Charcoal pile - Revision history

HLHJ: /* Literature */ English-language source with useful terms, see talk for list

2024-10-16T15:42:48Z

Literature: English-language source with useful terms, see talk for list

← Previous revision		Revision as of 15:42, 16 October 2024
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	* Hildebrandt, H., Heuser-Hildebrandt, B. and Stumböck, M.(2001): Bestandsgeschichtliche und kulturlandschaftsgenetische Untersuchungen im Naturwaldreservat Stelzenbach, Forstamt Nassau, Revier Winden. Mainzer Naturwissenschaftliches Archiv, Beiheft 25, 83 S., Mainz.		* Hildebrandt, H., Heuser-Hildebrandt, B. and Stumböck, M.(2001): Bestandsgeschichtliche und kulturlandschaftsgenetische Untersuchungen im Naturwaldreservat Stelzenbach, Forstamt Nassau, Revier Winden. Mainzer Naturwissenschaftliches Archiv, Beiheft 25, 83 S., Mainz.
	* {{cite book \|last=Mezler \|first=Johann Bendikt \|year=1788 \|chapter=Staat- und Pflichtvorhaltung eines Kohlenmeisters bei einem Eisenwerk \|trans-chapter=State and Occupational Duties of a Master Coalman at an Ironworks \|title=Forst und Jagdbibliothek oder nüzliche Aufsäze, Bemerkungen und Verordnungen etc. das gesammte wirthschaftliche Forst-Jagd-Holz- und Floz-Wesen betreffend \|url={{Google Books\| id=8dU6AAAAcAAJ\|page=36\|plainurl=yes}} \|location=Stuttgart}}. A continuation of the general forestry magazine. Part One.		* {{cite book \|last=Mezler \|first=Johann Bendikt \|year=1788 \|chapter=Staat- und Pflichtvorhaltung eines Kohlenmeisters bei einem Eisenwerk \|trans-chapter=State and Occupational Duties of a Master Coalman at an Ironworks \|title=Forst und Jagdbibliothek oder nüzliche Aufsäze, Bemerkungen und Verordnungen etc. das gesammte wirthschaftliche Forst-Jagd-Holz- und Floz-Wesen betreffend \|url={{Google Books\| id=8dU6AAAAcAAJ\|page=36\|plainurl=yes}} \|location=Stuttgart}}. A continuation of the general forestry magazine. Part One.
			* Seymour, John (1984). The forgotten crafts (First American ed.). New York. ISBN 0394539567.

	== External links ==		== External links ==

HLHJ: /* External links */ fix commons link

2024-10-16T15:27:23Z

External links: fix commons link

← Previous revision		Revision as of 15:27, 16 October 2024
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	== External links ==		== External links ==
	{{~~Commons~~\|Charcoal clamps\|Charcoal pile}}		{{Commonscat\|Charcoal clamps\|Charcoal pile}}
	* [http://www.europkoehler.com/ European Charcoal Burners' Society]		* [http://www.europkoehler.com/ European Charcoal Burners' Society]
	* [http://www.waldmuenchen.de/kohlenmeiler.html Annual charcoal piles]		* [http://www.waldmuenchen.de/kohlenmeiler.html Annual charcoal piles]

ScottyFresch: /* Operation */ Reworded a sentence.

2024-05-23T13:55:31Z

Operation: Reworded a sentence.

← Previous revision		Revision as of 13:55, 23 May 2024
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	On top of this an airtight roof is constructed of dry [[fir]] branches, leaves, hay or straw, or alternatively of [[grass]], vegetation and [[moss]]. Finally the pile is sealed airtight with a mix of ash and charcoal pieces (possibly known as 'culm' or 'brusque'; German: ''Lösche, Stübbe, Stibbe'' or ''Gestübe'') and earth, with the exception of the central chimney. A support made of logs and planks is then built round the base of the pile. Then the pile is ignited via the chimney which is then also sealed.		On top of this an airtight roof is constructed of dry [[fir]] branches, leaves, hay or straw, or alternatively of [[grass]], vegetation and [[moss]]. Finally the pile is sealed airtight with a mix of ash and charcoal pieces (possibly known as 'culm' or 'brusque'; German: ''Lösche, Stübbe, Stibbe'' or ''Gestübe'') and earth, with the exception of the central chimney. A support made of logs and planks is then built round the base of the pile. Then the pile is ignited via the chimney which is then also sealed.

