Leonhard Euler - Revision history

Zumbo: Swiss standard pronounciation

2024-11-13T12:33:12Z

Swiss standard pronounciation

← Previous revision		Revision as of 12:33, 13 November 2024
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	\| signature = Euler's signature.svg		\| signature = Euler's signature.svg
	}}		}}
	'''Leonhard Euler''' ({{IPAc-en\|ˈ\|ɔɪ\|l\|ər}} {{respell\|OY\|lər}};{{efn\|The pronunciation {{IPAc-en\|ˈ\|juː\|l\|ər}} {{respell\|YOO\|lər}} is considered incorrect.<ref name="oxford"/><ref name="merriam"/><ref name="amer heritage"/><ref name="nets, puzzles"/>}} {{IPA\|de\|ˈleːɔnhaʁt ˈʔɔʏlɐ\|lang\|De-Leonhard Euler.ogg}}, {{IPA\|de-CH\|~~ˈleːɔnhard~~ ˈɔʏlər\|lang}}; 15 April 1707{{spaced ndash}}18 September 1783) was a [[Old Swiss Confederacy\|Swiss]] [[mathematician]], [[physicist]], [[astronomer]], [[geographer]], [[logician]], and [[engineer]] who founded the studies of [[graph theory]] and [[topology]] and made pioneering and influential discoveries in many other branches of mathematics such as [[analytic number theory]], [[complex analysis]], and [[infinitesimal calculus]]. He introduced much of modern mathematical terminology and [[Mathematical notation\|notation]], including the notion of a [[mathematical function]].{{sfn\|Dunham\|1999\|p=17}} He is also known for his work in [[mechanics]], [[fluid dynamics]], [[optics]], [[astronomy]], and [[music theory]].<ref name=":0" />		'''Leonhard Euler''' ({{IPAc-en\|ˈ\|ɔɪ\|l\|ər}} {{respell\|OY\|lər}};{{efn\|The pronunciation {{IPAc-en\|ˈ\|juː\|l\|ər}} {{respell\|YOO\|lər}} is considered incorrect.<ref name="oxford"/><ref name="merriam"/><ref name="amer heritage"/><ref name="nets, puzzles"/>}} {{IPA\|de\|ˈleːɔnhaʁt ˈʔɔʏlɐ\|lang\|De-Leonhard Euler.ogg}}, {{IPA\|de-CH\|ˈleɔnhard ˈɔʏlər\|lang}}; 15 April 1707{{spaced ndash}}18 September 1783) was a [[Old Swiss Confederacy\|Swiss]] [[mathematician]], [[physicist]], [[astronomer]], [[geographer]], [[logician]], and [[engineer]] who founded the studies of [[graph theory]] and [[topology]] and made pioneering and influential discoveries in many other branches of mathematics such as [[analytic number theory]], [[complex analysis]], and [[infinitesimal calculus]]. He introduced much of modern mathematical terminology and [[Mathematical notation\|notation]], including the notion of a [[mathematical function]].{{sfn\|Dunham\|1999\|p=17}} He is also known for his work in [[mechanics]], [[fluid dynamics]], [[optics]], [[astronomy]], and [[music theory]].<ref name=":0" />

	Euler is regarded as one of the greatest, most prolific mathematicians in history and the greatest of the 18th century. Several great mathematicians who produced their work after Euler's death have recognised his importance in the field as shown by quotes attributed to many of them: [[Pierre-Simon Laplace]] expressed Euler's influence on mathematics by stating, "Read Euler, read Euler, he is the master of us all."<ref name="Laplace"/>{{efn\|name=fn2}} [[Carl Friedrich Gauss]] wrote: "The study of Euler's works will remain the best school for the different fields of mathematics, and nothing else can replace it."<ref name="Grinstein" />{{efn\|name=fn3\|		Euler is regarded as one of the greatest, most prolific mathematicians in history and the greatest of the 18th century. Several great mathematicians who produced their work after Euler's death have recognised his importance in the field as shown by quotes attributed to many of them: [[Pierre-Simon Laplace]] expressed Euler's influence on mathematics by stating, "Read Euler, read Euler, he is the master of us all."<ref name="Laplace"/>{{efn\|name=fn2}} [[Carl Friedrich Gauss]] wrote: "The study of Euler's works will remain the best school for the different fields of mathematics, and nothing else can replace it."<ref name="Grinstein" />{{efn\|name=fn3\|

Zumbo: Change pronunciation, Swiss standard German does not have de:Auslautverhärtung

2024-11-13T12:30:47Z

Change pronunciation, Swiss standard German does not have de:Auslautverhärtung

← Previous revision		Revision as of 12:30, 13 November 2024
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	\| signature = Euler's signature.svg		\| signature = Euler's signature.svg
	}}		}}
	'''Leonhard Euler''' ({{IPAc-en\|ˈ\|ɔɪ\|l\|ər}} {{respell\|OY\|lər}};{{efn\|The pronunciation {{IPAc-en\|ˈ\|juː\|l\|ər}} {{respell\|YOO\|lər}} is considered incorrect.<ref name="oxford"/><ref name="merriam"/><ref name="amer heritage"/><ref name="nets, puzzles"/>}} {{IPA\|de\|ˈleːɔnhaʁt ˈʔɔʏlɐ\|lang\|De-Leonhard Euler.ogg}}, {{IPA\|de-CH\|~~ˈleːɔnhart~~ ˈɔʏlər\|lang}}; 15 April 1707{{spaced ndash}}18 September 1783) was a [[Old Swiss Confederacy\|Swiss]] [[mathematician]], [[physicist]], [[astronomer]], [[geographer]], [[logician]], and [[engineer]] who founded the studies of [[graph theory]] and [[topology]] and made pioneering and influential discoveries in many other branches of mathematics such as [[analytic number theory]], [[complex analysis]], and [[infinitesimal calculus]]. He introduced much of modern mathematical terminology and [[Mathematical notation\|notation]], including the notion of a [[mathematical function]].{{sfn\|Dunham\|1999\|p=17}} He is also known for his work in [[mechanics]], [[fluid dynamics]], [[optics]], [[astronomy]], and [[music theory]].<ref name=":0" />		'''Leonhard Euler''' ({{IPAc-en\|ˈ\|ɔɪ\|l\|ər}} {{respell\|OY\|lər}};{{efn\|The pronunciation {{IPAc-en\|ˈ\|juː\|l\|ər}} {{respell\|YOO\|lər}} is considered incorrect.<ref name="oxford"/><ref name="merriam"/><ref name="amer heritage"/><ref name="nets, puzzles"/>}} {{IPA\|de\|ˈleːɔnhaʁt ˈʔɔʏlɐ\|lang\|De-Leonhard Euler.ogg}}, {{IPA\|de-CH\|ˈleːɔnhard ˈɔʏlər\|lang}}; 15 April 1707{{spaced ndash}}18 September 1783) was a [[Old Swiss Confederacy\|Swiss]] [[mathematician]], [[physicist]], [[astronomer]], [[geographer]], [[logician]], and [[engineer]] who founded the studies of [[graph theory]] and [[topology]] and made pioneering and influential discoveries in many other branches of mathematics such as [[analytic number theory]], [[complex analysis]], and [[infinitesimal calculus]]. He introduced much of modern mathematical terminology and [[Mathematical notation\|notation]], including the notion of a [[mathematical function]].{{sfn\|Dunham\|1999\|p=17}} He is also known for his work in [[mechanics]], [[fluid dynamics]], [[optics]], [[astronomy]], and [[music theory]].<ref name=":0" />

