https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=Adolf_PortmannAdolf Portmann - Revision history2024-11-06T18:30:13ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.1https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Adolf_Portmann&diff=1250687469&oldid=prevAadirulez8: v2.05 - Fix errors for CW project (Spelling and typography)2024-10-11T22:10:39Z<p>v2.05 - Fix errors for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WCW" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:WCW">CW project</a> (Spelling and typography)</p>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Contrary to the tradition of [[Neo-Darwinism|Neo-Darwinist]] geneticists who conceive life as based on a [[Molecular biology|molecular dogma]], Portmann argued that it is futile to search for the foundations of life in internal (e.g., atomic, molecular or genetic) causes. For the Swiss zoologist, influenced by [[Jakob Johann von Uexküll|Uexküll]], the interiority of the organism is not truly accessible. Instead, Portmann emphasized the richness of meanings that are recognized on the surface of the organism, in its shape, texture, colors, and behaviors.</div></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Contrary to the tradition of [[Neo-Darwinism|Neo-Darwinist]] geneticists who conceive life as based on a [[Molecular biology|molecular dogma]], Portmann argued that it is futile to search for the foundations of life in internal (e.g., atomic, molecular or genetic) causes. For the Swiss zoologist, influenced by [[Jakob Johann von Uexküll|Uexküll]], the interiority of the organism is not truly accessible. Instead, Portmann emphasized the richness of meanings that are recognized on the surface of the organism, in its shape, texture, colors, and behaviors.</div></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The forms that make up the exterior of living things stand out to the extent that they conceal an inner dimension (''Innenwelt'') from which their [[Umwelt]] is contemplated, and eventually transformed. The exterior possesses an [[Aesthetics|aesthetic value]], while internal organs are aesthetically poor. For example, in most vertebrates, the internal organs are arranged in a less symmetrical way compared to the exterior. This is true as long as the body is opaque. Portmann provides a counterexample with certain aquatic organisms, such as [[jellyfish]] and the [[glass frog]] whose skin is translucent. The glass frog has its internal organs arragned in a more <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">symetric</del> manner compared with the rest of frog species which are opaque. </div></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The forms that make up the exterior of living things stand out to the extent that they conceal an inner dimension (''Innenwelt'') from which their [[Umwelt]] is contemplated, and eventually transformed. The exterior possesses an [[Aesthetics|aesthetic value]], while internal organs are aesthetically poor. For example, in most vertebrates, the internal organs are arranged in a less symmetrical way compared to the exterior. This is true as long as the body is opaque. Portmann provides a counterexample with certain aquatic organisms, such as [[jellyfish]] and the [[glass frog]] whose skin is translucent. The glass frog has its internal organs arragned in a more <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">symmetric</ins> manner compared with the rest of frog species which are opaque. </div></td>
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</table>Aadirulez8https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Adolf_Portmann&diff=1250668914&oldid=prevAadirulez8: v2.05 - Autofixing / Fix errors for CW project (Link equal to linktext)2024-10-11T19:50:45Z<p>v2.05 - Autofixing / Fix errors for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WCW" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:WCW">CW project</a> (Link equal to linktext)</p>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Unfolding the concept of Umwelt, initially proposed by [[Jakob Johann von Uexküll|Uexküll]], Portann made significant contributions to biosemiotic theory. Uexküll had already rebelled against the view of the organism as a mere conglomerate of mechanisms that respond to external stimuli, like a machine that dispenses soft drinks. Uexküll's notion of Umwelt, assimilated and adapted by Portmann, liberates biological thought from the constraints of [[Classical physics|classic mechanics]], giving way to the symbolic.</div></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Unfolding the concept of Umwelt, initially proposed by [[Jakob Johann von Uexküll|Uexküll]], Portann made significant contributions to biosemiotic theory. Uexküll had already rebelled against the view of the organism as a mere conglomerate of mechanisms that respond to external stimuli, like a machine that dispenses soft drinks. Uexküll's notion of Umwelt, assimilated and adapted by Portmann, liberates biological thought from the constraints of [[Classical physics|classic mechanics]], giving way to the symbolic.</div></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Unlike Uexküll, Portmann did not deny [[<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Natural selection|</del>natural selection<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">.</del>]] However, like [[Léon Croizat|León Croizat]], he observed various scenarios where natural selection is secondary, where the [[Structural functionalism|structural]] and aesthetic prevail.