Hanja - Revision history

Snowman304: /* Personal names */ added Hangul

2024-10-01T05:01:26Z

Personal names: added Hangul

← Previous revision		Revision as of 05:01, 1 October 2024
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	===Personal names===		===Personal names===
	[[Korean name\|Korean personal names]], including all [[List of Korean surnames\|Korean surnames]] and most [[List of Korean given names\|Korean given names]], are based on Hanja and are generally written in it, although some exceptions exist.<ref name="BAS" /> On business cards, the use of Hanja is slowly fading away, with most older people displaying their names exclusively in Hanja while most of the younger generation using both Hangul and Hanja. Korean personal names usually consist of a one-character family name ({{Transliteration\|ko\|seong}}, {{lang\|ko\|성, 姓}}) followed by a two-character given name ({{Transliteration\|ko\|ireum}}, {{lang\|ko\|이름}}). There are a few two-character family names (e.g. {{lang\|ko\|남궁, 南宮}}, Namgung), and the holders of such names—but not only them—tend to have one-syllable given names. Traditionally, the given name in turn consists of one character unique to the individual and one character shared by all people in a family of the same sex and generation (see [[Generation name]]).<ref name="BAS" />		[[Korean name\|Korean personal names]], including all [[List of Korean surnames\|Korean surnames]] and most [[List of Korean given names\|Korean given names]], are based on Hanja and are generally written in it, although some exceptions exist.<ref name="BAS" /> On business cards, the use of Hanja is slowly fading away, with most older people displaying their names exclusively in Hanja while most of the younger generation using both Hangul and Hanja. Korean personal names usually consist of a one-character family name ({{Transliteration\|ko\|seong}}, {{lang\|ko\|성, 姓}}) followed by a two-character given name ({{Transliteration\|ko\|ireum}}, {{lang\|ko\|이름}}). There are a few two-character family names (e.g. {{lang\|ko\|남궁, 南宮}}, {{transl\|ko\|Namgung}}), and the holders of such names—but not only them—tend to have one-syllable given names. Traditionally, the given name in turn consists of one character unique to the individual and one character shared by all people in a family of the same sex and generation (see [[Generation name]]).<ref name="BAS" />

	During the [[Korea under Japanese rule\|Japanese administration]] of Korea (1910–1945), Koreans [[Sōshi-kaimei\|were forced to adopt Japanese-style names]], including [[kun'yomi\|polysyllabic readings]] of the Hanja, but this practice was reversed by post-independence governments in Korea. Since the 1970s, some parents have given their children [[given names]] that are simply native Korean words. Popular ones include ''Haneul''—meaning 'sky'—and ''Iseul''—meaning 'morning dew'. Nevertheless, on official documents, people's names are still recorded in both Hangul and in Hanja.<ref name="BAS" />		During the [[Korea under Japanese rule\|Japanese administration]] of Korea (1910–1945), Koreans [[Sōshi-kaimei\|were forced to adopt Japanese-style names]], including [[kun'yomi\|polysyllabic readings]] of the Hanja, but this practice was reversed by post-independence governments in Korea. Since the 1970s, some parents have given their children [[given names]] that are simply native Korean words. Popular ones include {{transl\|ko\|Haneul}} ({{lang\|ko\|하늘}})—meaning 'sky'—and {{transl\|ko\|Iseul}} ({{lang\|ko\|이슬}})—meaning 'morning dew'. Nevertheless, on official documents, people's names are still recorded in both Hangul and in Hanja.<ref name="BAS" />

	===Toponymy===		===Toponymy===

Remsense: Undid revision 1248635712 by Great Brightstar (talk): weird way to phrase it, and adds nothing to the understanding of the history

2024-09-30T17:00:31Z

Undid revision 1248635712 by Great Brightstar (talk): weird way to phrase it, and adds nothing to the understanding of the history

