View source for Sa (rank)

'''{{lang|ja-Latn|Sa}}''' ({{Langx|ja|[[wiktionary:佐|佐]]}}; {{korean|hangul=좌|hanja=佐|rr=jwa}}; {{Langx|vi|tá}}) is the rank held by [[Senior officer|field-grade officer]]s in the militaries of [[Japan Self-Defense Forces|Japan]], [[People's Army of Vietnam|Vietnam]] and [[Korean People's Army|North Korea]].

==Japan==
{{see also|Ranks and insignia of the Japan Self-Defense Forces}}
The only difference between rank names are the use of [[Morpheme|morphemes]], which are {{lang|ja-Latn|riku}} ({{langx|ja|陸|lit=land}}), {{lang|ja-Latn|kai}} ({{langx|ja|海|lit=sea}}) or {{lang|ja-Latn|kū}} ({{langx|ja|空|lit=air}}).<ref name="Defense of Japan 2004">{{Cite book |language=ja  |chapter={{lang|ja|自衛隊の階級}} |trans-chapter=Ranks of the JSDF |script-title=ja:平成16年版 防衛白書 |trans-title=Defense of Japan 2004 |publisher=[[Ministry of Defense (Japan)|Japanese Defense Agency]] |page=266 |url=http://www.clearing.mod.go.jp/hakusho_data/2004/2004/pdf/16510000.pdf |date=2004 |access-date=2018-04-09 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130727224810/http://www.clearing.mod.go.jp/hakusho_data/2004/2004/pdf/16510000.pdf |archive-date=2013-07-27}}</ref>
{| style="border:1px solid #8888aa; background-color:#f7f8ff; padding:5px; font-size:95%; margin: 0px 12px 12px 0px;"
|- style="background-color:#CCCCCC; text-align:center;"
! Rank group||colspan=4| Senior officers
|- style="text-align:center; background:#efefef;"
| || {{Nihongo|1等佐<br/>|Ittō sa}} || {{Nihongo|2等佐<br/>|Nitō sa}} || {{Nihongo|3等佐<br/>|Santō sa}}
|- style="text-align:center; background:#efefef;"
| Literal translation || [[Aide-de-camp|Aide]] first class || Aide second class || Aide third class
|- style="text-align:center;"
| '''{{army|Japan|name=Japanese Ground Forces}}'''<ref name="Official">{{cite web |title=自衛官の階級 |trans-title=Self-Defense Forces rank |url=https://www.mod.go.jp/j/profile/mod_sdf/class/index.html
 |website=mod.go.jp |access-date=26 December 2021 |language=ja}}</ref>
| [[File:JGSDF Colonel insignia (b)(dark purple).svg|50px]]
| [[File:JGSDF Lieutenant Colonel insignia (b)(dark purple).svg|50px]]
| [[File:JGSDF Major insignia (b)(dark purple).svg|50px]]
|- style="text-align:center;"
| U.S. equivalent<ref name="US">{{cite book |last1=Dolan  |first1=Roland E. |editor1-last=Dolan |editor1-first=Roland E. |editor2-last=Worden |editor2-first=Robert L. |title=Japan: a country study |series=Area Handbook |date=1992 |publisher=Library of Congress |location=Washington, D.C. |lccn=91029874 |page=448-449 |edition=5th |url=https://www.loc.gov/resource/frdcstdy.japancountrystud00dola/?sp=504 |access-date=21 October 2021 |chapter=National Security}}</ref>
| [[Colonel]]
| [[Lieutenant colonel]]
| [[Major (rank)|Major]]
|- style="text-align:center;"
| '''{{Navy|Japan|name=Japanese Navy}}'''<ref name="Official" /><ref name="navy">{{cite web |title=階級章 |trans-title=Rank chapter |url=https://www.mod.go.jp/msdf/formal/about/basic/class/ |website=mod.go.jp |access-date=7 June 2021 |language=ja}}</ref>
| [[File:Japan-Navy-OF-5.svg|50px]]
| [[File:Japan-Navy-OF-4.svg|50px]]
| [[File:Japan-Navy-OF-3.svg|50px]]
|- style="text-align:center;"
| U.S. equivalent<ref name="US" /> 
| [[Captain (naval)|Captain]]
| [[Commander]]
| [[Lieutenant commander]]
|- style="text-align:center;"
