Glucosamine - Revision history

Carlstak: ce per MOS:ABBR: "Using United States instead of an acronym is often better formal writing style, and is an opportunity for commonality. USA, U.S.A. and U.S. of A. are generally not used except in quoted material."

2024-08-05T15:11:17Z

ce per MOS:ABBR: "Using United States instead of an acronym is often better formal writing style, and is an opportunity for commonality. USA, U.S.A. and U.S. of A. are generally not used except in quoted material."

← Previous revision		Revision as of 15:11, 5 August 2024
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	'''Glucosamine''' (C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>13</sub>NO<sub>5</sub>) is an [[amino sugar]] and a prominent precursor in the [[biochemical]] synthesis of [[glycosylation\|glycosylated]] proteins and lipids. Glucosamine is part of the structure of two [[polysaccharide]]s, [[chitosan]] and [[chitin]]. Glucosamine is one of the most abundant [[monosaccharide]]s.<ref name="carb"/> Produced commercially by the [[hydrolysis]] of [[shellfish]] [[exoskeleton]]s or, less commonly, by fermentation of a grain such as corn or wheat, glucosamine has many names depending on country.<ref name="drugs-names">{{cite web \|title=Glucosamine \|url=https://www.drugs.com/international/glucosamine.html \|publisher=Drugs.com \|access-date=14 September 2019 \|date=31 July 2019}}</ref>		'''Glucosamine''' (C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>13</sub>NO<sub>5</sub>) is an [[amino sugar]] and a prominent precursor in the [[biochemical]] synthesis of [[glycosylation\|glycosylated]] proteins and lipids. Glucosamine is part of the structure of two [[polysaccharide]]s, [[chitosan]] and [[chitin]]. Glucosamine is one of the most abundant [[monosaccharide]]s.<ref name="carb"/> Produced commercially by the [[hydrolysis]] of [[shellfish]] [[exoskeleton]]s or, less commonly, by fermentation of a grain such as corn or wheat, glucosamine has many names depending on country.<ref name="drugs-names">{{cite web \|title=Glucosamine \|url=https://www.drugs.com/international/glucosamine.html \|publisher=Drugs.com \|access-date=14 September 2019 \|date=31 July 2019}}</ref>

	Although a common [[dietary supplement]], there is little evidence that it is effective for relief of [[arthritis]] or [[pain]], and is not an approved [[prescription drug]] in the ~~USA~~.<ref name="mlp">{{cite web\|title=Glucosamine sulfate\|url=https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/natural/807.html\|publisher=MedlinePlus, US National Library of Medicine\|date=17 June 2019\|access-date=14 September 2019}}</ref><ref name="Glucosamine hydrochloride">{{cite web \| title=Glucosamine Hydrochloride \| website=MedlinePlus \| date=8 January 2020 \| url=https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/natural/747.html \| access-date=27 January 2020 \| archive-date=28 January 2020 \| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200128054601/https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/natural/747.html \| url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="harvard">{{cite web \|author1=Robert H. Shmerling \|title=The latest on glucosamine/chondroitin supplements \|url=https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/the-latest-on-glucosaminechondroitin-supplements-2016101710391 \|publisher=Harvard Health Publishing, Harvard University Medical School \|access-date=14 September 2019 \|date=17 October 2016}}</ref>		Although a common [[dietary supplement]], there is little evidence that it is effective for relief of [[arthritis]] or [[pain]], and is not an approved [[prescription drug]] in the United States.<ref name="mlp">{{cite web\|title=Glucosamine sulfate\|url=https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/natural/807.html\|publisher=MedlinePlus, US National Library of Medicine\|date=17 June 2019\|access-date=14 September 2019}}</ref><ref name="Glucosamine hydrochloride">{{cite web \| title=Glucosamine Hydrochloride \| website=MedlinePlus \| date=8 January 2020 \| url=https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/natural/747.html \| access-date=27 January 2020 \| archive-date=28 January 2020 \| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200128054601/https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/natural/747.html \| url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="harvard">{{cite web \|author1=Robert H. Shmerling \|title=The latest on glucosamine/chondroitin supplements \|url=https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/the-latest-on-glucosaminechondroitin-supplements-2016101710391 \|publisher=Harvard Health Publishing, Harvard University Medical School \|access-date=14 September 2019 \|date=17 October 2016}}</ref>

