Afrancesado - Revision history

Asqueladd at 15:59, 12 October 2024

2024-10-12T15:59:11Z

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	[[Category:Portuguese expatriates in France]]		[[Category:Portuguese expatriates in France]]
	[[Category:Joseph Bonaparte]]		[[Category:Joseph Bonaparte]]
			[[Category:Political terminology in Spain]]

RodRabelo7: deprecated

2024-08-15T05:25:49Z

deprecated

← Previous revision		Revision as of 05:25, 15 August 2024
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	{{short description\|Francophile in Spain and Portugal}}		{{short description\|Francophile in Spain and Portugal}}
	[[Image:Joseph-Bonaparte.jpg\|thumb\|200px\|[[Joseph Bonaparte]], King of Spain from 1808 to 1814]]		[[Image:Joseph-Bonaparte.jpg\|thumb\|200px\|[[Joseph Bonaparte]], King of Spain from 1808 to 1814]]
	'''''Afrancesado''''' ({{IPA-es\|afɾanθeˈsaðo\|lang}}, {{IPA\|pt\|ɐfɾɐ̃sɨˈzaðu\|lang}}; "[[Francophile]]" or "turned-[[French people\|French]]", lit. "Frenchified" or "French-alike") refers to the [[Spain\|Spanish]] and [[Portugal\|Portuguese]] partisan of [[Age of Enlightenment\|Enlightenment]] ideas, [[Liberalism]], or the [[French Revolution]], that supported Napoleon's occupation as a mean to implant these ideas in Spain.<ref name=":0" />		'''''Afrancesado''''' ({{IPA\|es\|afɾanθeˈsaðo\|lang}}, {{IPA\|pt\|ɐfɾɐ̃sɨˈzaðu\|lang}}; "[[Francophile]]" or "turned-[[French people\|French]]", lit. "Frenchified" or "French-alike") refers to the [[Spain\|Spanish]] and [[Portugal\|Portuguese]] partisan of [[Age of Enlightenment\|Enlightenment]] ideas, [[Liberalism]], or the [[French Revolution]], that supported Napoleon's occupation as a mean to implant these ideas in Spain.<ref name=":0" />

	In principle, ''afrancesados'' were upper-and-middle class supporters of the [[Peninsular War\|French occupation of Iberia]] ([[History of Portugal (1777–1834)#Napoleonic invasions\|Portugal]] and [[Spain under Joseph Bonaparte\|Spain]]), preferring the reforms of the "[[Enlightened absolutism\|enlightened despots]]" [[Napoleon\|Napoleon I]] and his brother [[Joseph Bonaparte]] (installed by Napoleon as King of Spain) or, as a lesser evil, preferring to avoid the consequences of outright war with the greatest military power in Europe.<ref name=":0">Joes, Anthony James. [https://books.google.com/books?id=GrtjBDO7P60C&dq=Afrancesado+Spain+war&pg=PA109 ''Guerrilla Conflict Before the Cold War'', pp. 109-110. Greenwood Publishing Group, 1996.] Google Books. Retrieved 28 January 2019.</ref>		In principle, ''afrancesados'' were upper-and-middle class supporters of the [[Peninsular War\|French occupation of Iberia]] ([[History of Portugal (1777–1834)#Napoleonic invasions\|Portugal]] and [[Spain under Joseph Bonaparte\|Spain]]), preferring the reforms of the "[[Enlightened absolutism\|enlightened despots]]" [[Napoleon\|Napoleon I]] and his brother [[Joseph Bonaparte]] (installed by Napoleon as King of Spain) or, as a lesser evil, preferring to avoid the consequences of outright war with the greatest military power in Europe.<ref name=":0">Joes, Anthony James. [https://books.google.com/books?id=GrtjBDO7P60C&dq=Afrancesado+Spain+war&pg=PA109 ''Guerrilla Conflict Before the Cold War'', pp. 109-110. Greenwood Publishing Group, 1996.] Google Books. Retrieved 28 January 2019.</ref>