</div></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Unlike Uexküll, Portmann did not deny [[natural selection]]<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">.</ins> However, like [[Léon Croizat|León Croizat]], he observed various scenarios where natural selection is secondary, where the [[Structural functionalism|structural]] and aesthetic prevail.</div></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Portmann was influenced by the phenomenological atmosphere that emerged in the early twentieth century, with figures like [[Edmund Husserl]]. Uexküll's thought contributed to this [[Phenomenology (philosophy)|phenomenological]] atmosphere. For Husserl, Uexküll, and Portmann, life itself is the center of their world (Umwelt), a world that is felt and altered from within.</div></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Portmann was influenced by the phenomenological atmosphere that emerged in the early twentieth century, with figures like [[Edmund Husserl]]. Uexküll's thought contributed to this [[Phenomenology (philosophy)|phenomenological]] atmosphere. For Husserl, Uexküll, and Portmann, life itself is the center of their world (Umwelt), a world that is felt and altered from within.</div></td>
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</table>Aadirulez8https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Adolf_Portmann&diff=1246639178&oldid=prevEtotalora at 05:02, 20 September 20242024-09-20T05:02:55Z<p></p>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== Contributions to biosemiotics ==</div></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Starting and appropriating</del> the concept of Umwelt, initially proposed by [[Jakob Johann von Uexküll|Uexküll]], Portann made significant contributions to biosemiotic theory. Uexküll had already rebelled against the view of the organism as a mere conglomerate of mechanisms that respond to external stimuli, like a machine that dispenses soft drinks. Uexküll's notion of Umwelt, assimilated and adapted by Portmann, liberates biological thought from the constraints of [[Classical physics|classic mechanics]], giving way to the symbolic.</div></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Unfolding</ins> the concept of Umwelt, initially proposed by [[Jakob Johann von Uexküll|Uexküll]], Portann made significant contributions to biosemiotic theory. Uexküll had already rebelled against the view of the organism as a mere conglomerate of mechanisms that respond to external stimuli, like a machine that dispenses soft drinks. Uexküll's notion of Umwelt, assimilated and adapted by Portmann, liberates biological thought from the constraints of [[Classical physics|classic mechanics]], giving way to the symbolic.</div></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Unlike Uexküll, Portmann did not deny [[Natural selection|natural selection.]] However, like [[Léon Croizat|León Croizat]], he observed various scenarios where natural selection is secondary, where the [[Structural functionalism|structural]] and aesthetic prevail.</div></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Unlike Uexküll, Portmann did not deny [[Natural selection|natural selection.]] However, like [[Léon Croizat|León Croizat]], he observed various scenarios where natural selection is secondary, where the [[Structural functionalism|structural]] and aesthetic prevail.</div></td>
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</table>Etotalorahttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Adolf_Portmann&diff=1246147637&oldid=prevEtotalora at 05:35, 17 September 20242024-09-17T05:35:31Z<p></p>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Born in [[Basel]], [[Switzerland]], he studied [[zoology]] at the [[University of Basel]] and worked later in Geneva, Munich, Paris and Berlin, but mainly in marine biology laboratories in France ([[Banyuls-sur-Mer]], [[Roscoff]], [[Villefranche-sur-Mer]]) and Helgoland.</div></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Born in [[Basel]], [[Switzerland]], he studied [[zoology]] at the [[University of Basel]] and worked later in Geneva, Munich, Paris and Berlin, but mainly in marine biology laboratories in France ([[Banyuls-sur-Mer]], [[Roscoff]], [[Villefranche-sur-Mer]]) and Helgoland.</div></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In 1931 he became professor of zoology in [[Basel]]. His main research areas covered marine biology and comparative morphology of vertebrates. His work was often interdisciplinary comprising sociological and philosophical aspects of life of animals and humans.</div></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Portmann was known for his work in [[Mathematical and theoretical biology|theoretical biology]] and his comparative studies on [[Morphology (biology)|morphology]] and behavior. His research has influenced the field of [[biosemiotics]].<ref>Karel Kleisner. (2008). [http://web.natur.cuni.cz/filosof/images/stories/kleisner_2008_semantic_morphology.pdf ''The Semantic Morphology of Adolf Portmann: A Starting Point for the Biosemiotics of Organic Form?''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103143151/http://web.natur.cuni.cz/filosof/images/stories/kleisner_2008_semantic_morphology.pdf |date=2013-11-03 }} Biosemiotics 1. 207-219.</ref></div></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Portmann was known for his work in [[Mathematical and theoretical biology|theoretical biology]] and his comparative studies on [[Morphology (biology)|morphology]] and behavior. His research has influenced the field of [[biosemiotics]].<ref>Karel Kleisner. (2008). [http://web.natur.cuni.cz/filosof/images/stories/kleisner_2008_semantic_morphology.pdf ''The Semantic Morphology of Adolf Portmann: A Starting Point for the Biosemiotics of Organic Form?''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103143151/http://web.natur.cuni.cz/filosof/images/stories/kleisner_2008_semantic_morphology.pdf |date=2013-11-03 }} Biosemiotics 1. 207-219.</ref></div></td>
