Helmand Province - Revision history

2600:8804:675D:7A00:7D81:9352:5735:70D4: /* Achaemenid times */

2024-12-28T08:01:38Z

Achaemenid times

← Previous revision		Revision as of 08:01, 28 December 2024
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	The Helmand river valley is mentioned by name in the [[Avesta]] (Fargard 1:13) as ''Haetumant'', one of the early centers or origins of the [[Zoroastrian]] faith, in [[pre-Islamic Afghan history]]. However, owing to the presence of non-Zoroastrians even though Zoroastrians being dominant before the [[Islamization]] of Afghanistan – particularly Buddhist.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.avesta.org/vendidad/vd1sbe.htm\|title=AVESTA: VENDIDAD (English): Fargard 1.\|work=avesta.org\|access-date=2009-07-09\|archive-date=2017-10-15\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171015042733/http://www.avesta.org/vendidad/vd1sbe.htm\|url-status=live}}</ref>		The Helmand river valley is mentioned by name in the [[Avesta]] (Fargard 1:13) as ''Haetumant'', one of the early centers or origins of the [[Zoroastrian]] faith, in [[pre-Islamic Afghan history]]. However, owing to the presence of non-Zoroastrians even though Zoroastrians being dominant before the [[Islamization]] of Afghanistan – particularly Buddhist.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.avesta.org/vendidad/vd1sbe.htm\|title=AVESTA: VENDIDAD (English): Fargard 1.\|work=avesta.org\|access-date=2009-07-09\|archive-date=2017-10-15\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171015042733/http://www.avesta.org/vendidad/vd1sbe.htm\|url-status=live}}</ref>

	Some Vedic scholars (e.g. Kochhar 1999) also believe the Helmand river corresponds to the [[Sarasvati River\|Sarasvati]] river mentioned in the ''[[Rig Veda]]'' as the homeland of the [[Indo-Aryan migration\|Aryan tribes before migrating]] into the [[Indian Subcontinent]], ca. 1500 ~~BCE~~.<ref>Kochhar, Rajesh, 'On the identity and chronology of the Ṛgvedic river Sarasvatī' in Archaeology and Language III; Artefacts, languages and texts, [[Routledge]] (1999), {{ISBN\|0-415-10054-2}}.</ref>		Some Vedic scholars (e.g. Kochhar 1999) also believe the Helmand river corresponds to the [[Sarasvati River\|Sarasvati]] river mentioned in the ''[[Rig Veda]]'' as the homeland of the [[Indo-Aryan migration\|Aryan tribes before migrating]] into the [[Indian Subcontinent]], ca. 1500 BC.<ref>Kochhar, Rajesh, 'On the identity and chronology of the Ṛgvedic river Sarasvatī' in Archaeology and Language III; Artefacts, languages and texts, [[Routledge]] (1999), {{ISBN\|0-415-10054-2}}.</ref>

	===Alexander the Great to modern times===		===Alexander the Great to modern times===

BunnysBot: Fix CW Errors with GenFixes (T1)

2024-12-27T11:31:21Z

Fix CW Errors with GenFixes (T1)

← Previous revision		Revision as of 11:31, 27 December 2024
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	According to Jarrige et al.,		According to Jarrige et al.,

	{{~~bquote~~\|... the pottery of Mundigak I, the earliest occupation of the [[Helmand culture\|complex]], corresponds to the [[Mehrgarh]] III pottery, in technique — the quality of the paste and manufacture — as well as in the shapes and decoration, probably within a phase dated to the end of the 5th millennium [BC]."<ref>Jarrige, J.-F., Didier, A. & Quivron, G. (2011) [https://www.academia.edu/4602453 Shahr-i Sokhta and the Chronology of the Indo-Iranian Borderlands.] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220328043406/https://www.academia.edu/4602453 \|date=2022-03-28 }} Paléorient 37 (2) : 7-34 academia.edu</ref>}}		{{blockquote\|... the pottery of Mundigak I, the earliest occupation of the [[Helmand culture\|complex]], corresponds to the [[Mehrgarh]] III pottery, in technique — the quality of the paste and manufacture — as well as in the shapes and decoration, probably within a phase dated to the end of the 5th millennium [BC]."<ref>Jarrige, J.-F., Didier, A. & Quivron, G. (2011) [https://www.academia.edu/4602453 Shahr-i Sokhta and the Chronology of the Indo-Iranian Borderlands.] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220328043406/https://www.academia.edu/4602453 \|date=2022-03-28 }} Paléorient 37 (2) : 7-34 academia.edu</ref>}}