RodRabelo7: deprecated

2024-08-09T06:30:43Z

deprecated

← Previous revision		Revision as of 06:30, 9 August 2024
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	{{short description\|Francophile in Spain and Portugal}}		{{short description\|Francophile in Spain and Portugal}}
	[[Image:Joseph-Bonaparte.jpg\|thumb\|200px\|[[Joseph Bonaparte]], King of Spain from 1808 to 1814]]		[[Image:Joseph-Bonaparte.jpg\|thumb\|200px\|[[Joseph Bonaparte]], King of Spain from 1808 to 1814]]
	'''''Afrancesado''''' ({{IPA-es\|afɾanθeˈsaðo\|lang}}, {{IPA-pt\|ɐfɾɐ̃sɨˈzaðu\|lang}}; "[[Francophile]]" or "turned-[[French people\|French]]", lit. "Frenchified" or "French-alike") refers to the [[Spain\|Spanish]] and [[Portugal\|Portuguese]] partisan of [[Age of Enlightenment\|Enlightenment]] ideas, [[Liberalism]], or the [[French Revolution]], that supported Napoleon's occupation as a mean to implant these ideas in Spain.<ref name=":0" />		'''''Afrancesado''''' ({{IPA-es\|afɾanθeˈsaðo\|lang}}, {{IPA\|pt\|ɐfɾɐ̃sɨˈzaðu\|lang}}; "[[Francophile]]" or "turned-[[French people\|French]]", lit. "Frenchified" or "French-alike") refers to the [[Spain\|Spanish]] and [[Portugal\|Portuguese]] partisan of [[Age of Enlightenment\|Enlightenment]] ideas, [[Liberalism]], or the [[French Revolution]], that supported Napoleon's occupation as a mean to implant these ideas in Spain.<ref name=":0" />

	In principle, ''afrancesados'' were upper-and-middle class supporters of the [[Peninsular War\|French occupation of Iberia]] ([[History of Portugal (1777–1834)#Napoleonic invasions\|Portugal]] and [[Spain under Joseph Bonaparte\|Spain]]), preferring the reforms of the "[[Enlightened absolutism\|enlightened despots]]" [[Napoleon\|Napoleon I]] and his brother [[Joseph Bonaparte]] (installed by Napoleon as King of Spain) or, as a lesser evil, preferring to avoid the consequences of outright war with the greatest military power in Europe.<ref name=":0">Joes, Anthony James. [https://books.google.com/books?id=GrtjBDO7P60C&dq=Afrancesado+Spain+war&pg=PA109 ''Guerrilla Conflict Before the Cold War'', pp. 109-110. Greenwood Publishing Group, 1996.] Google Books. Retrieved 28 January 2019.</ref>		In principle, ''afrancesados'' were upper-and-middle class supporters of the [[Peninsular War\|French occupation of Iberia]] ([[History of Portugal (1777–1834)#Napoleonic invasions\|Portugal]] and [[Spain under Joseph Bonaparte\|Spain]]), preferring the reforms of the "[[Enlightened absolutism\|enlightened despots]]" [[Napoleon\|Napoleon I]] and his brother [[Joseph Bonaparte]] (installed by Napoleon as King of Spain) or, as a lesser evil, preferring to avoid the consequences of outright war with the greatest military power in Europe.<ref name=":0">Joes, Anthony James. [https://books.google.com/books?id=GrtjBDO7P60C&dq=Afrancesado+Spain+war&pg=PA109 ''Guerrilla Conflict Before the Cold War'', pp. 109-110. Greenwood Publishing Group, 1996.] Google Books. Retrieved 28 January 2019.</ref>

Salmoonlight: removed Category:Forced migration; added Category:Forced migrations in Europe using HotCat

2024-07-08T01:28:00Z

removed Category:Forced migration; added Category:Forced migrations in Europe using HotCat

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	[[Category:Groups of the French Revolution]]		[[Category:Groups of the French Revolution]]
	[[Category:First French Empire]]		[[Category:First French Empire]]
	[[Category:Forced ~~migration~~]]		[[Category:Forced migrations in Europe]]
	[[Category:Liberalism in Portugal]]		[[Category:Liberalism in Portugal]]
	[[Category:Napoleonic Wars]]		[[Category:Napoleonic Wars]]

64.189.18.48 at 06:23, 7 July 2024

2024-07-07T06:23:25Z

← Previous revision		Revision as of 06:23, 7 July 2024
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	{{short description\|Francophile in Spain and Portugal}}		{{short description\|Francophile in Spain and Portugal}}
	[[Image:Joseph-Bonaparte.jpg\|thumb\|200px\|[[Joseph Bonaparte]], King of Spain from 1808 to 1814]]		[[Image:Joseph-Bonaparte.jpg\|thumb\|200px\|[[Joseph Bonaparte]], King of Spain from 1808 to 1814]]
	'''''Afrancesado''''' ({{IPA-es\|afɾanθeˈsaðo\|lang}}, {{IPA-pt\|ɐfɾɐ̃sɨˈzaðu\|lang}}; "[[Francophile]]" or "turned-[[French people\|French]]", lit. "Frenchified" or "French-alike") refers to the [[Spain\|Spanish]] and [[Portugal\|Portuguese]] partisan of [[Age of Enlightenment\|Enlightenment]] ideas, [[Liberalism]], or the [[French Revolution]], that supported Napoleon's occupation as a mean to implant these ideas in Spain.~~{{citation~~ ~~needed\|date~~=~~January~~ ~~2019}}~~		'''''Afrancesado''''' ({{IPA-es\|afɾanθeˈsaðo\|lang}}, {{IPA-pt\|ɐfɾɐ̃sɨˈzaðu\|lang}}; "[[Francophile]]" or "turned-[[French people\|French]]", lit. "Frenchified" or "French-alike") refers to the [[Spain\|Spanish]] and [[Portugal\|Portuguese]] partisan of [[Age of Enlightenment\|Enlightenment]] ideas, [[Liberalism]], or the [[French Revolution]], that supported Napoleon's occupation as a mean to implant these ideas in Spain.<ref name=":0" />

