BPM 37093 - Revision history

78.149.135.163: /* In popular culture */ Rmv Abstruse Goose: Webcomic has no article, is now offline, and seems to have no notability of its own. WP:DUE

2024-08-09T20:17:08Z

In popular culture: Rmv Abstruse Goose: Webcomic has no article, is now offline, and seems to have no notability of its own. WP:DUE

← Previous revision		Revision as of 20:17, 9 August 2024
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	*In John C. Wright's science fiction novel ''Count to a Trillion'' and its sequels, V886 Centauri is called the "Diamond Star", after the crystalline carbon core. In the story of the novel, it becomes the destination of the first human interstellar journey after it is discovered that the star, a ten-decillion-carat diamond of degenerate matter, is not matter at all, but antimatter. An alien artifact called "The Monument" is found orbiting it, which increases human knowledge of mathematics immensely.		*In John C. Wright's science fiction novel ''Count to a Trillion'' and its sequels, V886 Centauri is called the "Diamond Star", after the crystalline carbon core. In the story of the novel, it becomes the destination of the first human interstellar journey after it is discovered that the star, a ten-decillion-carat diamond of degenerate matter, is not matter at all, but antimatter. An alien artifact called "The Monument" is found orbiting it, which increases human knowledge of mathematics immensely.
	*In [[Jim Jarmusch]]'s 2013 film ''[[Only Lovers Left Alive]]'', [[Tilda Swinton]]'s character Eve tells [[Tom Hiddleston]]'s character Adam about BPM 37093, describing it as a "diamond up there the size of a planet" that "emits the music of a gigantic gong".		*In [[Jim Jarmusch]]'s 2013 film ''[[Only Lovers Left Alive]]'', [[Tilda Swinton]]'s character Eve tells [[Tom Hiddleston]]'s character Adam about BPM 37093, describing it as a "diamond up there the size of a planet" that "emits the music of a gigantic gong".
	*The webcomic ''[[Abstruse Goose]]'' provides a brief fictionalized account of the discovery of the carbon core's crystalization (with the addition of some raccoons to the story), "Cosmic Backyard".<ref name="Cosmic Backyard">{{cite web\|title=Cosmic Backyard\|work=Abstruse Goose\|url=http://abstrusegoose.com/581\|access-date=2020-06-28\|archive-date=2020-07-02\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200702024130/https://abstrusegoose.com/581\|url-status=dead}}</ref>

	== See also ==		== See also ==

Hairy Dude: /* In popular culture */Abstruse Goose is dead

2024-06-05T00:22:29Z

In popular culture: Abstruse Goose is dead

← Previous revision		Revision as of 00:22, 5 June 2024
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	*In John C. Wright's science fiction novel ''Count to a Trillion'' and its sequels, V886 Centauri is called the "Diamond Star", after the crystalline carbon core. In the story of the novel, it becomes the destination of the first human interstellar journey after it is discovered that the star, a ten-decillion-carat diamond of degenerate matter, is not matter at all, but antimatter. An alien artifact called "The Monument" is found orbiting it, which increases human knowledge of mathematics immensely.		*In John C. Wright's science fiction novel ''Count to a Trillion'' and its sequels, V886 Centauri is called the "Diamond Star", after the crystalline carbon core. In the story of the novel, it becomes the destination of the first human interstellar journey after it is discovered that the star, a ten-decillion-carat diamond of degenerate matter, is not matter at all, but antimatter. An alien artifact called "The Monument" is found orbiting it, which increases human knowledge of mathematics immensely.
	*In [[Jim Jarmusch]]'s 2013 film ''[[Only Lovers Left Alive]]'', [[Tilda Swinton]]'s character Eve tells [[Tom Hiddleston]]'s character Adam about BPM 37093, describing it as a "diamond up there the size of a planet" that "emits the music of a gigantic gong".		*In [[Jim Jarmusch]]'s 2013 film ''[[Only Lovers Left Alive]]'', [[Tilda Swinton]]'s character Eve tells [[Tom Hiddleston]]'s character Adam about BPM 37093, describing it as a "diamond up there the size of a planet" that "emits the music of a gigantic gong".
	*The webcomic ''[[Abstruse Goose]]'' provides a brief fictionalized account of the discovery of the carbon core's crystalization (with the addition of some raccoons to the story), "Cosmic Backyard".<ref name="Cosmic Backyard">{{cite web\|title=Cosmic Backyard\|work=Abstruse Goose\|url=http://abstrusegoose.com/581\|access-date=2020-06-28\|archive-date=2020-07-02\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200702024130/https://abstrusegoose.com/581\|url-status=~~live~~}}</ref>		*The webcomic ''[[Abstruse Goose]]'' provides a brief fictionalized account of the discovery of the carbon core's crystalization (with the addition of some raccoons to the story), "Cosmic Backyard".<ref name="Cosmic Backyard">{{cite web\|title=Cosmic Backyard\|work=Abstruse Goose\|url=http://abstrusegoose.com/581\|access-date=2020-06-28\|archive-date=2020-07-02\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200702024130/https://abstrusegoose.com/581\|url-status=dead}}</ref>

