Lenore Kandel - Revision history

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	Her first works of poetry were the chapbooks ''An Exquisite Navel'', ''A Passing Dragon'', and ''A Passing Dragon Seen Again'', published in 1959. Several of her poems also appeared in ''Beat and Beatific II'' in 1959.		Her first works of poetry were the chapbooks ''An Exquisite Navel'', ''A Passing Dragon'', and ''A Passing Dragon Seen Again'', published in 1959. Several of her poems also appeared in ''Beat and Beatific II'' in 1959.

	Kandel was briefly notorious as the author of a short book of poetry, ''The Love Book''. A small pamphlet consisting of four poems, ''The Love Book'' provoked censorship with its three-part poem, "To Fuck with Love." Police seized the work as being in violation of state obscenity codes, from both [[City Lights Books]] and "The Psychedelic Shop" in 1966. Subsequently, Kandel gained cause célèbre status.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.arthurmag.com/2009/11/05/lenore-kandel-1932-2009/\|title=LENORE KANDEL, 1932-2009\|work=Arthur Magazine}}</ref> She herself defended her verse as "holy erotica."<ref name="Lawlor2005">{{cite book\|author=William Lawlor\|title=Beat Culture: Lifestyles, Icons, and Impact\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MMZqLXP01e4C&pg=PA169\|date=1 January 2005\|publisher=ABC-CLIO\|isbn=978-1-85109-400-4\|pages=169–}}</ref> A jury declared the book obscene and lacking in any redeeming social value in 1967 and sales increased; Kandel thanked the police by giving one percent of all profits to the Police Retirement Association.<ref name="Lawlor2005"/> The decision was overturned on appeal and the book continued to sell well.<ref name="Lawlor2005"/>		Kandel was briefly notorious as the author of a short book of poetry, ''The Love Book''. A small pamphlet consisting of four poems, ''The Love Book'' provoked censorship with its three-part poem, "To Fuck with Love." Police seized the work as being in violation of state obscenity codes, from both [[City Lights Books]] and "The Psychedelic Shop" in 1966. Subsequently, Kandel gained cause célèbre status.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.arthurmag.com/2009/11/05/lenore-kandel-1932-2009/\|title=LENORE KANDEL, 1932-2009\|work=Arthur Magazine\|date=5 November 2009 }}</ref> She herself defended her verse as "holy erotica."<ref name="Lawlor2005">{{cite book\|author=William Lawlor\|title=Beat Culture: Lifestyles, Icons, and Impact\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MMZqLXP01e4C&pg=PA169\|date=1 January 2005\|publisher=ABC-CLIO\|isbn=978-1-85109-400-4\|pages=169–}}</ref> A jury declared the book obscene and lacking in any redeeming social value in 1967 and sales increased; Kandel thanked the police by giving one percent of all profits to the Police Retirement Association.<ref name="Lawlor2005"/> The decision was overturned on appeal and the book continued to sell well.<ref name="Lawlor2005"/>

	In 1964, she participated in The Berkeley Poetry Conference organized by Richard Baker, Program Coordinator, University of California Berkeley, Liberal Arts Extension, along with poets Robert Duncan, Charles Olson, Allen Ginsberg, Bob Creeley, and many others. Kandel was a speaker at the [[Human Be-In]] in the [[Golden Gate Park]] polo fields on January 14, 1967. The only woman to speak from the stage, Kandel defiantly read from ''The Love Book''. It was her 35th birthday, and McClure later stated, "The entire crowd of 20,000 or 30,000 people sang 'Happy Birthday' to her."<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/lenore-kandel-beat-poet-whose-the-love-book-fell-victim-to-one-of-san-franciscos-longest-ever-court-cases-1837947.html\|title=Lenore Kandel: Beat poet whose 'The Love Book' fell victim to one of San Francisco's longest ever court cases\|work=The Independent}}</ref>		In 1964, she participated in The Berkeley Poetry Conference organized by Richard Baker, Program Coordinator, University of California Berkeley, Liberal Arts Extension, along with poets Robert Duncan, Charles Olson, Allen Ginsberg, Bob Creeley, and many others. Kandel was a speaker at the [[Human Be-In]] in the [[Golden Gate Park]] polo fields on January 14, 1967. The only woman to speak from the stage, Kandel defiantly read from ''The Love Book''. It was her 35th birthday, and McClure later stated, "The entire crowd of 20,000 or 30,000 people sang 'Happy Birthday' to her."<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/lenore-kandel-beat-poet-whose-the-love-book-fell-victim-to-one-of-san-franciscos-longest-ever-court-cases-1837947.html\|title=Lenore Kandel: Beat poet whose 'The Love Book' fell victim to one of San Francisco's longest ever court cases\|work=The Independent\|date=11 December 2009 }}</ref>