	==Dietary supplement==		==Dietary supplement==
	Oral glucosamine is a [[dietary supplement]] and is not a [[prescription drug]] in ~~USA~~.<ref name=mlp/><ref name=harvard/> Glucosamine is marketed as a supplement to support the structure and function of joints, and the marketing is targeted to people with [[osteoarthritis]].<ref name=mlp/><ref name=harvard/>		Oral glucosamine is a [[dietary supplement]] and is not a [[prescription drug]] in the United States.<ref name=mlp/><ref name=harvard/> Glucosamine is marketed as a supplement to support the structure and function of joints, and the marketing is targeted to people with [[osteoarthritis]].<ref name=mlp/><ref name=harvard/>

	Commonly sold forms of glucosamine are glucosamine sulfate,<ref name="mlp" /> glucosamine [[chondroitin]], glucosamine hydrochloride,<ref name="Glucosamine hydrochloride" /> and [[N-Acetylglucosamine\|''N''-acetylglucosamine]].<ref name=mlp/><ref name=drugs-names/> Of the three commonly available forms of glucosamine, only glucosamine sulfate is given a "likely effective" rating for treating osteoarthritis.<ref name=mlp/> Glucosamine is often sold in combination with other supplements such as [[chondroitin sulfate]] and [[methylsulfonylmethane]].{{citation needed\|date=January 2020}}		Commonly sold forms of glucosamine are glucosamine sulfate,<ref name="mlp" /> glucosamine [[chondroitin]], glucosamine hydrochloride,<ref name="Glucosamine hydrochloride" /> and [[N-Acetylglucosamine\|''N''-acetylglucosamine]].<ref name=mlp/><ref name=drugs-names/> Of the three commonly available forms of glucosamine, only glucosamine sulfate is given a "likely effective" rating for treating osteoarthritis.<ref name=mlp/> Glucosamine is often sold in combination with other supplements such as [[chondroitin sulfate]] and [[methylsulfonylmethane]].{{citation needed\|date=January 2020}}

Verificity at 11:43, 5 August 2024

2024-08-05T11:43:06Z

← Previous revision		Revision as of 11:43, 5 August 2024
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	'''Glucosamine''' (C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>13</sub>NO<sub>5</sub>) is an [[amino sugar]] and a prominent precursor in the [[biochemical]] synthesis of [[glycosylation\|glycosylated]] proteins and lipids. Glucosamine is part of the structure of two [[polysaccharide]]s, [[chitosan]] and [[chitin]]. Glucosamine is one of the most abundant [[monosaccharide]]s.<ref name="carb"/> Produced commercially by the [[hydrolysis]] of [[shellfish]] [[exoskeleton]]s or, less commonly, by fermentation of a grain such as corn or wheat, glucosamine has many names depending on country.<ref name="drugs-names">{{cite web \|title=Glucosamine \|url=https://www.drugs.com/international/glucosamine.html \|publisher=Drugs.com \|access-date=14 September 2019 \|date=31 July 2019}}</ref>		'''Glucosamine''' (C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>13</sub>NO<sub>5</sub>) is an [[amino sugar]] and a prominent precursor in the [[biochemical]] synthesis of [[glycosylation\|glycosylated]] proteins and lipids. Glucosamine is part of the structure of two [[polysaccharide]]s, [[chitosan]] and [[chitin]]. Glucosamine is one of the most abundant [[monosaccharide]]s.<ref name="carb"/> Produced commercially by the [[hydrolysis]] of [[shellfish]] [[exoskeleton]]s or, less commonly, by fermentation of a grain such as corn or wheat, glucosamine has many names depending on country.<ref name="drugs-names">{{cite web \|title=Glucosamine \|url=https://www.drugs.com/international/glucosamine.html \|publisher=Drugs.com \|access-date=14 September 2019 \|date=31 July 2019}}</ref>