	== See also ==		== See also ==

Hairy Dude: /* In popular culture */italics, MOS:LQ

2024-06-05T00:20:06Z

In popular culture: italics, MOS:LQ

← Previous revision		Revision as of 00:20, 5 June 2024
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	==In popular culture==		==In popular culture==
	*In John C. Wright's science fiction novel ''Count to a Trillion'' and its sequels, V886 Centauri is called the "Diamond Star", after the crystalline carbon core. In the story of the novel, it becomes the destination of the first human interstellar journey after it is discovered that the star, a ten-decillion-carat diamond of degenerate matter, is not matter at all, but antimatter. An alien artifact called "The Monument" is found orbiting it, which increases human knowledge of mathematics immensely.		*In John C. Wright's science fiction novel ''Count to a Trillion'' and its sequels, V886 Centauri is called the "Diamond Star", after the crystalline carbon core. In the story of the novel, it becomes the destination of the first human interstellar journey after it is discovered that the star, a ten-decillion-carat diamond of degenerate matter, is not matter at all, but antimatter. An alien artifact called "The Monument" is found orbiting it, which increases human knowledge of mathematics immensely.
	*In [[Jim Jarmusch]]'s 2013 film ''[[Only Lovers Left Alive]]'', [[Tilda Swinton]]'s character Eve tells [[Tom Hiddleston]]'s character Adam about BPM 37093, describing it as a "diamond up there the size of a planet" that "emits the music of a gigantic gong."		*In [[Jim Jarmusch]]'s 2013 film ''[[Only Lovers Left Alive]]'', [[Tilda Swinton]]'s character Eve tells [[Tom Hiddleston]]'s character Adam about BPM 37093, describing it as a "diamond up there the size of a planet" that "emits the music of a gigantic gong".
	*The webcomic [[Abstruse Goose]] provides a brief fictionalized account of the discovery of the carbon core's crystalization (with the addition of some raccoons to the story), "Cosmic Backyard."<ref name="Cosmic Backyard">{{cite web\|title=Cosmic Backyard\|work=Abstruse Goose\|url=http://abstrusegoose.com/581\|access-date=2020-06-28\|archive-date=2020-07-02\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200702024130/https://abstrusegoose.com/581\|url-status=live}}</ref>		*The webcomic ''[[Abstruse Goose]]'' provides a brief fictionalized account of the discovery of the carbon core's crystalization (with the addition of some raccoons to the story), "Cosmic Backyard".<ref name="Cosmic Backyard">{{cite web\|title=Cosmic Backyard\|work=Abstruse Goose\|url=http://abstrusegoose.com/581\|access-date=2020-06-28\|archive-date=2020-07-02\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200702024130/https://abstrusegoose.com/581\|url-status=live}}</ref>

	== See also ==		== See also ==

JJMC89 bot III: Moving :Category:Centaurus (constellation) to :Category:Centaurus per Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Speedy

2023-05-14T13:03:28Z

Moving Category:Centaurus (constellation) to Category:Centaurus per Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Speedy

← Previous revision		Revision as of 13:03, 14 May 2023
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	{{DEFAULTSORT:BPM 37093}}		{{DEFAULTSORT:BPM 37093}}
	[[Category:Centaurus ~~(constellation)~~]]		[[Category:Centaurus]]
	[[Category:Pulsating white dwarfs]]		[[Category:Pulsating white dwarfs]]
	[[Category:Objects with variable star designations\|Centauri, V886]]		[[Category:Objects with variable star designations\|Centauri, V886]]

SevenSpheres: Gaia DR3 astrometry

2023-05-08T22:34:59Z

Gaia DR3 astrometry

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	\| epoch = [[J2000.0]] ([[International Celestial Reference System\|ICRS]])		\| epoch = [[J2000.0]] ([[International Celestial Reference System\|ICRS]])
	\| constell = [[Centaurus (constellation)\|Centaurus]]		\| constell = [[Centaurus (constellation)\|Centaurus]]
	\| ra = {{RA\|12\|38\|49.93}}<ref name="~~simbad~~"~~>{{cite simbad\|title=WG 22\|access-date=April 1, 2008}}<~~/~~ref~~>		\| ra = {{RA\|12\|38\|49.78112}}<ref name="GaiaDR3"/>
	\| dec = {{DEC\|-49\|48\|01.2}}<ref name="~~simbad~~"/>		\| dec = {{DEC\|-49\|48\|00.2195}}<ref name="GaiaDR3"/>
	\| appmag_v = 14.0<ref name="simbad"/>		\| appmag_v = 14.0<ref name="simbad"/>
	}}		}}
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	{{Starbox astrometry		{{Starbox astrometry
	\| radial_v = −12<ref name=villanovar4/>		\| radial_v = −12<ref name=villanovar4/>
	\| ~~parallax~~ = 61.0		\| prop_mo_ra = -557.111
	\| ~~p_error~~ = 9.4		\| prop_mo_dec = -74.036
			\| pm_footnote = <ref name="GaiaDR3"/>
⚫	~~\| parallax_footnote =~~ <ref name="bergeron">Photometric and Spectroscopic Analysis of Cool White Dwarfs with Trigonometric Parallax Measurements, P. Bergeron, S. K. Leggett, María Teresa Ruiz, ''Astrophysical Journal Supplement'' '''133''', #2 (April 2001), pp. 413–449. {{bibcode\|2001ApJS..133..413B}}</ref>
			\| parallax = 67.4058
			\| p_error = 0.0186
			\| parallax_footnote = <ref name="GaiaDR3"/>
	}}		}}
	{{Starbox detail		{{Starbox detail
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	{{Starbox end}}		{{Starbox end}}

	'''BPM 37093''' ('''V886 Centauri''') is a [[variable star\|variable]] [[white dwarf]] [[star]] of the DAV, or [[Pulsating white dwarf\|ZZ Ceti]], type, with a [[hydrogen]] atmosphere and an unusually high mass of approximately 1.1 times the [[Sun]]'s. It is ~~about~~ {{convert\|50\|ly\|pc\|lk=on\|abbr=off}} from Earth in the constellation [[Centaurus]] and vibrates; these pulsations cause its [[luminosity]] to [[variable star\|vary]].<ref name="simbad"/><ref name="arxiv04"/> Like other white dwarfs, BPM 37093 is thought to be composed primarily of carbon and oxygen, which are created by [[thermonuclear]] fusion of [[helium]] nuclei in the [[triple-alpha process]].<ref name="rln">[http://spiff.rit.edu/classes/phys230/lectures/planneb/planneb.html Late stages of evolution for low-mass stars] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200611225040/http://spiff.rit.edu/classes/phys230/lectures/planneb/planneb.html \|date=2020-06-11 }}, Michael Richmond, lecture notes, Physics 230, [[Rochester Institute of Technology]], accessed online May 3, 2007.</ref>		'''BPM 37093''' ('''V886 Centauri''') is a [[variable star\|variable]] [[white dwarf]] [[star]] of the DAV, or [[Pulsating white dwarf\|ZZ Ceti]], type, with a [[hydrogen]] atmosphere and an unusually high mass of approximately 1.1 times the [[Sun]]'s. It is {{convert\|48\|ly\|pc\|lk=on\|abbr=off}} from Earth in the constellation [[Centaurus]] and vibrates; these pulsations cause its [[luminosity]] to [[variable star\|vary]].<ref name="simbad"/><ref name="arxiv04"/> Like other white dwarfs, BPM 37093 is thought to be composed primarily of carbon and oxygen, which are created by [[thermonuclear]] fusion of [[helium]] nuclei in the [[triple-alpha process]].<ref name="rln">[http://spiff.rit.edu/classes/phys230/lectures/planneb/planneb.html Late stages of evolution for low-mass stars] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200611225040/http://spiff.rit.edu/classes/phys230/lectures/planneb/planneb.html \|date=2020-06-11 }}, Michael Richmond, lecture notes, Physics 230, [[Rochester Institute of Technology]], accessed online May 3, 2007.</ref>