← Previous revision		Revision as of 17:00, 30 September 2024
Line 70:		Line 70:
	The [[Korean mixed script\|Hangul-Hanja mixed script]] was a commonly used means of writing, and Hangul effectively replaced Hanja in official and scholarly writing only in the 20th century. Hangŭl exclusive writing has been used concurrently in Korea after the decline of literary Chinese. Mixed script could be commonly found in non-fiction writing, news papers, etc., until the enacting of [[Park Chung Hee]]'s 5 Year Plan for Hangŭl Exclusivity<ref>{{Cite web\|last=\|first=\|date= \|title=문자 생활과 한글 \|url=https://www.korean.go.kr/nkview/nklife/1996_2/1996_0205.pdf \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325081213/https://www.korean.go.kr/nkview/nklife/1996_2/1996_0205.pdf \|archive-date=Mar 25, 2023 \|access-date=\|website=}}</ref> {{Transliteration\|ko\|hangŭl jŏnyong ogaenyŏn gyehuik an}} ({{Korean\|hangul=한글전용 5개년 계획안\|hanja=한글專用 5個年計劃案}}) in 1968 banned the use and teaching of Hanja in public schools, as well as forbade its use in the military, with the goal of eliminating Hanja in writing by 1972 through legislative and executive means. However, due to public backlash, in 1972, Park's government allowed for the teaching of Hanja in special classes but maintained a ban on Hanja use in textbooks and other learning materials outside of the classes. This reverse step, however, was optional so the availability of Hanja education was dependent on the school one went to. Park's Hanja ban was not formally lifted until 1992 under the government of [[Kim Young-sam]]. In 1999, the government of [[Kim Dae-jung]] actively promoted Hanja by placing it on signs on the road, at bus stops, and in subways. In 1999, Han Mun was reintroduced as a school elective and in 2001 the Hanja Proficiency Test {{Transliteration\|ko\|hanja nŭngryŏk gŏmjŏng sihŏm}} ({{Korean\|hangul=한자능력검정시험\|hanja=漢字能力檢定試驗}}) was introduced. In 2005, an older law, the Law Concerning Hangul Exclusivity {{Transliteration\|ko\|hangŭl jŏnyonge gwahak pŏmnyul}} ({{Korean\|hangul=한글전용에 관한 법률\|hanja=한글專用에 關한 法律}}) was repealed as well. In 2013 all elementary schools in Seoul started teaching Hanja. However, the result is that Koreans who were educated in this period having never been formally educated in Hanja are unable to use them, and thus the use of Hanja has plummeted in orthography until the modern day. Where Hanja is now very rarely used and is almost only used for abbreviations in newspaper headlines (e.g. {{Lang\|ko\|中}} for China, {{Lang\|ko\|韓}} for Korea, {{Lang\|ko\|美}} for the United States, {{Lang\|ko\|日}} for Japan, etc.), for clarification in text where a word might be confused for another due to homophones (e.g. {{Lang\|ko\|이사장}}({{Lang\|ko\|李社長}}) vs. {{Lang\|ko\|이사장}}({{Lang\|ko\|理事長}})), or for stylistic use such as the {{Lang\|ko\|辛}} ({{Korean\|hangul=신라면\|hanja=辛拉麵}}) used on [[Shin Ramyun\|Shin Ramyŏn]] packaging.		The [[Korean mixed script\|Hangul-Hanja mixed script]] was a commonly used means of writing, and Hangul effectively replaced Hanja in official and scholarly writing only in the 20th century. Hangŭl exclusive writing has been used concurrently in Korea after the decline of literary Chinese. Mixed script could be commonly found in non-fiction writing, news papers, etc., until the enacting of [[Park Chung Hee]]'s 5 Year Plan for Hangŭl Exclusivity<ref>{{Cite web\|last=\|first=\|date= \|title=문자 생활과 한글 \|url=https://www.korean.go.kr/nkview/nklife/1996_2/1996_0205.pdf \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325081213/https://www.korean.go.kr/nkview/nklife/1996_2/1996_0205.pdf \|archive-date=Mar 25, 2023 \|access-date=\|website=}}</ref> {{Transliteration\|ko\|hangŭl jŏnyong ogaenyŏn gyehuik an}} ({{Korean\|hangul=한글전용 5개년 계획안\|hanja=한글專用 5個年計劃案}}) in 1968 banned the use and teaching of Hanja in public schools, as well as forbade its use in the military, with the goal of eliminating Hanja in writing by 1972 through legislative and executive means. However, due to public backlash, in 1972, Park's government allowed for the teaching of Hanja in special classes but maintained a ban on Hanja use in textbooks and other learning materials outside of the classes. This reverse step, however, was optional so the availability of Hanja education was dependent on the school one went to. Park's Hanja ban was not formally lifted until 1992 under the government of [[Kim Young-sam]]. In 1999, the government of [[Kim Dae-jung]] actively promoted Hanja by placing it on signs on the road, at bus stops, and in subways. In 1999, Han Mun was reintroduced as a school elective and in 2001 the Hanja Proficiency Test {{Transliteration\|ko\|hanja nŭngryŏk gŏmjŏng sihŏm}} ({{Korean\|hangul=한자능력검정시험\|hanja=漢字能力檢定試驗}}) was introduced. In 2005, an older law, the Law Concerning Hangul Exclusivity {{Transliteration\|ko\|hangŭl jŏnyonge gwahak pŏmnyul}} ({{Korean\|hangul=한글전용에 관한 법률\|hanja=한글專用에 關한 法律}}) was repealed as well. In 2013 all elementary schools in Seoul started teaching Hanja. However, the result is that Koreans who were educated in this period having never been formally educated in Hanja are unable to use them, and thus the use of Hanja has plummeted in orthography until the modern day. Where Hanja is now very rarely used and is almost only used for abbreviations in newspaper headlines (e.g. {{Lang\|ko\|中}} for China, {{Lang\|ko\|韓}} for Korea, {{Lang\|ko\|美}} for the United States, {{Lang\|ko\|日}} for Japan, etc.), for clarification in text where a word might be confused for another due to homophones (e.g. {{Lang\|ko\|이사장}}({{Lang\|ko\|李社長}}) vs. {{Lang\|ko\|이사장}}({{Lang\|ko\|理事長}})), or for stylistic use such as the {{Lang\|ko\|辛}} ({{Korean\|hangul=신라면\|hanja=辛拉麵}}) used on [[Shin Ramyun\|Shin Ramyŏn]] packaging.

