Christine Jorgensen - Revision history

Aadirulez8: v2.05 - Fix errors for CW project (Link equal to linktext - Spelling and typography)

2024-10-15T18:19:45Z

v2.05 - Fix errors for CW project (Link equal to linktext - Spelling and typography)

← Previous revision		Revision as of 18:19, 15 October 2024
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	Returning to New York after military service, and increasingly concerned over, as one obituary later called it, a "lack of male physical development",<ref name="libarts.ucok.edu">{{cite web \|url=http://www.libarts.ucok.edu/history/faculty/roberson/course/1493/supplements/chp27/27.%20Christine%20Jorgensen.htm \|title=Jorgensen, Christine (30 May 1926 – 3 May 1989) \|last=Bullough \|first=Vern L. \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090222002724/http://www.libarts.ucok.edu/history/faculty/roberson/course/1493/supplements/chp27/27.%20Christine%20Jorgensen.htm \|archive-date=February 22, 2009}}</ref> Jorgensen heard about [[Gender-affirming surgery\|sex reassignment surgery]]. She began taking [[estrogen]] in the form of [[ethinylestradiol]]. She started researching the surgery with the help of Joseph Angelo, the husband of a classmate at the Manhattan Medical and Dental Assistant School.<ref name="libarts.ucok.edu" /> Jorgensen intended to go to [[Sweden]], where the only doctors worldwide who performed the surgery were located. During a stopover in [[Copenhagen]] to visit relatives, she met [[Christian Hamburger]], a Danish [[endocrinologist]] and specialist in rehabilitative hormonal therapy associated with the Serum Institute.<ref name=":1" /> Jorgensen stayed in [[Denmark]] and underwent [[Hormone replacement therapy (male-to-female)\|hormone replacement therapy]] under Hamburger's direction. She chose the name ''Christine'' in honor of Hamburger.		Returning to New York after military service, and increasingly concerned over, as one obituary later called it, a "lack of male physical development",<ref name="libarts.ucok.edu">{{cite web \|url=http://www.libarts.ucok.edu/history/faculty/roberson/course/1493/supplements/chp27/27.%20Christine%20Jorgensen.htm \|title=Jorgensen, Christine (30 May 1926 – 3 May 1989) \|last=Bullough \|first=Vern L. \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090222002724/http://www.libarts.ucok.edu/history/faculty/roberson/course/1493/supplements/chp27/27.%20Christine%20Jorgensen.htm \|archive-date=February 22, 2009}}</ref> Jorgensen heard about [[Gender-affirming surgery\|sex reassignment surgery]]. She began taking [[estrogen]] in the form of [[ethinylestradiol]]. She started researching the surgery with the help of Joseph Angelo, the husband of a classmate at the Manhattan Medical and Dental Assistant School.<ref name="libarts.ucok.edu" /> Jorgensen intended to go to [[Sweden]], where the only doctors worldwide who performed the surgery were located. During a stopover in [[Copenhagen]] to visit relatives, she met [[Christian Hamburger]], a Danish [[endocrinologist]] and specialist in rehabilitative hormonal therapy associated with the Serum Institute.<ref name=":1" /> Jorgensen stayed in [[Denmark]] and underwent [[Hormone replacement therapy (male-to-female)\|hormone replacement therapy]] under Hamburger's direction. She chose the name ''Christine'' in honor of Hamburger.

	Doctor Hamburger explained the gender hormone procedure, "The first sign was an increase in size of the mammary glands and then hair began to grow where the patient had a bald patch on the temple. Finally the whole body changed from a male to a female shape". More than a year after beginning hormone therapy, Jorgensen received her first surgery. Professor E. Dahl-Iverson of the Danish State Hospital was named as one of her surgeons, performing "one minor and 4 major operations on her successfully."<ref name=":1" /> However, she never publicly explained her new anatomy or the surgery outcome but said, "Everyone is both sexes in varying degrees. I am more of a woman than a ~~man…~~ Of course I can never have children but this does not mean that I cannot have natural sexual intercourse – I am very much in the position right now of a woman who has a [[hysterectomy]]," in 1958.<ref name="BBC News">{{Cite news \|date=2012-11-29 \|title=Christine Jorgensen: 60 years of sex change ops \|language=en-GB \|work=BBC News \|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-20544095 \|access-date=2022-12-06}}</ref>		Doctor Hamburger explained the gender hormone procedure, "The first sign was an increase in size of the mammary glands and then hair began to grow where the patient had a bald patch on the temple. Finally the whole body changed from a male to a female shape". More than a year after beginning hormone therapy, Jorgensen received her first surgery. Professor E. Dahl-Iverson of the Danish State Hospital was named as one of her surgeons, performing "one minor and 4 major operations on her successfully."<ref name=":1" /> However, she never publicly explained her new anatomy or the surgery outcome but said, "Everyone is both sexes in varying degrees. I am more of a woman than a man... Of course I can never have children but this does not mean that I cannot have natural sexual intercourse – I am very much in the position right now of a woman who has a [[hysterectomy]]," in 1958.<ref name="BBC News">{{Cite news \|date=2012-11-29 \|title=Christine Jorgensen: 60 years of sex change ops \|language=en-GB \|work=BBC News \|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-20544095 \|access-date=2022-12-06}}</ref>

	Her parents were from Denmark, so her trip for reassignment surgery was easy to disguise as a trip to visit family. She did not relay her plan for procedures on the trip to anyone due to her concern that she would not be supported.<ref name="BBC News"/>		Her parents were from Denmark, so her trip for reassignment surgery was easy to disguise as a trip to visit family. She did not relay her plan for procedures on the trip to anyone due to her concern that she would not be supported.<ref name="BBC News"/>
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	{{blockquote\|As you can see by the enclosed photos, taken just before the operation, I have changed a great deal. But it is the other changes that are so much more important. Remember the shy, miserable person who left America? Well, that person is no more and, as you can see, I'm in marvelous spirits.<ref name="autobiography" />}}		{{blockquote\|As you can see by the enclosed photos, taken just before the operation, I have changed a great deal. But it is the other changes that are so much more important. Remember the shy, miserable person who left America? Well, that person is no more and, as you can see, I'm in marvelous spirits.<ref name="autobiography" />}}

	In November 1952, doctors at [[Rigshospitalet\|Copenhagen University Hospital]] performed a [[penectomy]]. In Jorgensen's words, "My second operation, as the previous one, was not such a major work of surgery as it may imply."<ref name="autobiography" /> In 1952, she was quoted in ''Scope Magazine'' as saying, <blockquote>I was one of those people . . . . It was not an easy task for me to face, but only for the happiness it brought me I should not have had the strength to go through these past two years. You see, I was afraid of a much more horrible illness of the mind.<ref name=":1" /> </blockquote>She returned to the United States and eventually obtained a [[vaginoplasty]] when the procedure became available. The vaginoplasty was performed under the direction of Dr. Angelo, with [[Harry Benjamin]] as a medical adviser.<ref name="libarts.ucok.edu" /> Later, in the preface of Jorgensen's autobiography, Harry Benjamin gave her credit for the advancement of his studies. He wrote, "Indeed Christine, without you, probably none of this would have happened; the grant, my publications, lectures, etc."<ref>{{harvnb\|Jorgensen\|1967\|loc=Preface}}</ref>		In November 1952, doctors at [[Rigshospitalet\|Copenhagen University Hospital]] performed a [[penectomy]]. In Jorgensen's words, "My second operation, as the previous one, was not such a major work of surgery as it may imply."<ref name="autobiography" /> In 1952, she was quoted in ''Scope Magazine'' as saying, <blockquote>I was one of those people . . . . It was not an easy task for me to face, but only for the happiness it brought me I should not have had the strength to go through these past two years. You see, I was afraid of a much more horrible illness of the mind.<ref name=":1" /> </blockquote>She returned to the United States and eventually obtained a [[vaginoplasty]] when the procedure became available. The vaginoplasty was performed under the direction of Dr. Angelo, with [[Harry Benjamin]] as a medical adviser.<ref name="libarts.ucok.edu" /> Later, in the preface of Jorgensen's autobiography, Harry Benjamin gave her credit for the advancement of his studies. He wrote, "Indeed, Christine, without you, probably none of this would have happened; the grant, my publications, lectures, etc."<ref>{{harvnb\|Jorgensen\|1967\|loc=Preface}}</ref>

	In a 1980s [[Hour Community\|Hour Magazine]] interview with [[Gary Collins (actor)\|Gary Collins]], Jorgensen described her family's acceptance:<blockquote>My family were very understanding. They had a choice; I gave them only one choice. Either they were to accept me or there was a break. My family did not want to lose me, and I was very close with [my mother and father] until they died.<ref>{{Citation \|title=Christine Jorgensen - Hour Magazine \| date=July 26, 2010 \|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lDlGUeF1Bg0 \|access-date=2023-09-12 \|language=en}}</ref></blockquote>		In a 1980s [[Hour Community\|Hour Magazine]] interview with [[Gary Collins (actor)\|Gary Collins]], Jorgensen described her family's acceptance:<blockquote>My family were very understanding. They had a choice; I gave them only one choice. Either they were to accept me or there was a break. My family did not want to lose me, and I was very close with [my mother and father] until they died.<ref>{{Citation \|title=Christine Jorgensen - Hour Magazine \| date=July 26, 2010 \|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lDlGUeF1Bg0 \|access-date=2023-09-12 \|language=en}}</ref></blockquote>
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	Jorgensen was publicly outed when her letter to her parents in New York leaked to the press. She had planned to keep her transition a secret but she was forcefully outed by the [[New York Daily News\|New York ''Daily News'']]. Her letter stated, "Nature made a mistake which I have had corrected, and now I am your daughter."<ref name="BBC News"/>		Jorgensen was publicly outed when her letter to her parents in New York leaked to the press. She had planned to keep her transition a secret but she was forcefully outed by the [[New York Daily News\|New York ''Daily News'']]. Her letter stated, "Nature made a mistake which I have had corrected, and now I am your daughter."<ref name="BBC News"/>