	==Structure==		==Structure==
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	== References ==		== References ==
	{{Reflist\|refs=		{{Reflist\|refs=

			<ref name="simbad">{{cite simbad\|title=WG 22\|access-date=April 1, 2008}}</ref>

			<ref name="GaiaDR3">{{Cite Gaia DR3\|6127333286605955072}}</ref>

		⚫	<ref name="bergeron">Photometric and Spectroscopic Analysis of Cool White Dwarfs with Trigonometric Parallax Measurements, P. Bergeron, S. K. Leggett, María Teresa Ruiz, ''Astrophysical Journal Supplement'' '''133''', #2 (April 2001), pp. 413–449. {{bibcode\|2001ApJS..133..413B}}</ref>

	<ref name="Kanaan">{{cite journal \|last1=Kanaan \|first1=A. \|last2=Kepler \|first2=S. O. \|last3=Giovannini \|first3=O. \|last4=Diaz \|first4=M. \|title=The Discovery of a New DAV Star Using IUE Temperature Determination \|journal=The Astrophysical Journal \|date=10 March 1992 \|volume=390 \|pages=L89–L91 \|doi=10.1086/186379 \|bibcode=1992ApJ...390L..89K \|hdl=10183/108720 \|url=https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1992ApJ...390L..89K \|access-date=4 December 2021 \|archive-date=4 December 2021 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211204060650/https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1992ApJ...390L..89K \|url-status=live }}</ref>		<ref name="Kanaan">{{cite journal \|last1=Kanaan \|first1=A. \|last2=Kepler \|first2=S. O. \|last3=Giovannini \|first3=O. \|last4=Diaz \|first4=M. \|title=The Discovery of a New DAV Star Using IUE Temperature Determination \|journal=The Astrophysical Journal \|date=10 March 1992 \|volume=390 \|pages=L89–L91 \|doi=10.1086/186379 \|bibcode=1992ApJ...390L..89K \|hdl=10183/108720 \|url=https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1992ApJ...390L..89K \|access-date=4 December 2021 \|archive-date=4 December 2021 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211204060650/https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1992ApJ...390L..89K \|url-status=live }}</ref>

Citation bot: Alter: template type, pages. Add: hdl, bibcode, date. Formatted dashes. | Use this bot. Report bugs. | Suggested by Whoop whoop pull up | #UCB_webform 642/3455

2023-02-23T23:29:28Z

Alter: template type, pages. Add: hdl, bibcode, date. Formatted dashes. | Use this bot. Report bugs. | Suggested by Whoop whoop pull up | #UCB_webform 642/3455

