Bridge - Revision history

Blackbird1700: /* History */ Merged two sentences

2024-10-21T19:38:48Z

History: Merged two sentences

← Previous revision		Revision as of 19:38, 21 October 2024
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	The [[Arkadiko Bridge]] is one of four Mycenaean [[corbel arch]] bridges part of a former network of roads, designed to accommodate [[chariot]]s, between the fort of Tiryns and town of Epidauros in the [[Peloponnese]], in southern [[Greece]]. Dating to the Greek [[Bronze Age]] (13th century BC), it is one of the oldest [[arch bridge]]s still in existence and use. Several intact, arched stone bridges from the [[Hellenistic age\|Hellenistic era]] can be found in the Peloponnese.<ref>{{cite book\|author1=Kutz, Myer\|title=Handbook of Transportation Engineering, Volume II: Applications and Technologies, Second Edition\|year=2011\|publisher=McGraw-Hill Professional\|isbn=978-0-07-161477-1}}</ref>		The [[Arkadiko Bridge]] is one of four Mycenaean [[corbel arch]] bridges part of a former network of roads, designed to accommodate [[chariot]]s, between the fort of Tiryns and town of Epidauros in the [[Peloponnese]], in southern [[Greece]]. Dating to the Greek [[Bronze Age]] (13th century BC), it is one of the oldest [[arch bridge]]s still in existence and use. Several intact, arched stone bridges from the [[Hellenistic age\|Hellenistic era]] can be found in the Peloponnese.<ref>{{cite book\|author1=Kutz, Myer\|title=Handbook of Transportation Engineering, Volume II: Applications and Technologies, Second Edition\|year=2011\|publisher=McGraw-Hill Professional\|isbn=978-0-07-161477-1}}</ref>

	The greatest bridge builders of antiquity were the [[Roman Engineering\|ancient Romans]].<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.icomos.org/studies/bridges.htm \|author=DeLony, Eric \|title=Context for World Heritage Bridges \|publisher=Icomos.org \|year=1996 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050221084235/http://www.icomos.org/studies/bridges.htm \|archive-date=21 February 2005 }}</ref> The Romans built arch bridges and [[aqueduct (bridge)\|aqueducts]] that could stand in conditions that would damage or destroy earlier designs. ~~Some~~ stand today.<ref name=historyworld>{{cite web \|title=History of Bridges \|url=http://www.historyworld.net/wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=ab97 \|publisher=Historyworld.net \|access-date=4 January 2012 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120106101748/http://historyworld.net/wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=ab97 \|archive-date=6 January 2012}}</ref> An example is the [[Alcántara Bridge]], built over the river [[Tagus]], in Spain. The Romans also used cement, which reduced the variation of strength found in natural stone.<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.pubs.asce.org/WWWdisplay.cgi?0103045 \|title=Lessons from Roman Cement and Concrete \|publisher=Pubs.asce.org \|access-date=4 January 2012 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050210043706/http://www.pubs.asce.org/WWWdisplay.cgi?0103045 \|archive-date=10 February 2005 }}</ref> One type of cement, called [[pozzolana]], consisted of water, [[lime (material)\|lime]], sand, and [[volcanic rock]]. Brick and [[Mortar (masonry)\|mortar]] bridges were built after the [[Roman era]], as the technology for cement was lost (then later rediscovered).		The greatest bridge builders of antiquity were the [[Roman Engineering\|ancient Romans]].<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.icomos.org/studies/bridges.htm \|author=DeLony, Eric \|title=Context for World Heritage Bridges \|publisher=Icomos.org \|year=1996 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050221084235/http://www.icomos.org/studies/bridges.htm \|archive-date=21 February 2005 }}</ref> The Romans built arch bridges and [[aqueduct (bridge)\|aqueducts]] that could stand in conditions that would damage or destroy earlier designs, some of which still stand today.<ref name=historyworld>{{cite web \|title=History of Bridges \|url=http://www.historyworld.net/wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=ab97 \|publisher=Historyworld.net \|access-date=4 January 2012 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120106101748/http://historyworld.net/wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=ab97 \|archive-date=6 January 2012}}</ref> An example is the [[Alcántara Bridge]], built over the river [[Tagus]], in Spain. The Romans also used cement, which reduced the variation of strength found in natural stone.<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.pubs.asce.org/WWWdisplay.cgi?0103045 \|title=Lessons from Roman Cement and Concrete \|publisher=Pubs.asce.org \|access-date=4 January 2012 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050210043706/http://www.pubs.asce.org/WWWdisplay.cgi?0103045 \|archive-date=10 February 2005 }}</ref> One type of cement, called [[pozzolana]], consisted of water, [[lime (material)\|lime]], sand, and [[volcanic rock]]. Brick and [[Mortar (masonry)\|mortar]] bridges were built after the [[Roman era]], as the technology for cement was lost (then later rediscovered).

