Christopher Commission - Revision history

Nick Number: sp commission WP:TYPO; mdy dates

2024-05-24T17:12:20Z

sp commission WP:TYPO; mdy dates

← Previous revision		Revision as of 17:12, 24 May 2024
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	{{Refimprove\|date=April 2016}}		{{Refimprove\|date=April 2016}}
			{{Use mdy dates\|date=May 2024}}
	The '''Independent Commission on the Los Angeles Police Department''', informally known as the '''Christopher Commission''', was formed by then-mayor of [[Los Angeles]] [[Tom Bradley (American politician)\|Tom Bradley]] in April 1991, in the wake of the [[Rodney King]] beating.		The '''Independent Commission on the Los Angeles Police Department''', informally known as the '''Christopher Commission''', was formed by then-mayor of [[Los Angeles]] [[Tom Bradley (American politician)\|Tom Bradley]] in April 1991, in the wake of the [[Rodney King]] beating.

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	* [[Bad Religion]]'s song "Don't Pray on Me" cryptically references the Christopher Commission with the line "the city exploded but the [[Daryl Gates\|Gates]] wouldn't open so the company asked him to quit."{{citation needed\|date=November 2011}}		* [[Bad Religion]]'s song "Don't Pray on Me" cryptically references the Christopher Commission with the line "the city exploded but the [[Daryl Gates\|Gates]] wouldn't open so the company asked him to quit."{{citation needed\|date=November 2011}}

	* In the 3rd episode of [[FX (TV channel)\|FX]]’s [[The People v OJ Simpson: American Crime Story]] the Christopher Commission is mentioned by Johnnie Cochran (played by [[Courtney B. Vance]]) in the way how the Los Angeles Police see black people.		* In the 3rd episode of [[FX (TV channel)\|FX]]'s ''[[The People v OJ Simpson: American Crime Story]]'', the Christopher Commission is mentioned by Johnnie Cochran (played by [[Courtney B. Vance]]) in the way how the Los Angeles Police see black people.
	* In episode 3 of season 4 of [[Bosch (TV series)\|Bosch]], the Christopher ~~Commision~~ is mentioned.		* In episode 3 of season 4 of ''[[Bosch (TV series)\|Bosch]]'', the Christopher Commission is mentioned.

	==See also==		==See also==

Nowhere man: /* In popular culture */

2024-04-26T22:46:45Z

In popular culture

← Previous revision		Revision as of 22:46, 26 April 2024
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	* In the 3rd episode of [[FX (TV channel)\|FX]]’s [[The People v OJ Simpson: American Crime Story]] the Christopher Commission is mentioned by Johnnie Cochran (played by [[Courtney B. Vance]]) in the way how the Los Angeles Police see black people.		* In the 3rd episode of [[FX (TV channel)\|FX]]’s [[The People v OJ Simpson: American Crime Story]] the Christopher Commission is mentioned by Johnnie Cochran (played by [[Courtney B. Vance]]) in the way how the Los Angeles Police see black people.
			* In episode 3 of season 4 of [[Bosch (TV series)\|Bosch]], the Christopher Commision is mentioned.

	==See also==		==See also==

RevelationDirect: added Category:Warren Christopher using HotCat

2023-01-24T00:28:13Z

added Category:Warren Christopher using HotCat

← Previous revision		Revision as of 00:28, 24 January 2023
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	[[Category:Los Angeles Police Department]]		[[Category:Los Angeles Police Department]]
	[[Category:Police misconduct in the United States]]		[[Category:Police misconduct in the United States]]
			[[Category:Warren Christopher\|Commission]]