← Previous revision		Revision as of 23:29, 23 February 2023
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	==Structure==		==Structure==
	In the 1960s, it was predicted that as a white dwarf cools, its material should [[Crystallization\|crystallize]], starting at the center.<ref name="metcalfe1">Testing White Dwarf Crystallization Theory with Asteroseismology of the Massive Pulsating DA Star BPM 37093, T. S. Metcalfe, M. H. Montgomery, and A. Kanaan, ''Astrophysical Journal'' '''605''', #2 (April 2004), pp. L133–L136. {{bibcode\|2004ApJ...605L.133M}}</ref> When a star pulsates, observing its pulsations gives information about its structure. BPM 37093 was first observed to be a pulsating variable in 1992,<ref name="Kanaan"/> and in 1995 it was pointed out that this yielded a potential test of the crystallization theory.<ref>The Status of White Dwarf Asteroseismology and a Glimpse of the Road Ahead, D. E. Winget, ''Baltic Astronomy'' '''4''' (1995), pp. 129–136. {{bibcode\|1995BaltA...4..129W}}</ref> In 2004, Antonio Kanaan and a team of researchers of the [[Whole Earth Blazar Telescope\|Whole Earth Telescope]] estimated, on the basis of these [[asteroseismology\|asteroseismological]] observations, that approximately 90% of the mass of BPM 37093 had crystallized.<ref name="arxiv04">Whole Earth Telescope observations of BPM 37093: a seismological test of crystallization theory in white dwarfs, A. Kanaan, A. Nitta, D. E. Winget, S. O. Kepler, M. H. Montgomery, T. S. Metcalfe, et al., ''Astronomy and Astrophysics'' '''432''', #1 (March 2005), pp. 219–224. {{bibcode\|2005A&A...432..219K}} {{doi\|10.1051/0004-6361:20041125}}.</ref><ref name="metcalfe1"/><ref name="lucy">{{Cite ~~web~~ \|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/3492919.stm \|title=BBC News: Diamond star thrills astronomers \|access-date=2007-02-26 \|archive-date=2007-02-05 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070205114340/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/3492919.stm \|url-status=live }}</ref><ref>[http://www.cfa.harvard.edu/news/archive/pr0407.html Press release] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131225085246/http://www.cfa.harvard.edu/news/archive/pr0407.html \|date=2013-12-25 }}, 2004, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics.</ref> Other work gives a crystallized mass fraction of between 32% and 82%.<ref name="Brassard">P. Brassard, G. Fontaine, Asteroseismology of the Crystallized ZZ Ceti Star BPM 37093: A Different View, ''Astrophysical Journal'' '''622''', #1, pp. 572–576. {{bibcode\|2005ApJ...622..572B}}</ref> Any of these estimates would result in a total crystalline mass in excess of 5{{e\|29}} kilograms. As the white dwarf has a radius of {{convert\|2500\|mi\|order=flip}}, this means that the core of BPM 37093, nicknamed ''Lucy'', is likely one of the largest diamonds in the local region of the universe.<ref>{{cite news\|title=This Valentine's Day, Give The Woman Who Has Everything The Galaxy's Largest Diamond\|url=http://cfa-www.harvard.edu/press/archive/pr0407.html\|publisher=Center for Astrophysics\|access-date=May 5, 2009\|archive-date=July 6, 2008\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080706070956/http://cfa-www.harvard.edu/press/archive/pr0407.html\|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="most expensive star">{{cite web\|url=https://futurism.com/lucy-in-the-sky-with-diamonds\|title=Lucy's in the Sky with Diamonds: Meet the Most Expensive Star Ever Found\|publisher=Futurism\|date=12 June 2014\|access-date=20 May 2019\|archive-date=11 December 2019\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211134011/https://futurism.com/lucy-in-the-sky-with-diamonds\|url-status=live}}</ref>		In the 1960s, it was predicted that as a white dwarf cools, its material should [[Crystallization\|crystallize]], starting at the center.<ref name="metcalfe1">Testing White Dwarf Crystallization Theory with Asteroseismology of the Massive Pulsating DA Star BPM 37093, T. S. Metcalfe, M. H. Montgomery, and A. Kanaan, ''Astrophysical Journal'' '''605''', #2 (April 2004), pp. L133–L136. {{bibcode\|2004ApJ...605L.133M}}</ref> When a star pulsates, observing its pulsations gives information about its structure. BPM 37093 was first observed to be a pulsating variable in 1992,<ref name="Kanaan"/> and in 1995 it was pointed out that this yielded a potential test of the crystallization theory.<ref>The Status of White Dwarf Asteroseismology and a Glimpse of the Road Ahead, D. E. Winget, ''Baltic Astronomy'' '''4''' (1995), pp. 129–136. {{bibcode\|1995BaltA...4..129W}}</ref> In 2004, Antonio Kanaan and a team of researchers of the [[Whole Earth Blazar Telescope\|Whole Earth Telescope]] estimated, on the basis of these [[asteroseismology\|asteroseismological]] observations, that approximately 90% of the mass of BPM 37093 had crystallized.<ref name="arxiv04">Whole Earth Telescope observations of BPM 37093: a seismological test of crystallization theory in white dwarfs, A. Kanaan, A. Nitta, D. E. Winget, S. O. Kepler, M. H. Montgomery, T. S. Metcalfe, et al., ''Astronomy and Astrophysics'' '''432''', #1 (March 2005), pp. 219–224. {{bibcode\|2005A&A...432..219K}} {{doi\|10.1051/0004-6361:20041125}}.</ref><ref name="metcalfe1"/><ref name="lucy">{{Cite news \|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/3492919.stm \|title=BBC News: Diamond star thrills astronomers \|date=16 February 2004 \|access-date=2007-02-26 \|archive-date=2007-02-05 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070205114340/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/3492919.stm \|url-status=live }}</ref><ref>[http://www.cfa.harvard.edu/news/archive/pr0407.html Press release] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131225085246/http://www.cfa.harvard.edu/news/archive/pr0407.html \|date=2013-12-25 }}, 2004, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics.</ref> Other work gives a crystallized mass fraction of between 32% and 82%.<ref name="Brassard">P. Brassard, G. Fontaine, Asteroseismology of the Crystallized ZZ Ceti Star BPM 37093: A Different View, ''Astrophysical Journal'' '''622''', #1, pp. 572–576. {{bibcode\|2005ApJ...622..572B}}</ref> Any of these estimates would result in a total crystalline mass in excess of 5{{e\|29}} kilograms. As the white dwarf has a radius of {{convert\|2500\|mi\|order=flip}}, this means that the core of BPM 37093, nicknamed ''Lucy'', is likely one of the largest diamonds in the local region of the universe.<ref>{{cite news\|title=This Valentine's Day, Give The Woman Who Has Everything The Galaxy's Largest Diamond\|url=http://cfa-www.harvard.edu/press/archive/pr0407.html\|publisher=Center for Astrophysics\|access-date=May 5, 2009\|archive-date=July 6, 2008\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080706070956/http://cfa-www.harvard.edu/press/archive/pr0407.html\|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="most expensive star">{{cite web\|url=https://futurism.com/lucy-in-the-sky-with-diamonds\|title=Lucy's in the Sky with Diamonds: Meet the Most Expensive Star Ever Found\|publisher=Futurism\|date=12 June 2014\|access-date=20 May 2019\|archive-date=11 December 2019\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211134011/https://futurism.com/lucy-in-the-sky-with-diamonds\|url-status=live}}</ref>

	[[Image:Lattice body centered cubic.svg\|thumb\|left\|150px\|Body-centered cubic lattice]]		[[Image:Lattice body centered cubic.svg\|thumb\|left\|150px\|Body-centered cubic lattice]]
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	{{Reflist\|refs=		{{Reflist\|refs=

	<ref name="Kanaan">{{cite journal \|last1=Kanaan \|first1=A. \|last2=Kepler \|first2=S. O. \|last3=Giovannini \|first3=O. \|last4=Diaz \|first4=M. \|title=The Discovery of a New DAV Star Using IUE Temperature Determination \|journal=The Astrophysical Journal \|date=10 March 1992 \|volume=390 \|pages=~~L89-L91~~ \|doi=10.1086/186379 \|url=https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1992ApJ...390L..89K \|access-date=4 December 2021 \|archive-date=4 December 2021 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211204060650/https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1992ApJ...390L..89K \|url-status=live }}</ref>		<ref name="Kanaan">{{cite journal \|last1=Kanaan \|first1=A. \|last2=Kepler \|first2=S. O. \|last3=Giovannini \|first3=O. \|last4=Diaz \|first4=M. \|title=The Discovery of a New DAV Star Using IUE Temperature Determination \|journal=The Astrophysical Journal \|date=10 March 1992 \|volume=390 \|pages=L89–L91 \|doi=10.1086/186379 \|bibcode=1992ApJ...390L..89K \|hdl=10183/108720 \|url=https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1992ApJ...390L..89K \|access-date=4 December 2021 \|archive-date=4 December 2021 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211204060650/https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1992ApJ...390L..89K \|url-status=live }}</ref>

	}}		}}

CrafterNova: Rescuing 9 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.8.7

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Rescuing 9 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.8.7