	In India, the ''[[Arthashastra]]'' treatise by [[Kautilya]] mentions the construction of dams and bridges.<ref>Dikshitar, V.R.R. Dikshitar (1993). ''The Mauryan Polity'', Motilal Banarsidass, p. 332 {{ISBN\|81-208-1023-6}}.</ref> A [[Mauryan]] bridge near [[Girnar]] was surveyed by [[James Prinsep\|James Princep]].<ref name=Dutt/> The bridge was swept away during a flood, and later repaired by Puspagupta, the chief architect of emperor [[Chandragupta I]].<ref name=Dutt>Dutt, Romesh Chunder (2000). ''A History of Civilisation in Ancient India: Vol II'', Routledge, p. 46, {{ISBN\|0-415-23188-4}}.</ref> The use of stronger bridges using plaited bamboo and iron chain was visible in India by about the 4th century.<ref>"suspension bridge" in [[Encyclopædia Britannica]] (2008). 2008 Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.</ref> A number of bridges, both for military and commercial purposes, were constructed by the [[Mughal Empire\|Mughal]] administration in India.<ref>Nath, R. (1982). ''History of Mughal Architecture'', Abhinav Publications, p. 213, {{ISBN\|81-7017-159-8}}.</ref>		In India, the ''[[Arthashastra]]'' treatise by [[Kautilya]] mentions the construction of dams and bridges.<ref>Dikshitar, V.R.R. Dikshitar (1993). ''The Mauryan Polity'', Motilal Banarsidass, p. 332 {{ISBN\|81-208-1023-6}}.</ref> A [[Mauryan]] bridge near [[Girnar]] was surveyed by [[James Prinsep\|James Princep]].<ref name=Dutt/> The bridge was swept away during a flood, and later repaired by Puspagupta, the chief architect of emperor [[Chandragupta I]].<ref name=Dutt>Dutt, Romesh Chunder (2000). ''A History of Civilisation in Ancient India: Vol II'', Routledge, p. 46, {{ISBN\|0-415-23188-4}}.</ref> The use of stronger bridges using plaited bamboo and iron chain was visible in India by about the 4th century.<ref>"suspension bridge" in [[Encyclopædia Britannica]] (2008). 2008 Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.</ref> A number of bridges, both for military and commercial purposes, were constructed by the [[Mughal Empire\|Mughal]] administration in India.<ref>Nath, R. (1982). ''History of Mughal Architecture'', Abhinav Publications, p. 213, {{ISBN\|81-7017-159-8}}.</ref>