	There were also links between Shahr-i Sokhta I, II, and III periods, and Mundigak III and IV periods, and between the sites of [[Balochistan]] and the Indus valley at the end of the 4th millennium, as well as in the first half of the 3rd millennium BC.		There were also links between Shahr-i Sokhta I, II, and III periods, and Mundigak III and IV periods, and between the sites of [[Balochistan]] and the Indus valley at the end of the 4th millennium, as well as in the first half of the 3rd millennium BC.
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	\|[[Washir District\|Washir]] \|\| \|\| 28,945 \|\| 4,647 \|\| 6 \|\| 100% Pashtun.<ref>{{Cite web \|title=UNHCR Field Office Kandahar DISTRICT PROFILE 31/12/2002 Province: Helmand, District: Washar \|url=http://www.aims.org.af:80/afg/dist_profiles/unhcr_district_profiles/southern/helmand/D_Washar.pdf \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051027183130/http://www.aims.org.af:80/afg/dist_profiles/unhcr_district_profiles/southern/helmand/D_Washar.pdf \|archive-date=2005-10-27 \|accessdate=22 July 2023}}</ref>		\|[[Washir District\|Washir]] \|\| \|\| 28,945 \|\| 4,647 \|\| 6 \|\| 100% Pashtun.<ref>{{Cite web \|title=UNHCR Field Office Kandahar DISTRICT PROFILE 31/12/2002 Province: Helmand, District: Washar \|url=http://www.aims.org.af:80/afg/dist_profiles/unhcr_district_profiles/southern/helmand/D_Washar.pdf \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051027183130/http://www.aims.org.af:80/afg/dist_profiles/unhcr_district_profiles/southern/helmand/D_Washar.pdf \|archive-date=2005-10-27 \|accessdate=22 July 2023}}</ref>
	\|- bgcolor="#d3d3d3"		\|- bgcolor="#d3d3d3"
	\|'''[[Helmand ~~Province\|Helmand]]~~'''		\|'''Helmand'''
	\|		\|
	\|'''1,446,230'''		\|'''1,446,230'''
	\| '''58,305'''		\| '''58,305'''
	\|'''25'''		\|'''25'''
	\|88.1% [[Pashtuns]], 5.4% [[Baloch people\|Balochi]], 3.9% [[Hazaras]], 0.9% [[Hinduism in Afghanistan\|Hindus]], 0.9% [[Uzbeks]], 0.8% [[Farsiwan~~\|Farsiwans~~]] ([[Tajiks]]), <0.1% [[Sikhism in Afghanistan\|Sikhs]].{{refn\|group=note\|Note: "Predominantely" or "dominated" is interpreted as 99%, "majority" as 70%, "mixed" as 1/(number of ethnicities), "minority" as 30% and "few" or "some" as 1%.}}		\|88.1% [[Pashtuns]], 5.4% [[Baloch people\|Balochi]], 3.9% [[Hazaras]], 0.9% [[Hinduism in Afghanistan\|Hindus]], 0.9% [[Uzbeks]], 0.8% [[Farsiwan]]s ([[Tajiks]]), <0.1% [[Sikhism in Afghanistan\|Sikhs]].{{refn\|group=note\|Note: "Predominantely" or "dominated" is interpreted as 99%, "majority" as 70%, "mixed" as 1/(number of ethnicities), "minority" as 30% and "few" or "some" as 1%.}}
	\|}		\|}
	{{reflist\|group=note}}		{{reflist\|group=note}}

PxBx: /* Politicians */Reverting an edit that was made without a citation by a user with the same name as the person highlighted in the edit

2024-12-09T16:36:47Z

Politicians: Reverting an edit that was made without a citation by a user with the same name as the person highlighted in the edit

← Previous revision		Revision as of 16:36, 9 December 2024
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	{{reflist\|group=note}}		{{reflist\|group=note}}

			==Politicians==
	==Famous Activist of Helmand==
			*[[Mohammad Daoud (governor)\|Mohammad Daoud]]
	*Abdul Waheed Farotan