	The [[New York Daily News\|New York ''Daily News'']] ran a front-page story on December 1, 1952, under the headline "Ex-GI Becomes Blonde Beauty", announcing (incorrectly) that Jorgensen had become the recipient of the first "sex change."<ref>{{Cite news \|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/opinion/jonathan-zimmerman-caitlin-jenner-meet-christine-jorgensen-article-1.2253912 \|title=Caitlyn Jenner, meet Christine Jorgensen \|last=Zimmerman \|first=Jonathan \|work=NY Daily News \|access-date=July 27, 2017}}</ref> In reality, German doctors had performed this type of surgery in the late 1920s and early 1930s; [[Dorchen Richter]] and Danish artist [[Lili Elbe]], both patients of [[Magnus Hirschfeld]] at the ''[[Institut für Sexualwissenschaft]]'' in Berlin, were known recipients of such operations, however Elbe died after developing [[~~Sepsis\|~~sepsis]] due to complications from an attempted [[Uterus transplantation\|uterus transplant]].<ref>{{cite book \|last1=Meyerowitz \|first1=Joanne J. \|title=How Sex Changed \|date=June 30, 2009 \|publisher=Harvard University Press \|isbn=978-0-674-04096-0 \|pages=19–21 \|url={{Google books\|XFP2PmYPBBAC\|page=19\|plainurl=yes}}}}</ref>		The [[New York Daily News\|New York ''Daily News'']] ran a front-page story on December 1, 1952, under the headline "Ex-GI Becomes Blonde Beauty", announcing (incorrectly) that Jorgensen had become the recipient of the first "sex change."<ref>{{Cite news \|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/opinion/jonathan-zimmerman-caitlin-jenner-meet-christine-jorgensen-article-1.2253912 \|title=Caitlyn Jenner, meet Christine Jorgensen \|last=Zimmerman \|first=Jonathan \|work=NY Daily News \|access-date=July 27, 2017}}</ref> In reality, German doctors had performed this type of surgery in the late 1920s and early 1930s; [[Dorchen Richter]] and Danish artist [[Lili Elbe]], both patients of [[Magnus Hirschfeld]] at the ''[[Institut für Sexualwissenschaft]]'' in Berlin, were known recipients of such operations, however Elbe died after developing [[sepsis]] due to complications from an attempted [[Uterus transplantation\|uterus transplant]].<ref>{{cite book \|last1=Meyerowitz \|first1=Joanne J. \|title=How Sex Changed \|date=June 30, 2009 \|publisher=Harvard University Press \|isbn=978-0-674-04096-0 \|pages=19–21 \|url={{Google books\|XFP2PmYPBBAC\|page=19\|plainurl=yes}}}}</ref>

	After her surgeries, Jorgensen originally stated that she wanted a quiet life of her design. However, upon returning to the United States, she could only earn a living by making public appearances.<ref name="All That's Interesting, 2">{{cite news \|last1=Kelly \|first1=Erin \|title=Call Her Christine: The Original American Trans Celebrity \|url=https://allthatsinteresting.com/christine-jorgensen \|access-date=September 17, 2020 \|work=All That's Interesting, 2 \|date=June 2, 2015}}</ref> Jorgensen was an instant celebrity when she returned to New York in February 1953. A large crowd of journalists met her as she came off her flight, and despite the Danish royal family being on the same flight, the audience largely ignored them in favor of Jorgensen.<ref>{{cite news \|last1=Kelly \|first1=Erin \|title=Call Her Christine: The Original American Trans Celebrity \|url=https://allthatsinteresting.com/christine-jorgensen \|access-date=September 17, 2020 \|work=All That's Interesting, 1 \|date=June 2, 2015}}</ref> Soon after her arrival, she launched a successful nightclub act and appeared on television, radio, and theatrical productions. The first five-part authorized account of her story was written by herself in a February 1953 issue of ''[[The American Weekly]]'', titled "The Story of My Life." In 1967, she published her autobiography, ''Christine Jorgensen: A Personal Autobiography'', which sold almost 450,000 copies.<ref name="meyerowitz" />		After her surgeries, Jorgensen originally stated that she wanted a quiet life of her design. However, upon returning to the United States, she could only earn a living by making public appearances.<ref name="All That's Interesting, 2">{{cite news \|last1=Kelly \|first1=Erin \|title=Call Her Christine: The Original American Trans Celebrity \|url=https://allthatsinteresting.com/christine-jorgensen \|access-date=September 17, 2020 \|work=All That's Interesting, 2 \|date=June 2, 2015}}</ref> Jorgensen was an instant celebrity when she returned to New York in February 1953. A large crowd of journalists met her as she came off her flight, and despite the Danish royal family being on the same flight, the audience largely ignored them in favor of Jorgensen.<ref>{{cite news \|last1=Kelly \|first1=Erin \|title=Call Her Christine: The Original American Trans Celebrity \|url=https://allthatsinteresting.com/christine-jorgensen \|access-date=September 17, 2020 \|work=All That's Interesting, 1 \|date=June 2, 2015}}</ref> Soon after her arrival, she launched a successful nightclub act and appeared on television, radio, and theatrical productions. The first five-part authorized account of her story was written by herself in a February 1953 issue of ''[[The American Weekly]]'', titled "The Story of My Life." In 1967, she published her autobiography, ''Christine Jorgensen: A Personal Autobiography'', which sold almost 450,000 copies.<ref name="meyerowitz" />

Chewsterchew: clean up citations, add newspapers.com clippings where missing

2024-10-08T20:31:53Z

clean up citations, add newspapers.com clippings where missing

Show changes

C. L. Marquette: Added links

2024-10-05T18:34:52Z

Added links

← Previous revision		Revision as of 18:34, 5 October 2024
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	Jorgensen also worked as an actress and nightclub entertainer and recorded several songs.<ref name="christinejorgensen1" /> In [[Summer stock theatre\|summer stock]], she played Madame Rosepettle in the play ''[[Oh Dad, Poor Dad, Mamma's Hung You in the Closet and I'm Feelin' So Sad]]''.		Jorgensen also worked as an actress and nightclub entertainer and recorded several songs.<ref name="christinejorgensen1" /> In [[Summer stock theatre\|summer stock]], she played Madame Rosepettle in the play ''[[Oh Dad, Poor Dad, Mamma's Hung You in the Closet and I'm Feelin' So Sad]]''.

	Circa 1958, while she was performing at the [[Latin Quarter (nightclub)\|Latin Quarter]] in New York, she saw the 1958 musical ''[[Flower Drum Song]]'' on Broadway. There, she saw [[Pat Suzuki]] perform "I Enjoy Being a Girl," which shortly became Jorgensen's "theme song."<ref>{{Citation \|title=Christine Jorgensen -- I Enjoy Being a Girl \| date=September 26, 2020 \|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4auamhTAKqw \|access-date=2023-09-12 \|language=en}}</ref> Jorgensen included the song in her nightclub act, incorporating a [[Quick-change (performance)\|quick-change]] into a [[Wonder Woman]] costume.{{Citation needed\|date=September 2023}} [[WarnerMedia#Warner Communications (1972–1990)\|Warner Communications]], owners of the Wonder Woman character's copyright, demanded she stop using the character in 1981.<ref>{{cite web \| last=Added \| first=Latest \| title=Christine no Wonder Woman \| website=Digital Transgender Archive \| date=20 March 1981 \| url=https://www.digitaltransgenderarchive.net/files/jd472w66k \| access-date=18 July 2024}}</ref> She did so, using instead a new character ~~of her invention~~, Superwoman, who was marked by the inclusion of a large letter ''S'' on her cape.		Circa 1958, while she was performing at the [[Latin Quarter (nightclub)\|Latin Quarter]] in New York, she saw the 1958 musical ''[[Flower Drum Song]]'' on Broadway. There, she saw [[Pat Suzuki]] perform "I Enjoy Being a Girl," which shortly became Jorgensen's "theme song."<ref>{{Citation \|title=Christine Jorgensen -- I Enjoy Being a Girl \| date=September 26, 2020 \|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4auamhTAKqw \|access-date=2023-09-12 \|language=en}}</ref> Jorgensen included the song in her nightclub act, incorporating a [[Quick-change (performance)\|quick-change]] into a [[Wonder Woman]] costume.{{Citation needed\|date=September 2023}} [[WarnerMedia#Warner Communications (1972–1990)\|Warner Communications]], owners of the Wonder Woman character's copyright, demanded she stop using the character in 1981.<ref>{{cite web \| last=Added \| first=Latest \| title=Christine no Wonder Woman \| website=Digital Transgender Archive \| date=20 March 1981 \| url=https://www.digitaltransgenderarchive.net/files/jd472w66k \| access-date=18 July 2024}}</ref> She did so, using instead a new character, [[Superwoman]], who was marked by the inclusion of a large letter ''S'' on her cape; apparently [[DC Comics]], which trademarked the character in 1947, was either unaware of, or unconcerned by this use.

	Jorgensen continued her act, performing at Freddy's Supper Club on the Upper East Side of Manhattan until at least 1982 when she performed twice in the [[Hollywood, Los Angeles\|Hollywood]] area: once at the Backlot Theatre, adjacent to the discothèque [[Studio One (West Hollywood Nightclub)\|Studio One]], and later at The Frog Pond restaurant. The performance was recorded and made available as an album on [[iTunes]]. In 1984, Jorgensen returned to Copenhagen to perform her show and was featured in Teit Ritzau's Danish transgender documentary film ''Paradiset er ikke til salg'' (''Paradise Is Not for Sale''). Jorgensen was the first and only known trans woman to perform at Oscar's [[Delmonico's\|Delmonico]] Restaurant in downtown New York, for which owners Oscar and Mario Tucci received criticism.<ref name="christinejorgensen1">{{cite web\|url=http://www.christinejorgensen.org/ \|title=Christine Jorgensen Website \|publisher=Christinejorgensen.org \|access-date=December 4, 2013}}</ref>		Jorgensen continued her act, performing at Freddy's Supper Club on the Upper East Side of Manhattan until at least 1982 when she performed twice in the [[Hollywood, Los Angeles\|Hollywood]] area: once at the Backlot Theatre, adjacent to the discothèque [[Studio One (West Hollywood Nightclub)\|Studio One]], and later at The Frog Pond restaurant. The performance was recorded and made available as an album on [[iTunes]]. In 1984, Jorgensen returned to Copenhagen to perform her show and was featured in Teit Ritzau's Danish transgender documentary film ''Paradiset er ikke til salg'' (''Paradise Is Not for Sale''). Jorgensen was the first and only known trans woman to perform at Oscar's [[Delmonico's\|Delmonico]] Restaurant in downtown New York, for which owners Oscar and Mario Tucci received criticism.<ref name="christinejorgensen1">{{cite web\|url=http://www.christinejorgensen.org/ \|title=Christine Jorgensen Website \|publisher=Christinejorgensen.org \|access-date=December 4, 2013}}</ref>

