Batak - Revision history

Theodorus420: /* See also */ Fixed typo

2024-09-12T10:21:15Z

49.224.202.182: /* Prehistory */Outdated single reference, not supported by more recent DNA evidence.

2024-09-01T19:23:16Z

Prehistory: Outdated single reference, not supported by more recent DNA evidence.

← Previous revision		Revision as of 19:23, 1 September 2024
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	[[File:Batak Toba House.jpg\|left\|thumb\|A traditional Toba Batak house (see [[Batak architecture]]).]]		[[File:Batak Toba House.jpg\|left\|thumb\|A traditional Toba Batak house (see [[Batak architecture]]).]]

	Linguistic and archaeological evidence indicates that [[Austronesian peoples\|Austronesian]] speakers first reached Sumatra from [[Taiwan]] and the [[Philippines]] through [[Borneo]] or [[Java]] about 2,500 years ago, and the Batak probably descended from these settlers.<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Bellwood \|first=Peter \|title=Prehistory of the Indo-Malaysian Archipelago \|date=1997 \|publisher=University of Hawai'i Press \|edition=revised \|location=Honolulu \|language=en}}</ref> While the archaeology of southern Sumatra testifies to the existence of neolithic settlers, it seems that the northern part of Sumatra was settled by agriculturalists at a considerably later stage.		While the archaeology of southern Sumatra testifies to the existence of neolithic settlers, it seems that the northern part of Sumatra was settled by agriculturalists at a considerably later stage.

	Although the Batak are often considered to be isolated peoples due to their location inland, away from the influence of seafaring European colonials, there is evidence that they have been involved in trade with neighbouring kingdoms for a millennium or more.		Although the Batak are often considered to be isolated peoples due to their location inland, away from the influence of seafaring European colonials, there is evidence that they have been involved in trade with neighbouring kingdoms for a millennium or more.

Don't eat plants at 14:09, 29 August 2024

2024-08-29T14:09:15Z

← Previous revision		Revision as of 14:09, 29 August 2024
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	}}		}}

	'''Batak''' is a collective term used to identify a number of closely related [[Austronesian peoples\|Austronesian]] [[ethnic groups]] predominantly found in [[North Sumatra]], [[Indonesia]], who speak [[Batak languages]]. The term is used to include the [[Karo people (Indonesia)\|Karo]], [[Pakpak people\|Pakpak]], [[Simalungun people\|Simalungun]], [[Batak Toba people\|Toba]], [[Angkola people\|Angkola]], ~~and~~ [[Mandailing people\|Mandailing]],<ref>{{Cite book \|title=Sedjarah kebudajaan Batak: suatu studi tentang suku Batak (Toba, Angkola, Mandailing, Simelungun, Pakpak Dairi, Karo) \|last=Siahaan \|first=Nalom \|publisher=Napitupulu \|year=1964 \|language=id \|trans-title=Historical culture of Batak: a study of Batak tribes (Toba, Angkola, Mandailing, Simelungun, Pakpak Dairi, Karo) \|oclc=690038854}}</ref> related ethnic groups with distinct languages and traditional customs (''[[adat]]'').		'''Batak''' is a collective term used to identify a number of closely related [[Austronesian peoples\|Austronesian]] [[ethnic groups]] predominantly found in [[North Sumatra]], [[Indonesia]], who speak [[Batak languages]]. The term is used to include the [[Karo people (Indonesia)\|Karo]], [[Pakpak people\|Pakpak]], [[Simalungun people\|Simalungun]], [[Batak Toba people\|Toba]], [[Angkola people\|Angkola]], [[Mandailing people\|Mandailing]]<ref>{{Cite book \|title=Sedjarah kebudajaan Batak: suatu studi tentang suku Batak (Toba, Angkola, Mandailing, Simelungun, Pakpak Dairi, Karo) \|last=Siahaan \|first=Nalom \|publisher=Napitupulu \|year=1964 \|language=id \|trans-title=Historical culture of Batak: a study of Batak tribes (Toba, Angkola, Mandailing, Simelungun, Pakpak Dairi, Karo) \|oclc=690038854}}</ref> and related ethnic groups with distinct languages and traditional customs (''[[adat]]'').

	== Prehistory ==		== Prehistory ==
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	Linguistic and archaeological evidence indicates that [[Austronesian peoples\|Austronesian]] speakers first reached Sumatra from [[Taiwan]] and the [[Philippines]] through [[Borneo]] or [[Java]] about 2,500 years ago, and the Batak probably descended from these settlers.<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Bellwood \|first=Peter \|title=Prehistory of the Indo-Malaysian Archipelago \|date=1997 \|publisher=University of Hawai'i Press \|edition=revised \|location=Honolulu \|language=en}}</ref> While the archaeology of southern Sumatra testifies to the existence of neolithic settlers, it seems that the northern part of Sumatra was settled by agriculturalists at a considerably later stage.		Linguistic and archaeological evidence indicates that [[Austronesian peoples\|Austronesian]] speakers first reached Sumatra from [[Taiwan]] and the [[Philippines]] through [[Borneo]] or [[Java]] about 2,500 years ago, and the Batak probably descended from these settlers.<ref>{{Cite book \|last=Bellwood \|first=Peter \|title=Prehistory of the Indo-Malaysian Archipelago \|date=1997 \|publisher=University of Hawai'i Press \|edition=revised \|location=Honolulu \|language=en}}</ref> While the archaeology of southern Sumatra testifies to the existence of neolithic settlers, it seems that the northern part of Sumatra was settled by agriculturalists at a considerably later stage.

	Although the Batak are often considered to be isolated peoples ~~thanks~~ to their location inland, away from the influence of seafaring European colonials, there is evidence that they have been involved in trade with ~~other~~ neighbouring kingdoms for a millennium or more.		Although the Batak are often considered to be isolated peoples due to their location inland, away from the influence of seafaring European colonials, there is evidence that they have been involved in trade with neighbouring kingdoms for a millennium or more.