	Although a common [[dietary supplement]], there is little evidence that it is effective for relief of [[arthritis]] or [[pain]], and is not an approved [[prescription drug]].<ref name="mlp">{{cite web\|title=Glucosamine sulfate\|url=https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/natural/807.html\|publisher=MedlinePlus, US National Library of Medicine\|date=17 June 2019\|access-date=14 September 2019}}</ref><ref name="Glucosamine hydrochloride">{{cite web \| title=Glucosamine Hydrochloride \| website=MedlinePlus \| date=8 January 2020 \| url=https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/natural/747.html \| access-date=27 January 2020 \| archive-date=28 January 2020 \| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200128054601/https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/natural/747.html \| url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="harvard">{{cite web \|author1=Robert H. Shmerling \|title=The latest on glucosamine/chondroitin supplements \|url=https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/the-latest-on-glucosaminechondroitin-supplements-2016101710391 \|publisher=Harvard Health Publishing, Harvard University Medical School \|access-date=14 September 2019 \|date=17 October 2016}}</ref>		Although a common [[dietary supplement]], there is little evidence that it is effective for relief of [[arthritis]] or [[pain]], and is not an approved [[prescription drug]] in the USA.<ref name="mlp">{{cite web\|title=Glucosamine sulfate\|url=https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/natural/807.html\|publisher=MedlinePlus, US National Library of Medicine\|date=17 June 2019\|access-date=14 September 2019}}</ref><ref name="Glucosamine hydrochloride">{{cite web \| title=Glucosamine Hydrochloride \| website=MedlinePlus \| date=8 January 2020 \| url=https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/natural/747.html \| access-date=27 January 2020 \| archive-date=28 January 2020 \| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200128054601/https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/natural/747.html \| url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="harvard">{{cite web \|author1=Robert H. Shmerling \|title=The latest on glucosamine/chondroitin supplements \|url=https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/the-latest-on-glucosaminechondroitin-supplements-2016101710391 \|publisher=Harvard Health Publishing, Harvard University Medical School \|access-date=14 September 2019 \|date=17 October 2016}}</ref>

	==Dietary supplement==		==Dietary supplement==

Verificity: /* Dietary supplement */

2024-08-05T11:42:10Z

Dietary supplement

← Previous revision		Revision as of 11:42, 5 August 2024
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	==Dietary supplement==		==Dietary supplement==
	Oral glucosamine is a [[dietary supplement]] and is not a [[prescription drug]].<ref name=mlp/><ref name=harvard/> Glucosamine is marketed as a supplement to support the structure and function of joints, and the marketing is targeted to people with [[osteoarthritis]].<ref name=mlp/><ref name=harvard/>		Oral glucosamine is a [[dietary supplement]] and is not a [[prescription drug]] in USA.<ref name=mlp/><ref name=harvard/> Glucosamine is marketed as a supplement to support the structure and function of joints, and the marketing is targeted to people with [[osteoarthritis]].<ref name=mlp/><ref name=harvard/>

	Commonly sold forms of glucosamine are glucosamine sulfate,<ref name="mlp" /> glucosamine [[chondroitin]], glucosamine hydrochloride,<ref name="Glucosamine hydrochloride" /> and [[N-Acetylglucosamine\|''N''-acetylglucosamine]].<ref name=mlp/><ref name=drugs-names/> Of the three commonly available forms of glucosamine, only glucosamine sulfate is given a "likely effective" rating for treating osteoarthritis.<ref name=mlp/> Glucosamine is often sold in combination with other supplements such as [[chondroitin sulfate]] and [[methylsulfonylmethane]].{{citation needed\|date=January 2020}}		Commonly sold forms of glucosamine are glucosamine sulfate,<ref name="mlp" /> glucosamine [[chondroitin]], glucosamine hydrochloride,<ref name="Glucosamine hydrochloride" /> and [[N-Acetylglucosamine\|''N''-acetylglucosamine]].<ref name=mlp/><ref name=drugs-names/> Of the three commonly available forms of glucosamine, only glucosamine sulfate is given a "likely effective" rating for treating osteoarthritis.<ref name=mlp/> Glucosamine is often sold in combination with other supplements such as [[chondroitin sulfate]] and [[methylsulfonylmethane]].{{citation needed\|date=January 2020}}

Citation bot: Altered url. URLs might have been anonymized. | Use this bot. Report bugs. | Suggested by Abductive | Category:Dietary supplements | #UCB_Category 170/232

