Gun control - Revision history

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← Previous revision		Revision as of 09:17, 17 September 2024
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	* {{cite journal\|last1=Betz\|first1=Marian\|last2=Ranney\|first2=Megan\|last3=Wintemute\|first3=Garen\|date=21 January 2016\|title=Frozen Funding on Firearm Research: "Doing Nothing Is No Longer an Acceptable Solution" \|journal=Western Journal of Emergency Medicine\|volume=17\|issue=1\|pages=91–93\|pmid=26823941\|pmc=4729430 \|doi=10.5811/westjem.2016.1.29767}}		* {{cite journal\|last1=Betz\|first1=Marian\|last2=Ranney\|first2=Megan\|last3=Wintemute\|first3=Garen\|date=21 January 2016\|title=Frozen Funding on Firearm Research: "Doing Nothing Is No Longer an Acceptable Solution" \|journal=Western Journal of Emergency Medicine\|volume=17\|issue=1\|pages=91–93\|pmid=26823941\|pmc=4729430 \|doi=10.5811/westjem.2016.1.29767}}
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	* {{Cite journal \|last1=Blais \|first1=Étienne \|last2=Gagné \|first2=Marie-Pier \|last3=Linteau \|first3=Isabelle \|title=L'Effet des lois en matière de contrôle des armes à feu sur les homicides au Canada, 1974–2004 \|journal=Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice \|volume=53 \|pages=27–61 \|year=2011 \|s2cid=143960174 \|doi=10.3138/cjccj.53.1.27}}		* {{Cite journal \|last1=Blais \|first1=Étienne \|last2=Gagné \|first2=Marie-Pier \|last3=Linteau \|first3=Isabelle \|title=L'Effet des lois en matière de contrôle des armes à feu sur les homicides au Canada, 1974–2004 \|journal=Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice \|volume=53 \|pages=27–61 \|year=2011 \|issue=1 \|s2cid=143960174 \|doi=10.3138/cjccj.53.1.27}}
	<!-- {{sfn\|Branas et al.\|2009\|p=??}} -->		<!-- {{sfn\|Branas et al.\|2009\|p=??}} -->
	* {{Cite journal \|last1=Branas \|first1=C. C. \|last2=Richmond \|first2=T. S. \|last3=Culhane \|first3=D. P. \|last4=Ten Have \|first4=T. R. \|last5=Wiebe \|first5=D. J. \|display-authors=3 \|title=Investigating the Link Between Gun Possession and Gun Assault \|journal=American Journal of Public Health \|volume=99 \|issue=11 \|pages=2034–40 \|year=2009 \|pmid=19762675 \|pmc=2759797 \|doi=10.2105/AJPH.2008.143099 \|ref={{harvid\|Branas et al.\|2009}}}}		* {{Cite journal \|last1=Branas \|first1=C. C. \|last2=Richmond \|first2=T. S. \|last3=Culhane \|first3=D. P. \|last4=Ten Have \|first4=T. R. \|last5=Wiebe \|first5=D. J. \|display-authors=3 \|title=Investigating the Link Between Gun Possession and Gun Assault \|journal=American Journal of Public Health \|volume=99 \|issue=11 \|pages=2034–40 \|year=2009 \|pmid=19762675 \|pmc=2759797 \|doi=10.2105/AJPH.2008.143099 \|ref={{harvid\|Branas et al.\|2009}}}}

Daskarian: Arendel

2024-09-12T17:45:30Z

Arendel

← Previous revision		Revision as of 17:45, 12 September 2024
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	Most countries allow civilians to own firearms, but have strong firearms laws to prevent violence. Only a few countries, such as [[Namibia]], [[Yemen]] and the [[United States]] are categorized as permissive.{{efn\|name="sydney"\|{{asof\|2022\|April}}, the only countries with permissive gun legislation are: Chad, Republic of Congo, Honduras, Micronesia, Namibia, Nigeria, Pakistan, Senegal, Switzerland, Tanzania, the United States, Yemen, and Zambia.}}<ref>{{cite web \|last1=Alpers \|first1=Philip \|last2=Wilson \|first2=Marcus \|title=Guns in the United Nations: Firearm Regulation - Guiding Policy \|publisher=Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney \|url=https://www.gunpolicy.org/firearms/compare/193/firearm_regulation_-_guiding_policy/3,6,7,8,10,11,12,13,16,17,18,19,22,26,27,28,217,29,30,218,31,38,39,40,41,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,222,52,56,57,58,60,61,62,64,65,66,69,71,72,74,75,77,78,79,81,82,83,86,90,91,94,95,233,99,100,102,234,104,105,107,108,110,111,112,236,238,113,114,116,241,118,121,122,123,125,128,129,131,136,137,139,140,142,143,144,145,146,148,149,150,152,153,154,155,158,159,162,163,247,164,166,170,172,174,249,251,175,252,177,178,180,182,183,54,184,185,186,187,188,189,190,192,194,195,197,199,200,204,205,206,15,120,173 \|access-date=August 27, 2016 \|date=9 June 2020 \|via=GunPolicy.org \|archive-date=2021-04-18 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418071137/https://www.gunpolicy.org/firearms/compare/193/firearm_regulation_-_guiding_policy/3,6,7,8,10,11,12,13,16,17,18,19,22,26,27,28,217,29,30,218,31,38,39,40,41,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,222,52,56,57,58,60,61,62,64,65,66,69,71,72,74,75,77,78,79,81,82,83,86,90,91,94,95,233,99,100,102,234,104,105,107,108,110,111,112,236,238,113,114,116,241,118,121,122,123,125,128,129,131,136,137,139,140,142,143,144,145,146,148,149,150,152,153,154,155,158,159,162,163,247,164,166,170,172,174,249,251,175,252,177,178,180,182,183,54,184,185,186,187,188,189,190,192,194,195,197,199,200,204,205,206,15,120,173 \|url-status=live }}</ref>		Most countries allow civilians to own firearms, but have strong firearms laws to prevent violence. Only a few countries, such as [[Namibia]], [[Yemen]] and the [[United States]] are categorized as permissive.{{efn\|name="sydney"\|{{asof\|2022\|April}}, the only countries with permissive gun legislation are: Chad, Republic of Congo, Honduras, Micronesia, Namibia, Nigeria, Pakistan, Senegal, Switzerland, Tanzania, the United States, Yemen, and Zambia.}}<ref>{{cite web \|last1=Alpers \|first1=Philip \|last2=Wilson \|first2=Marcus \|title=Guns in the United Nations: Firearm Regulation - Guiding Policy \|publisher=Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney \|url=https://www.gunpolicy.org/firearms/compare/193/firearm_regulation_-_guiding_policy/3,6,7,8,10,11,12,13,16,17,18,19,22,26,27,28,217,29,30,218,31,38,39,40,41,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,222,52,56,57,58,60,61,62,64,65,66,69,71,72,74,75,77,78,79,81,82,83,86,90,91,94,95,233,99,100,102,234,104,105,107,108,110,111,112,236,238,113,114,116,241,118,121,122,123,125,128,129,131,136,137,139,140,142,143,144,145,146,148,149,150,152,153,154,155,158,159,162,163,247,164,166,170,172,174,249,251,175,252,177,178,180,182,183,54,184,185,186,187,188,189,190,192,194,195,197,199,200,204,205,206,15,120,173 \|access-date=August 27, 2016 \|date=9 June 2020 \|via=GunPolicy.org \|archive-date=2021-04-18 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418071137/https://www.gunpolicy.org/firearms/compare/193/firearm_regulation_-_guiding_policy/3,6,7,8,10,11,12,13,16,17,18,19,22,26,27,28,217,29,30,218,31,38,39,40,41,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,222,52,56,57,58,60,61,62,64,65,66,69,71,72,74,75,77,78,79,81,82,83,86,90,91,94,95,233,99,100,102,234,104,105,107,108,110,111,112,236,238,113,114,116,241,118,121,122,123,125,128,129,131,136,137,139,140,142,143,144,145,146,148,149,150,152,153,154,155,158,159,162,163,247,164,166,170,172,174,249,251,175,252,177,178,180,182,183,54,184,185,186,187,188,189,190,192,194,195,197,199,200,204,205,206,15,120,173 \|url-status=live }}</ref>

	Jurisdictions that regulate civilian access to firearms typically restrict ownership of certain lethal firearms, and require a gun safety course or [[firearms ~~license\|~~license]] to own or carry a weapon.		Jurisdictions that regulate civilian access to firearms typically restrict ownership of certain lethal firearms, and require a mandatory gun safety course or [[firearms license]] to own or carry a weapon.

	In some countries, such as [[Gun law in the United States\|the United States]], gun control measures can be implemented at the national, state, or local levels.		In some countries, such as [[Gun law in the United States\|the United States]], gun control measures can be implemented at the national, state, or local levels.

Daskarian at 17:38, 12 September 2024

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	Most countries allow civilians to own firearms, but have strong firearms laws to prevent violence. Only a few countries, such as [[Namibia]], [[Yemen]] and the [[United States]] are categorized as permissive.{{efn\|name="sydney"\|{{asof\|2022\|April}}, the only countries with permissive gun legislation are: Chad, Republic of Congo, Honduras, Micronesia, Namibia, Nigeria, Pakistan, Senegal, Switzerland, Tanzania, the United States, Yemen, and Zambia.}}<ref>{{cite web \|last1=Alpers \|first1=Philip \|last2=Wilson \|first2=Marcus \|title=Guns in the United Nations: Firearm Regulation - Guiding Policy \|publisher=Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney \|url=https://www.gunpolicy.org/firearms/compare/193/firearm_regulation_-_guiding_policy/3,6,7,8,10,11,12,13,16,17,18,19,22,26,27,28,217,29,30,218,31,38,39,40,41,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,222,52,56,57,58,60,61,62,64,65,66,69,71,72,74,75,77,78,79,81,82,83,86,90,91,94,95,233,99,100,102,234,104,105,107,108,110,111,112,236,238,113,114,116,241,118,121,122,123,125,128,129,131,136,137,139,140,142,143,144,145,146,148,149,150,152,153,154,155,158,159,162,163,247,164,166,170,172,174,249,251,175,252,177,178,180,182,183,54,184,185,186,187,188,189,190,192,194,195,197,199,200,204,205,206,15,120,173 \|access-date=August 27, 2016 \|date=9 June 2020 \|via=GunPolicy.org \|archive-date=2021-04-18 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418071137/https://www.gunpolicy.org/firearms/compare/193/firearm_regulation_-_guiding_policy/3,6,7,8,10,11,12,13,16,17,18,19,22,26,27,28,217,29,30,218,31,38,39,40,41,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,222,52,56,57,58,60,61,62,64,65,66,69,71,72,74,75,77,78,79,81,82,83,86,90,91,94,95,233,99,100,102,234,104,105,107,108,110,111,112,236,238,113,114,116,241,118,121,122,123,125,128,129,131,136,137,139,140,142,143,144,145,146,148,149,150,152,153,154,155,158,159,162,163,247,164,166,170,172,174,249,251,175,252,177,178,180,182,183,54,184,185,186,187,188,189,190,192,194,195,197,199,200,204,205,206,15,120,173 \|url-status=live }}</ref>		Most countries allow civilians to own firearms, but have strong firearms laws to prevent violence. Only a few countries, such as [[Namibia]], [[Yemen]] and the [[United States]] are categorized as permissive.{{efn\|name="sydney"\|{{asof\|2022\|April}}, the only countries with permissive gun legislation are: Chad, Republic of Congo, Honduras, Micronesia, Namibia, Nigeria, Pakistan, Senegal, Switzerland, Tanzania, the United States, Yemen, and Zambia.}}<ref>{{cite web \|last1=Alpers \|first1=Philip \|last2=Wilson \|first2=Marcus \|title=Guns in the United Nations: Firearm Regulation - Guiding Policy \|publisher=Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney \|url=https://www.gunpolicy.org/firearms/compare/193/firearm_regulation_-_guiding_policy/3,6,7,8,10,11,12,13,16,17,18,19,22,26,27,28,217,29,30,218,31,38,39,40,41,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,222,52,56,57,58,60,61,62,64,65,66,69,71,72,74,75,77,78,79,81,82,83,86,90,91,94,95,233,99,100,102,234,104,105,107,108,110,111,112,236,238,113,114,116,241,118,121,122,123,125,128,129,131,136,137,139,140,142,143,144,145,146,148,149,150,152,153,154,155,158,159,162,163,247,164,166,170,172,174,249,251,175,252,177,178,180,182,183,54,184,185,186,187,188,189,190,192,194,195,197,199,200,204,205,206,15,120,173 \|access-date=August 27, 2016 \|date=9 June 2020 \|via=GunPolicy.org \|archive-date=2021-04-18 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418071137/https://www.gunpolicy.org/firearms/compare/193/firearm_regulation_-_guiding_policy/3,6,7,8,10,11,12,13,16,17,18,19,22,26,27,28,217,29,30,218,31,38,39,40,41,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,222,52,56,57,58,60,61,62,64,65,66,69,71,72,74,75,77,78,79,81,82,83,86,90,91,94,95,233,99,100,102,234,104,105,107,108,110,111,112,236,238,113,114,116,241,118,121,122,123,125,128,129,131,136,137,139,140,142,143,144,145,146,148,149,150,152,153,154,155,158,159,162,163,247,164,166,170,172,174,249,251,175,252,177,178,180,182,183,54,184,185,186,187,188,189,190,192,194,195,197,199,200,204,205,206,15,120,173 \|url-status=live }}</ref>