	Since June 1949, Hanja has not officially been used in [[North Korea]] ~~after [[Kim Il Sung]] banned the use of Hanja~~,<ref>{{cite journal \|last=Miyake \|first=Marc Hideo \|title=Review of Asia's Orthographic Dilemma \|journal=Korean Studies \|date=1998 \|volume=22 \|pages=114–121 \|jstor=23719388 \|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/23719388 \|issn=0145-840X}}</ref> in addition, most texts are now commonly written horizontally instead of vertically. Many words borrowed from Chinese have also been replaced in the North with native Korean words, due to the North's policy of [[Linguistic purism in Korean\|linguistic purism]]. Nevertheless, a large number of Chinese-borrowed words are still widely used in the North (although written in Hangul), and Hanja still appear in special contexts, such as recent North Korean [[dictionaries]].<ref>{{cite web \| url= http://www.kcna.co.jp/item/2003/200305/news05/29.htm#6 \| title= New Korean-English Dictionary published \| date= 2003-05-28 \| publisher= [[Korean Central News Agency]] \| url-status= dead \| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20071012114938/http://kcna.co.jp/item/2003/200305/news05/29.htm#6 \| archive-date= 2007-10-12 }}</ref> The replacement has been less total in [[South Korea]] where, although usage has declined over time, some Hanja remain in common usage in some contexts.		Since June 1949, Hanja has not officially been used in [[North Korea]], and, in addition, most texts are now commonly written horizontally instead of vertically. Many words borrowed from Chinese have also been replaced in the North with native Korean words, due to the North's policy of [[Linguistic purism in Korean\|linguistic purism]]. Nevertheless, a large number of Chinese-borrowed words are still widely used in the North (although written in Hangul), and Hanja still appear in special contexts, such as recent North Korean [[dictionaries]].<ref>{{cite web \| url= http://www.kcna.co.jp/item/2003/200305/news05/29.htm#6 \| title= New Korean-English Dictionary published \| date= 2003-05-28 \| publisher= [[Korean Central News Agency]] \| url-status= dead \| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20071012114938/http://kcna.co.jp/item/2003/200305/news05/29.htm#6 \| archive-date= 2007-10-12 }}</ref> The replacement has been less total in [[South Korea]] where, although usage has declined over time, some Hanja remain in common usage in some contexts.