	==See also==		==See also==

PxBx: /* Economy */

2024-12-09T16:29:22Z

Economy

← Previous revision		Revision as of 16:29, 9 December 2024
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	==Economy==		==Economy==
	{{Further\|Economy of Afghanistan}}		{{Further\|Economy of Afghanistan}}
	Farming is the main source of income for the majority. This includes agriculture and animal husbandry. Animals include cows, sheep, goats, and chicken. Donkeys and [[camel]]s are used for labor. The province has a potential for fishery. The region ~~produce~~ the following: [[opium]], tobacco, cotton, wheat and potato.{{citation needed\|date=April 2019}}		Farming is the main source of income for the majority. This includes agriculture and animal husbandry. Animals include cows, sheep, goats, and chicken. Donkeys and [[camel]]s are used for labor. The province has a potential for fishery. The region produces the following: [[opium]], tobacco, cotton, wheat and potato.{{citation needed\|date=April 2019}}

	==Healthcare==		==Healthcare==

HeftyEX at 15:53, 7 November 2024

2024-11-07T15:53:08Z

← Previous revision		Revision as of 15:53, 7 November 2024
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	\|[[Nawzad District\|Nawzad]] \|\| \|\| 97,824 \|\| 5,318 \|\| 18 \|\| 100% Pashtun.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://www.aims.org.af:80/afg/dist_profiles/unhcr_district_profiles/southern/helmand/naw_zad.pdf\|title=\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051027182129/http://www.aims.org.af:80/afg/dist_profiles/unhcr_district_profiles/southern/helmand/naw_zad.pdf \|accessdate=22 July 2023\|archive-date=2005-10-27 }}</ref>		\|[[Nawzad District\|Nawzad]] \|\| \|\| 97,824 \|\| 5,318 \|\| 18 \|\| 100% Pashtun.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://www.aims.org.af:80/afg/dist_profiles/unhcr_district_profiles/southern/helmand/naw_zad.pdf\|title=\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051027182129/http://www.aims.org.af:80/afg/dist_profiles/unhcr_district_profiles/southern/helmand/naw_zad.pdf \|accessdate=22 July 2023\|archive-date=2005-10-27 }}</ref>
	\|-		\|-
	\|[[Sangin District\|Sangin]] \|\| [[Sangin]] \|\| 77,353 \|\| 516 \|\| 150 \|\| 100% Pashtun.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://www.aims.org.af:80/afg/dist_profiles/unhcr_district_profiles/southern/helmand/sangin.pdf~~\|title=~~\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051027180715/http://www.aims.org.af:80/afg/dist_profiles/unhcr_district_profiles/southern/helmand/sangin.pdf ~~\|accessdate=22 July 2023~~\|archive-date=2005-10-27 }}</ref>		\|[[Sangin District\|Sangin]] \|\| [[Sangin]] \|\| 77,353 \|\| 516 \|\| 150 \|\| 100% Pashtun.<ref>{{Cite web \|title=UNHCR Sub-Office Kandahar DISTRICT PROFILE 01/12/2002 Province: Helmand, District: Sangin \|url=http://www.aims.org.af:80/afg/dist_profiles/unhcr_district_profiles/southern/helmand/sangin.pdf \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051027180715/http://www.aims.org.af:80/afg/dist_profiles/unhcr_district_profiles/southern/helmand/sangin.pdf \|archive-date=2005-10-27 \|accessdate=22 July 2023}}</ref>
	\|-		\|-
	\|[[Washir District\|Washir]] \|\| \|\| 28,945 \|\| 4,647 \|\| 6 \|\| 100% Pashtun.<ref>{{Cite web \|title=UNHCR Field Office Kandahar DISTRICT PROFILE 31/12/2002 Province: Helmand, District: Washar \|url=http://www.aims.org.af:80/afg/dist_profiles/unhcr_district_profiles/southern/helmand/D_Washar.pdf \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051027183130/http://www.aims.org.af:80/afg/dist_profiles/unhcr_district_profiles/southern/helmand/D_Washar.pdf \|archive-date=2005-10-27 \|accessdate=22 July 2023}}</ref>		\|[[Washir District\|Washir]] \|\| \|\| 28,945 \|\| 4,647 \|\| 6 \|\| 100% Pashtun.<ref>{{Cite web \|title=UNHCR Field Office Kandahar DISTRICT PROFILE 31/12/2002 Province: Helmand, District: Washar \|url=http://www.aims.org.af:80/afg/dist_profiles/unhcr_district_profiles/southern/helmand/D_Washar.pdf \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051027183130/http://www.aims.org.af:80/afg/dist_profiles/unhcr_district_profiles/southern/helmand/D_Washar.pdf \|archive-date=2005-10-27 \|accessdate=22 July 2023}}</ref>

