Guided Democracy in Indonesia - Revision history

Monkbot: Task 20: replace {lang-??} templates with {langx|??} ‹See Tfd› (Replaced 2);

2024-10-31T14:28:36Z

Task 20: replace {lang-??} templates with {langx|??} ‹See Tfd› (Replaced 2);

← Previous revision		Revision as of 14:28, 31 October 2024
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	{{History of Indonesia}}		{{History of Indonesia}}

	'''Guided Democracy''' ({{~~Lang-~~id\|Demokrasi Terpimpin}}), also called the '''Old Order''' ({{~~lang-~~id\|Orde Lama}}), was the political system in place in [[Indonesia]] from 1959 until the [[New Order (Indonesia)\|New Order]] began in 1966. This period followed the dissolution of the [[liberal democracy period in Indonesia]] by President [[Sukarno]], who centralized control in the name of [[political stability]]. He claimed to have based the system based on the traditional village system of discussion and consensus, which occurred under the guidance of village elders. On the national level, however, this meant centralized rule under Sukarno: martial law, a massive reduction in civil liberties and democratic norms, and the [[Indonesian National Armed Forces]] and [[Communist Party of Indonesia]] acting as major power blocs.		'''Guided Democracy''' ({{Langx\|id\|Demokrasi Terpimpin}}), also called the '''Old Order''' ({{langx\|id\|Orde Lama}}), was the political system in place in [[Indonesia]] from 1959 until the [[New Order (Indonesia)\|New Order]] began in 1966. This period followed the dissolution of the [[liberal democracy period in Indonesia]] by President [[Sukarno]], who centralized control in the name of [[political stability]]. He claimed to have based the system based on the traditional village system of discussion and consensus, which occurred under the guidance of village elders. On the national level, however, this meant centralized rule under Sukarno: martial law, a massive reduction in civil liberties and democratic norms, and the [[Indonesian National Armed Forces]] and [[Communist Party of Indonesia]] acting as major power blocs.

	Sukarno proposed a threefold blend of {{Lang\|id\|nasionalisme}} ([[Indonesian nationalism\|nationalism]]), {{Lang\|id\|agama}} ([[Religion in Indonesia\|religion]]), and {{Lang\|id\|komunisme}} ([[communism]]) into a co-operative '''Nas-A-Kom''' or '''Nasakom''' governmental concept. This was intended to satisfy the four main factions in [[Indonesian politics]]—the [[Indonesian National Armed Forces\|army]], the secular nationalists, [[Islam in Indonesia\|Islamic groups]], and the communists. With the support of the military, he proclaimed Guided Democracy in 1959 and proposed a cabinet representing all major political parties including the [[Communist Party of Indonesia]], although the latter were never actually given functional cabinet positions.		Sukarno proposed a threefold blend of {{Lang\|id\|nasionalisme}} ([[Indonesian nationalism\|nationalism]]), {{Lang\|id\|agama}} ([[Religion in Indonesia\|religion]]), and {{Lang\|id\|komunisme}} ([[communism]]) into a co-operative '''Nas-A-Kom''' or '''Nasakom''' governmental concept. This was intended to satisfy the four main factions in [[Indonesian politics]]—the [[Indonesian National Armed Forces\|army]], the secular nationalists, [[Islam in Indonesia\|Islamic groups]], and the communists. With the support of the military, he proclaimed Guided Democracy in 1959 and proposed a cabinet representing all major political parties including the [[Communist Party of Indonesia]], although the latter were never actually given functional cabinet positions.