C. L. Marquette: Added links

2024-10-05T18:22:26Z

Added links

← Previous revision		Revision as of 18:22, 5 October 2024
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	After her surgeries, Jorgensen originally stated that she wanted a quiet life of her design. However, upon returning to the United States, she could only earn a living by making public appearances.<ref name="All That's Interesting, 2">{{cite news \|last1=Kelly \|first1=Erin \|title=Call Her Christine: The Original American Trans Celebrity \|url=https://allthatsinteresting.com/christine-jorgensen \|access-date=September 17, 2020 \|work=All That's Interesting, 2 \|date=June 2, 2015}}</ref> Jorgensen was an instant celebrity when she returned to New York in February 1953. A large crowd of journalists met her as she came off her flight, and despite the Danish royal family being on the same flight, the audience largely ignored them in favor of Jorgensen.<ref>{{cite news \|last1=Kelly \|first1=Erin \|title=Call Her Christine: The Original American Trans Celebrity \|url=https://allthatsinteresting.com/christine-jorgensen \|access-date=September 17, 2020 \|work=All That's Interesting, 1 \|date=June 2, 2015}}</ref> Soon after her arrival, she launched a successful nightclub act and appeared on television, radio, and theatrical productions. The first five-part authorized account of her story was written by herself in a February 1953 issue of ''[[The American Weekly]]'', titled "The Story of My Life." In 1967, she published her autobiography, ''Christine Jorgensen: A Personal Autobiography'', which sold almost 450,000 copies.<ref name="meyerowitz" />		After her surgeries, Jorgensen originally stated that she wanted a quiet life of her design. However, upon returning to the United States, she could only earn a living by making public appearances.<ref name="All That's Interesting, 2">{{cite news \|last1=Kelly \|first1=Erin \|title=Call Her Christine: The Original American Trans Celebrity \|url=https://allthatsinteresting.com/christine-jorgensen \|access-date=September 17, 2020 \|work=All That's Interesting, 2 \|date=June 2, 2015}}</ref> Jorgensen was an instant celebrity when she returned to New York in February 1953. A large crowd of journalists met her as she came off her flight, and despite the Danish royal family being on the same flight, the audience largely ignored them in favor of Jorgensen.<ref>{{cite news \|last1=Kelly \|first1=Erin \|title=Call Her Christine: The Original American Trans Celebrity \|url=https://allthatsinteresting.com/christine-jorgensen \|access-date=September 17, 2020 \|work=All That's Interesting, 1 \|date=June 2, 2015}}</ref> Soon after her arrival, she launched a successful nightclub act and appeared on television, radio, and theatrical productions. The first five-part authorized account of her story was written by herself in a February 1953 issue of ''[[The American Weekly]]'', titled "The Story of My Life." In 1967, she published her autobiography, ''Christine Jorgensen: A Personal Autobiography'', which sold almost 450,000 copies.<ref name="meyerowitz" />

	In the wake of her transition, part of the media coverage debated her original gender identity, many claiming that she was never fully male, but rather intersex. At the time, a popular theory was that she was a "pseudohermaphrodite" with the internal anatomy of a female and the external anatomy of a male. Nothing that Jorgensen said explicitly supported this theory, but various professionals adopted it anyway. This theory was also used to downplay the importance of Jorgensen's transition, with doctors claiming that her surgeries were "far from a medical rarity... [with] similar cases in hospitals all over the U.S.". Others insisted that Jorgensen's pre-transition body was clearly male and the surgeries were not to mend a physical abnormality, but rather "align her [[Gender identity\|gender]] with her physical sex." The overwhelming amount of coverage opened new discussions surrounding gender, sex, and transsexuals.<ref>{{Cite book \|title=American sexual histories \|date=2012 \|publisher=Wiley-Blackwell \|isbn=978-1-4443-3929-1 \|editor-last=Reis \|editor-first=Elizabeth \|edition=2nd \|location=Malden, Mass.}}</ref>		In the wake of her transition, part of the media coverage debated her original gender identity, many claiming that she was never fully male, but rather [[Disorders of sex development\|intersex]]. At the time, a popular theory was that she was a "[[Pseudohermaphroditism\|pseudohermaphrodite]]" with the internal anatomy of a female and the external anatomy of a male. Nothing that Jorgensen said explicitly supported this theory, but various professionals adopted it anyway. This theory was also used to downplay the importance of Jorgensen's transition, with doctors claiming that her surgeries were "far from a medical rarity... [with] similar cases in hospitals all over the U.S.". Others insisted that Jorgensen's pre-transition body was clearly male and the surgeries were not to mend a physical abnormality, but rather "align her [[Gender identity\|gender]] with her physical sex." The overwhelming amount of coverage opened new discussions surrounding gender, sex, and transsexuals.<ref>{{Cite book \|title=American sexual histories \|date=2012 \|publisher=Wiley-Blackwell \|isbn=978-1-4443-3929-1 \|editor-last=Reis \|editor-first=Elizabeth \|edition=2nd \|location=Malden, Mass.}}</ref>

	The publicity following her transition and [[gender-affirming surgery\|gender reassignment surgery]] became "a model for other transsexuals for decades. She was a tireless lecturer on the subject of transsexuality, pleading for understanding from a public that all too often wanted to see transsexuals as freaks or perverts... Ms Jorgensen's poise, charm, and wit won the hearts of millions."<ref name=":0">{{cite news \|last1=Whittle \|first1=Stephen \|title=A brief history of transgender issues \|url=https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2010/jun/02/brief-history-transgender-issues \|access-date=August 22, 2019 \|work=The Guardian \|date=June 2, 2010}}</ref> However, over time the press was much less fascinated by her and started to scrutinize her much more harshly. Print media often asked her if she would pose nude in their publications.<ref name="All That's Interesting, 2" />		The publicity following her transition and [[gender-affirming surgery\|gender reassignment surgery]] became "a model for other transsexuals for decades. She was a tireless lecturer on the subject of transsexuality, pleading for understanding from a public that all too often wanted to see transsexuals as freaks or perverts... Ms Jorgensen's poise, charm, and wit won the hearts of millions."<ref name=":0">{{cite news \|last1=Whittle \|first1=Stephen \|title=A brief history of transgender issues \|url=https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2010/jun/02/brief-history-transgender-issues \|access-date=August 22, 2019 \|work=The Guardian \|date=June 2, 2010}}</ref> However, over time the press was much less fascinated by her and started to scrutinize her much more harshly. Print media often asked her if she would pose nude in their publications.<ref name="All That's Interesting, 2" />

C. L. Marquette: Added links

2024-10-05T18:21:05Z

Added links

← Previous revision		Revision as of 18:21, 5 October 2024
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	After her surgeries, Jorgensen originally stated that she wanted a quiet life of her design. However, upon returning to the United States, she could only earn a living by making public appearances.<ref name="All That's Interesting, 2">{{cite news \|last1=Kelly \|first1=Erin \|title=Call Her Christine: The Original American Trans Celebrity \|url=https://allthatsinteresting.com/christine-jorgensen \|access-date=September 17, 2020 \|work=All That's Interesting, 2 \|date=June 2, 2015}}</ref> Jorgensen was an instant celebrity when she returned to New York in February 1953. A large crowd of journalists met her as she came off her flight, and despite the Danish royal family being on the same flight, the audience largely ignored them in favor of Jorgensen.<ref>{{cite news \|last1=Kelly \|first1=Erin \|title=Call Her Christine: The Original American Trans Celebrity \|url=https://allthatsinteresting.com/christine-jorgensen \|access-date=September 17, 2020 \|work=All That's Interesting, 1 \|date=June 2, 2015}}</ref> Soon after her arrival, she launched a successful nightclub act and appeared on television, radio, and theatrical productions. The first five-part authorized account of her story was written by herself in a February 1953 issue of ''[[The American Weekly]]'', titled "The Story of My Life." In 1967, she published her autobiography, ''Christine Jorgensen: A Personal Autobiography'', which sold almost 450,000 copies.<ref name="meyerowitz" />		After her surgeries, Jorgensen originally stated that she wanted a quiet life of her design. However, upon returning to the United States, she could only earn a living by making public appearances.<ref name="All That's Interesting, 2">{{cite news \|last1=Kelly \|first1=Erin \|title=Call Her Christine: The Original American Trans Celebrity \|url=https://allthatsinteresting.com/christine-jorgensen \|access-date=September 17, 2020 \|work=All That's Interesting, 2 \|date=June 2, 2015}}</ref> Jorgensen was an instant celebrity when she returned to New York in February 1953. A large crowd of journalists met her as she came off her flight, and despite the Danish royal family being on the same flight, the audience largely ignored them in favor of Jorgensen.<ref>{{cite news \|last1=Kelly \|first1=Erin \|title=Call Her Christine: The Original American Trans Celebrity \|url=https://allthatsinteresting.com/christine-jorgensen \|access-date=September 17, 2020 \|work=All That's Interesting, 1 \|date=June 2, 2015}}</ref> Soon after her arrival, she launched a successful nightclub act and appeared on television, radio, and theatrical productions. The first five-part authorized account of her story was written by herself in a February 1953 issue of ''[[The American Weekly]]'', titled "The Story of My Life." In 1967, she published her autobiography, ''Christine Jorgensen: A Personal Autobiography'', which sold almost 450,000 copies.<ref name="meyerowitz" />

	In the wake of her transition, part of the media coverage debated her original gender identity, many claiming that she was never fully male, but rather intersex. At the time, a popular theory was that she was a "pseudohermaphrodite" with the internal anatomy of a female and the external anatomy of a male. Nothing that Jorgensen said explicitly supported this theory, but various professionals adopted it anyway. This theory was also used to downplay the importance of Jorgensen's transition, with doctors claiming that her surgeries were "far from a medical rarity... [with] similar cases in hospitals all over the U.S.". Others insisted that Jorgensen's pre-transition body was clearly male and the surgeries were not to mend a physical abnormality, but rather align her gender with her physical sex. The overwhelming amount of coverage opened new discussions surrounding gender, sex, and ~~transexuals~~.<ref>{{Cite book \|title=American sexual histories \|date=2012 \|publisher=Wiley-Blackwell \|isbn=978-1-4443-3929-1 \|editor-last=Reis \|editor-first=Elizabeth \|edition=2nd \|location=Malden, Mass.}}</ref>		In the wake of her transition, part of the media coverage debated her original gender identity, many claiming that she was never fully male, but rather intersex. At the time, a popular theory was that she was a "pseudohermaphrodite" with the internal anatomy of a female and the external anatomy of a male. Nothing that Jorgensen said explicitly supported this theory, but various professionals adopted it anyway. This theory was also used to downplay the importance of Jorgensen's transition, with doctors claiming that her surgeries were "far from a medical rarity... [with] similar cases in hospitals all over the U.S.". Others insisted that Jorgensen's pre-transition body was clearly male and the surgeries were not to mend a physical abnormality, but rather "align her [[Gender identity\|gender]] with her physical sex." The overwhelming amount of coverage opened new discussions surrounding gender, sex, and transsexuals.<ref>{{Cite book \|title=American sexual histories \|date=2012 \|publisher=Wiley-Blackwell \|isbn=978-1-4443-3929-1 \|editor-last=Reis \|editor-first=Elizabeth \|edition=2nd \|location=Malden, Mass.}}</ref>

