View source for Transport in Denmark

{{Short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2021}}
[[File:Great Belt Bridge JvdC.jpg|thumb|upright|right|The [[Great Belt Fixed Link]] connecting the islands of [[Zealand (Denmark)|Zealand]] and [[Funen]] across the [[Great Belt]] was opened in 1997]]
'''Transport in Denmark''' is developed and modern.{{clarify|date=November 2017}} The motorway network covers 1,111&nbsp;km<ref>[http://www.statistikbanken.dk/statbank5a/SelectVarVal/saveselections.asp Road network by type of road and time (2008).] Statistics Denmark. Retrieved 24 March 2009.</ref> while the railway network totals 2,667&nbsp;km of operational track.<ref>[http://www.statistikbanken.dk/statbank5a/SelectVarVal/saveselections.asp Railway network 1 January by unit, railway system and time (2008).] Statistics Denmark. Retrieved 24 March 2008.</ref> The [[Great Belt Fixed Link]] (opened in 1997) connecting the islands of [[Zealand (Denmark)|Zealand]] and [[Funen]] and the [[Little Belt Bridge (1970)|New Little Belt Bridge]] (opened in 1970) connecting Funen and [[Jutland]] greatly improved the [[traffic flow]] across the country on both motorways and rail. The two largest airports of [[Copenhagen Airport|Copenhagen]] and [[Billund Airport|Billund]] provide a variety of domestic and international connections, while ferries provide services to the [[Faroe Islands]], [[Greenland]], [[Iceland]], [[Germany]], [[Sweden]], and [[Norway]], as well as domestic routes servicing most Danish islands.

== Air ==
[[File:Aalborg Lufthavn indgang.JPG|thumb|right|Aalborg airport in the north of Jutland]] 
In 2011, a total of appr. 28 million passengers used Danish airports.<ref>[http://www.statistikbanken.dk/statbank5a/SelectVarVal/define.asp?MainTable=FLYV91&PLanguage=1&Tabstrip=&PXSId=0&SessID=52464960&FF=2&grouping4=AAR&tfrequency=4 Departing passengers from major manned, public airports by airport, type of transport and flight.] Statistics Denmark. Retrieved 25 March 2009.</ref>

[[Copenhagen Airport]] is the largest airport in [[Scandinavia]], handling approximately 29m passengers per year (2016).  It is located at [[Kastrup]], 8&nbsp;km south-east of central [[Copenhagen]]. It is connected by train to [[Copenhagen Central Station]] and beyond as well as to [[Malmö]] and other towns in [[Sweden]].

For the west of the country, the major airport is [[Billund Airport|Billund]] (3m passengers in 2016) although both [[Aalborg Airport|Aalborg]] (1.4m passengers in 2011) and [[Aarhus Airport|Aarhus]] (591.000 passengers in 2011) have smaller airports with regular connections to Copenhagen.

=== List of airports ===
{{Further|List of airports in Denmark|List of the largest airports in the Nordic countries }}

Denmark's main airports are:

* [[Copenhagen Airport]] (CPH), Scandinavia's busiest passenger airport located at Kastrup to the south-east of Copenhagen city and handling over 29 million passengers a year.
* [[Billund Airport]] (BLL), in central Jutland, one of Denmark's busiest cargo centres as well as a popular charter airline destination and an airport for regular flights serving 3 million passengers a year, mainly from the western part of the country.
* [[Aalborg Airport]] (AAL), located 5&nbsp;km northwest of [[Aalborg]], is Denmark's third busiest airport serving around 1,4 million passengers a year in connections with 25 European destinations and one of Europes busiest domestic lines to Copenhagen.
* [[Aarhus Airport]] (AAR), located 39&nbsp;km northeast of Århus, serves some 540,000 passengers a year.