	Kandel published her only full-length book of poems, ''Word Alchemy'', in 1967. She was one of 15 people interviewed in ''Voices from the Love Generation'' ([[Little, Brown and Company]], 1968). In 1976, Kandel recited a poem at the iconic concert [[The Last Waltz]] performed by [[The Band]] (but was not included in the film or soundtrack).<ref name="Hoskyns2006">{{cite book\|author=Barney Hoskyns\|title=Across the Great Divide: The Band and America\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fEA7MuMoLqcC&pg=PA348\|year=2006\|publisher=Hal Leonard\|isbn=978-1-4234-1442-1\|pages=348–}}</ref>		Kandel published her only full-length book of poems, ''Word Alchemy'', in 1967. She was one of 15 people interviewed in ''Voices from the Love Generation'' ([[Little, Brown and Company]], 1968). In 1976, Kandel recited a poem at the iconic concert [[The Last Waltz]] performed by [[The Band]] (but was not included in the film or soundtrack).<ref name="Hoskyns2006">{{cite book\|author=Barney Hoskyns\|title=Across the Great Divide: The Band and America\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fEA7MuMoLqcC&pg=PA348\|year=2006\|publisher=Hal Leonard\|isbn=978-1-4234-1442-1\|pages=348–}}</ref>
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	She died at home on October 18, 2009, of complications from [[lung cancer]], with which she had been diagnosed several weeks earlier.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2009/10/22/BAN61A8O9A.DTL\|title=Lenore Kandel - 'The Love Book' author - dies\|work=SFGate}}</ref>		She died at home on October 18, 2009, of complications from [[lung cancer]], with which she had been diagnosed several weeks earlier.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2009/10/22/BAN61A8O9A.DTL\|title=Lenore Kandel - 'The Love Book' author - dies\|work=SFGate}}</ref>

	In 2012, ''Collected Poems of Lenore Kandel'' was published. It features 80 of her poems, many of which had never before been published.<ref>{{Cite book\|isbn = 978-1583943724\|title = Collected Poems of Lenore Kandel\|last1 = Kandel\|first1 = Lenore\|year = 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.northatlanticbooks.com/catalog/display.pperl?isbn=9781583943724\|title=North Atlantic Books - Collected Poems of Lenore Kandel\|url-status=dead\|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120429102221/http://www.northatlanticbooks.com/catalog/display.pperl?isbn=9781583943724\|archivedate=2012-04-29}}</ref>		In 2012, ''Collected Poems of Lenore Kandel'' was published. It features 80 of her poems, many of which had never before been published.<ref>{{Cite book\|isbn = 978-1583943724\|title = Collected Poems of Lenore Kandel\|last1 = Kandel\|first1 = Lenore\|year = 2012\| publisher=North Atlantic Books }}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.northatlanticbooks.com/catalog/display.pperl?isbn=9781583943724\|title=North Atlantic Books - Collected Poems of Lenore Kandel\|url-status=dead\|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120429102221/http://www.northatlanticbooks.com/catalog/display.pperl?isbn=9781583943724\|archivedate=2012-04-29}}</ref>

	== Film and music ==		== Film and music ==

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	== Biography ==		== Biography ==
	{{Moresources\|section}}		{{Moresources\|section\|date=July 2023}}
	Although Kandel was born in New York, her family lived in [[Bucks County, Pennsylvania]] during her childhood. Afterward, she moved to [[Los Angeles]] to live with her father, screenwriter [[Aben Kandel]]. Her brother was future screenwriter [[Stephen Kandel]].		Although Kandel was born in New York, her family lived in [[Bucks County, Pennsylvania]] during her childhood. Afterward, she moved to [[Los Angeles]] to live with her father, screenwriter [[Aben Kandel]]. Her brother was future screenwriter [[Stephen Kandel]].

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	'''Lenore Kandel''' (January 14, 1932 in [[New York City]] – October 18, 2009 in [[San Francisco]], [[California]]) was an American poet, affiliated with the [[Beat Generation]] and [[Hippie]] counterculture.		'''Lenore Kandel''' (January 14, 1932, [[New York City]] – October 18, 2009, [[San Francisco]], [[California]]) was an American poet, affiliated with the [[Beat Generation]] and [[Hippie]] counterculture.

