}}
|-
| || {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2024/24173-middle-asterisk.pdf L2/24-173]}} || || {{Citation|title=Proposal to encode a Middle Asterisk as referred to in the German standard DIN 2137 [Affects U+2217]|date=2024-06-06|first=Karl|last=Pentzlin|ref=none}}
|-
| || {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2024/24166-script-wg-rept.pdf L2/24-166]}} || || {{Citation|title=Recommendations to UTC #180 July 2024 on Script Proposals|date=2024-07-18|first1=Deborah|last1=Anderson|first2=Manish|last2=Goregaokar|first3=Jan|last3=Kučera|first4=Ken|last4=Whistler|first5=Roozbeh|last5=Pournader|first6=Peter|last6=Constable|ref=none|section=20. Middle Asterisk [Affects U+2217]}}
|-
| || {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2024/24159.htm L2/24-159]}} || || {{Citation|title=UTC #180 Minutes|date=2024-07-29|first=Peter|last=Constable|ref=none|section=Section 20. Middle Asterisk|quote=Consider adding an annotation to U+2217 that it may be used to represent the telephony asterisk}}
|-
| rowspan="3" | 3.2 || rowspan="3" | U+22F2..22FF || rowspan="3" | 14 || || {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2000/00119-math.pdf L2/00-119]<ref group=lower-alpha name=mathdocs/>}} || [https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n2191.pdf N2191R] || {{Citation|title=Encoding Additional Mathematical Symbols in Unicode|date=2000-04-19|first1=Ken|last1=Whistler|first2=Asmus|last2=Freytag|ref=none}}
|-
| || {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2000/00234-n2203m.pdf L2/00-234]}} || {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n2203.rtf N2203 (rtf],}} [https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n2203.txt txt]) || {{Citation|title=Minutes from the SC2/WG2 meeting in Beijing, 2000-03-21 -- 24|date=2000-07-21|first=V. S.|last=Umamaheswaran|ref=none|section=8.18}}
|-
| || {{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2000/00115.htm L2/00-115R2]}} || || {{Citation|title=Minutes Of UTC Meeting #83|date=2000-08-08|first=Lisa|last=Moore|ref=none|section=Motion 83-M11}}
|- class="sortbottom"
| colspan="7" | {{reflist|group=lower-alpha|refs=
 <ref name=final>Proposed code points and characters names may differ from final code points and names</ref>
 <ref name=mathdocs>Refer to the [[Miscellaneous Mathematical Symbols-B#History|history section]] of the Miscellaneous Mathematical Symbols-B block for additional math-related documents</ref>}}
|}

== See also ==
* [[Mathematical operators and symbols in Unicode]]
* [[Supplemental Mathematical Operators]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Mathematical symbols notation language}}

[[Category:Unicode blocks]]
[[Category:Mathematical symbols]]