	===Influenced by Tamil Peoples===		===Influenced by Tamil Peoples===
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	=== Dalihan Na Tolu ===		=== Dalihan Na Tolu ===
	[[File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Toba-Bataks hoofd met zijn familie voor hun met fraai houtsnijwerk versierde huis TMnr 10001701.jpg\|thumb\|right\|250px\|Head or higher class Toba Batak man with his family in their home with the carved head of Toba Batak family "adathuis" or Roemah Adat Tapanoeli in North Sumatra, c. 1900]]		[[File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Toba-Bataks hoofd met zijn familie voor hun met fraai houtsnijwerk versierde huis TMnr 10001701.jpg\|thumb\|right\|250px\|Head or higher class Toba Batak man with his family in their home with the carved head of Toba Batak family "adathuis" or Roemah Adat Tapanoeli in North Sumatra, c. 1900]]
	''Dalihan Na Tolu'' (three-legged furnace) is the philosophy of life of the Batak people. It ~~was~~ consisted of three general ~~rule~~ in Batak society.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book \|last=S Aritonang \|first=Jan \|title=Beberapa Pemikiran Menuju Dalihan Natolu \|publisher=Dian Utama \|year=2006 \|location=Jakarta \|language=id}}</ref> Those are:		''Dalihan Na Tolu'' (three-legged furnace) is the philosophy of life of the Batak people. It consisted of three general rules in Batak society.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book \|last=S Aritonang \|first=Jan \|title=Beberapa Pemikiran Menuju Dalihan Natolu \|publisher=Dian Utama \|year=2006 \|location=Jakarta \|language=id}}</ref> Those are:
	# Somba Marhulahula (showing respect to wife's family). Even though ''somba'' could mean worship, in Dalihan Na Tolu, it means respect to those with wife family and those with the same clan ([[Marga (Batak)]]). Those family includes wife of the grandfathers, wife of the fathers, and wife of the children.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book \|last=J \|first=P Sitanggang \|title=Raja Napogos \|publisher=Penerbit Jala Permata Aksara \|year=2010 \|location=Jakarta \|language=id}}</ref>		# Somba Marhulahula (showing respect to wife's family). Even though ''somba'' could mean worship, in Dalihan Na Tolu, it means respect to those with wife family and those with the same clan ([[Marga (Batak)]]). Those family includes wife of the grandfathers, wife of the fathers, and wife of the children.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book \|last=J \|first=P Sitanggang \|title=Raja Napogos \|publisher=Penerbit Jala Permata Aksara \|year=2010 \|location=Jakarta \|language=id}}</ref>
	# Elek Marboru (showing kindness to all women). Kindness in this context means not accompanied by ulterior motives and self-interest. Also, women in this context means the family who marry the daughter, including the daughter itself.<ref name=":1" />		# Elek Marboru (showing kindness to all women). Kindness in this context means not accompanied by ulterior motives and self-interest. Also, women in this context means the family who marry the daughter, including the daughter itself.<ref name=":1" />

Pineapplethen at 00:26, 26 August 2024

2024-08-26T00:26:50Z

← Previous revision		Revision as of 00:26, 26 August 2024
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	\| pop12 = unknown {{smaller\|(counted as part of the local "[[Singaporean Malays\|Malays]]")}}		\| pop12 = unknown {{smaller\|(counted as part of the local "[[Singaporean Malays\|Malays]]")}}
	\| langs = '''Native'''<br/>[[Batak languages]] ([[Batak Karo language\|Karo]], [[Pakpak language\|Pakpak]], [[Simalungun language\|Simalungun]], [[Batak Toba language\|Toba]], [[Angkola language\|Angkola]], [[Mandailing language\|Mandailing]])<br/>'''Also'''<br/>[[Indonesian language\|Indonesian]]		\| langs = '''Native'''<br/>[[Batak languages]] ([[Batak Karo language\|Karo]], [[Pakpak language\|Pakpak]], [[Simalungun language\|Simalungun]], [[Batak Toba language\|Toba]], [[Angkola language\|Angkola]], [[Mandailing language\|Mandailing]])<br/>'''Also'''<br/>[[Indonesian language\|Indonesian]]
	\| rels = • [[Christianity]] ([[Protestantism]] and [[Catholicism]]) 55.62%<br>• [[Sunni Islam]] 44.17%<br>• [[~~Budddhism~~]] 0.11%<br> • [[Hinduism]] 0.017%<br> • Traditional religions ([[Parmalim]], [[Pemena]], etc.) 0.08%<ref>{{Cite book \|title=Konflik Status dan Kekuasaan Orang Batak Toba: Bagian Sejarah batak \|last=Bungaran Antonius Simanjuntak \|publisher=Yayasan Pustaka Obor Indonesia \|year=1994 \|isbn=60-243-3148-7 \|page=149 \|language=id \|trans-title=Conflict of Status and Power of Toba Batak People: History of Batak}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book \|title=Sistim Gotong Royong Dalam Masyarakat Pedesaan Daerah Sumatera Utara \|author1=B.A. Simanjuntak \|author2=Hasmah Hasyim \|author3=A.W. Turnip \|author4=Jugat Purba \|author5=E.K. Siahaan \|publisher=Direktorat Jenderal Kebudayaan \|year=1979 \|page=25 \|language=id \|trans-title=Mutual Cooperation System in Rural Areas of North Sumatra}}</ref>		\| rels = • [[Christianity]] ([[Protestantism]] and [[Catholicism]]) 55.62%<br>• [[Sunni Islam]] 44.17%<br>• [[Buddhism]] 0.11%<br> • [[Hinduism]] 0.017%<br> • Traditional religions ([[Parmalim]], [[Pemena]], etc.) 0.08%<ref>{{Cite book \|title=Konflik Status dan Kekuasaan Orang Batak Toba: Bagian Sejarah batak \|last=Bungaran Antonius Simanjuntak \|publisher=Yayasan Pustaka Obor Indonesia \|year=1994 \|isbn=60-243-3148-7 \|page=149 \|language=id \|trans-title=Conflict of Status and Power of Toba Batak People: History of Batak}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book \|title=Sistim Gotong Royong Dalam Masyarakat Pedesaan Daerah Sumatera Utara \|author1=B.A. Simanjuntak \|author2=Hasmah Hasyim \|author3=A.W. Turnip \|author4=Jugat Purba \|author5=E.K. Siahaan \|publisher=Direktorat Jenderal Kebudayaan \|year=1979 \|page=25 \|language=id \|trans-title=Mutual Cooperation System in Rural Areas of North Sumatra}}</ref>
	\| related = {{ubl\|[[Austronesian peoples]]}}		\| related = {{ubl\|[[Austronesian peoples]]}}
	{{hlist\|item_style=font-size:90%;\|[[Nias people\|Nias]]\|[[Minangkabau people\|Minangkabau]]\|[[Malays (ethnic group)\|Malay]]}}		{{hlist\|item_style=font-size:90%;\|[[Nias people\|Nias]]\|[[Minangkabau people\|Minangkabau]]\|[[Malays (ethnic group)\|Malay]]}}