	==Character formation==		==Character formation==

Great Brightstar: /* Decline of Hanja */ Small addition

2024-09-30T16:59:33Z

Decline of Hanja: Small addition

← Previous revision		Revision as of 16:59, 30 September 2024
Line 70:		Line 70:
	The [[Korean mixed script\|Hangul-Hanja mixed script]] was a commonly used means of writing, and Hangul effectively replaced Hanja in official and scholarly writing only in the 20th century. Hangŭl exclusive writing has been used concurrently in Korea after the decline of literary Chinese. Mixed script could be commonly found in non-fiction writing, news papers, etc., until the enacting of [[Park Chung Hee]]'s 5 Year Plan for Hangŭl Exclusivity<ref>{{Cite web\|last=\|first=\|date= \|title=문자 생활과 한글 \|url=https://www.korean.go.kr/nkview/nklife/1996_2/1996_0205.pdf \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325081213/https://www.korean.go.kr/nkview/nklife/1996_2/1996_0205.pdf \|archive-date=Mar 25, 2023 \|access-date=\|website=}}</ref> {{Transliteration\|ko\|hangŭl jŏnyong ogaenyŏn gyehuik an}} ({{Korean\|hangul=한글전용 5개년 계획안\|hanja=한글專用 5個年計劃案}}) in 1968 banned the use and teaching of Hanja in public schools, as well as forbade its use in the military, with the goal of eliminating Hanja in writing by 1972 through legislative and executive means. However, due to public backlash, in 1972, Park's government allowed for the teaching of Hanja in special classes but maintained a ban on Hanja use in textbooks and other learning materials outside of the classes. This reverse step, however, was optional so the availability of Hanja education was dependent on the school one went to. Park's Hanja ban was not formally lifted until 1992 under the government of [[Kim Young-sam]]. In 1999, the government of [[Kim Dae-jung]] actively promoted Hanja by placing it on signs on the road, at bus stops, and in subways. In 1999, Han Mun was reintroduced as a school elective and in 2001 the Hanja Proficiency Test {{Transliteration\|ko\|hanja nŭngryŏk gŏmjŏng sihŏm}} ({{Korean\|hangul=한자능력검정시험\|hanja=漢字能力檢定試驗}}) was introduced. In 2005, an older law, the Law Concerning Hangul Exclusivity {{Transliteration\|ko\|hangŭl jŏnyonge gwahak pŏmnyul}} ({{Korean\|hangul=한글전용에 관한 법률\|hanja=한글專用에 關한 法律}}) was repealed as well. In 2013 all elementary schools in Seoul started teaching Hanja. However, the result is that Koreans who were educated in this period having never been formally educated in Hanja are unable to use them, and thus the use of Hanja has plummeted in orthography until the modern day. Where Hanja is now very rarely used and is almost only used for abbreviations in newspaper headlines (e.g. {{Lang\|ko\|中}} for China, {{Lang\|ko\|韓}} for Korea, {{Lang\|ko\|美}} for the United States, {{Lang\|ko\|日}} for Japan, etc.), for clarification in text where a word might be confused for another due to homophones (e.g. {{Lang\|ko\|이사장}}({{Lang\|ko\|李社長}}) vs. {{Lang\|ko\|이사장}}({{Lang\|ko\|理事長}})), or for stylistic use such as the {{Lang\|ko\|辛}} ({{Korean\|hangul=신라면\|hanja=辛拉麵}}) used on [[Shin Ramyun\|Shin Ramyŏn]] packaging.		The [[Korean mixed script\|Hangul-Hanja mixed script]] was a commonly used means of writing, and Hangul effectively replaced Hanja in official and scholarly writing only in the 20th century. Hangŭl exclusive writing has been used concurrently in Korea after the decline of literary Chinese. Mixed script could be commonly found in non-fiction writing, news papers, etc., until the enacting of [[Park Chung Hee]]'s 5 Year Plan for Hangŭl Exclusivity<ref>{{Cite web\|last=\|first=\|date= \|title=문자 생활과 한글 \|url=https://www.korean.go.kr/nkview/nklife/1996_2/1996_0205.pdf \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325081213/https://www.korean.go.kr/nkview/nklife/1996_2/1996_0205.pdf \|archive-date=Mar 25, 2023 \|access-date=\|website=}}</ref> {{Transliteration\|ko\|hangŭl jŏnyong ogaenyŏn gyehuik an}} ({{Korean\|hangul=한글전용 5개년 계획안\|hanja=한글專用 5個年計劃案}}) in 1968 banned the use and teaching of Hanja in public schools, as well as forbade its use in the military, with the goal of eliminating Hanja in writing by 1972 through legislative and executive means. However, due to public backlash, in 1972, Park's government allowed for the teaching of Hanja in special classes but maintained a ban on Hanja use in textbooks and other learning materials outside of the classes. This reverse step, however, was optional so the availability of Hanja education was dependent on the school one went to. Park's Hanja ban was not formally lifted until 1992 under the government of [[Kim Young-sam]]. In 1999, the government of [[Kim Dae-jung]] actively promoted Hanja by placing it on signs on the road, at bus stops, and in subways. In 1999, Han Mun was reintroduced as a school elective and in 2001 the Hanja Proficiency Test {{Transliteration\|ko\|hanja nŭngryŏk gŏmjŏng sihŏm}} ({{Korean\|hangul=한자능력검정시험\|hanja=漢字能力檢定試驗}}) was introduced. In 2005, an older law, the Law Concerning Hangul Exclusivity {{Transliteration\|ko\|hangŭl jŏnyonge gwahak pŏmnyul}} ({{Korean\|hangul=한글전용에 관한 법률\|hanja=한글專用에 關한 法律}}) was repealed as well. In 2013 all elementary schools in Seoul started teaching Hanja. However, the result is that Koreans who were educated in this period having never been formally educated in Hanja are unable to use them, and thus the use of Hanja has plummeted in orthography until the modern day. Where Hanja is now very rarely used and is almost only used for abbreviations in newspaper headlines (e.g. {{Lang\|ko\|中}} for China, {{Lang\|ko\|韓}} for Korea, {{Lang\|ko\|美}} for the United States, {{Lang\|ko\|日}} for Japan, etc.), for clarification in text where a word might be confused for another due to homophones (e.g. {{Lang\|ko\|이사장}}({{Lang\|ko\|李社長}}) vs. {{Lang\|ko\|이사장}}({{Lang\|ko\|理事長}})), or for stylistic use such as the {{Lang\|ko\|辛}} ({{Korean\|hangul=신라면\|hanja=辛拉麵}}) used on [[Shin Ramyun\|Shin Ramyŏn]] packaging.

	Since June 1949, Hanja has not officially been used in [[North Korea]], ~~and~~, in addition, most texts are now commonly written horizontally instead of vertically. Many words borrowed from Chinese have also been replaced in the North with native Korean words, due to the North's policy of [[Linguistic purism in Korean\|linguistic purism]]. Nevertheless, a large number of Chinese-borrowed words are still widely used in the North (although written in Hangul), and Hanja still appear in special contexts, such as recent North Korean [[dictionaries]].<ref>{{cite web \| url= http://www.kcna.co.jp/item/2003/200305/news05/29.htm#6 \| title= New Korean-English Dictionary published \| date= 2003-05-28 \| publisher= [[Korean Central News Agency]] \| url-status= dead \| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20071012114938/http://kcna.co.jp/item/2003/200305/news05/29.htm#6 \| archive-date= 2007-10-12 }}</ref> The replacement has been less total in [[South Korea]] where, although usage has declined over time, some Hanja remain in common usage in some contexts.		Since June 1949, Hanja has not officially been used in [[North Korea]] after [[Kim Il Sung]] banned the use of Hanja,<ref>{{cite journal \|last=Miyake \|first=Marc Hideo \|title=Review of Asia's Orthographic Dilemma \|journal=Korean Studies \|date=1998 \|volume=22 \|pages=114–121 \|jstor=23719388 \|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/23719388 \|issn=0145-840X}}</ref> in addition, most texts are now commonly written horizontally instead of vertically. Many words borrowed from Chinese have also been replaced in the North with native Korean words, due to the North's policy of [[Linguistic purism in Korean\|linguistic purism]]. Nevertheless, a large number of Chinese-borrowed words are still widely used in the North (although written in Hangul), and Hanja still appear in special contexts, such as recent North Korean [[dictionaries]].<ref>{{cite web \| url= http://www.kcna.co.jp/item/2003/200305/news05/29.htm#6 \| title= New Korean-English Dictionary published \| date= 2003-05-28 \| publisher= [[Korean Central News Agency]] \| url-status= dead \| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20071012114938/http://kcna.co.jp/item/2003/200305/news05/29.htm#6 \| archive-date= 2007-10-12 }}</ref> The replacement has been less total in [[South Korea]] where, although usage has declined over time, some Hanja remain in common usage in some contexts.

