Gustav Hölscher - Revision history

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	'''Gustav Hölscher''' (17 June 1877 - 16 September 1955) was a ~~[[Germany\|~~German]] [[Lutheranism\|Evangelical-Lutheran]] [[theologian]] and a professor of [[Old Testament\|Old Testament Studies]].<ref name=GHlautGP>{{cite web\|url= https://www.ostfriesischelandschaft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/BIBLIOTHEK/BLO/Hoelscher_Gustav.pdf\|title=Gustav Diedrich Hillard Hölscher \|author=Georg Plasger\|publisher=Ostfriesische Landschaft, Aurich\|accessdate=11 February 2019}}</ref><ref name=GHlautGCM>{{cite web\|url= https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/gnd116927461.html#ndbcontent\|author=Georg Christian Macholz\| work=[[Neue Deutsche Biographie]]\| volume=9\|date=1972\| title=Hölscher, Gustav evangelischer Theologe, * 17.6.1877 Norden (Ostfriesland), † 16.9.1955 Heidelberg.\| page=334\| publisher=Historische Kommission bei der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften (HiKo), München \|accessdate=11 February 2019}}</ref>		'''Gustav Hölscher''' (17 June 1877 - 16 September 1955) was a German [[Lutheranism\|Evangelical-Lutheran]] [[theologian]] and a professor of [[Old Testament\|Old Testament Studies]].<ref name=GHlautGP>{{cite web\|url= https://www.ostfriesischelandschaft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/BIBLIOTHEK/BLO/Hoelscher_Gustav.pdf\|title=Gustav Diedrich Hillard Hölscher \|author=Georg Plasger\|publisher=Ostfriesische Landschaft, Aurich\|accessdate=11 February 2019}}</ref><ref name=GHlautGCM>{{cite web\|url= https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/gnd116927461.html#ndbcontent\|author=Georg Christian Macholz\| work=[[Neue Deutsche Biographie]]\| volume=9\|date=1972\| title=Hölscher, Gustav evangelischer Theologe, * 17.6.1877 Norden (Ostfriesland), † 16.9.1955 Heidelberg.\| page=334\| publisher=Historische Kommission bei der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften (HiKo), München \|accessdate=11 February 2019}}</ref>