185.13.50.185: /* Fixed or movable bridges */

2024-10-03T13:49:12Z

Fixed or movable bridges

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	===Fixed or movable bridges===		===Fixed or movable bridges===
	{{Redirect\|Fixed link\|other uses\|Intercontinental and transoceanic fixed links\|and\|Link (disambiguation)}}		{{Redirect\|Fixed link\|other uses\|Intercontinental and transoceanic fixed links\|and\|Link (disambiguation)}}
	[[File:AVLB 01.jpg\|thumb\|A ~~mobile~~ ~~tank~~ ~~bridge~~ ~~transporter~~ of the ~~[[United~~ ~~States Army\|U~~.~~S. Army]]~~]]		[[File:AVLB 01.jpg\|thumb\|Alvis Unipower TBT (Tank Bridge Transporter) of the British army.]]
	Most bridges are fixed bridges, meaning they have no moving parts and stay in one place until they fail or are demolished. Temporary bridges, such as [[Bailey bridge]]s, are designed to be assembled, taken apart, transported to a different site, and re-used. They are important in military engineering and are also used to carry traffic while an old bridge is being rebuilt. [[Movable bridge]]s are designed to move out of the way of boats or other kinds of traffic, which would otherwise be too tall to fit. These are generally electrically powered.<ref>{{Cite book\|last=Hovey\|first=Otis Ellis\|title=Movable bridges\|publisher=John Wiley & Sons, Inc.\|year=1927\|location=New York\|pages=1–2\|hdl=2027/mdp.39015068174518}}</ref>		Most bridges are fixed bridges, meaning they have no moving parts and stay in one place until they fail or are demolished. Temporary bridges, such as [[Bailey bridge]]s, are designed to be assembled, taken apart, transported to a different site, and re-used. They are important in military engineering and are also used to carry traffic while an old bridge is being rebuilt. [[Movable bridge]]s are designed to move out of the way of boats or other kinds of traffic, which would otherwise be too tall to fit. These are generally electrically powered.<ref>{{Cite book\|last=Hovey\|first=Otis Ellis\|title=Movable bridges\|publisher=John Wiley & Sons, Inc.\|year=1927\|location=New York\|pages=1–2\|hdl=2027/mdp.39015068174518}}</ref>

Thincat: /* top */ gr

2024-09-19T21:20:06Z

top: gr

← Previous revision		Revision as of 21:20, 19 September 2024
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	A '''bridge''' is a structure built to [[Span (engineering)\|span]] a physical obstacle (such as a [[body of water]], [[valley]], road, or railway) without blocking the path underneath. It is constructed for the purpose of providing passage over the obstacle, which is usually something that is otherwise difficult or impossible to cross. There are many different designs of bridges, each serving a particular purpose and applicable to different situations. Designs of bridges vary depending on factors such as the function of the bridge, the nature of the terrain where the bridge is constructed and anchored, the material used to make it, and the funds available to build it.		A '''bridge''' is a structure built to [[Span (engineering)\|span]] a physical obstacle (such as a [[body of water]], [[valley]], road, or railway) without blocking the path underneath. It is constructed for the purpose of providing passage over the obstacle, which is usually something that is otherwise difficult or impossible to cross. There are many different designs of bridges, each serving a particular purpose and applicable to different situations. Designs of bridges vary depending on factors such as the function of the bridge, the nature of the terrain where the bridge is constructed and anchored, the material used to make it, and the funds available to build it.

	The earliest bridges were likely made with fallen trees and [[stepping stones]]. The [[Neolithic]] people built [[boardwalk]] bridges across marshland. The [[Arkadiko Bridge]], dating from the 13th century BC, in the [[Peloponnese]] is one of the oldest [[arch bridge]]s in existence and ~~used~~.		The earliest bridges were likely made with fallen trees and [[stepping stones]]. The [[Neolithic]] people built [[boardwalk]] bridges across marshland. The [[Arkadiko Bridge]], dating from the 13th century BC, in the [[Peloponnese]] is one of the oldest [[arch bridge]]s in existence and use.

