View source for OTR-21 Tochka

{{Short description|Soviet/Russian tactical ballistic missile}}
{{pp|small=yes}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox weapon
| is_vehicle         = Yes
| is_missile         = yes
| name               = OTR-21 Tochka <br /> SS-21 Scarab
| image              = Tochka-U rep parad Yekat.jpg
| image_size         = 300
| caption            = Tochka-U missile systems at a Russian rehearsal for a parade in [[Yekaterinburg]]
| origin             = Soviet Union
| type               = [[Tactical ballistic missile]]
| used_by            = See [[SS-21 Scarab#Operators|Operators]]
| wars               = [[Yemeni Civil War (1994)]]<br />[[First Chechen War]]<br />[[Second Chechen War]]<br />[[Syrian Civil War]]<br />[[Russo-Ukrainian War]]<br />[[Yemeni Civil War (2015–present)]]<br />[[Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen]]<br />[[2020 Nagorno-Karabakh conflict]]
| manufacturer       = [[KB Mashinostroyeniya|KBM]] ([[Kolomna]])
| unit_cost          = $300,000<ref name=Forbes01>{{cite news|url=https://forbes.ua/inside/rosiya-za-vikhidni-vipustila-po-ukraini-raket-vartistyu-blizko-200-mln-otsinka-forbes-27062022-6838 |first1=Volodymyr |last1=Landa|first2=Konstantin|last2= Gnenny |title=Over the weekend, Russia launched missiles worth about $200 million over Ukraine., Росія за вихідні випустила по Україні ракет вартістю близько $200 млн.|language=uk|agency=[[Forbes]]|access-date=19 September 2022}}</ref>
| propellant         = 
| production_date    = 1973
| service            = 1976–present (Scarab A) <br /> 1989–present (Scarab B)
| primary_armament   = 1 × OTR 21/9K79 [[Tactical Ballistic Missile]]
| engine             = Single-stage [[solid-propellant rocket]]
| engine_power       = 96kN<ref>[http://www.b14643.de/Spacerockets/Specials/RT-Missiles/index.htm#9M79 Some important Soviet solid fuel missiles]{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107004550/http://www.b14643.de/Spacerockets/Specials/RT-Missiles/index.htm#9M79 |date=2017-11-07 }} & 9M79M (Totchka)</ref>
| weight             = {{convert|2000|kg|abbr=on}} Scarab A <br /> {{convert|2010|kg|abbr=on}} Scarab B
| length             = {{convert|6400|mm|abbr=on}}
| height             = 
| diameter           = {{convert|650|mm|abbr=on}}
| wingspan           = 
| accuracy           = 150 m (Tochka) <br /> 95 m (Tochka-U)
| speed              = {{convert|1.8|km/s|mi/s Mach|abbr=on}}
| max_range          = {{convert|70|km|abbr=on}} Scarab A <br /> {{convert|120|km|abbr=on}} Scarab B
| ceiling            = 
| altitude           = 
| filling            = Chemical, 100&nbsp;[[TNT equivalent|kt]] nuclear warhead, [[Electromagnetic pulse|EMP]], or fragmentation filling
| guidance           = [[Inertial guidance]], Tochka-R added [[passive radar]] against radar installations
| launch_platform    = {{ill|BAZ-5921|ru|БАЗ-5921}} Mobile TEL
| is_explosive       = yes
| crew               = 3
| is_ranged          = yes
}}
'''OTR-21 ''Tochka''''' ({{langx|ru|оперативно-тактический ракетный комплекс (ОТР) «Точка»|operativno-takticheskiy raketnyy kompleks (OTR) "Tochka"|Tactical Operational Missile Complex "Point"}}) is a [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] [[tactical ballistic missile]]. Its [[GRAU]] designation is '''9K79'''. Its [[NATO reporting name]] is the '''SS-21 Scarab'''. One missile is transported per 9P129 vehicle and raised prior to launch. It uses an [[inertial guidance]] system.<ref name="dullum10">{{cite news |last1=Dullum |first1=Ove |title=The Rocket Artillery Reference Book |url=https://ffi-publikasjoner.archive.knowledgearc.net/bitstream/handle/20.500.12242/2257/09-00179.pdf |publisher=Norwegian Defence Research Establishment |date=30 June 2010}}</ref><ref name="rwd1">{{cite news |title=Technikkatalog - Taktische Rakete (TR) 9M79B,F,K |url=http://www.rwd-mb3.de/pages/9m79.htm |access-date=16 March 2023 |publisher=Rocket and Weapons Technical Service, Leipzig}}</ref>

The OTR-21 forward deployment to [[East Germany]] began in 1981,{{citation needed|date=April 2023}} replacing the earlier [[9K52 Luna-M|Luna-M]] series of unguided artillery rockets. The system was scheduled to be decommissioned by the Russian Armed Forces in 2020 in favour of the [[9K720 Iskander]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Artillery units of Russia will replace Tochka-U tactical missile with Iskander-M TASS 12811162 {{!}} November 2016 Global Defense Security news industry {{!}} Defense Security global news industry army 2016 {{!}} Archive News year |url=https://www.armyrecognition.com/november_2016_global_defense_security_news_industry/artillery_units_of_russia_will_replace_tochka-u_tactical_missile_with_iskander-m_tass_12811162.html |access-date=2023-04-21 |website=www.armyrecognition.com}}</ref> but they have been observed in use against Ukrainian targets during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Williams |first1=Ian |title=Putin's Missile War: Russia's Strike Campaign in Ukraine |date=16 August 2023 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |isbn=978-1-5381-7067-0 |page=31 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P3fREAAAQBAJ |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Alberque |first1=William |title=What has the war revealed about Russia's non-strategic missiles? |url=https://www.iiss.org/online-analysis/online-analysis/2023/03/what-has-the-war-revealed-about-russias-non-strategic-missiles/ |website= International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS) |access-date=10 September 2023 |language=en}}</ref>