Natemup at 11:43, 20 June 2022

2022-06-20T11:43:53Z

← Previous revision		Revision as of 11:43, 20 June 2022
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	{{Refimprove\|date=April 2016}}		{{Refimprove\|date=April 2016}}
	The '''Independent Commission on the [[Los Angeles Police Department]]''', informally known as the '''Christopher Commission''', was formed by then-mayor of [[Los Angeles]] [[Tom Bradley (American politician)\|Tom Bradley]] in April 1991, in the wake of the [[Rodney King]] beating. It was chaired by attorney [[Warren Christopher]] (who later became U.S. [[United States Secretary of State\|Secretary of State]] under [[President of the United States\|President]] [[Bill Clinton]]).<ref name="hrw">{{cite web\|url=https://www.hrw.org/legacy/reports98/police/uspo73.htm \|title=Shielded from Justice: Los Angeles: The Christopher Commission Report \|website=Hrw.org \|date=1991-04-01 \|accessdate=2016-04-29}}</ref> "The commission was created to conduct 'a full and fair examination of the structure and operation of the [[Los Angeles Police Department\|LAPD]],' including its recruitment and training practices, internal disciplinary system, and citizen complaint system."<ref name="hrw"/>		The '''Independent Commission on the Los Angeles Police Department''', informally known as the '''Christopher Commission''', was formed by then-mayor of [[Los Angeles]] [[Tom Bradley (American politician)\|Tom Bradley]] in April 1991, in the wake of the [[Rodney King]] beating.

			It was chaired by attorney [[Warren Christopher]] (who later became U.S. [[United States Secretary of State\|Secretary of State]] under [[President of the United States\|President]] [[Bill Clinton]]).<ref name="hrw">{{cite web\|url=https://www.hrw.org/legacy/reports98/police/uspo73.htm \|title=Shielded from Justice: Los Angeles: The Christopher Commission Report \|website=Hrw.org \|date=1991-04-01 \|accessdate=2016-04-29}}</ref> "The commission was created to conduct 'a full and fair examination of the structure and operation of the [[Los Angeles Police Department\|LAPD]],' including its recruitment and training practices, internal disciplinary system, and citizen complaint system."<ref name="hrw" />

			A year after the commission was formed, the officers involved in the King beating were acquitted, leading to the [[1992 Los Angeles riots]].

	== Findings ==		== Findings ==

Rodw: Disambiguating links to FX (link changed to FX (TV channel)) using DisamAssist.

2021-03-05T21:24:01Z

Disambiguating links to FX (link changed to FX (TV channel)) using DisamAssist.

← Previous revision		Revision as of 21:24, 5 March 2021
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	* [[Bad Religion]]'s song "Don't Pray on Me" cryptically references the Christopher Commission with the line "the city exploded but the [[Daryl Gates\|Gates]] wouldn't open so the company asked him to quit."{{citation needed\|date=November 2011}}		* [[Bad Religion]]'s song "Don't Pray on Me" cryptically references the Christopher Commission with the line "the city exploded but the [[Daryl Gates\|Gates]] wouldn't open so the company asked him to quit."{{citation needed\|date=November 2011}}

	* In the 3rd episode of [[FX]]’s [[The People v OJ Simpson: American Crime Story]] the Christopher Commission is mentioned by Johnnie Cochran (played by [[Courtney B. Vance]]) in the way how the Los Angeles Police see black people.		* In the 3rd episode of [[FX (TV channel)\|FX]]’s [[The People v OJ Simpson: American Crime Story]] the Christopher Commission is mentioned by Johnnie Cochran (played by [[Courtney B. Vance]]) in the way how the Los Angeles Police see black people.

	==See also==		==See also==

SiddhartaOmarBaca: /* In popular culture */

2021-03-05T05:57:40Z

In popular culture

← Previous revision		Revision as of 05:57, 5 March 2021
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	* [[Bad Religion]]'s song "Don't Pray on Me" cryptically references the Christopher Commission with the line "the city exploded but the [[Daryl Gates\|Gates]] wouldn't open so the company asked him to quit."{{citation needed\|date=November 2011}}		* [[Bad Religion]]'s song "Don't Pray on Me" cryptically references the Christopher Commission with the line "the city exploded but the [[Daryl Gates\|Gates]] wouldn't open so the company asked him to quit."{{citation needed\|date=November 2011}}

	* In the 3rd episode of [[FX]]’s [[The People v OJ Simpson: American Crime Story]] the Christopher Commission is mentioned by Johnnie Cochran (played by [[Courtney B. Vance]]) in the way how Los Angeles Police see black people.		* In the 3rd episode of [[FX]]’s [[The People v OJ Simpson: American Crime Story]] the Christopher Commission is mentioned by Johnnie Cochran (played by [[Courtney B. Vance]]) in the way how the Los Angeles Police see black people.