	The publicity following her transition and [[gender-affirming surgery\|gender reassignment surgery]] became "a model for other transsexuals for decades. She was a tireless lecturer on the subject of transsexuality, pleading for understanding from a public that all too often wanted to see transsexuals as freaks or perverts~~ ~~... Ms Jorgensen's poise, charm, and wit won the hearts of millions."<ref name=":0">{{cite news \|last1=Whittle \|first1=Stephen \|title=A brief history of transgender issues \|url=https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2010/jun/02/brief-history-transgender-issues \|access-date=August 22, 2019 \|work=The Guardian \|date=June 2, 2010}}</ref> However, over time the press was much less fascinated by her and started to scrutinize her much more harshly. Print media often asked her if she would pose nude in their publications.<ref name="All That's Interesting, 2" />		The publicity following her transition and [[gender-affirming surgery\|gender reassignment surgery]] became "a model for other transsexuals for decades. She was a tireless lecturer on the subject of transsexuality, pleading for understanding from a public that all too often wanted to see transsexuals as freaks or perverts... Ms Jorgensen's poise, charm, and wit won the hearts of millions."<ref name=":0">{{cite news \|last1=Whittle \|first1=Stephen \|title=A brief history of transgender issues \|url=https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2010/jun/02/brief-history-transgender-issues \|access-date=August 22, 2019 \|work=The Guardian \|date=June 2, 2010}}</ref> However, over time the press was much less fascinated by her and started to scrutinize her much more harshly. Print media often asked her if she would pose nude in their publications.<ref name="All That's Interesting, 2" />

	According to a 1985 publication, Jorgensen opposed the word "transsexual" due to the word sex, in her opinion, only being relevant to sexual intercourse. She stated, "I am a transgender because gender refers to who you are as a human."<ref name="DailyGleaner"/>		According to a 1985 publication, Jorgensen opposed the word "transsexual" due to the word "sex," in her opinion, only being relevant to sexual intercourse. She stated, "I am a transgender because gender refers to who you are as a human."<ref name="DailyGleaner"/>

	==Later life==		==Later life==

C. L. Marquette at 18:17, 5 October 2024

2024-10-05T18:17:13Z

← Previous revision		Revision as of 18:17, 5 October 2024
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	Jorgensen was publicly outed when her letter to her parents in New York leaked to the press. She had planned to keep her transition a secret but she was forcefully outed by the [[New York Daily News\|New York ''Daily News'']]. Her letter stated, "Nature made a mistake which I have had corrected, and now I am your daughter."<ref name="BBC News"/>		Jorgensen was publicly outed when her letter to her parents in New York leaked to the press. She had planned to keep her transition a secret but she was forcefully outed by the [[New York Daily News\|New York ''Daily News'']]. Her letter stated, "Nature made a mistake which I have had corrected, and now I am your daughter."<ref name="BBC News"/>

	The [[New York Daily News\|New York ''Daily News'']] ran a front-page story on December 1, 1952, under the headline "Ex-GI Becomes Blonde Beauty", announcing (incorrectly) that Jorgensen had become the recipient of the first "sex change."<ref>{{Cite news \|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/opinion/jonathan-zimmerman-caitlin-jenner-meet-christine-jorgensen-article-1.2253912 \|title=Caitlyn Jenner, meet Christine Jorgensen \|last=Zimmerman \|first=Jonathan \|work=NY Daily News \|access-date=July 27, 2017}}</ref> In reality, German doctors had performed this type of surgery in the late 1920s and early 1930s; [[Dorchen Richter]] and Danish artist [[Lili Elbe]], both patients of [[Magnus Hirschfeld]] at the ''[[Institut für Sexualwissenschaft]]'' in Berlin, were known recipients of such operations, however Elbe died ~~from~~ [[Sepsis\|sepsis]] due to complications from an attempted [[Uterus transplantation\|uterus transplant]].<ref>{{cite book \|last1=Meyerowitz \|first1=Joanne J. \|title=How Sex Changed \|date=June 30, 2009 \|publisher=Harvard University Press \|isbn=978-0-674-04096-0 \|pages=19–21 \|url={{Google books\|XFP2PmYPBBAC\|page=19\|plainurl=yes}}}}</ref>		The [[New York Daily News\|New York ''Daily News'']] ran a front-page story on December 1, 1952, under the headline "Ex-GI Becomes Blonde Beauty", announcing (incorrectly) that Jorgensen had become the recipient of the first "sex change."<ref>{{Cite news \|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/opinion/jonathan-zimmerman-caitlin-jenner-meet-christine-jorgensen-article-1.2253912 \|title=Caitlyn Jenner, meet Christine Jorgensen \|last=Zimmerman \|first=Jonathan \|work=NY Daily News \|access-date=July 27, 2017}}</ref> In reality, German doctors had performed this type of surgery in the late 1920s and early 1930s; [[Dorchen Richter]] and Danish artist [[Lili Elbe]], both patients of [[Magnus Hirschfeld]] at the ''[[Institut für Sexualwissenschaft]]'' in Berlin, were known recipients of such operations, however Elbe died after developing [[Sepsis\|sepsis]] due to complications from an attempted [[Uterus transplantation\|uterus transplant]].<ref>{{cite book \|last1=Meyerowitz \|first1=Joanne J. \|title=How Sex Changed \|date=June 30, 2009 \|publisher=Harvard University Press \|isbn=978-0-674-04096-0 \|pages=19–21 \|url={{Google books\|XFP2PmYPBBAC\|page=19\|plainurl=yes}}}}</ref>

	After her surgeries, Jorgensen originally stated that she wanted a quiet life of her design. However, upon returning to the United States, she could only earn a living by making public appearances.<ref name="All That's Interesting, 2">{{cite news \|last1=Kelly \|first1=Erin \|title=Call Her Christine: The Original American Trans Celebrity \|url=https://allthatsinteresting.com/christine-jorgensen \|access-date=September 17, 2020 \|work=All That's Interesting, 2 \|date=June 2, 2015}}</ref> Jorgensen was an instant celebrity when she returned to New York in February 1953. A large crowd of journalists met her as she came off her flight, and despite the Danish royal family being on the same flight, the audience largely ignored them in favor of Jorgensen.<ref>{{cite news \|last1=Kelly \|first1=Erin \|title=Call Her Christine: The Original American Trans Celebrity \|url=https://allthatsinteresting.com/christine-jorgensen \|access-date=September 17, 2020 \|work=All That's Interesting, 1 \|date=June 2, 2015}}</ref> Soon after her arrival, she launched a successful nightclub act and appeared on television, radio, and theatrical productions. The first five-part authorized account of her story was written by herself in a February 1953 issue of ''[[The American Weekly]]'', titled "The Story of My Life." In 1967, she published her autobiography, ''Christine Jorgensen: A Personal Autobiography'', which sold almost 450,000 copies.<ref name="meyerowitz" />		After her surgeries, Jorgensen originally stated that she wanted a quiet life of her design. However, upon returning to the United States, she could only earn a living by making public appearances.<ref name="All That's Interesting, 2">{{cite news \|last1=Kelly \|first1=Erin \|title=Call Her Christine: The Original American Trans Celebrity \|url=https://allthatsinteresting.com/christine-jorgensen \|access-date=September 17, 2020 \|work=All That's Interesting, 2 \|date=June 2, 2015}}</ref> Jorgensen was an instant celebrity when she returned to New York in February 1953. A large crowd of journalists met her as she came off her flight, and despite the Danish royal family being on the same flight, the audience largely ignored them in favor of Jorgensen.<ref>{{cite news \|last1=Kelly \|first1=Erin \|title=Call Her Christine: The Original American Trans Celebrity \|url=https://allthatsinteresting.com/christine-jorgensen \|access-date=September 17, 2020 \|work=All That's Interesting, 1 \|date=June 2, 2015}}</ref> Soon after her arrival, she launched a successful nightclub act and appeared on television, radio, and theatrical productions. The first five-part authorized account of her story was written by herself in a February 1953 issue of ''[[The American Weekly]]'', titled "The Story of My Life." In 1967, she published her autobiography, ''Christine Jorgensen: A Personal Autobiography'', which sold almost 450,000 copies.<ref name="meyerowitz" />

C. L. Marquette: Added links

2024-10-05T18:16:08Z

Added links

← Previous revision		Revision as of 18:16, 5 October 2024
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	Jorgensen was publicly outed when her letter to her parents in New York leaked to the press. She had planned to keep her transition a secret but she was forcefully outed by the [[New York Daily News\|New York ''Daily News'']]. Her letter stated, "Nature made a mistake which I have had corrected, and now I am your daughter."<ref name="BBC News"/>		Jorgensen was publicly outed when her letter to her parents in New York leaked to the press. She had planned to keep her transition a secret but she was forcefully outed by the [[New York Daily News\|New York ''Daily News'']]. Her letter stated, "Nature made a mistake which I have had corrected, and now I am your daughter."<ref name="BBC News"/>

	The [[New York Daily News\|New York ''Daily News'']] ran a front-page story on December 1, 1952, under the headline "Ex-GI Becomes Blonde Beauty", announcing (incorrectly) that Jorgensen had become the recipient of the first "sex change."<ref>{{Cite news \|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/opinion/jonathan-zimmerman-caitlin-jenner-meet-christine-jorgensen-article-1.2253912 \|title=Caitlyn Jenner, meet Christine Jorgensen \|last=Zimmerman \|first=Jonathan \|work=NY Daily News \|access-date=July 27, 2017}}</ref> In reality, German doctors had performed this type of surgery in the late 1920s and early 1930s; [[Dorchen Richter]] and Danish artist [[Lili Elbe]], both patients of [[Magnus Hirschfeld]] at the ''[[Institut für Sexualwissenschaft]]'' in Berlin, were known recipients of such operations.<ref>{{cite book \|last1=Meyerowitz \|first1=Joanne J. \|title=How Sex Changed \|date=June 30, 2009 \|publisher=Harvard University Press \|isbn=978-0-674-04096-0 \|pages=19–21 \|url={{Google books\|XFP2PmYPBBAC\|page=19\|plainurl=yes}}}}</ref>		The [[New York Daily News\|New York ''Daily News'']] ran a front-page story on December 1, 1952, under the headline "Ex-GI Becomes Blonde Beauty", announcing (incorrectly) that Jorgensen had become the recipient of the first "sex change."<ref>{{Cite news \|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/opinion/jonathan-zimmerman-caitlin-jenner-meet-christine-jorgensen-article-1.2253912 \|title=Caitlyn Jenner, meet Christine Jorgensen \|last=Zimmerman \|first=Jonathan \|work=NY Daily News \|access-date=July 27, 2017}}</ref> In reality, German doctors had performed this type of surgery in the late 1920s and early 1930s; [[Dorchen Richter]] and Danish artist [[Lili Elbe]], both patients of [[Magnus Hirschfeld]] at the ''[[Institut für Sexualwissenschaft]]'' in Berlin, were known recipients of such operations, however Elbe died from [[Sepsis\|sepsis]] due to complications from an attempted [[Uterus transplantation\|uterus transplant]].<ref>{{cite book \|last1=Meyerowitz \|first1=Joanne J. \|title=How Sex Changed \|date=June 30, 2009 \|publisher=Harvard University Press \|isbn=978-0-674-04096-0 \|pages=19–21 \|url={{Google books\|XFP2PmYPBBAC\|page=19\|plainurl=yes}}}}</ref>