==Description==
The OTR-21 is a mobile missile launch system, designed to be deployed along with other land combat units on the battlefield. While the [[9K52 Luna-M]] is large and relatively inaccurate, the OTR-21 is much smaller. The missile itself can be used for precise strikes on enemy tactical targets, such as control posts, bridges, storage facilities, troop concentrations and airfields. The fragmentation [[warhead]] can be replaced with a [[thermonuclear weapon|nuclear]], [[Biological weapon|biological]] or [[chemical weapons|chemical]] warhead. The solid propellant makes the missile easy to maintain and deploy.

OTR-21 units are usually managed in a [[brigade]] structure.{{where|date=July 2022}} There are 18 launchers in a brigade. Each launcher is provided with two or three missiles.{{sfn|Lennox|2003|p=147}}

The vehicle is [[amphibious vehicle|amphibious]], with a maximum road speed of {{convert|60|km/h|abbr=on}} and {{convert|8|km/h|abbr=on}} in water. The vehicle is [[Chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear|NBC]]-protected. The system began development in 1968. Three variants were developed.<ref name=missilethreat.csis />

===Tochka===
The initial version, ''Tochka'', NATO reporting name Scarab A, entered service with the [[Soviet Army]] in 1975.{{sfn|Lennox|2003|p=147}} It carried one of four types of warhead:
* 9M123F unitary [[High explosive]] warhead. Weight {{convert|420|kg}}.{{sfn|Lennox|2003|p=147}}
* 9M123K submunitions warhead. Anti-personnel, anti-armour and anti-runway submunitions available.{{sfn|Lennox|2003|p=147}}
* 9M79B nuclear. Selectable [[Nuclear weapon yield|yield]] of 10 or 100 kT.{{sfn|Lennox|2003|p=147}}
* 9N123R [[Electromagnetic pulse|EMP]] warhead.{{sfn|Lennox|2003|p=147}}

The minimum range was about {{convert|15|km|abbr=on}}, maximum range was {{convert|70|km|abbr=on}}. Its [[circular error probable]] (CEP) is estimated to be about {{convert|150|m|abbr=on}}.{{sfn|Lennox|2003|p=147}}
[[File:SpB-Museum-artillery-100.jpg|thumb|304x304px|A 9M79K missile for the 9K79 Tochka missile system]]

===Tochka-U===
The improved ''Tochka-U'', NATO reporting name Scarab B, passed state tests from 1986 to 1988, and was introduced in 1989.

A new motor propellant increased the range to {{convert|120|km|abbr=on}}. The CEP significantly improved, to {{convert|95|m|abbr=on}}.{{sfn|Lennox|2003|pp=147–148}} Six warhead options have been reported, a unitary high explosive warhead, an anti-personnel submunition dispenser, an anti-radar warhead, an EMP warhead and two nuclear warheads.{{sfn|Lennox|2003|p=148}}

===Scarab C===
An unconfirmed<ref name=missilethreat.csis>{{cite web|url=https://missilethreat.csis.org/missile/ss-21/|title=OTR-21 Tochka|date=2022-03-31|access-date=2022-12-04}}</ref> third variant, designated Scarab C by NATO, may have been developed in the 1990s, but was likely never operational.<ref name=missilethreat.csis /> Range increased to {{convert|185|km|abbr=on}}, and the CEP decreased to less than 70&nbsp;m (229&nbsp;ft). Scarab C weighed {{convert|1800|kg|abbr=on}}.

=== Configuration ===
* 9M79 missiles with various types of warheads (-9M79-1 for Tochka U Complex).
* Launcher 9P129 or 9P129-1M (SPU);
* Transport and loading machine 9T218 or 9T128-1 (TZM);
* Transport vehicle 9T222 or 9T238 (TM);
* Automatic testing machine 9V819 or 9V819-1 (AKIM);
* Technical service vehicle 9V844 or 9V844M (MTO).
* Set of weapon equipment 9F370-1 (KAO);
Educational means:{{citation needed|date=July 2022}}
* Simulator 9F625M;
* Missile overall weight model (such as 9M79K-GVM).
* 9M79-UT training missile and 9N123F (K) -UT, 9N39-UT warhead. 9H123F-R UT;
* 9M79-RM missile and 9N123K-RM missile split training model.