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</table>Etotalorahttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Adolf_Portmann&diff=1246106689&oldid=prevEtotalora: /* Thought */2024-09-16T22:47:56Z<p><span class="autocomment">Thought</span></p>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== Thought ==</div></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== Thought ==</div></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Portmann's thinking was influenced by the structuralist atmosphere that prevailed at the time.</div></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Portmann's thinking was influenced by the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Structuralism|</ins>structuralist<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]]</ins> atmosphere that prevailed at the time.</div></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Form'''</div></td>
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</table>Etotalorahttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Adolf_Portmann&diff=1246106654&oldid=prevEtotalora: /* Thought */2024-09-16T22:47:38Z<p><span class="autocomment">Thought</span></p>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== Thought ==</div></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== Thought ==</div></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Portmann's thinking was influenced by the structuralist atmosphere that prevailed at the time.</div></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Form'''</div></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>'''Form'''</div></td>
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</table>Etotalorahttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Adolf_Portmann&diff=1246106351&oldid=prevEtotalora: /* Contributions to biosemiotics */2024-09-16T22:44:58Z<p><span class="autocomment">Contributions to biosemiotics</span></p>
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 22:44, 16 September 2024</td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Portmann was influenced by the phenomenological atmosphere that emerged in the early twentieth century, with figures like [[Edmund Husserl]]. Uexküll's thought contributed to this [[Phenomenology (philosophy)|phenomenological]] atmosphere. For Husserl, Uexküll, and Portmann, life itself is the center of their world (Umwelt), a world that is felt and altered from within.</div></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Portmann was influenced by the phenomenological atmosphere that emerged in the early twentieth century, with figures like [[Edmund Husserl]]. Uexküll's thought contributed to this [[Phenomenology (philosophy)|phenomenological]] atmosphere. For Husserl, Uexküll, and Portmann, life itself is the center of their world (Umwelt), a world that is felt and altered from within.</div></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The idea that underlies and prevails, and that Portmann empowers, is that the objects entering the organism's Umwelt are revealed and experienced according to how the organism's perception is structured, following a certain grammar of interpretation or biosemiotics, which is universal. The organism's freedom is guaranteed by the random (irrational) combinations of symbols and their interpretations. The way the organism engages with form is a symbolic experience. Portmann, like the philosophers of phenomenology, recognized a structure of consciousness such that the organism interprets symbols, with or without the "illusion" of rationalizing them. For Husserl, [[Eduard von Hartmann|Hartman]], as well as for Portmann, (rational) objectivity is nothing more than an illusion, created from the subjectivity of the organism. Portman's approach is irrational in the sense that Harmann raises it, insofar as for the former the inner world of the organism is inaccessible.</div></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The idea that underlies and prevails, and that Portmann empowers, is that the objects entering the organism's Umwelt are revealed and experienced according to how the organism's perception is structured, following a certain grammar of interpretation or biosemiotics, which is universal. The organism's freedom is guaranteed by the random (irrational) combinations of symbols and their interpretations. The way the organism engages with form is a symbolic experience. Portmann, like the philosophers of phenomenology, recognized a structure of consciousness such that the organism interprets symbols, with or without the "illusion" of rationalizing them. For Husserl, [[Eduard von Hartmann|Hartman]], as well as for Portmann, (rational) objectivity is nothing more than an illusion, created from the subjectivity of the organism. Portman's approach is irrational in the sense that Harmann raises it, insofar as for the former the inner world of the organism is inaccessible<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"> directly</ins>.</div></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Portamann's fundamental contribution to Biosemiotics is to propose that the organism possesses an inner wealth of meanings that are not directly accessible to the scientist but are appreciated in their appearance.</div></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Portamann's fundamental contribution to Biosemiotics is to propose that the organism possesses an inner wealth of meanings that are not directly accessible to the scientist but are appreciated in their appearance.</div></td>