Pineapplethen: Buddhism and correction of positions of Traditional religions percentage

2024-08-25T22:44:21Z

Buddhism and correction of positions of Traditional religions percentage

← Previous revision		Revision as of 22:44, 25 August 2024
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	\| pop12 = unknown {{smaller\|(counted as part of the local "[[Singaporean Malays\|Malays]]")}}		\| pop12 = unknown {{smaller\|(counted as part of the local "[[Singaporean Malays\|Malays]]")}}
	\| langs = '''Native'''<br/>[[Batak languages]] ([[Batak Karo language\|Karo]], [[Pakpak language\|Pakpak]], [[Simalungun language\|Simalungun]], [[Batak Toba language\|Toba]], [[Angkola language\|Angkola]], [[Mandailing language\|Mandailing]])<br/>'''Also'''<br/>[[Indonesian language\|Indonesian]]		\| langs = '''Native'''<br/>[[Batak languages]] ([[Batak Karo language\|Karo]], [[Pakpak language\|Pakpak]], [[Simalungun language\|Simalungun]], [[Batak Toba language\|Toba]], [[Angkola language\|Angkola]], [[Mandailing language\|Mandailing]])<br/>'''Also'''<br/>[[Indonesian language\|Indonesian]]
	\| rels = • [[Christianity]] ([[Protestantism]] and [[Catholicism]]) 55.62%<br>• [[Sunni Islam]] 44.17%<br>• [[Budddhism]] 0.11%<br>• Traditional religions ([[Parmalim]], [[Pemena]], etc. 0.08%)<ref>{{Cite book \|title=Konflik Status dan Kekuasaan Orang Batak Toba: Bagian Sejarah batak \|last=Bungaran Antonius Simanjuntak \|publisher=Yayasan Pustaka Obor Indonesia \|year=1994 \|isbn=60-243-3148-7 \|page=149 \|language=id \|trans-title=Conflict of Status and Power of Toba Batak People: History of Batak}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book \|title=Sistim Gotong Royong Dalam Masyarakat Pedesaan Daerah Sumatera Utara \|author1=B.A. Simanjuntak \|author2=Hasmah Hasyim \|author3=A.W. Turnip \|author4=Jugat Purba \|author5=E.K. Siahaan \|publisher=Direktorat Jenderal Kebudayaan \|year=1979 \|page=25 \|language=id \|trans-title=Mutual Cooperation System in Rural Areas of North Sumatra}}</ref>		\| rels = • [[Christianity]] ([[Protestantism]] and [[Catholicism]]) 55.62%<br>• [[Sunni Islam]] 44.17%<br>• [[Budddhism]] 0.11%<br> • [[Hinduism]] 0.017%<br> • Traditional religions ([[Parmalim]], [[Pemena]], etc.) 0.08%<ref>{{Cite book \|title=Konflik Status dan Kekuasaan Orang Batak Toba: Bagian Sejarah batak \|last=Bungaran Antonius Simanjuntak \|publisher=Yayasan Pustaka Obor Indonesia \|year=1994 \|isbn=60-243-3148-7 \|page=149 \|language=id \|trans-title=Conflict of Status and Power of Toba Batak People: History of Batak}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book \|title=Sistim Gotong Royong Dalam Masyarakat Pedesaan Daerah Sumatera Utara \|author1=B.A. Simanjuntak \|author2=Hasmah Hasyim \|author3=A.W. Turnip \|author4=Jugat Purba \|author5=E.K. Siahaan \|publisher=Direktorat Jenderal Kebudayaan \|year=1979 \|page=25 \|language=id \|trans-title=Mutual Cooperation System in Rural Areas of North Sumatra}}</ref>
	\| related = {{ubl\|[[Austronesian peoples]]}}		\| related = {{ubl\|[[Austronesian peoples]]}}
	{{hlist\|item_style=font-size:90%;\|[[Nias people\|Nias]]\|[[Minangkabau people\|Minangkabau]]\|[[Malays (ethnic group)\|Malay]]}}		{{hlist\|item_style=font-size:90%;\|[[Nias people\|Nias]]\|[[Minangkabau people\|Minangkabau]]\|[[Malays (ethnic group)\|Malay]]}}