	Jurisdictions that regulate civilian access to firearms typically restrict ownership of certain lethal firearms, and require a [[firearms license\|license]] to own or carry a weapon.		Jurisdictions that regulate civilian access to firearms typically restrict ownership of certain lethal firearms, and require a gun safety course or [[firearms license\|license]] to own or carry a weapon.

	In some countries, such as [[Gun law in the United States\|the United States]], gun control measures can be implemented at the national, state, or local levels.		In some countries, such as [[Gun law in the United States\|the United States]], gun control measures can be implemented at the national, state, or local levels.

Daskarian at 17:38, 12 September 2024

2024-09-12T17:38:03Z

← Previous revision		Revision as of 17:38, 12 September 2024
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	'''Gun control''', or '''firearms regulation''', is the set of laws or policies that regulate the manufacture, sale, transfer, possession, modification, or use of [[firearm]]s by civilians.<ref>Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (2005). [https://www.atf.gov/file/58686/download Federal Firearms Regulations Reference Guide (PDF).] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210424054342/https://www.atf.gov/file/58686/download \|date=2021-04-24 }} U.S. Department of Justice. Retrieved: January 3, 2016.</ref><ref>{{Cite web\| url=https://www.loc.gov/law/help/firearms-control/\| title=Firearms-Control Legislation and Policy\| website=[[Library of Congress]]\| access-date=2016-03-22 \| archive-date=2022-05-30 \| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220530145418/https://www.loc.gov/collections/publications-of-the-law-library-of-congress/about-this-collection/\| url-status=live}}</ref>		'''Gun control''', or '''firearms regulation''', is the set of laws or policies that regulate the manufacture, sale, transfer, possession, modification, or use of [[firearm]]s by civilians.<ref>Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (2005). [https://www.atf.gov/file/58686/download Federal Firearms Regulations Reference Guide (PDF).] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210424054342/https://www.atf.gov/file/58686/download \|date=2021-04-24 }} U.S. Department of Justice. Retrieved: January 3, 2016.</ref><ref>{{Cite web\| url=https://www.loc.gov/law/help/firearms-control/\| title=Firearms-Control Legislation and Policy\| website=[[Library of Congress]]\| access-date=2016-03-22 \| archive-date=2022-05-30 \| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220530145418/https://www.loc.gov/collections/publications-of-the-law-library-of-congress/about-this-collection/\| url-status=live}}</ref>

	~~[[Overview~~ of ~~gun~~ ~~laws~~ by ~~nation\|Most~~ ~~countries~~ have ~~relatively restrictive~~ firearms laws]], ~~with~~ ~~only~~ a ~~few~~ ~~being~~ categorized as permissive.{{efn\|name="sydney"\|{{asof\|2022\|April}}, the only countries with permissive gun legislation are: Chad, Republic of Congo, Honduras, Micronesia, Namibia, Nigeria, Pakistan, Senegal, Switzerland, Tanzania, the United States, Yemen, and Zambia.}}<ref>{{cite web \|last1=Alpers \|first1=Philip \|last2=Wilson \|first2=Marcus \|title=Guns in the United Nations: Firearm Regulation - Guiding Policy \|publisher=Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney \|url=https://www.gunpolicy.org/firearms/compare/193/firearm_regulation_-_guiding_policy/3,6,7,8,10,11,12,13,16,17,18,19,22,26,27,28,217,29,30,218,31,38,39,40,41,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,222,52,56,57,58,60,61,62,64,65,66,69,71,72,74,75,77,78,79,81,82,83,86,90,91,94,95,233,99,100,102,234,104,105,107,108,110,111,112,236,238,113,114,116,241,118,121,122,123,125,128,129,131,136,137,139,140,142,143,144,145,146,148,149,150,152,153,154,155,158,159,162,163,247,164,166,170,172,174,249,251,175,252,177,178,180,182,183,54,184,185,186,187,188,189,190,192,194,195,197,199,200,204,205,206,15,120,173 \|access-date=August 27, 2016 \|date=9 June 2020 \|via=GunPolicy.org \|archive-date=2021-04-18 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418071137/https://www.gunpolicy.org/firearms/compare/193/firearm_regulation_-_guiding_policy/3,6,7,8,10,11,12,13,16,17,18,19,22,26,27,28,217,29,30,218,31,38,39,40,41,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,222,52,56,57,58,60,61,62,64,65,66,69,71,72,74,75,77,78,79,81,82,83,86,90,91,94,95,233,99,100,102,234,104,105,107,108,110,111,112,236,238,113,114,116,241,118,121,122,123,125,128,129,131,136,137,139,140,142,143,144,145,146,148,149,150,152,153,154,155,158,159,162,163,247,164,166,170,172,174,249,251,175,252,177,178,180,182,183,54,184,185,186,187,188,189,190,192,194,195,197,199,200,204,205,206,15,120,173 \|url-status=live }}</ref> Jurisdictions that regulate ~~private~~ access to firearms typically ~~first~~ restrict ownership of certain ~~categories of~~ firearms, and ~~may then make further restrictions of the categories of persons who may be granted~~ a [[firearms license\|license]] to own or carry. In some countries, such as [[Gun law in the United States\|the United States]], gun control ~~may~~ be implemented at ~~any of~~ the ~~[[Federalism\|federal]]~~, state, or local levels.		Most countries allow civilians to own firearms, but have strong firearms laws to prevent violence. Only a few countries, such as [[Namibia]], [[Yemen]] and the [[United States]] are categorized as permissive.{{efn\|name="sydney"\|{{asof\|2022\|April}}, the only countries with permissive gun legislation are: Chad, Republic of Congo, Honduras, Micronesia, Namibia, Nigeria, Pakistan, Senegal, Switzerland, Tanzania, the United States, Yemen, and Zambia.}}<ref>{{cite web \|last1=Alpers \|first1=Philip \|last2=Wilson \|first2=Marcus \|title=Guns in the United Nations: Firearm Regulation - Guiding Policy \|publisher=Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney \|url=https://www.gunpolicy.org/firearms/compare/193/firearm_regulation_-_guiding_policy/3,6,7,8,10,11,12,13,16,17,18,19,22,26,27,28,217,29,30,218,31,38,39,40,41,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,222,52,56,57,58,60,61,62,64,65,66,69,71,72,74,75,77,78,79,81,82,83,86,90,91,94,95,233,99,100,102,234,104,105,107,108,110,111,112,236,238,113,114,116,241,118,121,122,123,125,128,129,131,136,137,139,140,142,143,144,145,146,148,149,150,152,153,154,155,158,159,162,163,247,164,166,170,172,174,249,251,175,252,177,178,180,182,183,54,184,185,186,187,188,189,190,192,194,195,197,199,200,204,205,206,15,120,173 \|access-date=August 27, 2016 \|date=9 June 2020 \|via=GunPolicy.org \|archive-date=2021-04-18 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418071137/https://www.gunpolicy.org/firearms/compare/193/firearm_regulation_-_guiding_policy/3,6,7,8,10,11,12,13,16,17,18,19,22,26,27,28,217,29,30,218,31,38,39,40,41,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,222,52,56,57,58,60,61,62,64,65,66,69,71,72,74,75,77,78,79,81,82,83,86,90,91,94,95,233,99,100,102,234,104,105,107,108,110,111,112,236,238,113,114,116,241,118,121,122,123,125,128,129,131,136,137,139,140,142,143,144,145,146,148,149,150,152,153,154,155,158,159,162,163,247,164,166,170,172,174,249,251,175,252,177,178,180,182,183,54,184,185,186,187,188,189,190,192,194,195,197,199,200,204,205,206,15,120,173 \|url-status=live }}</ref>

			Jurisdictions that regulate civilian access to firearms typically restrict ownership of certain lethal firearms, and require a [[firearms license\|license]] to own or carry a weapon.

			In some countries, such as [[Gun law in the United States\|the United States]], gun control measures can be implemented at the national, state, or local levels.
	{{TOC limit}}		{{TOC limit}}

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	Gun control refers to domestic and international attempts to regulate, and harmonize the regulation of, the private and industrial manufacture, trade, possession, use, and transport of a class of weapons typically identified as [[small arms]]. This class of arms commonly includes [[revolver]]s, self-loading [[pistols]], [[rifle]]s and [[carbine]]s, so-called [[assault rifle]]s, and some categories of [[machine gun]].<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.unodc.org/documents/organized-crime/Firearms/ITI.pdf \|title=International Instrument to Enable States to Identify and Trace, in a Timely and Reliable Manner, Illicit Small Arms and Light Weapon \|date=February 25, 2013 \|website=unodc.org \|publisher=United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime \|access-date=February 14, 2014 \|archive-date=2020-11-11 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111202349/http://www.unodc.org/documents/organized-crime/Firearms/ITI.pdf \|url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|title=Definitions of Small Arms and Light Weapons \|url=http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/weapons-and-markets/definitions.html \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110619030929/http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/weapons-and-markets/definitions.html \|url-status=dead \|archive-date=19 June 2011 \|date=April 15, 2013 \|publisher=Small Arms Survey\|access-date=February 10, 2014}}</ref>		Gun control refers to domestic and international attempts to regulate, and harmonize the regulation of, the private and industrial manufacture, trade, possession, use, and transport of a class of weapons typically identified as [[small arms]]. This class of arms commonly includes [[revolver]]s, self-loading [[pistols]], [[rifle]]s and [[carbine]]s, so-called [[assault rifle]]s, and some categories of [[machine gun]].<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.unodc.org/documents/organized-crime/Firearms/ITI.pdf \|title=International Instrument to Enable States to Identify and Trace, in a Timely and Reliable Manner, Illicit Small Arms and Light Weapon \|date=February 25, 2013 \|website=unodc.org \|publisher=United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime \|access-date=February 14, 2014 \|archive-date=2020-11-11 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111202349/http://www.unodc.org/documents/organized-crime/Firearms/ITI.pdf \|url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|title=Definitions of Small Arms and Light Weapons \|url=http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/weapons-and-markets/definitions.html \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110619030929/http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/weapons-and-markets/definitions.html \|url-status=dead \|archive-date=19 June 2011 \|date=April 15, 2013 \|publisher=Small Arms Survey\|access-date=February 10, 2014}}</ref>