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</table>Etotalorahttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Adolf_Portmann&diff=1246106205&oldid=prevEtotalora: /* Contributions to biosemiotics */2024-09-16T22:43:33Z<p><span class="autocomment">Contributions to biosemiotics</span></p>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Portmann was influenced by the phenomenological atmosphere that emerged in the early twentieth century, with figures like [[Edmund Husserl]]. Uexküll's thought contributed to this [[Phenomenology (philosophy)|phenomenological]] atmosphere. For Husserl, Uexküll, and Portmann, life itself is the center of their world (Umwelt), a world that is felt and altered from within.</div></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Portmann was influenced by the phenomenological atmosphere that emerged in the early twentieth century, with figures like [[Edmund Husserl]]. Uexküll's thought contributed to this [[Phenomenology (philosophy)|phenomenological]] atmosphere. For Husserl, Uexküll, and Portmann, life itself is the center of their world (Umwelt), a world that is felt and altered from within.</div></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The idea that underlies and prevails, and that Portmann empowers, is that the objects entering the organism's Umwelt are revealed and experienced according to how the organism's perception is structured, following a certain grammar of interpretation or biosemiotics, which is universal. The organism's freedom is guaranteed by the random (irrational) combinations of symbols and their interpretations. The way the organism engages with form is a symbolic experience. Portmann, like the philosophers of phenomenology, recognized a structure of consciousness such that the organism interprets symbols, with or without the "illusion" of rationalizing them. For Husserl, [[Eduard von Hartmann|Hartman]], as well as for Portmann, (rational) objectivity is nothing more than an illusion, created from the subjectivity of the organism.</div></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The idea that underlies and prevails, and that Portmann empowers, is that the objects entering the organism's Umwelt are revealed and experienced according to how the organism's perception is structured, following a certain grammar of interpretation or biosemiotics, which is universal. The organism's freedom is guaranteed by the random (irrational) combinations of symbols and their interpretations. The way the organism engages with form is a symbolic experience. Portmann, like the philosophers of phenomenology, recognized a structure of consciousness such that the organism interprets symbols, with or without the "illusion" of rationalizing them. For Husserl, [[Eduard von Hartmann|Hartman]], as well as for Portmann, (rational) objectivity is nothing more than an illusion, created from the subjectivity of the organism<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">. Portman's approach is irrational in the sense that Harmann raises it, insofar as for the former the inner world of the organism is inaccessible</ins>.</div></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Portamann's fundamental contribution to Biosemiotics is to propose that the organism possesses an inner wealth of meanings that are not directly accessible to the scientist but are appreciated in their appearance.</div></td>
<td class="diff-marker"></td>
<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Portamann's fundamental contribution to Biosemiotics is to propose that the organism possesses an inner wealth of meanings that are not directly accessible to the scientist but are appreciated in their appearance.</div></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In his concept of organic self-representation, Portmann considered the outer surface of living organisms as an organ fulfilling a "function" (not necessarily utilitarian) in self-representation. He used this idea as a starting point to elaborate and redefine concepts that biosemiotics scholars find compatible with the theoretical framework of biosemiotics. Despite the many theories that explain aposematism, camouflage, deception, and other phenomena related to mimicry, there is still a need for a more universal theory (than Neo-Darwinism) that synthesizes the evolutionary, morphogenetic, and semiotic aspects, as seen in the self-representation of organisms and their behavior. Adolf Portmann's concept of self-representation takes a significant step in this direction.</div></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>In his concept of organic self-representation, Portmann considered the outer surface of living organisms as an organ fulfilling a "function" (not necessarily utilitarian) in self-representation. He used this idea as a starting point to elaborate and redefine concepts that biosemiotics scholars find compatible with the theoretical framework of biosemiotics. Despite the many theories that explain aposematism, camouflage, deception, and other phenomena related to mimicry, there is still a need for a more universal theory (than Neo-Darwinism) that synthesizes the evolutionary, morphogenetic, and semiotic aspects, as seen in the self-representation of organisms and their behavior. Adolf Portmann's concept of self-representation takes a significant step in this direction.