	== Biography ==		== Biography ==

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	== Biography ==		== Biography ==
			{{Moresources\|section}}
⚫	Although Kandel was born in New York, her family lived in [[Bucks County, Pennsylvania]] during her childhood. Afterward, she moved to [[Los Angeles]] to live with her father, screenwriter [[Aben Kandel]]. She returned to New York to attend [[The New School for Social Research]] on scholarship for three and a half years before she dropped out. She moved to San Francisco in 1960. She began living in the East-West House co-op, where she met [[Jack Kerouac]], who later immortalized her as ''Romana Swartz'', "a big Rumanian monster beauty", in his novel ''[[Big Sur (novel)\|Big Sur]]'' (1962). In the novel, she is described as being the girlfriend of Dave Wain, who was based on [[Lew Welch]]. "Dave" describes how she walked around the "Zen-East House" (''East-West House'') wearing only purple panties. Kerouac described her as "intelligent, well read, writes poetry, is a [[Zen]] student, knows everything [...]" (''[[Big Sur (novel)\|Big Sur]]'', p. 75).
			Although Kandel was born in New York, her family lived in [[Bucks County, Pennsylvania]] during her childhood. Afterward, she moved to [[Los Angeles]] to live with her father, screenwriter [[Aben Kandel]]. Her brother was future screenwriter [[Stephen Kandel]].

		⚫	She returned to New York to attend [[The New School for Social Research]] on scholarship for three and a half years before she dropped out. She moved to San Francisco in 1960. She began living in the East-West House co-op, where she met [[Jack Kerouac]], who later immortalized her as ''Romana Swartz'', "a big Rumanian monster beauty", in his novel ''[[Big Sur (novel)\|Big Sur]]'' (1962). In the novel, she is described as being the girlfriend of Dave Wain, who was based on [[Lew Welch]]. "Dave" describes how she walked around the "Zen-East House" (''East-West House'') wearing only purple panties. Kerouac described her as "intelligent, well read, writes poetry, is a [[Zen]] student, knows everything [...]" (''[[Big Sur (novel)\|Big Sur]]'', p. 75).
⚫	Her first works of poetry were the chapbooks ''An Exquisite Navel'', ''A Passing Dragon'', and ''A Passing Dragon Seen Again'', published in 1959. Several of her poems also appeared in ''Beat and Beatific II'' in 1959.~~{{cn}}~~

		⚫	Her first works of poetry were the chapbooks ''An Exquisite Navel'', ''A Passing Dragon'', and ''A Passing Dragon Seen Again'', published in 1959. Several of her poems also appeared in ''Beat and Beatific II'' in 1959.

	Kandel was briefly notorious as the author of a short book of poetry, ''The Love Book''. A small pamphlet consisting of four poems, ''The Love Book'' provoked censorship with its three-part poem, "To Fuck with Love." Police seized the work as being in violation of state obscenity codes, from both [[City Lights Books]] and "The Psychedelic Shop" in 1966. Subsequently, Kandel gained cause célèbre status.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.arthurmag.com/2009/11/05/lenore-kandel-1932-2009/\|title=LENORE KANDEL, 1932-2009\|work=Arthur Magazine}}</ref> She herself defended her verse as "holy erotica."<ref name="Lawlor2005">{{cite book\|author=William Lawlor\|title=Beat Culture: Lifestyles, Icons, and Impact\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MMZqLXP01e4C&pg=PA169\|date=1 January 2005\|publisher=ABC-CLIO\|isbn=978-1-85109-400-4\|pages=169–}}</ref> A jury declared the book obscene and lacking in any redeeming social value in 1967 and sales increased; Kandel thanked the police by giving one percent of all profits to the Police Retirement Association.<ref name="Lawlor2005"/> The decision was overturned on appeal and the book continued to sell well.<ref name="Lawlor2005"/>		Kandel was briefly notorious as the author of a short book of poetry, ''The Love Book''. A small pamphlet consisting of four poems, ''The Love Book'' provoked censorship with its three-part poem, "To Fuck with Love." Police seized the work as being in violation of state obscenity codes, from both [[City Lights Books]] and "The Psychedelic Shop" in 1966. Subsequently, Kandel gained cause célèbre status.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.arthurmag.com/2009/11/05/lenore-kandel-1932-2009/\|title=LENORE KANDEL, 1932-2009\|work=Arthur Magazine}}</ref> She herself defended her verse as "holy erotica."<ref name="Lawlor2005">{{cite book\|author=William Lawlor\|title=Beat Culture: Lifestyles, Icons, and Impact\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MMZqLXP01e4C&pg=PA169\|date=1 January 2005\|publisher=ABC-CLIO\|isbn=978-1-85109-400-4\|pages=169–}}</ref> A jury declared the book obscene and lacking in any redeeming social value in 1967 and sales increased; Kandel thanked the police by giving one percent of all profits to the Police Retirement Association.<ref name="Lawlor2005"/> The decision was overturned on appeal and the book continued to sell well.<ref name="Lawlor2005"/>