	After her surgeries, Jorgensen originally stated that she wanted a quiet life of her design. However, upon returning to the United States, she could only earn a living by making public appearances.<ref name="All That's Interesting, 2">{{cite news \|last1=Kelly \|first1=Erin \|title=Call Her Christine: The Original American Trans Celebrity \|url=https://allthatsinteresting.com/christine-jorgensen \|access-date=September 17, 2020 \|work=All That's Interesting, 2 \|date=June 2, 2015}}</ref> Jorgensen was an instant celebrity when she returned to New York in February 1953. A large crowd of journalists met her as she came off her flight, and despite the Danish royal family being on the same flight, the audience largely ignored them in favor of Jorgensen.<ref>{{cite news \|last1=Kelly \|first1=Erin \|title=Call Her Christine: The Original American Trans Celebrity \|url=https://allthatsinteresting.com/christine-jorgensen \|access-date=September 17, 2020 \|work=All That's Interesting, 1 \|date=June 2, 2015}}</ref> Soon after her arrival, she launched a successful nightclub act and appeared on television, radio, and theatrical productions. The first five-part authorized account of her story was written by herself in a February 1953 issue of ''[[The American Weekly]]'', titled "The Story of My Life." In 1967, she published her autobiography, ''Christine Jorgensen: A Personal Autobiography'', which sold almost 450,000 copies.<ref name="meyerowitz" />		After her surgeries, Jorgensen originally stated that she wanted a quiet life of her design. However, upon returning to the United States, she could only earn a living by making public appearances.<ref name="All That's Interesting, 2">{{cite news \|last1=Kelly \|first1=Erin \|title=Call Her Christine: The Original American Trans Celebrity \|url=https://allthatsinteresting.com/christine-jorgensen \|access-date=September 17, 2020 \|work=All That's Interesting, 2 \|date=June 2, 2015}}</ref> Jorgensen was an instant celebrity when she returned to New York in February 1953. A large crowd of journalists met her as she came off her flight, and despite the Danish royal family being on the same flight, the audience largely ignored them in favor of Jorgensen.<ref>{{cite news \|last1=Kelly \|first1=Erin \|title=Call Her Christine: The Original American Trans Celebrity \|url=https://allthatsinteresting.com/christine-jorgensen \|access-date=September 17, 2020 \|work=All That's Interesting, 1 \|date=June 2, 2015}}</ref> Soon after her arrival, she launched a successful nightclub act and appeared on television, radio, and theatrical productions. The first five-part authorized account of her story was written by herself in a February 1953 issue of ''[[The American Weekly]]'', titled "The Story of My Life." In 1967, she published her autobiography, ''Christine Jorgensen: A Personal Autobiography'', which sold almost 450,000 copies.<ref name="meyerowitz" />

JJMC89 bot III: Moving :Category:American LGBT singers to :Category:American LGBTQ singers per Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Log/2024 September 11#LGBT nominations which were opposed at CFDS

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Moving Category:American LGBT singers to Category:American LGBTQ singers per Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Log/2024 September 11#LGBT nominations which were opposed at CFDS

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	[[Category:Transgender military personnel]]		[[Category:Transgender military personnel]]
	[[Category:American ~~LGBT~~ singers]]		[[Category:American LGBTQ singers]]
	[[Category:American people of Danish descent]]		[[Category:American people of Danish descent]]
	[[Category:Military personnel from New York City]]		[[Category:Military personnel from New York City]]

JJMC89 bot III: Moving :Category:American LGBT military personnel to :Category:American LGBTQ military personnel per Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Log/2024 September 11#LGBT nominations which were opposed at CFDS

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	[[Category:1989 deaths]]		[[Category:1989 deaths]]
	[[Category:American ~~LGBT~~ military personnel]]		[[Category:American LGBTQ military personnel]]
	[[Category:20th-century American memoirists]]		[[Category:20th-century American memoirists]]
	[[Category:Writers from the Bronx]]		[[Category:Writers from the Bronx]]

JJMC89 bot III: Moving :Category:20th-century American LGBT people to :Category:20th-century American LGBTQ people per Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Log/2024 September 11#LGBT nominations which were opposed at CFDS

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Moving Category:20th-century American LGBT people to Category:20th-century American LGBTQ people per Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Log/2024 September 11#LGBT nominations which were opposed at CFDS

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	[[Category:American transgender actresses]]		[[Category:American transgender actresses]]
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	[[Category:Transgender women musicians]]		[[Category:Transgender women musicians]]

← Previous revision		Revision as of 18:19, 15 October 2024
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	Returning to New York after military service, and increasingly concerned over, as one obituary later called it, a "lack of male physical development",<ref name="libarts.ucok.edu">{{cite web \|url=http://www.libarts.ucok.edu/history/faculty/roberson/course/1493/supplements/chp27/27.%20Christine%20Jorgensen.htm \|title=Jorgensen, Christine (30 May 1926 – 3 May 1989) \|last=Bullough \|first=Vern L. \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090222002724/http://www.libarts.ucok.edu/history/faculty/roberson/course/1493/supplements/chp27/27.%20Christine%20Jorgensen.htm \|archive-date=February 22, 2009}}</ref> Jorgensen heard about [[Gender-affirming surgery\|sex reassignment surgery]]. She began taking [[estrogen]] in the form of [[ethinylestradiol]]. She started researching the surgery with the help of Joseph Angelo, the husband of a classmate at the Manhattan Medical and Dental Assistant School.<ref name="libarts.ucok.edu" /> Jorgensen intended to go to [[Sweden]], where the only doctors worldwide who performed the surgery were located. During a stopover in [[Copenhagen]] to visit relatives, she met [[Christian Hamburger]], a Danish [[endocrinologist]] and specialist in rehabilitative hormonal therapy associated with the Serum Institute.<ref name=":1" /> Jorgensen stayed in [[Denmark]] and underwent [[Hormone replacement therapy (male-to-female)\|hormone replacement therapy]] under Hamburger's direction. She chose the name ''Christine'' in honor of Hamburger.		Returning to New York after military service, and increasingly concerned over, as one obituary later called it, a "lack of male physical development",<ref name="libarts.ucok.edu">{{cite web \|url=http://www.libarts.ucok.edu/history/faculty/roberson/course/1493/supplements/chp27/27.%20Christine%20Jorgensen.htm \|title=Jorgensen, Christine (30 May 1926 – 3 May 1989) \|last=Bullough \|first=Vern L. \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090222002724/http://www.libarts.ucok.edu/history/faculty/roberson/course/1493/supplements/chp27/27.%20Christine%20Jorgensen.htm \|archive-date=February 22, 2009}}</ref> Jorgensen heard about [[Gender-affirming surgery\|sex reassignment surgery]]. She began taking [[estrogen]] in the form of [[ethinylestradiol]]. She started researching the surgery with the help of Joseph Angelo, the husband of a classmate at the Manhattan Medical and Dental Assistant School.<ref name="libarts.ucok.edu" /> Jorgensen intended to go to [[Sweden]], where the only doctors worldwide who performed the surgery were located. During a stopover in [[Copenhagen]] to visit relatives, she met [[Christian Hamburger]], a Danish [[endocrinologist]] and specialist in rehabilitative hormonal therapy associated with the Serum Institute.<ref name=":1" /> Jorgensen stayed in [[Denmark]] and underwent [[Hormone replacement therapy (male-to-female)\|hormone replacement therapy]] under Hamburger's direction. She chose the name ''Christine'' in honor of Hamburger.

	Doctor Hamburger explained the gender hormone procedure, "The first sign was an increase in size of the mammary glands and then hair began to grow where the patient had a bald patch on the temple. Finally the whole body changed from a male to a female shape". More than a year after beginning hormone therapy, Jorgensen received her first surgery. Professor E. Dahl-Iverson of the Danish State Hospital was named as one of her surgeons, performing "one minor and 4 major operations on her successfully."<ref name=":1" /> However, she never publicly explained her new anatomy or the surgery outcome but said, "Everyone is both sexes in varying degrees. I am more of a woman than a ~~man…~~ Of course I can never have children but this does not mean that I cannot have natural sexual intercourse – I am very much in the position right now of a woman who has a [[hysterectomy]]," in 1958.<ref name="BBC News">{{Cite news \|date=2012-11-29 \|title=Christine Jorgensen: 60 years of sex change ops \|language=en-GB \|work=BBC News \|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-20544095 \|access-date=2022-12-06}}</ref>		Doctor Hamburger explained the gender hormone procedure, "The first sign was an increase in size of the mammary glands and then hair began to grow where the patient had a bald patch on the temple. Finally the whole body changed from a male to a female shape". More than a year after beginning hormone therapy, Jorgensen received her first surgery. Professor E. Dahl-Iverson of the Danish State Hospital was named as one of her surgeons, performing "one minor and 4 major operations on her successfully."<ref name=":1" /> However, she never publicly explained her new anatomy or the surgery outcome but said, "Everyone is both sexes in varying degrees. I am more of a woman than a man... Of course I can never have children but this does not mean that I cannot have natural sexual intercourse – I am very much in the position right now of a woman who has a [[hysterectomy]]," in 1958.<ref name="BBC News">{{Cite news \|date=2012-11-29 \|title=Christine Jorgensen: 60 years of sex change ops \|language=en-GB \|work=BBC News \|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-20544095 \|access-date=2022-12-06}}</ref>

	Her parents were from Denmark, so her trip for reassignment surgery was easy to disguise as a trip to visit family. She did not relay her plan for procedures on the trip to anyone due to her concern that she would not be supported.<ref name="BBC News"/>		Her parents were from Denmark, so her trip for reassignment surgery was easy to disguise as a trip to visit family. She did not relay her plan for procedures on the trip to anyone due to her concern that she would not be supported.<ref name="BBC News"/>
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	{{blockquote\|As you can see by the enclosed photos, taken just before the operation, I have changed a great deal. But it is the other changes that are so much more important. Remember the shy, miserable person who left America? Well, that person is no more and, as you can see, I'm in marvelous spirits.<ref name="autobiography" />}}		{{blockquote\|As you can see by the enclosed photos, taken just before the operation, I have changed a great deal. But it is the other changes that are so much more important. Remember the shy, miserable person who left America? Well, that person is no more and, as you can see, I'm in marvelous spirits.<ref name="autobiography" />}}