← Previous revision		Revision as of 14:07, 19 April 2022
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	}}		}}
	{{Starbox character		{{Starbox character
	\| class = DAV4.4<ref name="villanovar4">[http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ApJS..121....1M A Catalog of Spectroscopically Identified White Dwarfs], George P. McCook and Edward M. Sion, ''Astrophysical Journal Supplement'' '''121''', #1 (March 1999), pp. 1–130. [[Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg\|CDS]] ID [http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/Cat?III/210 III/210].</ref>		\| class = DAV4.4<ref name="villanovar4">[http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ApJS..121....1M A Catalog of Spectroscopically Identified White Dwarfs] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180808124918/http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999ApJS..121....1M \|date=2018-08-08 }}, George P. McCook and Edward M. Sion, ''Astrophysical Journal Supplement'' '''121''', #1 (March 1999), pp. 1–130. [[Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg\|CDS]] ID [http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/Cat?III/210 III/210] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131022231157/http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/Cat?III%2F210 \|date=2013-10-22 }}.</ref>
	\| variable = DAV (ZZ Ceti)<ref name="villanovar4"/>		\| variable = DAV (ZZ Ceti)<ref name="villanovar4"/>
	}}		}}
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	{{Starbox end}}		{{Starbox end}}

	'''BPM 37093''' ('''V886 Centauri''') is a [[variable star\|variable]] [[white dwarf]] [[star]] of the DAV, or [[Pulsating white dwarf\|ZZ Ceti]], type, with a [[hydrogen]] atmosphere and an unusually high mass of approximately 1.1 times the [[Sun]]'s. It is about {{convert\|50\|ly\|pc\|lk=on\|abbr=off}} from Earth in the constellation [[Centaurus]] and vibrates; these pulsations cause its [[luminosity]] to [[variable star\|vary]].<ref name="simbad"/><ref name="arxiv04"/> Like other white dwarfs, BPM 37093 is thought to be composed primarily of carbon and oxygen, which are created by [[thermonuclear]] fusion of [[helium]] nuclei in the [[triple-alpha process]].<ref name="rln">[http://spiff.rit.edu/classes/phys230/lectures/planneb/planneb.html Late stages of evolution for low-mass stars], Michael Richmond, lecture notes, Physics 230, [[Rochester Institute of Technology]], accessed online May 3, 2007.</ref>		'''BPM 37093''' ('''V886 Centauri''') is a [[variable star\|variable]] [[white dwarf]] [[star]] of the DAV, or [[Pulsating white dwarf\|ZZ Ceti]], type, with a [[hydrogen]] atmosphere and an unusually high mass of approximately 1.1 times the [[Sun]]'s. It is about {{convert\|50\|ly\|pc\|lk=on\|abbr=off}} from Earth in the constellation [[Centaurus]] and vibrates; these pulsations cause its [[luminosity]] to [[variable star\|vary]].<ref name="simbad"/><ref name="arxiv04"/> Like other white dwarfs, BPM 37093 is thought to be composed primarily of carbon and oxygen, which are created by [[thermonuclear]] fusion of [[helium]] nuclei in the [[triple-alpha process]].<ref name="rln">[http://spiff.rit.edu/classes/phys230/lectures/planneb/planneb.html Late stages of evolution for low-mass stars] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200611225040/http://spiff.rit.edu/classes/phys230/lectures/planneb/planneb.html \|date=2020-06-11 }}, Michael Richmond, lecture notes, Physics 230, [[Rochester Institute of Technology]], accessed online May 3, 2007.</ref>