	==See also==		==See also==

SiddhartaOmarBaca: /* In popular culture */

2021-03-05T05:56:43Z

In popular culture

← Previous revision		Revision as of 05:56, 5 March 2021
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	* [[Bad Religion]]'s song "Don't Pray on Me" cryptically references the Christopher Commission with the line "the city exploded but the [[Daryl Gates\|Gates]] wouldn't open so the company asked him to quit."{{citation needed\|date=November 2011}}		* [[Bad Religion]]'s song "Don't Pray on Me" cryptically references the Christopher Commission with the line "the city exploded but the [[Daryl Gates\|Gates]] wouldn't open so the company asked him to quit."{{citation needed\|date=November 2011}}

	* In the 3rd episode of [[FX]]’s [[The People v OJ Simpson: American Crime Story]] the Christopher Commission is mentioned by Johnnie Cochran (played by [[Courtney V. Vance]]) in the way how Los Angeles Police see black people.		* In the 3rd episode of [[FX]]’s [[The People v OJ Simpson: American Crime Story]] the Christopher Commission is mentioned by Johnnie Cochran (played by [[Courtney B. Vance]]) in the way how Los Angeles Police see black people.

	==See also==		==See also==

SiddhartaOmarBaca: /* In popular culture */

2021-03-05T05:56:10Z

In popular culture

← Previous revision		Revision as of 05:56, 5 March 2021
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	==In popular culture==		==In popular culture==
	* [[Bad Religion]]'s song "Don't Pray on Me" cryptically references the Christopher Commission with the line "the city exploded but the [[Daryl Gates\|Gates]] wouldn't open so the company asked him to quit."{{citation needed\|date=November 2011}}		* [[Bad Religion]]'s song "Don't Pray on Me" cryptically references the Christopher Commission with the line "the city exploded but the [[Daryl Gates\|Gates]] wouldn't open so the company asked him to quit."{{citation needed\|date=November 2011}}

			* In the 3rd episode of [[FX]]’s [[The People v OJ Simpson: American Crime Story]] the Christopher Commission is mentioned by Johnnie Cochran (played by [[Courtney V. Vance]]) in the way how Los Angeles Police see black people.

	==See also==		==See also==

Ironman28: Fixed dangling modifier to clarify that it was Mayor Bradley who formed the commission, not who was responsible for the beating.

2018-06-15T22:34:52Z

Fixed dangling modifier to clarify that it was Mayor Bradley who formed the commission, not who was responsible for the beating.