	==Etymology==		==Etymology==

Rsjaffe: clean up, typo(s) fixed: , → ,

2024-09-17T02:01:18Z

clean up, typo(s) fixed: , → ,

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Kingsmasher678: Reverted 1 edit by Lol meme man (talk) to last revision by Cassiopeia

2024-09-09T01:58:27Z

Reverted 1 edit by Lol meme man (talk) to last revision by Cassiopeia

← Previous revision		Revision as of 01:58, 9 September 2024
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	~~this is such a meme~~{{Short description\|Structure built to span physical obstacles}}		{{Short description\|Structure built to span physical obstacles}}
	{{about\|the structure\|the card game\|Contract bridge\|other uses\|Bridge (disambiguation)\|and\|Bridges (disambiguation)}}		{{about\|the structure\|the card game\|Contract bridge\|other uses\|Bridge (disambiguation)\|and\|Bridges (disambiguation)}}
	{{More citations needed\|date=July 2022}}		{{More citations needed\|date=July 2022}}

Lol meme man at 01:38, 9 September 2024

2024-09-09T01:38:30Z

← Previous revision		Revision as of 01:38, 9 September 2024
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	{{Short description\|Structure built to span physical obstacles}}		this is such a meme{{Short description\|Structure built to span physical obstacles}}
	{{about\|the structure\|the card game\|Contract bridge\|other uses\|Bridge (disambiguation)\|and\|Bridges (disambiguation)}}		{{about\|the structure\|the card game\|Contract bridge\|other uses\|Bridge (disambiguation)\|and\|Bridges (disambiguation)}}
	{{More citations needed\|date=July 2022}}		{{More citations needed\|date=July 2022}}

Cassiopeia: Reverted edits by Lol_meme_man (talk): editing tests (HG) (3.4.12)

2024-09-09T01:37:28Z

Reverted edits by Lol_meme_man (talk): editing tests (HG) (3.4.12)

← Previous revision		Revision as of 01:37, 9 September 2024
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	~~hello memers~~{{Short description\|Structure built to span physical obstacles}}		{{Short description\|Structure built to span physical obstacles}}
	{{about\|the structure\|the card game\|Contract bridge\|other uses\|Bridge (disambiguation)\|and\|Bridges (disambiguation)}}		{{about\|the structure\|the card game\|Contract bridge\|other uses\|Bridge (disambiguation)\|and\|Bridges (disambiguation)}}
	{{More citations needed\|date=July 2022}}		{{More citations needed\|date=July 2022}}

Lol meme man at 01:37, 9 September 2024

2024-09-09T01:37:03Z

← Previous revision		Revision as of 01:37, 9 September 2024
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	{{Short description\|Structure built to span physical obstacles}}		hello memers{{Short description\|Structure built to span physical obstacles}}
	{{about\|the structure\|the card game\|Contract bridge\|other uses\|Bridge (disambiguation)\|and\|Bridges (disambiguation)}}		{{about\|the structure\|the card game\|Contract bridge\|other uses\|Bridge (disambiguation)\|and\|Bridges (disambiguation)}}
	{{More citations needed\|date=July 2022}}		{{More citations needed\|date=July 2022}}

Tony1: Script-assisted style fixes, script-assisted date audit and style fixes per MOS:NUM, script-assisted date audit and style fixes per MOS:NUM

2024-08-30T08:25:26Z

Script-assisted style fixes, script-assisted date audit and style fixes per MOS:NUM, script-assisted date audit and style fixes per MOS:NUM

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Włodzimierz Lewoniewski (UEP): Enrichment of information source (DOI:10.1061/(ASCE)BE.1943-5592.0000110)

2024-08-13T03:05:23Z

Enrichment of information source (DOI:10.1061/(ASCE)BE.1943-5592.0000110)