	==Biography==		==Biography==

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	\|name = Gustav Hölscher		\|name = Gustav Hölscher
	\|image =		\|image =
	\|image_size =
	\|caption =		\|caption =
			\| education =
	\|university =
	\|term_start =
	\|term_end =
	\|predecessor =		\|predecessor =
	\|successor =
	\|birth_name = Gustav Diedrich Hillard Hölscher		\|birth_name = Gustav Diedrich Hillard Hölscher
	\|birth_date = {{birth date\|df=yes\|1877\|6\|17}}		\|birth_date = {{birth date\|df=yes\|1877\|6\|17}}
	\|birth_place = [[Norden, Lower Saxony \|Norden]], [[Province of Hanover\|Hanover]], [[Kingdom of Prussia \|Prussia]], [[German empire\|Germany]]		\|birth_place = [[Norden, Lower Saxony\|Norden]], [[Province of Hanover\|Hanover]], [[Kingdom of Prussia\|Prussia]], [[German empire\|Germany]]
	\|death_date = {{death date and age\|df=yes\|1955\|8\|16\|1877\|6\|17}}		\|death_date = {{death date and age\|df=yes\|1955\|8\|16\|1877\|6\|17}}
	\|death_place = [[Heidelberg]], [[Baden-Württemberg]], [[West Germany]]		\|death_place = [[Heidelberg]], [[Baden-Württemberg]], [[West Germany]]
	\| parents =		\| parents =
	\|occupation = Theologian<br>University professor<br>[[Old Testament\|Old Testament Scholar]]		\|occupation = Theologian<br>University professor<br>[[Old Testament\|Old Testament Scholar]]
	\|alma_mater = [[University of Erlangen–Nuremberg \|Erlangen]]<br>[[University of Leipzig \|Leipzig]]<br>[[University of Marburg \|Marburg]]<br>[[University of Halle \|Halle]]		\|alma_mater = [[University of Erlangen–Nuremberg\|Erlangen]]<br>[[University of Leipzig\|Leipzig]]<br>[[University of Marburg\|Marburg]]<br>[[University of Halle\|Halle]]
	\|party =		\|party =
	\|residence =
	\|profession =
	\|religion =
	\|spouse = 1. Borghild Gjessing (1882–1930)<br>2. Gertrud von Meibom (1889-)		\|spouse = 1. Borghild Gjessing (1882–1930)<br>2. Gertrud von Meibom (1889-)
	\|children = Wilhelm Hölscher, Egyptologist<br>[[Uvo Hölscher]] (1914–1996) Classical philologist		\|children = Wilhelm Hölscher, Egyptologist<br>[[Uvo Hölscher]] (1914–1996) Classical philologist
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	'''Gustav Hölscher''' (17 June 1877 - 16 September 1955) was a [[Germany \|German]] [[Lutheranism \|Evangelical-Lutheran]] [[theologian]] and a professor of [[Old Testament\|Old Testament Studies]].<ref name=GHlautGP>{{cite web\|url= https://www.ostfriesischelandschaft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/BIBLIOTHEK/BLO/Hoelscher_Gustav.pdf\|title=Gustav Diedrich Hillard Hölscher \|author=Georg Plasger\|publisher=Ostfriesische Landschaft, Aurich\|accessdate=11 February 2019}}</ref><ref name=GHlautGCM>{{cite web\|url= https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/gnd116927461.html#ndbcontent\|author=Georg Christian Macholz\| work=[[Neue Deutsche Biographie]]\| volume=9\|date=1972\| title=Hölscher, Gustav evangelischer Theologe, * 17.6.1877 Norden (Ostfriesland), † 16.9.1955 Heidelberg.\| page=334\| publisher=Historische Kommission bei der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften (HiKo), München \|accessdate=11 February 2019}}</ref>		'''Gustav Hölscher''' (17 June 1877 - 16 September 1955) was a [[Germany\|German]] [[Lutheranism\|Evangelical-Lutheran]] [[theologian]] and a professor of [[Old Testament\|Old Testament Studies]].<ref name=GHlautGP>{{cite web\|url= https://www.ostfriesischelandschaft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/BIBLIOTHEK/BLO/Hoelscher_Gustav.pdf\|title=Gustav Diedrich Hillard Hölscher \|author=Georg Plasger\|publisher=Ostfriesische Landschaft, Aurich\|accessdate=11 February 2019}}</ref><ref name=GHlautGCM>{{cite web\|url= https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/gnd116927461.html#ndbcontent\|author=Georg Christian Macholz\| work=[[Neue Deutsche Biographie]]\| volume=9\|date=1972\| title=Hölscher, Gustav evangelischer Theologe, * 17.6.1877 Norden (Ostfriesland), † 16.9.1955 Heidelberg.\| page=334\| publisher=Historische Kommission bei der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften (HiKo), München \|accessdate=11 February 2019}}</ref>

	==Biography==		==Biography==
	Gustav Diedrich Hillard Hölscher was born in [[Norden, Lower Saxony \|Norden]], on Germany's [[North Sea]] coast and close to the [[Netherlands \|Dutch]] frontier. Both his parents came from local families and had grown up in the town, but his own childhood was more itinerant. [[:de:Wilhelm Hölscher \|Wilhelm Hölscher]], his father, was a Lutheran pastor and also a considerable theological theologian.<ref name=WHlautMT>{{cite web\|url=https://www.ostfriesischelandschaft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/BIBLIOTHEK/BLO/Hoelscher_Hermann.pdf\|title=Hermann Wilhelm Heinrich Hölscher\|author=Martin Tielke \|publisher= Ostfriesische Landschaft, Aurich \|accessdate=11 February 2019}}</ref> In 1880, while Gustav was still very small, Wilhelm Hölscher accepted a job as director of studies at [[Loccum Abbey]], which meant the family relocating to the far side of [[Bremen]]. Five years after that, in 1885, they relocated again, this time to [[Leipzig]], when Wilhelm Hölscher accepted a pastoral position at the [[St. Nicholas Church, Leipzig \|St. Nicholas Church]]. It was in Leipzig that Gustav Hölscher attended school and grew up: he came to regard it as his own "second home city".<ref name=GHlautGP/>		Gustav Diedrich Hillard Hölscher was born in [[Norden, Lower Saxony\|Norden]], on Germany's [[North Sea]] coast and close to the [[Netherlands\|Dutch]] frontier. Both his parents came from local families and had grown up in the town, but his own childhood was more itinerant. [[:de:Wilhelm Hölscher\|Wilhelm Hölscher]], his father, was a Lutheran pastor and also a considerable theological theologian.<ref name=WHlautMT>{{cite web\|url=https://www.ostfriesischelandschaft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/BIBLIOTHEK/BLO/Hoelscher_Hermann.pdf\|title=Hermann Wilhelm Heinrich Hölscher\|author=Martin Tielke \|publisher= Ostfriesische Landschaft, Aurich \|accessdate=11 February 2019}}</ref> In 1880, while Gustav was still very small, Wilhelm Hölscher accepted a job as director of studies at [[Loccum Abbey]], which meant the family relocating to the far side of [[Bremen]]. Five years after that, in 1885, they relocated again, this time to [[Leipzig]], when Wilhelm Hölscher accepted a pastoral position at the [[St. Nicholas Church, Leipzig\|St. Nicholas Church]]. It was in Leipzig that Gustav Hölscher attended school and grew up: he came to regard it as his own "second home city".<ref name=GHlautGP/>