==Operational history==
* During the [[1994 Yemen civil war]], the Yemeni government used Tochka missiles against southern forces.<ref>Zaloga, Steven J. ''Scud Ballistic Missile and Launch Systems 1955-2005'', page 39.</ref>
* In 1999, Russia used the missiles in the [[Second Chechen War]].<ref>{{cite news|title=It Was No Spontaneous, But Planned War|url=http://en.novayagazeta.ru/data/2008/59/01.html|newspaper=[[Novaya Gazeta]]|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080930101732/http://en.novayagazeta.ru/data/2008/59/01.html|archive-date=2008-09-30}}</ref>
* In August 2008, at least 15 Tochka missiles were deployed by Russian forces during the [[2008 South Ossetia war]].<ref>{{cite news |first=David A. |last=Fulghum |author2=Douglas Barrie |author3=Robert Wall |author4=Andy Nativi |title=Georgian Military Folds Under Russian Attack |url=http://www.aviationweek.com/aw/generic/story_generic.jsp?channel=awst&id=news/aw081808p2.xml&headline=Georgian%20Military%20Folds%20Under%20Russian%20Attack |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110521070941/http://www.aviationweek.com/aw/generic/story_generic.jsp?channel=awst&id=news%2Faw081808p2.xml&headline=Georgian%20Military%20Folds%20Under%20Russian%20Attack |url-status=dead |archive-date=2011-05-21 |work=[[Aviation Week]] |date=2008-08-15 |access-date=2008-11-09}}</ref>
* In 2014, CNN reported that at least one was used near [[Donetsk]] during the [[War in Donbas (2014–2022)|War in Donbass]], by either the [[Ukrainian Army]] or the [[Separatist forces of the war in Donbass|Russian-backed separatist forces]]. The Ukrainian army issued a statement denying the use of the ballistic missile.<ref name=dw-20140802>{{cite news |url=http://www.dw.de/ukraine-denies-using-ballistic-missiles/a-17827342 |title=Ukraine denies using ballistic missiles |newspaper=Deutsche Welle |date=2 August 2014 |access-date=2 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006104650/http://www.dw.de/ukraine-denies-using-ballistic-missiles/a-17827342 |archive-date=6 October 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=cnn-20140903>{{cite news |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2014/09/03/world/europe/ukraine-kill-zone-lister/ |title=Wrecked tanks, deserted playgrounds: Inside the kill zone of eastern Ukraine |author=Tim Lister |publisher=CNN |date=3 September 2014 |access-date=2 October 2014 |quote=In a burned field south of Ilovaisk, on what was the frontline of combat a few days ago, we found a large green tube amid bushes and trees. Military experts have identified it as the rocket motor section of a Russian-made SS-21 "Scarab" ballistic missile. But both the Ukrainian and Russian militaries have the SS-21. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006173233/http://edition.cnn.com/2014/09/03/world/europe/ukraine-kill-zone-lister/ |archive-date=6 October 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref>

===Syrian civil war (2011–present)===
*  In early December 2014, the [[Syrian Army]] fired at least one Tochka against Syrian rebels during the [[Siege of Wadi Deif (2014)|Siege of Wadi al-Deif]] (near [[Maarat al-Numan]], in [[Idlib province]]).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aksalser.com/?page=view_articles&id=ef75454e424b20770be9b3f3fdae7fe1|title=( + ) -|date=2014-12-15|access-date=2014-12-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141217130607/http://www.aksalser.com/?page=view_articles&id=ef75454e424b20770be9b3f3fdae7fe1|archive-date=2014-12-17|url-status=live}}{{failed verification|date=April 2022}}</ref>
* On 26 April 2016, the Syrian Army fired a Tochka at [[Syrian rebels]] in the Syrian Civil Defense Center in west Aleppo.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://syria.liveuamap.com/en/2016/26-april-tochkau-fired-by-regime-in-west-aleppo|title=Tochka-U fired by regime in West Aleppo|website=Map of Syrian Civil war/ Global conflict in Syria - liveuamap.com|access-date=2016-04-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160530140733/http://syria.liveuamap.com/en/2016/26-april-tochkau-fired-by-regime-in-west-aleppo|archive-date=2016-05-30|url-status=live}}</ref>
* On 14 June 2016, the Syrian Army fired a Tochka at Syrian rebel groups [[Al-Rahman Legion]] and Jaysh Al-Fustat in [[Ghouta|Eastern Ghouta]], killing several fighters.<ref>{{cite news |last=Fadel |first=Leith |date=16 June 2016 |title=Islamist offensive in the East Ghouta turns disastrous |url=https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/rebel-offensive-turns-disastrous-east-ghouta/ |newspaper=Al Masdar News |access-date=16 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160807173051/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/rebel-offensive-turns-disastrous-east-ghouta/ |archive-date=7 August 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* On 20 March 2018, the Syrian Army fired a Tochka towards the Turkish [[Hatay province]], which fell in the border district of [[Yayladağı]] without causing any casualties or damage.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://syria.liveuamap.com/en/2018/20-march-saa-has-fired-a-tochka-ballistic-missile-at-open |title=SAA has fired a Tochka Ballistic missile at open area of Turkish town of Yayladagi/Antioch. No casualties. Hatay |access-date=2018-03-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180320171125/https://syria.liveuamap.com/en/2018/20-march-saa-has-fired-a-tochka-ballistic-missile-at-open |archive-date=2018-03-20 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://syria.liveuamap.com/en/2018/20-march-russianmade-otr21-tochka-missile-that-has-fallen |title=Russian-made OTR-21 Tochka missile that has fallen in Yayladağı district of Hatay Hatay |access-date=2019-02-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190225162251/https://syria.liveuamap.com/en/2018/20-march-russianmade-otr21-tochka-missile-that-has-fallen |archive-date=2019-02-25 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* On 23 July 2018, the Syrian Army fired two Tochka missiles near the Israeli border. Initially thought to be inbound to Israel near the [[Sea of Galilee]], two [[David's Sling]] interceptors were fired by Israel. A few moments later it became clear they were going to strike within Syria, as such one interceptor was detonated over Israel while the other one fell inside Syria.<ref>[https://www.jpost.com/Arab-Israeli-Conflict/Second-Davids-Sling-missile-fell-in-Syria-without-hitting-target-563338 "Second David's Sling-missile fell in Syria without hitting target"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190530124435/https://www.jpost.com/Arab-Israeli-Conflict/Second-Davids-Sling-missile-fell-in-Syria-without-hitting-target-563338 |date=2019-05-30 }}, ''The Jerusalem Post'', 25 July 2018</ref> One Tochka missile landed 1 kilometer inside Syria.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/syrian-missiles-with-half-ton-warheads-triggered-anti-missile-system-army-says/ |title=2 Syrian missiles with half-ton warheads trigger Israel's anti-missile system |website=[[The Times of Israel]] |access-date=2018-07-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180723140821/https://www.timesofisrael.com/syrian-missiles-with-half-ton-warheads-triggered-anti-missile-system-army-says/ |archive-date=2018-07-23 |url-status=live}}</ref>
*On 5 March 2021, the Syrian Army reportedly fired a [[KN-02 Toksa]], a North Korean copy, solid fuelled short ranged missile against a major oil facility in the country’s Idlib governorate, which is currently under the control of Turkish-backed insurgents.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Military Watch Magazine|url=https://militarywatchmagazine.com/article/syrian-army-destroys-jihadist-oil-facility-in-precise-ballistic-missile-strike|access-date=2021-03-08|website=militarywatchmagazine.com}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Missile strikes hit oil refineries in northern Syria, killing one|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/3/5/missile-strikes-hit-oil-refineries-in-north-syria-killing-one|access-date=2021-03-08|publisher=Al Jazeera|language=en|archive-date=2021-03-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308035656/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/3/5/missile-strikes-hit-oil-refineries-in-north-syria-killing-one|url-status=live}}</ref> The strike near oil facilities ignited major blazes and killed one and wounded 11 people.<ref name=":0" />