← Previous revision		Revision as of 03:05, 13 August 2024
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	\|[[Beam bridges]] are horizontal beams supported at each end by substructure units and can be either ''[[simply supported]]'' when the beams only connect across a single span, or ''continuous'' when the beams are connected across two or more spans. When there are multiple spans, the intermediate supports are known as [[bridge pier\|piers]]. The earliest beam bridges were simple logs that sat across streams and similar simple structures. In modern times, beam bridges can range from small, wooden beams to large, steel boxes. The vertical force on the bridge becomes a [[Shear stress\|shear]] and [[Bending\|flexural]] load on the beam which is transferred down its length to the substructures on either side<ref name="beambridge">{{cite web \| url=http://www.design-technology.org/beambridges.htm \| title=Beam bridges \| publisher=Design Technology \| access-date=May 14, 2008 \| url-status=live \| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080518121256/http://www.design-technology.org/beambridges.htm \| archive-date=May 18, 2008 \| df=mdy-all }}</ref> They are typically made of steel, concrete or wood. [[Girder bridge]]s and [[plate girder bridge]]s, usually made from steel, are types of beam bridges. [[Box girder bridge]]s, made from steel, concrete, or both, are also beam bridges. Beam bridge spans rarely exceed {{convert\|250\|ft\|m}} long, as the flexural stresses increase proportionally to the square of the length (and deflection increases proportionally to the 4th power of the length).<ref>[http://www.engineersedge.com/beam_bending/beam_bending1.htm Structural Beam Deflection Stress Bending Equations / Calculation Supported on Both Ends Uniform Loading] {{webarchive\|url=https://archive.today/20130122060213/http://www.engineersedge.com/beam_bending/beam_bending1.htm \|date=January 22, 2013 }}. ''Engineers Edge''. Retrieved on April 23, 2013.</ref> However, the main span of the [[Rio–Niteroi Bridge]], a box girder bridge, is {{convert\|300\|m\|ft}}.{{citation needed\|date=May 2015}}		\|[[Beam bridges]] are horizontal beams supported at each end by substructure units and can be either ''[[simply supported]]'' when the beams only connect across a single span, or ''continuous'' when the beams are connected across two or more spans. When there are multiple spans, the intermediate supports are known as [[bridge pier\|piers]]. The earliest beam bridges were simple logs that sat across streams and similar simple structures. In modern times, beam bridges can range from small, wooden beams to large, steel boxes. The vertical force on the bridge becomes a [[Shear stress\|shear]] and [[Bending\|flexural]] load on the beam which is transferred down its length to the substructures on either side<ref name="beambridge">{{cite web \| url=http://www.design-technology.org/beambridges.htm \| title=Beam bridges \| publisher=Design Technology \| access-date=May 14, 2008 \| url-status=live \| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080518121256/http://www.design-technology.org/beambridges.htm \| archive-date=May 18, 2008 \| df=mdy-all }}</ref> They are typically made of steel, concrete or wood. [[Girder bridge]]s and [[plate girder bridge]]s, usually made from steel, are types of beam bridges. [[Box girder bridge]]s, made from steel, concrete, or both, are also beam bridges. Beam bridge spans rarely exceed {{convert\|250\|ft\|m}} long, as the flexural stresses increase proportionally to the square of the length (and deflection increases proportionally to the 4th power of the length).<ref>[http://www.engineersedge.com/beam_bending/beam_bending1.htm Structural Beam Deflection Stress Bending Equations / Calculation Supported on Both Ends Uniform Loading] {{webarchive\|url=https://archive.today/20130122060213/http://www.engineersedge.com/beam_bending/beam_bending1.htm \|date=January 22, 2013 }}. ''Engineers Edge''. Retrieved on April 23, 2013.</ref> However, the main span of the [[Rio–Niteroi Bridge]], a box girder bridge, is {{convert\|300\|m\|ft}}.{{citation needed\|date=May 2015}}