Other airports include: 
* [[Karup Airport]] (KRP) near [[Viborg, Denmark|Viborg]] in the west of Jutland, mainly serving Copenhagen with some 200,000 passengers a year.
* [[Bornholm Airport]] (RNN) 5&nbsp;km from the centre of [[Rønne]] in the southwest of the island of Bornholm, with several regular flights to Copenhagen a day.
* [[Esbjerg Airport]] (EBJ), a small airport in the west of Jutland with regular flights to [[Aberdeen]] and [[Stavanger]] (although primarily serving North Sea Oilrigs).
* [[Sønderborg Airport]] (SGD), in the very south of Jutland with connections to Copenhagen.
* [[Roskilde Airport]] (RKE), 7&nbsp;km southeast of [[Roskilde]] and some 38&nbsp;km southwest of Copenhagen, serves mainly airtaxi and private business traffic.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.airportcitycodes.com/countrywisecodes.aspx|title=Countrywise Codes|website=Airportcitycodes.com|access-date=15 December 2017}}</ref>

==Sea==
Being an island state with a long coastline and always close to the sea, maritime transport has always been important in Denmark. From the primitive [[Dugout (boat)|dugouts]] of the [[Nordic Stone Age|Stone Age]] to the complex designs of the [[Viking ship]]s in the [[Viking Age]], often built to exactly facilitate large scale cargo and passenger transportation. Denmark also engaged in the large scale cargo freights and [[Atlantic slave trade|slave transports]] of the [[History of colonialism|European colonization]] endeavours in the Middle Ages and operated several smaller [[Danish colonial empire|colonies of its own]] across the globe by the means of seafaring.

Today Denmark's ports handle some 48 million passengers and 109 million tonnes of cargo per year.<ref>[http://www.statistikbanken.dk/statbank5a/SelectVarVal/Define.asp?MainTable=SKIB101&PLanguage=1&PXSId=0 Call of vessels, passengers and throughput of goods in traffic ports by seaport and unit.] Statistics Denmark. Retrieved 26 March 2009.</ref>

===Passenger traffic===
[[File:Rødbyhavn - færgehavnen.JPG|thumb|right|Rødbyhavn ferry terminal on [[Lolland]]]] 
Passenger traffic is made up partly of ferry crossings within Denmark, partly of international ferry crossings and partly of cruise ship passengers. [[HH Ferry route|Some short ferry routes]] are being [[Electric boat|electrified]]<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.cruiseandferry.net/articles/214resund-dry-docks-to-modernise-hh-ferries-vessels |title=Öresund Dry Docks to modernise HH Ferries' vessels|work=CruiseandFerry.net|access-date=1 February 2017}}</ref> and several more may be eligible,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://w3.siemens.dk/home/dk/dk/core_topics/intelligent-infrastructure/Documents/MOB_eferrystudy_1016UK_FINAL.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170911205743/http://w3.siemens.dk/home/dk/dk/core_topics/intelligent-infrastructure/Documents/MOB_eferrystudy_1016UK_FINAL.pdf |archive-date=2017-09-11 |url-status=live|title=Electrification of Denmark's ferry fleet|website=W3.siemens.dk|access-date=15 December 2017}}</ref> [[Transport in Norway#Ferries|as in Norway]].<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.tu.no/artikler/batterifergen-har-mattet-sta-over-avganger-na-er-losningen-klar/364633 |title=Batterifergen har måttet stå over avganger. Nå er løsningen klar|work=[[Teknisk Ukeblad]] |date=18 November 2016 |access-date=19 November 2016}}</ref>
{{location map many|Denmark|width=300
| label1 = [[Helsingør]] | coordinates1 = {{coord|56.036111|12.608333}}
| label2 = [[Rødbyhavn]] | coordinates2 = {{coord|54.65|11.35}} | position2 = left
| label3 = [[Frederikshavn]] | coordinates3 = {{coord|57.441|10.534}} | position3 = top
| label4 = {{lower|0.5em|{{nowrap|[[Sjællands Odde]]}}}} | coordinates4 = {{coord|55.95|11.466667}}|position4=left
| label5 = [[Esbjerg]] | coordinates5 = {{coord|55.483333|8.45}} | position5 = bottom
| label6 = [[Gedser]] | coordinates6 = {{coord|54.583333|11.933333}}
| label7 = [[Aarhus]] | coordinates7 = {{coord|56.1572|10.2107}}|position7=left
| label8 = [[Rønne]] | coordinates8 = {{coord|55.098611|14.701389}}
| label9 = [[Ebeltoft]] | coordinates9 = {{coord|56.193611|10.678056}}|position9 = top
| label10= [[Port of Copenhagen|Copenhagen]] | coordinates10 = {{coord|55.6718|12.5817}}
| caption = Map of Denmark showing the locations of the major ports
}}
Among the most important ports for passenger traffic (thousands of passengers per year in 2007) are:
* [[Helsingør]] 10,967
* [[Rødbyhavn]] 7,058
* [[Frederikshavn]] 2,894
* [[Sjællands Odde]] 2,233
* [[Esbjerg]] 1,827
* [[Gedser]] 1,612
* [[Aarhus]] 1,583
* [[Rønne]] 1,522
* [[Ebeltoft]] 962
* [[Port of Copenhagen|Copenhagen]] 872