	In principle, ''afrancesados'' were upper-and-middle class supporters of the [[Peninsular War\|French occupation of Iberia]] ([[History of Portugal (1777–1834)#Napoleonic invasions\|Portugal]] and [[Spain under Joseph Bonaparte\|Spain]]), preferring the reforms of the "[[Enlightened absolutism\|enlightened despots]]" [[Napoleon\|Napoleon I]] and his brother [[Joseph Bonaparte]] (installed by Napoleon as King of Spain) or, as a lesser evil, preferring to avoid the consequences of outright war with the greatest military power in Europe.<ref>Joes, Anthony James. [https://books.google.com/books?id=GrtjBDO7P60C&dq=Afrancesado+Spain+war&pg=PA109 ''Guerrilla Conflict Before the Cold War'', pp. 109-110. Greenwood Publishing Group, 1996.] Google Books. Retrieved 28 January 2019.</ref>		In principle, ''afrancesados'' were upper-and-middle class supporters of the [[Peninsular War\|French occupation of Iberia]] ([[History of Portugal (1777–1834)#Napoleonic invasions\|Portugal]] and [[Spain under Joseph Bonaparte\|Spain]]), preferring the reforms of the "[[Enlightened absolutism\|enlightened despots]]" [[Napoleon\|Napoleon I]] and his brother [[Joseph Bonaparte]] (installed by Napoleon as King of Spain) or, as a lesser evil, preferring to avoid the consequences of outright war with the greatest military power in Europe.<ref name=":0">Joes, Anthony James. [https://books.google.com/books?id=GrtjBDO7P60C&dq=Afrancesado+Spain+war&pg=PA109 ''Guerrilla Conflict Before the Cold War'', pp. 109-110. Greenwood Publishing Group, 1996.] Google Books. Retrieved 28 January 2019.</ref>

	==Spain==		==Spain==

Dimadick: /* References */

2024-06-25T09:50:36Z

References

← Previous revision		Revision as of 09:50, 25 June 2024
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	[[Category:19th century in Portugal]]		[[Category:19th century in Portugal]]
	[[Category:Portuguese expatriates in France]]		[[Category:Portuguese expatriates in France]]
			[[Category:Joseph Bonaparte]]

Pol revision at 23:27, 19 June 2024

2024-06-19T23:27:08Z

← Previous revision		Revision as of 23:27, 19 June 2024
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	{{short description\|Francophile in Spain and Portugal}}		{{short description\|Francophile in Spain and Portugal}}
	[[Image:Joseph-Bonaparte.jpg\|thumb\|200px\|[[Joseph Bonaparte]], King of Spain from 1808 to 1814]]		[[Image:Joseph-Bonaparte.jpg\|thumb\|200px\|[[Joseph Bonaparte]], King of Spain from 1808 to 1814]]
	'''''Afrancesado''''' ({{IPA-es\|afɾanθeˈsaðo\|lang}}, {{IPA-pt\|ɐfɾɐ̃sɨˈzaðu\|lang}}; "[[Francophile]]" or "turned-[[French people\|French]]", lit. "Frenchified" or "French-alike") refers to the [[Spain\|Spanish]] and [[Portugal\|Portuguese]] partisan of [[Age of Enlightenment\|Enlightenment]] ideas, [[Liberalism]], or the [[French Revolution]].{{citation needed\|date=January 2019}}		'''''Afrancesado''''' ({{IPA-es\|afɾanθeˈsaðo\|lang}}, {{IPA-pt\|ɐfɾɐ̃sɨˈzaðu\|lang}}; "[[Francophile]]" or "turned-[[French people\|French]]", lit. "Frenchified" or "French-alike") refers to the [[Spain\|Spanish]] and [[Portugal\|Portuguese]] partisan of [[Age of Enlightenment\|Enlightenment]] ideas, [[Liberalism]], or the [[French Revolution]], that supported Napoleon's occupation as a mean to implant these ideas in Spain.{{citation needed\|date=January 2019}}