	Euler is regarded as one of the greatest, most prolific mathematicians in history and the greatest of the 18th century. Several great mathematicians who produced their work after Euler's death have recognised his importance in the field as shown by quotes attributed to many of them: [[Pierre-Simon Laplace]] expressed Euler's influence on mathematics by stating, "Read Euler, read Euler, he is the master of us all."<ref name="Laplace"/>{{efn\|name=fn2}} [[Carl Friedrich Gauss]] wrote: "The study of Euler's works will remain the best school for the different fields of mathematics, and nothing else can replace it."<ref name="Grinstein" />{{efn\|name=fn3\|		Euler is regarded as one of the greatest, most prolific mathematicians in history and the greatest of the 18th century. Several great mathematicians who produced their work after Euler's death have recognised his importance in the field as shown by quotes attributed to many of them: [[Pierre-Simon Laplace]] expressed Euler's influence on mathematics by stating, "Read Euler, read Euler, he is the master of us all."<ref name="Laplace"/>{{efn\|name=fn2}} [[Carl Friedrich Gauss]] wrote: "The study of Euler's works will remain the best school for the different fields of mathematics, and nothing else can replace it."<ref name="Grinstein" />{{efn\|name=fn3\|

Jacobolus: Undid revision 1256614953 by JBW (talk) – these "X from Y" categories generally also include people who lived in Y for an extended time

2024-11-10T21:14:18Z

Undid revision 1256614953 by JBW (talk) – these "X from Y" categories generally also include people who lived in Y for an extended time

← Previous revision		Revision as of 21:14, 10 November 2024
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	[[Category:University of Basel alumni]]		[[Category:University of Basel alumni]]
	[[Category:Writers about religion and science]]		[[Category:Writers about religion and science]]
			[[Category:18th-century scientists from the Russian Empire]]

JBW: He lived for a significant part of his life in Russia, but he was not from the Russian empire.

2024-11-10T19:53:42Z

He lived for a significant part of his life in Russia, but he was not from the Russian empire.

← Previous revision		Revision as of 19:53, 10 November 2024
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	[[Category:University of Basel alumni]]		[[Category:University of Basel alumni]]
	[[Category:Writers about religion and science]]		[[Category:Writers about religion and science]]
	[[Category:18th-century scientists from the Russian Empire]]

Smasongarrison: Moving from Category:Russian scientists to Category:18th-century scientists from the Russian Empire Diffusing per WP:DIFFUSE and/or WP:ALLINCLUDED using Cat-a-lot

2024-11-10T05:34:41Z

Moving from Category:Russian scientists to Category:18th-century scientists from the Russian Empire Diffusing per WP:DIFFUSE and/or WP:ALLINCLUDED using Cat-a-lot

← Previous revision		Revision as of 05:34, 10 November 2024
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	[[Category:University of Basel alumni]]		[[Category:University of Basel alumni]]
	[[Category:Writers about religion and science]]		[[Category:Writers about religion and science]]
	[[Category:~~Russian~~ scientists]]		[[Category:18th-century scientists from the Russian Empire]]

175.159.178.131 at 06:14, 6 November 2024

2024-11-06T06:14:44Z

← Previous revision		Revision as of 06:14, 6 November 2024
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	'''Leonhard Euler''' ({{IPAc-en\|ˈ\|ɔɪ\|l\|ər}} {{respell\|OY\|lər}};{{efn\|The pronunciation {{IPAc-en\|ˈ\|juː\|l\|ər}} {{respell\|YOO\|lər}} is considered incorrect.<ref name="oxford"/><ref name="merriam"/><ref name="amer heritage"/><ref name="nets, puzzles"/>}} {{IPA\|de\|ˈleːɔnhaʁt ˈʔɔʏlɐ\|lang\|De-Leonhard Euler.ogg}}, {{IPA\|de-CH\|ˈleːɔnhart ˈɔʏlər\|lang}}; 15 April 1707{{spaced ndash}}18 September 1783) was a [[Old Swiss Confederacy\|Swiss]] [[mathematician]], [[physicist]], [[astronomer]], [[geographer]], [[logician]], and [[engineer]] who founded the studies of [[graph theory]] and [[topology]] and made pioneering and influential discoveries in many other branches of mathematics such as [[analytic number theory]], [[complex analysis]], and [[infinitesimal calculus]]. He introduced much of modern mathematical terminology and [[Mathematical notation\|notation]], including the notion of a [[mathematical function]].{{sfn\|Dunham\|1999\|p=17}} He is also known for his work in [[mechanics]], [[fluid dynamics]], [[optics]], [[astronomy]], and [[music theory]].<ref name=":0" />		'''Leonhard Euler''' ({{IPAc-en\|ˈ\|ɔɪ\|l\|ər}} {{respell\|OY\|lər}};{{efn\|The pronunciation {{IPAc-en\|ˈ\|juː\|l\|ər}} {{respell\|YOO\|lər}} is considered incorrect.<ref name="oxford"/><ref name="merriam"/><ref name="amer heritage"/><ref name="nets, puzzles"/>}} {{IPA\|de\|ˈleːɔnhaʁt ˈʔɔʏlɐ\|lang\|De-Leonhard Euler.ogg}}, {{IPA\|de-CH\|ˈleːɔnhart ˈɔʏlər\|lang}}; 15 April 1707{{spaced ndash}}18 September 1783) was a [[Old Swiss Confederacy\|Swiss]] [[mathematician]], [[physicist]], [[astronomer]], [[geographer]], [[logician]], and [[engineer]] who founded the studies of [[graph theory]] and [[topology]] and made pioneering and influential discoveries in many other branches of mathematics such as [[analytic number theory]], [[complex analysis]], and [[infinitesimal calculus]]. He introduced much of modern mathematical terminology and [[Mathematical notation\|notation]], including the notion of a [[mathematical function]].{{sfn\|Dunham\|1999\|p=17}} He is also known for his work in [[mechanics]], [[fluid dynamics]], [[optics]], [[astronomy]], and [[music theory]].<ref name=":0" />