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	== Biography ==		== Biography ==
⚫	Her first works of poetry were the chapbooks ''An Exquisite Navel'', ''A Passing Dragon'', and ''A Passing Dragon Seen Again'', published in 1959. Several of her poems also appeared in ''Beat and Beatific II'' in 1959.

	Although Kandel was born in New York, her family lived in [[Bucks County, Pennsylvania]] during her childhood. Afterward, she moved to [[Los Angeles]] to live with her father, screenwriter [[Aben Kandel]]. She returned to New York to attend [[The New School for Social Research]] on scholarship for three and a half years before she dropped out. She moved to San Francisco in 1960. She began living in the East-West House co-op, where she met [[Jack Kerouac]], who later immortalized her as ''Romana Swartz'', "a big Rumanian monster beauty", in his novel ''[[Big Sur (novel)\|Big Sur]]'' (1962). In the novel, she is described as being the girlfriend of Dave Wain, who was based on [[Lew Welch]]. "Dave" describes how she walked around the "Zen-East House" (''East-West House'') wearing only purple panties. Kerouac described her as "intelligent, well read, writes poetry, is a [[Zen]] student, knows everything [...]" (''[[Big Sur (novel)\|Big Sur]]'', p. 75).		Although Kandel was born in New York, her family lived in [[Bucks County, Pennsylvania]] during her childhood. Afterward, she moved to [[Los Angeles]] to live with her father, screenwriter [[Aben Kandel]]. She returned to New York to attend [[The New School for Social Research]] on scholarship for three and a half years before she dropped out. She moved to San Francisco in 1960. She began living in the East-West House co-op, where she met [[Jack Kerouac]], who later immortalized her as ''Romana Swartz'', "a big Rumanian monster beauty", in his novel ''[[Big Sur (novel)\|Big Sur]]'' (1962). In the novel, she is described as being the girlfriend of Dave Wain, who was based on [[Lew Welch]]. "Dave" describes how she walked around the "Zen-East House" (''East-West House'') wearing only purple panties. Kerouac described her as "intelligent, well read, writes poetry, is a [[Zen]] student, knows everything [...]" (''[[Big Sur (novel)\|Big Sur]]'', p. 75).

		⚫	Her first works of poetry were the chapbooks ''An Exquisite Navel'', ''A Passing Dragon'', and ''A Passing Dragon Seen Again'', published in 1959. Several of her poems also appeared in ''Beat and Beatific II'' in 1959.{{cn}}