	A sure sign that the charring has started is the so-called 'knocking' of the pile. ~~The strong~~ ~~heating~~ ~~leads~~ to [[~~wood gas~~]] [[~~deflagration~~]] which, if the covering of the pile is too strong, to an [[explosion]]. At the top as well as at the foot of the pile, individual holes are made in the surface, by means of which the fire in the pile is regulated. Under this blanket, incineration is conducted with carefully regulated air access in such a way that, if possible, no more wood burns than is absolutely necessary to heat the entire wood mass to the charring temperature. The wood must char, not burn, inside the pile; air being let in through the small holes so that no fire can start. But it creates a lot of heat and the water evaporates, tar condenses on the green roof, the smoke is yellowish-white and odourless.<ref name="Wolf"/> The heat of the smouldering wood inside the pile drives all liquid and organic components out of the wood as smoke.		A sure sign that the charring has started is the so-called 'knocking' of the pile; the intense heat causes [[deflagration]] of [[wood gas]] which, if the covering of the pile is too strong, can lead to an [[explosion]]. At the top as well as at the foot of the pile, individual holes are made in the surface, by means of which the fire in the pile is regulated. Under this blanket, incineration is conducted with carefully regulated air access in such a way that, if possible, no more wood burns than is absolutely necessary to heat the entire wood mass to the charring temperature. The wood must char, not burn, inside the pile; air being let in through the small holes so that no fire can start. But it creates a lot of heat and the water evaporates, tar condenses on the green roof, the smoke is yellowish-white and odourless.<ref name="Wolf"/> The heat of the smouldering wood inside the pile drives all liquid and organic components out of the wood as smoke.

	The job of the [[charcoal burner]] at this stage is to neither let the pile go out nor to let it burn down as a result of too much air over the following days or weeks (depending on the size of the pile and the weather). To do this, he drills and closes the air holes. Essentially, only the gases and vapours that develop from the heated wood should burn. By observing the smoke and its colour, the charcoal burner knows whether there is too much or too little air. The colour of the smoke that escapes indicates whether charring is complete. If the smoke is white and dense, the wood is not yet charred. If it is light, almost transparent and slightly bluish, the wood is charred. The air holes are now moved further down in order to also draw the fire into the lower areas of the kiln. Each time the draft holes are moved, the smoke colour changes, the kiln charred from top to bottom. As the charring progresses, the kiln slowly sinks in.		The job of the [[charcoal burner]] at this stage is to neither let the pile go out nor to let it burn down as a result of too much air over the following days or weeks (depending on the size of the pile and the weather). To do this, he drills and closes the air holes. Essentially, only the gases and vapours that develop from the heated wood should burn. By observing the smoke and its colour, the charcoal burner knows whether there is too much or too little air. The colour of the smoke that escapes indicates whether charring is complete. If the smoke is white and dense, the wood is not yet charred. If it is light, almost transparent and slightly bluish, the wood is charred. The air holes are now moved further down in order to also draw the fire into the lower areas of the kiln. Each time the draft holes are moved, the smoke colour changes, the kiln charred from top to bottom. As the charring progresses, the kiln slowly sinks in.