	==Structure==		==Structure==
	In the 1960s, it was predicted that as a white dwarf cools, its material should [[Crystallization\|crystallize]], starting at the center.<ref name="metcalfe1">Testing White Dwarf Crystallization Theory with Asteroseismology of the Massive Pulsating DA Star BPM 37093, T. S. Metcalfe, M. H. Montgomery, and A. Kanaan, ''Astrophysical Journal'' '''605''', #2 (April 2004), pp. L133–L136. {{bibcode\|2004ApJ...605L.133M}}</ref> When a star pulsates, observing its pulsations gives information about its structure. BPM 37093 was first observed to be a pulsating variable in 1992,<ref name="Kanaan"/> and in 1995 it was pointed out that this yielded a potential test of the crystallization theory.<ref>The Status of White Dwarf Asteroseismology and a Glimpse of the Road Ahead, D. E. Winget, ''Baltic Astronomy'' '''4''' (1995), pp. 129–136. {{bibcode\|1995BaltA...4..129W}}</ref> In 2004, Antonio Kanaan and a team of researchers of the [[Whole Earth Blazar Telescope\|Whole Earth Telescope]] estimated, on the basis of these [[asteroseismology\|asteroseismological]] observations, that approximately 90% of the mass of BPM 37093 had crystallized.<ref name="arxiv04">Whole Earth Telescope observations of BPM 37093: a seismological test of crystallization theory in white dwarfs, A. Kanaan, A. Nitta, D. E. Winget, S. O. Kepler, M. H. Montgomery, T. S. Metcalfe, et al., ''Astronomy and Astrophysics'' '''432''', #1 (March 2005), pp. 219–224. {{bibcode\|2005A&A...432..219K}} {{doi\|10.1051/0004-6361:20041125}}.</ref><ref name="metcalfe1"/><ref name="lucy">[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/3492919.stm BBC News: Diamond star thrills astronomers]</ref><ref>[http://www.cfa.harvard.edu/news/archive/pr0407.html Press release], 2004, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics.</ref> Other work gives a crystallized mass fraction of between 32% and 82%.<ref name="Brassard">P. Brassard, G. Fontaine, Asteroseismology of the Crystallized ZZ Ceti Star BPM 37093: A Different View, ''Astrophysical Journal'' '''622''', #1, pp. 572–576. {{bibcode\|2005ApJ...622..572B}}</ref> Any of these estimates would result in a total crystalline mass in excess of 5{{e\|29}} kilograms. As the white dwarf has a radius of {{convert\|2500\|mi\|order=flip}}, this means that the core of BPM 37093, nicknamed ''Lucy'', is likely one of the largest diamonds in the local region of the universe.<ref>{{cite news\|title=This Valentine's Day, Give The Woman Who Has Everything The Galaxy's Largest Diamond\|url=http://cfa-www.harvard.edu/press/archive/pr0407.html\|publisher=Center for Astrophysics\|access-date=May 5, 2009		In the 1960s, it was predicted that as a white dwarf cools, its material should [[Crystallization\|crystallize]], starting at the center.<ref name="metcalfe1">Testing White Dwarf Crystallization Theory with Asteroseismology of the Massive Pulsating DA Star BPM 37093, T. S. Metcalfe, M. H. Montgomery, and A. Kanaan, ''Astrophysical Journal'' '''605''', #2 (April 2004), pp. L133–L136. {{bibcode\|2004ApJ...605L.133M}}</ref> When a star pulsates, observing its pulsations gives information about its structure. BPM 37093 was first observed to be a pulsating variable in 1992,<ref name="Kanaan"/> and in 1995 it was pointed out that this yielded a potential test of the crystallization theory.<ref>The Status of White Dwarf Asteroseismology and a Glimpse of the Road Ahead, D. E. Winget, ''Baltic Astronomy'' '''4''' (1995), pp. 129–136. {{bibcode\|1995BaltA...4..129W}}</ref> In 2004, Antonio Kanaan and a team of researchers of the [[Whole Earth Blazar Telescope\|Whole Earth Telescope]] estimated, on the basis of these [[asteroseismology\|asteroseismological]] observations, that approximately 90% of the mass of BPM 37093 had crystallized.<ref name="arxiv04">Whole Earth Telescope observations of BPM 37093: a seismological test of crystallization theory in white dwarfs, A. Kanaan, A. Nitta, D. E. Winget, S. O. Kepler, M. H. Montgomery, T. S. Metcalfe, et al., ''Astronomy and Astrophysics'' '''432''', #1 (March 2005), pp. 219–224. {{bibcode\|2005A&A...432..219K}} {{doi\|10.1051/0004-6361:20041125}}.</ref><ref name="metcalfe1"/><ref name="lucy">{{Cite web \|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/3492919.stm \|title=BBC News: Diamond star thrills astronomers \|access-date=2007-02-26 \|archive-date=2007-02-05 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070205114340/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/3492919.stm \|url-status=live }}</ref><ref>[http://www.cfa.harvard.edu/news/archive/pr0407.html Press release] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131225085246/http://www.cfa.harvard.edu/news/archive/pr0407.html \|date=2013-12-25 }}, 2004, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics.</ref> Other work gives a crystallized mass fraction of between 32% and 82%.<ref name="Brassard">P. Brassard, G. Fontaine, Asteroseismology of the Crystallized ZZ Ceti Star BPM 37093: A Different View, ''Astrophysical Journal'' '''622''', #1, pp. 572–576. {{bibcode\|2005ApJ...622..572B}}</ref> Any of these estimates would result in a total crystalline mass in excess of 5{{e\|29}} kilograms. As the white dwarf has a radius of {{convert\|2500\|mi\|order=flip}}, this means that the core of BPM 37093, nicknamed ''Lucy'', is likely one of the largest diamonds in the local region of the universe.<ref>{{cite news\|title=This Valentine's Day, Give The Woman Who Has Everything The Galaxy's Largest Diamond\|url=http://cfa-www.harvard.edu/press/archive/pr0407.html\|publisher=Center for Astrophysics\|access-date=May 5, 2009\|archive-date=July 6, 2008\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080706070956/http://cfa-www.harvard.edu/press/archive/pr0407.html\|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="most expensive star">{{cite web\|url=https://futurism.com/lucy-in-the-sky-with-diamonds\|title=Lucy's in the Sky with Diamonds: Meet the Most Expensive Star Ever Found\|publisher=Futurism\|date=12 June 2014\|access-date=20 May 2019\|archive-date=11 December 2019\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211134011/https://futurism.com/lucy-in-the-sky-with-diamonds\|url-status=live}}</ref>
	}}</ref><ref name="most expensive star">{{cite web\|url=https://futurism.com/lucy-in-the-sky-with-diamonds\|title=Lucy's in the Sky with Diamonds: Meet the Most Expensive Star Ever Found\|publisher=Futurism\|date=12 June 2014\|access-date=20 May 2019}}</ref>

	[[Image:Lattice body centered cubic.svg\|thumb\|left\|150px\|Body-centered cubic lattice]]		[[Image:Lattice body centered cubic.svg\|thumb\|left\|150px\|Body-centered cubic lattice]]
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	*In John C. Wright's science fiction novel ''Count to a Trillion'' and its sequels, V886 Centauri is called the "Diamond Star", after the crystalline carbon core. In the story of the novel, it becomes the destination of the first human interstellar journey after it is discovered that the star, a ten-decillion-carat diamond of degenerate matter, is not matter at all, but antimatter. An alien artifact called "The Monument" is found orbiting it, which increases human knowledge of mathematics immensely.		*In John C. Wright's science fiction novel ''Count to a Trillion'' and its sequels, V886 Centauri is called the "Diamond Star", after the crystalline carbon core. In the story of the novel, it becomes the destination of the first human interstellar journey after it is discovered that the star, a ten-decillion-carat diamond of degenerate matter, is not matter at all, but antimatter. An alien artifact called "The Monument" is found orbiting it, which increases human knowledge of mathematics immensely.
	*In [[Jim Jarmusch]]'s 2013 film ''[[Only Lovers Left Alive]]'', [[Tilda Swinton]]'s character Eve tells [[Tom Hiddleston]]'s character Adam about BPM 37093, describing it as a "diamond up there the size of a planet" that "emits the music of a gigantic gong."		*In [[Jim Jarmusch]]'s 2013 film ''[[Only Lovers Left Alive]]'', [[Tilda Swinton]]'s character Eve tells [[Tom Hiddleston]]'s character Adam about BPM 37093, describing it as a "diamond up there the size of a planet" that "emits the music of a gigantic gong."
	*The webcomic [[Abstruse Goose]] provides a brief fictionalized account of the discovery of the carbon core's crystalization (with the addition of some raccoons to the story), "Cosmic Backyard."<ref name="Cosmic Backyard">{{cite web\|title=Cosmic Backyard\|work=Abstruse Goose\|url=http://abstrusegoose.com/581\|access-date=2020-06-28}}</ref>		*The webcomic [[Abstruse Goose]] provides a brief fictionalized account of the discovery of the carbon core's crystalization (with the addition of some raccoons to the story), "Cosmic Backyard."<ref name="Cosmic Backyard">{{cite web\|title=Cosmic Backyard\|work=Abstruse Goose\|url=http://abstrusegoose.com/581\|access-date=2020-06-28\|archive-date=2020-07-02\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200702024130/https://abstrusegoose.com/581\|url-status=live}}</ref>