	Euler is regarded as one of the greatest, most prolific ~~and blind~~ mathematicians in history and the greatest of the 18th century. Several great mathematicians who produced their work after Euler's death have recognised his importance in the field as shown by quotes attributed to many of them: [[Pierre-Simon Laplace]] expressed Euler's influence on mathematics by stating, "Read Euler, read Euler, he is the master of us all."<ref name="Laplace"/>{{efn\|name=fn2}} [[Carl Friedrich Gauss]] wrote: "The study of Euler's works will remain the best school for the different fields of mathematics, and nothing else can replace it."<ref name="Grinstein" />{{efn\|name=fn3\|		Euler is regarded as one of the greatest, most prolific mathematicians in history and the greatest of the 18th century. Several great mathematicians who produced their work after Euler's death have recognised his importance in the field as shown by quotes attributed to many of them: [[Pierre-Simon Laplace]] expressed Euler's influence on mathematics by stating, "Read Euler, read Euler, he is the master of us all."<ref name="Laplace"/>{{efn\|name=fn2}} [[Carl Friedrich Gauss]] wrote: "The study of Euler's works will remain the best school for the different fields of mathematics, and nothing else can replace it."<ref name="Grinstein" />{{efn\|name=fn3\|
	This quote appeared in a letter from Gauss to [[Paul Fuss]] dated September 11, 1849:{{r\|fussletter}} "{{lang\|de\|Die besondere Herausgabe der kleinern Eulerschen Abhandlungen ist gewiß etwas höchst verdienstliches, [...] und das Studium aller Eulerschen Arbeiten doch stets die beste durch nichts anderes zu ersetzende Schule für die verschiedenen mathematischen Gebiete bleiben wird.}}" [The special publication of the smaller Euler treatises is certainly something highly deserving, [...] and the study of all Euler's works will always remain the best school for the various mathematical fields, which cannot be replaced by anything else.]}} His 866 publications and his correspondence are being collected in the ''[[Opera Omnia Leonhard Euler]]'' which, when completed, will consist of 81 ''[[quarto]]s''.<ref name="ivb"/><ref name="series ii done"/>{{sfn\|Gautschi\|2008\|p=3}} He spent most of his adult life in [[Saint Petersburg]], Russia, and in [[Berlin]], then the capital of [[Kingdom of Prussia\|Prussia]].		This quote appeared in a letter from Gauss to [[Paul Fuss]] dated September 11, 1849:{{r\|fussletter}} "{{lang\|de\|Die besondere Herausgabe der kleinern Eulerschen Abhandlungen ist gewiß etwas höchst verdienstliches, [...] und das Studium aller Eulerschen Arbeiten doch stets die beste durch nichts anderes zu ersetzende Schule für die verschiedenen mathematischen Gebiete bleiben wird.}}" [The special publication of the smaller Euler treatises is certainly something highly deserving, [...] and the study of all Euler's works will always remain the best school for the various mathematical fields, which cannot be replaced by anything else.]}} His 866 publications and his correspondence are being collected in the ''[[Opera Omnia Leonhard Euler]]'' which, when completed, will consist of 81 ''[[quarto]]s''.<ref name="ivb"/><ref name="series ii done"/>{{sfn\|Gautschi\|2008\|p=3}} He spent most of his adult life in [[Saint Petersburg]], Russia, and in [[Berlin]], then the capital of [[Kingdom of Prussia\|Prussia]].

175.159.178.131 at 06:11, 6 November 2024

2024-11-06T06:11:51Z

← Previous revision		Revision as of 06:11, 6 November 2024
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	'''Leonhard Euler''' ({{IPAc-en\|ˈ\|ɔɪ\|l\|ər}} {{respell\|OY\|lər}};{{efn\|The pronunciation {{IPAc-en\|ˈ\|juː\|l\|ər}} {{respell\|YOO\|lər}} is considered incorrect.<ref name="oxford"/><ref name="merriam"/><ref name="amer heritage"/><ref name="nets, puzzles"/>}} {{IPA\|de\|ˈleːɔnhaʁt ˈʔɔʏlɐ\|lang\|De-Leonhard Euler.ogg}}, {{IPA\|de-CH\|ˈleːɔnhart ˈɔʏlər\|lang}}; 15 April 1707{{spaced ndash}}18 September 1783) was a [[Old Swiss Confederacy\|Swiss]] [[mathematician]], [[physicist]], [[astronomer]], [[geographer]], [[logician]], and [[engineer]] who founded the studies of [[graph theory]] and [[topology]] and made pioneering and influential discoveries in many other branches of mathematics such as [[analytic number theory]], [[complex analysis]], and [[infinitesimal calculus]]. He introduced much of modern mathematical terminology and [[Mathematical notation\|notation]], including the notion of a [[mathematical function]].{{sfn\|Dunham\|1999\|p=17}} He is also known for his work in [[mechanics]], [[fluid dynamics]], [[optics]], [[astronomy]], and [[music theory]].<ref name=":0" />		'''Leonhard Euler''' ({{IPAc-en\|ˈ\|ɔɪ\|l\|ər}} {{respell\|OY\|lər}};{{efn\|The pronunciation {{IPAc-en\|ˈ\|juː\|l\|ər}} {{respell\|YOO\|lər}} is considered incorrect.<ref name="oxford"/><ref name="merriam"/><ref name="amer heritage"/><ref name="nets, puzzles"/>}} {{IPA\|de\|ˈleːɔnhaʁt ˈʔɔʏlɐ\|lang\|De-Leonhard Euler.ogg}}, {{IPA\|de-CH\|ˈleːɔnhart ˈɔʏlər\|lang}}; 15 April 1707{{spaced ndash}}18 September 1783) was a [[Old Swiss Confederacy\|Swiss]] [[mathematician]], [[physicist]], [[astronomer]], [[geographer]], [[logician]], and [[engineer]] who founded the studies of [[graph theory]] and [[topology]] and made pioneering and influential discoveries in many other branches of mathematics such as [[analytic number theory]], [[complex analysis]], and [[infinitesimal calculus]]. He introduced much of modern mathematical terminology and [[Mathematical notation\|notation]], including the notion of a [[mathematical function]].{{sfn\|Dunham\|1999\|p=17}} He is also known for his work in [[mechanics]], [[fluid dynamics]], [[optics]], [[astronomy]], and [[music theory]].<ref name=":0" />