	The world's longest beam bridge is [[Lake Pontchartrain Causeway]] in southern [[Louisiana]] in the United States, at {{convert\|23.83\|mi\|km}}, with individual spans of {{convert\|56\|ft\|m}}.<ref>{{cite magazine\|date=May 28, 1956\|title=A big prefabricated bridge\|magazine=[[Life (magazine)\|Life]]\|volume=40\|issue=22\|pages=53–60}}</ref> Beam bridges are the simplest and oldest type of bridge in use today,<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.asceville.org/cw_bridges_explore.html\|title=Civil What?!: Explore Bridges\|website=ASCEville \|access-date=February 2, 2017\|url-status=live\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170203161112/http://www.asceville.org/cw_bridges_explore.html\|archive-date=February 3, 2017}}</ref> and are a popular type.<ref>{{Cite journal\|title=Forensic Examination of a Noncomposite Adjacent Precast Prestressed Concrete Box Beam Bridge\|journal=Journal of Bridge Engineering\|volume=15\|issue=4\|doi=10.1061/(ASCE)BE.1943-5592.0000110\|year=2010\|pages=408–418 \| last1 = Naito \| first1 = Clay \| last2 = Sause \| first2 = Richard \| last3 = Hodgson \| first3 = Ian \| last4 = Pessiki \| first4 = Stephen \| last5 = Macioce \| first5 = Thomas}}</ref>		The world's longest beam bridge is [[Lake Pontchartrain Causeway]] in southern [[Louisiana]] in the United States, at {{convert\|23.83\|mi\|km}}, with individual spans of {{convert\|56\|ft\|m}}.<ref>{{cite magazine\|date=May 28, 1956\|title=A big prefabricated bridge\|magazine=[[Life (magazine)\|Life]]\|volume=40\|issue=22\|pages=53–60}}</ref> Beam bridges are the simplest and oldest type of bridge in use today,<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.asceville.org/cw_bridges_explore.html\|title=Civil What?!: Explore Bridges\|website=ASCEville \|access-date=February 2, 2017\|url-status=live\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170203161112/http://www.asceville.org/cw_bridges_explore.html\|archive-date=February 3, 2017}}</ref> and are a popular type.<ref>{{Cite journal\|title=Forensic Examination of a Noncomposite Adjacent Precast Prestressed Concrete Box Beam Bridge\|journal=Journal of Bridge Engineering\|volume=15\|issue=4\|doi=10.1061/(ASCE)BE.1943-5592.0000110\|year=2010\|pages=408–418 \| last1 = Naito \| first1 = Clay \| last2 = Sause \| first2 = Richard \| last3 = Hodgson \| first3 = Ian \| last4 = Pessiki \| first4 = Stephen \| last5 = Macioce \| first5 = Thomas\|issn=1084-0702 }}</ref>
	\|-		\|-
	\| style="text-align:center;"\|[[File:TrussBridge-diagram.svg\|200px]]'''Truss bridge'''		\| style="text-align:center;"\|[[File:TrussBridge-diagram.svg\|200px]]'''Truss bridge'''

← Previous revision		Revision as of 19:38, 21 October 2024
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	The [[Arkadiko Bridge]] is one of four Mycenaean [[corbel arch]] bridges part of a former network of roads, designed to accommodate [[chariot]]s, between the fort of Tiryns and town of Epidauros in the [[Peloponnese]], in southern [[Greece]]. Dating to the Greek [[Bronze Age]] (13th century BC), it is one of the oldest [[arch bridge]]s still in existence and use. Several intact, arched stone bridges from the [[Hellenistic age\|Hellenistic era]] can be found in the Peloponnese.<ref>{{cite book\|author1=Kutz, Myer\|title=Handbook of Transportation Engineering, Volume II: Applications and Technologies, Second Edition\|year=2011\|publisher=McGraw-Hill Professional\|isbn=978-0-07-161477-1}}</ref>		The [[Arkadiko Bridge]] is one of four Mycenaean [[corbel arch]] bridges part of a former network of roads, designed to accommodate [[chariot]]s, between the fort of Tiryns and town of Epidauros in the [[Peloponnese]], in southern [[Greece]]. Dating to the Greek [[Bronze Age]] (13th century BC), it is one of the oldest [[arch bridge]]s still in existence and use. Several intact, arched stone bridges from the [[Hellenistic age\|Hellenistic era]] can be found in the Peloponnese.<ref>{{cite book\|author1=Kutz, Myer\|title=Handbook of Transportation Engineering, Volume II: Applications and Technologies, Second Edition\|year=2011\|publisher=McGraw-Hill Professional\|isbn=978-0-07-161477-1}}</ref>