	In principle, ''afrancesados'' were upper-and-middle class supporters of the [[Peninsular War\|French occupation of Iberia]] ([[History of Portugal (1777–1834)#Napoleonic invasions\|Portugal]] and [[Spain under Joseph Bonaparte\|Spain]]), preferring the reforms of the "[[Enlightened absolutism\|enlightened despots]]" [[Napoleon\|Napoleon I]] and his brother [[Joseph Bonaparte]] (installed by Napoleon as King of Spain) or, as a lesser evil, preferring to avoid the consequences of outright war with the greatest military power in Europe.<ref>Joes, Anthony James. [https://books.google.com/books?id=GrtjBDO7P60C&dq=Afrancesado+Spain+war&pg=PA109 ''Guerrilla Conflict Before the Cold War'', pp. 109-110. Greenwood Publishing Group, 1996.] Google Books. Retrieved 28 January 2019.</ref>		In principle, ''afrancesados'' were upper-and-middle class supporters of the [[Peninsular War\|French occupation of Iberia]] ([[History of Portugal (1777–1834)#Napoleonic invasions\|Portugal]] and [[Spain under Joseph Bonaparte\|Spain]]), preferring the reforms of the "[[Enlightened absolutism\|enlightened despots]]" [[Napoleon\|Napoleon I]] and his brother [[Joseph Bonaparte]] (installed by Napoleon as King of Spain) or, as a lesser evil, preferring to avoid the consequences of outright war with the greatest military power in Europe.<ref>Joes, Anthony James. [https://books.google.com/books?id=GrtjBDO7P60C&dq=Afrancesado+Spain+war&pg=PA109 ''Guerrilla Conflict Before the Cold War'', pp. 109-110. Greenwood Publishing Group, 1996.] Google Books. Retrieved 28 January 2019.</ref>

EthanLK2001: Some minor changes.

2024-05-06T15:19:04Z

Some minor changes.

Show changes

Citation bot: Misc citation tidying. | Use this bot. Report bugs. | Suggested by AManWithNoPlan | #UCB_CommandLine

2023-03-17T16:10:58Z

Misc citation tidying. | Use this bot. Report bugs. | Suggested by AManWithNoPlan | #UCB_CommandLine

← Previous revision		Revision as of 16:10, 17 March 2023
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	'''''Afrancesado''''' ({{IPA-es\|afɾanθeˈsaðo\|lang}}, {{IPA-pt\|ɐfɾɐ̃sɨˈzaðu\|lang}}; "[[Francophile]]" or "turned-[[French people\|French]]", lit. "Frenchified" or "French-alike") refers to the [[Spain\|Spanish]] and [[Portugal\|Portuguese]] partisan of [[Age of Enlightenment\|Enlightenment]] ideas, [[Liberalism]] or the [[French Revolution]].{{citation needed\|date=January 2019}}		'''''Afrancesado''''' ({{IPA-es\|afɾanθeˈsaðo\|lang}}, {{IPA-pt\|ɐfɾɐ̃sɨˈzaðu\|lang}}; "[[Francophile]]" or "turned-[[French people\|French]]", lit. "Frenchified" or "French-alike") refers to the [[Spain\|Spanish]] and [[Portugal\|Portuguese]] partisan of [[Age of Enlightenment\|Enlightenment]] ideas, [[Liberalism]] or the [[French Revolution]].{{citation needed\|date=January 2019}}

	In principle, ''afrancesados'' were upper-and-middle class supporters of the [[Peninsular War\|French occupation of Iberia]] ([[History of Portugal (1777–1834)#Napoleonic invasions\|Portugal]] and [[Napoleonic Spain\|Spain]]), preferring the reforms of the "[[enlightened despots]]" [[Napoleon\|Napoleon I]] and his brother [[Joseph Bonaparte]] (installed by Napoleon as king of Spain) or, as a lesser evil, preferring to avoid the consequences of outright war with the greatest military power in Europe.<ref>Joes, Anthony James. [https://books.google.com/books?id=GrtjBDO7P60C~~&pg=PA109~~&dq=Afrancesado+Spain+war&hl=~~en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjQpbDx_pDgAhWG2OAKHdskB-sQ6AEILDAA#v=onepage&q=Afrancesado%20Spain%20war&f=false~~ ''Guerrilla Conflict Before the Cold War'', pp. 109-110. Greenwood Publishing Group, 1996.] Google Books. Retrieved 28 January 2019.</ref>		In principle, ''afrancesados'' were upper-and-middle class supporters of the [[Peninsular War\|French occupation of Iberia]] ([[History of Portugal (1777–1834)#Napoleonic invasions\|Portugal]] and [[Napoleonic Spain\|Spain]]), preferring the reforms of the "[[enlightened despots]]" [[Napoleon\|Napoleon I]] and his brother [[Joseph Bonaparte]] (installed by Napoleon as king of Spain) or, as a lesser evil, preferring to avoid the consequences of outright war with the greatest military power in Europe.<ref>Joes, Anthony James. [https://books.google.com/books?id=GrtjBDO7P60C&dq=Afrancesado+Spain+war&pg=PA109 ''Guerrilla Conflict Before the Cold War'', pp. 109-110. Greenwood Publishing Group, 1996.] Google Books. Retrieved 28 January 2019.</ref>