Pineapplethen: Buddhism

2024-08-25T22:39:17Z

Buddhism

← Previous revision		Revision as of 22:39, 25 August 2024
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	\| pop12 = unknown {{smaller\|(counted as part of the local "[[Singaporean Malays\|Malays]]")}}		\| pop12 = unknown {{smaller\|(counted as part of the local "[[Singaporean Malays\|Malays]]")}}
	\| langs = '''Native'''<br/>[[Batak languages]] ([[Batak Karo language\|Karo]], [[Pakpak language\|Pakpak]], [[Simalungun language\|Simalungun]], [[Batak Toba language\|Toba]], [[Angkola language\|Angkola]], [[Mandailing language\|Mandailing]])<br/>'''Also'''<br/>[[Indonesian language\|Indonesian]]		\| langs = '''Native'''<br/>[[Batak languages]] ([[Batak Karo language\|Karo]], [[Pakpak language\|Pakpak]], [[Simalungun language\|Simalungun]], [[Batak Toba language\|Toba]], [[Angkola language\|Angkola]], [[Mandailing language\|Mandailing]])<br/>'''Also'''<br/>[[Indonesian language\|Indonesian]]
	\| rels = • [[Christianity]] ([[Protestantism]] and [[Catholicism]]) 55.62%<br>• [[Sunni Islam]] 44.17%<br>• Traditional religions ([[Parmalim]], [[Pemena]], etc. 0.08%)<ref>{{Cite book \|title=Konflik Status dan Kekuasaan Orang Batak Toba: Bagian Sejarah batak \|last=Bungaran Antonius Simanjuntak \|publisher=Yayasan Pustaka Obor Indonesia \|year=1994 \|isbn=60-243-3148-7 \|page=149 \|language=id \|trans-title=Conflict of Status and Power of Toba Batak People: History of Batak}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book \|title=Sistim Gotong Royong Dalam Masyarakat Pedesaan Daerah Sumatera Utara \|author1=B.A. Simanjuntak \|author2=Hasmah Hasyim \|author3=A.W. Turnip \|author4=Jugat Purba \|author5=E.K. Siahaan \|publisher=Direktorat Jenderal Kebudayaan \|year=1979 \|page=25 \|language=id \|trans-title=Mutual Cooperation System in Rural Areas of North Sumatra}}</ref>		\| rels = • [[Christianity]] ([[Protestantism]] and [[Catholicism]]) 55.62%<br>• [[Sunni Islam]] 44.17%<br>• [[Budddhism]] 0.11%<br>• Traditional religions ([[Parmalim]], [[Pemena]], etc. 0.08%)<ref>{{Cite book \|title=Konflik Status dan Kekuasaan Orang Batak Toba: Bagian Sejarah batak \|last=Bungaran Antonius Simanjuntak \|publisher=Yayasan Pustaka Obor Indonesia \|year=1994 \|isbn=60-243-3148-7 \|page=149 \|language=id \|trans-title=Conflict of Status and Power of Toba Batak People: History of Batak}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book \|title=Sistim Gotong Royong Dalam Masyarakat Pedesaan Daerah Sumatera Utara \|author1=B.A. Simanjuntak \|author2=Hasmah Hasyim \|author3=A.W. Turnip \|author4=Jugat Purba \|author5=E.K. Siahaan \|publisher=Direktorat Jenderal Kebudayaan \|year=1979 \|page=25 \|language=id \|trans-title=Mutual Cooperation System in Rural Areas of North Sumatra}}</ref>
	\| related = {{ubl\|[[Austronesian peoples]]}}		\| related = {{ubl\|[[Austronesian peoples]]}}
	{{hlist\|item_style=font-size:90%;\|[[Nias people\|Nias]]\|[[Minangkabau people\|Minangkabau]]\|[[Malays (ethnic group)\|Malay]]}}		{{hlist\|item_style=font-size:90%;\|[[Nias people\|Nias]]\|[[Minangkabau people\|Minangkabau]]\|[[Malays (ethnic group)\|Malay]]}}

Pineapplethen: percentages of others as traditional religions (Parmalim, Pemena, etc.)

2024-08-25T22:33:46Z

percentages of others as traditional religions (Parmalim, Pemena, etc.)