HeftyEX at 15:52, 7 November 2024

2024-11-07T15:52:02Z

← Previous revision		Revision as of 15:52, 7 November 2024
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	\|[[Sangin District\|Sangin]] \|\| [[Sangin]] \|\| 77,353 \|\| 516 \|\| 150 \|\| 100% Pashtun.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://www.aims.org.af:80/afg/dist_profiles/unhcr_district_profiles/southern/helmand/sangin.pdf\|title=\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051027180715/http://www.aims.org.af:80/afg/dist_profiles/unhcr_district_profiles/southern/helmand/sangin.pdf \|accessdate=22 July 2023\|archive-date=2005-10-27 }}</ref>		\|[[Sangin District\|Sangin]] \|\| [[Sangin]] \|\| 77,353 \|\| 516 \|\| 150 \|\| 100% Pashtun.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://www.aims.org.af:80/afg/dist_profiles/unhcr_district_profiles/southern/helmand/sangin.pdf\|title=\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051027180715/http://www.aims.org.af:80/afg/dist_profiles/unhcr_district_profiles/southern/helmand/sangin.pdf \|accessdate=22 July 2023\|archive-date=2005-10-27 }}</ref>
	\|-		\|-
	\|[[Washir District\|Washir]] \|\| \|\| 28,945 \|\| 4,647 \|\| 6 \|\| 100% Pashtun.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://www.aims.org.af:80/afg/dist_profiles/unhcr_district_profiles/southern/helmand/D_Washar.pdf~~\|title=~~\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051027183130/http://www.aims.org.af:80/afg/dist_profiles/unhcr_district_profiles/southern/helmand/D_Washar.pdf ~~\|accessdate=22 July 2023~~\|archive-date=2005-10-27 }}</ref>		\|[[Washir District\|Washir]] \|\| \|\| 28,945 \|\| 4,647 \|\| 6 \|\| 100% Pashtun.<ref>{{Cite web \|title=UNHCR Field Office Kandahar DISTRICT PROFILE 31/12/2002 Province: Helmand, District: Washar \|url=http://www.aims.org.af:80/afg/dist_profiles/unhcr_district_profiles/southern/helmand/D_Washar.pdf \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051027183130/http://www.aims.org.af:80/afg/dist_profiles/unhcr_district_profiles/southern/helmand/D_Washar.pdf \|archive-date=2005-10-27 \|accessdate=22 July 2023}}</ref>
	\|- bgcolor="#d3d3d3"		\|- bgcolor="#d3d3d3"
	\|'''[[Helmand Province\|Helmand]]'''		\|'''[[Helmand Province\|Helmand]]'''

VikluKorder at 14:02, 28 October 2024

2024-10-28T14:02:54Z

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	!Number of villages and ethnic groups		!Number of villages and ethnic groups
	\|-		\|-
	\|[[Baghran District\|Baghran]] \|\| \|\| 129,745 \|\| 3,858 \|\| 34 \|\|38 villages. 90% Pashtun, 10% Hazara.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://www.aims.org.af:80/afg/dist_profiles/unhcr_district_profiles/southern/helmand/baghran.pdf~~\|title=~~\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051027182037/http://www.aims.org.af:80/afg/dist_profiles/unhcr_district_profiles/southern/helmand/baghran.pdf ~~\|accessdate=22 July 2023~~\|archive-date=2005-10-27 }}</ref>		\|[[Baghran District\|Baghran]] \|\| \|\| 129,745 \|\| 3,858 \|\| 34 \|\|38 villages. 90% Pashtun, 10% Hazara.<ref>{{Cite web \|title=UNHCR Field Office Kandahar District Profile Baghran \|url=http://www.aims.org.af:80/afg/dist_profiles/unhcr_district_profiles/southern/helmand/baghran.pdf \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051027182037/http://www.aims.org.af:80/afg/dist_profiles/unhcr_district_profiles/southern/helmand/baghran.pdf \|archive-date=2005-10-27 \|accessdate=22 July 2023}}</ref>
	\|-		\|-
	\|[[Dishu District\|Dishu]] \|\| \|\| 30,296 \|\| 11,680 \|\| 2 \|\| 80% Pashtun, 20% Baloch<ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://www.aims.org.af:80/afg/dist_profiles/unhcr_district_profiles/southern/helmand/dishu.pdf\|title=\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051027175256/http://www.aims.org.af:80/afg/dist_profiles/unhcr_district_profiles/southern/helmand/dishu.pdf \|accessdate=22 July 2023\|archive-date=2005-10-27 }}</ref>		\|[[Dishu District\|Dishu]] \|\| \|\| 30,296 \|\| 11,680 \|\| 2 \|\| 80% Pashtun, 20% Baloch<ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://www.aims.org.af:80/afg/dist_profiles/unhcr_district_profiles/southern/helmand/dishu.pdf\|title=\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051027175256/http://www.aims.org.af:80/afg/dist_profiles/unhcr_district_profiles/southern/helmand/dishu.pdf \|accessdate=22 July 2023\|archive-date=2005-10-27 }}</ref>