	==Spain==		==Spain==

Wayaguo: /* Political program */

2023-03-17T08:56:48Z

Political program

← Previous revision		Revision as of 08:56, 17 March 2023
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	Appointed king by his brother [[Napoleon I of France\|Napoleon Bonaparte]], Joseph found himself at war with the majority of his subjects. He relied on the ''afrancesados'' to enforce a project that would gradually replace tradition and [[Absolute monarchy\|absolutism]] with a system [[Leandro Fernández de Moratín]] defined as based on ''razón, la justicia y el poder'' ("[[rationalism\|reason]], justice, and power"). [[Progressivism\|Progressive]] but not entirely liberal, this political creation was soon rejected by both [[Conservatism\|conservatives]] and liberals (many liberals joined the ''[[Guerilla warfare\|guerilla]]'' against the occupation). The ''afrancesados'' were also weary of French designs: more favorable to the Revolution than of the Empire, they aimed to withdraw Spain from the [[Napoleonic Wars]], and tried in vain to prevent Napoleon's separate administration of Spanish provinces ([[Catalonia]], [[Aragon]], [[Navarre]], and [[Basque Autonomous Community\|Biscay]]) after 1809.{{Citation needed\|date=January 2019}}		Appointed king by his brother [[Napoleon I of France\|Napoleon Bonaparte]], Joseph found himself at war with the majority of his subjects. He relied on the ''afrancesados'' to enforce a project that would gradually replace tradition and [[Absolute monarchy\|absolutism]] with a system [[Leandro Fernández de Moratín]] defined as based on ''razón, la justicia y el poder'' ("[[rationalism\|reason]], justice, and power"). [[Progressivism\|Progressive]] but not entirely liberal, this political creation was soon rejected by both [[Conservatism\|conservatives]] and liberals (many liberals joined the ''[[Guerilla warfare\|guerilla]]'' against the occupation). The ''afrancesados'' were also weary of French designs: more favorable to the Revolution than of the Empire, they aimed to withdraw Spain from the [[Napoleonic Wars]], and tried in vain to prevent Napoleon's separate administration of Spanish provinces ([[Catalonia]], [[Aragon]], [[Navarre]], and [[Basque Autonomous Community\|Biscay]]) after 1809.{{Citation needed\|date=January 2019}}

	The [[Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata]] had a French viceroy at the time, [[Santiago de Liniers]]. However, his appointment took place before the Peninsular War, and France was not involved at all in it: it was instead a consequence of the [[British invasions of the Río de la Plata]], a conflict between Britain and the Spanish colonies. Napoleon and Joseph sent the Marquis of Sassenay to the zone, seeking support from Liniers to the new monarchy, but Liniers rejected it and confirmed his loyalty to the captive king Ferdinand VII.		The [[Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata]] had a French viceroy at the time, [[Santiago de Liniers]]. However, his appointment took place before the [[Peninsular War]], and France was not involved at all in it: it was instead a consequence of the [[British invasions of the Río de la Plata]], a conflict between Britain and the Spanish colonies. Napoleon and Joseph sent the Marquis of Sassenay to the zone, seeking support from Liniers to the new monarchy, but Liniers rejected it and confirmed his loyalty to the captive king Ferdinand VII.

	Later, they also attempted to negotiate with the anti-French [[Cortes of Cádiz]]{{snd}}which served as a parliamentary Regency after [[Ferdinand VII of Spain\|Ferdinand VII]] was deposed{{snd}}to maintain as much possible of Joseph's [[Bayonne Statute\|Bayonne laws of 1808]] into Ferdinand's [[Spanish Constitution of 1812\|1812 Constitution]]. Nonetheless, the Cortes voted to confiscate all assets of Joseph's court and of the ''afrancesados''.		Later, they also attempted to negotiate with the anti-French [[Cortes of Cádiz]]{{snd}}which served as a parliamentary Regency after [[Ferdinand VII of Spain\|Ferdinand VII]] was deposed{{snd}}to maintain as much possible of Joseph's [[Bayonne Statute\|Bayonne laws of 1808]] into Ferdinand's [[Spanish Constitution of 1812\|1812 Constitution]]. Nonetheless, the Cortes voted to confiscate all assets of Joseph's court and of the ''afrancesados''.