JMRAMOS0109: /* Rise of the political roles of the armed forces and police */

2024-10-15T14:01:31Z

Rise of the political roles of the armed forces and police

← Previous revision		Revision as of 14:01, 15 October 2024
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	=== Rise of the political roles of the armed forces and police ===		=== Rise of the political roles of the armed forces and police ===
	The 1960 decision by Sukarno to appoint sectoral representatives each to the Provisional People's Consultative Assembly and the Mutual Cooperation - ~~People's~~ ~~Representative Council~~ began 44 years of a military and police presence in the legislature. Some of the 241 sectoral MPs appointed to the PPCA were active duty personnel of the armed forces and police which gave an even more political role for the armed forces, which served as counterbalance to the PKI presence in the legislature. These armed forces and police representatives thus formed a [[loyal opposition]] to the PKI in the legislative branch. To counter the PKI-supported [[Central All-Indonesian Workers Organization]], the SOKSI (''Central Workers' Organization of Indonesia'') was established in late 1961 with strong armed forces support, three years later, in October 1964, the Sekber Golkar (''Sekretariat Bersama Golongan Karya'', or Joint Secretariat of Functional Groups), the future [[Golkar]] Party, was established to unite the many anti-communist organizations that have been led and sponsored by the armed forces and police.<ref>{{cite web \|title=Sejarah Partai Golkar \|website=Golkar official site \|url=http://www.golkar.or.id/sejarah-partai-golkar}}</ref> Among the 60 armed forces organizations under the Golkar umbrella, aside from the SOKSI, were the Kosgoro (Union of Mutual Cooperation Multifunction Organizations), MKGR (Mutual Assistance Families Association) and the Gerakan Karya Rakyat (People's Working Movement). Even as some personnel in the armed forces and police sided with the PKI and many were either sympathizers or joining in increasing numbers (including personnel of the Marine Corps, Air Force and the Police Mobile Brigade Corps), majority of the active military personnel and sworn police officers were anti-Communists, including many top Army officers.{{citation needed\|date=October 2020}}		The 1960 decision by Sukarno to appoint sectoral representatives each to the Provisional People's Consultative Assembly and the Mutual Cooperation House of Representatives began 44 years of a military and police presence in the legislature. Some of the 241 sectoral MPs appointed to the PPCA were active duty personnel of the armed forces and police which gave an even more political role for the armed forces, which served as counterbalance to the PKI presence in the legislature. These armed forces and police representatives thus formed a [[loyal opposition]] to the PKI in the legislative branch. To counter the PKI-supported [[Central All-Indonesian Workers Organization]], the SOKSI (''Central Workers' Organization of Indonesia'') was established in late 1961 with strong armed forces support, three years later, in October 1964, the Sekber Golkar (''Sekretariat Bersama Golongan Karya'', or Joint Secretariat of Functional Groups), the future [[Golkar]] Party, was established to unite the many anti-communist organizations that have been led and sponsored by the armed forces and police.<ref>{{cite web \|title=Sejarah Partai Golkar \|website=Golkar official site \|url=http://www.golkar.or.id/sejarah-partai-golkar}}</ref> Among the 60 armed forces organizations under the Golkar umbrella, aside from the SOKSI, were the Kosgoro (Union of Mutual Cooperation Multifunction Organizations), MKGR (Mutual Assistance Families Association) and the Gerakan Karya Rakyat (People's Working Movement). Even as some personnel in the armed forces and police sided with the PKI and many were either sympathizers or joining in increasing numbers (including personnel of the Marine Corps, Air Force and the Police Mobile Brigade Corps), majority of the active military personnel and sworn police officers were anti-Communists, including many top Army officers.{{citation needed\|date=October 2020}}

	Aside from the legislative branch, the armed forces and police also began to be present even in the executive, with Sukarno appointing many officers from the services to government ministries in the state cabinet aside from the Ministry of Defense and Security. In the March 1963 General Session of the PPCA in Bandung in West Java, Sukarno, in a major violation of the 1945 Constitution, was elected to the life presidency (''Presiden Seumur Hidup/Panglima Besar Revolusi'') with the help of the armed forces and police, including their deputies to the assembly as suggested by Nasution, in a major blow to the PKI's plans for the presidential post.{{citation needed\|date=October 2020}}		Aside from the legislative branch, the armed forces and police also began to be present even in the executive, with Sukarno appointing many officers from the services to government ministries in the state cabinet aside from the Ministry of Defense and Security. In the March 1963 General Session of the PPCA in Bandung in West Java, Sukarno, in a major violation of the 1945 Constitution, was elected to the life presidency (''Presiden Seumur Hidup/Panglima Besar Revolusi'') with the help of the armed forces and police, including their deputies to the assembly as suggested by Nasution, in a major blow to the PKI's plans for the presidential post.{{citation needed\|date=October 2020}}