← Previous revision		Revision as of 22:33, 25 August 2024
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	\| pop12 = unknown {{smaller\|(counted as part of the local "[[Singaporean Malays\|Malays]]")}}		\| pop12 = unknown {{smaller\|(counted as part of the local "[[Singaporean Malays\|Malays]]")}}
	\| langs = '''Native'''<br/>[[Batak languages]] ([[Batak Karo language\|Karo]], [[Pakpak language\|Pakpak]], [[Simalungun language\|Simalungun]], [[Batak Toba language\|Toba]], [[Angkola language\|Angkola]], [[Mandailing language\|Mandailing]])<br/>'''Also'''<br/>[[Indonesian language\|Indonesian]]		\| langs = '''Native'''<br/>[[Batak languages]] ([[Batak Karo language\|Karo]], [[Pakpak language\|Pakpak]], [[Simalungun language\|Simalungun]], [[Batak Toba language\|Toba]], [[Angkola language\|Angkola]], [[Mandailing language\|Mandailing]])<br/>'''Also'''<br/>[[Indonesian language\|Indonesian]]
	\| rels = • [[Christianity]] ([[Protestantism]] and [[Catholicism]]) 55.62%<br>• [[Sunni Islam]] 44.17%<br>• Traditional religions ([[Parmalim]], [[Pemena]], etc.)<ref>{{Cite book \|title=Konflik Status dan Kekuasaan Orang Batak Toba: Bagian Sejarah batak \|last=Bungaran Antonius Simanjuntak \|publisher=Yayasan Pustaka Obor Indonesia \|year=1994 \|isbn=60-243-3148-7 \|page=149 \|language=id \|trans-title=Conflict of Status and Power of Toba Batak People: History of Batak}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book \|title=Sistim Gotong Royong Dalam Masyarakat Pedesaan Daerah Sumatera Utara \|author1=B.A. Simanjuntak \|author2=Hasmah Hasyim \|author3=A.W. Turnip \|author4=Jugat Purba \|author5=E.K. Siahaan \|publisher=Direktorat Jenderal Kebudayaan \|year=1979 \|page=25 \|language=id \|trans-title=Mutual Cooperation System in Rural Areas of North Sumatra}}</ref>		\| rels = • [[Christianity]] ([[Protestantism]] and [[Catholicism]]) 55.62%<br>• [[Sunni Islam]] 44.17%<br>• Traditional religions ([[Parmalim]], [[Pemena]], etc. 0.08%)<ref>{{Cite book \|title=Konflik Status dan Kekuasaan Orang Batak Toba: Bagian Sejarah batak \|last=Bungaran Antonius Simanjuntak \|publisher=Yayasan Pustaka Obor Indonesia \|year=1994 \|isbn=60-243-3148-7 \|page=149 \|language=id \|trans-title=Conflict of Status and Power of Toba Batak People: History of Batak}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book \|title=Sistim Gotong Royong Dalam Masyarakat Pedesaan Daerah Sumatera Utara \|author1=B.A. Simanjuntak \|author2=Hasmah Hasyim \|author3=A.W. Turnip \|author4=Jugat Purba \|author5=E.K. Siahaan \|publisher=Direktorat Jenderal Kebudayaan \|year=1979 \|page=25 \|language=id \|trans-title=Mutual Cooperation System in Rural Areas of North Sumatra}}</ref>
	\| related = {{ubl\|[[Austronesian peoples]]}}		\| related = {{ubl\|[[Austronesian peoples]]}}
	{{hlist\|item_style=font-size:90%;\|[[Nias people\|Nias]]\|[[Minangkabau people\|Minangkabau]]\|[[Malays (ethnic group)\|Malay]]}}		{{hlist\|item_style=font-size:90%;\|[[Nias people\|Nias]]\|[[Minangkabau people\|Minangkabau]]\|[[Malays (ethnic group)\|Malay]]}}

Pineapplethen: Undid revision 1235078955 by 116.206.33.49 (talk)

2024-08-24T11:19:30Z

Undid revision 1235078955 by 116.206.33.49 (talk)

← Previous revision		Revision as of 11:19, 24 August 2024
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	===Influenced by Tamil Peoples===		===Influenced by Tamil Peoples===

	The Bataks practiced a syncretic religion of [[Buddhism]] and local culture for thousands of years. The last Batak king who fought valiantly against Dutch imperialists until 1905 is ~~[[Si~~ ~~Singamangaraja~~ ~~XII]]~~. The Batak may be mentioned in [[Zhao Rugua]]'s 13th-century ''[[Zhu Fan Zhi\|Description of the Barbarous Peoples]]'', which refers to a 'Ba-ta' dependency of [[Srivijaya]]. The ''[[Suma Oriental]]'', of the 15th century, also refers to the kingdom of Bata, bounded by [[Pasai]] and the [[Sultanate of Deli\|Aru kingdom]].		The Bataks practiced a syncretic religion of [[Shaivism]], [[Buddhism]] and local culture for thousands of years. The last Batak king who fought valiantly against Dutch imperialists until 1905 was an Indonesian Shaivite king. The Batak may be mentioned in [[Zhao Rugua]]'s 13th-century ''[[Zhu Fan Zhi\|Description of the Barbarous Peoples]]'', which refers to a 'Ba-ta' dependency of [[Srivijaya]]. The ''[[Suma Oriental]]'', of the 15th century, also refers to the kingdom of Bata, bounded by [[Pasai]] and the [[Sultanate of Deli\|Aru kingdom]].

	Based on this evidence, the Batak may have been involved in procuring important commodities for trade with [[China]], perhaps from the 8th or 9th centuries and continuing for the next thousand years, with Batak men carrying the products on their backs for sale at ports.		Based on this evidence, the Batak may have been involved in procuring important commodities for trade with [[China]], perhaps from the 8th or 9th centuries and continuing for the next thousand years, with Batak men carrying the products on their backs for sale at ports.

45.126.187.0: /* Religions */

2024-08-06T03:42:50Z

Religions

← Previous revision		Revision as of 03:42, 6 August 2024
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	! Religions !! Total		! Religions !! Total
	\|-		\|-
	\| [[Christianity]] \|\| 4,707,658		\| [[Christianity]] ([[Protestantism]] & [[Catholicism]]) \|\| 4,707,658
	\|-		\|-
	\| [[Islam]] \|\| 3,738,660		\| [[Sunni Islam]] \|\| 3,738,660
	\|-		\|-
	\| [[Buddhism]] \|\| 9,190		\| [[Buddhism]] \|\| 9,190

116.206.33.49: /* Prehistory */

2024-07-17T15:45:40Z

Prehistory

← Previous revision		Revision as of 15:45, 17 July 2024
Line 53:		Line 53:
	===Influenced by Tamil Peoples===		===Influenced by Tamil Peoples===

	The Bataks practiced a syncretic religion of ~~[[Shaivism]],~~ [[Buddhism]] and local culture for thousands of years. The last Batak king who fought valiantly against Dutch imperialists until 1905 ~~was~~ an ~~Indonesian~~ ~~Shaivite king~~. The Batak may be mentioned in [[Zhao Rugua]]'s 13th-century ''[[Zhu Fan Zhi\|Description of the Barbarous Peoples]]'', which refers to a 'Ba-ta' dependency of [[Srivijaya]]. The ''[[Suma Oriental]]'', of the 15th century, also refers to the kingdom of Bata, bounded by [[Pasai]] and the [[Sultanate of Deli\|Aru kingdom]].		The Bataks practiced a syncretic religion of [[Buddhism]] and local culture for thousands of years. The last Batak king who fought valiantly against Dutch imperialists until 1905 is [[Si Singamangaraja XII]]. The Batak may be mentioned in [[Zhao Rugua]]'s 13th-century ''[[Zhu Fan Zhi\|Description of the Barbarous Peoples]]'', which refers to a 'Ba-ta' dependency of [[Srivijaya]]. The ''[[Suma Oriental]]'', of the 15th century, also refers to the kingdom of Bata, bounded by [[Pasai]] and the [[Sultanate of Deli\|Aru kingdom]].