← Previous revision		Revision as of 05:25, 15 August 2024
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	{{short description\|Francophile in Spain and Portugal}}		{{short description\|Francophile in Spain and Portugal}}
	[[Image:Joseph-Bonaparte.jpg\|thumb\|200px\|[[Joseph Bonaparte]], King of Spain from 1808 to 1814]]		[[Image:Joseph-Bonaparte.jpg\|thumb\|200px\|[[Joseph Bonaparte]], King of Spain from 1808 to 1814]]
	'''''Afrancesado''''' ({{IPA-es\|afɾanθeˈsaðo\|lang}}, {{IPA\|pt\|ɐfɾɐ̃sɨˈzaðu\|lang}}; "[[Francophile]]" or "turned-[[French people\|French]]", lit. "Frenchified" or "French-alike") refers to the [[Spain\|Spanish]] and [[Portugal\|Portuguese]] partisan of [[Age of Enlightenment\|Enlightenment]] ideas, [[Liberalism]], or the [[French Revolution]], that supported Napoleon's occupation as a mean to implant these ideas in Spain.<ref name=":0" />		'''''Afrancesado''''' ({{IPA\|es\|afɾanθeˈsaðo\|lang}}, {{IPA\|pt\|ɐfɾɐ̃sɨˈzaðu\|lang}}; "[[Francophile]]" or "turned-[[French people\|French]]", lit. "Frenchified" or "French-alike") refers to the [[Spain\|Spanish]] and [[Portugal\|Portuguese]] partisan of [[Age of Enlightenment\|Enlightenment]] ideas, [[Liberalism]], or the [[French Revolution]], that supported Napoleon's occupation as a mean to implant these ideas in Spain.<ref name=":0" />

	In principle, ''afrancesados'' were upper-and-middle class supporters of the [[Peninsular War\|French occupation of Iberia]] ([[History of Portugal (1777–1834)#Napoleonic invasions\|Portugal]] and [[Spain under Joseph Bonaparte\|Spain]]), preferring the reforms of the "[[Enlightened absolutism\|enlightened despots]]" [[Napoleon\|Napoleon I]] and his brother [[Joseph Bonaparte]] (installed by Napoleon as King of Spain) or, as a lesser evil, preferring to avoid the consequences of outright war with the greatest military power in Europe.<ref name=":0">Joes, Anthony James. [https://books.google.com/books?id=GrtjBDO7P60C&dq=Afrancesado+Spain+war&pg=PA109 ''Guerrilla Conflict Before the Cold War'', pp. 109-110. Greenwood Publishing Group, 1996.] Google Books. Retrieved 28 January 2019.</ref>		In principle, ''afrancesados'' were upper-and-middle class supporters of the [[Peninsular War\|French occupation of Iberia]] ([[History of Portugal (1777–1834)#Napoleonic invasions\|Portugal]] and [[Spain under Joseph Bonaparte\|Spain]]), preferring the reforms of the "[[Enlightened absolutism\|enlightened despots]]" [[Napoleon\|Napoleon I]] and his brother [[Joseph Bonaparte]] (installed by Napoleon as King of Spain) or, as a lesser evil, preferring to avoid the consequences of outright war with the greatest military power in Europe.<ref name=":0">Joes, Anthony James. [https://books.google.com/books?id=GrtjBDO7P60C&dq=Afrancesado+Spain+war&pg=PA109 ''Guerrilla Conflict Before the Cold War'', pp. 109-110. Greenwood Publishing Group, 1996.] Google Books. Retrieved 28 January 2019.</ref>

← Previous revision		Revision as of 06:30, 9 August 2024
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	{{short description\|Francophile in Spain and Portugal}}		{{short description\|Francophile in Spain and Portugal}}
	[[Image:Joseph-Bonaparte.jpg\|thumb\|200px\|[[Joseph Bonaparte]], King of Spain from 1808 to 1814]]		[[Image:Joseph-Bonaparte.jpg\|thumb\|200px\|[[Joseph Bonaparte]], King of Spain from 1808 to 1814]]
	'''''Afrancesado''''' ({{IPA-es\|afɾanθeˈsaðo\|lang}}, {{IPA-pt\|ɐfɾɐ̃sɨˈzaðu\|lang}}; "[[Francophile]]" or "turned-[[French people\|French]]", lit. "Frenchified" or "French-alike") refers to the [[Spain\|Spanish]] and [[Portugal\|Portuguese]] partisan of [[Age of Enlightenment\|Enlightenment]] ideas, [[Liberalism]], or the [[French Revolution]], that supported Napoleon's occupation as a mean to implant these ideas in Spain.<ref name=":0" />		'''''Afrancesado''''' ({{IPA-es\|afɾanθeˈsaðo\|lang}}, {{IPA\|pt\|ɐfɾɐ̃sɨˈzaðu\|lang}}; "[[Francophile]]" or "turned-[[French people\|French]]", lit. "Frenchified" or "French-alike") refers to the [[Spain\|Spanish]] and [[Portugal\|Portuguese]] partisan of [[Age of Enlightenment\|Enlightenment]] ideas, [[Liberalism]], or the [[French Revolution]], that supported Napoleon's occupation as a mean to implant these ideas in Spain.<ref name=":0" />