	==Character formation==		==Character formation==

FGodard: /* Gukja */ Use internal link to Wiktionary

2024-09-30T13:58:21Z

Gukja: Use internal link to Wiktionary

← Previous revision		Revision as of 13:58, 30 September 2024
Line 159:		Line 159:
	A small number of characters were invented by the Koreans themselves. These characters are called {{transliteration\|ko\|gukja}} ({{lang\|ko\|국자, 國字}}, literally 'national characters'). Most of them are for proper names (place-names and people's names) but some refer to Korean-specific concepts and materials. They include {{lang\|ko\|[[:wikt:畓\|畓]]}} ({{lang\|ko\|답}}; {{transliteration\|ko\|dap}}; 'paddy field'), {{lang\|ko\|[[:wikt:欌\|欌]]}} ({{lang\|ko\|장}}; {{transliteration\|ko\|jang}}, 'wardrobe'), {{lang\|ko\|[[:wikt:乭\|乭]]}} ({{lang\|ko\|돌}}; {{transliteration\|ko\|Dol}}, a character only used in given names), {{lang\|ko\|[[:wikt:㸴\|㸴]]}} ({{lang\|ko\|소}}; {{transliteration\|ko\|So}}, a rare surname from [[Seongju County\|Seongju]]), and {{lang\|ko\|[[:wikt:怾\|怾]]}} ({{lang\|ko\|기}}; {{transliteration\|ko\|Gi}}, an old name referring to [[Mount Kumgang\|Kumgangsan]]).		A small number of characters were invented by the Koreans themselves. These characters are called {{transliteration\|ko\|gukja}} ({{lang\|ko\|국자, 國字}}, literally 'national characters'). Most of them are for proper names (place-names and people's names) but some refer to Korean-specific concepts and materials. They include {{lang\|ko\|[[:wikt:畓\|畓]]}} ({{lang\|ko\|답}}; {{transliteration\|ko\|dap}}; 'paddy field'), {{lang\|ko\|[[:wikt:欌\|欌]]}} ({{lang\|ko\|장}}; {{transliteration\|ko\|jang}}, 'wardrobe'), {{lang\|ko\|[[:wikt:乭\|乭]]}} ({{lang\|ko\|돌}}; {{transliteration\|ko\|Dol}}, a character only used in given names), {{lang\|ko\|[[:wikt:㸴\|㸴]]}} ({{lang\|ko\|소}}; {{transliteration\|ko\|So}}, a rare surname from [[Seongju County\|Seongju]]), and {{lang\|ko\|[[:wikt:怾\|怾]]}} ({{lang\|ko\|기}}; {{transliteration\|ko\|Gi}}, an old name referring to [[Mount Kumgang\|Kumgangsan]]).

	Further examples include {{lang\|ko\|巭}} ({{lang\|ko\|부}} {{transliteration\|ko\|bu}}), {{lang\|ko\|頉}} ({{lang\|ko\|탈}} {{transliteration\|ko\|tal}}), {{lang\|ko\|䭏}} ({{lang\|ko\|편}} {{transliteration\|ko\|pyeon}}), {{lang\|ko\|哛}} ({{lang\|ko\|뿐}} {{transliteration\|ko\|ppun}}), and {{lang\|ko\|椧}} ({{lang\|ko\|명}} {{transliteration\|ko\|myeong}}). See [~~https~~:~~//en.wiktionary.org/wiki/~~Category:Korean-only_CJKV_Characters Korean gukja characters at Wiktionary] for more examples.		Further examples include {{lang\|ko\|巭}} ({{lang\|ko\|부}} {{transliteration\|ko\|bu}}), {{lang\|ko\|頉}} ({{lang\|ko\|탈}} {{transliteration\|ko\|tal}}), {{lang\|ko\|䭏}} ({{lang\|ko\|편}} {{transliteration\|ko\|pyeon}}), {{lang\|ko\|哛}} ({{lang\|ko\|뿐}} {{transliteration\|ko\|ppun}}), and {{lang\|ko\|椧}} ({{lang\|ko\|명}} {{transliteration\|ko\|myeong}}). See [[:wikt:Category:Korean-only_CJKV_Characters\|Korean gukja characters at Wiktionary]] for more examples.

	Compare to the parallel development in Japan of {{Nihongo\|\|国字\|[[kokuji]]}}, of which there are hundreds, many rarely used. These were often developed for native Japanese plants and animals.		Compare to the parallel development in Japan of {{Nihongo\|\|国字\|[[kokuji]]}}, of which there are hundreds, many rarely used. These were often developed for native Japanese plants and animals.