===Yemeni civil war (2014–present)===
* On 4 September 2015, [[Houthis|Houthi]] forces [[September 2015 Ma'rib Toshka missile attack|fired a Tochka missile at Safir base]] in [[Marib]] killing over 100 Saudi-led coalition personnel.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/toll-yemen-rebel-attack-rises-10-saudi-troops-33555915 |title=Toll From Yemen Rebel Attack Rises as 10 Saudi Troops Killed |publisher=[[ABC News (United States)|ABC News]] |access-date=2015-09-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150913080326/https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/toll-yemen-rebel-attack-rises-10-saudi-troops-33555915 |archive-date=2015-09-13 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.albawaba.com/news/uae-soldier-deaths-yemen-rise-52-742716 |title=UAE soldier deaths in Yemen rise to 52 |publisher=Al Bawaba |access-date=2017-03-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170904110028/https://www.albawaba.com/news/uae-soldier-deaths-yemen-rise-52-742716 |archive-date=2017-09-04 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://thesoufancenter.org/tsg-intelbrief-the-endless-fight-for-yemen/ |title=TSG IntelBrief: The Endless Fight for Yemen |date=9 September 2015 |publisher=The Soufan Group |access-date=2017-03-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170614063834/http://www.soufangroup.com/tsg-intelbrief-the-endless-fight-for-yemen/ |archive-date=2017-06-14 |url-status=live}}</ref>
* On 14 December 2015, Houthi forces [[December 2015 Taiz missile attack|fired another Tochka missile]] at [[Bab Al Mandab]] base killing over 150 Saudi-led coalition personnel stationed there.<ref>{{cite web |last=Gould |first=Joe |url=http://www.defensenews.com/story/defense/2015/12/14/united-arab-emirates/77289732/ |title=united-arab-emirates |publisher=Defensenews.com |date=2015-12-14 |access-date=2017-03-02 |archive-date=2022-06-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220619103155/https://www.defensenews.com/home/2015/12/14/152-feared-dead-in-yemen-ballistic-missle-strike/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-35091675 |title=Yemen conflict: Gulf commanders 'killed in missile strike' |publisher=BBC News |date=2015-12-14 |access-date=2017-03-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170422142527/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-35091675 |archive-date=2017-04-22 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/senior-saudi-military-commander-killed-in-yemen-1450100887 |title=Cease-fire in Yemen Ushers In Talks to End War |work=Wall Street Journal |date=2015-12-14 |access-date=2017-03-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170613101402/https://www.wsj.com/articles/senior-saudi-military-commander-killed-in-yemen-1450100887 |archive-date=2017-06-13 |url-status=live}}</ref>
* On 16 January 2016, Houthi forces fired a Tochka at Al Bairaq base in [[Marib]] killing dozens of Saudi-led coalition personnel <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.al-akhbar.com/node/250124 |title="توشكا" جديد يقصم ظهر "التحالف" &#124; الأخبار |trans-title=New "shakes" break the back of the "alliance" &#124; news|publisher=Al-akhbar.com |access-date=2017-03-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170529140111/http://www.al-akhbar.com/node/250124 |archive-date=2017-05-29 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.almanar.com.lb/english/adetails.php?fromval=1&cid=23&frid=23&eid=250292 |title=Dozens of Saudi-led Forces Killed in Yemen New Tochka Attack- Al Manar TV Website Archive |publisher=Almanar.com.lb |date=2016-01-18 |access-date=2017-03-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160127104152/http://www.almanar.com.lb/english/adetails.php?fromval=1&cid=23&frid=23&eid=250292 |archive-date=2016-01-27 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* On 31 January 2016, Houthi forces [[2016 Alanad Air Base missile attack|fired a Tochka]] at [[Al Anad Air Base|Al Anad]] base in [[Lahj]] killing and wounding over 200 Saudi-led coalition personnel<ref>{{cite web |author=Leith Fadel |url=http://www.almasdarnews.com/article/26597/ |title=Over 200 Saudi-led Coalition fighters killed in Tochka missile strike |publisher=[[Al-Masdar News]] |access-date=2017-03-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161118035515/http://www.almasdarnews.com/article/26597 |archive-date=2016-11-18 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.almanar.com.lb/english/adetails.php?eid=252844&frid=23&cid=23&fromval=1&seccatid=31 |title=Yemen's Tochka Attack Kills Blackwater Commander, Saudi Mercenaries- Al Manar TV Website Archive |publisher=Almanar.com.lb |date=2016-01-31 |access-date=2017-03-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160213232710/http://www.almanar.com.lb/english/adetails.php?eid=252844&frid=23&seccatid=31&cid=23&fromval=1 |archive-date=2016-02-13 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://postskriptum.org/2016/01/31/alanad/ |title=Defense Digest on Twitter: "Updated #Tochka strike damage in Al Anad in #Yemen, 120 Sudanese dead out of the 145 killed & more than 250 injured" |date=31 January 2016 |publisher=postskriptum.org.com |access-date=2019-08-22 |archive-date=2019-08-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190822215156/https://postskriptum.org/2016/01/31/alanad/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