JarrahTree: removed Category:Guided democracy using HotCat - per user talk and the issue of parent cat

2024-08-06T15:26:00Z

removed Category:Guided democracy using HotCat - per user talk and the issue of parent cat

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	{{DEFAULTSORT:Guided Democracy In Indonesia}}		{{DEFAULTSORT:Guided Democracy In Indonesia}}
	[[Category:Guided democracy]]
	[[Category:Guided Democracy in Indonesia\| ]]		[[Category:Guided Democracy in Indonesia\| ]]
	[[Category:Sukarno]]		[[Category:Sukarno]]

JD John M. Turner: add category

2024-08-06T15:19:42Z

add category

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	{{DEFAULTSORT:Guided Democracy In Indonesia}}		{{DEFAULTSORT:Guided Democracy In Indonesia}}
			[[Category:Guided democracy]]
	[[Category:Guided Democracy in Indonesia\| ]]		[[Category:Guided Democracy in Indonesia\| ]]
	[[Category:Sukarno]]		[[Category:Sukarno]]

RyanW1995 at 13:09, 6 July 2024

2024-07-06T13:09:42Z

← Previous revision		Revision as of 13:09, 6 July 2024
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	\| monarch =		\| monarch =
	\| leaders= [[Sukarno]]		\| leaders= [[Sukarno]]
	\| key_events = {{bulleted list\|[[President Sukarno's 1959 Decree]]\|[[~~Indonesia–Malaysia~~ ~~confrontation~~]]\|[[~~Operation~~ ~~Trikora~~]]\|[[CONEFO\|Withdrawal from the United Nations]]\|[[NASAKOM]]\|[[Transition to the New Order]]}}		\| key_events = {{bulleted list\|[[President Sukarno's 1959 Decree]]\|[[Operation Trikora]]\|[[Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation]]\|[[CONEFO\|Withdrawal from the United Nations]]\|[[NASAKOM]]\|[[Transition to the New Order]]}}
	}}		}}
	{{History of Indonesia}}		{{History of Indonesia}}

RyanW1995: change caption

2024-07-06T13:09:11Z

change caption

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	\| image =File:1959 Decree 1.jpg		\| image =File:1959 Decree 1.jpg
	\| alt =		\| alt =
	\| caption = President Sukarno reading his ~~decree~~ of 5 July 1959		\| caption = President Sukarno reading his Presidential Decree of 5 July 1959
	\| before = [[Liberal democracy period in Indonesia\|Indonesian Liberal Democracy]]		\| before = [[Liberal democracy period in Indonesia\|Indonesian Liberal Democracy]]
	\| including =		\| including =

RyanW1995 at 13:07, 6 July 2024

2024-07-06T13:07:19Z

← Previous revision		Revision as of 13:07, 6 July 2024
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	\| monarch =		\| monarch =
	\| leaders= [[Sukarno]]		\| leaders= [[Sukarno]]
	\| key_events = {{~~ubl~~\|[[President Sukarno's 1959 Decree]]\|[[Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation]]\|[[Operation Trikora]]\|[[CONEFO\|Withdrawal from the United Nations]]\|[[NASAKOM]]\|[[Transition to the New Order]]}}		\| key_events = {{bulleted list\|[[President Sukarno's 1959 Decree]]\|[[Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation]]\|[[Operation Trikora]]\|[[CONEFO\|Withdrawal from the United Nations]]\|[[NASAKOM]]\|[[Transition to the New Order]]}}
	}}		}}
	{{History of Indonesia}}		{{History of Indonesia}}

RyanW1995 at 13:06, 6 July 2024

2024-07-06T13:06:13Z

← Previous revision		Revision as of 13:06, 6 July 2024
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	\| monarch =		\| monarch =
	\| leaders= [[Sukarno]]		\| leaders= [[Sukarno]]
	\| key_events = {{~~bulleted list~~\|[[President Sukarno's 1959 Decree]]\|[[Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation]]\|[[Operation Trikora]]\|[[CONEFO\|Withdrawal from the United Nations]]\|[[NASAKOM]]\|[[Transition to the New Order]]}}		\| key_events = {{ubl\|[[President Sukarno's 1959 Decree]]\|[[Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation]]\|[[Operation Trikora]]\|[[CONEFO\|Withdrawal from the United Nations]]\|[[NASAKOM]]\|[[Transition to the New Order]]}}
	}}		}}
	{{History of Indonesia}}		{{History of Indonesia}}