In 2007, 288 cruise ships visited Copenhagen, rising to 376 in 2011 before returning to around 300 the following years. Around 800,000 cruise passengers and 200,000 crew visit Copenhagen each year.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.cruisemapper.com/ports/copenhagen-port-58 |title=Copenhagen (Denmark)|publisher= CruiseMapper |access-date=1 February 2017}}</ref>

===Cargo traffic===
Among the most important ports for cargo traffic (millions of tonnes per year in 2007) are:
* [[Fredericia]] 15,327
* [[Aarhus]] 12,189
* [[Port of Copenhagen|Copenhagen]] 7,379
* [[Helsingør]] 4,480
* [[Esbjerg]] 4,476
* [[Kalundborg]] 3,714
* [[Frederikshavn]] 3,200
* [[Aalborg|Aalborg Portland]] 2,999
* [[Aalborg]] 2,749
* [[Odense]] 2,616

===Waterways===
Waterways have historically and traditionally been crucial to local transportation in Denmark proper. Especially the [[Gudenå]] river-system in central Jutland, has played an important role. The waterways were navigated by wooden [[barge]]s and later on [[steamboat]]s.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kulturarv.dk/1001fortaellinger/en_GB/the-towpath-along-the-gudenaaen-river|title=The towpath along the Gudenåen River|publisher=The Heritage Agency of Denmark (Danish agency for Culture)|website=1001 stories of Denmark|access-date=4 October 2014}}</ref> A few historical steamboats are still in operation, like the [[SS Hjejlen]] from 1861 at [[Silkeborg]].

There is a 160&nbsp;km natural canal through the shallow [[Limfjorden]] in northern Jutland, linking the [[North Sea]] to the [[Kattegat]].

Many waterways has formerly been redirected and led through manmade canals in the 1900s, but mainly for agricultural purposes and not to facilitate transportation on any major scale. Several cities have manmade canals used for transportation and traffic purposes. Of special mention are the [[:Category:Canals in Copenhagen|canals of Copenhagen]] and the [[Odense Canal]], ferrying large numbers of both tourists and local citizens.<ref>[http://www.worldcanals.com/english/denmark.html World Canals - Denmark.]. Retrieved 26 March 2009.</ref>

=== Merchant marine ===
{{ external media
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| image1 =[http://ing.dk/sites/ing/files/nordsoeen.png Traffic and protected areas around Denmark] <!--from http://ing.dk/artikel/vindmoeller-oeger-behovet-havplanlaegning-175293 -->
}}
Denmark has a large merchant fleet relative to its size. In 2018, the fleet surpassed 20 million [[Gross tonnage|gt]] as the government sought to repatriate Danish-owned tonnage registered abroad, with measures including removal of the registration fee.<ref>{{cite web |title=Historic growth in Danish shipping registries continues |url=https://eng.em.dk/news/2018/juni/historic-growth-in-danish-shipping-registries-continues |website=Ministry of Industry, Business and Financial Affairs |access-date=10 March 2019}}</ref>

Denmark has created its own international register, called the [[Danish Maritime Authority|Danish International Ship register (DIS)]], open to commercial vessels only. DIS ships do not have to meet Danish manning regulations.

== Railways ==
[[File:Copenhagen-Central-Station-København-H.jpg|thumb|left|200x200px|Copenhagen Central Station with [[S-Trains]].]]
[[File:Denmark passenger and freight railway network.png|thumb|Denmark railway network]]
{{Main|Rail transport in Denmark}}
The largest railway operator in [[Denmark]] is [[Danske Statsbaner]] (DSB) — Danish State Railways. [[Arriva]] operates some routes in [[Jutland]], and several other smaller operators provide local services.