	Based on this evidence, the Batak may have been involved in procuring important commodities for trade with [[China]], perhaps from the 8th or 9th centuries and continuing for the next thousand years, with Batak men carrying the products on their backs for sale at ports.		Based on this evidence, the Batak may have been involved in procuring important commodities for trade with [[China]], perhaps from the 8th or 9th centuries and continuing for the next thousand years, with Batak men carrying the products on their backs for sale at ports.

← Previous revision		Revision as of 10:21, 12 September 2024
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	*[[Hasapi]]		*[[Hasapi]]
	*[[Marga (Batak)]]		*[[Marga (Batak)]]
	*[[Museum Huta ~~Balon~~ Simanindo]]		*[[Museum Huta Bolon Simanindo]]
	*[[Naga morsarang]]		*[[Naga morsarang]]
	*[[Piso Halasan]]		*[[Piso Halasan]]

← Previous revision		Revision as of 00:26, 26 August 2024
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	\| pop12 = unknown {{smaller\|(counted as part of the local "[[Singaporean Malays\|Malays]]")}}		\| pop12 = unknown {{smaller\|(counted as part of the local "[[Singaporean Malays\|Malays]]")}}
	\| langs = '''Native'''<br/>[[Batak languages]] ([[Batak Karo language\|Karo]], [[Pakpak language\|Pakpak]], [[Simalungun language\|Simalungun]], [[Batak Toba language\|Toba]], [[Angkola language\|Angkola]], [[Mandailing language\|Mandailing]])<br/>'''Also'''<br/>[[Indonesian language\|Indonesian]]		\| langs = '''Native'''<br/>[[Batak languages]] ([[Batak Karo language\|Karo]], [[Pakpak language\|Pakpak]], [[Simalungun language\|Simalungun]], [[Batak Toba language\|Toba]], [[Angkola language\|Angkola]], [[Mandailing language\|Mandailing]])<br/>'''Also'''<br/>[[Indonesian language\|Indonesian]]
	\| rels = • [[Christianity]] ([[Protestantism]] and [[Catholicism]]) 55.62%<br>• [[Sunni Islam]] 44.17%<br>• [[~~Budddhism~~]] 0.11%<br> • [[Hinduism]] 0.017%<br> • Traditional religions ([[Parmalim]], [[Pemena]], etc.) 0.08%<ref>{{Cite book \|title=Konflik Status dan Kekuasaan Orang Batak Toba: Bagian Sejarah batak \|last=Bungaran Antonius Simanjuntak \|publisher=Yayasan Pustaka Obor Indonesia \|year=1994 \|isbn=60-243-3148-7 \|page=149 \|language=id \|trans-title=Conflict of Status and Power of Toba Batak People: History of Batak}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book \|title=Sistim Gotong Royong Dalam Masyarakat Pedesaan Daerah Sumatera Utara \|author1=B.A. Simanjuntak \|author2=Hasmah Hasyim \|author3=A.W. Turnip \|author4=Jugat Purba \|author5=E.K. Siahaan \|publisher=Direktorat Jenderal Kebudayaan \|year=1979 \|page=25 \|language=id \|trans-title=Mutual Cooperation System in Rural Areas of North Sumatra}}</ref>		\| rels = • [[Christianity]] ([[Protestantism]] and [[Catholicism]]) 55.62%<br>• [[Sunni Islam]] 44.17%<br>• [[Buddhism]] 0.11%<br> • [[Hinduism]] 0.017%<br> • Traditional religions ([[Parmalim]], [[Pemena]], etc.) 0.08%<ref>{{Cite book \|title=Konflik Status dan Kekuasaan Orang Batak Toba: Bagian Sejarah batak \|last=Bungaran Antonius Simanjuntak \|publisher=Yayasan Pustaka Obor Indonesia \|year=1994 \|isbn=60-243-3148-7 \|page=149 \|language=id \|trans-title=Conflict of Status and Power of Toba Batak People: History of Batak}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book \|title=Sistim Gotong Royong Dalam Masyarakat Pedesaan Daerah Sumatera Utara \|author1=B.A. Simanjuntak \|author2=Hasmah Hasyim \|author3=A.W. Turnip \|author4=Jugat Purba \|author5=E.K. Siahaan \|publisher=Direktorat Jenderal Kebudayaan \|year=1979 \|page=25 \|language=id \|trans-title=Mutual Cooperation System in Rural Areas of North Sumatra}}</ref>
	\| related = {{ubl\|[[Austronesian peoples]]}}		\| related = {{ubl\|[[Austronesian peoples]]}}
	{{hlist\|item_style=font-size:90%;\|[[Nias people\|Nias]]\|[[Minangkabau people\|Minangkabau]]\|[[Malays (ethnic group)\|Malay]]}}		{{hlist\|item_style=font-size:90%;\|[[Nias people\|Nias]]\|[[Minangkabau people\|Minangkabau]]\|[[Malays (ethnic group)\|Malay]]}}