Quercus solaris at 03:56, 27 February 2024

2024-02-27T03:56:04Z

← Previous revision		Revision as of 03:56, 27 February 2024
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	== History ==		== History ==
	Since [[Ancient history\|antiquity]], charcoal piles have been used to make [[charcoal]]. Charcoal is much lighter than natural [[timber]] and therefore easier to transport. In addition, charcoal generates much more heat. Charcoal production was therefore an important part of the [[economy]] in [[Early Modern Times\|early modern times]]. At that time, charcoal was the only fuel that could generate the heat necessary for [[iron smelting]]. In the late 18th century, it is recorded that the duties of a master coalman at an [[ironworks]] were not only to ensure the supply of charcoal and to supervise charcoal burners and their assistants, but also to visit frequently the charcoal clearings (''Kohlhäue'') i.e. those parts of the forest used to produce charcoal.{{sfn\|Mezler\|1788\|p=36}}		Since [[Ancient history\|antiquity]], charcoal piles have been used [[charcoal#Production methods\|to make charcoal]]. Charcoal is much lighter than natural [[timber]] and therefore easier to transport. In addition, charcoal generates much more heat. Charcoal production was therefore an important part of the [[economy]] in [[Early Modern Times\|early modern times]]. At that time, charcoal was the only fuel that could generate the heat necessary for [[iron smelting]]. In the late 18th century, it is recorded that the duties of a master coalman at an [[ironworks]] were not only to ensure the supply of charcoal and to supervise charcoal burners and their assistants, but also to visit frequently the charcoal clearings (''Kohlhäue'') i.e. those parts of the forest used to produce charcoal.{{sfn\|Mezler\|1788\|p=36}}

	In 1713, a process was invented for producing [[Coke (fuel)\|coke]] suitable for blast furnaces from [[hard coal]] (stone coal). From then on, the consumption of the more expensive charcoal decreased steadily despite increasing iron production. From the 17th century onwards, pitch furnaces were increasingly used and in the 19th century [[retort]]s were also employed. As a result, fewer and fewer charcoal piles were used. The gradual decline of charcoal began in the 19th century, when hard coal practically replaced charcoal and later also town gas and electricity became more important. The [[Second World War]] triggered a strong demand for charcoal again. At that time, [[motor vehicle]]s were also powered by wood or charcoal.		In 1713, a process was invented for producing [[Coke (fuel)\|coke]] suitable for blast furnaces from [[hard coal]] (stone coal). From then on, the consumption of the more expensive charcoal decreased steadily despite increasing iron production. From the 17th century onwards, pitch furnaces were increasingly used and in the 19th century [[retort]]s were also employed. As a result, fewer and fewer charcoal piles were used. The gradual decline of charcoal began in the 19th century, when hard coal practically replaced charcoal and later also town gas and electricity became more important. The [[Second World War]] triggered a strong demand for charcoal again. At that time, [[motor vehicle]]s were also powered by wood or charcoal.

ELApro: /* History */minor link

2023-05-04T16:06:32Z

History: minor link

← Previous revision		Revision as of 16:06, 4 May 2023
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	Since [[Ancient history\|antiquity]], charcoal piles have been used to make [[charcoal]]. Charcoal is much lighter than natural [[timber]] and therefore easier to transport. In addition, charcoal generates much more heat. Charcoal production was therefore an important part of the [[economy]] in [[Early Modern Times\|early modern times]]. At that time, charcoal was the only fuel that could generate the heat necessary for [[iron smelting]]. In the late 18th century, it is recorded that the duties of a master coalman at an [[ironworks]] were not only to ensure the supply of charcoal and to supervise charcoal burners and their assistants, but also to visit frequently the charcoal clearings (''Kohlhäue'') i.e. those parts of the forest used to produce charcoal.{{sfn\|Mezler\|1788\|p=36}}		Since [[Ancient history\|antiquity]], charcoal piles have been used to make [[charcoal]]. Charcoal is much lighter than natural [[timber]] and therefore easier to transport. In addition, charcoal generates much more heat. Charcoal production was therefore an important part of the [[economy]] in [[Early Modern Times\|early modern times]]. At that time, charcoal was the only fuel that could generate the heat necessary for [[iron smelting]]. In the late 18th century, it is recorded that the duties of a master coalman at an [[ironworks]] were not only to ensure the supply of charcoal and to supervise charcoal burners and their assistants, but also to visit frequently the charcoal clearings (''Kohlhäue'') i.e. those parts of the forest used to produce charcoal.{{sfn\|Mezler\|1788\|p=36}}