	He enrolled as a student at [[University of Erlangen–Nuremberg \|Erlangen]], but was dissatisfied with the teaching and left after three terms, returning home to [[Leipzig]] where in 1900 he passed his [[Theology]] exams. The focus of his study was at this stage on Old and New Testament studies, along with [[oriental studies]] which included such ancient languages as [[Hebrew language \|Hebrew]] and [[Syriac language \|Syriac]] as well as [[Classical Arabic \|Arabic]], [[Akkadian language \|Akkadian]], [[Ge'ez \|Ethiopic]] and [[Persian language \|Persian]]. He was also studying [[Philosophy]]. In 1900 he moved to [[Berlin]] in order to progress his [[oriental studies]] there. In Berlin he also obtained a position as house-tutor to the [[Bernstorff \|Counts Bernstorff]]. There were plans to visit [[Cairo]], but these fell through and he handed in his notice to the Bernstorffs, again returning home to his parents' home in [[Leipzig]] where he prepared a dissertation on the territorial [[Palestine (region) \|history of Palestine]]. That was accepted by the [[Leipzig University \|University]] Philosophy faculty in 1902. One consequence of the dissertation was an offer from the [[Deutsche Orient-Gesellschaft]] to spend half a year with [[:de:Hermann Thiersch \|Hermann Thiersch]] in [[Palestine (region) \|Palestine]] in order to investigate future archaeological sites. The six month visit was a formative experience in various ways: during it he resolved to work towards a career as a lecturer in [[Old Testament\|Old Testament Studies]].<ref name=GHlautGP/><ref name=GHlautGCM/>		He enrolled as a student at [[University of Erlangen–Nuremberg\|Erlangen]], but was dissatisfied with the teaching and left after three terms, returning home to [[Leipzig]] where in 1900 he passed his [[Theology]] exams. The focus of his study was at this stage on Old and New Testament studies, along with [[oriental studies]] which included such ancient languages as [[Hebrew language\|Hebrew]] and [[Syriac language\|Syriac]] as well as [[Classical Arabic\|Arabic]], [[Akkadian language\|Akkadian]], [[Ge'ez\|Ethiopic]] and [[Persian language\|Persian]]. He was also studying [[Philosophy]]. In 1900 he moved to [[Berlin]] in order to progress his [[oriental studies]] there. In Berlin he also obtained a position as house-tutor to the [[Bernstorff\|Counts Bernstorff]]. There were plans to visit [[Cairo]], but these fell through and he handed in his notice to the Bernstorffs, again returning home to his parents' home in [[Leipzig]] where he prepared a dissertation on the territorial [[Palestine (region)\|history of Palestine]]. That was accepted by the [[Leipzig University\|University]] Philosophy faculty in 1902. One consequence of the dissertation was an offer from the [[Deutsche Orient-Gesellschaft]] to spend half a year with [[:de:Hermann Thiersch\|Hermann Thiersch]] in [[Palestine (region)\|Palestine]] in order to investigate future archaeological sites. The six month visit was a formative experience in various ways: during it he resolved to work towards a career as a lecturer in [[Old Testament\|Old Testament Studies]].<ref name=GHlautGP/><ref name=GHlautGCM/>