| '''{{air force|Japan|name=Japanese Air Force}}'''<ref name="Official" /><ref name="USAirforce">{{cite web |title=Rank of Insignias |url=https://www.yokota.af.mil/shared/media/document/afd-120807-002.pdf |website=yokota.af.mil |publisher=Yokota Air Base |access-date=7 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150215091853/https://www.yokota.af.mil/shared/media/document/afd-120807-002.pdf |archive-date=15 February 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
|[[File:JASDF Colonel insignia (b).svg|50px]]||[[File:JASDF Lieutenant Colonel insignia (b).svg|50px]]||[[File:JASDF Major insignia (b).svg|50px]]
|- style="text-align:center;"
| U.S. equivalent<ref name="US" />
| [[Colonel]] || [[Lieutenant colonel]] || [[Major (rank)|Major]]
|- style="text-align:center; background:#efefef;"
| || {{Nihongo|1等佐<br/>|Ittō sa}} || {{Nihongo|2等佐<br/>|Nitō sa}} || {{Nihongo|3等佐<br/>|Santō sa}}
|- style="background-color:#CCCCCC; text-align:center;"
! Rank group||colspan=4| Senior officers
|}

==North Korea==
{{see also|Military ranks of North Korea}}
{{Infobox Korean name
| title   = Jwa
| hangul  = 좌
| hanja   = {{linktext|佐}}
| rr      = Jwa
| mr      = Jwa
| context = 
| img     =
| caption = 
}}
{| style="border:1px solid #8888aa; background-color:#f7f8ff; padding:5px; font-size:95%; margin: 0px 12px 12px 0px; text-align:center;"
|- style="background-color:#CCCCCC;"
! Rank group||colspan=4| Senior officers
|- style="background:#efefef;"
! [[Hangul]]
| {{lang|ko|대좌}}
| {{lang|ko|상좌}}
| {{lang|ko|중좌}}
| {{lang|ko|소좌}}
|- style="background:#efefef;"
! [[Hanja]]
| {{lang|ko|大佐}}
| {{lang|ko|上佐}}
| {{lang|ko|中佐}}
| {{lang|ko|少佐}}
|- style="background:#efefef;"
! [[Revised Romanization of Korean|Romanization]]
| {{lang|ko-Latn|Daechwa}}
| {{lang|ko-Latn|Sangjwa}}
| {{lang|ko-Latn|Chungjwa}}
| {{lang|ko-Latn|Sojwa}}
|- style="background:#efefef;"
! Literal translation
| Great assistant
| Upper assistant
| Middle assistant
| Small assistant
|-
| '''{{army|North Korea}}'''<ref name="North_Korea">{{cite book |last1=Minnich |first1=James M. |editor1-last=Worden |editor1-first=Robert L. |title=North Korea: a country study |series=Area Handbook |date=2008 |publisher=Library of Congress |location=Washington, D.C. |lccn=2008028547 |pages=266, 268 |edition=5th  |url=https://www.loc.gov/resource/frdcstdy.northkoreacountr00word/?sp=312 |access-date=20 October 2021 |chapter=National Security}}</ref>
| [[File:DPRK-Army-OF-5b.svg|50px]]
| [[File:DPRK-Army-OF-5a.svg|50px]]
| [[File:DPRK-Army-OF-4.svg|50px]]
| [[File:DPRK-Army-OF-3.svg|50px]]
|-
| U.S. equivalent<ref name="North_Korea" />
| None
| [[Colonel]]
| [[Lieutenant colonel]]
| [[Major (rank)|Major]]
|-
| '''{{navy|North Korea}}'''<ref name="North_Korea" />
| [[File:DPRK-Navy-OF-5b.svg|50px]] 
| [[File:DPRK-Navy-OF-5a.svg|50px]]
| [[File:DPRK-Navy-OF-4.svg|50px]]
| [[File:DPRK-Navy-OF-3.svg|50px]]
|-
| U.S. equivalent<ref name="North_Korea" />
| None
| [[Captain (naval)|Captain]]
| [[Commander]]
| [[Lieutenant commander]]
|-
| '''{{air force|North Korea}}'''<ref name="North_Korea" />
| [[File:DPRK-AirForce-OF-5b.svg|50px]]
| [[File:DPRK-AirForce-OF-5a.svg|50px]]
| [[File:DPRK-AirForce-OF-4.svg|50px]]
| [[File:DPRK-AirForce-OF-3.svg|50px]]
|-
| U.S. equivalent<ref name="North_Korea" />
| None
| [[Colonel]]
| [[Lieutenant colonel]]
| [[Major (rank)|Major]]
|- style="background:#efefef;"
! 