	In November 1952, doctors at [[Rigshospitalet\|Copenhagen University Hospital]] performed a [[penectomy]]. In Jorgensen's words, "My second operation, as the previous one, was not such a major work of surgery as it may imply."<ref name="autobiography" /> In 1952, she was quoted in ''Scope Magazine'' as saying, <blockquote>I was one of those people . . . . It was not an easy task for me to face, but only for the happiness it brought me I should not have had the strength to go through these past two years. You see, I was afraid of a much more horrible illness of the mind.<ref name=":1" /> </blockquote>She returned to the United States and eventually obtained a [[vaginoplasty]] when the procedure became available. The vaginoplasty was performed under the direction of Dr. Angelo, with [[Harry Benjamin]] as a medical adviser.<ref name="libarts.ucok.edu" /> Later, in the preface of Jorgensen's autobiography, Harry Benjamin gave her credit for the advancement of his studies. He wrote, "Indeed Christine, without you, probably none of this would have happened; the grant, my publications, lectures, etc."<ref>{{harvnb\|Jorgensen\|1967\|loc=Preface}}</ref>		In November 1952, doctors at [[Rigshospitalet\|Copenhagen University Hospital]] performed a [[penectomy]]. In Jorgensen's words, "My second operation, as the previous one, was not such a major work of surgery as it may imply."<ref name="autobiography" /> In 1952, she was quoted in ''Scope Magazine'' as saying, <blockquote>I was one of those people . . . . It was not an easy task for me to face, but only for the happiness it brought me I should not have had the strength to go through these past two years. You see, I was afraid of a much more horrible illness of the mind.<ref name=":1" /> </blockquote>She returned to the United States and eventually obtained a [[vaginoplasty]] when the procedure became available. The vaginoplasty was performed under the direction of Dr. Angelo, with [[Harry Benjamin]] as a medical adviser.<ref name="libarts.ucok.edu" /> Later, in the preface of Jorgensen's autobiography, Harry Benjamin gave her credit for the advancement of his studies. He wrote, "Indeed, Christine, without you, probably none of this would have happened; the grant, my publications, lectures, etc."<ref>{{harvnb\|Jorgensen\|1967\|loc=Preface}}</ref>

	In a 1980s [[Hour Community\|Hour Magazine]] interview with [[Gary Collins (actor)\|Gary Collins]], Jorgensen described her family's acceptance:<blockquote>My family were very understanding. They had a choice; I gave them only one choice. Either they were to accept me or there was a break. My family did not want to lose me, and I was very close with [my mother and father] until they died.<ref>{{Citation \|title=Christine Jorgensen - Hour Magazine \| date=July 26, 2010 \|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lDlGUeF1Bg0 \|access-date=2023-09-12 \|language=en}}</ref></blockquote>		In a 1980s [[Hour Community\|Hour Magazine]] interview with [[Gary Collins (actor)\|Gary Collins]], Jorgensen described her family's acceptance:<blockquote>My family were very understanding. They had a choice; I gave them only one choice. Either they were to accept me or there was a break. My family did not want to lose me, and I was very close with [my mother and father] until they died.<ref>{{Citation \|title=Christine Jorgensen - Hour Magazine \| date=July 26, 2010 \|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lDlGUeF1Bg0 \|access-date=2023-09-12 \|language=en}}</ref></blockquote>
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	Jorgensen was publicly outed when her letter to her parents in New York leaked to the press. She had planned to keep her transition a secret but she was forcefully outed by the [[New York Daily News\|New York ''Daily News'']]. Her letter stated, "Nature made a mistake which I have had corrected, and now I am your daughter."<ref name="BBC News"/>		Jorgensen was publicly outed when her letter to her parents in New York leaked to the press. She had planned to keep her transition a secret but she was forcefully outed by the [[New York Daily News\|New York ''Daily News'']]. Her letter stated, "Nature made a mistake which I have had corrected, and now I am your daughter."<ref name="BBC News"/>

	The [[New York Daily News\|New York ''Daily News'']] ran a front-page story on December 1, 1952, under the headline "Ex-GI Becomes Blonde Beauty", announcing (incorrectly) that Jorgensen had become the recipient of the first "sex change."<ref>{{Cite news \|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/opinion/jonathan-zimmerman-caitlin-jenner-meet-christine-jorgensen-article-1.2253912 \|title=Caitlyn Jenner, meet Christine Jorgensen \|last=Zimmerman \|first=Jonathan \|work=NY Daily News \|access-date=July 27, 2017}}</ref> In reality, German doctors had performed this type of surgery in the late 1920s and early 1930s; [[Dorchen Richter]] and Danish artist [[Lili Elbe]], both patients of [[Magnus Hirschfeld]] at the ''[[Institut für Sexualwissenschaft]]'' in Berlin, were known recipients of such operations, however Elbe died after developing [[~~Sepsis\|~~sepsis]] due to complications from an attempted [[Uterus transplantation\|uterus transplant]].<ref>{{cite book \|last1=Meyerowitz \|first1=Joanne J. \|title=How Sex Changed \|date=June 30, 2009 \|publisher=Harvard University Press \|isbn=978-0-674-04096-0 \|pages=19–21 \|url={{Google books\|XFP2PmYPBBAC\|page=19\|plainurl=yes}}}}</ref>		The [[New York Daily News\|New York ''Daily News'']] ran a front-page story on December 1, 1952, under the headline "Ex-GI Becomes Blonde Beauty", announcing (incorrectly) that Jorgensen had become the recipient of the first "sex change."<ref>{{Cite news \|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/opinion/jonathan-zimmerman-caitlin-jenner-meet-christine-jorgensen-article-1.2253912 \|title=Caitlyn Jenner, meet Christine Jorgensen \|last=Zimmerman \|first=Jonathan \|work=NY Daily News \|access-date=July 27, 2017}}</ref> In reality, German doctors had performed this type of surgery in the late 1920s and early 1930s; [[Dorchen Richter]] and Danish artist [[Lili Elbe]], both patients of [[Magnus Hirschfeld]] at the ''[[Institut für Sexualwissenschaft]]'' in Berlin, were known recipients of such operations, however Elbe died after developing [[sepsis]] due to complications from an attempted [[Uterus transplantation\|uterus transplant]].<ref>{{cite book \|last1=Meyerowitz \|first1=Joanne J. \|title=How Sex Changed \|date=June 30, 2009 \|publisher=Harvard University Press \|isbn=978-0-674-04096-0 \|pages=19–21 \|url={{Google books\|XFP2PmYPBBAC\|page=19\|plainurl=yes}}}}</ref>

	After her surgeries, Jorgensen originally stated that she wanted a quiet life of her design. However, upon returning to the United States, she could only earn a living by making public appearances.<ref name="All That's Interesting, 2">{{cite news \|last1=Kelly \|first1=Erin \|title=Call Her Christine: The Original American Trans Celebrity \|url=https://allthatsinteresting.com/christine-jorgensen \|access-date=September 17, 2020 \|work=All That's Interesting, 2 \|date=June 2, 2015}}</ref> Jorgensen was an instant celebrity when she returned to New York in February 1953. A large crowd of journalists met her as she came off her flight, and despite the Danish royal family being on the same flight, the audience largely ignored them in favor of Jorgensen.<ref>{{cite news \|last1=Kelly \|first1=Erin \|title=Call Her Christine: The Original American Trans Celebrity \|url=https://allthatsinteresting.com/christine-jorgensen \|access-date=September 17, 2020 \|work=All That's Interesting, 1 \|date=June 2, 2015}}</ref> Soon after her arrival, she launched a successful nightclub act and appeared on television, radio, and theatrical productions. The first five-part authorized account of her story was written by herself in a February 1953 issue of ''[[The American Weekly]]'', titled "The Story of My Life." In 1967, she published her autobiography, ''Christine Jorgensen: A Personal Autobiography'', which sold almost 450,000 copies.<ref name="meyerowitz" />		After her surgeries, Jorgensen originally stated that she wanted a quiet life of her design. However, upon returning to the United States, she could only earn a living by making public appearances.<ref name="All That's Interesting, 2">{{cite news \|last1=Kelly \|first1=Erin \|title=Call Her Christine: The Original American Trans Celebrity \|url=https://allthatsinteresting.com/christine-jorgensen \|access-date=September 17, 2020 \|work=All That's Interesting, 2 \|date=June 2, 2015}}</ref> Jorgensen was an instant celebrity when she returned to New York in February 1953. A large crowd of journalists met her as she came off her flight, and despite the Danish royal family being on the same flight, the audience largely ignored them in favor of Jorgensen.<ref>{{cite news \|last1=Kelly \|first1=Erin \|title=Call Her Christine: The Original American Trans Celebrity \|url=https://allthatsinteresting.com/christine-jorgensen \|access-date=September 17, 2020 \|work=All That's Interesting, 1 \|date=June 2, 2015}}</ref> Soon after her arrival, she launched a successful nightclub act and appeared on television, radio, and theatrical productions. The first five-part authorized account of her story was written by herself in a February 1953 issue of ''[[The American Weekly]]'', titled "The Story of My Life." In 1967, she published her autobiography, ''Christine Jorgensen: A Personal Autobiography'', which sold almost 450,000 copies.<ref name="meyerowitz" />

← Previous revision		Revision as of 18:34, 5 October 2024
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	Jorgensen also worked as an actress and nightclub entertainer and recorded several songs.<ref name="christinejorgensen1" /> In [[Summer stock theatre\|summer stock]], she played Madame Rosepettle in the play ''[[Oh Dad, Poor Dad, Mamma's Hung You in the Closet and I'm Feelin' So Sad]]''.		Jorgensen also worked as an actress and nightclub entertainer and recorded several songs.<ref name="christinejorgensen1" /> In [[Summer stock theatre\|summer stock]], she played Madame Rosepettle in the play ''[[Oh Dad, Poor Dad, Mamma's Hung You in the Closet and I'm Feelin' So Sad]]''.