	In 1713, a process was invented for producing [[Coke (fuel)\|coke]] suitable for blast furnaces from [[hard coal]] (stone coal). From then on, the consumption of the more expensive charcoal decreased steadily despite increasing iron production. From the 17th century onwards, pitch furnaces were increasingly used and in the 19th century ~~retorts~~ were also employed. As a result, fewer and fewer charcoal piles were used. The gradual decline of charcoal began in the 19th century, when hard coal practically replaced charcoal and later also town gas and electricity became more important. The [[Second World War]] triggered a strong demand for charcoal again. At that time, [[motor vehicle]]s were also powered by wood or charcoal.		In 1713, a process was invented for producing [[Coke (fuel)\|coke]] suitable for blast furnaces from [[hard coal]] (stone coal). From then on, the consumption of the more expensive charcoal decreased steadily despite increasing iron production. From the 17th century onwards, pitch furnaces were increasingly used and in the 19th century [[retort]]s were also employed. As a result, fewer and fewer charcoal piles were used. The gradual decline of charcoal began in the 19th century, when hard coal practically replaced charcoal and later also town gas and electricity became more important. The [[Second World War]] triggered a strong demand for charcoal again. At that time, [[motor vehicle]]s were also powered by wood or charcoal.

	Today it is of no particular economic importance, in particular due to the loss of [[wood gas]]es during charcoal production, the [[calorific value]] yield from wood is extremely low. Charcoal burning is still used only for traditional reasons and for some special applications of charcoal.		Today it is of no particular economic importance, in particular due to the loss of [[wood gas]]es during charcoal production, the [[calorific value]] yield from wood is extremely low. Charcoal burning is still used only for traditional reasons and for some special applications of charcoal.

Bermicourt: Undid revision 1109547796 by Jpgordon (talk) rv good faith edit; the original German words were retained because they are unusual and archaic and may thus not have been translated accurately. Happy to discuss.

2022-09-10T15:43:58Z

Undid revision 1109547796 by Jpgordon (talk) rv good faith edit; the original German words were retained because they are unusual and archaic and may thus not have been translated accurately. Happy to discuss.

← Previous revision		Revision as of 15:43, 10 September 2022
Line 4:		Line 4:

	== History ==		== History ==
	Since [[Ancient history\|antiquity]], charcoal piles have been used to make [[charcoal]]. Charcoal is much lighter than natural [[timber]] and therefore easier to transport. In addition, charcoal generates much more heat. Charcoal production was therefore an important part of the [[economy]] in [[Early Modern Times\|early modern times]]. At that time, charcoal was the only fuel that could generate the heat necessary for [[iron smelting]]. In the late 18th century, it is recorded that the duties of a master coalman at an [[ironworks]] were not only to ensure the supply of charcoal and to supervise charcoal burners and their assistants, but also to visit frequently the charcoal clearings, i.e. those parts of the forest used to produce charcoal.{{sfn\|Mezler\|1788\|p=36}}		Since [[Ancient history\|antiquity]], charcoal piles have been used to make [[charcoal]]. Charcoal is much lighter than natural [[timber]] and therefore easier to transport. In addition, charcoal generates much more heat. Charcoal production was therefore an important part of the [[economy]] in [[Early Modern Times\|early modern times]]. At that time, charcoal was the only fuel that could generate the heat necessary for [[iron smelting]]. In the late 18th century, it is recorded that the duties of a master coalman at an [[ironworks]] were not only to ensure the supply of charcoal and to supervise charcoal burners and their assistants, but also to visit frequently the charcoal clearings (''Kohlhäue'') i.e. those parts of the forest used to produce charcoal.{{sfn\|Mezler\|1788\|p=36}}