	~~The~~ term ''gun control'' itself is considered politicized.<ref>{{cite web \| url=https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2016/01/word-choice-and-gun-culture/423108/ \| title=How 'Gun Control' Became a Taboo Phrase \| website=The Atlantic \| date=11 January 2016 \| access-date=29 March 2016 \| author=LaFrance, Adrienne \| archive-date=2017-01-17 \| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170117075444/http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2016/01/word-choice-and-gun-culture/423108/ \| url-status=live }}</ref> Many gun control advocates prefer the use of terms like "gun-violence prevention", "gun safety", or "common-sense regulation" to describe their objectives.<ref>Ball, Molly (January 2013). [https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2013/01/dont-call-it-gun-control/267259/ Don't Call It 'Gun Control'] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417074045/https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2013/01/dont-call-it-gun-control/267259/ \|date=2021-04-17 }} ''The Atlantic.'' Retrieved: September 24, 2016.</ref>		In the United States, the term ''gun control'' itself is considered politicized.<ref>{{cite web \| url=https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2016/01/word-choice-and-gun-culture/423108/ \| title=How 'Gun Control' Became a Taboo Phrase \| website=The Atlantic \| date=11 January 2016 \| access-date=29 March 2016 \| author=LaFrance, Adrienne \| archive-date=2017-01-17 \| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170117075444/http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2016/01/word-choice-and-gun-culture/423108/ \| url-status=live }}</ref> Many gun control advocates prefer the use of terms like "gun-violence prevention", "gun safety", or "common-sense regulation" to describe their objectives.<ref>Ball, Molly (January 2013). [https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2013/01/dont-call-it-gun-control/267259/ Don't Call It 'Gun Control'] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417074045/https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2013/01/dont-call-it-gun-control/267259/ \|date=2021-04-17 }} ''The Atlantic.'' Retrieved: September 24, 2016.</ref>

	In 2007, a global supply of 875 million small arms were estimated to be in the hands of civilians, law enforcement agencies, and national armed forces.{{efn\|This figure excludes older, pre-automatic small arms from military and law enforcement stockpiles or 'craft-produced' civilian firearms.{{sfn\|Karp\|2007\|p=39}}}}{{sfn\|Karp\|2007\|p=39}} Of these firearms, 650 million, or 75%, were estimated to be held by civilians.{{sfn\|Karp\|2007\|p=39}} U.S. civilians account for 270 million of this total.{{sfn\|Karp\|2007\|p=39}} A further 200 million are controlled by national military forces.{{sfn\|Karp\|2010\|p=102\|ps=}} Law enforcement agencies may have some 26 million small arms.{{sfn\|Karp\|2010\|p=102\|ps=}} Non-state armed groups{{efn\|Composed of 'insurgents and militias, including dormant and state-related groups'.{{sfn\|Karp\|2010\|p=101\|ps=}}}} have about 1.4 million firearms.{{efn\|However, as of 2009, active non-state armed groups, numbering about 285,000 combatants, control only about 350,000 small arms.{{sfn\|Karp\|2010\|p=121\|ps=}}}}{{sfn\|Karp\|2010\|p=102\|ps=}} Finally, gang members hold between 2 and 10 million small arms.{{sfn\|Karp\|2010\|p=102\|ps=}} Together, the small arms arsenals of non-state armed groups and gangs have been estimated to account for, at most, 1.4% of the global total.{{sfn\|Karp\|2010\|p=101\|ps=}}		In 2007, a global supply of 875 million small arms were estimated to be in the hands of civilians, law enforcement agencies, and national armed forces.{{efn\|This figure excludes older, pre-automatic small arms from military and law enforcement stockpiles or 'craft-produced' civilian firearms.{{sfn\|Karp\|2007\|p=39}}}}{{sfn\|Karp\|2007\|p=39}} Of these firearms, 650 million, or 75%, were estimated to be held by civilians.{{sfn\|Karp\|2007\|p=39}} U.S. civilians account for 270 million of this total.{{sfn\|Karp\|2007\|p=39}} A further 200 million are controlled by national military forces.{{sfn\|Karp\|2010\|p=102\|ps=}} Law enforcement agencies may have some 26 million small arms.{{sfn\|Karp\|2010\|p=102\|ps=}} Non-state armed groups{{efn\|Composed of 'insurgents and militias, including dormant and state-related groups'.{{sfn\|Karp\|2010\|p=101\|ps=}}}} have about 1.4 million firearms.{{efn\|However, as of 2009, active non-state armed groups, numbering about 285,000 combatants, control only about 350,000 small arms.{{sfn\|Karp\|2010\|p=121\|ps=}}}}{{sfn\|Karp\|2010\|p=102\|ps=}} Finally, gang members hold between 2 and 10 million small arms.{{sfn\|Karp\|2010\|p=102\|ps=}} Together, the small arms arsenals of non-state armed groups and gangs have been estimated to account for, at most, 1.4% of the global total.{{sfn\|Karp\|2010\|p=101\|ps=}}

Bookku: /* Further reading */ adding "Squires, Peter. Gender and Firearms: My Body, My Choice, My Gun. United Kingdom, Taylor & Francis, 2024."

2024-06-18T10:34:48Z

Further reading: adding "Squires, Peter. Gender and Firearms: My Body, My Choice, My Gun. United Kingdom, Taylor & Francis, 2024."

← Previous revision		Revision as of 10:34, 18 June 2024
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	==Further reading==		==Further reading==
	* [[Jed S. Rakoff\|Rakoff, Jed S.]], "The Last of His Kind" (review of John Paul Stevens, ''The Making of a Justice: Reflections on My First 94 Years'', Little, Brown, 549 pp.), ''[[The New York Review of Books]]'', vol. LXVI, no. 14 (26 September 2019), pp. 20, 22, 24. [[John Paul Stevens]], "a throwback to the postwar liberal Republican [U.S. Supreme Court] appointees", questioned the validity of "the doctrine of [[sovereign immunity]], which holds that you cannot sue any state or federal government agency, or any of its officers or employees, for any wrong they may have committed against you, unless the state or federal government consents to being sued" (p. 20); the propriety of "the increasing resistance of the [[U.S. Supreme Court]] to most meaningful forms of gun control" (p. 22); and "the constitutionality of the [[death penalty]]... because of incontrovertible evidence that innocent people have been sentenced to death." (pp. 22, 24.)		* [[Jed S. Rakoff\|Rakoff, Jed S.]], "The Last of His Kind" (review of John Paul Stevens, ''The Making of a Justice: Reflections on My First 94 Years'', Little, Brown, 549 pp.), ''[[The New York Review of Books]]'', vol. LXVI, no. 14 (26 September 2019), pp. 20, 22, 24. [[John Paul Stevens]], "a throwback to the postwar liberal Republican [U.S. Supreme Court] appointees", questioned the validity of "the doctrine of [[sovereign immunity]], which holds that you cannot sue any state or federal government agency, or any of its officers or employees, for any wrong they may have committed against you, unless the state or federal government consents to being sued" (p. 20); the propriety of "the increasing resistance of the [[U.S. Supreme Court]] to most meaningful forms of gun control" (p. 22); and "the constitutionality of the [[death penalty]]... because of incontrovertible evidence that innocent people have been sentenced to death." (pp. 22, 24.)
			* Squires, Peter. Gender and Firearms: My Body, My Choice, My Gun. United Kingdom, Taylor & Francis, 2024.

	==External links==		==External links==

OAbot: Open access bot: doi updated in citation with #oabot.

2024-05-06T06:20:19Z

Open access bot: doi updated in citation with #oabot.

← Previous revision		Revision as of 06:20, 6 May 2024
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	* {{Cite journal \|last1=Cheung \|first1=A. H. \|last2=Dewa \|first2=C. S. \|year=2005 \|title=Current trends in youth suicide and firearms regulations \|journal=Canadian Journal of Public Health \|volume=96 \|issue=2 \|pages=131–35 \|doi=10.1007/BF03403676 \|pmc=6975744 \|pmid=15850034}}		* {{Cite journal \|last1=Cheung \|first1=A. H. \|last2=Dewa \|first2=C. S. \|year=2005 \|title=Current trends in youth suicide and firearms regulations \|journal=Canadian Journal of Public Health \|volume=96 \|issue=2 \|pages=131–35 \|doi=10.1007/BF03403676 \|pmc=6975744 \|pmid=15850034}}
	<!-- {{sfn\|Conner\|Zhong\|2003}} -->		<!-- {{sfn\|Conner\|Zhong\|2003}} -->
	* {{cite journal\|last1=Conner\|first1=Kenneth R\|last2=Zhong\|first2=Yueying\|title=State firearm laws and rates of suicide in men and women\|journal=American Journal of Preventive Medicine\|date=November 2003\|volume=25\|issue=4 \|pages=320–24\|doi=10.1016/S0749-3797(03)00212-5\|pmid=14580634}}		* {{cite journal\|last1=Conner\|first1=Kenneth R\|last2=Zhong\|first2=Yueying\|title=State firearm laws and rates of suicide in men and women\|journal=American Journal of Preventive Medicine\|date=November 2003\|volume=25\|issue=4 \|pages=320–24\|doi=10.1016/S0749-3797(03)00212-5\|pmid=14580634\|doi-access=free}}
	<!-- {{sfn\|Conwell et al.\|2002\|p=??}} -->		<!-- {{sfn\|Conwell et al.\|2002\|p=??}} -->
	* {{Cite journal \|last1=Conwell \|first1=Y. \|last2=Duberstein \|first2=P. R. \|last3=Connor \|first3=K. \|last4=Eberly \|first4=S. \|last5=Cox \|first5=C. \|last6=Caine \|first6=E. D. \|display-authors=3 \|title=Access to Firearms and Risk for Suicide in Middle-Aged and Older Adults \|journal=The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry \|volume=10 \|issue=4 \|pages=407–16 \|year=2002 \|pmid=12095900\|doi=10.1097/00019442-200207000-00007 \|ref={{harvid\|Conwell et al.\|2002}}}}		* {{Cite journal \|last1=Conwell \|first1=Y. \|last2=Duberstein \|first2=P. R. \|last3=Connor \|first3=K. \|last4=Eberly \|first4=S. \|last5=Cox \|first5=C. \|last6=Caine \|first6=E. D. \|display-authors=3 \|title=Access to Firearms and Risk for Suicide in Middle-Aged and Older Adults \|journal=The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry \|volume=10 \|issue=4 \|pages=407–16 \|year=2002 \|pmid=12095900\|doi=10.1097/00019442-200207000-00007 \|ref={{harvid\|Conwell et al.\|2002}}}}