	Circa 1958, while she was performing at the [[Latin Quarter (nightclub)\|Latin Quarter]] in New York, she saw the 1958 musical ''[[Flower Drum Song]]'' on Broadway. There, she saw [[Pat Suzuki]] perform "I Enjoy Being a Girl," which shortly became Jorgensen's "theme song."<ref>{{Citation \|title=Christine Jorgensen -- I Enjoy Being a Girl \| date=September 26, 2020 \|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4auamhTAKqw \|access-date=2023-09-12 \|language=en}}</ref> Jorgensen included the song in her nightclub act, incorporating a [[Quick-change (performance)\|quick-change]] into a [[Wonder Woman]] costume.{{Citation needed\|date=September 2023}} [[WarnerMedia#Warner Communications (1972–1990)\|Warner Communications]], owners of the Wonder Woman character's copyright, demanded she stop using the character in 1981.<ref>{{cite web \| last=Added \| first=Latest \| title=Christine no Wonder Woman \| website=Digital Transgender Archive \| date=20 March 1981 \| url=https://www.digitaltransgenderarchive.net/files/jd472w66k \| access-date=18 July 2024}}</ref> She did so, using instead a new character ~~of her invention~~, Superwoman, who was marked by the inclusion of a large letter ''S'' on her cape.		Circa 1958, while she was performing at the [[Latin Quarter (nightclub)\|Latin Quarter]] in New York, she saw the 1958 musical ''[[Flower Drum Song]]'' on Broadway. There, she saw [[Pat Suzuki]] perform "I Enjoy Being a Girl," which shortly became Jorgensen's "theme song."<ref>{{Citation \|title=Christine Jorgensen -- I Enjoy Being a Girl \| date=September 26, 2020 \|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4auamhTAKqw \|access-date=2023-09-12 \|language=en}}</ref> Jorgensen included the song in her nightclub act, incorporating a [[Quick-change (performance)\|quick-change]] into a [[Wonder Woman]] costume.{{Citation needed\|date=September 2023}} [[WarnerMedia#Warner Communications (1972–1990)\|Warner Communications]], owners of the Wonder Woman character's copyright, demanded she stop using the character in 1981.<ref>{{cite web \| last=Added \| first=Latest \| title=Christine no Wonder Woman \| website=Digital Transgender Archive \| date=20 March 1981 \| url=https://www.digitaltransgenderarchive.net/files/jd472w66k \| access-date=18 July 2024}}</ref> She did so, using instead a new character, [[Superwoman]], who was marked by the inclusion of a large letter ''S'' on her cape; apparently [[DC Comics]], which trademarked the character in 1947, was either unaware of, or unconcerned by this use.

	Jorgensen continued her act, performing at Freddy's Supper Club on the Upper East Side of Manhattan until at least 1982 when she performed twice in the [[Hollywood, Los Angeles\|Hollywood]] area: once at the Backlot Theatre, adjacent to the discothèque [[Studio One (West Hollywood Nightclub)\|Studio One]], and later at The Frog Pond restaurant. The performance was recorded and made available as an album on [[iTunes]]. In 1984, Jorgensen returned to Copenhagen to perform her show and was featured in Teit Ritzau's Danish transgender documentary film ''Paradiset er ikke til salg'' (''Paradise Is Not for Sale''). Jorgensen was the first and only known trans woman to perform at Oscar's [[Delmonico's\|Delmonico]] Restaurant in downtown New York, for which owners Oscar and Mario Tucci received criticism.<ref name="christinejorgensen1">{{cite web\|url=http://www.christinejorgensen.org/ \|title=Christine Jorgensen Website \|publisher=Christinejorgensen.org \|access-date=December 4, 2013}}</ref>		Jorgensen continued her act, performing at Freddy's Supper Club on the Upper East Side of Manhattan until at least 1982 when she performed twice in the [[Hollywood, Los Angeles\|Hollywood]] area: once at the Backlot Theatre, adjacent to the discothèque [[Studio One (West Hollywood Nightclub)\|Studio One]], and later at The Frog Pond restaurant. The performance was recorded and made available as an album on [[iTunes]]. In 1984, Jorgensen returned to Copenhagen to perform her show and was featured in Teit Ritzau's Danish transgender documentary film ''Paradiset er ikke til salg'' (''Paradise Is Not for Sale''). Jorgensen was the first and only known trans woman to perform at Oscar's [[Delmonico's\|Delmonico]] Restaurant in downtown New York, for which owners Oscar and Mario Tucci received criticism.<ref name="christinejorgensen1">{{cite web\|url=http://www.christinejorgensen.org/ \|title=Christine Jorgensen Website \|publisher=Christinejorgensen.org \|access-date=December 4, 2013}}</ref>

← Previous revision		Revision as of 18:22, 5 October 2024
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	After her surgeries, Jorgensen originally stated that she wanted a quiet life of her design. However, upon returning to the United States, she could only earn a living by making public appearances.<ref name="All That's Interesting, 2">{{cite news \|last1=Kelly \|first1=Erin \|title=Call Her Christine: The Original American Trans Celebrity \|url=https://allthatsinteresting.com/christine-jorgensen \|access-date=September 17, 2020 \|work=All That's Interesting, 2 \|date=June 2, 2015}}</ref> Jorgensen was an instant celebrity when she returned to New York in February 1953. A large crowd of journalists met her as she came off her flight, and despite the Danish royal family being on the same flight, the audience largely ignored them in favor of Jorgensen.<ref>{{cite news \|last1=Kelly \|first1=Erin \|title=Call Her Christine: The Original American Trans Celebrity \|url=https://allthatsinteresting.com/christine-jorgensen \|access-date=September 17, 2020 \|work=All That's Interesting, 1 \|date=June 2, 2015}}</ref> Soon after her arrival, she launched a successful nightclub act and appeared on television, radio, and theatrical productions. The first five-part authorized account of her story was written by herself in a February 1953 issue of ''[[The American Weekly]]'', titled "The Story of My Life." In 1967, she published her autobiography, ''Christine Jorgensen: A Personal Autobiography'', which sold almost 450,000 copies.<ref name="meyerowitz" />		After her surgeries, Jorgensen originally stated that she wanted a quiet life of her design. However, upon returning to the United States, she could only earn a living by making public appearances.<ref name="All That's Interesting, 2">{{cite news \|last1=Kelly \|first1=Erin \|title=Call Her Christine: The Original American Trans Celebrity \|url=https://allthatsinteresting.com/christine-jorgensen \|access-date=September 17, 2020 \|work=All That's Interesting, 2 \|date=June 2, 2015}}</ref> Jorgensen was an instant celebrity when she returned to New York in February 1953. A large crowd of journalists met her as she came off her flight, and despite the Danish royal family being on the same flight, the audience largely ignored them in favor of Jorgensen.<ref>{{cite news \|last1=Kelly \|first1=Erin \|title=Call Her Christine: The Original American Trans Celebrity \|url=https://allthatsinteresting.com/christine-jorgensen \|access-date=September 17, 2020 \|work=All That's Interesting, 1 \|date=June 2, 2015}}</ref> Soon after her arrival, she launched a successful nightclub act and appeared on television, radio, and theatrical productions. The first five-part authorized account of her story was written by herself in a February 1953 issue of ''[[The American Weekly]]'', titled "The Story of My Life." In 1967, she published her autobiography, ''Christine Jorgensen: A Personal Autobiography'', which sold almost 450,000 copies.<ref name="meyerowitz" />

	In the wake of her transition, part of the media coverage debated her original gender identity, many claiming that she was never fully male, but rather intersex. At the time, a popular theory was that she was a "pseudohermaphrodite" with the internal anatomy of a female and the external anatomy of a male. Nothing that Jorgensen said explicitly supported this theory, but various professionals adopted it anyway. This theory was also used to downplay the importance of Jorgensen's transition, with doctors claiming that her surgeries were "far from a medical rarity... [with] similar cases in hospitals all over the U.S.". Others insisted that Jorgensen's pre-transition body was clearly male and the surgeries were not to mend a physical abnormality, but rather "align her [[Gender identity\|gender]] with her physical sex." The overwhelming amount of coverage opened new discussions surrounding gender, sex, and transsexuals.<ref>{{Cite book \|title=American sexual histories \|date=2012 \|publisher=Wiley-Blackwell \|isbn=978-1-4443-3929-1 \|editor-last=Reis \|editor-first=Elizabeth \|edition=2nd \|location=Malden, Mass.}}</ref>		In the wake of her transition, part of the media coverage debated her original gender identity, many claiming that she was never fully male, but rather [[Disorders of sex development\|intersex]]. At the time, a popular theory was that she was a "[[Pseudohermaphroditism\|pseudohermaphrodite]]" with the internal anatomy of a female and the external anatomy of a male. Nothing that Jorgensen said explicitly supported this theory, but various professionals adopted it anyway. This theory was also used to downplay the importance of Jorgensen's transition, with doctors claiming that her surgeries were "far from a medical rarity... [with] similar cases in hospitals all over the U.S.". Others insisted that Jorgensen's pre-transition body was clearly male and the surgeries were not to mend a physical abnormality, but rather "align her [[Gender identity\|gender]] with her physical sex." The overwhelming amount of coverage opened new discussions surrounding gender, sex, and transsexuals.<ref>{{Cite book \|title=American sexual histories \|date=2012 \|publisher=Wiley-Blackwell \|isbn=978-1-4443-3929-1 \|editor-last=Reis \|editor-first=Elizabeth \|edition=2nd \|location=Malden, Mass.}}</ref>

	The publicity following her transition and [[gender-affirming surgery\|gender reassignment surgery]] became "a model for other transsexuals for decades. She was a tireless lecturer on the subject of transsexuality, pleading for understanding from a public that all too often wanted to see transsexuals as freaks or perverts... Ms Jorgensen's poise, charm, and wit won the hearts of millions."<ref name=":0">{{cite news \|last1=Whittle \|first1=Stephen \|title=A brief history of transgender issues \|url=https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2010/jun/02/brief-history-transgender-issues \|access-date=August 22, 2019 \|work=The Guardian \|date=June 2, 2010}}</ref> However, over time the press was much less fascinated by her and started to scrutinize her much more harshly. Print media often asked her if she would pose nude in their publications.<ref name="All That's Interesting, 2" />		The publicity following her transition and [[gender-affirming surgery\|gender reassignment surgery]] became "a model for other transsexuals for decades. She was a tireless lecturer on the subject of transsexuality, pleading for understanding from a public that all too often wanted to see transsexuals as freaks or perverts... Ms Jorgensen's poise, charm, and wit won the hearts of millions."<ref name=":0">{{cite news \|last1=Whittle \|first1=Stephen \|title=A brief history of transgender issues \|url=https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2010/jun/02/brief-history-transgender-issues \|access-date=August 22, 2019 \|work=The Guardian \|date=June 2, 2010}}</ref> However, over time the press was much less fascinated by her and started to scrutinize her much more harshly. Print media often asked her if she would pose nude in their publications.<ref name="All That's Interesting, 2" />

← Previous revision		Revision as of 18:17, 5 October 2024
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	Jorgensen was publicly outed when her letter to her parents in New York leaked to the press. She had planned to keep her transition a secret but she was forcefully outed by the [[New York Daily News\|New York ''Daily News'']]. Her letter stated, "Nature made a mistake which I have had corrected, and now I am your daughter."<ref name="BBC News"/>		Jorgensen was publicly outed when her letter to her parents in New York leaked to the press. She had planned to keep her transition a secret but she was forcefully outed by the [[New York Daily News\|New York ''Daily News'']]. Her letter stated, "Nature made a mistake which I have had corrected, and now I am your daughter."<ref name="BBC News"/>