===2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war===
* Azerbaijan claimed Armenia fired Tochka-U rockets at its territory during the [[2020 Nagorno-Karabakh conflict]]. Armenia denied this, stating that Azerbaijan is making "disinformation to justify the use of a similar system or a system of a higher caliber."<ref>[https://tass.com/world/1207013 Yerevan debunks reports of Tochka-U missile system use in Nagorno-Karabakh] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201002203734/https://tass.com/world/1207013 |date=2020-10-02 }} ''Tass'', 30 Sept 2020.</ref>

===Russo-Ukrainian War===
* On 24 February 2022, Ukrainian forces launched a [[Millerovo air base attack|missile attack]] on Russian [[Millerovo (air base)|Millerovo Airbase]] in Rostov Oblast, using two Tochka-U ballistic missiles in response for the [[2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine|Russian invasion of Ukraine]] and to prevent further air strikes by the Russian air force against Ukraine.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://euromaidanpress.com/2022/02/25/ukrainian-forces-launch-missile-attack-on-russias-military-airfield/|title=Ukrainian forces launch missile attack on Russia's military airfield|date=25 February 2022 |publisher=EuroMaidan Press|access-date=25 February 2022|archive-date=26 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220226121004/https://euromaidanpress.com/2022/02/25/ukrainian-forces-launch-missile-attack-on-russias-military-airfield/|url-status=live}}</ref> The attack left one [[Su-30|Su-30SM]] destroyed on the ground.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jennings |first=Gareth |date=25 February 2022 |title=Ukraine reportedly strikes Russian airbase |url=https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/ukraine-reportedly-strikes-russian-airbase |access-date=2022-03-19 |website=Janes.com |language=en |archive-date=2022-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220226181351/https://www.janes.com/defence-news/news-detail/ukraine-reportedly-strikes-russian-airbase |url-status=live }}</ref>
* On 24 February 2022, a 9M79 Tochka missile fired by Russian forces struck near a hospital building in [[Vuhledar]], [[Donetsk Oblast]], [[Ukraine]], killing 4 civilians and wounding 10. An [[Amnesty International]] investigation confirmed that the hospital was not a military target.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-02-25 |title=Russia commits indiscriminate attacks during the invasion of Ukraine |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2022/02/russian-military-commits-indiscriminate-attacks-during-the-invasion-of-ukraine/ |access-date=2022-02-28 |publisher=Amnesty International |language=en |archive-date=2022-02-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220227213655/https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2022/02/russian-military-commits-indiscriminate-attacks-during-the-invasion-of-ukraine/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* On 14 March 2022, the Russian Federation and the government of the separatist Donetsk People Republic blamed Ukrainian forces of [[2022 Donetsk bombing|launching a Tochka-U missile]] which killed 23 civilians and wounded 28 in [[Donetsk]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Tondo |first=Lorenzo |date=2022-03-14 |title=Russia accuses Kyiv of deadly missile attack on Donetsk |work=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/mar/14/russia-accuses-kyiv-of-deadly-missile-attack-on-donetsk |access-date=2022-03-15 |archive-date=2022-03-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220323132125/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/mar/14/russia-accuses-kyiv-of-deadly-missile-attack-on-donetsk |url-status=live }}</ref> The housing facility was supposedly used as a barracks for separatists forces.<ref name=ttmu>{{Cite news|date=2022-03-30|title=Tochka: The Missile Ukraine Could Use To Attack Russia?|work=19fortyfive|url=https://www.19fortyfive.com/2022/03/tochka-the-missile-ukraine-could-use-to-attack-russia/|access-date=2022-04-09|archive-date=2022-04-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220409212105/https://www.19fortyfive.com/2022/03/tochka-the-missile-ukraine-could-use-to-attack-russia/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* On 19 March 2022, Russian forces claimed that they shot down a Ukrainian-fired missile near the [[Port of Berdiansk]].<ref name=ttmu/>
* On 24 March 2022, the Russian Navy landing ship ''Saratov'', docked in Berdyansk port in Ukraine, caught fire and sunk.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/44904/russian-landing-ship-destroyed-in-massive-explosion-in-captured-ukrainian-port-city|title=Russian Landing Ship Destroyed In Massive Explosion In Captured Ukrainian Port City|work=The Drive|date=24 March 2022|access-date=27 March 2022|archive-date=13 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220413141126/https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/44904/russian-landing-ship-destroyed-in-massive-explosion-in-captured-ukrainian-port-city|url-status=live}}</ref> On 3 July, a Russian official confirmed the sinking of the Saratov, a Soviet era [[Tapir-class landing ship]]. The ship was hit by a Tochka-U missile. Russia claims that the ship was scuttled by its crew to prevent its munitions from exploding and that the ship has been salvaged since.<ref>{{cite news |title=Russia dredges up landing ship hit by Ukraine missile fire |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-62022476 |access-date=4 July 2022 |work=BBC |date=3 July 2022 |language=en }}</ref>
* On 8 April 2022, the railway station in [[Kramatorsk]] under Ukrainian control was [[Kramatorsk railway station attack|hit by two Russian Tochka-U ballistic missiles]]. The attack killed at least 52 civilians and injured at least 87 more. Later, Russia falsely blamed Ukraine for the strike.<ref>Digital Forensic Research Lab, Russian War Report: Russia makes false claims while blaming Ukraine for Kramatorsk railway station attack. [https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/new-atlanticist/russian-war-report-russia-makes-false-claims-while-blaming-ukraine-for-kramatorsk-railway-station-attack/ Atlantic Council’s Digital Forensic Research Lab, April 8, 2022] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220410135531/https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/new-atlanticist/russian-war-report-russia-makes-false-claims-while-blaming-ukraine-for-kramatorsk-railway-station-attack/ |date=April 10, 2022 }}.</ref> The message in Russian "Za detei", meaning on behalf of the children, had been daubed on the missile in white.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Harding |first1=Luke |last2=Walker |first2=Shaun |title=Russia accused of 'monstrous' war crime in Kramatorsk station attack |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/apr/08/kramatorsk-train-station-ukraine-russia-rockets |access-date=8 April 2022 |work=The Guardian |date=8 April 2022 |language=en |archive-date=14 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220414055821/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/apr/08/kramatorsk-train-station-ukraine-russia-rockets |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ukraine seeks tough reply after missile kills 52 at station |accessdate=8 April 2022 |url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/ukraine-seeks-tough-reply-missile-kills-52-station-83977967 |website=ABCNEWS |language=en |archive-date=9 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220409060309/https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/ukraine-seeks-tough-reply-missile-kills-52-station-83977967 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Kramatorsk station attack: What we know so far |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-61036740 |access-date=9 April 2022 |work=BBC |date=9 April 2022 |language=en |archive-date=8 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220408174230/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-61036740 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* On 16 June 2022, a Russian ammunition warehouse in the occupied Ukrainian city of [[Khrustalnyi]] was report to have been hit by a Ukrainian Tochka-U missile.<ref>{{cite tweet|number=1539427449397813250|user=Osinttechnical|title=Footage on the ground from Krasnyi Luch near the Russian ammunition depot that was hit by a Ukrainian OTR-21 Tochka-…|date=22 June 2022}}</ref>{{sps|date=October 2023}}
* On 13 January 2023, Ukraine claims to have killed over 100 Russian soldiers in the Soledar area using various special forces, artillery and a Tochka-U missile.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ukraine claims to have killed more than 100 Russians in missile strike |url=https://www.news.com.au/world/europe/ukraine-claims-to-have-killed-more-than-100-russians-in-missile-strike/news-story/249629d542860d8cf3d8ea24b1f9204e |date=12 January 2023 |website=news.com.au |access-date=13 January 2023}}</ref>
* On 12 May 2024, according to Russian government and state media reports, a Ukrainian missile attack reportedly containing Tochka-U's allegedly damaged a 10-story residential building in [[Belgorod]], with a reported death toll of 15 people. <ref>{{cite web |title=Ukraine strikes Russian apartment building killing 15 people |url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/ukraine-strikes-russian-apartment-building-local-governor/story?id=110143742 |date=13 May 2024 |website=abcnews.go.com |access-date=20 June 2024}}</ref>