RCraig09: /* United States */ adding File:1970- Gun production - US.svg

2024-04-21T02:21:57Z

United States: adding File:1970- Gun production - US.svg

← Previous revision		Revision as of 02:21, 21 April 2024
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	{{main\|Gun law in the United States\|Gun politics in the United States\|Gun culture in the United States\|Gun violence in the United States}}		{{main\|Gun law in the United States\|Gun politics in the United States\|Gun culture in the United States\|Gun violence in the United States}}
	[[File:2000- Gun sales and NICS firearm background checks - U.S.svg\|thumb\|upright=1.25 \|U.S. gun sales have risen in the 21st century, peaking in 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic.<ref name=Trace_20231231_FBI>● Gun sale data from {{cite news \|last1=Brownlee \|first1=Chip \|title=Gun Violence by the Numbers in 2023 \|url=https://www.thetrace.org/2023/12/data-gun-violence-deaths-america/ \|work=The Trace \|date=December 31, 2023 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240128065745/https://www.thetrace.org/2023/12/data-gun-violence-deaths-america/ \|archive-date=January 28, 2024 \|url-status=live }}<br>● NICS firearm check data downloaded via link at {{cite web \|title=NICS Firearm Background Checks: Month/Year \|url=https://www.fbi.gov/file-repository/nics_firearm_checks_-_month_year.pdf \|website=FBI.gov \|publisher=Federal Bureau of Investigation \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240129020051/https://www.fbi.gov/file-repository/nics_firearm_checks_-_month_year.pdf \|archive-date=January 29, 2024 \|date=January 2024 \|url-status=live}}</ref> "NICS" is the FBI's National Instant Background Check System.]]		[[File:2000- Gun sales and NICS firearm background checks - U.S.svg\|thumb\|upright=1.25 \|U.S. gun sales have risen in the 21st century, peaking in 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic.<ref name=Trace_20231231_FBI>● Gun sale data from {{cite news \|last1=Brownlee \|first1=Chip \|title=Gun Violence by the Numbers in 2023 \|url=https://www.thetrace.org/2023/12/data-gun-violence-deaths-america/ \|work=The Trace \|date=December 31, 2023 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240128065745/https://www.thetrace.org/2023/12/data-gun-violence-deaths-america/ \|archive-date=January 28, 2024 \|url-status=live }}<br>● NICS firearm check data downloaded via link at {{cite web \|title=NICS Firearm Background Checks: Month/Year \|url=https://www.fbi.gov/file-repository/nics_firearm_checks_-_month_year.pdf \|website=FBI.gov \|publisher=Federal Bureau of Investigation \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240129020051/https://www.fbi.gov/file-repository/nics_firearm_checks_-_month_year.pdf \|archive-date=January 29, 2024 \|date=January 2024 \|url-status=live}}</ref> "NICS" is the FBI's National Instant Background Check System.]]
	In the United States, gun rights activists argue gun laws are too restrictive or should not be altered, and gun control activists argue gun laws are too permissive. Both camps center their arguments upon the legal and traditional interpretations of the [[Second Amendment]] to the U.S. Constitution.<ref>{{Cite journal \|last=Peeples \|first=Lynne \|date=2022-07-01 \|title=US gun policies: what researchers know about their effectiveness \|journal=Nature \|language=en \|volume=607 \|issue=7919 \|pages=434–435 \|doi=10.1038/d41586-022-01791-z\|pmid=35778495 \|bibcode=2022Natur.607..434P \|s2cid=250218456 \|doi-access=free }}</ref>[[File:2019 Gun ownership rates and gun homicide rates - developed world - scatter plot.svg\|thumb\|upright=1.25\| Multiple studies show that where people have easy access to firearms, gun-related deaths tend to be more frequent, including by suicide, homicide and unintentional injuries.<ref name=CNN_20211126>{{cite news \|last1=Fox \|first1=Kara \|last2=Shveda \|first2=Krystina \|last3=Croker \|first3=Natalie \|last4=Chacon \|first4=Marco \|title=How US gun culture stacks up with the world \|url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/11/26/world/us-gun-culture-world-comparison-intl-cmd/index.html \|work=CNN \|date=November 26, 2021 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211126193406/https://www.cnn.com/2021/11/26/world/us-gun-culture-world-comparison-intl-cmd/index.html \|archive-date=November 26, 2021 \|url-status=live \|quote=CNN's attribution: Developed countries are defined based on the UN classification, which includes 36 countries. Source: Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (Global Burden of Disease 2019), Small Arms Survey (Civilian Firearm Holdings 2017)}}</ref>]]		In the United States, gun rights activists argue gun laws are too restrictive or should not be altered, and gun control activists argue gun laws are too permissive. Both camps center their arguments upon the legal and traditional interpretations of the [[Second Amendment]] to the U.S. Constitution.<ref>{{Cite journal \|last=Peeples \|first=Lynne \|date=2022-07-01 \|title=US gun policies: what researchers know about their effectiveness \|journal=Nature \|language=en \|volume=607 \|issue=7919 \|pages=434–435 \|doi=10.1038/d41586-022-01791-z\|pmid=35778495 \|bibcode=2022Natur.607..434P \|s2cid=250218456 \|doi-access=free }}</ref>
			[[File:2019 Gun ownership rates and gun homicide rates - developed world - scatter plot.svg\|thumb\|upright=1.25\| Multiple studies show that where people have easy access to firearms, gun-related deaths tend to be more frequent, including by suicide, homicide and unintentional injuries.<ref name=CNN_20211126>{{cite news \|last1=Fox \|first1=Kara \|last2=Shveda \|first2=Krystina \|last3=Croker \|first3=Natalie \|last4=Chacon \|first4=Marco \|title=How US gun culture stacks up with the world \|url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/11/26/world/us-gun-culture-world-comparison-intl-cmd/index.html \|work=CNN \|date=November 26, 2021 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211126193406/https://www.cnn.com/2021/11/26/world/us-gun-culture-world-comparison-intl-cmd/index.html \|archive-date=November 26, 2021 \|url-status=live \|quote=CNN's attribution: Developed countries are defined based on the UN classification, which includes 36 countries. Source: Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (Global Burden of Disease 2019), Small Arms Survey (Civilian Firearm Holdings 2017)}}</ref>]]
			[[File:1970- Gun production - US.svg \|thumb \|upright=1.25 \|Annual gun production in the U.S. has increased substantially in the 21st century, after having remained fairly level over preceding decades.<ref name=TheTrace_20240409/> By 2023, a majority of U.S. states allowed adults to carry concealed guns in public.<ref name=TheTrace_20240409>{{cite web \|last1=Mascia \|first1=Jennifer \|last2=Brownlee \|first2=Chip \|title=The Armed Era \|url=https://www.thetrace.org/2024/04/columbine-shooting-guns-whats-changed/ \|publisher=The Trace \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240414235456/https://www.thetrace.org/2024/04/columbine-shooting-guns-whats-changed/ \|archive-date=April 14, 2024 \|date=April 9, 2024 \|url-status=live }}</ref>]]

	====Cross-sectional studies====		====Cross-sectional studies====

RCraig09: /* United States */ fix NICS source links for revised chart

2024-01-29T02:18:34Z

United States: fix NICS source links for revised chart

← Previous revision		Revision as of 02:18, 29 January 2024
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	===United States===		===United States===
	{{main\|Gun law in the United States\|Gun politics in the United States\|Gun culture in the United States\|Gun violence in the United States}}		{{main\|Gun law in the United States\|Gun politics in the United States\|Gun culture in the United States\|Gun violence in the United States}}
	[[File:2000- Gun sales and NICS firearm background checks - U.S.svg\|thumb\|upright=1.25 \|U.S. gun sales have risen in the 21st century, peaking in 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic.<ref name=Trace_20231231_FBI>● Gun sale data from {{cite news \|last1=Brownlee \|first1=Chip \|title=Gun Violence by the Numbers in 2023 \|url=https://www.thetrace.org/2023/12/data-gun-violence-deaths-america/ \|work=The Trace \|date=December 31, 2023 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240128065745/https://www.thetrace.org/2023/12/data-gun-violence-deaths-america/ \|archive-date=January 28, 2024 \|url-status=live }}<br>● NICS firearm check data downloaded via link at {{cite web \|title=NICS Firearm Background Checks: Month/Year ~~by State~~ \|url=https://www.fbi.gov/file-repository/nics_firearm_checks_-~~_month_year_by_state~~.pdf \|website=FBI.gov \|publisher=Federal Bureau of Investigation \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/~~20240128070158~~/https://www.fbi.gov/file-repository/nics_firearm_checks_-~~_month_year_by_state~~.pdf \|archive-date=January 28, 2024 \|date=January 2024 \|url-status=live}}</ref> "NICS" is the FBI's National Instant Background Check System.]]		[[File:2000- Gun sales and NICS firearm background checks - U.S.svg\|thumb\|upright=1.25 \|U.S. gun sales have risen in the 21st century, peaking in 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic.<ref name=Trace_20231231_FBI>● Gun sale data from {{cite news \|last1=Brownlee \|first1=Chip \|title=Gun Violence by the Numbers in 2023 \|url=https://www.thetrace.org/2023/12/data-gun-violence-deaths-america/ \|work=The Trace \|date=December 31, 2023 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240128065745/https://www.thetrace.org/2023/12/data-gun-violence-deaths-america/ \|archive-date=January 28, 2024 \|url-status=live }}<br>● NICS firearm check data downloaded via link at {{cite web \|title=NICS Firearm Background Checks: Month/Year \|url=https://www.fbi.gov/file-repository/nics_firearm_checks_-_month_year.pdf \|website=FBI.gov \|publisher=Federal Bureau of Investigation \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240129020051/https://www.fbi.gov/file-repository/nics_firearm_checks_-_month_year.pdf \|archive-date=January 29, 2024 \|date=January 2024 \|url-status=live}}</ref> "NICS" is the FBI's National Instant Background Check System.]]
	In the United States, gun rights activists argue gun laws are too restrictive or should not be altered, and gun control activists argue gun laws are too permissive. Both camps center their arguments upon the legal and traditional interpretations of the [[Second Amendment]] to the U.S. Constitution.<ref>{{Cite journal \|last=Peeples \|first=Lynne \|date=2022-07-01 \|title=US gun policies: what researchers know about their effectiveness \|journal=Nature \|language=en \|volume=607 \|issue=7919 \|pages=434–435 \|doi=10.1038/d41586-022-01791-z\|pmid=35778495 \|bibcode=2022Natur.607..434P \|s2cid=250218456 \|doi-access=free }}</ref>[[File:2019 Gun ownership rates and gun homicide rates - developed world - scatter plot.svg\|thumb\|upright=1.25\| Multiple studies show that where people have easy access to firearms, gun-related deaths tend to be more frequent, including by suicide, homicide and unintentional injuries.<ref name=CNN_20211126>{{cite news \|last1=Fox \|first1=Kara \|last2=Shveda \|first2=Krystina \|last3=Croker \|first3=Natalie \|last4=Chacon \|first4=Marco \|title=How US gun culture stacks up with the world \|url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/11/26/world/us-gun-culture-world-comparison-intl-cmd/index.html \|work=CNN \|date=November 26, 2021 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211126193406/https://www.cnn.com/2021/11/26/world/us-gun-culture-world-comparison-intl-cmd/index.html \|archive-date=November 26, 2021 \|url-status=live \|quote=CNN's attribution: Developed countries are defined based on the UN classification, which includes 36 countries. Source: Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (Global Burden of Disease 2019), Small Arms Survey (Civilian Firearm Holdings 2017)}}</ref>]]		In the United States, gun rights activists argue gun laws are too restrictive or should not be altered, and gun control activists argue gun laws are too permissive. Both camps center their arguments upon the legal and traditional interpretations of the [[Second Amendment]] to the U.S. Constitution.<ref>{{Cite journal \|last=Peeples \|first=Lynne \|date=2022-07-01 \|title=US gun policies: what researchers know about their effectiveness \|journal=Nature \|language=en \|volume=607 \|issue=7919 \|pages=434–435 \|doi=10.1038/d41586-022-01791-z\|pmid=35778495 \|bibcode=2022Natur.607..434P \|s2cid=250218456 \|doi-access=free }}</ref>[[File:2019 Gun ownership rates and gun homicide rates - developed world - scatter plot.svg\|thumb\|upright=1.25\| Multiple studies show that where people have easy access to firearms, gun-related deaths tend to be more frequent, including by suicide, homicide and unintentional injuries.<ref name=CNN_20211126>{{cite news \|last1=Fox \|first1=Kara \|last2=Shveda \|first2=Krystina \|last3=Croker \|first3=Natalie \|last4=Chacon \|first4=Marco \|title=How US gun culture stacks up with the world \|url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/11/26/world/us-gun-culture-world-comparison-intl-cmd/index.html \|work=CNN \|date=November 26, 2021 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211126193406/https://www.cnn.com/2021/11/26/world/us-gun-culture-world-comparison-intl-cmd/index.html \|archive-date=November 26, 2021 \|url-status=live \|quote=CNN's attribution: Developed countries are defined based on the UN classification, which includes 36 countries. Source: Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (Global Burden of Disease 2019), Small Arms Survey (Civilian Firearm Holdings 2017)}}</ref>]]