← Previous revision		Revision as of 22:44, 25 August 2024
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	\| pop12 = unknown {{smaller\|(counted as part of the local "[[Singaporean Malays\|Malays]]")}}		\| pop12 = unknown {{smaller\|(counted as part of the local "[[Singaporean Malays\|Malays]]")}}
	\| langs = '''Native'''<br/>[[Batak languages]] ([[Batak Karo language\|Karo]], [[Pakpak language\|Pakpak]], [[Simalungun language\|Simalungun]], [[Batak Toba language\|Toba]], [[Angkola language\|Angkola]], [[Mandailing language\|Mandailing]])<br/>'''Also'''<br/>[[Indonesian language\|Indonesian]]		\| langs = '''Native'''<br/>[[Batak languages]] ([[Batak Karo language\|Karo]], [[Pakpak language\|Pakpak]], [[Simalungun language\|Simalungun]], [[Batak Toba language\|Toba]], [[Angkola language\|Angkola]], [[Mandailing language\|Mandailing]])<br/>'''Also'''<br/>[[Indonesian language\|Indonesian]]
	\| rels = • [[Christianity]] ([[Protestantism]] and [[Catholicism]]) 55.62%<br>• [[Sunni Islam]] 44.17%<br>• [[Budddhism]] 0.11%<br>• Traditional religions ([[Parmalim]], [[Pemena]], etc. 0.08%)<ref>{{Cite book \|title=Konflik Status dan Kekuasaan Orang Batak Toba: Bagian Sejarah batak \|last=Bungaran Antonius Simanjuntak \|publisher=Yayasan Pustaka Obor Indonesia \|year=1994 \|isbn=60-243-3148-7 \|page=149 \|language=id \|trans-title=Conflict of Status and Power of Toba Batak People: History of Batak}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book \|title=Sistim Gotong Royong Dalam Masyarakat Pedesaan Daerah Sumatera Utara \|author1=B.A. Simanjuntak \|author2=Hasmah Hasyim \|author3=A.W. Turnip \|author4=Jugat Purba \|author5=E.K. Siahaan \|publisher=Direktorat Jenderal Kebudayaan \|year=1979 \|page=25 \|language=id \|trans-title=Mutual Cooperation System in Rural Areas of North Sumatra}}</ref>		\| rels = • [[Christianity]] ([[Protestantism]] and [[Catholicism]]) 55.62%<br>• [[Sunni Islam]] 44.17%<br>• [[Budddhism]] 0.11%<br> • [[Hinduism]] 0.017%<br> • Traditional religions ([[Parmalim]], [[Pemena]], etc.) 0.08%<ref>{{Cite book \|title=Konflik Status dan Kekuasaan Orang Batak Toba: Bagian Sejarah batak \|last=Bungaran Antonius Simanjuntak \|publisher=Yayasan Pustaka Obor Indonesia \|year=1994 \|isbn=60-243-3148-7 \|page=149 \|language=id \|trans-title=Conflict of Status and Power of Toba Batak People: History of Batak}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book \|title=Sistim Gotong Royong Dalam Masyarakat Pedesaan Daerah Sumatera Utara \|author1=B.A. Simanjuntak \|author2=Hasmah Hasyim \|author3=A.W. Turnip \|author4=Jugat Purba \|author5=E.K. Siahaan \|publisher=Direktorat Jenderal Kebudayaan \|year=1979 \|page=25 \|language=id \|trans-title=Mutual Cooperation System in Rural Areas of North Sumatra}}</ref>
	\| related = {{ubl\|[[Austronesian peoples]]}}		\| related = {{ubl\|[[Austronesian peoples]]}}
	{{hlist\|item_style=font-size:90%;\|[[Nias people\|Nias]]\|[[Minangkabau people\|Minangkabau]]\|[[Malays (ethnic group)\|Malay]]}}		{{hlist\|item_style=font-size:90%;\|[[Nias people\|Nias]]\|[[Minangkabau people\|Minangkabau]]\|[[Malays (ethnic group)\|Malay]]}}

← Previous revision		Revision as of 22:39, 25 August 2024
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	\| pop12 = unknown {{smaller\|(counted as part of the local "[[Singaporean Malays\|Malays]]")}}		\| pop12 = unknown {{smaller\|(counted as part of the local "[[Singaporean Malays\|Malays]]")}}
	\| langs = '''Native'''<br/>[[Batak languages]] ([[Batak Karo language\|Karo]], [[Pakpak language\|Pakpak]], [[Simalungun language\|Simalungun]], [[Batak Toba language\|Toba]], [[Angkola language\|Angkola]], [[Mandailing language\|Mandailing]])<br/>'''Also'''<br/>[[Indonesian language\|Indonesian]]		\| langs = '''Native'''<br/>[[Batak languages]] ([[Batak Karo language\|Karo]], [[Pakpak language\|Pakpak]], [[Simalungun language\|Simalungun]], [[Batak Toba language\|Toba]], [[Angkola language\|Angkola]], [[Mandailing language\|Mandailing]])<br/>'''Also'''<br/>[[Indonesian language\|Indonesian]]
	\| rels = • [[Christianity]] ([[Protestantism]] and [[Catholicism]]) 55.62%<br>• [[Sunni Islam]] 44.17%<br>• Traditional religions ([[Parmalim]], [[Pemena]], etc. 0.08%)<ref>{{Cite book \|title=Konflik Status dan Kekuasaan Orang Batak Toba: Bagian Sejarah batak \|last=Bungaran Antonius Simanjuntak \|publisher=Yayasan Pustaka Obor Indonesia \|year=1994 \|isbn=60-243-3148-7 \|page=149 \|language=id \|trans-title=Conflict of Status and Power of Toba Batak People: History of Batak}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book \|title=Sistim Gotong Royong Dalam Masyarakat Pedesaan Daerah Sumatera Utara \|author1=B.A. Simanjuntak \|author2=Hasmah Hasyim \|author3=A.W. Turnip \|author4=Jugat Purba \|author5=E.K. Siahaan \|publisher=Direktorat Jenderal Kebudayaan \|year=1979 \|page=25 \|language=id \|trans-title=Mutual Cooperation System in Rural Areas of North Sumatra}}</ref>		\| rels = • [[Christianity]] ([[Protestantism]] and [[Catholicism]]) 55.62%<br>• [[Sunni Islam]] 44.17%<br>• [[Budddhism]] 0.11%<br>• Traditional religions ([[Parmalim]], [[Pemena]], etc. 0.08%)<ref>{{Cite book \|title=Konflik Status dan Kekuasaan Orang Batak Toba: Bagian Sejarah batak \|last=Bungaran Antonius Simanjuntak \|publisher=Yayasan Pustaka Obor Indonesia \|year=1994 \|isbn=60-243-3148-7 \|page=149 \|language=id \|trans-title=Conflict of Status and Power of Toba Batak People: History of Batak}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book \|title=Sistim Gotong Royong Dalam Masyarakat Pedesaan Daerah Sumatera Utara \|author1=B.A. Simanjuntak \|author2=Hasmah Hasyim \|author3=A.W. Turnip \|author4=Jugat Purba \|author5=E.K. Siahaan \|publisher=Direktorat Jenderal Kebudayaan \|year=1979 \|page=25 \|language=id \|trans-title=Mutual Cooperation System in Rural Areas of North Sumatra}}</ref>
	\| related = {{ubl\|[[Austronesian peoples]]}}		\| related = {{ubl\|[[Austronesian peoples]]}}
	{{hlist\|item_style=font-size:90%;\|[[Nias people\|Nias]]\|[[Minangkabau people\|Minangkabau]]\|[[Malays (ethnic group)\|Malay]]}}		{{hlist\|item_style=font-size:90%;\|[[Nias people\|Nias]]\|[[Minangkabau people\|Minangkabau]]\|[[Malays (ethnic group)\|Malay]]}}