| {{lang|ko|대좌}}<br />{{lang|ko-Latn|Daechwa}}
| {{lang|ko|상좌}}<br />{{lang|ko-Latn|Sangjwa}}
| {{lang|ko|중좌}}<br />{{lang|ko-Latn|Chungjwa}}
| {{lang|ko|소좌}}<br />{{lang|ko-Latn|Sojwa}}
|- style="background-color:#CCCCCC;"
! Rank group||colspan=4| Senior officers
|}

==Vietnam==
{{main|Vietnamese military ranks and insignia}}
{| style="border:1px solid #8888aa; background-color:#f7f8ff; padding:5px; font-size:95%; margin: 0px 12px 12px 0px; text-align:center;"
|- style="background-color:#CCCCCC;"
! Rank group
! colspan=4| Senior officers
|- style="background:#efefef;"
| [[Vietnamese language|Vietnamese]] || {{lang|vi|Đại tá}} || {{lang|vi|Thượng tá}} || {{lang|vi|Trung tá}} || {{lang|vi|Thiếu tá}}
|- style="background:#efefef;"
| [[Chữ Hán]] || {{Vi-nom|大佐}} || {{Vi-nom|上佐}} || {{Vi-nom|中佐}} || {{Vi-nom|少佐}}
|- style="background:#efefef;"
| Literal translation || Grand assistant || Upper assistant || Middle assistant || Lower assistant
|-
| '''{{army|Vietnam}}'''<ref name="Vietnam">{{cite web |title=Quy định quân hiệu, cấp hiệu, phù hiệu và lễ phục của Quân đội nhân dân Việt Nam |url=http://www.mod.gov.vn/wps/portal/!ut/p/b1/vZTbcqJAEIafJQ9gMcOZSxiOg6AcBW4sEVSECEEU5OmXbLJbm9RuvMk6fdVVf9fX_c_0EAkREclpcy32m66oT5vqNU_YtSraLi9BEQDgMcCgRDOYC1MicpMgngRIE3WamwPAz7VJIOqBKzgUBUTqY_2C0_mpHiGGCikIJECsiOgY0wM6W70i-ruynFfb1fYQX7ZNdtn5qHA8c6zP5WWtN7JZeulq7Id0jm6zQejicQQsiZnxbA4Q57NTs-r7sKUaVLQlv5USsiPHDjJShYe9dkQvriL39cy8OujA12x08P2QCfHIXDr1KPJw3aZRs1ueQ_tk1k_vs4F_HBHcm-2t_gvBHW9XRPJRoomhCgzsARFxDIlo7l3wlf0_BV_MEE8C7o8mfZ6bujBCgZZpCESW8IkI0GvveGuMsRzdI-iBPzrQBh0GXGhZnB7YQYXtbAE9ObRgG_RWig3Lx5Y3BqQn6MssdANJlOTL3r_eA3KPBjL_G6gt9Ndb8zHjLRwS0NSDJ3TobwdiItlXdTp9EGESU5JcG72ieOtDsFh6TK4Vy7piTSpNvZtbVTG5P_HXbTEfbE3I8eGUsfDs3MJcRU1WvTi52SWXoj-uFptwE0eD1SaoWy27ss1UyzsBf5fBgyr07TEdcUpK82dnN-SoyGZNv0CIXxou1HKc-HzKIoVLcXNBNuhNeNhYAPdT3oc2ZexMrbAYdqf6oTq-bBF5fiJsvX7OP9v3aRGdvz2QwVb6wR-xAUswWEHr2r5yswTJ9mXlBgJoW21meWUNvbIxz538yz4v4oToDpClHwx0uP8N_LwC4NGWst8ObJ6DqzlnXX2MfkeuXZ_fYv_0AytYOeM!/dl4/d5/L2dBISEvZ0FBIS9nQSEh/ |website=mod.gov.vn |publisher=Ministry of Defence (Vietnam) |access-date=30 May 2021 |date=26 August 