	Euler is regarded as one of the greatest, most prolific mathematicians in history and the greatest of the 18th century. Several great mathematicians who produced their work after Euler's death have recognised his importance in the field as shown by quotes attributed to many of them: [[Pierre-Simon Laplace]] expressed Euler's influence on mathematics by stating, "Read Euler, read Euler, he is the master of us all."<ref name="Laplace"/>{{efn\|name=fn2}} [[Carl Friedrich Gauss]] wrote: "The study of Euler's works will remain the best school for the different fields of mathematics, and nothing else can replace it."<ref name="Grinstein" />{{efn\|name=fn3\|		Euler is regarded as one of the greatest, most prolific and blind mathematicians in history and the greatest of the 18th century. Several great mathematicians who produced their work after Euler's death have recognised his importance in the field as shown by quotes attributed to many of them: [[Pierre-Simon Laplace]] expressed Euler's influence on mathematics by stating, "Read Euler, read Euler, he is the master of us all."<ref name="Laplace"/>{{efn\|name=fn2}} [[Carl Friedrich Gauss]] wrote: "The study of Euler's works will remain the best school for the different fields of mathematics, and nothing else can replace it."<ref name="Grinstein" />{{efn\|name=fn3\|
	This quote appeared in a letter from Gauss to [[Paul Fuss]] dated September 11, 1849:{{r\|fussletter}} "{{lang\|de\|Die besondere Herausgabe der kleinern Eulerschen Abhandlungen ist gewiß etwas höchst verdienstliches, [...] und das Studium aller Eulerschen Arbeiten doch stets die beste durch nichts anderes zu ersetzende Schule für die verschiedenen mathematischen Gebiete bleiben wird.}}" [The special publication of the smaller Euler treatises is certainly something highly deserving, [...] and the study of all Euler's works will always remain the best school for the various mathematical fields, which cannot be replaced by anything else.]}} His 866 publications and his correspondence are being collected in the ''[[Opera Omnia Leonhard Euler]]'' which, when completed, will consist of 81 ''[[quarto]]s''.<ref name="ivb"/><ref name="series ii done"/>{{sfn\|Gautschi\|2008\|p=3}} He spent most of his adult life in [[Saint Petersburg]], Russia, and in [[Berlin]], then the capital of [[Kingdom of Prussia\|Prussia]].		This quote appeared in a letter from Gauss to [[Paul Fuss]] dated September 11, 1849:{{r\|fussletter}} "{{lang\|de\|Die besondere Herausgabe der kleinern Eulerschen Abhandlungen ist gewiß etwas höchst verdienstliches, [...] und das Studium aller Eulerschen Arbeiten doch stets die beste durch nichts anderes zu ersetzende Schule für die verschiedenen mathematischen Gebiete bleiben wird.}}" [The special publication of the smaller Euler treatises is certainly something highly deserving, [...] and the study of all Euler's works will always remain the best school for the various mathematical fields, which cannot be replaced by anything else.]}} His 866 publications and his correspondence are being collected in the ''[[Opera Omnia Leonhard Euler]]'' which, when completed, will consist of 81 ''[[quarto]]s''.<ref name="ivb"/><ref name="series ii done"/>{{sfn\|Gautschi\|2008\|p=3}} He spent most of his adult life in [[Saint Petersburg]], Russia, and in [[Berlin]], then the capital of [[Kingdom of Prussia\|Prussia]].

Editing678: Undid revision 1254393129 by Editing678 (talk)

2024-10-30T20:00:56Z

Undid revision 1254393129 by Editing678 (talk)

← Previous revision		Revision as of 20:00, 30 October 2024
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	\| field = {{hlist\|[[Mathematics]]\|[[Physics]]}}		\| field = {{hlist\|[[Mathematics]]\|[[Physics]]}}
	\| work_institutions = {{ubl\|[[Imperial Russian Academy of Sciences]]\|[[Prussian Academy of Sciences\|Berlin Academy]]}}		\| work_institutions = {{ubl\|[[Imperial Russian Academy of Sciences]]\|[[Prussian Academy of Sciences\|Berlin Academy]]}}
	\| education = [[University of Basel]] ([[MPhil]])		\| education = [[University of Basel]] ([[MPhil]])
	\| thesis_title = Dissertatio physica de sono (Physical dissertation on sound)		\| thesis_title = Dissertatio physica de sono (Physical dissertation on sound)
	\| thesis_url = https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/euler-works/2/		\| thesis_url = https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/euler-works/2/
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	\| awards = [[Fellow of the Royal Society\|FRS]] (1747)		\| awards = [[Fellow of the Royal Society\|FRS]] (1747)
	\| signature = Euler's signature.svg		\| signature = Euler's signature.svg
	\| honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals\|size=100%\|FRS}}
	}}		}}
	'''Leonhard Euler''' ~~{{post-nominals\|FRS}}~~ ({{IPAc-en\|ˈ\|ɔɪ\|l\|ər}} {{respell\|OY\|lər}};{{efn\|The pronunciation {{IPAc-en\|ˈ\|juː\|l\|ər}} {{respell\|YOO\|lər}} is considered incorrect.<ref name="oxford"/><ref name="merriam"/><ref name="amer heritage"/><ref name="nets, puzzles"/>}} {{IPA\|de\|ˈleːɔnhaʁt ˈʔɔʏlɐ\|lang\|De-Leonhard Euler.ogg}}, {{IPA\|de-CH\|ˈleːɔnhart ˈɔʏlər\|lang}}; 15 April 1707{{spaced ndash}}18 September 1783) was a [[Old Swiss Confederacy\|Swiss]] [[mathematician]], [[physicist]], [[astronomer]], [[geographer]], [[logician]], and [[engineer]] who founded the studies of [[graph theory]] and [[topology]] and made pioneering and influential discoveries in many other branches of mathematics such as [[analytic number theory]], [[complex analysis]], and [[infinitesimal calculus]]. He introduced much of modern mathematical terminology and [[Mathematical notation\|notation]], including the notion of a [[mathematical function]].{{sfn\|Dunham\|1999\|p=17}} He is also known for his work in [[mechanics]], [[fluid dynamics]], [[optics]], [[astronomy]], and [[music theory]].<ref name=":0" />		'''Leonhard Euler''' ({{IPAc-en\|ˈ\|ɔɪ\|l\|ər}} {{respell\|OY\|lər}};{{efn\|The pronunciation {{IPAc-en\|ˈ\|juː\|l\|ər}} {{respell\|YOO\|lər}} is considered incorrect.<ref name="oxford"/><ref name="merriam"/><ref name="amer heritage"/><ref name="nets, puzzles"/>}} {{IPA\|de\|ˈleːɔnhaʁt ˈʔɔʏlɐ\|lang\|De-Leonhard Euler.ogg}}, {{IPA\|de-CH\|ˈleːɔnhart ˈɔʏlər\|lang}}; 15 April 1707{{spaced ndash}}18 September 1783) was a [[Old Swiss Confederacy\|Swiss]] [[mathematician]], [[physicist]], [[astronomer]], [[geographer]], [[logician]], and [[engineer]] who founded the studies of [[graph theory]] and [[topology]] and made pioneering and influential discoveries in many other branches of mathematics such as [[analytic number theory]], [[complex analysis]], and [[infinitesimal calculus]]. He introduced much of modern mathematical terminology and [[Mathematical notation\|notation]], including the notion of a [[mathematical function]].{{sfn\|Dunham\|1999\|p=17}} He is also known for his work in [[mechanics]], [[fluid dynamics]], [[optics]], [[astronomy]], and [[music theory]].<ref name=":0" />