	In principle, ''afrancesados'' were upper-and-middle class supporters of the [[Peninsular War\|French occupation of Iberia]] ([[History of Portugal (1777–1834)#Napoleonic invasions\|Portugal]] and [[Spain under Joseph Bonaparte\|Spain]]), preferring the reforms of the "[[Enlightened absolutism\|enlightened despots]]" [[Napoleon\|Napoleon I]] and his brother [[Joseph Bonaparte]] (installed by Napoleon as King of Spain) or, as a lesser evil, preferring to avoid the consequences of outright war with the greatest military power in Europe.<ref name=":0">Joes, Anthony James. [https://books.google.com/books?id=GrtjBDO7P60C&dq=Afrancesado+Spain+war&pg=PA109 ''Guerrilla Conflict Before the Cold War'', pp. 109-110. Greenwood Publishing Group, 1996.] Google Books. Retrieved 28 January 2019.</ref>		In principle, ''afrancesados'' were upper-and-middle class supporters of the [[Peninsular War\|French occupation of Iberia]] ([[History of Portugal (1777–1834)#Napoleonic invasions\|Portugal]] and [[Spain under Joseph Bonaparte\|Spain]]), preferring the reforms of the "[[Enlightened absolutism\|enlightened despots]]" [[Napoleon\|Napoleon I]] and his brother [[Joseph Bonaparte]] (installed by Napoleon as King of Spain) or, as a lesser evil, preferring to avoid the consequences of outright war with the greatest military power in Europe.<ref name=":0">Joes, Anthony James. [https://books.google.com/books?id=GrtjBDO7P60C&dq=Afrancesado+Spain+war&pg=PA109 ''Guerrilla Conflict Before the Cold War'', pp. 109-110. Greenwood Publishing Group, 1996.] Google Books. Retrieved 28 January 2019.</ref>

← Previous revision		Revision as of 06:23, 7 July 2024
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	{{short description\|Francophile in Spain and Portugal}}		{{short description\|Francophile in Spain and Portugal}}
	[[Image:Joseph-Bonaparte.jpg\|thumb\|200px\|[[Joseph Bonaparte]], King of Spain from 1808 to 1814]]		[[Image:Joseph-Bonaparte.jpg\|thumb\|200px\|[[Joseph Bonaparte]], King of Spain from 1808 to 1814]]
	'''''Afrancesado''''' ({{IPA-es\|afɾanθeˈsaðo\|lang}}, {{IPA-pt\|ɐfɾɐ̃sɨˈzaðu\|lang}}; "[[Francophile]]" or "turned-[[French people\|French]]", lit. "Frenchified" or "French-alike") refers to the [[Spain\|Spanish]] and [[Portugal\|Portuguese]] partisan of [[Age of Enlightenment\|Enlightenment]] ideas, [[Liberalism]], or the [[French Revolution]], that supported Napoleon's occupation as a mean to implant these ideas in Spain.~~{{citation~~ ~~needed\|date~~=~~January~~ ~~2019}}~~		'''''Afrancesado''''' ({{IPA-es\|afɾanθeˈsaðo\|lang}}, {{IPA-pt\|ɐfɾɐ̃sɨˈzaðu\|lang}}; "[[Francophile]]" or "turned-[[French people\|French]]", lit. "Frenchified" or "French-alike") refers to the [[Spain\|Spanish]] and [[Portugal\|Portuguese]] partisan of [[Age of Enlightenment\|Enlightenment]] ideas, [[Liberalism]], or the [[French Revolution]], that supported Napoleon's occupation as a mean to implant these ideas in Spain.<ref name=":0" />