2024-07-12T18:47:11Z

Altered url. URLs might have been anonymized. | Use this bot. Report bugs. | Suggested by Abductive | Category:Dietary supplements | #UCB_Category 170/232

← Previous revision		Revision as of 18:47, 12 July 2024
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	==History==		==History==
	Glucosamine was first prepared in 1876 by [[Georg Ledderhose]] by the [[hydrolysis]] of [[chitin]] with concentrated [[hydrochloric acid]].<ref>{{cite journal\|author=Georg Ledderhose \|year=1876 \|url=https://zenodo.org/record/1425112~~/files/article.pdf~~ \|title=Über salzsaures Glycosamin \|trans-title=On glucosamine hydrochloride \|journal=Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft \|volume=9 \|issue=2 \|pages=1200–1201\|doi=10.1002/cber.18760090251}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal \|author = Ledderhose G \|author-link =Georg Ledderhose\|year = 1879\|journal = Zeitschrift für Physiologische Chemie \|title = Über Chitin und seine Spaltungs-produkte \|trans-title=On chitin and its hydrolysis products \|volume = ii \|pages = 213–227 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal \|author = Ledderhose G \|author-link = Georg Ledderhose\|year = 1880 \|journal = Zeitschrift für Physiologische Chemie\|title = Über Glykosamin\|volume = iv \|pages = 139–159}}</ref> The [[stereochemistry]] was not fully determined until the 1939 work of [[Walter Haworth]].<ref name="carb">{{cite book		Glucosamine was first prepared in 1876 by [[Georg Ledderhose]] by the [[hydrolysis]] of [[chitin]] with concentrated [[hydrochloric acid]].<ref>{{cite journal\|author=Georg Ledderhose \|year=1876 \|url=https://zenodo.org/record/1425112 \|title=Über salzsaures Glycosamin \|trans-title=On glucosamine hydrochloride \|journal=Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft \|volume=9 \|issue=2 \|pages=1200–1201\|doi=10.1002/cber.18760090251}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal \|author = Ledderhose G \|author-link =Georg Ledderhose\|year = 1879\|journal = Zeitschrift für Physiologische Chemie \|title = Über Chitin und seine Spaltungs-produkte \|trans-title=On chitin and its hydrolysis products \|volume = ii \|pages = 213–227 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal \|author = Ledderhose G \|author-link = Georg Ledderhose\|year = 1880 \|journal = Zeitschrift für Physiologische Chemie\|title = Über Glykosamin\|volume = iv \|pages = 139–159}}</ref> The [[stereochemistry]] was not fully determined until the 1939 work of [[Walter Haworth]].<ref name="carb">{{cite book
	\|vauthors=Pigman WW, Horton D, Wander JD \| title =The Carbohydrates		\|vauthors=Pigman WW, Horton D, Wander JD \| title =The Carbohydrates
	\| volume =IB		\| volume =IB

116.98.218.118 at 01:48, 18 May 2024

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	\| ImageFileR1_Ref = {{Chemboximage\|correct\|??}}		\| ImageFileR1_Ref = {{Chemboximage\|correct\|??}}
	\| ImageNameR1 = Ball and stick model of glucosamine ((2R,6R)-6-meth,-2-ol)		\| ImageNameR1 = Ball and stick model of glucosamine ((2R,6R)-6-meth,-2-ol)
	\| IUPACName = ~~(3''R'',4''R'',5''S'')-3~~-Amino-6-~~(hydroxymethyl)oxane-2,4,5~~-~~triol~~		\| IUPACName = 2-Amino-2-deoxy-glucose
	\| OtherNames = ~~2-Amino-2-deoxy-glucose<br />~~		\| OtherNames = Chitosamine
			\| SystematicName = (3''R'',4''R'',5''S'')-3-Amino-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-2,4,5-triol
	Chitosamine
	\| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers		\| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers
	\| CASNo = 3416-24-8		\| CASNo = 3416-24-8

DMacks: /* External links */ rm druginfo (pubchem in chembox)

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External links: rm druginfo (pubchem in chembox)