	Euler is regarded as one of the greatest, most prolific mathematicians in history and the greatest of the 18th century. Several great mathematicians who produced their work after Euler's death have recognised his importance in the field as shown by quotes attributed to many of them: [[Pierre-Simon Laplace]] expressed Euler's influence on mathematics by stating, "Read Euler, read Euler, he is the master of us all."<ref name="Laplace"/>{{efn\|name=fn2}} [[Carl Friedrich Gauss]] wrote: "The study of Euler's works will remain the best school for the different fields of mathematics, and nothing else can replace it."<ref name="Grinstein" />{{efn\|name=fn3\|		Euler is regarded as one of the greatest, most prolific mathematicians in history and the greatest of the 18th century. Several great mathematicians who produced their work after Euler's death have recognised his importance in the field as shown by quotes attributed to many of them: [[Pierre-Simon Laplace]] expressed Euler's influence on mathematics by stating, "Read Euler, read Euler, he is the master of us all."<ref name="Laplace"/>{{efn\|name=fn2}} [[Carl Friedrich Gauss]] wrote: "The study of Euler's works will remain the best school for the different fields of mathematics, and nothing else can replace it."<ref name="Grinstein" />{{efn\|name=fn3\|

Editing678: Added FRS

2024-10-30T19:59:26Z

Added FRS

← Previous revision		Revision as of 19:59, 30 October 2024
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	\| field = {{hlist\|[[Mathematics]]\|[[Physics]]}}		\| field = {{hlist\|[[Mathematics]]\|[[Physics]]}}
	\| work_institutions = {{ubl\|[[Imperial Russian Academy of Sciences]]\|[[Prussian Academy of Sciences\|Berlin Academy]]}}		\| work_institutions = {{ubl\|[[Imperial Russian Academy of Sciences]]\|[[Prussian Academy of Sciences\|Berlin Academy]]}}
	\| education = [[University of Basel]] ([[MPhil]])		\| education = [[University of Basel]] ([[MPhil]])
	\| thesis_title = Dissertatio physica de sono (Physical dissertation on sound)		\| thesis_title = Dissertatio physica de sono (Physical dissertation on sound)
	\| thesis_url = https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/euler-works/2/		\| thesis_url = https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/euler-works/2/
Line 28:		Line 28:
	\| awards = [[Fellow of the Royal Society\|FRS]] (1747)		\| awards = [[Fellow of the Royal Society\|FRS]] (1747)
	\| signature = Euler's signature.svg		\| signature = Euler's signature.svg
			\| honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals\|size=100%\|FRS}}
	}}		}}
	'''Leonhard Euler''' ({{IPAc-en\|ˈ\|ɔɪ\|l\|ər}} {{respell\|OY\|lər}};{{efn\|The pronunciation {{IPAc-en\|ˈ\|juː\|l\|ər}} {{respell\|YOO\|lər}} is considered incorrect.<ref name="oxford"/><ref name="merriam"/><ref name="amer heritage"/><ref name="nets, puzzles"/>}} {{IPA\|de\|ˈleːɔnhaʁt ˈʔɔʏlɐ\|lang\|De-Leonhard Euler.ogg}}, {{IPA\|de-CH\|ˈleːɔnhart ˈɔʏlər\|lang}}; 15 April 1707{{spaced ndash}}18 September 1783) was a [[Old Swiss Confederacy\|Swiss]] [[mathematician]], [[physicist]], [[astronomer]], [[geographer]], [[logician]], and [[engineer]] who founded the studies of [[graph theory]] and [[topology]] and made pioneering and influential discoveries in many other branches of mathematics such as [[analytic number theory]], [[complex analysis]], and [[infinitesimal calculus]]. He introduced much of modern mathematical terminology and [[Mathematical notation\|notation]], including the notion of a [[mathematical function]].{{sfn\|Dunham\|1999\|p=17}} He is also known for his work in [[mechanics]], [[fluid dynamics]], [[optics]], [[astronomy]], and [[music theory]].<ref name=":0" />		'''Leonhard Euler''' {{post-nominals\|FRS}} ({{IPAc-en\|ˈ\|ɔɪ\|l\|ər}} {{respell\|OY\|lər}};{{efn\|The pronunciation {{IPAc-en\|ˈ\|juː\|l\|ər}} {{respell\|YOO\|lər}} is considered incorrect.<ref name="oxford"/><ref name="merriam"/><ref name="amer heritage"/><ref name="nets, puzzles"/>}} {{IPA\|de\|ˈleːɔnhaʁt ˈʔɔʏlɐ\|lang\|De-Leonhard Euler.ogg}}, {{IPA\|de-CH\|ˈleːɔnhart ˈɔʏlər\|lang}}; 15 April 1707{{spaced ndash}}18 September 1783) was a [[Old Swiss Confederacy\|Swiss]] [[mathematician]], [[physicist]], [[astronomer]], [[geographer]], [[logician]], and [[engineer]] who founded the studies of [[graph theory]] and [[topology]] and made pioneering and influential discoveries in many other branches of mathematics such as [[analytic number theory]], [[complex analysis]], and [[infinitesimal calculus]]. He introduced much of modern mathematical terminology and [[Mathematical notation\|notation]], including the notion of a [[mathematical function]].{{sfn\|Dunham\|1999\|p=17}} He is also known for his work in [[mechanics]], [[fluid dynamics]], [[optics]], [[astronomy]], and [[music theory]].<ref name=":0" />

	Euler is regarded as one of the greatest, most prolific mathematicians in history and the greatest of the 18th century. Several great mathematicians who produced their work after Euler's death have recognised his importance in the field as shown by quotes attributed to many of them: [[Pierre-Simon Laplace]] expressed Euler's influence on mathematics by stating, "Read Euler, read Euler, he is the master of us all."<ref name="Laplace"/>{{efn\|name=fn2}} [[Carl Friedrich Gauss]] wrote: "The study of Euler's works will remain the best school for the different fields of mathematics, and nothing else can replace it."<ref name="Grinstein" />{{efn\|name=fn3\|		Euler is regarded as one of the greatest, most prolific mathematicians in history and the greatest of the 18th century. Several great mathematicians who produced their work after Euler's death have recognised his importance in the field as shown by quotes attributed to many of them: [[Pierre-Simon Laplace]] expressed Euler's influence on mathematics by stating, "Read Euler, read Euler, he is the master of us all."<ref name="Laplace"/>{{efn\|name=fn2}} [[Carl Friedrich Gauss]] wrote: "The study of Euler's works will remain the best school for the different fields of mathematics, and nothing else can replace it."<ref name="Grinstein" />{{efn\|name=fn3\|