GreenC bot: Move 1 url. Wayback Medic 2.5 per WP:URLREQ#timesonline.co.uk

2024-09-26T23:09:04Z

Move 1 url. Wayback Medic 2.5 per WP:URLREQ#timesonline.co.uk

← Previous revision		Revision as of 23:09, 26 September 2024
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	In summer 2006, Helmand was one of the provinces involved in [[Operation Mountain Thrust]], a combined NATO-Afghan mission targeted at Taliban fighters in the south of the country. In July 2006, this offensive mission essentially stalled in Helmand as NATO, primarily British, and Afghan troops were forced to take increasingly defensive positions under heavy insurgent pressure. In response, British troop levels in the province were increased, and new encampments were established in Sangin and Grishk. Fighting was particularly heavy in the districts of Sangin, Naway, [[Nawzad, Afghanistan\|Nawzad]] and [[Garmsir]]. There were reports that the Taliban saw Helmand province as a key testing area for their ability to take and hold Afghan territory from NATO-led [[Afghan National Security Forces]].<ref>{{cite news \|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/5189316.stm \|work=BBC News \|title=Coalition 'retakes Taleban towns' \|date=2006-07-19 \|access-date=2010-05-04 \|archive-date=2021-03-01 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301190828/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/5189316.stm \|url-status=live }}</ref> Commanders on the ground described the situation as the most brutal conflict the [[British Army]] had been involved in since the [[Korean War]].		In summer 2006, Helmand was one of the provinces involved in [[Operation Mountain Thrust]], a combined NATO-Afghan mission targeted at Taliban fighters in the south of the country. In July 2006, this offensive mission essentially stalled in Helmand as NATO, primarily British, and Afghan troops were forced to take increasingly defensive positions under heavy insurgent pressure. In response, British troop levels in the province were increased, and new encampments were established in Sangin and Grishk. Fighting was particularly heavy in the districts of Sangin, Naway, [[Nawzad, Afghanistan\|Nawzad]] and [[Garmsir]]. There were reports that the Taliban saw Helmand province as a key testing area for their ability to take and hold Afghan territory from NATO-led [[Afghan National Security Forces]].<ref>{{cite news \|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/5189316.stm \|work=BBC News \|title=Coalition 'retakes Taleban towns' \|date=2006-07-19 \|access-date=2010-05-04 \|archive-date=2021-03-01 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301190828/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/5189316.stm \|url-status=live }}</ref> Commanders on the ground described the situation as the most brutal conflict the [[British Army]] had been involved in since the [[Korean War]].