← Previous revision		Revision as of 17:09, 13 March 2024
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	==External links==		==External links==
	* {{cite web\| url = https://druginfo.nlm.nih.gov/drugportal/rn/3416-24-8 \| publisher = U.S. National Library of Medicine\| work = Drug Information Portal \| title = Glucosamine }}
	*[https://www.arthritis.org/health-wellness/treatment/complementary-therapies/supplements-and-vitamins/glucosamine-chondroitin-osteoarthritis-pain Glucosamine and Chondroitin for Osteoarthritis Pain, Arthritis Foundation]		*[https://www.arthritis.org/health-wellness/treatment/complementary-therapies/supplements-and-vitamins/glucosamine-chondroitin-osteoarthritis-pain Glucosamine and Chondroitin for Osteoarthritis Pain, Arthritis Foundation]
	* [https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/search.cfm?query=Glucosamine&searchdb=all&labeltype=all&pagesize=200&audience=professional&page=1&sortby=packager Glucosamine], DailyMed, U.S. National Library of Medicine		* [https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/search.cfm?query=Glucosamine&searchdb=all&labeltype=all&pagesize=200&audience=professional&page=1&sortby=packager Glucosamine], DailyMed, U.S. National Library of Medicine

Zefr: Reverting edit(s) by 27.114.165.143 (talk) to rev. 1192320387 by AB-Babayo: Vandalism (RW 16.1)

2024-01-14T22:29:23Z

Reverting edit(s) by 27.114.165.143 (talk) to rev. 1192320387 by AB-Babayo: Vandalism (RW 16.1)

← Previous revision		Revision as of 22:29, 14 January 2024
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	'''Glucosamine''' (C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>13</sub>NO<sub>5</sub>) is an [[amino sugar]] and a prominent precursor in the [[biochemical]] synthesis of [[glycosylation\|glycosylated]] proteins and lipids. Glucosamine is part of the structure of two [[polysaccharide]]s, [[chitosan]] and [[chitin]]. Glucosamine is one of the most abundant [[monosaccharide]]s.<ref name="carb"/> Produced commercially by the [[hydrolysis]] of [[shellfish]] [[exoskeleton]]s or, less commonly, by fermentation of a grain such as corn or wheat, glucosamine has many names depending on country.<ref name="drugs-names">{{cite web \|title=Glucosamine \|url=https://www.drugs.com/international/glucosamine.html \|publisher=Drugs.com \|access-date=14 September 2019 \|date=31 July 2019}}</ref>		'''Glucosamine''' (C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>13</sub>NO<sub>5</sub>) is an [[amino sugar]] and a prominent precursor in the [[biochemical]] synthesis of [[glycosylation\|glycosylated]] proteins and lipids. Glucosamine is part of the structure of two [[polysaccharide]]s, [[chitosan]] and [[chitin]]. Glucosamine is one of the most abundant [[monosaccharide]]s.<ref name="carb"/> Produced commercially by the [[hydrolysis]] of [[shellfish]] [[exoskeleton]]s or, less commonly, by fermentation of a grain such as corn or wheat, glucosamine has many names depending on country.<ref name="drugs-names">{{cite web \|title=Glucosamine \|url=https://www.drugs.com/international/glucosamine.html \|publisher=Drugs.com \|access-date=14 September 2019 \|date=31 July 2019}}</ref>