Remsense: Undid revision 1253315647 by Electricmaster (talk) no need

2024-10-25T10:36:47Z

Undid revision 1253315647 by Electricmaster (talk) no need

← Previous revision		Revision as of 10:36, 25 October 2024
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	\| signature = Euler's signature.svg		\| signature = Euler's signature.svg
	}}		}}
	'''Leonhard Euler''' ({{IPAc-en\|ˈ\|ɔɪ\|l\|ər}} {{respell\|OY\|lər}};{{efn\|The pronunciation {{IPAc-en\|ˈ\|juː\|l\|ər}} {{respell\|YOO\|lər}} is considered incorrect.<ref name="oxford"/><ref name="merriam"/><ref name="amer heritage"/><ref name="nets, puzzles"/>}} {{IPA\|de\|ˈleːɔnhaʁt ˈʔɔʏlɐ\|lang\|De-Leonhard Euler.ogg}}, {{IPA\|de-CH\|ˈleːɔnhart ˈɔʏlər\|lang}}; 15 April 1707{{spaced ndash}}18 September 1783) was a [[Old Swiss Confederacy\|Swiss]] [[mathematician]], [[physicist]], [[astronomer]], [[geographer~~]], [[Cartography\|cartographer~~]], [[logician]], and [[engineer]] who founded the studies of [[graph theory]] and [[topology]] and made pioneering and influential discoveries in many other branches of mathematics such as [[analytic number theory]], [[complex analysis]], and [[infinitesimal calculus]]. He introduced much of modern mathematical terminology and [[Mathematical notation\|notation]], including the notion of a [[mathematical function]].{{sfn\|Dunham\|1999\|p=17}} He is also known for his work in [[mechanics]], [[fluid dynamics]], [[optics]], [[astronomy]], and [[music theory]].<ref name=":0" />		'''Leonhard Euler''' ({{IPAc-en\|ˈ\|ɔɪ\|l\|ər}} {{respell\|OY\|lər}};{{efn\|The pronunciation {{IPAc-en\|ˈ\|juː\|l\|ər}} {{respell\|YOO\|lər}} is considered incorrect.<ref name="oxford"/><ref name="merriam"/><ref name="amer heritage"/><ref name="nets, puzzles"/>}} {{IPA\|de\|ˈleːɔnhaʁt ˈʔɔʏlɐ\|lang\|De-Leonhard Euler.ogg}}, {{IPA\|de-CH\|ˈleːɔnhart ˈɔʏlər\|lang}}; 15 April 1707{{spaced ndash}}18 September 1783) was a [[Old Swiss Confederacy\|Swiss]] [[mathematician]], [[physicist]], [[astronomer]], [[geographer]], [[logician]], and [[engineer]] who founded the studies of [[graph theory]] and [[topology]] and made pioneering and influential discoveries in many other branches of mathematics such as [[analytic number theory]], [[complex analysis]], and [[infinitesimal calculus]]. He introduced much of modern mathematical terminology and [[Mathematical notation\|notation]], including the notion of a [[mathematical function]].{{sfn\|Dunham\|1999\|p=17}} He is also known for his work in [[mechanics]], [[fluid dynamics]], [[optics]], [[astronomy]], and [[music theory]].<ref name=":0" />

	Euler is regarded as one of the greatest, most prolific mathematicians in history and the greatest of the 18th century. Several great mathematicians who produced their work after Euler's death have recognised his importance in the field as shown by quotes attributed to many of them: [[Pierre-Simon Laplace]] expressed Euler's influence on mathematics by stating, "Read Euler, read Euler, he is the master of us all."<ref name="Laplace"/>{{efn\|name=fn2}} [[Carl Friedrich Gauss]] wrote: "The study of Euler's works will remain the best school for the different fields of mathematics, and nothing else can replace it."<ref name="Grinstein" />{{efn\|name=fn3\|		Euler is regarded as one of the greatest, most prolific mathematicians in history and the greatest of the 18th century. Several great mathematicians who produced their work after Euler's death have recognised his importance in the field as shown by quotes attributed to many of them: [[Pierre-Simon Laplace]] expressed Euler's influence on mathematics by stating, "Read Euler, read Euler, he is the master of us all."<ref name="Laplace"/>{{efn\|name=fn2}} [[Carl Friedrich Gauss]] wrote: "The study of Euler's works will remain the best school for the different fields of mathematics, and nothing else can replace it."<ref name="Grinstein" />{{efn\|name=fn3\|
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	===Graph theory===		===Graph theory===
	[[File:Konigsberg bridges.png\|frame\|right\|Map of [[Königsberg]] in Euler's time showing the actual layout of the [[Seven Bridges of Königsberg\|seven bridges]], highlighting the river [[Pregolya\|Pregel]] and the bridges]]		[[File:Konigsberg bridges.png\|frame\|right\|Map of [[Königsberg]] in Euler's time showing the actual layout of the [[Seven Bridges of Königsberg\|seven bridges]], highlighting the river [[Pregolya\|Pregel]] and the bridges]]
	In 1735, Euler presented a solution to the problem known as the [[Seven Bridges of Königsberg]].<ref name="bridge"/> The city of [[Königsberg]], [[Kingdom of Prussia\|Prussia]], was set on the [[Pregolya\|Pregel]] River, and included two large islands that were connected to each other and the mainland by seven bridges. The problem is to decide whether it is possible to follow a path that crosses each bridge exactly once and returns to the starting point. It is not possible: there is no [[Eulerian path\|Eulerian circuit]]. This solution is considered to be the first theorem of [[graph theory]].<ref name="bridge"/>		In 1735, Euler presented a solution to the problem known as the [[Seven Bridges of Königsberg]].<ref name="bridge"/> The city of [[Königsberg]], [[Kingdom of Prussia\|Prussia]] was set on the [[Pregolya\|Pregel]] River, and included two large islands that were connected to each other and the mainland by seven bridges. The problem is to decide whether it is possible to follow a path that crosses each bridge exactly once and returns to the starting point. It is not possible: there is no [[Eulerian path\|Eulerian circuit]]. This solution is considered to be the first theorem of [[graph theory]].<ref name="bridge"/>