	In principle, ''afrancesados'' were upper-and-middle class supporters of the [[Peninsular War\|French occupation of Iberia]] ([[History of Portugal (1777–1834)#Napoleonic invasions\|Portugal]] and [[Spain under Joseph Bonaparte\|Spain]]), preferring the reforms of the "[[Enlightened absolutism\|enlightened despots]]" [[Napoleon\|Napoleon I]] and his brother [[Joseph Bonaparte]] (installed by Napoleon as King of Spain) or, as a lesser evil, preferring to avoid the consequences of outright war with the greatest military power in Europe.<ref>Joes, Anthony James. [https://books.google.com/books?id=GrtjBDO7P60C&dq=Afrancesado+Spain+war&pg=PA109 ''Guerrilla Conflict Before the Cold War'', pp. 109-110. Greenwood Publishing Group, 1996.] Google Books. Retrieved 28 January 2019.</ref>		In principle, ''afrancesados'' were upper-and-middle class supporters of the [[Peninsular War\|French occupation of Iberia]] ([[History of Portugal (1777–1834)#Napoleonic invasions\|Portugal]] and [[Spain under Joseph Bonaparte\|Spain]]), preferring the reforms of the "[[Enlightened absolutism\|enlightened despots]]" [[Napoleon\|Napoleon I]] and his brother [[Joseph Bonaparte]] (installed by Napoleon as King of Spain) or, as a lesser evil, preferring to avoid the consequences of outright war with the greatest military power in Europe.<ref name=":0">Joes, Anthony James. [https://books.google.com/books?id=GrtjBDO7P60C&dq=Afrancesado+Spain+war&pg=PA109 ''Guerrilla Conflict Before the Cold War'', pp. 109-110. Greenwood Publishing Group, 1996.] Google Books. Retrieved 28 January 2019.</ref>

	==Spain==		==Spain==

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	{{short description\|Francophile in Spain and Portugal}}		{{short description\|Francophile in Spain and Portugal}}
	[[Image:Joseph-Bonaparte.jpg\|thumb\|200px\|[[Joseph Bonaparte]], King of Spain from 1808 to 1814]]		[[Image:Joseph-Bonaparte.jpg\|thumb\|200px\|[[Joseph Bonaparte]], King of Spain from 1808 to 1814]]
	'''''Afrancesado''''' ({{IPA-es\|afɾanθeˈsaðo\|lang}}, {{IPA-pt\|ɐfɾɐ̃sɨˈzaðu\|lang}}; "[[Francophile]]" or "turned-[[French people\|French]]", lit. "Frenchified" or "French-alike") refers to the [[Spain\|Spanish]] and [[Portugal\|Portuguese]] partisan of [[Age of Enlightenment\|Enlightenment]] ideas, [[Liberalism]], or the [[French Revolution]].{{citation needed\|date=January 2019}}		'''''Afrancesado''''' ({{IPA-es\|afɾanθeˈsaðo\|lang}}, {{IPA-pt\|ɐfɾɐ̃sɨˈzaðu\|lang}}; "[[Francophile]]" or "turned-[[French people\|French]]", lit. "Frenchified" or "French-alike") refers to the [[Spain\|Spanish]] and [[Portugal\|Portuguese]] partisan of [[Age of Enlightenment\|Enlightenment]] ideas, [[Liberalism]], or the [[French Revolution]], that supported Napoleon's occupation as a mean to implant these ideas in Spain.{{citation needed\|date=January 2019}}

	In principle, ''afrancesados'' were upper-and-middle class supporters of the [[Peninsular War\|French occupation of Iberia]] ([[History of Portugal (1777–1834)#Napoleonic invasions\|Portugal]] and [[Spain under Joseph Bonaparte\|Spain]]), preferring the reforms of the "[[Enlightened absolutism\|enlightened despots]]" [[Napoleon\|Napoleon I]] and his brother [[Joseph Bonaparte]] (installed by Napoleon as King of Spain) or, as a lesser evil, preferring to avoid the consequences of outright war with the greatest military power in Europe.<ref>Joes, Anthony James. [https://books.google.com/books?id=GrtjBDO7P60C&dq=Afrancesado+Spain+war&pg=PA109 ''Guerrilla Conflict Before the Cold War'', pp. 109-110. Greenwood Publishing Group, 1996.] Google Books. Retrieved 28 January 2019.</ref>		In principle, ''afrancesados'' were upper-and-middle class supporters of the [[Peninsular War\|French occupation of Iberia]] ([[History of Portugal (1777–1834)#Napoleonic invasions\|Portugal]] and [[Spain under Joseph Bonaparte\|Spain]]), preferring the reforms of the "[[Enlightened absolutism\|enlightened despots]]" [[Napoleon\|Napoleon I]] and his brother [[Joseph Bonaparte]] (installed by Napoleon as King of Spain) or, as a lesser evil, preferring to avoid the consequences of outright war with the greatest military power in Europe.<ref>Joes, Anthony James. [https://books.google.com/books?id=GrtjBDO7P60C&dq=Afrancesado+Spain+war&pg=PA109 ''Guerrilla Conflict Before the Cold War'', pp. 109-110. Greenwood Publishing Group, 1996.] Google Books. Retrieved 28 January 2019.</ref>