← Previous revision		Revision as of 22:34, 15 June 2018
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	{{Refimprove\|date=April 2016}}		{{Refimprove\|date=April 2016}}
	The '''Independent Commission on the [[Los Angeles Police Department]]''', informally known as the '''Christopher Commission''', was formed ~~in April 1991, in the wake of the [[Rodney King]] beating,~~ by then-mayor of [[Los Angeles]] [[Tom Bradley (American politician)\|Tom Bradley]]. It was chaired by attorney [[Warren Christopher]] (who later became U.S. [[United States Secretary of State\|Secretary of State]] under [[President of the United States\|President]] [[Bill Clinton]]).<ref name="hrw">{{cite web\|url=https://www.hrw.org/legacy/reports98/police/uspo73.htm \|title=Shielded from Justice: Los Angeles: The Christopher Commission Report \|website=Hrw.org \|date=1991-04-01 \|accessdate=2016-04-29}}</ref> "The commission was created to conduct 'a full and fair examination of the structure and operation of the [[Los Angeles Police Department\|LAPD]],' including its recruitment and training practices, internal disciplinary system, and citizen complaint system."<ref name="hrw"/>		The '''Independent Commission on the [[Los Angeles Police Department]]''', informally known as the '''Christopher Commission''', was formed by then-mayor of [[Los Angeles]] [[Tom Bradley (American politician)\|Tom Bradley]] in April 1991, in the wake of the [[Rodney King]] beating. It was chaired by attorney [[Warren Christopher]] (who later became U.S. [[United States Secretary of State\|Secretary of State]] under [[President of the United States\|President]] [[Bill Clinton]]).<ref name="hrw">{{cite web\|url=https://www.hrw.org/legacy/reports98/police/uspo73.htm \|title=Shielded from Justice: Los Angeles: The Christopher Commission Report \|website=Hrw.org \|date=1991-04-01 \|accessdate=2016-04-29}}</ref> "The commission was created to conduct 'a full and fair examination of the structure and operation of the [[Los Angeles Police Department\|LAPD]],' including its recruitment and training practices, internal disciplinary system, and citizen complaint system."<ref name="hrw"/>

	== Findings ==		== Findings ==

SidP: removed redundant links

2018-04-16T20:57:09Z

removed redundant links

← Previous revision		Revision as of 20:57, 16 April 2018
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	The following are, verbatim, some of the commission's findings:		The following are, verbatim, some of the commission's findings:
	<blockquote>		<blockquote>
	* There is a significant number of officers in the ~~[[Los Angeles Police Department\|~~LAPD]] who repetitively use excessive force against the public and persistently ignore the written guidelines of the department regarding force.		* There is a significant number of officers in the LAPD who repetitively use excessive force against the public and persistently ignore the written guidelines of the department regarding force.
	* The failure to control these officers is a management issue that is at the heart of the problem. The documents and data that we have analyzed have all been available to the department; indeed, most of this information came from that source. The ~~[[Los Angeles Police Department\|~~LAPD]]'s failure to analyze and act upon these revealing data evidences a significant breakdown in the management and leadership of the Department. The [[Los Angeles Board of Police Commissioners]], lacking investigators or other resources, failed in its duty to monitor the Department in this sensitive use of force area. The Department not only failed to deal with the problem group of officers but it often rewarded them with positive evaluations and promotions.		* The failure to control these officers is a management issue that is at the heart of the problem. The documents and data that we have analyzed have all been available to the department; indeed, most of this information came from that source. The LAPD's failure to analyze and act upon these revealing data evidences a significant breakdown in the management and leadership of the Department. The [[Los Angeles Board of Police Commissioners]], lacking investigators or other resources, failed in its duty to monitor the Department in this sensitive use of force area. The Department not only failed to deal with the problem group of officers but it often rewarded them with positive evaluations and promotions.
	* We recommend a new standard of accountability....Ugly incidents will not diminish until ranking officers know they will be held responsible for what happens in their sector, whether or not they personally participate."		* We recommend a new standard of accountability....Ugly incidents will not diminish until ranking officers know they will be held responsible for what happens in their sector, whether or not they personally participate."
	*The commission highlighted the problem of "repeat offenders" on the force, finding that of approximately 1,800 officers against whom an allegation of excessive force or improper tactics was made from 1986 to 1990, more than 1,400 had only one or two allegations. But 183 officers had four or more allegations, forty-four had six or more, sixteen had eight or more, and one had sixteen such allegations. Generally, the forty-four officers with six complaints or more had received positive performance evaluations that failed to record "sustained" complaints or to discuss their significance.<ref name="hrw"/>		*The commission highlighted the problem of "repeat offenders" on the force, finding that of approximately 1,800 officers against whom an allegation of excessive force or improper tactics was made from 1986 to 1990, more than 1,400 had only one or two allegations. But 183 officers had four or more allegations, forty-four had six or more, sixteen had eight or more, and one had sixteen such allegations. Generally, the forty-four officers with six complaints or more had received positive performance evaluations that failed to record "sustained" complaints or to discuss their significance.<ref name="hrw"/>
	</blockquote>		</blockquote>