RCraig09: /* United States */ remove "steadily" from chart caption

2024-01-28T23:25:32Z

United States: remove "steadily" from chart caption

← Previous revision		Revision as of 23:25, 28 January 2024
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	===United States===		===United States===
	{{main\|Gun law in the United States\|Gun politics in the United States\|Gun culture in the United States\|Gun violence in the United States}}		{{main\|Gun law in the United States\|Gun politics in the United States\|Gun culture in the United States\|Gun violence in the United States}}
	[[File:2000- Gun sales and NICS firearm background checks - U.S.svg\|thumb\|upright=1.25 \|U.S. gun sales have risen ~~steadily~~ in the 21st century, peaking in 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic.<ref name=Trace_20231231_FBI>● Gun sale data from {{cite news \|last1=Brownlee \|first1=Chip \|title=Gun Violence by the Numbers in 2023 \|url=https://www.thetrace.org/2023/12/data-gun-violence-deaths-america/ \|work=The Trace \|date=December 31, 2023 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240128065745/https://www.thetrace.org/2023/12/data-gun-violence-deaths-america/ \|archive-date=January 28, 2024 \|url-status=live }}<br>● NICS firearm check data downloaded via link at {{cite web \|title=NICS Firearm Background Checks: Month/Year by State \|url=https://www.fbi.gov/file-repository/nics_firearm_checks_-_month_year_by_state.pdf \|website=FBI.gov \|publisher=Federal Bureau of Investigation \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240128070158/https://www.fbi.gov/file-repository/nics_firearm_checks_-_month_year_by_state.pdf \|archive-date=January 28, 2024 \|date=January 2024 \|url-status=live}}</ref> "NICS" is the FBI's National Instant Background Check System.]]		[[File:2000- Gun sales and NICS firearm background checks - U.S.svg\|thumb\|upright=1.25 \|U.S. gun sales have risen in the 21st century, peaking in 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic.<ref name=Trace_20231231_FBI>● Gun sale data from {{cite news \|last1=Brownlee \|first1=Chip \|title=Gun Violence by the Numbers in 2023 \|url=https://www.thetrace.org/2023/12/data-gun-violence-deaths-america/ \|work=The Trace \|date=December 31, 2023 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240128065745/https://www.thetrace.org/2023/12/data-gun-violence-deaths-america/ \|archive-date=January 28, 2024 \|url-status=live }}<br>● NICS firearm check data downloaded via link at {{cite web \|title=NICS Firearm Background Checks: Month/Year by State \|url=https://www.fbi.gov/file-repository/nics_firearm_checks_-_month_year_by_state.pdf \|website=FBI.gov \|publisher=Federal Bureau of Investigation \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240128070158/https://www.fbi.gov/file-repository/nics_firearm_checks_-_month_year_by_state.pdf \|archive-date=January 28, 2024 \|date=January 2024 \|url-status=live}}</ref> "NICS" is the FBI's National Instant Background Check System.]]
	In the United States, gun rights activists argue gun laws are too restrictive or should not be altered, and gun control activists argue gun laws are too permissive. Both camps center their arguments upon the legal and traditional interpretations of the [[Second Amendment]] to the U.S. Constitution.<ref>{{Cite journal \|last=Peeples \|first=Lynne \|date=2022-07-01 \|title=US gun policies: what researchers know about their effectiveness \|journal=Nature \|language=en \|volume=607 \|issue=7919 \|pages=434–435 \|doi=10.1038/d41586-022-01791-z\|pmid=35778495 \|bibcode=2022Natur.607..434P \|s2cid=250218456 \|doi-access=free }}</ref>[[File:2019 Gun ownership rates and gun homicide rates - developed world - scatter plot.svg\|thumb\|upright=1.25\| Multiple studies show that where people have easy access to firearms, gun-related deaths tend to be more frequent, including by suicide, homicide and unintentional injuries.<ref name=CNN_20211126>{{cite news \|last1=Fox \|first1=Kara \|last2=Shveda \|first2=Krystina \|last3=Croker \|first3=Natalie \|last4=Chacon \|first4=Marco \|title=How US gun culture stacks up with the world \|url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/11/26/world/us-gun-culture-world-comparison-intl-cmd/index.html \|work=CNN \|date=November 26, 2021 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211126193406/https://www.cnn.com/2021/11/26/world/us-gun-culture-world-comparison-intl-cmd/index.html \|archive-date=November 26, 2021 \|url-status=live \|quote=CNN's attribution: Developed countries are defined based on the UN classification, which includes 36 countries. Source: Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (Global Burden of Disease 2019), Small Arms Survey (Civilian Firearm Holdings 2017)}}</ref>]]		In the United States, gun rights activists argue gun laws are too restrictive or should not be altered, and gun control activists argue gun laws are too permissive. Both camps center their arguments upon the legal and traditional interpretations of the [[Second Amendment]] to the U.S. Constitution.<ref>{{Cite journal \|last=Peeples \|first=Lynne \|date=2022-07-01 \|title=US gun policies: what researchers know about their effectiveness \|journal=Nature \|language=en \|volume=607 \|issue=7919 \|pages=434–435 \|doi=10.1038/d41586-022-01791-z\|pmid=35778495 \|bibcode=2022Natur.607..434P \|s2cid=250218456 \|doi-access=free }}</ref>[[File:2019 Gun ownership rates and gun homicide rates - developed world - scatter plot.svg\|thumb\|upright=1.25\| Multiple studies show that where people have easy access to firearms, gun-related deaths tend to be more frequent, including by suicide, homicide and unintentional injuries.<ref name=CNN_20211126>{{cite news \|last1=Fox \|first1=Kara \|last2=Shveda \|first2=Krystina \|last3=Croker \|first3=Natalie \|last4=Chacon \|first4=Marco \|title=How US gun culture stacks up with the world \|url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/11/26/world/us-gun-culture-world-comparison-intl-cmd/index.html \|work=CNN \|date=November 26, 2021 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211126193406/https://www.cnn.com/2021/11/26/world/us-gun-culture-world-comparison-intl-cmd/index.html \|archive-date=November 26, 2021 \|url-status=live \|quote=CNN's attribution: Developed countries are defined based on the UN classification, which includes 36 countries. Source: Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (Global Burden of Disease 2019), Small Arms Survey (Civilian Firearm Holdings 2017)}}</ref>]]

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	* {{cite journal\|last1=Betz\|first1=Marian\|last2=Ranney\|first2=Megan\|last3=Wintemute\|first3=Garen\|date=21 January 2016\|title=Frozen Funding on Firearm Research: "Doing Nothing Is No Longer an Acceptable Solution" \|journal=Western Journal of Emergency Medicine\|volume=17\|issue=1\|pages=91–93\|pmid=26823941\|pmc=4729430 \|doi=10.5811/westjem.2016.1.29767}}		* {{cite journal\|last1=Betz\|first1=Marian\|last2=Ranney\|first2=Megan\|last3=Wintemute\|first3=Garen\|date=21 January 2016\|title=Frozen Funding on Firearm Research: "Doing Nothing Is No Longer an Acceptable Solution" \|journal=Western Journal of Emergency Medicine\|volume=17\|issue=1\|pages=91–93\|pmid=26823941\|pmc=4729430 \|doi=10.5811/westjem.2016.1.29767}}
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	* {{Cite journal \|last1=Blais \|first1=Étienne \|last2=Gagné \|first2=Marie-Pier \|last3=Linteau \|first3=Isabelle \|title=L'Effet des lois en matière de contrôle des armes à feu sur les homicides au Canada, 1974–2004 \|journal=Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice \|volume=53 \|pages=27–61 \|year=2011 \|s2cid=143960174 \|doi=10.3138/cjccj.53.1.27}}		* {{Cite journal \|last1=Blais \|first1=Étienne \|last2=Gagné \|first2=Marie-Pier \|last3=Linteau \|first3=Isabelle \|title=L'Effet des lois en matière de contrôle des armes à feu sur les homicides au Canada, 1974–2004 \|journal=Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice \|volume=53 \|pages=27–61 \|year=2011 \|issue=1 \|s2cid=143960174 \|doi=10.3138/cjccj.53.1.27}}
	<!-- {{sfn\|Branas et al.\|2009\|p=??}} -->		<!-- {{sfn\|Branas et al.\|2009\|p=??}} -->
	* {{Cite journal \|last1=Branas \|first1=C. C. \|last2=Richmond \|first2=T. S. \|last3=Culhane \|first3=D. P. \|last4=Ten Have \|first4=T. R. \|last5=Wiebe \|first5=D. J. \|display-authors=3 \|title=Investigating the Link Between Gun Possession and Gun Assault \|journal=American Journal of Public Health \|volume=99 \|issue=11 \|pages=2034–40 \|year=2009 \|pmid=19762675 \|pmc=2759797 \|doi=10.2105/AJPH.2008.143099 \|ref={{harvid\|Branas et al.\|2009}}}}		* {{Cite journal \|last1=Branas \|first1=C. C. \|last2=Richmond \|first2=T. S. \|last3=Culhane \|first3=D. P. \|last4=Ten Have \|first4=T. R. \|last5=Wiebe \|first5=D. J. \|display-authors=3 \|title=Investigating the Link Between Gun Possession and Gun Assault \|journal=American Journal of Public Health \|volume=99 \|issue=11 \|pages=2034–40 \|year=2009 \|pmid=19762675 \|pmc=2759797 \|doi=10.2105/AJPH.2008.143099 \|ref={{harvid\|Branas et al.\|2009}}}}

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	Most countries allow civilians to own firearms, but have strong firearms laws to prevent violence. Only a few countries, such as [[Namibia]], [[Yemen]] and the [[United States]] are categorized as permissive.{{efn\|name="sydney"\|{{asof\|2022\|April}}, the only countries with permissive gun legislation are: Chad, Republic of Congo, Honduras, Micronesia, Namibia, Nigeria, Pakistan, Senegal, Switzerland, Tanzania, the United States, Yemen, and Zambia.}}<ref>{{cite web \|last1=Alpers \|first1=Philip \|last2=Wilson \|first2=Marcus \|title=Guns in the United Nations: Firearm Regulation - Guiding Policy \|publisher=Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney \|url=https://www.gunpolicy.org/firearms/compare/193/firearm_regulation_-_guiding_policy/3,6,7,8,10,11,12,13,16,17,18,19,22,26,27,28,217,29,30,218,31,38,39,40,41,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,222,52,56,57,58,60,61,62,64,65,66,69,71,72,74,75,77,78,79,81,82,83,86,90,91,94,95,233,99,100,102,234,104,105,107,108,110,111,112,236,238,113,114,116,241,118,121,122,123,125,128,129,131,136,137,139,140,142,143,144,145,146,148,149,150,152,153,154,155,158,159,162,163,247,164,166,170,172,174,249,251,175,252,177,178,180,182,183,54,184,185,186,187,188,189,190,192,194,195,197,199,200,204,205,206,15,120,173 \|access-date=August 27, 2016 \|date=9 June 2020 \|via=GunPolicy.org \|archive-date=2021-04-18 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418071137/https://www.gunpolicy.org/firearms/compare/193/firearm_regulation_-_guiding_policy/3,6,7,8,10,11,12,13,16,17,18,19,22,26,27,28,217,29,30,218,31,38,39,40,41,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,222,52,56,57,58,60,61,62,64,65,66,69,71,72,74,75,77,78,79,81,82,83,86,90,91,94,95,233,99,100,102,234,104,105,107,108,110,111,112,236,238,113,114,116,241,118,121,122,123,125,128,129,131,136,137,139,140,142,143,144,145,146,148,149,150,152,153,154,155,158,159,162,163,247,164,166,170,172,174,249,251,175,252,177,178,180,182,183,54,184,185,186,187,188,189,190,192,194,195,197,199,200,204,205,206,15,120,173 \|url-status=live }}</ref>		Most countries allow civilians to own firearms, but have strong firearms laws to prevent violence. Only a few countries, such as [[Namibia]], [[Yemen]] and the [[United States]] are categorized as permissive.{{efn\|name="sydney"\|{{asof\|2022\|April}}, the only countries with permissive gun legislation are: Chad, Republic of Congo, Honduras, Micronesia, Namibia, Nigeria, Pakistan, Senegal, Switzerland, Tanzania, the United States, Yemen, and Zambia.}}<ref>{{cite web \|last1=Alpers \|first1=Philip \|last2=Wilson \|first2=Marcus \|title=Guns in the United Nations: Firearm Regulation - Guiding Policy \|publisher=Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney \|url=https://www.gunpolicy.org/firearms/compare/193/firearm_regulation_-_guiding_policy/3,6,7,8,10,11,12,13,16,17,18,19,22,26,27,28,217,29,30,218,31,38,39,40,41,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,222,52,56,57,58,60,61,62,64,65,66,69,71,72,74,75,77,78,79,81,82,83,86,90,91,94,95,233,99,100,102,234,104,105,107,108,110,111,112,236,238,113,114,116,241,118,121,122,123,125,128,129,131,136,137,139,140,142,143,144,145,146,148,149,150,152,153,154,155,158,159,162,163,247,164,166,170,172,174,249,251,175,252,177,178,180,182,183,54,184,185,186,187,188,189,190,192,194,195,197,199,200,204,205,206,15,120,173 \|access-date=August 27, 2016 \|date=9 June 2020 \|via=GunPolicy.org \|archive-date=2021-04-18 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418071137/https://www.gunpolicy.org/firearms/compare/193/firearm_regulation_-_guiding_policy/3,6,7,8,10,11,12,13,16,17,18,19,22,26,27,28,217,29,30,218,31,38,39,40,41,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,222,52,56,57,58,60,61,62,64,65,66,69,71,72,74,75,77,78,79,81,82,83,86,90,91,94,95,233,99,100,102,234,104,105,107,108,110,111,112,236,238,113,114,116,241,118,121,122,123,125,128,129,131,136,137,139,140,142,143,144,145,146,148,149,150,152,153,154,155,158,159,162,163,247,164,166,170,172,174,249,251,175,252,177,178,180,182,183,54,184,185,186,187,188,189,190,192,194,195,197,199,200,204,205,206,15,120,173 \|url-status=live }}</ref>