	In 1713, a process was invented for producing [[Coke (fuel)\|coke]] suitable for blast furnaces from [[hard coal]] (stone coal). From then on, the consumption of the more expensive charcoal decreased steadily despite increasing iron production. From the 17th century onwards, pitch furnaces were increasingly used and in the 19th century retorts were also employed. As a result, fewer and fewer charcoal piles were used. The gradual decline of charcoal began in the 19th century, when hard coal practically replaced charcoal and later also town gas and electricity became more important. The [[Second World War]] triggered a strong demand for charcoal again. At that time, [[motor vehicle]]s were also powered by wood or charcoal.		In 1713, a process was invented for producing [[Coke (fuel)\|coke]] suitable for blast furnaces from [[hard coal]] (stone coal). From then on, the consumption of the more expensive charcoal decreased steadily despite increasing iron production. From the 17th century onwards, pitch furnaces were increasingly used and in the 19th century retorts were also employed. As a result, fewer and fewer charcoal piles were used. The gradual decline of charcoal began in the 19th century, when hard coal practically replaced charcoal and later also town gas and electricity became more important. The [[Second World War]] triggered a strong demand for charcoal again. At that time, [[motor vehicle]]s were also powered by wood or charcoal.
Line 13:		Line 13:
	[[File:Köhlerei im Kermeter - Teil 1 Aufbau eines Kohlemeilers (Kurzfassung).webm\|thumb\|Video, part 1: construction of a charcoal pile (commentary in German)]]		[[File:Köhlerei im Kermeter - Teil 1 Aufbau eines Kohlemeilers (Kurzfassung).webm\|thumb\|Video, part 1: construction of a charcoal pile (commentary in German)]]
	[[File:Köhlerei im Kermeter - Teil 2 - Brennen und Ausräumen eines Kohlemeilers (Kurzfassung).webm\|thumb\|Video, part 2: burning and clearing of a charcoal pile (commentary in German)]]		[[File:Köhlerei im Kermeter - Teil 2 - Brennen und Ausräumen eines Kohlemeilers (Kurzfassung).webm\|thumb\|Video, part 2: burning and clearing of a charcoal pile (commentary in German)]]
	In order to produce charcoal, water and the volatile components of the wood have to [[evaporate]]. At the charcoal burning site, which is located where possible near a body of water so that it can be extinguished later, the wood pile is built in approximately [[hemispherical]] or [[cone (geometry)\|conical]] piles, using short [[Scheitholz\|logs]], mostly one-metre long, in even fashion (standing or lying down), around the central chimney. A bank of ash and earth can be built all round the pile.		In order to produce charcoal, water and the volatile components of the wood have to [[evaporate]].
			At the charcoal burning site, which is located where possible near a body of water so that it can be extinguished later, the wood pile is built in approximately [[hemispherical]] or [[cone (geometry)\|conical]] piles, using short [[Scheitholz\|logs]], mostly one-metre long, in even fashion (standing or lying down), around the central chimney (''Quandel''). A bank of ash and earth (''Stübbewall'') can be built all round the pile.

	On top of this an airtight roof is constructed of dry [[fir]] branches, leaves, hay or straw, or alternatively of [[grass]], vegetation and [[moss]]. Finally the pile is sealed airtight with a mix of ash and charcoal pieces and earth, with the exception of the central chimney. A support made of logs and planks is then built round the base of the pile. Then the pile is ignited via the chimney which is then also sealed.		On top of this an airtight roof is constructed of dry [[fir]] branches, leaves, hay or straw, or alternatively of [[grass]], vegetation and [[moss]]. Finally the pile is sealed airtight with a mix of ash and charcoal pieces (possibly known as 'culm' or 'brusque'; German: ''Lösche, Stübbe, Stibbe'' or ''Gestübe'') and earth, with the exception of the central chimney. A support made of logs and planks is then built round the base of the pile. Then the pile is ignited via the chimney which is then also sealed.

	A sure sign that the charring has started is the so-called 'knocking' of the pile. The strong heating leads to [[wood gas]] [[deflagration]] which, if the covering of the pile is too strong, to an [[explosion]]. At the top as well as at the foot of the pile, individual holes are made in the surface, by means of which the fire in the pile is regulated. Under this blanket, incineration is conducted with carefully regulated air access in such a way that, if possible, no more wood burns than is absolutely necessary to heat the entire wood mass to the charring temperature. The wood must char, not burn, inside the pile; air being let in through the small holes so that no fire can start. But it creates a lot of heat and the water evaporates, tar condenses on the green roof, the smoke is yellowish-white and odourless.<ref name="Wolf"/> The heat of the smouldering wood inside the pile drives all liquid and organic components out of the wood as smoke.		A sure sign that the charring has started is the so-called 'knocking' of the pile. The strong heating leads to [[wood gas]] [[deflagration]] which, if the covering of the pile is too strong, to an [[explosion]]. At the top as well as at the foot of the pile, individual holes are made in the surface, by means of which the fire in the pile is regulated. Under this blanket, incineration is conducted with carefully regulated air access in such a way that, if possible, no more wood burns than is absolutely necessary to heat the entire wood mass to the charring temperature. The wood must char, not burn, inside the pile; air being let in through the small holes so that no fire can start. But it creates a lot of heat and the water evaporates, tar condenses on the green roof, the smoke is yellowish-white and odourless.<ref name="Wolf"/> The heat of the smouldering wood inside the pile drives all liquid and organic components out of the wood as smoke.