	In 1904 he successfully submitted his doctoral dissertation at the [[University of Marburg]]. His [[Habilitation]] from the [[Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg \|University of Halle]] followed just a year later, and opened the way to a lifetime careers in the universities sector. As well as various university appointments, he also took on the editorship of the journal of the German Palestine Society and received a supplementary income for work as a [[Privatdozent \|Privatdozent (''loosely, "university tutor"'')]] of Old Testament Studies. On 25 September 1908 Gustav Hölscher married Borghild Gjessing (1882–1930), the daughter of a scholarly [[Oslo]] [[Gustav Antonio Gjessing\|school director]] from [[Oslo]]. In due course the marriage would produce two sons.<ref name=GHlautGP/><ref name=GHlautGCM/>		In 1904 he successfully submitted his doctoral dissertation at the [[University of Marburg]]. His [[Habilitation]] from the [[Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg\|University of Halle]] followed just a year later, and opened the way to a lifetime careers in the universities sector. As well as various university appointments, he also took on the editorship of the journal of the German Palestine Society and received a supplementary income for work as a [[Privatdozent \|Privatdozent (''loosely, "university tutor"'')]] of Old Testament Studies. On 25 September 1908 Gustav Hölscher married Borghild Gjessing (1882–1930), the daughter of a scholarly [[Oslo]] [[Gustav Antonio Gjessing\|school director]] from [[Oslo]]. In due course the marriage would produce two sons.<ref name=GHlautGP/><ref name=GHlautGCM/>

	In 1912 Hölscher received his first professorship. During 1912/13 he held the Old Testament professorship at the [[University of Göttingen]], and in 1915 he accepted an extraordinary professorship from the [[University of Halle]] where he had worked as a [[Privatdozent]] since 1905. The faculty at Halle also conferred an honorary doctorate of Theology on him in 1917. In 1920 he accepted a full professorship at the [[University of Gießen]] and then, just a year later, at the nearby [[University of Marburg]]. Then in 1929 he moved to the [[University of Bonn]] where the government asked him to take the lead in setting up a new Theology faculty. As part of his mandate he had a major voice in selecting appointees for newly created teaching chairs, and he was able to recruit for the new faculty three theological scholars who were or subsequently became well-known in academic circles: these were the [[New Testament]] scholar [[Karl Ludwig Schmidt]], the influential philosopher-theologian from [[Basel]], [[Karl Barth]] and the church historian [[:de:Ernst Wolf (Theologe) \|Ernst Wolf]].<ref name=GHlautGP/>		In 1912 Hölscher received his first professorship. During 1912/13 he held the Old Testament professorship at the [[University of Göttingen]], and in 1915 he accepted an extraordinary professorship from the [[University of Halle]] where he had worked as a [[Privatdozent]] since 1905. The faculty at Halle also conferred an honorary doctorate of Theology on him in 1917. In 1920 he accepted a full professorship at the [[University of Gießen]] and then, just a year later, at the nearby [[University of Marburg]]. Then in 1929 he moved to the [[University of Bonn]] where the government asked him to take the lead in setting up a new Theology faculty. As part of his mandate he had a major voice in selecting appointees for newly created teaching chairs, and he was able to recruit for the new faculty three theological scholars who were or subsequently became well-known in academic circles: these were the [[New Testament]] scholar [[Karl Ludwig Schmidt]], the influential philosopher-theologian from [[Basel]], [[Karl Barth]] and the church historian [[:de:Ernst Wolf (Theologe)\|Ernst Wolf]].<ref name=GHlautGP/>