	Kandel was briefly notorious as the author of a short book of poetry, ''The Love Book''. A small pamphlet consisting of four poems, ''The Love Book'' provoked censorship with its three-part poem, "To Fuck with Love." Police seized the work as being in violation of state obscenity codes, from both [[City Lights Books]] and "The Psychedelic Shop" in 1966. Subsequently, Kandel gained cause célèbre status.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.arthurmag.com/2009/11/05/lenore-kandel-1932-2009/\|title=LENORE KANDEL, 1932-2009\|work=Arthur Magazine}}</ref> She herself defended her verse as "holy erotica."<ref name="Lawlor2005">{{cite book\|author=William Lawlor\|title=Beat Culture: Lifestyles, Icons, and Impact\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MMZqLXP01e4C&pg=PA169\|date=1 January 2005\|publisher=ABC-CLIO\|isbn=978-1-85109-400-4\|pages=169–}}</ref> A jury declared the book obscene and lacking in any redeeming social value in 1967 and sales increased; Kandel thanked the police by giving one percent of all profits to the Police Retirement Association.<ref name="Lawlor2005"/> The decision was overturned on appeal and the book continued to sell well.<ref name="Lawlor2005"/>		Kandel was briefly notorious as the author of a short book of poetry, ''The Love Book''. A small pamphlet consisting of four poems, ''The Love Book'' provoked censorship with its three-part poem, "To Fuck with Love." Police seized the work as being in violation of state obscenity codes, from both [[City Lights Books]] and "The Psychedelic Shop" in 1966. Subsequently, Kandel gained cause célèbre status.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.arthurmag.com/2009/11/05/lenore-kandel-1932-2009/\|title=LENORE KANDEL, 1932-2009\|work=Arthur Magazine}}</ref> She herself defended her verse as "holy erotica."<ref name="Lawlor2005">{{cite book\|author=William Lawlor\|title=Beat Culture: Lifestyles, Icons, and Impact\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MMZqLXP01e4C&pg=PA169\|date=1 January 2005\|publisher=ABC-CLIO\|isbn=978-1-85109-400-4\|pages=169–}}</ref> A jury declared the book obscene and lacking in any redeeming social value in 1967 and sales increased; Kandel thanked the police by giving one percent of all profits to the Police Retirement Association.<ref name="Lawlor2005"/> The decision was overturned on appeal and the book continued to sell well.<ref name="Lawlor2005"/>

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	\| occupation = Poet, Activist		\| occupation = Poet, Activist
	\| years_active = 1960–1970		\| years_active = 1960–1970
	\| notable_works = [[The Love Book]] (1966)~~, [[~~Word Alchemy]] (1967)		\| notable_works = ''The Love Book'' (1966)<br>''Word Alchemy'' (1967)
	\| movement = [[Beat Generation]], [[Hippie]], [[Diggers (theater)]]		\| movement = [[Beat Generation]], [[Hippie]], [[Diggers (theater)]]
	\| parents = [[Aben Kandel]] (Father)		\| parents = [[Aben Kandel]] (Father)

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Biography

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	Kandel published her only full-length book of poems, ''Word Alchemy'', in 1967. She was one of 15 people interviewed in ''Voices from the Love Generation'' ([[Little, Brown and Company]], 1968). In 1976, Kandel recited a poem at the iconic concert [[The Last Waltz]] performed by [[The Band]] (but was not included in the film or soundtrack).<ref name="Hoskyns2006">{{cite book\|author=Barney Hoskyns\|title=Across the Great Divide: The Band and America\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fEA7MuMoLqcC&pg=PA348\|year=2006\|publisher=Hal Leonard\|isbn=978-1-4234-1442-1\|pages=348–}}</ref>		Kandel published her only full-length book of poems, ''Word Alchemy'', in 1967. She was one of 15 people interviewed in ''Voices from the Love Generation'' ([[Little, Brown and Company]], 1968). In 1976, Kandel recited a poem at the iconic concert [[The Last Waltz]] performed by [[The Band]] (but was not included in the film or soundtrack).<ref name="Hoskyns2006">{{cite book\|author=Barney Hoskyns\|title=Across the Great Divide: The Band and America\|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fEA7MuMoLqcC&pg=PA348\|year=2006\|publisher=Hal Leonard\|isbn=978-1-4234-1442-1\|pages=348–}}</ref>

	In 1970, Kandel suffered massive spinal injuries in a motorcycle crash with her then-husband Billy "Sweet Wiliam" Fritsch (poet, [[stevedore]], and member of the [[Diggers]] and [[Hells Angels]]). Despite having to cope with excruciating pain for the remainder of her life, she continued to write and maintain social ties.		In 1970, Kandel suffered massive spinal injuries in a motorcycle crash with her then-husband Billy "Sweet Wiliam" Fritsch (poet, [[stevedore]], and member of the [[Diggers (theater)]] and [[Hells Angels]]). Despite having to cope with excruciating pain for the remainder of her life, she continued to write and maintain social ties.

	She died at home on October 18, 2009, of complications from [[lung cancer]], with which she had been diagnosed several weeks earlier.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2009/10/22/BAN61A8O9A.DTL\|title=Lenore Kandel - 'The Love Book' author - dies\|work=SFGate}}</ref>		She died at home on October 18, 2009, of complications from [[lung cancer]], with which she had been diagnosed several weeks earlier.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2009/10/22/BAN61A8O9A.DTL\|title=Lenore Kandel - 'The Love Book' author - dies\|work=SFGate}}</ref>