	Although a common [[dietary supplement]], there is little evidence that it is effective ~~(glucose is my girlfriend's nickname)~~ for relief of [[arthritis]] or [[pain]], and is not an approved [[prescription drug]].<ref name="mlp">{{cite web\|title=Glucosamine sulfate\|url=https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/natural/807.html\|publisher=MedlinePlus, US National Library of Medicine\|date=17 June 2019\|access-date=14 September 2019}}</ref><ref name="Glucosamine hydrochloride">{{cite web \| title=Glucosamine Hydrochloride \| website=MedlinePlus \| date=8 January 2020 \| url=https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/natural/747.html \| access-date=27 January 2020 \| archive-date=28 January 2020 \| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200128054601/https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/natural/747.html \| url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="harvard">{{cite web \|author1=Robert H. Shmerling \|title=The latest on glucosamine/chondroitin supplements \|url=https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/the-latest-on-glucosaminechondroitin-supplements-2016101710391 \|publisher=Harvard Health Publishing, Harvard University Medical School \|access-date=14 September 2019 \|date=17 October 2016}}</ref>		Although a common [[dietary supplement]], there is little evidence that it is effective for relief of [[arthritis]] or [[pain]], and is not an approved [[prescription drug]].<ref name="mlp">{{cite web\|title=Glucosamine sulfate\|url=https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/natural/807.html\|publisher=MedlinePlus, US National Library of Medicine\|date=17 June 2019\|access-date=14 September 2019}}</ref><ref name="Glucosamine hydrochloride">{{cite web \| title=Glucosamine Hydrochloride \| website=MedlinePlus \| date=8 January 2020 \| url=https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/natural/747.html \| access-date=27 January 2020 \| archive-date=28 January 2020 \| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200128054601/https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/natural/747.html \| url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="harvard">{{cite web \|author1=Robert H. Shmerling \|title=The latest on glucosamine/chondroitin supplements \|url=https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/the-latest-on-glucosaminechondroitin-supplements-2016101710391 \|publisher=Harvard Health Publishing, Harvard University Medical School \|access-date=14 September 2019 \|date=17 October 2016}}</ref>

	==Dietary supplement==		==Dietary supplement==

27.114.165.143: Update

2024-01-14T22:14:40Z

Update

← Previous revision		Revision as of 22:14, 14 January 2024
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	'''Glucosamine''' (C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>13</sub>NO<sub>5</sub>) is an [[amino sugar]] and a prominent precursor in the [[biochemical]] synthesis of [[glycosylation\|glycosylated]] proteins and lipids. Glucosamine is part of the structure of two [[polysaccharide]]s, [[chitosan]] and [[chitin]]. Glucosamine is one of the most abundant [[monosaccharide]]s.<ref name="carb"/> Produced commercially by the [[hydrolysis]] of [[shellfish]] [[exoskeleton]]s or, less commonly, by fermentation of a grain such as corn or wheat, glucosamine has many names depending on country.<ref name="drugs-names">{{cite web \|title=Glucosamine \|url=https://www.drugs.com/international/glucosamine.html \|publisher=Drugs.com \|access-date=14 September 2019 \|date=31 July 2019}}</ref>		'''Glucosamine''' (C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>13</sub>NO<sub>5</sub>) is an [[amino sugar]] and a prominent precursor in the [[biochemical]] synthesis of [[glycosylation\|glycosylated]] proteins and lipids. Glucosamine is part of the structure of two [[polysaccharide]]s, [[chitosan]] and [[chitin]]. Glucosamine is one of the most abundant [[monosaccharide]]s.<ref name="carb"/> Produced commercially by the [[hydrolysis]] of [[shellfish]] [[exoskeleton]]s or, less commonly, by fermentation of a grain such as corn or wheat, glucosamine has many names depending on country.<ref name="drugs-names">{{cite web \|title=Glucosamine \|url=https://www.drugs.com/international/glucosamine.html \|publisher=Drugs.com \|access-date=14 September 2019 \|date=31 July 2019}}</ref>

	Although a common [[dietary supplement]], there is little evidence that it is effective for relief of [[arthritis]] or [[pain]], and is not an approved [[prescription drug]].<ref name="mlp">{{cite web\|title=Glucosamine sulfate\|url=https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/natural/807.html\|publisher=MedlinePlus, US National Library of Medicine\|date=17 June 2019\|access-date=14 September 2019}}</ref><ref name="Glucosamine hydrochloride">{{cite web \| title=Glucosamine Hydrochloride \| website=MedlinePlus \| date=8 January 2020 \| url=https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/natural/747.html \| access-date=27 January 2020 \| archive-date=28 January 2020 \| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200128054601/https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/natural/747.html \| url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="harvard">{{cite web \|author1=Robert H. Shmerling \|title=The latest on glucosamine/chondroitin supplements \|url=https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/the-latest-on-glucosaminechondroitin-supplements-2016101710391 \|publisher=Harvard Health Publishing, Harvard University Medical School \|access-date=14 September 2019 \|date=17 October 2016}}</ref>		Although a common [[dietary supplement]], there is little evidence that it is effective (glucose is my girlfriend's nickname) for relief of [[arthritis]] or [[pain]], and is not an approved [[prescription drug]].<ref name="mlp">{{cite web\|title=Glucosamine sulfate\|url=https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/natural/807.html\|publisher=MedlinePlus, US National Library of Medicine\|date=17 June 2019\|access-date=14 September 2019}}</ref><ref name="Glucosamine hydrochloride">{{cite web \| title=Glucosamine Hydrochloride \| website=MedlinePlus \| date=8 January 2020 \| url=https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/natural/747.html \| access-date=27 January 2020 \| archive-date=28 January 2020 \| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200128054601/https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/natural/747.html \| url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="harvard">{{cite web \|author1=Robert H. Shmerling \|title=The latest on glucosamine/chondroitin supplements \|url=https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/the-latest-on-glucosaminechondroitin-supplements-2016101710391 \|publisher=Harvard Health Publishing, Harvard University Medical School \|access-date=14 September 2019 \|date=17 October 2016}}</ref>