GuardianH: ce

2024-09-19T16:41:43Z

← Previous revision		Revision as of 16:41, 19 September 2024
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	{{Infobox writing system		{{Infobox writing system
	\| name = Hanja		\| name = Hanja
			\| sample = Hanja.svg
	\| type = Logographic		\| type = Logographic
	\| languages = [[Korean language\|Korean]], [[Classical Chinese]]		\| languages = [[Korean language\|Korean]], [[Classical Chinese]]
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	}}		}}
	{{Infobox Korean name		{{Infobox Korean name
	\| img = ~~Hanja.svg~~		\| img =
	\| width = 120px		\| width = 120px
	\| hangul = 한자		\| hangul = 한자

Remsense: Undid revision 1244574178 by JackonLee54 (talk) WP:ELNO

2024-09-07T22:08:28Z

Undid revision 1244574178 by JackonLee54 (talk) WP:ELNO

← Previous revision		Revision as of 22:08, 7 September 2024
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	* [[Revised Romanization of Korean]]		* [[Revised Romanization of Korean]]
	* [[Yale romanization of Korean]]		* [[Yale romanization of Korean]]
	* [https://transliterationtools.blogspot.com/2024/09/korean-hangul-to-hanja-convertor.html Hangul to Hanja Conversion Tool]

	==References==		==References==

JackonLee54: /* See also */

2024-09-07T22:07:48Z

172.56.232.169: you don't need the wikt:computer link in the computer article

2024-09-07T07:26:32Z

you don't need the wikt:computer link in the computer article

← Previous revision		Revision as of 07:26, 7 September 2024
Line 19:		Line 19:
	\| img = Hanja.svg		\| img = Hanja.svg
	\| width = 120px		\| width = 120px
	\| hangul = ~~{{linktext\|~~한자}}		\| hangul = 한자
	\| hanja = ~~{{lang\|ko\|{{linktext\|~~漢字~~}}}}~~		\| hanja = 漢字
	\| rr = Hanja		\| rr = Hanja
	\| mr = Hancha<!-- 한자 is actually pronounced [한짜]. So the MR spelling is "Hancha", not "Hanja". -->		\| mr = Hancha<!-- 한자 is actually pronounced [한짜]. So the MR spelling is "Hancha", not "Hanja". -->

218.158.10.163: the term 한글 does not have hanja. someone has been adding the nonsensical hanja spelling 韓㐎 everywhere

2024-08-21T05:47:24Z

the term 한글 does not have hanja. someone has been adding the nonsensical hanja spelling 韓㐎 everywhere