==Operators==
[[File:OTR-21 operators.png|thumb|400px|A map of OTR-21 operators in blue, with former operators in red. ('''Note:''' ''Russian Tochka-U ballistic missiles were returned to service amid Ukraine war in March 2022'').<ref>Елина Рощина, В Беларуси заметили активное движение военной техники и наемников из РФ. (''tr. "Elina Roshchina, Active movement of military equipment and mercenaries from the Russian Federation was noticed in Belarus"'')[https://www.pravda.com.ua/rus/news/2022/03/8/7329475/ 8 март 2022, Украинская правда.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220410083744/https://www.pravda.com.ua/rus/news/2022/03/8/7329475/ |date=2022-04-10 }}</ref>]]
[[File:Tochka-yerevanska.jpeg|thumb|An [[Armenia]]n OTR-21 during the Independence Day parade in [[Yerevan]], 2016]]
[[File:OTR-21 Tochka missiles of the Ukrainian Military.JPG|thumb|[[Ukraine|Ukrainian]] OTR-21 Tochka missiles during the Independence Day parade in [[Kyiv]], 2008]]

===Current operators===
;{{flagu|Armenia}}: 3+<ref>''The Military Balance 2021'', P.179</ref>
;{{flagu|Azerbaijan}}: 4<ref>''The Military Balance 2021'', P.181</ref>
;{{flagu|Belarus}}: 36<ref>''The Military Balance 2021'', P.184</ref> (operated by [[465th Missile Brigade]])<ref name=":12">{{Cite journal |last=Muzyka |first=Konrad |date=August 2021 |title=The Belarusian Armed Forces: Structures, Capabilities, and Defence Relations with Russia |url=https://icds.ee/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/The-Belarusian-Armed-Forces.pdf |journal= |publisher=International Centre for Defence and Security |page=8 |issn=2228-2076 |access-date=2022-05-30 |archive-date=2022-01-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119001132/https://icds.ee/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/The-Belarusian-Armed-Forces.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
;{{flagu|Bulgaria}}: 18<ref name="Capital BG">{{cite web |url=http://www.capital.bg/politika_i_ikonomika/bulgaria/2014/04/11/2280244_da_izkovem_ot_plugovete_mechove/ |title=Da izkovem ot plugovete mechove |publisher=Economedia |date=2014-04-11 |access-date=9 August 2014 |author=Milev, Momchil |page=2 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140417144212/http://www.capital.bg/politika_i_ikonomika/bulgaria/2014/04/11/2280244_da_izkovem_ot_plugovete_mechove/ |archive-date=17 April 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref>
;{{flagu|Kazakhstan}}: 12<ref>''The Military Balance 2021'', P.187</ref>
;{{flagu|North Korea}}: Unknown numbers of [[KN-02 Toksa]] variant.
;{{flagu|Russia}}: In 2010, the [[Russian Army]] had more than 200 [[surface-to-surface missile]]s (SSMs) of various types in service. These included the Tochka,<ref name="MilitaryBalance2010">{{Cite web|url=https://www.academia.edu/7427329|title=Military Balance 2010|pages=223|quote=200 SS-21 Scarab (Tochka)|last1=Haryanto |first1=Dedi }}</ref> which underwent a modernization program in 2004, with the installation of a new automatic control system.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.militaryparitet.com/ttp/data/ic_ttp/173/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120225021038/http://www.militaryparitet.com/ttp/data/ic_ttp/173/|url-status=usurped|archive-date=25 February 2012|title=24.02.12 СМИ: Минобороны отказалось ремонтировать тактические ракеты "Точка-У"|website=militaryparitet.com|date=2012-02-24|access-date=2022-07-14|language=Ru}}</ref> As of 2019, Russia possessed 24 launchers.<ref>''The Military Balance 2019'', P.197</ref> Russian missile systems have been upgraded since 2004, replacing the onboard automated control systems,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.militaryparitet.com/ttp/data/ic_ttp/173/|date=24 February 2012|title=24.02.12 СМИ: Минобороны отказалось ремонтировать тактические ракеты "Точка-У"|publisher=militaryparitet.com|access-date=23 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141211054603/http://www.militaryparitet.com/ttp/data/ic_ttp/173/|archive-date=11 December 2014|url-status=usurped}}</ref><ref>''The Military Balance 2010''. P. 223.</ref> and were scheduled to be replaced by the [[9K720 Iskander]] missiles.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://vpk.name/news/105125_velikii_voin_i_zashitnik_iskander.html|title=Великий воин и защитник "Искандер"|date=12 February 2014 |publisher=vpk.name|access-date=23 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141210210447/http://vpk.name/news/105125_velikii_voin_i_zashitnik_iskander.html|archive-date=10 December 2014|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://izvestia.ru/news/516291|title=Сухопутные войска теряют тактические ракеты|author=Денис Тельманов|work=Известия|date=23 February 2012|access-date=23 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141214180045/http://izvestia.ru/news/516291|archive-date=14 December 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> It was reported that in late 2019, the [[448th Rocket Brigade]], the last rocket brigade operating the Tochka ballistic missiles, was rearmed with the 9K720 Iskander missiles, marking the end of operation of the type with the Russian Armed Forces. Some systems are expected to remain in use at the [[Kapustin Yar]] missile test range.