	In Autumn 2006, British troops started to reach "cessation of hostilities" agreements with local Taliban forces around the district centers where they had been stationed earlier in the summer.<ref>{{cite news \|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/newspaper/0,,176-2383232,00.html \|work=The Times \|location=London \|title=British troops in secret truce with the Taliban \|first=Michael \|last=Smith \|date=2006-10-01 \|access-date=2010-05-04 \|archive-date=2008-10-07 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081007040601/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/newspaper/0,,176-2383232,00.html \|url-status=~~live~~ }}</ref> Under the terms of the agreement, both sets of forces were to withdraw from the conflict zone. This agreement from the British forces implied that the strategy of holding key bases in the district, as requested by [[List of Presidents of Afghanistan\|Afghan President]] [[Hamid Karzai]], was essentially untenable with the levels of British troop deployment. The agreement was also a setback for Taliban fighters, who were desperate to consolidate their gains in the province, but were under heavy pressure from various NATO offensives.		In Autumn 2006, British troops started to reach "cessation of hostilities" agreements with local Taliban forces around the district centers where they had been stationed earlier in the summer.<ref>{{cite news \|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/newspaper/0,,176-2383232,00.html \|work=The Times \|location=London \|title=British troops in secret truce with the Taliban \|first=Michael \|last=Smith \|date=2006-10-01 \|access-date=2010-05-04 \|archive-date=2008-10-07 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081007040601/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/newspaper/0,,176-2383232,00.html \|url-status=dead }}</ref> Under the terms of the agreement, both sets of forces were to withdraw from the conflict zone. This agreement from the British forces implied that the strategy of holding key bases in the district, as requested by [[List of Presidents of Afghanistan\|Afghan President]] [[Hamid Karzai]], was essentially untenable with the levels of British troop deployment. The agreement was also a setback for Taliban fighters, who were desperate to consolidate their gains in the province, but were under heavy pressure from various NATO offensives.

	[[File:Opium poppies in Helmand -a.jpg\|left\|thumb\|A U.S. Marine greeting local children working in an opium poppy field in 2011.]]		[[File:Opium poppies in Helmand -a.jpg\|left\|thumb\|A U.S. Marine greeting local children working in an opium poppy field in 2011.]]

GreenC bot: Reformat 2 archive links. Wayback Medic 2.5 per WP:USURPURL and JUDI batch #18

2024-09-22T17:06:41Z

Reformat 2 archive links. Wayback Medic 2.5 per WP:USURPURL and JUDI batch #18

← Previous revision		Revision as of 17:06, 22 September 2024
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	!District		!District
	!Capital		!Capital
	!Population<ref name=mrrd>{{cite web \|url=http://www.mrrd-nabdp.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=131&Itemid=120 \|title=Hillmand Province \|publisher=[[Ministry of Rural Rehabilitation and Development]] \|work=Government of Afghanistan and United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) \|access-date=2012-12-27 \|archive-date=2013-07-29 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130729183605/http://www.mrrd-nabdp.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=131&Itemid=120 \|url-status=~~live~~ }}</ref>		!Population<ref name=mrrd>{{cite web \|url=http://www.mrrd-nabdp.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=131&Itemid=120 \|title=Hillmand Province \|publisher=[[Ministry of Rural Rehabilitation and Development]] \|work=Government of Afghanistan and United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) \|access-date=2012-12-27 \|archive-date=2013-07-29 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130729183605/http://www.mrrd-nabdp.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=131&Itemid=120 \|url-status=usurped }}</ref>
	!Area<br/>in km<sup>2</sup>		!Area<br/>in km<sup>2</sup>
	!Pop.<br />density		!Pop.<br />density

Anti-Agnotology: /* Helmand culture */ Correcting link to Shahr-e Sukhteh

2024-09-05T15:51:56Z

Helmand culture: Correcting link to Shahr-e Sukhteh

← Previous revision		Revision as of 15:51, 5 September 2024
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	===Helmand culture===		===Helmand culture===
	Helmand culture of western Afghanistan was a [[Bronze Age]] culture of the 3rd millennium BC. It is exemplified by such major sites as [[Shahr-i Sokhta]], [[Mundigak]], and [[Bampur]].		Helmand culture of western Afghanistan was a [[Bronze Age]] culture of the 3rd millennium BC. It is exemplified by such major sites as [[Shahr-e Sukhteh\|Shahr-i Sokhta]], [[Mundigak]], and [[Bampur]].

	The term "Helmand civilization" was proposed by M. Tosi. This civilization flourished between 2500 BC and 1900 BC and may have coincided with the great flourishing of the [[Indus Valley civilisation]]. This was also the final phase of Periods III and IV of Shahr-i Sokhta, and the last part of Mundigak Period IV.		The term "Helmand civilization" was proposed by M. Tosi. This civilization flourished between 2500 BC and 1900 BC and may have coincided with the great flourishing of the [[Indus Valley civilisation]]. This was also the final phase of Periods III and IV of Shahr-i Sokhta, and the last part of Mundigak Period IV.