	The Christopher Commission found that only forty-two of 2,152 allegations of excessive force from 1986 to 1990 were sustained - or less than 2 percent.<ref name="hrw2">{{cite web\|url=https://www.hrw.org/reports98/police/uspo80.htm#TopOfPage \|title=Shielded from Justice: Los Angeles: Internal Investigations \|website=Hrw.org \|date= \|accessdate=2016-04-29}}</ref> "According to the Christopher Commission '... the complaint system is skewed against complainants.'"<ref name="hrw2"/> "The majority of investigations at that time were done by division staff, not IAD, and the commission found this seriously problematic because division investigators often failed even to interview or identify witnesses."<ref name="hrw2"/>		The Christopher Commission found that only forty-two of 2,152 allegations of excessive force from 1986 to 1990 were sustained - or less than 2 percent.<ref name="hrw2">{{cite web\|url=https://www.hrw.org/reports98/police/uspo80.htm#TopOfPage \|title=Shielded from Justice: Los Angeles: Internal Investigations \|website= Hrw.org \|date= \|accessdate= 2016-04-29}}</ref> "According to the Christopher Commission '... the complaint system is skewed against complainants.'"<ref name="hrw2"/> "The majority of investigations at that time were done by division staff, not IAD, and the commission found this seriously problematic because division investigators often failed even to interview or identify witnesses."<ref name="hrw2"/>

	==In popular culture==		==In popular culture==

← Previous revision		Revision as of 17:12, 24 May 2024
Line 1:		Line 1:
	{{Refimprove\|date=April 2016}}		{{Refimprove\|date=April 2016}}
			{{Use mdy dates\|date=May 2024}}
	The '''Independent Commission on the Los Angeles Police Department''', informally known as the '''Christopher Commission''', was formed by then-mayor of [[Los Angeles]] [[Tom Bradley (American politician)\|Tom Bradley]] in April 1991, in the wake of the [[Rodney King]] beating.		The '''Independent Commission on the Los Angeles Police Department''', informally known as the '''Christopher Commission''', was formed by then-mayor of [[Los Angeles]] [[Tom Bradley (American politician)\|Tom Bradley]] in April 1991, in the wake of the [[Rodney King]] beating.

Line 20:		Line 21:
	* [[Bad Religion]]'s song "Don't Pray on Me" cryptically references the Christopher Commission with the line "the city exploded but the [[Daryl Gates\|Gates]] wouldn't open so the company asked him to quit."{{citation needed\|date=November 2011}}		* [[Bad Religion]]'s song "Don't Pray on Me" cryptically references the Christopher Commission with the line "the city exploded but the [[Daryl Gates\|Gates]] wouldn't open so the company asked him to quit."{{citation needed\|date=November 2011}}

	* In the 3rd episode of [[FX (TV channel)\|FX]]’s [[The People v OJ Simpson: American Crime Story]] the Christopher Commission is mentioned by Johnnie Cochran (played by [[Courtney B. Vance]]) in the way how the Los Angeles Police see black people.		* In the 3rd episode of [[FX (TV channel)\|FX]]'s ''[[The People v OJ Simpson: American Crime Story]]'', the Christopher Commission is mentioned by Johnnie Cochran (played by [[Courtney B. Vance]]) in the way how the Los Angeles Police see black people.
	* In episode 3 of season 4 of [[Bosch (TV series)\|Bosch]], the Christopher ~~Commision~~ is mentioned.		* In episode 3 of season 4 of ''[[Bosch (TV series)\|Bosch]]'', the Christopher Commission is mentioned.

	==See also==		==See also==