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://function.mil.ru/news_page/country/more.htm?id=12263177@egNews|title=Сухопутные войска завершили перевооружение на оперативно-тактический ракетный комплекс "Искандер"|publisher=[[Ministry of Defence (Russia)|Russian Defence Ministry]]|date=22 November 2019|accessdate=9 April 2022|archive-date=8 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220408105042/https://function.mil.ru/news_page/country/more.htm?id=12263177@egNews|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gazeta.ru/army/2020/04/13/13047013.shtml?updated|title="Принудительная дипломатия»: почему НАТО опасается «Искандеров"|website=gazeta.ru|date=13 April 2020|accessdate=9 April 2022|archive-date=9 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220409155432/https://www.gazeta.ru/army/2020/04/13/13047013.shtml?updated|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2022-04-08 |title=Fragments of Tochka-U missile used by Ukrainian army found on Kramatorsk strike site |url=https://tass.com/world/1434717 |access-date=2022-04-08 |website=TASS |archive-date=2022-04-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220408104733/https://tass.com/world/1434717 |url-status=live }}</ref> Despite these claims, Russian news reports and social media footage show the Russian army still displaying Tochkas at public events in 2021, including at the [[Victory Day (9 May)|Victory Day]] parade in [[Krasnodar]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Russia's Kramatorsk 'Facts' Versus the Evidence |work=Bellingcat |date=14 April 2022 |url=https://www.bellingcat.com/news/2022/04/14/russias-kramatorsk-facts-versus-the-evidence/ |access-date=2022-04-16 |archive-date=2022-04-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220416005659/https://www.bellingcat.com/news/2022/04/14/russias-kramatorsk-facts-versus-the-evidence/ |url-status=live }}</ref> 
;{{flagu|Ukraine}}: According to the Russian Ministry of Defense, as of April 2022, Ukraine possessed 38–90 Tochka missile launchers and several hundred missiles.<ref name=":2" /> The [[Center for Strategic and International Studies]] (CSIS) states that Ukraine had 500 Tochka-U missiles in its arsenal in 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-31 |title=OTR-21 Tochka (SS-21) |url=https://missilethreat.csis.org/missile/ss-21/ |access-date=2022-04-08 |website=[[Center for Strategic and International Studies]] |language=en-US |archive-date=2014-04-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407082819/http://missilethreat.com/missiles/otr-21a-21b-ss-21/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
;{{flagu|Syria}}: In February 2017, US officials claimed Russia supplied 50 Tochka-U missiles to Syria.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Litovkin |first1=Nikolai |last2=RBTH |date=2017-02-10 |title=Are Russia's SS-21 missiles in use in Syria against Islamic extremists? |url=https://www.rbth.com/defence/2017/02/09/are-russias-ss-21-missiles-in-use-in-syria-against-islamic-extremists_699118 |access-date=2022-04-08 |website=Russia Beyond |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-04-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220408205412/https://www.rbth.com/defence/2017/02/09/are-russias-ss-21-missiles-in-use-in-syria-against-islamic-extremists_699118 |url-status=live }}</ref> Kremlin spokesperson [[Dmitry Peskov]] claimed that Russia has no such information, and the Russian Ministry of Defense denied it.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-02-09 |title=Russian Defense Ministry rejects reports of alleged use of Tochka-U missiles in Syria |url=https://tass.com/defense/929981 |access-date=2022-04-08 |website=TASS |archive-date=2022-04-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220408205309/https://tass.com/defense/929981 |url-status=live }}</ref>
;{{flagu|Yemen}}: Inherited from [[Yemen Arab Republic|North Yemen]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Cooper |first1=Tom |title=Hot Skies Over Yemen, Volume 2: Aerial Warfare Over the South Arabian Peninsula, 1994-2017 |date=2018 |publisher=Helion & Company Publishing |location=Warwick, UK |isbn=978-1-911628-18-7|page=15}}</ref> Used during  the [[Yemeni Civil War (1994)|1994 civil war]] and the [[Yemeni Civil War (2014-present)|ongoing civil war]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Cooper |first1=Tom |title=Hot Skies Over Yemen, Volume 2: Aerial Warfare Over the South Arabian Peninsula, 1994-2017 |date=2018 |publisher=Helion & Company Publishing |location=Warwick, UK |isbn=978-1-911628-18-7|page=56}}</ref>