	Euler also discovered the [[Planar graph#Euler's formula\|formula]] <math>V - E + F = 2</math> relating the number of vertices, edges, and faces of a [[Convex polytope\|convex polyhedron]],{{sfn\|Richeson\|2012}} and hence of a [[planar graph]]. The constant in this formula is now known as the [[Euler characteristic]] for the graph (or other mathematical object), and is related to the [[genus (mathematics)\|genus]] of the object.<ref name=gibbons/> The study and generalization of this formula, specifically by [[Augustin-Louis Cauchy\|Cauchy]]<ref name="Cauchy"/> and [[Simon Antoine Jean L'Huilier\|L'Huilier]],<ref name="Lhuillier"/> is at the origin of [[topology]].{{sfn\|Richeson\|2012}}		Euler also discovered the [[Planar graph#Euler's formula\|formula]] <math>V - E + F = 2</math> relating the number of vertices, edges, and faces of a [[Convex polytope\|convex polyhedron]],{{sfn\|Richeson\|2012}} and hence of a [[planar graph]]. The constant in this formula is now known as the [[Euler characteristic]] for the graph (or other mathematical object), and is related to the [[genus (mathematics)\|genus]] of the object.<ref name=gibbons/> The study and generalization of this formula, specifically by [[Augustin-Louis Cauchy\|Cauchy]]<ref name="Cauchy"/> and [[Simon Antoine Jean L'Huilier\|L'Huilier]],<ref name="Lhuillier"/> is at the origin of [[topology]].{{sfn\|Richeson\|2012}}
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	===Music===		===Music===
	One of Euler's more unusual interests was the application of [[Music and mathematics\|mathematical ideas in music]]. In 1739 he wrote the ''Tentamen novae theoriae musicae'' (''Attempt at a New Theory of Music''), hoping to eventually incorporate [[musical theory]] as part of mathematics. This part of his work, however, did not receive wide attention and was once described as too mathematical for musicians and too musical for mathematicians.{{sfn\|Calinger\|1996\|pp=144–145}} Even when dealing with music, Euler's approach is mainly mathematical;<ref name=pesic/> for instance, his introduction of [[binary logarithm]]s as a way of numerically describing the subdivision of [[octave]]s into fractional parts.<ref name=tegg/> His writings on music are not particularly numerous (a few hundred pages, in his total production of about thirty thousand pages), but they reflect an early preoccupation and one that remained with him throughout his life.<ref name=pesic/>		One of Euler's more unusual interests was the application of [[Music and mathematics\|mathematical ideas in music]]. In 1739 he wrote the ''Tentamen novae theoriae musicae'' (''Attempt at a New Theory of Music''), hoping to eventually incorporate [[musical theory]] as part of mathematics. This part of his work, however, did not receive wide attention and was once described as too mathematical for musicians and too musical for mathematicians.{{sfn\|Calinger\|1996\|pp=144–145}} Even when dealing with music, Euler's approach is mainly mathematical,<ref name=pesic/> for instance, his introduction of [[binary logarithm]]s as a way of numerically describing the subdivision of [[octave]]s into fractional parts.<ref name=tegg/> His writings on music are not particularly numerous (a few hundred pages, in his total production of about thirty thousand pages), but they reflect an early preoccupation and one that remained with him throughout his life.<ref name=pesic/>

	A first point of Euler's musical theory is the definition of "genres", i.e. of possible divisions of the octave using the prime numbers 3 and 5. Euler describes 18 such genres, with the general definition 2<sup>m</sup>A, where A is the "exponent" of the genre (i.e. the sum of the exponents of 3 and 5) and 2<sup>m</sup> (where "m is an indefinite number, small or large, so long as the sounds are perceptible"{{sfn\|Euler\|1739\|p=115}}), expresses that the relation holds independently of the number of octaves concerned. The first genre, with A = 1, is the octave itself (or its duplicates); the second genre, 2<sup>m</sup>.3, is the octave divided by the fifth (fifth + fourth, C–G–C); the third genre is 2<sup>m</sup>.5, major third + minor sixth (C–E–C); the fourth is 2<sup>m</sup>.3<sup>2</sup>, two-fourths and a tone (C–F–B{{music\|b}}–C); the fifth is 2<sup>m</sup>.3.5 (C–E–G–B–C); etc. Genres 12 (2<sup>m</sup>.3<sup>3</sup>.5), 13 (2<sup>m</sup>.3<sup>2</sup>.5<sup>2</sup>) and 14 (2<sup>m</sup>.3.5<sup>3</sup>) are corrected versions of the [[Genus (music)\|diatonic, chromatic and enharmonic]], respectively, of the Ancients. Genre 18 (2<sup>m</sup>.3<sup>3</sup>.5<sup>2</sup>) is the "diatonico-chromatic", "used generally in all compositions",<ref name=emery/> and which turns out to be identical with the system described by [[Johann Mattheson]].<ref name=mattheson/> Euler later envisaged the possibility of describing genres including the prime number 7.<ref name=perret/>		A first point of Euler's musical theory is the definition of "genres", i.e. of possible divisions of the octave using the prime numbers 3 and 5. Euler describes 18 such genres, with the general definition 2<sup>m</sup>A, where A is the "exponent" of the genre (i.e. the sum of the exponents of 3 and 5) and 2<sup>m</sup> (where "m is an indefinite number, small or large, so long as the sounds are perceptible"{{sfn\|Euler\|1739\|p=115}}), expresses that the relation holds independently of the number of octaves concerned. The first genre, with A = 1, is the octave itself (or its duplicates); the second genre, 2<sup>m</sup>.3, is the octave divided by the fifth (fifth + fourth, C–G–C); the third genre is 2<sup>m</sup>.5, major third + minor sixth (C–E–C); the fourth is 2<sup>m</sup>.3<sup>2</sup>, two-fourths and a tone (C–F–B{{music\|b}}–C); the fifth is 2<sup>m</sup>.3.5 (C–E–G–B–C); etc. Genres 12 (2<sup>m</sup>.3<sup>3</sup>.5), 13 (2<sup>m</sup>.3<sup>2</sup>.5<sup>2</sup>) and 14 (2<sup>m</sup>.3.5<sup>3</sup>) are corrected versions of the [[Genus (music)\|diatonic, chromatic and enharmonic]], respectively, of the Ancients. Genre 18 (2<sup>m</sup>.3<sup>3</sup>.5<sup>2</sup>) is the "diatonico-chromatic", "used generally in all compositions",<ref name=emery/> and which turns out to be identical with the system described by [[Johann Mattheson]].<ref name=mattheson/> Euler later envisaged the possibility of describing genres including the prime number 7.<ref name=perret/>

← Previous revision		Revision as of 06:14, 6 November 2024
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	'''Leonhard Euler''' ({{IPAc-en\|ˈ\|ɔɪ\|l\|ər}} {{respell\|OY\|lər}};{{efn\|The pronunciation {{IPAc-en\|ˈ\|juː\|l\|ər}} {{respell\|YOO\|lər}} is considered incorrect.<ref name="oxford"/><ref name="merriam"/><ref name="amer heritage"/><ref name="nets, puzzles"/>}} {{IPA\|de\|ˈleːɔnhaʁt ˈʔɔʏlɐ\|lang\|De-Leonhard Euler.ogg}}, {{IPA\|de-CH\|ˈleːɔnhart ˈɔʏlər\|lang}}; 15 April 1707{{spaced ndash}}18 September 1783) was a [[Old Swiss Confederacy\|Swiss]] [[mathematician]], [[physicist]], [[astronomer]], [[geographer]], [[logician]], and [[engineer]] who founded the studies of [[graph theory]] and [[topology]] and made pioneering and influential discoveries in many other branches of mathematics such as [[analytic number theory]], [[complex analysis]], and [[infinitesimal calculus]]. He introduced much of modern mathematical terminology and [[Mathematical notation\|notation]], including the notion of a [[mathematical function]].{{sfn\|Dunham\|1999\|p=17}} He is also known for his work in [[mechanics]], [[fluid dynamics]], [[optics]], [[astronomy]], and [[music theory]].<ref name=":0" />		'''Leonhard Euler''' ({{IPAc-en\|ˈ\|ɔɪ\|l\|ər}} {{respell\|OY\|lər}};{{efn\|The pronunciation {{IPAc-en\|ˈ\|juː\|l\|ər}} {{respell\|YOO\|lər}} is considered incorrect.<ref name="oxford"/><ref name="merriam"/><ref name="amer heritage"/><ref name="nets, puzzles"/>}} {{IPA\|de\|ˈleːɔnhaʁt ˈʔɔʏlɐ\|lang\|De-Leonhard Euler.ogg}}, {{IPA\|de-CH\|ˈleːɔnhart ˈɔʏlər\|lang}}; 15 April 1707{{spaced ndash}}18 September 1783) was a [[Old Swiss Confederacy\|Swiss]] [[mathematician]], [[physicist]], [[astronomer]], [[geographer]], [[logician]], and [[engineer]] who founded the studies of [[graph theory]] and [[topology]] and made pioneering and influential discoveries in many other branches of mathematics such as [[analytic number theory]], [[complex analysis]], and [[infinitesimal calculus]]. He introduced much of modern mathematical terminology and [[Mathematical notation\|notation]], including the notion of a [[mathematical function]].{{sfn\|Dunham\|1999\|p=17}} He is also known for his work in [[mechanics]], [[fluid dynamics]], [[optics]], [[astronomy]], and [[music theory]].<ref name=":0" />