	Jurisdictions that regulate civilian access to firearms typically restrict ownership of certain lethal firearms, and require a [[firearms license\|license]] to own or carry a weapon.		Jurisdictions that regulate civilian access to firearms typically restrict ownership of certain lethal firearms, and require a gun safety course or [[firearms license\|license]] to own or carry a weapon.

	In some countries, such as [[Gun law in the United States\|the United States]], gun control measures can be implemented at the national, state, or local levels.		In some countries, such as [[Gun law in the United States\|the United States]], gun control measures can be implemented at the national, state, or local levels.

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	'''Gun control''', or '''firearms regulation''', is the set of laws or policies that regulate the manufacture, sale, transfer, possession, modification, or use of [[firearm]]s by civilians.<ref>Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (2005). [https://www.atf.gov/file/58686/download Federal Firearms Regulations Reference Guide (PDF).] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210424054342/https://www.atf.gov/file/58686/download \|date=2021-04-24 }} U.S. Department of Justice. Retrieved: January 3, 2016.</ref><ref>{{Cite web\| url=https://www.loc.gov/law/help/firearms-control/\| title=Firearms-Control Legislation and Policy\| website=[[Library of Congress]]\| access-date=2016-03-22 \| archive-date=2022-05-30 \| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220530145418/https://www.loc.gov/collections/publications-of-the-law-library-of-congress/about-this-collection/\| url-status=live}}</ref>		'''Gun control''', or '''firearms regulation''', is the set of laws or policies that regulate the manufacture, sale, transfer, possession, modification, or use of [[firearm]]s by civilians.<ref>Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (2005). [https://www.atf.gov/file/58686/download Federal Firearms Regulations Reference Guide (PDF).] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210424054342/https://www.atf.gov/file/58686/download \|date=2021-04-24 }} U.S. Department of Justice. Retrieved: January 3, 2016.</ref><ref>{{Cite web\| url=https://www.loc.gov/law/help/firearms-control/\| title=Firearms-Control Legislation and Policy\| website=[[Library of Congress]]\| access-date=2016-03-22 \| archive-date=2022-05-30 \| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220530145418/https://www.loc.gov/collections/publications-of-the-law-library-of-congress/about-this-collection/\| url-status=live}}</ref>

	~~[[Overview~~ of ~~gun~~ ~~laws~~ by ~~nation\|Most~~ ~~countries~~ have ~~relatively restrictive~~ firearms laws]], ~~with~~ ~~only~~ a ~~few~~ ~~being~~ categorized as permissive.{{efn\|name="sydney"\|{{asof\|2022\|April}}, the only countries with permissive gun legislation are: Chad, Republic of Congo, Honduras, Micronesia, Namibia, Nigeria, Pakistan, Senegal, Switzerland, Tanzania, the United States, Yemen, and Zambia.}}<ref>{{cite web \|last1=Alpers \|first1=Philip \|last2=Wilson \|first2=Marcus \|title=Guns in the United Nations: Firearm Regulation - Guiding Policy \|publisher=Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney \|url=https://www.gunpolicy.org/firearms/compare/193/firearm_regulation_-_guiding_policy/3,6,7,8,10,11,12,13,16,17,18,19,22,26,27,28,217,29,30,218,31,38,39,40,41,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,222,52,56,57,58,60,61,62,64,65,66,69,71,72,74,75,77,78,79,81,82,83,86,90,91,94,95,233,99,100,102,234,104,105,107,108,110,111,112,236,238,113,114,116,241,118,121,122,123,125,128,129,131,136,137,139,140,142,143,144,145,146,148,149,150,152,153,154,155,158,159,162,163,247,164,166,170,172,174,249,251,175,252,177,178,180,182,183,54,184,185,186,187,188,189,190,192,194,195,197,199,200,204,205,206,15,120,173 \|access-date=August 27, 2016 \|date=9 June 2020 \|via=GunPolicy.org \|archive-date=2021-04-18 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418071137/https://www.gunpolicy.org/firearms/compare/193/firearm_regulation_-_guiding_policy/3,6,7,8,10,11,12,13,16,17,18,19,22,26,27,28,217,29,30,218,31,38,39,40,41,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,222,52,56,57,58,60,61,62,64,65,66,69,71,72,74,75,77,78,79,81,82,83,86,90,91,94,95,233,99,100,102,234,104,105,107,108,110,111,112,236,238,113,114,116,241,118,121,122,123,125,128,129,131,136,137,139,140,142,143,144,145,146,148,149,150,152,153,154,155,158,159,162,163,247,164,166,170,172,174,249,251,175,252,177,178,180,182,183,54,184,185,186,187,188,189,190,192,194,195,197,199,200,204,205,206,15,120,173 \|url-status=live }}</ref> Jurisdictions that regulate ~~private~~ access to firearms typically ~~first~~ restrict ownership of certain ~~categories of~~ firearms, and ~~may then make further restrictions of the categories of persons who may be granted~~ a [[firearms license\|license]] to own or carry. In some countries, such as [[Gun law in the United States\|the United States]], gun control ~~may~~ be implemented at ~~any of~~ the ~~[[Federalism\|federal]]~~, state, or local levels.		Most countries allow civilians to own firearms, but have strong firearms laws to prevent violence. Only a few countries, such as [[Namibia]], [[Yemen]] and the [[United States]] are categorized as permissive.{{efn\|name="sydney"\|{{asof\|2022\|April}}, the only countries with permissive gun legislation are: Chad, Republic of Congo, Honduras, Micronesia, Namibia, Nigeria, Pakistan, Senegal, Switzerland, Tanzania, the United States, Yemen, and Zambia.}}<ref>{{cite web \|last1=Alpers \|first1=Philip \|last2=Wilson \|first2=Marcus \|title=Guns in the United Nations: Firearm Regulation - Guiding Policy \|publisher=Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney \|url=https://www.gunpolicy.org/firearms/compare/193/firearm_regulation_-_guiding_policy/3,6,7,8,10,11,12,13,16,17,18,19,22,26,27,28,217,29,30,218,31,38,39,40,41,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,222,52,56,57,58,60,61,62,64,65,66,69,71,72,74,75,77,78,79,81,82,83,86,90,91,94,95,233,99,100,102,234,104,105,107,108,110,111,112,236,238,113,114,116,241,118,121,122,123,125,128,129,131,136,137,139,140,142,143,144,145,146,148,149,150,152,153,154,155,158,159,162,163,247,164,166,170,172,174,249,251,175,252,177,178,180,182,183,54,184,185,186,187,188,189,190,192,194,195,197,199,200,204,205,206,15,120,173 \|access-date=August 27, 2016 \|date=9 June 2020 \|via=GunPolicy.org \|archive-date=2021-04-18 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418071137/https://www.gunpolicy.org/firearms/compare/193/firearm_regulation_-_guiding_policy/3,6,7,8,10,11,12,13,16,17,18,19,22,26,27,28,217,29,30,218,31,38,39,40,41,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,222,52,56,57,58,60,61,62,64,65,66,69,71,72,74,75,77,78,79,81,82,83,86,90,91,94,95,233,99,100,102,234,104,105,107,108,110,111,112,236,238,113,114,116,241,118,121,122,123,125,128,129,131,136,137,139,140,142,143,144,145,146,148,149,150,152,153,154,155,158,159,162,163,247,164,166,170,172,174,249,251,175,252,177,178,180,182,183,54,184,185,186,187,188,189,190,192,194,195,197,199,200,204,205,206,15,120,173 \|url-status=live }}</ref>

			Jurisdictions that regulate civilian access to firearms typically restrict ownership of certain lethal firearms, and require a [[firearms license\|license]] to own or carry a weapon.

			In some countries, such as [[Gun law in the United States\|the United States]], gun control measures can be implemented at the national, state, or local levels.
	{{TOC limit}}		{{TOC limit}}

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	Gun control refers to domestic and international attempts to regulate, and harmonize the regulation of, the private and industrial manufacture, trade, possession, use, and transport of a class of weapons typically identified as [[small arms]]. This class of arms commonly includes [[revolver]]s, self-loading [[pistols]], [[rifle]]s and [[carbine]]s, so-called [[assault rifle]]s, and some categories of [[machine gun]].<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.unodc.org/documents/organized-crime/Firearms/ITI.pdf \|title=International Instrument to Enable States to Identify and Trace, in a Timely and Reliable Manner, Illicit Small Arms and Light Weapon \|date=February 25, 2013 \|website=unodc.org \|publisher=United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime \|access-date=February 14, 2014 \|archive-date=2020-11-11 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111202349/http://www.unodc.org/documents/organized-crime/Firearms/ITI.pdf \|url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|title=Definitions of Small Arms and Light Weapons \|url=http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/weapons-and-markets/definitions.html \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110619030929/http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/weapons-and-markets/definitions.html \|url-status=dead \|archive-date=19 June 2011 \|date=April 15, 2013 \|publisher=Small Arms Survey\|access-date=February 10, 2014}}</ref>		Gun control refers to domestic and international attempts to regulate, and harmonize the regulation of, the private and industrial manufacture, trade, possession, use, and transport of a class of weapons typically identified as [[small arms]]. This class of arms commonly includes [[revolver]]s, self-loading [[pistols]], [[rifle]]s and [[carbine]]s, so-called [[assault rifle]]s, and some categories of [[machine gun]].<ref>{{cite web \|url=http://www.unodc.org/documents/organized-crime/Firearms/ITI.pdf \|title=International Instrument to Enable States to Identify and Trace, in a Timely and Reliable Manner, Illicit Small Arms and Light Weapon \|date=February 25, 2013 \|website=unodc.org \|publisher=United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime \|access-date=February 14, 2014 \|archive-date=2020-11-11 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111202349/http://www.unodc.org/documents/organized-crime/Firearms/ITI.pdf \|url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|title=Definitions of Small Arms and Light Weapons \|url=http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/weapons-and-markets/definitions.html \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110619030929/http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/weapons-and-markets/definitions.html \|url-status=dead \|archive-date=19 June 2011 \|date=April 15, 2013 \|publisher=Small Arms Survey\|access-date=February 10, 2014}}</ref>