	== See also ==		== See also ==
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	{{Reflist\|refs=		{{Reflist\|refs=

	<ref name="Kanaan">{{cite journal \|last1=Kanaan \|first1=A. \|last2=Kepler \|first2=S. O. \|last3=Giovannini \|first3=O. \|last4=Diaz \|first4=M. \|title=The Discovery of a New DAV Star Using IUE Temperature Determination \|journal=The Astrophysical Journal \|date=10 March 1992 \|volume=390 \|pages=L89-L91 \|doi=10.1086/186379 \|url=https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1992ApJ...390L..89K \|access-date=4 December 2021}}</ref>		<ref name="Kanaan">{{cite journal \|last1=Kanaan \|first1=A. \|last2=Kepler \|first2=S. O. \|last3=Giovannini \|first3=O. \|last4=Diaz \|first4=M. \|title=The Discovery of a New DAV Star Using IUE Temperature Determination \|journal=The Astrophysical Journal \|date=10 March 1992 \|volume=390 \|pages=L89-L91 \|doi=10.1086/186379 \|url=https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1992ApJ...390L..89K \|access-date=4 December 2021 \|archive-date=4 December 2021 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211204060650/https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1992ApJ...390L..89K \|url-status=live }}</ref>

	}}		}}

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	'''BPM 37093''' ('''V886 Centauri''') is a [[variable star\|variable]] [[white dwarf]] [[star]] of the DAV, or [[Pulsating white dwarf\|ZZ Ceti]], type, with a [[hydrogen]] atmosphere and an unusually high mass of approximately 1.1 times the [[Sun]]'s. It is about 50 ~~[[light-year]]s~~ from Earth, in the constellation [[Centaurus]], and vibrates; these pulsations cause its [[luminosity]] to [[variable star\|vary]].<ref name="simbad"/><ref name="arxiv04"/> Like other white dwarfs, BPM 37093 is thought to be composed primarily of carbon and oxygen, which are created by [[thermonuclear]] fusion of [[helium]] nuclei in the [[triple-alpha process]].<ref name="rln">[http://spiff.rit.edu/classes/phys230/lectures/planneb/planneb.html Late stages of evolution for low-mass stars], Michael Richmond, lecture notes, Physics 230, [[Rochester Institute of Technology]], accessed online May 3, 2007.</ref>		'''BPM 37093''' ('''V886 Centauri''') is a [[variable star\|variable]] [[white dwarf]] [[star]] of the DAV, or [[Pulsating white dwarf\|ZZ Ceti]], type, with a [[hydrogen]] atmosphere and an unusually high mass of approximately 1.1 times the [[Sun]]'s. It is about {{convert\|50\|ly\|pc\|lk=on\|abbr=off}} from Earth in the constellation [[Centaurus]] and vibrates; these pulsations cause its [[luminosity]] to [[variable star\|vary]].<ref name="simbad"/><ref name="arxiv04"/> Like other white dwarfs, BPM 37093 is thought to be composed primarily of carbon and oxygen, which are created by [[thermonuclear]] fusion of [[helium]] nuclei in the [[triple-alpha process]].<ref name="rln">[http://spiff.rit.edu/classes/phys230/lectures/planneb/planneb.html Late stages of evolution for low-mass stars], Michael Richmond, lecture notes, Physics 230, [[Rochester Institute of Technology]], accessed online May 3, 2007.</ref>

	==Structure==		==Structure==

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	{{Short description\|White-dwarf star in the constellation Centaurus}}		{{Short description\|White dwarf star in the constellation Centaurus}}
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	\| name = BPM 37093		\| name = BPM 37093
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	'''BPM 37093''' (V886 Centauri) is a [[variable star\|variable]] [[white dwarf]] [[star]] of the DAV, or [[Pulsating white dwarf\|ZZ Ceti]], type, with a [[hydrogen]] atmosphere and an unusually high mass of approximately 1.1 times the [[Sun]]'s. It is about 50 [[light-year]]s from Earth, in the constellation [[Centaurus]], and vibrates; these pulsations cause its [[luminosity]] to [[variable star\|vary]].<ref name="simbad"/><ref name="arxiv04"/> Like other white dwarfs, BPM 37093 is thought to be composed primarily of carbon and oxygen, which are created by [[thermonuclear]] fusion of [[helium]] nuclei in the [[triple-alpha process]].<ref name="rln">[http://spiff.rit.edu/classes/phys230/lectures/planneb/planneb.html Late stages of evolution for low-mass stars], Michael Richmond, lecture notes, Physics 230, [[Rochester Institute of Technology]], accessed online May 3, 2007.</ref>		'''BPM 37093''' ('''V886 Centauri''') is a [[variable star\|variable]] [[white dwarf]] [[star]] of the DAV, or [[Pulsating white dwarf\|ZZ Ceti]], type, with a [[hydrogen]] atmosphere and an unusually high mass of approximately 1.1 times the [[Sun]]'s. It is about 50 [[light-year]]s from Earth, in the constellation [[Centaurus]], and vibrates; these pulsations cause its [[luminosity]] to [[variable star\|vary]].<ref name="simbad"/><ref name="arxiv04"/> Like other white dwarfs, BPM 37093 is thought to be composed primarily of carbon and oxygen, which are created by [[thermonuclear]] fusion of [[helium]] nuclei in the [[triple-alpha process]].<ref name="rln">[http://spiff.rit.edu/classes/phys230/lectures/planneb/planneb.html Late stages of evolution for low-mass stars], Michael Richmond, lecture notes, Physics 230, [[Rochester Institute of Technology]], accessed online May 3, 2007.</ref>