The total length of operational track is 3,476&nbsp;km standard gauge, with 1,756 km electrified.<ref name=":0">{{Citation|title=Denmark|date=2021-11-04|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/denmark/#transportation|work=The World Factbook|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|language=en|access-date=2021-11-17}}</ref>

The railway system is connected to Sweden by bridge in Copenhagen and ferry in Helsingør and Frederikshavn, by land to Germany in Padborg and ferry in Rødby and to Norway by ferry in Hirtshals.

== Roads ==
{{Main|Road traffic in Denmark}}
{{Further|Motorways in Denmark}}

The road network in 2017 totalled 74,558&nbsp;km of paved road.<ref name=":0" /> Motorways are toll-free except for the [[Great Belt Bridge]] joining [[Zealand]] and [[Funen]] and the [[Øresund Bridge]] linking Copenhagen to [[Malmö]] in Sweden.

<gallery>
Motorway map Denmark.svg|Motorways in Denmark.
</gallery>

== Cycling ==
{{Main|Cycling in Denmark}}
Bicycling in Denmark is a common and popular [[utility cycling|utilitarian]] and [[recreation]]al activity. [[Bicycle-friendly#Cycling infrastructure|Bicycling infrastructure]] is a dominant feature of both city and countryside infrastructure, with [[bicycle path]]s and [[segregated cycle facilities|bicycle ways]] in many places and an extensive network of [[national and regional bicycle routes throughout Denmark|bicycle routes]], extending more than {{convert|12000|km|mi}} nationwide.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.visitdenmark.dk/danmark/da-dk/menu/turist/inspiration/aktivferie/cykel/cykel-ruter-og-regioner.htm | title = Cykelruter og regioner | access-date = 16 August 2011 | publisher = [[VisitDenmark]] | language = da | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120315171238/http://www.visitdenmark.dk/danmark/da-dk/menu/turist/inspiration/aktivferie/cykel/cykel-ruter-og-regioner.htm | archive-date = 15 March 2012 }}</ref> In comparison, [[Denmark#Geography|Denmark's coastline]] is {{convert|7314|km|mi}}. As a unique feature, Denmark has a [[Danish bicycle VIN-system|VIN-system for bicycles]] which is mandatory by law. Often bicycling and [[bicycle culture]] in [[Denmark]] is compared to the [[cycling in the Netherlands|Netherlands as a bicycle-nation]].

<gallery>
Bikecultureincopenhagen.jpg|Bicycle rush hour in Copenhagen.
Cycle counter.jpg|Heavily trafficked roads in the inner cities, often have cycle lanes. 
Frederiksgade (Aarhus).JPG|A bike road in central Aarhus.
Egådalen.jpg|A cross country bikeway route.
</gallery>

== Pipelines ==
Figures in 2015:<ref name=":0" />
; [[Crude oil]]: 330&nbsp;km
; [[Petroleum]] products: 578&nbsp;km (2007)
; [[Natural gas]]: 1536&nbsp;km

== See also ==
* [[Denmark]]
* [[Road traffic in Denmark]]
* [[Danish Realm|Overseas constituencies]]
** [[Transport in the Faroe Islands]]
** [[Transport in Greenland]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
{{refbegin}}
*{{cite book|last1=Peter|first1=Bruce|title=Ferries of Denmark / Danske Færger|language=en, da|date=2013|publisher=Ferry Publications|location=Ramsey, Isle of Man|isbn=9781906608514}}
{{refend}}

==External links==
*[http://www.rejseplanen.dk/bin/query.exe/en? Public transportation Route Planner]
*[http://www.krak.dk/ Online Map, Address lookup]
*[http://www.cph.dk/CPH/UK/ Copenhagen Airports]
*[http://www.dsb.dk S-train and Danish train schedules]
*[http://copenhagenize.com Copenhagenize - Copenhagen Bike Culture Blog]
*[http://www.m.dk Metro information]
*[http://dk.trackmap.net/bigmap All railway tracks]
*[http://www.vejpark.kk.dk/byenstrafik/cyklernesby/uk/index.htm City of Copenhagen: City of Cyclists]
*[http://www.lkw-walter.co.uk/english/transport_denmark.htm Truck transport Denmark]

{{Denmark topics}}
{{Transportation in Europe}}

[[Category:Transport in Denmark| ]]