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	In summer 2006, Helmand was one of the provinces involved in [[Operation Mountain Thrust]], a combined NATO-Afghan mission targeted at Taliban fighters in the south of the country. In July 2006, this offensive mission essentially stalled in Helmand as NATO, primarily British, and Afghan troops were forced to take increasingly defensive positions under heavy insurgent pressure. In response, British troop levels in the province were increased, and new encampments were established in Sangin and Grishk. Fighting was particularly heavy in the districts of Sangin, Naway, [[Nawzad, Afghanistan\|Nawzad]] and [[Garmsir]]. There were reports that the Taliban saw Helmand province as a key testing area for their ability to take and hold Afghan territory from NATO-led [[Afghan National Security Forces]].<ref>{{cite news \|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/5189316.stm \|work=BBC News \|title=Coalition 'retakes Taleban towns' \|date=2006-07-19 \|access-date=2010-05-04 \|archive-date=2021-03-01 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301190828/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/5189316.stm \|url-status=live }}</ref> Commanders on the ground described the situation as the most brutal conflict the [[British Army]] had been involved in since the [[Korean War]].		In summer 2006, Helmand was one of the provinces involved in [[Operation Mountain Thrust]], a combined NATO-Afghan mission targeted at Taliban fighters in the south of the country. In July 2006, this offensive mission essentially stalled in Helmand as NATO, primarily British, and Afghan troops were forced to take increasingly defensive positions under heavy insurgent pressure. In response, British troop levels in the province were increased, and new encampments were established in Sangin and Grishk. Fighting was particularly heavy in the districts of Sangin, Naway, [[Nawzad, Afghanistan\|Nawzad]] and [[Garmsir]]. There were reports that the Taliban saw Helmand province as a key testing area for their ability to take and hold Afghan territory from NATO-led [[Afghan National Security Forces]].<ref>{{cite news \|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/5189316.stm \|work=BBC News \|title=Coalition 'retakes Taleban towns' \|date=2006-07-19 \|access-date=2010-05-04 \|archive-date=2021-03-01 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301190828/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/5189316.stm \|url-status=live }}</ref> Commanders on the ground described the situation as the most brutal conflict the [[British Army]] had been involved in since the [[Korean War]].

	In Autumn 2006, British troops started to reach "cessation of hostilities" agreements with local Taliban forces around the district centers where they had been stationed earlier in the summer.<ref>{{cite news \|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/newspaper/0,,176-2383232,00.html \|work=The Times \|location=London \|title=British troops in secret truce with the Taliban \|first=Michael \|last=Smith \|date=2006-10-01 \|access-date=2010-05-04 \|archive-date=2008-10-07 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081007040601/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/newspaper/0,,176-2383232,00.html \|url-status=~~live~~ }}</ref> Under the terms of the agreement, both sets of forces were to withdraw from the conflict zone. This agreement from the British forces implied that the strategy of holding key bases in the district, as requested by [[List of Presidents of Afghanistan\|Afghan President]] [[Hamid Karzai]], was essentially untenable with the levels of British troop deployment. The agreement was also a setback for Taliban fighters, who were desperate to consolidate their gains in the province, but were under heavy pressure from various NATO offensives.		In Autumn 2006, British troops started to reach "cessation of hostilities" agreements with local Taliban forces around the district centers where they had been stationed earlier in the summer.<ref>{{cite news \|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/newspaper/0,,176-2383232,00.html \|work=The Times \|location=London \|title=British troops in secret truce with the Taliban \|first=Michael \|last=Smith \|date=2006-10-01 \|access-date=2010-05-04 \|archive-date=2008-10-07 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081007040601/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/newspaper/0,,176-2383232,00.html \|url-status=dead }}</ref> Under the terms of the agreement, both sets of forces were to withdraw from the conflict zone. This agreement from the British forces implied that the strategy of holding key bases in the district, as requested by [[List of Presidents of Afghanistan\|Afghan President]] [[Hamid Karzai]], was essentially untenable with the levels of British troop deployment. The agreement was also a setback for Taliban fighters, who were desperate to consolidate their gains in the province, but were under heavy pressure from various NATO offensives.

	[[File:Opium poppies in Helmand -a.jpg\|left\|thumb\|A U.S. Marine greeting local children working in an opium poppy field in 2011.]]		[[File:Opium poppies in Helmand -a.jpg\|left\|thumb\|A U.S. Marine greeting local children working in an opium poppy field in 2011.]]