	~~The~~ term ''gun control'' itself is considered politicized.<ref>{{cite web \| url=https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2016/01/word-choice-and-gun-culture/423108/ \| title=How 'Gun Control' Became a Taboo Phrase \| website=The Atlantic \| date=11 January 2016 \| access-date=29 March 2016 \| author=LaFrance, Adrienne \| archive-date=2017-01-17 \| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170117075444/http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2016/01/word-choice-and-gun-culture/423108/ \| url-status=live }}</ref> Many gun control advocates prefer the use of terms like "gun-violence prevention", "gun safety", or "common-sense regulation" to describe their objectives.<ref>Ball, Molly (January 2013). [https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2013/01/dont-call-it-gun-control/267259/ Don't Call It 'Gun Control'] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417074045/https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2013/01/dont-call-it-gun-control/267259/ \|date=2021-04-17 }} ''The Atlantic.'' Retrieved: September 24, 2016.</ref>		In the United States, the term ''gun control'' itself is considered politicized.<ref>{{cite web \| url=https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2016/01/word-choice-and-gun-culture/423108/ \| title=How 'Gun Control' Became a Taboo Phrase \| website=The Atlantic \| date=11 January 2016 \| access-date=29 March 2016 \| author=LaFrance, Adrienne \| archive-date=2017-01-17 \| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170117075444/http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2016/01/word-choice-and-gun-culture/423108/ \| url-status=live }}</ref> Many gun control advocates prefer the use of terms like "gun-violence prevention", "gun safety", or "common-sense regulation" to describe their objectives.<ref>Ball, Molly (January 2013). [https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2013/01/dont-call-it-gun-control/267259/ Don't Call It 'Gun Control'] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417074045/https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2013/01/dont-call-it-gun-control/267259/ \|date=2021-04-17 }} ''The Atlantic.'' Retrieved: September 24, 2016.</ref>

	In 2007, a global supply of 875 million small arms were estimated to be in the hands of civilians, law enforcement agencies, and national armed forces.{{efn\|This figure excludes older, pre-automatic small arms from military and law enforcement stockpiles or 'craft-produced' civilian firearms.{{sfn\|Karp\|2007\|p=39}}}}{{sfn\|Karp\|2007\|p=39}} Of these firearms, 650 million, or 75%, were estimated to be held by civilians.{{sfn\|Karp\|2007\|p=39}} U.S. civilians account for 270 million of this total.{{sfn\|Karp\|2007\|p=39}} A further 200 million are controlled by national military forces.{{sfn\|Karp\|2010\|p=102\|ps=}} Law enforcement agencies may have some 26 million small arms.{{sfn\|Karp\|2010\|p=102\|ps=}} Non-state armed groups{{efn\|Composed of 'insurgents and militias, including dormant and state-related groups'.{{sfn\|Karp\|2010\|p=101\|ps=}}}} have about 1.4 million firearms.{{efn\|However, as of 2009, active non-state armed groups, numbering about 285,000 combatants, control only about 350,000 small arms.{{sfn\|Karp\|2010\|p=121\|ps=}}}}{{sfn\|Karp\|2010\|p=102\|ps=}} Finally, gang members hold between 2 and 10 million small arms.{{sfn\|Karp\|2010\|p=102\|ps=}} Together, the small arms arsenals of non-state armed groups and gangs have been estimated to account for, at most, 1.4% of the global total.{{sfn\|Karp\|2010\|p=101\|ps=}}		In 2007, a global supply of 875 million small arms were estimated to be in the hands of civilians, law enforcement agencies, and national armed forces.{{efn\|This figure excludes older, pre-automatic small arms from military and law enforcement stockpiles or 'craft-produced' civilian firearms.{{sfn\|Karp\|2007\|p=39}}}}{{sfn\|Karp\|2007\|p=39}} Of these firearms, 650 million, or 75%, were estimated to be held by civilians.{{sfn\|Karp\|2007\|p=39}} U.S. civilians account for 270 million of this total.{{sfn\|Karp\|2007\|p=39}} A further 200 million are controlled by national military forces.{{sfn\|Karp\|2010\|p=102\|ps=}} Law enforcement agencies may have some 26 million small arms.{{sfn\|Karp\|2010\|p=102\|ps=}} Non-state armed groups{{efn\|Composed of 'insurgents and militias, including dormant and state-related groups'.{{sfn\|Karp\|2010\|p=101\|ps=}}}} have about 1.4 million firearms.{{efn\|However, as of 2009, active non-state armed groups, numbering about 285,000 combatants, control only about 350,000 small arms.{{sfn\|Karp\|2010\|p=121\|ps=}}}}{{sfn\|Karp\|2010\|p=102\|ps=}} Finally, gang members hold between 2 and 10 million small arms.{{sfn\|Karp\|2010\|p=102\|ps=}} Together, the small arms arsenals of non-state armed groups and gangs have been estimated to account for, at most, 1.4% of the global total.{{sfn\|Karp\|2010\|p=101\|ps=}}

← Previous revision		Revision as of 06:20, 6 May 2024
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	* {{Cite journal \|last1=Cheung \|first1=A. H. \|last2=Dewa \|first2=C. S. \|year=2005 \|title=Current trends in youth suicide and firearms regulations \|journal=Canadian Journal of Public Health \|volume=96 \|issue=2 \|pages=131–35 \|doi=10.1007/BF03403676 \|pmc=6975744 \|pmid=15850034}}		* {{Cite journal \|last1=Cheung \|first1=A. H. \|last2=Dewa \|first2=C. S. \|year=2005 \|title=Current trends in youth suicide and firearms regulations \|journal=Canadian Journal of Public Health \|volume=96 \|issue=2 \|pages=131–35 \|doi=10.1007/BF03403676 \|pmc=6975744 \|pmid=15850034}}
	<!-- {{sfn\|Conner\|Zhong\|2003}} -->		<!-- {{sfn\|Conner\|Zhong\|2003}} -->
	* {{cite journal\|last1=Conner\|first1=Kenneth R\|last2=Zhong\|first2=Yueying\|title=State firearm laws and rates of suicide in men and women\|journal=American Journal of Preventive Medicine\|date=November 2003\|volume=25\|issue=4 \|pages=320–24\|doi=10.1016/S0749-3797(03)00212-5\|pmid=14580634}}		* {{cite journal\|last1=Conner\|first1=Kenneth R\|last2=Zhong\|first2=Yueying\|title=State firearm laws and rates of suicide in men and women\|journal=American Journal of Preventive Medicine\|date=November 2003\|volume=25\|issue=4 \|pages=320–24\|doi=10.1016/S0749-3797(03)00212-5\|pmid=14580634\|doi-access=free}}
	<!-- {{sfn\|Conwell et al.\|2002\|p=??}} -->		<!-- {{sfn\|Conwell et al.\|2002\|p=??}} -->
	* {{Cite journal \|last1=Conwell \|first1=Y. \|last2=Duberstein \|first2=P. R. \|last3=Connor \|first3=K. \|last4=Eberly \|first4=S. \|last5=Cox \|first5=C. \|last6=Caine \|first6=E. D. \|display-authors=3 \|title=Access to Firearms and Risk for Suicide in Middle-Aged and Older Adults \|journal=The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry \|volume=10 \|issue=4 \|pages=407–16 \|year=2002 \|pmid=12095900\|doi=10.1097/00019442-200207000-00007 \|ref={{harvid\|Conwell et al.\|2002}}}}		* {{Cite journal \|last1=Conwell \|first1=Y. \|last2=Duberstein \|first2=P. R. \|last3=Connor \|first3=K. \|last4=Eberly \|first4=S. \|last5=Cox \|first5=C. \|last6=Caine \|first6=E. D. \|display-authors=3 \|title=Access to Firearms and Risk for Suicide in Middle-Aged and Older Adults \|journal=The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry \|volume=10 \|issue=4 \|pages=407–16 \|year=2002 \|pmid=12095900\|doi=10.1097/00019442-200207000-00007 \|ref={{harvid\|Conwell et al.\|2002}}}}

← Previous revision		Revision as of 23:53, 18 October 2024
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	'''Gun control''', or '''firearms regulation''', is the set of laws or policies that regulate the manufacture, sale, transfer, possession, modification, or use of [[firearm]]s by civilians.<ref>Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (2005). [https://www.atf.gov/file/58686/download Federal Firearms Regulations Reference Guide (PDF).] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210424054342/https://www.atf.gov/file/58686/download \|date=2021-04-24 }} U.S. Department of Justice. Retrieved: January 3, 2016.</ref><ref>{{Cite web\| url=https://www.loc.gov/law/help/firearms-control/\| title=Firearms-Control Legislation and Policy\| website=[[Library of Congress]]\| access-date=2016-03-22 \| archive-date=2022-05-30 \| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220530145418/https://www.loc.gov/collections/publications-of-the-law-library-of-congress/about-this-collection/\| url-status=live}}</ref>		'''Gun control''', or '''firearms regulation''', is the set of laws or policies that regulate the manufacture, sale, transfer, possession, modification, or use of [[firearm]]s by civilians.<ref>Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (2005). [https://www.atf.gov/file/58686/download Federal Firearms Regulations Reference Guide (PDF).] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210424054342/https://www.atf.gov/file/58686/download \|date=2021-04-24 }} U.S. Department of Justice. Retrieved: January 3, 2016.</ref><ref>{{Cite web\| url=https://www.loc.gov/law/help/firearms-control/\| title=Firearms-Control Legislation and Policy\| website=[[Library of Congress]]\| access-date=2016-03-22 \| archive-date=2022-05-30 \| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220530145418/https://www.loc.gov/collections/publications-of-the-law-library-of-congress/about-this-collection/\| url-status=live}}</ref>

	Most countries allow civilians to own firearms, but have strong firearms laws to prevent violence. Only a few countries, such as [[Namibia]], [[Yemen]] and the [[United States]] are categorized as permissive.{{efn\|name="sydney"\|{{~~asof~~\|2022\|April}}, the only countries with permissive gun legislation are: Chad, Republic of Congo, Honduras, Micronesia, Namibia, Nigeria, Pakistan, Senegal, Switzerland, Tanzania, the United States, Yemen, and Zambia.}}<ref>{{cite web \|last1=Alpers \|first1=Philip \|last2=Wilson \|first2=Marcus \|title=Guns in the United Nations: Firearm Regulation - Guiding Policy \|publisher=Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney \|url=https://www.gunpolicy.org/firearms/compare/193/firearm_regulation_-_guiding_policy/3,6,7,8,10,11,12,13,16,17,18,19,22,26,27,28,217,29,30,218,31,38,39,40,41,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,222,52,56,57,58,60,61,62,64,65,66,69,71,72,74,75,77,78,79,81,82,83,86,90,91,94,95,233,99,100,102,234,104,105,107,108,110,111,112,236,238,113,114,116,241,118,121,122,123,125,128,129,131,136,137,139,140,142,143,144,145,146,148,149,150,152,153,154,155,158,159,162,163,247,164,166,170,172,174,249,251,175,252,177,178,180,182,183,54,184,185,186,187,188,189,190,192,194,195,197,199,200,204,205,206,15,120,173 \|access-date=August 27, 2016 \|date=9 June 2020 \|via=GunPolicy.org \|archive-date=2021-04-18 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418071137/https://www.gunpolicy.org/firearms/compare/193/firearm_regulation_-_guiding_policy/3,6,7,8,10,11,12,13,16,17,18,19,22,26,27,28,217,29,30,218,31,38,39,40,41,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,222,52,56,57,58,60,61,62,64,65,66,69,71,72,74,75,77,78,79,81,82,83,86,90,91,94,95,233,99,100,102,234,104,105,107,108,110,111,112,236,238,113,114,116,241,118,121,122,123,125,128,129,131,136,137,139,140,142,143,144,145,146,148,149,150,152,153,154,155,158,159,162,163,247,164,166,170,172,174,249,251,175,252,177,178,180,182,183,54,184,185,186,187,188,189,190,192,194,195,197,199,200,204,205,206,15,120,173 \|url-status=live }}</ref>		Most countries allow civilians to own firearms, but have strong firearms laws to prevent violence. Only a few countries, such as [[Namibia]], [[Yemen]] and the [[United States]] are categorized as permissive.{{efn\|name="sydney"\|{{as of\|2022\|April}}, the only countries with permissive gun legislation are: Chad, Republic of Congo, Honduras, Micronesia, Namibia, Nigeria, Pakistan, Senegal, Switzerland, Tanzania, the United States, Yemen, and Zambia.}}<ref>{{cite web \|last1=Alpers \|first1=Philip \|last2=Wilson \|first2=Marcus \|title=Guns in the United Nations: Firearm Regulation - Guiding Policy \|publisher=Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney \|url=https://www.gunpolicy.org/firearms/compare/193/firearm_regulation_-_guiding_policy/3,6,7,8,10,11,12,13,16,17,18,19,22,26,27,28,217,29,30,218,31,38,39,40,41,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,222,52,56,57,58,60,61,62,64,65,66,69,71,72,74,75,77,78,79,81,82,83,86,90,91,94,95,233,99,100,102,234,104,105,107,108,110,111,112,236,238,113,114,116,241,118,121,122,123,125,128,129,131,136,137,139,140,142,143,144,145,146,148,149,150,152,153,154,155,158,159,162,163,247,164,166,170,172,174,249,251,175,252,177,178,180,182,183,54,184,185,186,187,188,189,190,192,194,195,197,199,200,204,205,206,15,120,173 \|access-date=August 27, 2016 \|date=9 June 2020 \|via=GunPolicy.org \|archive-date=2021-04-18 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210418071137/https://www.gunpolicy.org/firearms/compare/193/firearm_regulation_-_guiding_policy/3,6,7,8,10,11,12,13,16,17,18,19,22,26,27,28,217,29,30,218,31,38,39,40,41,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,222,52,56,57,58,60,61,62,64,65,66,69,71,72,74,75,77,78,79,81,82,83,86,90,91,94,95,233,99,100,102,234,104,105,107,108,110,111,112,236,238,113,114,116,241,118,121,122,123,125,128,129,131,136,137,139,140,142,143,144,145,146,148,149,150,152,153,154,155,158,159,162,163,247,164,166,170,172,174,249,251,175,252,177,178,180,182,183,54,184,185,186,187,188,189,190,192,194,195,197,199,200,204,205,206,15,120,173 \|url-status=live }}</ref>