	==Structure==		==Structure==

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	==Structure==		==Structure==
	In the 1960s, it was predicted that as a white dwarf cools, its material should [[Crystallization\|crystallize]], starting at the center.<ref name="metcalfe1">Testing White Dwarf Crystallization Theory with Asteroseismology of the Massive Pulsating DA Star BPM 37093, T. S. Metcalfe, M. H. Montgomery, and A. Kanaan, ''Astrophysical Journal'' '''605''', #2 (April 2004), pp. L133–L136. {{bibcode\|2004ApJ...605L.133M}}</ref> When a star pulsates, observing its pulsations gives information about its structure. BPM 37093 was first observed to be a pulsating variable in 1992,<ref~~>The discovery of a new DAV star using IUE temperature determination, A.~~ Kanaan~~, [[Kepler de Souza Oliveira\|S. O. Kepler]], O. Giovannini, and M. Diaz, ''Astrophysical Journal Letters'' '''390''', #2 (May 10, 1992), pp. L89–L91. {{bibcode\|1992ApJ...390L..89K}}<~~/~~ref~~> and in 1995 it was pointed out that this yielded a potential test of the crystallization theory.<ref>The Status of White Dwarf Asteroseismology and a Glimpse of the Road Ahead, D. E. Winget, ''Baltic Astronomy'' '''4''' (1995), pp. 129–136. {{bibcode\|1995BaltA...4..129W}}</ref> In 2004, Antonio Kanaan and a team of researchers of the [[Whole Earth Blazar Telescope\|Whole Earth Telescope]] estimated, on the basis of these [[asteroseismology\|asteroseismological]] observations, that approximately 90% of the mass of BPM 37093 had crystallized.<ref name="arxiv04">Whole Earth Telescope observations of BPM 37093: a seismological test of crystallization theory in white dwarfs, A. Kanaan, A. Nitta, D. E. Winget, S. O. Kepler, M. H. Montgomery, T. S. Metcalfe, et al., ''Astronomy and Astrophysics'' '''432''', #1 (March 2005), pp. 219–224. {{bibcode\|2005A&A...432..219K}} {{doi\|10.1051/0004-6361:20041125}}.</ref><ref name="metcalfe1"/><ref name="lucy">[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/3492919.stm BBC News: Diamond star thrills astronomers]</ref><ref>[http://www.cfa.harvard.edu/news/archive/pr0407.html Press release], 2004, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics.</ref> Other work gives a crystallized mass fraction of between 32% and 82%.<ref name="Brassard">P. Brassard, G. Fontaine, Asteroseismology of the Crystallized ZZ Ceti Star BPM 37093: A Different View, ''Astrophysical Journal'' '''622''', #1, pp. 572–576. {{bibcode\|2005ApJ...622..572B}}</ref> Any of these estimates would result in a total crystalline mass in excess of 5{{e\|29}} kilograms. As the white dwarf has a radius of {{convert\|2500\|mi\|order=flip}}, this means that the core of BPM 37093, nicknamed ''Lucy'', is likely one of the largest diamonds in the local region of the universe.<ref>{{cite news\|title=This Valentine's Day, Give The Woman Who Has Everything The Galaxy's Largest Diamond\|url=http://cfa-www.harvard.edu/press/archive/pr0407.html\|publisher=Center for Astrophysics\|access-date=May 5, 2009		In the 1960s, it was predicted that as a white dwarf cools, its material should [[Crystallization\|crystallize]], starting at the center.<ref name="metcalfe1">Testing White Dwarf Crystallization Theory with Asteroseismology of the Massive Pulsating DA Star BPM 37093, T. S. Metcalfe, M. H. Montgomery, and A. Kanaan, ''Astrophysical Journal'' '''605''', #2 (April 2004), pp. L133–L136. {{bibcode\|2004ApJ...605L.133M}}</ref> When a star pulsates, observing its pulsations gives information about its structure. BPM 37093 was first observed to be a pulsating variable in 1992,<ref name="Kanaan"/> and in 1995 it was pointed out that this yielded a potential test of the crystallization theory.<ref>The Status of White Dwarf Asteroseismology and a Glimpse of the Road Ahead, D. E. Winget, ''Baltic Astronomy'' '''4''' (1995), pp. 129–136. {{bibcode\|1995BaltA...4..129W}}</ref> In 2004, Antonio Kanaan and a team of researchers of the [[Whole Earth Blazar Telescope\|Whole Earth Telescope]] estimated, on the basis of these [[asteroseismology\|asteroseismological]] observations, that approximately 90% of the mass of BPM 37093 had crystallized.<ref name="arxiv04">Whole Earth Telescope observations of BPM 37093: a seismological test of crystallization theory in white dwarfs, A. Kanaan, A. Nitta, D. E. Winget, S. O. Kepler, M. H. Montgomery, T. S. Metcalfe, et al., ''Astronomy and Astrophysics'' '''432''', #1 (March 2005), pp. 219–224. {{bibcode\|2005A&A...432..219K}} {{doi\|10.1051/0004-6361:20041125}}.</ref><ref name="metcalfe1"/><ref name="lucy">[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/3492919.stm BBC News: Diamond star thrills astronomers]</ref><ref>[http://www.cfa.harvard.edu/news/archive/pr0407.html Press release], 2004, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics.</ref> Other work gives a crystallized mass fraction of between 32% and 82%.<ref name="Brassard">P. Brassard, G. Fontaine, Asteroseismology of the Crystallized ZZ Ceti Star BPM 37093: A Different View, ''Astrophysical Journal'' '''622''', #1, pp. 572–576. {{bibcode\|2005ApJ...622..572B}}</ref> Any of these estimates would result in a total crystalline mass in excess of 5{{e\|29}} kilograms. As the white dwarf has a radius of {{convert\|2500\|mi\|order=flip}}, this means that the core of BPM 37093, nicknamed ''Lucy'', is likely one of the largest diamonds in the local region of the universe.<ref>{{cite news\|title=This Valentine's Day, Give The Woman Who Has Everything The Galaxy's Largest Diamond\|url=http://cfa-www.harvard.edu/press/archive/pr0407.html\|publisher=Center for Astrophysics\|access-date=May 5, 2009
	}}</ref><ref name="most expensive star">{{cite web\|url=https://futurism.com/lucy-in-the-sky-with-diamonds\|title=Lucy's in the Sky with Diamonds: Meet the Most Expensive Star Ever Found\|publisher=Futurism\|date=12 June 2014\|access-date=20 May 2019}}</ref>		}}</ref><ref name="most expensive star">{{cite web\|url=https://futurism.com/lucy-in-the-sky-with-diamonds\|title=Lucy's in the Sky with Diamonds: Meet the Most Expensive Star Ever Found\|publisher=Futurism\|date=12 June 2014\|access-date=20 May 2019}}</ref>