Jpgordon: remove peculiar and unnecessary and sometimes correct translations

2022-09-10T14:32:38Z

remove peculiar and unnecessary and sometimes correct translations

← Previous revision		Revision as of 14:32, 10 September 2022
Line 4:		Line 4:

	== History ==		== History ==
	Since [[Ancient history\|antiquity]], charcoal piles have been used to make [[charcoal]]. Charcoal is much lighter than natural [[timber]] and therefore easier to transport. In addition, charcoal generates much more heat. Charcoal production was therefore an important part of the [[economy]] in [[Early Modern Times\|early modern times]]. At that time, charcoal was the only fuel that could generate the heat necessary for [[iron smelting]]. In the late 18th century, it is recorded that the duties of a master coalman at an [[ironworks]] were not only to ensure the supply of charcoal and to supervise charcoal burners and their assistants, but also to visit frequently the charcoal clearings ~~(''Kohlhäue'')~~ i.e. those parts of the forest used to produce charcoal.{{sfn\|Mezler\|1788\|p=36}}		Since [[Ancient history\|antiquity]], charcoal piles have been used to make [[charcoal]]. Charcoal is much lighter than natural [[timber]] and therefore easier to transport. In addition, charcoal generates much more heat. Charcoal production was therefore an important part of the [[economy]] in [[Early Modern Times\|early modern times]]. At that time, charcoal was the only fuel that could generate the heat necessary for [[iron smelting]]. In the late 18th century, it is recorded that the duties of a master coalman at an [[ironworks]] were not only to ensure the supply of charcoal and to supervise charcoal burners and their assistants, but also to visit frequently the charcoal clearings, i.e. those parts of the forest used to produce charcoal.{{sfn\|Mezler\|1788\|p=36}}

	In 1713, a process was invented for producing [[Coke (fuel)\|coke]] suitable for blast furnaces from [[hard coal]] (stone coal). From then on, the consumption of the more expensive charcoal decreased steadily despite increasing iron production. From the 17th century onwards, pitch furnaces were increasingly used and in the 19th century retorts were also employed. As a result, fewer and fewer charcoal piles were used. The gradual decline of charcoal began in the 19th century, when hard coal practically replaced charcoal and later also town gas and electricity became more important. The [[Second World War]] triggered a strong demand for charcoal again. At that time, [[motor vehicle]]s were also powered by wood or charcoal.		In 1713, a process was invented for producing [[Coke (fuel)\|coke]] suitable for blast furnaces from [[hard coal]] (stone coal). From then on, the consumption of the more expensive charcoal decreased steadily despite increasing iron production. From the 17th century onwards, pitch furnaces were increasingly used and in the 19th century retorts were also employed. As a result, fewer and fewer charcoal piles were used. The gradual decline of charcoal began in the 19th century, when hard coal practically replaced charcoal and later also town gas and electricity became more important. The [[Second World War]] triggered a strong demand for charcoal again. At that time, [[motor vehicle]]s were also powered by wood or charcoal.
Line 13:		Line 13:
	[[File:Köhlerei im Kermeter - Teil 1 Aufbau eines Kohlemeilers (Kurzfassung).webm\|thumb\|Video, part 1: construction of a charcoal pile (commentary in German)]]		[[File:Köhlerei im Kermeter - Teil 1 Aufbau eines Kohlemeilers (Kurzfassung).webm\|thumb\|Video, part 1: construction of a charcoal pile (commentary in German)]]
	[[File:Köhlerei im Kermeter - Teil 2 - Brennen und Ausräumen eines Kohlemeilers (Kurzfassung).webm\|thumb\|Video, part 2: burning and clearing of a charcoal pile (commentary in German)]]		[[File:Köhlerei im Kermeter - Teil 2 - Brennen und Ausräumen eines Kohlemeilers (Kurzfassung).webm\|thumb\|Video, part 2: burning and clearing of a charcoal pile (commentary in German)]]
		⚫	In order to produce charcoal, water and the volatile components of the wood have to [[evaporate]]. At the charcoal burning site, which is located where possible near a body of water so that it can be extinguished later, the wood pile is built in approximately [[hemispherical]] or [[cone (geometry)\|conical]] piles, using short [[Scheitholz\|logs]], mostly one-metre long, in even fashion (standing or lying down), around the central chimney. A bank of ash and earth can be built all round the pile.
	In order to produce charcoal, water and the volatile components of the wood have to [[evaporate]].
⚫	At the charcoal burning site, which is located where possible near a body of water so that it can be extinguished later, the wood pile is built in approximately [[hemispherical]] or [[cone (geometry)\|conical]] piles, using short [[Scheitholz\|logs]], mostly one-metre long, in even fashion (standing or lying down), around the central chimney ~~(''Quandel'')~~. A bank of ash and earth ~~(''Stübbewall'')~~ can be built all round the pile.