	==Dietary supplement==		==Dietary supplement==

AB-Babayo: Added free to read link in citations with OAbot #oabot

2023-12-28T19:32:57Z

Added free to read link in citations with OAbot #oabot

← Previous revision		Revision as of 19:32, 28 December 2023
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	==History==		==History==
	Glucosamine was first prepared in 1876 by [[Georg Ledderhose]] by the [[hydrolysis]] of [[chitin]] with concentrated [[hydrochloric acid]].<ref>{{cite journal\|author=Georg Ledderhose \|year=1876 \|url=https://~~books~~.~~google.com~~/~~books?id=hltBAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA1200~~ \|title=Über salzsaures Glycosamin \|trans-title=On glucosamine hydrochloride \|journal=Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft \|volume=9 \|issue=2 \|pages=1200–1201\|doi=10.1002/cber.18760090251}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal \|author = Ledderhose G \|author-link =Georg Ledderhose\|year = 1879\|journal = Zeitschrift für Physiologische Chemie \|title = Über Chitin und seine Spaltungs-produkte \|trans-title=On chitin and its hydrolysis products \|volume = ii \|pages = 213–227 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal \|author = Ledderhose G \|author-link = Georg Ledderhose\|year = 1880 \|journal = Zeitschrift für Physiologische Chemie\|title = Über Glykosamin\|volume = iv \|pages = 139–159}}</ref> The [[stereochemistry]] was not fully determined until the 1939 work of [[Walter Haworth]].<ref name="carb">{{cite book		Glucosamine was first prepared in 1876 by [[Georg Ledderhose]] by the [[hydrolysis]] of [[chitin]] with concentrated [[hydrochloric acid]].<ref>{{cite journal\|author=Georg Ledderhose \|year=1876 \|url=https://zenodo.org/record/1425112/files/article.pdf \|title=Über salzsaures Glycosamin \|trans-title=On glucosamine hydrochloride \|journal=Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft \|volume=9 \|issue=2 \|pages=1200–1201\|doi=10.1002/cber.18760090251}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal \|author = Ledderhose G \|author-link =Georg Ledderhose\|year = 1879\|journal = Zeitschrift für Physiologische Chemie \|title = Über Chitin und seine Spaltungs-produkte \|trans-title=On chitin and its hydrolysis products \|volume = ii \|pages = 213–227 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal \|author = Ledderhose G \|author-link = Georg Ledderhose\|year = 1880 \|journal = Zeitschrift für Physiologische Chemie\|title = Über Glykosamin\|volume = iv \|pages = 139–159}}</ref> The [[stereochemistry]] was not fully determined until the 1939 work of [[Walter Haworth]].<ref name="carb">{{cite book
	\|vauthors=Pigman WW, Horton D, Wander JD \| title =The Carbohydrates		\|vauthors=Pigman WW, Horton D, Wander JD \| title =The Carbohydrates
	\| volume =IB		\| volume =IB