← Previous revision		Revision as of 05:47, 21 August 2024
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	{{Short description\|Chinese characters used in Korean writing}}		{{Short description\|Chinese characters used in Korean writing}}
	{{Use dmy dates\|date=January 2020}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=January 2020}}
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	=== Decline of Hanja ===		=== Decline of Hanja ===
	The [[Korean mixed script\|Hangul-Hanja mixed script]] was a commonly used means of writing, and Hangul effectively replaced Hanja in official and scholarly writing only in the 20th century. Hangŭl exclusive writing has been used concurrently in Korea after the decline of literary Chinese. Mixed script could be commonly found in non-fiction writing, news papers, etc., until the enacting of [[Park Chung Hee]]'s 5 Year Plan for Hangŭl Exclusivity<ref>{{Cite web\|last=\|first=\|date= \|title=문자 생활과 한글 \|url=https://www.korean.go.kr/nkview/nklife/1996_2/1996_0205.pdf \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325081213/https://www.korean.go.kr/nkview/nklife/1996_2/1996_0205.pdf \|archive-date=Mar 25, 2023 \|access-date=\|website=}}</ref> {{Transliteration\|ko\|hangŭl jŏnyong ogaenyŏn gyehuik an}} ({{Korean\|hangul=한글전용 5개년 계획안\|hanja=韓㐎專用 5個年計劃案}}) in 1968 banned the use and teaching of Hanja in public schools, as well as forbade its use in the military, with the goal of eliminating Hanja in writing by 1972 through legislative and executive means. However, due to public backlash, in 1972, Park's government allowed for the teaching of Hanja in special classes but maintained a ban on Hanja use in textbooks and other learning materials outside of the classes. This reverse step, however, was optional so the availability of Hanja education was dependent on the school one went to. Park's Hanja ban was not formally lifted until 1992 under the government of [[Kim Young-sam]]. In 1999, the government of [[Kim Dae-jung]] actively promoted Hanja by placing it on signs on the road, at bus stops, and in subways. In 1999, Han Mun was reintroduced as a school elective and in 2001 the Hanja Proficiency Test {{Transliteration\|ko\|hanja nŭngryŏk gŏmjŏng sihŏm}} ({{Korean\|hangul=한자능력검정시험\|hanja=漢字能力檢定試驗}}) was introduced. In 2005, an older law, the Law Concerning Hangul Exclusivity {{Transliteration\|ko\|hangŭl jŏnyonge gwahak pŏmnyul}} ({{Korean\|hangul=한글전용에 관한 법률\|hanja=韓㐎專用에 關한 法律}}) was repealed as well. In 2013 all elementary schools in Seoul started teaching Hanja. However, the result is that Koreans who were educated in this period having never been formally educated in Hanja are unable to use them, and thus the use of Hanja has plummeted in orthography until the modern day. Where Hanja is now very rarely used and is almost only used for abbreviations in newspaper headlines (e.g. {{Lang\|ko\|中}} for China, {{Lang\|ko\|韓}} for Korea, {{Lang\|ko\|美}} for the United States, {{Lang\|ko\|日}} for Japan, etc.), for clarification in text where a word might be confused for another due to homophones (e.g. {{Lang\|ko\|이사장}}({{Lang\|ko\|李社長}}) vs. {{Lang\|ko\|이사장}}({{Lang\|ko\|理事長}})), or for stylistic use such as the {{Lang\|ko\|辛}} ({{Korean\|hangul=신라면\|hanja=辛拉麵}}) used on [[Shin Ramyun\|Shin Ramyŏn]] packaging.		The [[Korean mixed script\|Hangul-Hanja mixed script]] was a commonly used means of writing, and Hangul effectively replaced Hanja in official and scholarly writing only in the 20th century. Hangŭl exclusive writing has been used concurrently in Korea after the decline of literary Chinese. Mixed script could be commonly found in non-fiction writing, news papers, etc., until the enacting of [[Park Chung Hee]]'s 5 Year Plan for Hangŭl Exclusivity<ref>{{Cite web\|last=\|first=\|date= \|title=문자 생활과 한글 \|url=https://www.korean.go.kr/nkview/nklife/1996_2/1996_0205.pdf \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325081213/https://www.korean.go.kr/nkview/nklife/1996_2/1996_0205.pdf \|archive-date=Mar 25, 2023 \|access-date=\|website=}}</ref> {{Transliteration\|ko\|hangŭl jŏnyong ogaenyŏn gyehuik an}} ({{Korean\|hangul=한글전용 5개년 계획안\|hanja=한글專用 5個年計劃案}}) in 1968 banned the use and teaching of Hanja in public schools, as well as forbade its use in the military, with the goal of eliminating Hanja in writing by 1972 through legislative and executive means. However, due to public backlash, in 1972, Park's government allowed for the teaching of Hanja in special classes but maintained a ban on Hanja use in textbooks and other learning materials outside of the classes. This reverse step, however, was optional so the availability of Hanja education was dependent on the school one went to. Park's Hanja ban was not formally lifted until 1992 under the government of [[Kim Young-sam]]. In 1999, the government of [[Kim Dae-jung]] actively promoted Hanja by placing it on signs on the road, at bus stops, and in subways. In 1999, Han Mun was reintroduced as a school elective and in 2001 the Hanja Proficiency Test {{Transliteration\|ko\|hanja nŭngryŏk gŏmjŏng sihŏm}} ({{Korean\|hangul=한자능력검정시험\|hanja=漢字能力檢定試驗}}) was introduced. In 2005, an older law, the Law Concerning Hangul Exclusivity {{Transliteration\|ko\|hangŭl jŏnyonge gwahak pŏmnyul}} ({{Korean\|hangul=한글전용에 관한 법률\|hanja=한글專用에 關한 法律}}) was repealed as well. In 2013 all elementary schools in Seoul started teaching Hanja. However, the result is that Koreans who were educated in this period having never been formally educated in Hanja are unable to use them, and thus the use of Hanja has plummeted in orthography until the modern day. Where Hanja is now very rarely used and is almost only used for abbreviations in newspaper headlines (e.g. {{Lang\|ko\|中}} for China, {{Lang\|ko\|韓}} for Korea, {{Lang\|ko\|美}} for the United States, {{Lang\|ko\|日}} for Japan, etc.), for clarification in text where a word might be confused for another due to homophones (e.g. {{Lang\|ko\|이사장}}({{Lang\|ko\|李社長}}) vs. {{Lang\|ko\|이사장}}({{Lang\|ko\|理事長}})), or for stylistic use such as the {{Lang\|ko\|辛}} ({{Korean\|hangul=신라면\|hanja=辛拉麵}}) used on [[Shin Ramyun\|Shin Ramyŏn]] packaging.

	Since June 1949, Hanja has not officially been used in [[North Korea]], and, in addition, most texts are now commonly written horizontally instead of vertically. Many words borrowed from Chinese have also been replaced in the North with native Korean words, due to the North's policy of [[Linguistic purism in Korean\|linguistic purism]]. Nevertheless, a large number of Chinese-borrowed words are still widely used in the North (although written in Hangul), and Hanja still appear in special contexts, such as recent North Korean [[dictionaries]].<ref>{{cite web \| url= http://www.kcna.co.jp/item/2003/200305/news05/29.htm#6 \| title= New Korean-English Dictionary published \| date= 2003-05-28 \| publisher= [[Korean Central News Agency]] \| url-status= dead \| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20071012114938/http://kcna.co.jp/item/2003/200305/news05/29.htm#6 \| archive-date= 2007-10-12 }}</ref> The replacement has been less total in [[South Korea]] where, although usage has declined over time, some Hanja remain in common usage in some contexts.		Since June 1949, Hanja has not officially been used in [[North Korea]], and, in addition, most texts are now commonly written horizontally instead of vertically. Many words borrowed from Chinese have also been replaced in the North with native Korean words, due to the North's policy of [[Linguistic purism in Korean\|linguistic purism]]. Nevertheless, a large number of Chinese-borrowed words are still widely used in the North (although written in Hangul), and Hanja still appear in special contexts, such as recent North Korean [[dictionaries]].<ref>{{cite web \| url= http://www.kcna.co.jp/item/2003/200305/news05/29.htm#6 \| title= New Korean-English Dictionary published \| date= 2003-05-28 \| publisher= [[Korean Central News Agency]] \| url-status= dead \| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20071012114938/http://kcna.co.jp/item/2003/200305/news05/29.htm#6 \| archive-date= 2007-10-12 }}</ref> The replacement has been less total in [[South Korea]] where, although usage has declined over time, some Hanja remain in common usage in some contexts.