	On top of this an airtight roof is constructed of dry [[fir]] branches, leaves, hay or straw, or alternatively of [[grass]], vegetation and [[moss]]. Finally the pile is sealed airtight with a mix of ash and charcoal pieces ~~(possibly known as 'culm' or 'brusque'; German: ''Lösche, Stübbe, Stibbe'' or ''Gestübe'')~~ and earth, with the exception of the central chimney. A support made of logs and planks is then built round the base of the pile. Then the pile is ignited via the chimney which is then also sealed.		On top of this an airtight roof is constructed of dry [[fir]] branches, leaves, hay or straw, or alternatively of [[grass]], vegetation and [[moss]]. Finally the pile is sealed airtight with a mix of ash and charcoal pieces and earth, with the exception of the central chimney. A support made of logs and planks is then built round the base of the pile. Then the pile is ignited via the chimney which is then also sealed.

	A sure sign that the charring has started is the so-called 'knocking' of the pile. The strong heating leads to [[wood gas]] [[deflagration]] which, if the covering of the pile is too strong, to an [[explosion]]. At the top as well as at the foot of the pile, individual holes are made in the surface, by means of which the fire in the pile is regulated. Under this blanket, incineration is conducted with carefully regulated air access in such a way that, if possible, no more wood burns than is absolutely necessary to heat the entire wood mass to the charring temperature. The wood must char, not burn, inside the pile; air being let in through the small holes so that no fire can start. But it creates a lot of heat and the water evaporates, tar condenses on the green roof, the smoke is yellowish-white and odourless.<ref name="Wolf"/> The heat of the smouldering wood inside the pile drives all liquid and organic components out of the wood as smoke.		A sure sign that the charring has started is the so-called 'knocking' of the pile. The strong heating leads to [[wood gas]] [[deflagration]] which, if the covering of the pile is too strong, to an [[explosion]]. At the top as well as at the foot of the pile, individual holes are made in the surface, by means of which the fire in the pile is regulated. Under this blanket, incineration is conducted with carefully regulated air access in such a way that, if possible, no more wood burns than is absolutely necessary to heat the entire wood mass to the charring temperature. The wood must char, not burn, inside the pile; air being let in through the small holes so that no fire can start. But it creates a lot of heat and the water evaporates, tar condenses on the green roof, the smoke is yellowish-white and odourless.<ref name="Wolf"/> The heat of the smouldering wood inside the pile drives all liquid and organic components out of the wood as smoke.

Wham2001: Adding local short description: "Covered fire for producing charcoal", overriding Wikidata description "carefully arranged pile of wood inside which a fire is lit in order to produce charcoal"

2022-09-10T11:28:30Z

Adding local short description: "Covered fire for producing charcoal", overriding Wikidata description "carefully arranged pile of wood inside which a fire is lit in order to produce charcoal"