	Borghild Hölscher died in September/October 1930. In 1934 Gustav Hölscher remarried: his second wife, born Gertrud von Meibom (1889-), was the daughter of a district judge. Gustav Hölscher was no great admirer of the [[Nazi Party \|National Socialists]] who [[Machtergreifung\|took power]] in January 1933; and he lost his post at the [[University of Bonn]] in or before 1935. By that time all three of the high-profile professors he had played a part in recruiting to the university Theology faculty had also left.<ref name=GHlautGP/> There followed a hiatus, but eventually, in 1935, he obtained an appointment at [[University of Heidelberg \|Heidelberg University]]. Initially he faced political boycotts, but he nevertheless retained his post at Heidelberg through (and beyond) the remaining [[Nazi Germany \|National Socialist years]].<ref name=GHlautGCM/> In 1936 he became a full member of the [[Heidelberg Academy of Sciences and Humanities]].<ref name=GHlautGP/> [[Aftermath of World War II\|After the war]] he became the first dean of the Heidelberg University Faculty of Theology, remaining in post till his retirement in 1949.<ref name=GHlautGP/>		Borghild Hölscher died in September/October 1930. In 1934 Gustav Hölscher remarried: his second wife, born Gertrud von Meibom (1889-), was the daughter of a district judge. Gustav Hölscher was no great admirer of the [[Nazi Party\|National Socialists]] who [[Machtergreifung\|took power]] in January 1933; and he lost his post at the [[University of Bonn]] in or before 1935. By that time all three of the high-profile professors he had played a part in recruiting to the university Theology faculty had also left.<ref name=GHlautGP/> There followed a hiatus, but eventually, in 1935, he obtained an appointment at [[University of Heidelberg\|Heidelberg University]]. Initially he faced political boycotts, but he nevertheless retained his post at Heidelberg through (and beyond) the remaining [[Nazi Germany\|National Socialist years]].<ref name=GHlautGCM/> In 1936 he became a full member of the [[Heidelberg Academy of Sciences and Humanities]].<ref name=GHlautGP/> [[Aftermath of World War II\|After the war]] he became the first dean of the Heidelberg University Faculty of Theology, remaining in post till his retirement in 1949.<ref name=GHlautGP/>

	Gustav Hölscher died following a short illness in September 1955.<ref name=GHlautGP/>		Gustav Hölscher died following a short illness in September 1955.<ref name=GHlautGP/>
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	==References==		==References==
	{{reflist \|35em}}		{{reflist \|35em}}

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	'''Gustav Hölscher''' (17 June 1877 - 16 September 1955) was a [[Germany \|German]] [[Lutheranism \|Evangelical-Lutheran]] [[theologian]] and a professor of [[Old Testament\|Old Testament Studies]].<ref name=GHlautGP>{{cite web\|url= https://www.ostfriesischelandschaft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/BIBLIOTHEK/BLO/Hoelscher_Gustav.pdf\|title=Gustav Diedrich Hillard Hölscher \|author=Georg Plasger\|publisher=Ostfriesische Landschaft, Aurich\|accessdate=11 February 2019}}</ref><ref name=GHlautGCM>{{cite web\|url= https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/gnd116927461.html#ndbcontent\|author=Georg Christian Macholz\| work=[[Neue Deutsche Biographie]]\| volume=9\|date=1972\| title=Hölscher, Gustav evangelischer Theologe, * 17.6.1877 Norden (Ostfriesland), † 16.9.1955 Heidelberg.\| page=334\| publisher=Historische Kommission bei der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften (HiKo), München \|accessdate=11 February 2019}}</ref>		'''Gustav Hölscher''' (17 June 1877 - 16 September 1955) was a [[Germany \|German]] [[Lutheranism \|Evangelical-Lutheran]] [[theologian]] and a professor of [[Old Testament\|Old Testament Studies]].<ref name=GHlautGP>{{cite web\|url= https://www.ostfriesischelandschaft.de/fileadmin/user_upload/BIBLIOTHEK/BLO/Hoelscher_Gustav.pdf\|title=Gustav Diedrich Hillard Hölscher \|author=Georg Plasger\|publisher=Ostfriesische Landschaft, Aurich\|accessdate=11 February 2019}}</ref><ref name=GHlautGCM>{{cite web\|url= https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/gnd116927461.html#ndbcontent\|author=Georg Christian Macholz\| work=[[Neue Deutsche Biographie]]\| volume=9\|date=1972\| title=Hölscher, Gustav evangelischer Theologe, * 17.6.1877 Norden (Ostfriesland), † 16.9.1955 Heidelberg.\| page=334\| publisher=Historische Kommission bei der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften (HiKo), München \|accessdate=11 February 2019}}</ref>

	==Biography==		==Biography==

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