	The greatest bridge builders of antiquity were the [[Roman Engineering\|ancient Romans]].<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.icomos.org/studies/bridges.htm \|author=DeLony, Eric \|title=Context for World Heritage Bridges \|publisher=Icomos.org \|year=1996 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050221084235/http://www.icomos.org/studies/bridges.htm \|archive-date=21 February 2005 }}</ref> The Romans built arch bridges and [[aqueduct (bridge)\|aqueducts]] that could stand in conditions that would damage or destroy earlier designs. ~~Some~~ stand today.<ref name=historyworld>{{cite web \|title=History of Bridges \|url=http://www.historyworld.net/wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=ab97 \|publisher=Historyworld.net \|access-date=4 January 2012 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120106101748/http://historyworld.net/wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=ab97 \|archive-date=6 January 2012}}</ref> An example is the [[Alcántara Bridge]], built over the river [[Tagus]], in Spain. The Romans also used cement, which reduced the variation of strength found in natural stone.<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.pubs.asce.org/WWWdisplay.cgi?0103045 \|title=Lessons from Roman Cement and Concrete \|publisher=Pubs.asce.org \|access-date=4 January 2012 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050210043706/http://www.pubs.asce.org/WWWdisplay.cgi?0103045 \|archive-date=10 February 2005 }}</ref> One type of cement, called [[pozzolana]], consisted of water, [[lime (material)\|lime]], sand, and [[volcanic rock]]. Brick and [[Mortar (masonry)\|mortar]] bridges were built after the [[Roman era]], as the technology for cement was lost (then later rediscovered).		The greatest bridge builders of antiquity were the [[Roman Engineering\|ancient Romans]].<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.icomos.org/studies/bridges.htm \|author=DeLony, Eric \|title=Context for World Heritage Bridges \|publisher=Icomos.org \|year=1996 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050221084235/http://www.icomos.org/studies/bridges.htm \|archive-date=21 February 2005 }}</ref> The Romans built arch bridges and [[aqueduct (bridge)\|aqueducts]] that could stand in conditions that would damage or destroy earlier designs, some of which still stand today.<ref name=historyworld>{{cite web \|title=History of Bridges \|url=http://www.historyworld.net/wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=ab97 \|publisher=Historyworld.net \|access-date=4 January 2012 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120106101748/http://historyworld.net/wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=ab97 \|archive-date=6 January 2012}}</ref> An example is the [[Alcántara Bridge]], built over the river [[Tagus]], in Spain. The Romans also used cement, which reduced the variation of strength found in natural stone.<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.pubs.asce.org/WWWdisplay.cgi?0103045 \|title=Lessons from Roman Cement and Concrete \|publisher=Pubs.asce.org \|access-date=4 January 2012 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050210043706/http://www.pubs.asce.org/WWWdisplay.cgi?0103045 \|archive-date=10 February 2005 }}</ref> One type of cement, called [[pozzolana]], consisted of water, [[lime (material)\|lime]], sand, and [[volcanic rock]]. Brick and [[Mortar (masonry)\|mortar]] bridges were built after the [[Roman era]], as the technology for cement was lost (then later rediscovered).