</div></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>For Portmann, the semantic organ makes sense from a specific interpretation of the Umwelt of certain superficial patterns. These patterns begin to be distinguished in the course of morphogenetic processes during ontogenesis and phylogenesis. The persistence of the semantic organ is due to the act of self-representation and specific interpretation from the Umwelt. This suggests a scenario of conventions filled with meanings that allow the connection between two independent worlds, the inner world and the Umwelt.<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Natural</del> selection is not strictly necessary in this scientific approach. The role of selection, if any, is defined by the significance within the organism's Umwelt, not the other way around. Natural selection does not explain why, for example, the black-and-yellow coloration pattern persists among tigers, certain snakes, and bees, even though these species have lifestyles that are largely disconnected from each other. In all these scenarios, this coloration pattern universally signals danger, even to humans. Natural selection does not account for why this pattern persists over another, such as pink and sky blue. Nor does it explain the elegance and grace observed in the [[Bengal tiger]]. Natural selection is secondary to the phenomena that accommodate, ontogenetically and phylogenetically, living forms. In other words, natural selection, if present, is secondary to [[orthogenesis]] (sensu Croizat). Natural selection is a possible rationalization within the human Umwelt that follows the logic of survival, while orthogenesis recognizes that things are perceived by the organism as they are, within an interpretative framework structured by conventions filled with meanings, whether these are arbitrary or not. Life does not obey the logic of survival but exists as it is ("Dasein" sensu [[Martin Heidegger|Heidegger]]), despite the constraints imposed by survival. Life is a source of symbols that offer novelties due to the organism's freedom of interpretation. The semantic organ is therefore not primarily a utilitarian organ but a ''phenomenological'' organ.</div></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>For Portmann, the semantic organ makes sense from a specific interpretation of the Umwelt of certain superficial patterns. These patterns begin to be distinguished in the course of morphogenetic processes during ontogenesis and phylogenesis. The persistence of the semantic organ is due to the act of self-representation and specific interpretation from the Umwelt. This suggests a scenario of conventions filled with meanings that allow the connection between two independent worlds, the inner world and the Umwelt.<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"> Natural</ins> selection is not strictly necessary in this scientific approach. The role of selection, if any, is defined by the significance within the organism's Umwelt, not the other way around. Natural selection does not explain why, for example, the black-and-yellow coloration pattern persists among tigers, certain snakes, and bees, even though these species have lifestyles that are largely disconnected from each other. In all these scenarios, this coloration pattern universally signals danger, even to humans. Natural selection does not account for why this pattern persists over another, such as pink and sky blue. Nor does it explain the elegance and grace observed in the [[Bengal tiger]]. Natural selection is secondary to the phenomena that accommodate, ontogenetically and phylogenetically, living forms. In other words, natural selection, if present, is secondary to [[orthogenesis]] (sensu Croizat). Natural selection is a possible rationalization within the human Umwelt that follows the logic of survival, while orthogenesis recognizes that things are perceived by the organism as they are, within an interpretative framework structured by conventions filled with meanings, whether these are arbitrary or not. Life does not obey the logic of survival but exists as it is ("Dasein" sensu [[Martin Heidegger|Heidegger]]), despite the constraints imposed by survival. Life is a source of symbols that offer novelties due to the organism's freedom of interpretation. The semantic organ is therefore not primarily a utilitarian organ but a ''phenomenological'' organ.</div></td>