RyanW1995 at 13:05, 6 July 2024

2024-07-06T13:05:00Z

← Previous revision		Revision as of 13:05, 6 July 2024
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	\| before = [[Liberal democracy period in Indonesia\|Indonesian Liberal Democracy]]		\| before = [[Liberal democracy period in Indonesia\|Indonesian Liberal Democracy]]
	\| including =		\| including =
	\| after = [[Transition to the New Order]]		\| after = [[Transition to the New Order]]
	\| monarch =		\| monarch =
	\| leaders= [[Sukarno]]		\| leaders= [[Sukarno]]

Dan Carkner: CE

2024-07-02T15:56:47Z

← Previous revision		Revision as of 15:56, 2 July 2024
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	{{History of Indonesia}}		{{History of Indonesia}}

	'''Guided Democracy''' ({{Lang-id\|Demokrasi Terpimpin}}), also called the '''Old Order''' ({{lang-id\|Orde Lama}}), was the political system in place in [[Indonesia]] from 1959 until the [[New Order (Indonesia)\|New Order]] began in 1966. ~~The Guided Democracy~~ period followed the dissolution of the [[liberal democracy period in Indonesia]] by President [[Sukarno]], who centralized control in the name of [[political stability]]. He claimed to have based the system based on the traditional village system of discussion and consensus, which occurred under the guidance of village elders. On the national level, however, this meant centralized rule under Sukarno: martial law, a massive reduction in civil liberties and democratic norms, and the [[Indonesian National Armed Forces]] and [[Communist Party of Indonesia]] acting as major power blocs.		'''Guided Democracy''' ({{Lang-id\|Demokrasi Terpimpin}}), also called the '''Old Order''' ({{lang-id\|Orde Lama}}), was the political system in place in [[Indonesia]] from 1959 until the [[New Order (Indonesia)\|New Order]] began in 1966. This period followed the dissolution of the [[liberal democracy period in Indonesia]] by President [[Sukarno]], who centralized control in the name of [[political stability]]. He claimed to have based the system based on the traditional village system of discussion and consensus, which occurred under the guidance of village elders. On the national level, however, this meant centralized rule under Sukarno: martial law, a massive reduction in civil liberties and democratic norms, and the [[Indonesian National Armed Forces]] and [[Communist Party of Indonesia]] acting as major power blocs.

	Sukarno proposed a threefold blend of {{Lang\|id\|nasionalisme}} ([[Indonesian nationalism\|nationalism]]), {{Lang\|id\|agama}} ([[Religion in Indonesia\|religion]]), and {{Lang\|id\|komunisme}} ([[communism]]) into a co-operative '''Nas-A-Kom''' or '''Nasakom''' governmental concept. This was intended to satisfy the four main factions in [[Indonesian politics]]—the [[Indonesian National Armed Forces\|army]], the secular nationalists, [[Islam in Indonesia\|Islamic groups]], and the communists. With the support of the military, he proclaimed Guided Democracy in 1959 and proposed a cabinet representing all major political parties including the [[Communist Party of Indonesia]], although the latter were never actually given functional cabinet positions.		Sukarno proposed a threefold blend of {{Lang\|id\|nasionalisme}} ([[Indonesian nationalism\|nationalism]]), {{Lang\|id\|agama}} ([[Religion in Indonesia\|religion]]), and {{Lang\|id\|komunisme}} ([[communism]]) into a co-operative '''Nas-A-Kom''' or '''Nasakom''' governmental concept. This was intended to satisfy the four main factions in [[Indonesian politics]]—the [[Indonesian National Armed Forces\|army]], the secular nationalists, [[Islam in Indonesia\|Islamic groups]], and the communists. With the support of the military, he proclaimed Guided Democracy in 1959 and proposed a cabinet representing all major political parties including the [[Communist Party of Indonesia]], although the latter were never actually given functional cabinet positions.