	Jurisdictions that regulate civilian access to firearms typically restrict ownership of certain lethal firearms, and require a mandatory gun safety course or [[firearms license]] to own or carry a weapon.		Jurisdictions that regulate civilian access to firearms typically restrict ownership of certain lethal firearms, and require a mandatory gun safety course or [[firearms license]] to own or carry a weapon.

	In some countries, such as [[Gun law in the United States\|the United States]], gun control measures can be implemented at the national, state, or local levels.		In some countries, such as [[Gun law in the United States\|the United States]], gun control measures can be implemented at the national, state, or local levels.
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	In the United States, gun rights activists argue gun laws are too restrictive or should not be altered, and gun control activists argue gun laws are too permissive. Both camps center their arguments upon the legal and traditional interpretations of the [[Second Amendment]] to the U.S. Constitution.<ref>{{Cite journal \|last=Peeples \|first=Lynne \|date=2022-07-01 \|title=US gun policies: what researchers know about their effectiveness \|journal=Nature \|language=en \|volume=607 \|issue=7919 \|pages=434–435 \|doi=10.1038/d41586-022-01791-z\|pmid=35778495 \|bibcode=2022Natur.607..434P \|s2cid=250218456 \|doi-access=free }}</ref>		In the United States, gun rights activists argue gun laws are too restrictive or should not be altered, and gun control activists argue gun laws are too permissive. Both camps center their arguments upon the legal and traditional interpretations of the [[Second Amendment]] to the U.S. Constitution.<ref>{{Cite journal \|last=Peeples \|first=Lynne \|date=2022-07-01 \|title=US gun policies: what researchers know about their effectiveness \|journal=Nature \|language=en \|volume=607 \|issue=7919 \|pages=434–435 \|doi=10.1038/d41586-022-01791-z\|pmid=35778495 \|bibcode=2022Natur.607..434P \|s2cid=250218456 \|doi-access=free }}</ref>
	[[File:2019 Gun ownership rates and gun homicide rates - developed world - scatter plot.svg\|thumb\|upright=1.25\| Multiple studies show that where people have easy access to firearms, gun-related deaths tend to be more frequent, including by suicide, homicide and unintentional injuries.<ref name=CNN_20211126>{{cite news \|last1=Fox \|first1=Kara \|last2=Shveda \|first2=Krystina \|last3=Croker \|first3=Natalie \|last4=Chacon \|first4=Marco \|title=How US gun culture stacks up with the world \|url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/11/26/world/us-gun-culture-world-comparison-intl-cmd/index.html \|work=CNN \|date=November 26, 2021 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211126193406/https://www.cnn.com/2021/11/26/world/us-gun-culture-world-comparison-intl-cmd/index.html \|archive-date=November 26, 2021 \|url-status=live \|quote=CNN's attribution: Developed countries are defined based on the UN classification, which includes 36 countries. Source: Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (Global Burden of Disease 2019), Small Arms Survey (Civilian Firearm Holdings 2017)}}</ref>]]		[[File:2019 Gun ownership rates and gun homicide rates - developed world - scatter plot.svg\|thumb\|upright=1.25\| Multiple studies show that where people have easy access to firearms, gun-related deaths tend to be more frequent, including by suicide, homicide and unintentional injuries.<ref name=CNN_20211126>{{cite news \|last1=Fox \|first1=Kara \|last2=Shveda \|first2=Krystina \|last3=Croker \|first3=Natalie \|last4=Chacon \|first4=Marco \|title=How US gun culture stacks up with the world \|url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/11/26/world/us-gun-culture-world-comparison-intl-cmd/index.html \|work=CNN \|date=November 26, 2021 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211126193406/https://www.cnn.com/2021/11/26/world/us-gun-culture-world-comparison-intl-cmd/index.html \|archive-date=November 26, 2021 \|url-status=live \|quote=CNN's attribution: Developed countries are defined based on the UN classification, which includes 36 countries. Source: Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (Global Burden of Disease 2019), Small Arms Survey (Civilian Firearm Holdings 2017)}}</ref>]]
	[[File:1970- Gun production - US.svg \|thumb \|upright=1.25 \|Annual gun production in the U.S. has increased substantially in the 21st century, after having remained fairly level over preceding decades.<ref name=TheTrace_20240409/> By 2023, a majority of U.S. states allowed adults to carry concealed guns in public.<ref name=TheTrace_20240409>{{cite web \|last1=Mascia \|first1=Jennifer \|last2=Brownlee \|first2=Chip \|title=The Armed Era \|url=https://www.thetrace.org/2024/04/columbine-shooting-guns-whats-changed/ \|publisher=The Trace \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240414235456/https://www.thetrace.org/2024/04/columbine-shooting-guns-whats-changed/ \|archive-date=April 14, 2024 \|date=April 9, 2024 \|url-status=live }}</ref>]]		[[File:1970- Gun production - US.svg \|thumb\|upright=1.25 \|Annual gun production in the U.S. has increased substantially in the 21st century, after having remained fairly level over preceding decades.<ref name=TheTrace_20240409/> By 2023, a majority of U.S. states allowed adults to carry concealed guns in public.<ref name=TheTrace_20240409>{{cite web \|last1=Mascia \|first1=Jennifer \|last2=Brownlee \|first2=Chip \|title=The Armed Era \|url=https://www.thetrace.org/2024/04/columbine-shooting-guns-whats-changed/ \|publisher=The Trace \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240414235456/https://www.thetrace.org/2024/04/columbine-shooting-guns-whats-changed/ \|archive-date=April 14, 2024 \|date=April 9, 2024 \|url-status=live }}</ref>]]

	====Cross-sectional studies====		====Cross-sectional studies====
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	Philosophy professor [[Michael Huemer]] argues that gun control may be morally wrong, even if its outcomes would be positive, because individuals have a prima facie right to own a gun for self-defense and recreation.{{sfn\|Huemer\|2003}}		Philosophy professor [[Michael Huemer]] argues that gun control may be morally wrong, even if its outcomes would be positive, because individuals have a prima facie right to own a gun for self-defense and recreation.{{sfn\|Huemer\|2003}}

	A 2007 article published by the ''Journal of Injury Prevention'' states that approximately 60% of firearms used to commit violent crime can be traced to 1% of licensed dealers.<ref>{{Cite journal \|last1=Vernick \|first1=Jon S \|last2=Webster \|first2=Daniel W \|date=2007 \|title=Policies to prevent firearm trafficking \|journal=Injury Prevention \|volume=13 \|issue=2 \|pages=78–79 \|doi=10.1136/ip.2007.015487 \|issn=1353-8047 \|pmc=2610592 \|pmid=17446245 }}</ref> This finding indicates that, although gun laws effectively regulate approximately 99% of purchases made from licensed dealers, a majority of gun-related violent crimes are perpetrated using guns that were purchased in violation of regulations. The ''Journal of Injury Prevention'' article advocates for increased monitoring of gun vendors in tandem with the optimization of gun sale regulation, as a means to decrease violent crime perpetrated with a firearm.<ref~~>{{Cite~~ ~~journal \|last1~~=~~Vernick \|first1=Jon S \|last2=Webster \|first2=Daniel W \|date=2007 \|title=Policies to prevent firearm trafficking \|journal=Injury Prevention \|volume=13 \|issue=2 \|pages=78–79 \|doi=10.1136~~/~~ip.2007.015487 \|issn=1353-8047 \|pmc=2610592 \|pmid=17446245 }}</ref~~>		A 2007 article published by the ''Journal of Injury Prevention'' states that approximately 60% of firearms used to commit violent crime can be traced to 1% of licensed dealers.<ref name="ReferenceA">{{Cite journal \|last1=Vernick \|first1=Jon S \|last2=Webster \|first2=Daniel W \|date=2007 \|title=Policies to prevent firearm trafficking \|journal=Injury Prevention \|volume=13 \|issue=2 \|pages=78–79 \|doi=10.1136/ip.2007.015487 \|issn=1353-8047 \|pmc=2610592 \|pmid=17446245 }}</ref> This finding indicates that, although gun laws effectively regulate approximately 99% of purchases made from licensed dealers, a majority of gun-related violent crimes are perpetrated using guns that were purchased in violation of regulations. The ''Journal of Injury Prevention'' article advocates for increased monitoring of gun vendors in tandem with the optimization of gun sale regulation, as a means to decrease violent crime perpetrated with a firearm.<ref name="ReferenceA"/>

	In 2009, the [[Public Health Law Research]] program,<ref>{{cite web \|title=Home – Public Health Law Research \|url=http://www.publichealthlawresearch.org/ \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191213125613/http://publichealthlawresearch.org/ \|archive-date=December 13, 2019 \|access-date=October 4, 2017 \|website=Publichealthlawresearch.org}}</ref> an independent organization, published several evidence briefs summarizing the research assessing the effect of a specific law or policy on public health, that concern the effectiveness of various laws related to gun safety. Among their findings:		In 2009, the [[Public Health Law Research]] program,<ref>{{cite web \|title=Home – Public Health Law Research \|url=http://www.publichealthlawresearch.org/ \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191213125613/http://publichealthlawresearch.org/ \|archive-date=December 13, 2019 \|access-date=October 4, 2017 \|website=Publichealthlawresearch.org}}</ref> an independent organization, published several evidence briefs summarizing the research assessing the effect of a specific law or policy on public health, that concern the effectiveness of various laws related to gun safety. Among their findings:
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	==External links==		==External links==
	{{Library resources box \|by=no \|onlinebooks=no \|others=yes lcheading=Gun control}}		{{Library resources box \|by=no \|onlinebooks=no \|others=yes lcheading=Gun control}}
	* {{Curlie\|Society/Issues/Gun_Control}}
	* [https://www.gunpolicy.org/ GunPolicy.org] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180913002219/https://www.gunpolicy.org/ \|date=2018-09-13 }}		* [https://www.gunpolicy.org/ GunPolicy.org] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180913002219/https://www.gunpolicy.org/ \|date=2018-09-13 }}