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</table>Etotalorahttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Adolf_Portmann&diff=1246098252&oldid=prevEtotalora: /* Contributions to biosemiotics */2024-09-16T21:43:34Z<p><span class="autocomment">Contributions to biosemiotics</span></p>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== Contributions to biosemiotics ==</div></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Starting and appropriating the concept of Umwelt, initially proposed by [[Jakob Johann von Uexküll|Uexküll]], Portann made significant contributions to biosemiotic theory. Uexküll had already rebelled against the view of the organism as a mere conglomerate of mechanisms that respond to external stimuli, like a machine that dispenses soft drinks. Uexküll's notion of Umwelt, assimilated and adapted by Portmann, liberates biological thought from the constraints of <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">the</del> <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">mechanistic</del>, giving way to the symbolic.</div></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Starting and appropriating the concept of Umwelt, initially proposed by [[Jakob Johann von Uexküll|Uexküll]], Portann made significant contributions to biosemiotic theory. Uexküll had already rebelled against the view of the organism as a mere conglomerate of mechanisms that respond to external stimuli, like a machine that dispenses soft drinks. Uexküll's notion of Umwelt, assimilated and adapted by Portmann, liberates biological thought from the constraints of <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Classical</ins> <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">physics|classic mechanics]]</ins>, giving way to the symbolic.</div></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Unlike Uexküll, Portmann did not deny [[Natural selection|natural selection.]] However, like [[Léon Croizat|León Croizat]], he observed various scenarios where natural selection is secondary, where the [[Structural functionalism|structural]] and aesthetic prevail.</div></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Unlike Uexküll, Portmann did not deny [[Natural selection|natural selection.]] However, like [[Léon Croizat|León Croizat]], he observed various scenarios where natural selection is secondary, where the [[Structural functionalism|structural]] and aesthetic prevail.</div></td>
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</table>Etotalorahttps://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Adolf_Portmann&diff=1246097761&oldid=prevEtotalora: /* Thought */2024-09-16T21:40:06Z<p><span class="autocomment">Thought</span></p>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The actual appearance is the expression of the organism's self-representation. The phenomenon itself, as [[Karel Kleisner]] calls it, shows meanings, whether or not they have an obvious destination or recipient. Even if there is no apparent repository of meaning, there may still be meaning (even if it does not possess meaning). For Portmann, life is semiotic, and meanings and senses are biologically universal.</div></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The actual appearance is the expression of the organism's self-representation. The phenomenon itself, as [[Karel Kleisner]] calls it, shows meanings, whether or not they have an obvious destination or recipient. Even if there is no apparent repository of meaning, there may still be meaning (even if it does not possess meaning). For Portmann, life is semiotic, and meanings and senses are biologically universal.</div></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>If the meaning has an obvious repository, it makes sense, and two options arise: the message is either "honest" or "dishonest." Neo-Darwinism arrived at the notions of honest and dishonest from the concept of natural selection [[Müllerian mimicry|Thus Mullerian]] and [[Batesian mimicry]] was established. However, Neo-Darwinism completely ignored the subjective<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">/evaluative</del> ([[Semiology|semiotic]]) charge of the notions of honest and dishonest, ultimately inevitable in the explanation of mimicry. For Neo-Darwinists, mimicry, is set from a genetic expression, it is a consequence of individual success or survival<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">,</del> [[The Selfish Gene|genes are selfish]]. On the other hand, for Portmann, mimicry is not necessarily a consequence (of genetic selection) but an effect of subjective, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">irrational</del> causes. Portmann's phenomenological approach moved beyond Neo-Darwinism, contributing to the construction of a new science: [[biosemiotics]].</div></td>
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<td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>If the meaning has an obvious repository, it makes sense, and two options arise: the message is either "honest" or "dishonest." Neo-Darwinism arrived at the notions of honest and dishonest from the concept of natural selection [[Müllerian mimicry|Thus Mullerian]] and [[Batesian mimicry]] was established. However, Neo-Darwinism completely ignored the subjective ([[Semiology|semiotic]]) charge of the notions of honest and dishonest, ultimately inevitable in the explanation of mimicry. For Neo-Darwinists, mimicry, is set from a genetic expression, it is a consequence of individual success or survival<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">;</ins> [[The Selfish Gene|genes are selfish]]. On the other hand, for Portmann, mimicry is not necessarily a consequence (of genetic selection) but an effect of subjective, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">motivated</ins> causes. Portmann's phenomenological approach moved beyond Neo-Darwinism, contributing to the construction of a new science: [[biosemiotics]].</div></td>
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<td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>== Contributions to biosemiotics ==</div></td>
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</table>Etotalora