===Former operators===

;{{flagu|Czechoslovakia}}: Passed on to successor states.
;{{flagu|Czech Republic}}: Inherited from Czechoslovakia, retired.
;{{flagu|East Germany}}: Passed on to Germany.
;{{flagu|Germany}}: Retired; was never operational.
;{{flagu|North Yemen}}: Ordered 12 launchers and around 100 missiles. Declared operational in 1988.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Cooper |first1=Tom |title=Hot Skies Over Yemen, Volume 1: Aerial Warfare Over the South Arabian Peninsula, 1962-1994 |date=2017 |publisher=Helion & Company Publishing |location=Solihull, UK |isbn=978-1-912174-23-2|page=44}}</ref> They were used during the 1994 civil war,<ref>{{cite book |last1=Cooper |first1=Tom |title=Hot Skies Over Yemen, Volume 1: Aerial Warfare Over the South Arabian Peninsula, 1962-1994 |date=2017 |publisher=Helion & Company Publishing |location=Solihull, UK |isbn=978-1-912174-23-2|page=51}}</ref> and were passed on to unified Yemen after.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Cooper |first1=Tom |title=Hot Skies Over Yemen, Volume 2: Aerial Warfare Over the South Arabian Peninsula, 1994-2017 |date=2018 |publisher=Helion & Company Publishing |location=Warwick, UK |isbn=978-1-911628-18-7|page=15}}</ref>
;{{flagu|Poland}}: 4 retired in 2005, because of lack of rockets and service parts.<ref>[http://www.militarium.net/wojsko_polskie/uzbrojenie.php MILITARIUM – Wojsko Polskie – Uzbrojenie<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130826233723/http://www.militarium.net/wojsko_polskie/uzbrojenie.php |date=2013-08-26 }}</ref>
;{{flagu|Slovakia}}: Inherited a small number from Czechoslovakia, all retired.
;{{flagu|Soviet Union}}: Passed on to successor states.

==See also ==
* {{lwc|MGM-52 Lance}}
* {{lwc|9K720 Iskander}}
* {{lwc|B-611#P-12|P-12}}
* {{lwc|Prahaar (missile)|Prahaar}}
* {{lwc|LORA (missile)|LORA}}
* {{lwc|MGM-140 ATACMS}}

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

* {{cite book |editor-last=Lennox |editor-first=Duncan |title=Jane's Strategic Weapon Systems |edition=38 |year=2003 |location=Coulsdon, UK |publisher=Jane's Information Group |isbn=0-71060880-2}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|OTR-21 Tochka}}
* [http://missilethreat.csis.org/missile/ss-21-tochka/ CSIS Missile Threat SS-21]
* [http://missilethreat.csis.org/missile-war-yemen/ CSIS Missile Defense Project - The Missile War in Yemen]
* [http://warfare.be/rus/?lang=rus&linkid=1704&catid=265 SS-21 Scarab article on Warfare.ru]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VeRzHyFX68M Tochka-U Video]
* [http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/missile/row/ss-21.htm SS-21 Scarab (9K79 Tochka)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160828045811/http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/missile/row/ss-21.htm |date=28 August 2016 }}
* {{in lang|ru}} [http://www.kapyar.ru/index.php?pg=250 OTR ''Tochka''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220221193104/http://www.kapyar.ru/index.php?pg=250 |date=21 February 2022 }}

{{PostWWIISovietAFVS}}
{{Russian and Soviet military designation sequences}}
{{Russian and Soviet missiles|SSM}}
{{USAF/DoD reporting names}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Otr-21 Tochka}}
[[Category:Cold War missiles of the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Nuclear missiles of the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Tactical ballistic missiles]]
[[Category:Theatre ballistic missiles]]
[[Category:Chemical weapon delivery systems]]
[[Category:KB Mashinostroyeniya products]]
[[Category:Tactical ballistic missiles of North Korea]]
[[Category:Tactical ballistic missiles of the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Military equipment introduced in the 1970s]]