	In India, the ''[[Arthashastra]]'' treatise by [[Kautilya]] mentions the construction of dams and bridges.<ref>Dikshitar, V.R.R. Dikshitar (1993). ''The Mauryan Polity'', Motilal Banarsidass, p. 332 {{ISBN\|81-208-1023-6}}.</ref> A [[Mauryan]] bridge near [[Girnar]] was surveyed by [[James Prinsep\|James Princep]].<ref name=Dutt/> The bridge was swept away during a flood, and later repaired by Puspagupta, the chief architect of emperor [[Chandragupta I]].<ref name=Dutt>Dutt, Romesh Chunder (2000). ''A History of Civilisation in Ancient India: Vol II'', Routledge, p. 46, {{ISBN\|0-415-23188-4}}.</ref> The use of stronger bridges using plaited bamboo and iron chain was visible in India by about the 4th century.<ref>"suspension bridge" in [[Encyclopædia Britannica]] (2008). 2008 Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.</ref> A number of bridges, both for military and commercial purposes, were constructed by the [[Mughal Empire\|Mughal]] administration in India.<ref>Nath, R. (1982). ''History of Mughal Architecture'', Abhinav Publications, p. 213, {{ISBN\|81-7017-159-8}}.</ref>		In India, the ''[[Arthashastra]]'' treatise by [[Kautilya]] mentions the construction of dams and bridges.<ref>Dikshitar, V.R.R. Dikshitar (1993). ''The Mauryan Polity'', Motilal Banarsidass, p. 332 {{ISBN\|81-208-1023-6}}.</ref> A [[Mauryan]] bridge near [[Girnar]] was surveyed by [[James Prinsep\|James Princep]].<ref name=Dutt/> The bridge was swept away during a flood, and later repaired by Puspagupta, the chief architect of emperor [[Chandragupta I]].<ref name=Dutt>Dutt, Romesh Chunder (2000). ''A History of Civilisation in Ancient India: Vol II'', Routledge, p. 46, {{ISBN\|0-415-23188-4}}.</ref> The use of stronger bridges using plaited bamboo and iron chain was visible in India by about the 4th century.<ref>"suspension bridge" in [[Encyclopædia Britannica]] (2008). 2008 Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.</ref> A number of bridges, both for military and commercial purposes, were constructed by the [[Mughal Empire\|Mughal]] administration in India.<ref>Nath, R. (1982). ''History of Mughal Architecture'', Abhinav Publications, p. 213, {{ISBN\|81-7017-159-8}}.</ref>

← Previous revision		Revision as of 01:58, 9 September 2024
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	~~this is such a meme~~{{Short description\|Structure built to span physical obstacles}}		{{Short description\|Structure built to span physical obstacles}}
	{{about\|the structure\|the card game\|Contract bridge\|other uses\|Bridge (disambiguation)\|and\|Bridges (disambiguation)}}		{{about\|the structure\|the card game\|Contract bridge\|other uses\|Bridge (disambiguation)\|and\|Bridges (disambiguation)}}
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← Previous revision		Revision as of 01:38, 9 September 2024
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	{{Short description\|Structure built to span physical obstacles}}		this is such a meme{{Short description\|Structure built to span physical obstacles}}
	{{about\|the structure\|the card game\|Contract bridge\|other uses\|Bridge (disambiguation)\|and\|Bridges (disambiguation)}}		{{about\|the structure\|the card game\|Contract bridge\|other uses\|Bridge (disambiguation)\|and\|Bridges (disambiguation)}}
	{{More citations needed\|date=July 2022}}		{{More citations needed\|date=July 2022}}

← Previous revision		Revision as of 01:37, 9 September 2024
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	~~hello memers~~{{Short description\|Structure built to span physical obstacles}}		{{Short description\|Structure built to span physical obstacles}}
	{{about\|the structure\|the card game\|Contract bridge\|other uses\|Bridge (disambiguation)\|and\|Bridges (disambiguation)}}		{{about\|the structure\|the card game\|Contract bridge\|other uses\|Bridge (disambiguation)\|and\|Bridges (disambiguation)}}
	{{More citations needed\|date=July 2022}}		{{More citations needed\|date=July 2022}}

← Previous revision		Revision as of 01:37, 9 September 2024
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	{{Short description\|Structure built to span physical obstacles}}		hello memers{{Short description\|Structure built to span physical obstacles}}
	{{about\|the structure\|the card game\|Contract bridge\|other uses\|Bridge (disambiguation)\|and\|Bridges (disambiguation)}}		{{about\|the structure\|the card game\|Contract bridge\|other uses\|Bridge (disambiguation)\|and\|Bridges (disambiguation)}}
	{{More citations needed\|date=July 2022}}		{{More citations needed\|date=July 2022}}