View source for Morgan Amber

{{Infobox artwork/wikidata|onlysourced=yes}}
'''''Carved amber bow of a fibula''''', also known as the '''Morgan Amber''', is a 5th-century BCE [[Etruscan civilization|Etruscan]] [[Fibula (brooch)|fibula]] by an unknown artist. It is in the collection of the [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/249223|title=Carved amber bow of a fibula (safety pin)|publisher=[[Metropolitan Museum of Art]]}}</ref>

==Early history and creation==
Carved from [[amber]], this fibula dates to about 500 B.C.E.  The artist is unknown, and there is some debate if the piece is Etruscan made or Etruscan influenced.<ref name="DePuma">{{cite book|title=Etruscan Art in The Metropolitan Museum|last2=Lightfoot|first2=Christopher|publisher=MetPublications|year=2013|location=New York|pages=269–271|last1=DePuma|first1=Richard}}</ref>  Amber was a popular material in both Greek and Etruscan art,<ref name="Getty1">{{cite web|title=Ancient Carved Ambers in the J. Paul Getty Museum: The Properties of Amber|url=http://museumcatalogues.getty.edu/amber/intro/6/|website=J. Paul Getty Museum|access-date=21 May 2017}}</ref> with the Etruscans using it frequently, often in funerary art.<ref name="Getty2">{{cite web|title=Ancient Carved Ambers in the J. Paul Getty Museum: Ancient Literary Sources on the Origins of Amber|url=http://museumcatalogues.getty.edu/amber/intro/9/|website=J. Paul Getty Museum|access-date=21 May 2017}}</ref>

==Description and interpretation==
The work depicts a couple reclining on a sofa, with the woman in the forefront and the man behind her.  A bird, possibly a duck, sits on the shoulders on the couple, and at the feet of the reclining duo is a small attendant.  It is thought that this piece is a fibula because of the holes at the bottom which show some indications of an iron pin being there.  The object is large, allowing for fine detail on the piece.  In particular are the folds of the clothing on both the man and woman, their hair, and the woman's gesture of holding out a bottle of perfume or other oil in her right hand and holding two fingers out in her left hand, appearing to offer some to her companion.  This gesture is visible in other pieces of Etruscan art, including the [[Sarcophagus of the Spouses]] in the [[Villa Giulia]] Etruscan museum located in Rome.  The depiction of couples laying together and seemingly banqueting is also common, and be seen in the fresco of the [[Monterozzi necropolis]] of Tarquina, such as the [[Tomb of the Leopards]] and the [[Tomb of the Triclinium]].  [[Etruscan society]] allowed for women to participate in banquets and public life to a much greater extent than in Greece or Rome.

It is unknown if the couple carved in the amber are divine or simply two humans.  Andrew Richter suggested that it may be [[Etruscan religion|Turan and Atunis]] (the Etruscan version of [[Aphrodite|Aphrodite and Adonis]]) in 1940, since the motif of Turan and Atunis was popular in Etruscan art.<ref name="DePuma"/>

==Later history and influence==
The fibula was given to the Metropolitan Museum of Art in 1917 by [[J. Pierpont Morgan]].  Supposedly it was found in [[Falconara Marittima]], near [[Ancona#Greek colony|Ancona]], ancient Greek colony on the Adriatic coast of Italy. The Metropolitan Museum of Art's annual report from the time of acquisition simply describes the piece as "an amber group of two reclining figures"<ref name="Trustees">{{cite journal|last1=Trustees of the Metropolitan Museum of Art|title=Annual Report of the Trustees of the Metropolitan Museum of Art|date=1916|volume=47|pages=33}}</ref> and as part of a larger donation given by Morgan.

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Metropolitan Museum of Art 2017 drafts]]
[[Category:Jewelry in the Metropolitan Museum of Art]]
[[Category:Etruscan artefacts]]
[[Category:Archaeological discoveries in Italy]]
[[Category:Falconara Marittima]]