	The [[New York Daily News\|New York ''Daily News'']] ran a front-page story on December 1, 1952, under the headline "Ex-GI Becomes Blonde Beauty", announcing (incorrectly) that Jorgensen had become the recipient of the first "sex change."<ref>{{Cite news \|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/opinion/jonathan-zimmerman-caitlin-jenner-meet-christine-jorgensen-article-1.2253912 \|title=Caitlyn Jenner, meet Christine Jorgensen \|last=Zimmerman \|first=Jonathan \|work=NY Daily News \|access-date=July 27, 2017}}</ref> In reality, German doctors had performed this type of surgery in the late 1920s and early 1930s; [[Dorchen Richter]] and Danish artist [[Lili Elbe]], both patients of [[Magnus Hirschfeld]] at the ''[[Institut für Sexualwissenschaft]]'' in Berlin, were known recipients of such operations, however Elbe died ~~from~~ [[Sepsis\|sepsis]] due to complications from an attempted [[Uterus transplantation\|uterus transplant]].<ref>{{cite book \|last1=Meyerowitz \|first1=Joanne J. \|title=How Sex Changed \|date=June 30, 2009 \|publisher=Harvard University Press \|isbn=978-0-674-04096-0 \|pages=19–21 \|url={{Google books\|XFP2PmYPBBAC\|page=19\|plainurl=yes}}}}</ref>		The [[New York Daily News\|New York ''Daily News'']] ran a front-page story on December 1, 1952, under the headline "Ex-GI Becomes Blonde Beauty", announcing (incorrectly) that Jorgensen had become the recipient of the first "sex change."<ref>{{Cite news \|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/opinion/jonathan-zimmerman-caitlin-jenner-meet-christine-jorgensen-article-1.2253912 \|title=Caitlyn Jenner, meet Christine Jorgensen \|last=Zimmerman \|first=Jonathan \|work=NY Daily News \|access-date=July 27, 2017}}</ref> In reality, German doctors had performed this type of surgery in the late 1920s and early 1930s; [[Dorchen Richter]] and Danish artist [[Lili Elbe]], both patients of [[Magnus Hirschfeld]] at the ''[[Institut für Sexualwissenschaft]]'' in Berlin, were known recipients of such operations, however Elbe died after developing [[Sepsis\|sepsis]] due to complications from an attempted [[Uterus transplantation\|uterus transplant]].<ref>{{cite book \|last1=Meyerowitz \|first1=Joanne J. \|title=How Sex Changed \|date=June 30, 2009 \|publisher=Harvard University Press \|isbn=978-0-674-04096-0 \|pages=19–21 \|url={{Google books\|XFP2PmYPBBAC\|page=19\|plainurl=yes}}}}</ref>

	After her surgeries, Jorgensen originally stated that she wanted a quiet life of her design. However, upon returning to the United States, she could only earn a living by making public appearances.<ref name="All That's Interesting, 2">{{cite news \|last1=Kelly \|first1=Erin \|title=Call Her Christine: The Original American Trans Celebrity \|url=https://allthatsinteresting.com/christine-jorgensen \|access-date=September 17, 2020 \|work=All That's Interesting, 2 \|date=June 2, 2015}}</ref> Jorgensen was an instant celebrity when she returned to New York in February 1953. A large crowd of journalists met her as she came off her flight, and despite the Danish royal family being on the same flight, the audience largely ignored them in favor of Jorgensen.<ref>{{cite news \|last1=Kelly \|first1=Erin \|title=Call Her Christine: The Original American Trans Celebrity \|url=https://allthatsinteresting.com/christine-jorgensen \|access-date=September 17, 2020 \|work=All That's Interesting, 1 \|date=June 2, 2015}}</ref> Soon after her arrival, she launched a successful nightclub act and appeared on television, radio, and theatrical productions. The first five-part authorized account of her story was written by herself in a February 1953 issue of ''[[The American Weekly]]'', titled "The Story of My Life." In 1967, she published her autobiography, ''Christine Jorgensen: A Personal Autobiography'', which sold almost 450,000 copies.<ref name="meyerowitz" />		After her surgeries, Jorgensen originally stated that she wanted a quiet life of her design. However, upon returning to the United States, she could only earn a living by making public appearances.<ref name="All That's Interesting, 2">{{cite news \|last1=Kelly \|first1=Erin \|title=Call Her Christine: The Original American Trans Celebrity \|url=https://allthatsinteresting.com/christine-jorgensen \|access-date=September 17, 2020 \|work=All That's Interesting, 2 \|date=June 2, 2015}}</ref> Jorgensen was an instant celebrity when she returned to New York in February 1953. A large crowd of journalists met her as she came off her flight, and despite the Danish royal family being on the same flight, the audience largely ignored them in favor of Jorgensen.<ref>{{cite news \|last1=Kelly \|first1=Erin \|title=Call Her Christine: The Original American Trans Celebrity \|url=https://allthatsinteresting.com/christine-jorgensen \|access-date=September 17, 2020 \|work=All That's Interesting, 1 \|date=June 2, 2015}}</ref> Soon after her arrival, she launched a successful nightclub act and appeared on television, radio, and theatrical productions. The first five-part authorized account of her story was written by herself in a February 1953 issue of ''[[The American Weekly]]'', titled "The Story of My Life." In 1967, she published her autobiography, ''Christine Jorgensen: A Personal Autobiography'', which sold almost 450,000 copies.<ref name="meyerowitz" />

← Previous revision		Revision as of 18:16, 5 October 2024
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	Jorgensen was publicly outed when her letter to her parents in New York leaked to the press. She had planned to keep her transition a secret but she was forcefully outed by the [[New York Daily News\|New York ''Daily News'']]. Her letter stated, "Nature made a mistake which I have had corrected, and now I am your daughter."<ref name="BBC News"/>		Jorgensen was publicly outed when her letter to her parents in New York leaked to the press. She had planned to keep her transition a secret but she was forcefully outed by the [[New York Daily News\|New York ''Daily News'']]. Her letter stated, "Nature made a mistake which I have had corrected, and now I am your daughter."<ref name="BBC News"/>

	The [[New York Daily News\|New York ''Daily News'']] ran a front-page story on December 1, 1952, under the headline "Ex-GI Becomes Blonde Beauty", announcing (incorrectly) that Jorgensen had become the recipient of the first "sex change."<ref>{{Cite news \|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/opinion/jonathan-zimmerman-caitlin-jenner-meet-christine-jorgensen-article-1.2253912 \|title=Caitlyn Jenner, meet Christine Jorgensen \|last=Zimmerman \|first=Jonathan \|work=NY Daily News \|access-date=July 27, 2017}}</ref> In reality, German doctors had performed this type of surgery in the late 1920s and early 1930s; [[Dorchen Richter]] and Danish artist [[Lili Elbe]], both patients of [[Magnus Hirschfeld]] at the ''[[Institut für Sexualwissenschaft]]'' in Berlin, were known recipients of such operations.<ref>{{cite book \|last1=Meyerowitz \|first1=Joanne J. \|title=How Sex Changed \|date=June 30, 2009 \|publisher=Harvard University Press \|isbn=978-0-674-04096-0 \|pages=19–21 \|url={{Google books\|XFP2PmYPBBAC\|page=19\|plainurl=yes}}}}</ref>		The [[New York Daily News\|New York ''Daily News'']] ran a front-page story on December 1, 1952, under the headline "Ex-GI Becomes Blonde Beauty", announcing (incorrectly) that Jorgensen had become the recipient of the first "sex change."<ref>{{Cite news \|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/opinion/jonathan-zimmerman-caitlin-jenner-meet-christine-jorgensen-article-1.2253912 \|title=Caitlyn Jenner, meet Christine Jorgensen \|last=Zimmerman \|first=Jonathan \|work=NY Daily News \|access-date=July 27, 2017}}</ref> In reality, German doctors had performed this type of surgery in the late 1920s and early 1930s; [[Dorchen Richter]] and Danish artist [[Lili Elbe]], both patients of [[Magnus Hirschfeld]] at the ''[[Institut für Sexualwissenschaft]]'' in Berlin, were known recipients of such operations, however Elbe died from [[Sepsis\|sepsis]] due to complications from an attempted [[Uterus transplantation\|uterus transplant]].<ref>{{cite book \|last1=Meyerowitz \|first1=Joanne J. \|title=How Sex Changed \|date=June 30, 2009 \|publisher=Harvard University Press \|isbn=978-0-674-04096-0 \|pages=19–21 \|url={{Google books\|XFP2PmYPBBAC\|page=19\|plainurl=yes}}}}</ref>

	After her surgeries, Jorgensen originally stated that she wanted a quiet life of her design. However, upon returning to the United States, she could only earn a living by making public appearances.<ref name="All That's Interesting, 2">{{cite news \|last1=Kelly \|first1=Erin \|title=Call Her Christine: The Original American Trans Celebrity \|url=https://allthatsinteresting.com/christine-jorgensen \|access-date=September 17, 2020 \|work=All That's Interesting, 2 \|date=June 2, 2015}}</ref> Jorgensen was an instant celebrity when she returned to New York in February 1953. A large crowd of journalists met her as she came off her flight, and despite the Danish royal family being on the same flight, the audience largely ignored them in favor of Jorgensen.<ref>{{cite news \|last1=Kelly \|first1=Erin \|title=Call Her Christine: The Original American Trans Celebrity \|url=https://allthatsinteresting.com/christine-jorgensen \|access-date=September 17, 2020 \|work=All That's Interesting, 1 \|date=June 2, 2015}}</ref> Soon after her arrival, she launched a successful nightclub act and appeared on television, radio, and theatrical productions. The first five-part authorized account of her story was written by herself in a February 1953 issue of ''[[The American Weekly]]'', titled "The Story of My Life." In 1967, she published her autobiography, ''Christine Jorgensen: A Personal Autobiography'', which sold almost 450,000 copies.<ref name="meyerowitz" />		After her surgeries, Jorgensen originally stated that she wanted a quiet life of her design. However, upon returning to the United States, she could only earn a living by making public appearances.<ref name="All That's Interesting, 2">{{cite news \|last1=Kelly \|first1=Erin \|title=Call Her Christine: The Original American Trans Celebrity \|url=https://allthatsinteresting.com/christine-jorgensen \|access-date=September 17, 2020 \|work=All That's Interesting, 2 \|date=June 2, 2015}}</ref> Jorgensen was an instant celebrity when she returned to New York in February 1953. A large crowd of journalists met her as she came off her flight, and despite the Danish royal family being on the same flight, the audience largely ignored them in favor of Jorgensen.<ref>{{cite news \|last1=Kelly \|first1=Erin \|title=Call Her Christine: The Original American Trans Celebrity \|url=https://allthatsinteresting.com/christine-jorgensen \|access-date=September 17, 2020 \|work=All That's Interesting, 1 \|date=June 2, 2015}}</ref> Soon after her arrival, she launched a successful nightclub act and appeared on television, radio, and theatrical productions. The first five-part authorized account of her story was written by herself in a February 1953 issue of ''[[The American Weekly]]'', titled "The Story of My Life." In 1967, she published her autobiography, ''Christine Jorgensen: A Personal Autobiography'', which sold almost 450,000 copies.<ref name="meyerowitz" />