2009|lang=vi|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211202031836/http://www.mod.gov.vn/wps/portal/!ut/p/b1/vZTbcqJAEIafJQ9gMcOZSxiOg6AcBW4sEVSECEEU5OmXbLJbm9RuvMk6fdVVf9fX_c_0EAkREclpcy32m66oT5vqNU_YtSraLi9BEQDgMcCgRDOYC1MicpMgngRIE3WamwPAz7VJIOqBKzgUBUTqY_2C0_mpHiGGCikIJECsiOgY0wM6W70i-ruynFfb1fYQX7ZNdtn5qHA8c6zP5WWtN7JZeulq7Id0jm6zQejicQQsiZnxbA4Q57NTs-r7sKUaVLQlv5USsiPHDjJShYe9dkQvriL39cy8OujA12x08P2QCfHIXDr1KPJw3aZRs1ueQ_tk1k_vs4F_HBHcm-2t_gvBHW9XRPJRoomhCgzsARFxDIlo7l3wlf0_BV_MEE8C7o8mfZ6bujBCgZZpCESW8IkI0GvveGuMsRzdI-iBPzrQBh0GXGhZnB7YQYXtbAE9ObRgG_RWig3Lx5Y3BqQn6MssdANJlOTL3r_eA3KPBjL_G6gt9Ndb8zHjLRwS0NSDJ3TobwdiItlXdTp9EGESU5JcG72ieOtDsFh6TK4Vy7piTSpNvZtbVTG5P_HXbTEfbE3I8eGUsfDs3MJcRU1WvTi52SWXoj-uFptwE0eD1SaoWy27ss1UyzsBf5fBgyr07TEdcUpK82dnN-SoyGZNv0CIXxou1HKc-HzKIoVLcXNBNuhNeNhYAPdT3oc2ZexMrbAYdqf6oTq-bBF5fiJsvX7OP9v3aRGdvz2QwVb6wR-xAUswWEHr2r5yswTJ9mXlBgJoW21meWUNvbIxz538yz4v4oToDpClHwx0uP8N_LwC4NGWst8ObJ6DqzlnXX2MfkeuXZ_fYv_0AytYOeM!/dl4/d5/L2dBISEvZ0FBIS9nQSEh/|archive-date=2 December 2021|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| [[File:Vietnam People's Army Senior Colonel.png|50px]]
| [[File:Vietnam People's Army Colonel.png|50px]]
| [[File:Vietnam People's Army Lieutenant Colonel.png|55px]]
| [[File:Vietnam People's Army Major.png|50px]]
|-
| '''Translation'''<ref name="Pike">{{cite book |last1=Pike |first1=Douglas |editor1-last=Cima |editor1-first=Ronald J. |title=Vietnam: a country study |series=Area Handbook |date=1989 |publisher=Library of Congress |location=Washington, D.C. |lccn=88600482 |page=256 |edition=1st |url=https://www.loc.gov/resource/frdcstdy.vietnamcountryst00cima_0/?sp=310&st=image |access-date=31 December 2023 |chapter=National Security}}</ref>
| [[Senior colonel]]
| [[Colonel]]
| [[Lieutenant colonel]]
| [[Major (rank)|Major]]
|-
| '''{{navy|Vietnam}}'''<ref name="Vietnam" />
| [[File:Vietnam People's Navy Commodorel.png|50px]]
| [[File:Vietnam People's Navy Senior Commander.png|50px]]
| [[File:Vietnam People's Navy Commander.png|50px]]
| [[File:Vietnam People's Navy Lieutenant Commander.png|50px]]
|-
| '''Translation'''<ref name="Pike" />
| [[Senior captain|Upper captain]]
| [[Captain (naval)|Captain]]
| [[Commander]]
| [[Lieutenant commander]]
|-
| '''{{air force|Vietnam}}'''<ref name="Vietnam" />
| [[File:Vietnam People's Air Force Senior Colonel.png|50px]]
| [[File:Vietnam People's Air Force Colonel.png|50px]]
| [[File:Vietnam People's Air Force Lieutenant Colonel.png|50px]]
| [[File:Vietnam People's Air Force Major.png|50px]]
|-
| '''Translation'''<ref name="Pike" />
| Senior colonel
| Colonel
| Lieutenant colonel
| Major
|- style="background:#efefef;"
| Vietnamese|| {{lang|vi|Đại tá}} || {{lang|vi|Thượng tá}} || {{lang|vi|Trung tá}} || {{lang|vi|Thiếu tá}}