← Previous revision		Revision as of 22:33, 25 August 2024
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	\| pop12 = unknown {{smaller\|(counted as part of the local "[[Singaporean Malays\|Malays]]")}}		\| pop12 = unknown {{smaller\|(counted as part of the local "[[Singaporean Malays\|Malays]]")}}
	\| langs = '''Native'''<br/>[[Batak languages]] ([[Batak Karo language\|Karo]], [[Pakpak language\|Pakpak]], [[Simalungun language\|Simalungun]], [[Batak Toba language\|Toba]], [[Angkola language\|Angkola]], [[Mandailing language\|Mandailing]])<br/>'''Also'''<br/>[[Indonesian language\|Indonesian]]		\| langs = '''Native'''<br/>[[Batak languages]] ([[Batak Karo language\|Karo]], [[Pakpak language\|Pakpak]], [[Simalungun language\|Simalungun]], [[Batak Toba language\|Toba]], [[Angkola language\|Angkola]], [[Mandailing language\|Mandailing]])<br/>'''Also'''<br/>[[Indonesian language\|Indonesian]]
	\| rels = • [[Christianity]] ([[Protestantism]] and [[Catholicism]]) 55.62%<br>• [[Sunni Islam]] 44.17%<br>• Traditional religions ([[Parmalim]], [[Pemena]], etc.)<ref>{{Cite book \|title=Konflik Status dan Kekuasaan Orang Batak Toba: Bagian Sejarah batak \|last=Bungaran Antonius Simanjuntak \|publisher=Yayasan Pustaka Obor Indonesia \|year=1994 \|isbn=60-243-3148-7 \|page=149 \|language=id \|trans-title=Conflict of Status and Power of Toba Batak People: History of Batak}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book \|title=Sistim Gotong Royong Dalam Masyarakat Pedesaan Daerah Sumatera Utara \|author1=B.A. Simanjuntak \|author2=Hasmah Hasyim \|author3=A.W. Turnip \|author4=Jugat Purba \|author5=E.K. Siahaan \|publisher=Direktorat Jenderal Kebudayaan \|year=1979 \|page=25 \|language=id \|trans-title=Mutual Cooperation System in Rural Areas of North Sumatra}}</ref>		\| rels = • [[Christianity]] ([[Protestantism]] and [[Catholicism]]) 55.62%<br>• [[Sunni Islam]] 44.17%<br>• Traditional religions ([[Parmalim]], [[Pemena]], etc. 0.08%)<ref>{{Cite book \|title=Konflik Status dan Kekuasaan Orang Batak Toba: Bagian Sejarah batak \|last=Bungaran Antonius Simanjuntak \|publisher=Yayasan Pustaka Obor Indonesia \|year=1994 \|isbn=60-243-3148-7 \|page=149 \|language=id \|trans-title=Conflict of Status and Power of Toba Batak People: History of Batak}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book \|title=Sistim Gotong Royong Dalam Masyarakat Pedesaan Daerah Sumatera Utara \|author1=B.A. Simanjuntak \|author2=Hasmah Hasyim \|author3=A.W. Turnip \|author4=Jugat Purba \|author5=E.K. Siahaan \|publisher=Direktorat Jenderal Kebudayaan \|year=1979 \|page=25 \|language=id \|trans-title=Mutual Cooperation System in Rural Areas of North Sumatra}}</ref>
	\| related = {{ubl\|[[Austronesian peoples]]}}		\| related = {{ubl\|[[Austronesian peoples]]}}
	{{hlist\|item_style=font-size:90%;\|[[Nias people\|Nias]]\|[[Minangkabau people\|Minangkabau]]\|[[Malays (ethnic group)\|Malay]]}}		{{hlist\|item_style=font-size:90%;\|[[Nias people\|Nias]]\|[[Minangkabau people\|Minangkabau]]\|[[Malays (ethnic group)\|Malay]]}}