← Previous revision		Revision as of 11:28, 10 September 2022
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			{{Short description\|Covered fire for producing charcoal}}
	[[File:Charcoal pile01.jpg\|thumb\|Section through a charcoal pile]]		[[File:Charcoal pile01.jpg\|thumb\|Section through a charcoal pile]]
	A '''charcoal pile''' or '''charcoal clamp''' is a carefully arranged pile of [[wood]], covered by turf or other layer, inside which a fire is lit in order to produce [[charcoal]]. The pile is tended by a [[charcoal burner]]. It is similar to a '''charcoal kiln''', but the latter is usually a permanent structure made of materials such as stone.		A '''charcoal pile''' or '''charcoal clamp''' is a carefully arranged pile of [[wood]], covered by turf or other layer, inside which a fire is lit in order to produce [[charcoal]]. The pile is tended by a [[charcoal burner]]. It is similar to a '''charcoal kiln''', but the latter is usually a permanent structure made of materials such as stone.

Wham2001: /* Literature */ Fmt ref to fix sfn error

2022-09-10T11:27:52Z

Literature: Fmt ref to fix sfn error

← Previous revision		Revision as of 11:27, 10 September 2022
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	* Richard B. Hilf: ''Der Wald. Wald und Weidwerk in Geschichte und Gegenwart – Erster Teil'' [Reprint]. Aula, Wiebelsheim, 2003, {{ISBN\|3-494-01331-4}}		* Richard B. Hilf: ''Der Wald. Wald und Weidwerk in Geschichte und Gegenwart – Erster Teil'' [Reprint]. Aula, Wiebelsheim, 2003, {{ISBN\|3-494-01331-4}}
	* Hildebrandt, H., Heuser-Hildebrandt, B. and Stumböck, M.(2001): Bestandsgeschichtliche und kulturlandschaftsgenetische Untersuchungen im Naturwaldreservat Stelzenbach, Forstamt Nassau, Revier Winden. Mainzer Naturwissenschaftliches Archiv, Beiheft 25, 83 S., Mainz.		* Hildebrandt, H., Heuser-Hildebrandt, B. and Stumböck, M.(2001): Bestandsgeschichtliche und kulturlandschaftsgenetische Untersuchungen im Naturwaldreservat Stelzenbach, Forstamt Nassau, Revier Winden. Mainzer Naturwissenschaftliches Archiv, Beiheft 25, 83 S., Mainz.
	* Mezler, Johann Bendikt ~~Mezler (~~1788). "Staat- und Pflichtvorhaltung eines Kohlenmeisters bei einem Eisenwerk" [State and Occupational Duties of a Master Coalman at an Ironworks] ~~in ''~~Forst und Jagdbibliothek oder nüzliche Aufsäze, Bemerkungen und Verordnungen etc. das gesammte wirthschaftliche Forst-Jagd-Holz- und Floz-Wesen betreffend~~'',~~ a continuation of the general forestry magazine. Part One~~, Stuttgart~~. ~~{{Google Books\| BuchID=8dU6AAAAcAAJ\|page=36}}~~		* {{cite book \|last=Mezler \|first=Johann Bendikt \|year=1788 \|chapter=Staat- und Pflichtvorhaltung eines Kohlenmeisters bei einem Eisenwerk \|trans-chapter=State and Occupational Duties of a Master Coalman at an Ironworks \|title=Forst und Jagdbibliothek oder nüzliche Aufsäze, Bemerkungen und Verordnungen etc. das gesammte wirthschaftliche Forst-Jagd-Holz- und Floz-Wesen betreffend \|url={{Google Books\| id=8dU6AAAAcAAJ\|page=36\|plainurl=yes}} \|location=Stuttgart}}. A continuation of the general forestry magazine. Part One.

	== External links ==		== External links ==

Abel111222: /* Gallery */picture added

2021-09-09T03:45:55Z

Gallery: picture added

← Previous revision		Revision as of 03:45, 9 September 2021
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	Köhler JH-Wende.JPG\|Charcoal burners at work (turn of the 19th/20th centuries)		Köhler JH-Wende.JPG\|Charcoal burners at work (turn of the 19th/20th centuries)
	Meule charbon bois.jpg\|Section of a charcoal pile		Meule charbon bois.jpg\|Section of a charcoal pile
			File:Kullaa.vaakuna.svg\|A red charcoal pile in the coat of arms of [[Kullaa]]
	</gallery>		</gallery>