|- style="background-color:#CCCCCC;"
! Rank group
! colspan=4| Senior officers
|}

===South Vietnamese variant===
{{main|South Vietnamese military ranks and insignia}}
{| style="border:1px solid #8888aa; background-color:#f7f8ff; padding:5px; font-size:95%; margin: 0px 12px 12px 0px; text-align:center;"
|- style="background-color:#CCCCCC;"
! Rank group
! colspan=3| Senior officers
|- style="background:#efefef;"
| [[Vietnamese language|Vietnamese]] || {{lang|vi|Đại tá}}  || {{lang|vi|Trung tá}} || {{lang|vi|Thiếu tá}}
|- style="background:#efefef;"
| [[Chữ Hán]] || {{Vi-nom|大佐}}  || {{Vi-nom|中佐}} || {{Vi-nom|少佐}}
|- style="background:#efefef;"
| Literal translation || Great assistant || Middle assistant || Lower assistant
|-
| '''{{army|South Vietnam}}'''<br />{{small|(1967-1975)}}<ref name="SVietnamA2">{{cite book |author1=Armed Forces Information and Education |title=Uniforms of Seven Allies (DOD GEN-30) |date=1968 |publisher=Department of Defense |pages=26-28 |url=https://archive.org/details/UniformsOfSevenAllies01/Uniforms%20of%20Seven%20Allies%2026.jpg |access-date=2 July 2022}}</ref>
| [[File:B ARVN-OF-5.svg|50px]]
| [[File:B ARVN-OF-4.svg|50px]]
| [[File:B ARVN-OF-3.svg|50px]]
|-
| Translation<ref name="SVietnamA2" />
| [[Colonel]]
| [[Lieutenant colonel]]
| [[Major (rank)|Major]]
|- 
| '''{{navy|South Vietnam}}'''<br />{{small|(1967-1975)}}<ref name="SVietnamA2" />
| [[File:B VNN-OF-5.svg|50px]]
| [[File:B VNN-OF-4.svg|50px]]
| [[File:B VNN-OF-3.svg|50px]]
|-
| Translation<ref name="SVietnamA2" />
| [[Captain (naval)|Captain]]
| [[Commander]]
| [[Lieutenant commander]]
|- 
|  '''{{marines|South Vietnam}}'''<br />{{small|(1967-1975)}}
| [[File:B_RVNMD-OF-5.svg|50px]]
| [[File:B_RVNMD-OF-4.svg|50px]]
| [[File:B_RVNMD-OF-3.svg|50px]]
|-
| Translation
| [[Colonel]]
| [[Lieutenant colonel]]
| [[Major (rank)|Major]]
|-
| '''{{air force|South Vietnam}}'''<br>{{small|(1967-1975)}}<ref name="SVietnamA2" />
| [[File:B VNAF-OF-5.svg|50px]]
| [[File:B VNAF-OF-4.svg|50px]]
| [[File:B VNAF-OF-3.svg|50px]]
|-
| Translation<ref name="SVietnamA2" />
| [[Colonel]]
| [[Lieutenant colonel]]
| [[Major (rank)|Major]]
|- style="background:#efefef;"
| Vietnamese|| {{lang|vi|Đại tá}} || {{lang|vi|Trung tá}} || {{lang|vi|Thiếu tá}}
|- style="background-color:#CCCCCC;"
! Rank group
! colspan=3|Senior officers
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Military ranks of Japan]]
[[Category:Military ranks of North Korea|Jwa]]