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	=== United States ===		=== United States ===
	In the United States, glucosamine is not approved by the [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA) for medical use in humans.<ref name="FDA2004">{{cite web \| url=https://www.fda.gov/Food/IngredientsPackagingLabeling/LabelingNutrition/ucm073400.htm \| title=Letter Regarding the Relationship Between the Consumption of Glucosamine and/or Chondroitin Sulfate and a Reduced Risk of: Osteoarthritis; Osteoarthritis-related Joint Pain, Joint Tenderness, and Joint Swelling; Joint Degeneration; and Cartilage Deterioration (Docket No. 2004P-0059) \| ~~author~~=Hubbard ~~WK,~~ ~~Associate~~ ~~Commissioner of Policy~~ ~~and~~ ~~Planning~~ \| date=7 October 2004 \| publisher=U.S. [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA) \| access-date=14 May 2014 \| quote=FDA concludes that there is no credible evidence to support qualified health claims for glucosamine or chondroitin sulfate and reduced risk of osteoarthritis (OA), joint degeneration (JD), or cartilage deterioration (CD). \| archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/7993/20171115122116/https://www.fda.gov/Food/IngredientsPackagingLabeling/LabelingNutrition/ucm073400.htm \| archive-date=15 November 2017 \| url-status=dead }}</ref> Since glucosamine is classified as a [[dietary supplement]] in the United States, evidence of safety is required by FDA regulations, but evidence of efficacy is not required so long as it is not advertised as a treatment for a medical condition.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/~dms/supplmnt.html \|title=Dietary Supplements \|publisher=U.S. [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA) \|access-date=December 10, 2009 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090512085828/http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/~dms/supplmnt.html \| archive-date=2009-05-12 \| url-status=dead}}</ref>		In the United States, glucosamine is not approved by the [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA) for medical use in humans.<ref name="FDA2004">{{cite web \| url=https://www.fda.gov/Food/IngredientsPackagingLabeling/LabelingNutrition/ucm073400.htm \| title=Letter Regarding the Relationship Between the Consumption of Glucosamine and/or Chondroitin Sulfate and a Reduced Risk of: Osteoarthritis; Osteoarthritis-related Joint Pain, Joint Tenderness, and Joint Swelling; Joint Degeneration; and Cartilage Deterioration (Docket No. 2004P-0059) \| last=Hubbard \| first = W. K. \| date=7 October 2004 \| publisher=U.S. [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA) \| access-date=14 May 2014 \| quote=FDA concludes that there is no credible evidence to support qualified health claims for glucosamine or chondroitin sulfate and reduced risk of osteoarthritis (OA), joint degeneration (JD), or cartilage deterioration (CD). \| archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/7993/20171115122116/https://www.fda.gov/Food/IngredientsPackagingLabeling/LabelingNutrition/ucm073400.htm \| archive-date=15 November 2017 \| url-status=dead }}</ref> Since glucosamine is classified as a [[dietary supplement]] in the United States, evidence of safety is required by FDA regulations, but evidence of efficacy is not required so long as it is not advertised as a treatment for a medical condition.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/~dms/supplmnt.html \|title=Dietary Supplements \|publisher=U.S. [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA) \|access-date=December 10, 2009 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090512085828/http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/~dms/supplmnt.html \| archive-date=2009-05-12 \| url-status=dead}}</ref>

	In 2004, the FDA declared there was insufficient evidence for supplement manufacturers to state that glucosamine was effective for treating arthritis, joint degeneration, or [[cartilage]] deterioration, a position remaining in effect as of 2018.<ref name="fda-den">{{cite web \|title=Qualified Health Claims: Letters of Denial, Osteoarthritis \|url=https://www.fda.gov/food/food-labeling-nutrition/qualified-health-claims-letters-denial \|publisher=U.S. [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA) \|access-date=14 September 2019 \|date=13 December 2018}}</ref><ref name="FDA2004" />		In 2004, the FDA declared there was insufficient evidence for supplement manufacturers to state that glucosamine was effective for treating arthritis, joint degeneration, or [[cartilage]] deterioration, a position remaining in effect as of 2018.<ref name="fda-den">{{cite web \|title=Qualified Health Claims: Letters of Denial, Osteoarthritis \|url=https://www.fda.gov/food/food-labeling-nutrition/qualified-health-claims-letters-denial \|publisher=U.S. [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA) \|access-date=14 September 2019 \|date=13 December 2018}}</ref><ref name="FDA2004" />