2603:6081:4400:C6FF:3122:860C:94A9:CA11: Updated short description

2024-08-19T21:34:54Z

Updated short description

← Previous revision		Revision as of 21:34, 19 August 2024
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	{{Short description\|~~Korean language~~ characters of ~~Chinese~~ ~~origin~~}}		{{Short description\|Chinese characters used in Korean writing}}
	{{Use dmy dates\|date=January 2020}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=January 2020}}

← Previous revision		Revision as of 13:58, 30 September 2024
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	A small number of characters were invented by the Koreans themselves. These characters are called {{transliteration\|ko\|gukja}} ({{lang\|ko\|국자, 國字}}, literally 'national characters'). Most of them are for proper names (place-names and people's names) but some refer to Korean-specific concepts and materials. They include {{lang\|ko\|[[:wikt:畓\|畓]]}} ({{lang\|ko\|답}}; {{transliteration\|ko\|dap}}; 'paddy field'), {{lang\|ko\|[[:wikt:欌\|欌]]}} ({{lang\|ko\|장}}; {{transliteration\|ko\|jang}}, 'wardrobe'), {{lang\|ko\|[[:wikt:乭\|乭]]}} ({{lang\|ko\|돌}}; {{transliteration\|ko\|Dol}}, a character only used in given names), {{lang\|ko\|[[:wikt:㸴\|㸴]]}} ({{lang\|ko\|소}}; {{transliteration\|ko\|So}}, a rare surname from [[Seongju County\|Seongju]]), and {{lang\|ko\|[[:wikt:怾\|怾]]}} ({{lang\|ko\|기}}; {{transliteration\|ko\|Gi}}, an old name referring to [[Mount Kumgang\|Kumgangsan]]).		A small number of characters were invented by the Koreans themselves. These characters are called {{transliteration\|ko\|gukja}} ({{lang\|ko\|국자, 國字}}, literally 'national characters'). Most of them are for proper names (place-names and people's names) but some refer to Korean-specific concepts and materials. They include {{lang\|ko\|[[:wikt:畓\|畓]]}} ({{lang\|ko\|답}}; {{transliteration\|ko\|dap}}; 'paddy field'), {{lang\|ko\|[[:wikt:欌\|欌]]}} ({{lang\|ko\|장}}; {{transliteration\|ko\|jang}}, 'wardrobe'), {{lang\|ko\|[[:wikt:乭\|乭]]}} ({{lang\|ko\|돌}}; {{transliteration\|ko\|Dol}}, a character only used in given names), {{lang\|ko\|[[:wikt:㸴\|㸴]]}} ({{lang\|ko\|소}}; {{transliteration\|ko\|So}}, a rare surname from [[Seongju County\|Seongju]]), and {{lang\|ko\|[[:wikt:怾\|怾]]}} ({{lang\|ko\|기}}; {{transliteration\|ko\|Gi}}, an old name referring to [[Mount Kumgang\|Kumgangsan]]).

	Further examples include {{lang\|ko\|巭}} ({{lang\|ko\|부}} {{transliteration\|ko\|bu}}), {{lang\|ko\|頉}} ({{lang\|ko\|탈}} {{transliteration\|ko\|tal}}), {{lang\|ko\|䭏}} ({{lang\|ko\|편}} {{transliteration\|ko\|pyeon}}), {{lang\|ko\|哛}} ({{lang\|ko\|뿐}} {{transliteration\|ko\|ppun}}), and {{lang\|ko\|椧}} ({{lang\|ko\|명}} {{transliteration\|ko\|myeong}}). See [~~https~~:~~//en.wiktionary.org/wiki/~~Category:Korean-only_CJKV_Characters Korean gukja characters at Wiktionary] for more examples.		Further examples include {{lang\|ko\|巭}} ({{lang\|ko\|부}} {{transliteration\|ko\|bu}}), {{lang\|ko\|頉}} ({{lang\|ko\|탈}} {{transliteration\|ko\|tal}}), {{lang\|ko\|䭏}} ({{lang\|ko\|편}} {{transliteration\|ko\|pyeon}}), {{lang\|ko\|哛}} ({{lang\|ko\|뿐}} {{transliteration\|ko\|ppun}}), and {{lang\|ko\|椧}} ({{lang\|ko\|명}} {{transliteration\|ko\|myeong}}). See [[:wikt:Category:Korean-only_CJKV_Characters\|Korean gukja characters at Wiktionary]] for more examples.

	Compare to the parallel development in Japan of {{Nihongo\|\|国字\|[[kokuji]]}}, of which there are hundreds, many rarely used. These were often developed for native Japanese plants and animals.		Compare to the parallel development in Japan of {{Nihongo\|\|国字\|[[kokuji]]}}, of which there are hundreds, many rarely used. These were often developed for native Japanese plants and animals.

← Previous revision		Revision as of 22:07, 7 September 2024
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	* [[Revised Romanization of Korean]]		* [[Revised Romanization of Korean]]
	* [[Yale romanization of Korean]]		* [[Yale romanization of Korean]]
			* [https://transliterationtools.blogspot.com/2024/09/korean-hangul-to-hanja-convertor.html Hangul to Hanja Conversion Tool]

	==References==		==References==