	Euler is regarded as one of the greatest, most prolific ~~and blind~~ mathematicians in history and the greatest of the 18th century. Several great mathematicians who produced their work after Euler's death have recognised his importance in the field as shown by quotes attributed to many of them: [[Pierre-Simon Laplace]] expressed Euler's influence on mathematics by stating, "Read Euler, read Euler, he is the master of us all."<ref name="Laplace"/>{{efn\|name=fn2}} [[Carl Friedrich Gauss]] wrote: "The study of Euler's works will remain the best school for the different fields of mathematics, and nothing else can replace it."<ref name="Grinstein" />{{efn\|name=fn3\|		Euler is regarded as one of the greatest, most prolific mathematicians in history and the greatest of the 18th century. Several great mathematicians who produced their work after Euler's death have recognised his importance in the field as shown by quotes attributed to many of them: [[Pierre-Simon Laplace]] expressed Euler's influence on mathematics by stating, "Read Euler, read Euler, he is the master of us all."<ref name="Laplace"/>{{efn\|name=fn2}} [[Carl Friedrich Gauss]] wrote: "The study of Euler's works will remain the best school for the different fields of mathematics, and nothing else can replace it."<ref name="Grinstein" />{{efn\|name=fn3\|
	This quote appeared in a letter from Gauss to [[Paul Fuss]] dated September 11, 1849:{{r\|fussletter}} "{{lang\|de\|Die besondere Herausgabe der kleinern Eulerschen Abhandlungen ist gewiß etwas höchst verdienstliches, [...] und das Studium aller Eulerschen Arbeiten doch stets die beste durch nichts anderes zu ersetzende Schule für die verschiedenen mathematischen Gebiete bleiben wird.}}" [The special publication of the smaller Euler treatises is certainly something highly deserving, [...] and the study of all Euler's works will always remain the best school for the various mathematical fields, which cannot be replaced by anything else.]}} His 866 publications and his correspondence are being collected in the ''[[Opera Omnia Leonhard Euler]]'' which, when completed, will consist of 81 ''[[quarto]]s''.<ref name="ivb"/><ref name="series ii done"/>{{sfn\|Gautschi\|2008\|p=3}} He spent most of his adult life in [[Saint Petersburg]], Russia, and in [[Berlin]], then the capital of [[Kingdom of Prussia\|Prussia]].		This quote appeared in a letter from Gauss to [[Paul Fuss]] dated September 11, 1849:{{r\|fussletter}} "{{lang\|de\|Die besondere Herausgabe der kleinern Eulerschen Abhandlungen ist gewiß etwas höchst verdienstliches, [...] und das Studium aller Eulerschen Arbeiten doch stets die beste durch nichts anderes zu ersetzende Schule für die verschiedenen mathematischen Gebiete bleiben wird.}}" [The special publication of the smaller Euler treatises is certainly something highly deserving, [...] and the study of all Euler's works will always remain the best school for the various mathematical fields, which cannot be replaced by anything else.]}} His 866 publications and his correspondence are being collected in the ''[[Opera Omnia Leonhard Euler]]'' which, when completed, will consist of 81 ''[[quarto]]s''.<ref name="ivb"/><ref name="series ii done"/>{{sfn\|Gautschi\|2008\|p=3}} He spent most of his adult life in [[Saint Petersburg]], Russia, and in [[Berlin]], then the capital of [[Kingdom of Prussia\|Prussia]].

← Previous revision		Revision as of 06:11, 6 November 2024
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	'''Leonhard Euler''' ({{IPAc-en\|ˈ\|ɔɪ\|l\|ər}} {{respell\|OY\|lər}};{{efn\|The pronunciation {{IPAc-en\|ˈ\|juː\|l\|ər}} {{respell\|YOO\|lər}} is considered incorrect.<ref name="oxford"/><ref name="merriam"/><ref name="amer heritage"/><ref name="nets, puzzles"/>}} {{IPA\|de\|ˈleːɔnhaʁt ˈʔɔʏlɐ\|lang\|De-Leonhard Euler.ogg}}, {{IPA\|de-CH\|ˈleːɔnhart ˈɔʏlər\|lang}}; 15 April 1707{{spaced ndash}}18 September 1783) was a [[Old Swiss Confederacy\|Swiss]] [[mathematician]], [[physicist]], [[astronomer]], [[geographer]], [[logician]], and [[engineer]] who founded the studies of [[graph theory]] and [[topology]] and made pioneering and influential discoveries in many other branches of mathematics such as [[analytic number theory]], [[complex analysis]], and [[infinitesimal calculus]]. He introduced much of modern mathematical terminology and [[Mathematical notation\|notation]], including the notion of a [[mathematical function]].{{sfn\|Dunham\|1999\|p=17}} He is also known for his work in [[mechanics]], [[fluid dynamics]], [[optics]], [[astronomy]], and [[music theory]].<ref name=":0" />		'''Leonhard Euler''' ({{IPAc-en\|ˈ\|ɔɪ\|l\|ər}} {{respell\|OY\|lər}};{{efn\|The pronunciation {{IPAc-en\|ˈ\|juː\|l\|ər}} {{respell\|YOO\|lər}} is considered incorrect.<ref name="oxford"/><ref name="merriam"/><ref name="amer heritage"/><ref name="nets, puzzles"/>}} {{IPA\|de\|ˈleːɔnhaʁt ˈʔɔʏlɐ\|lang\|De-Leonhard Euler.ogg}}, {{IPA\|de-CH\|ˈleːɔnhart ˈɔʏlər\|lang}}; 15 April 1707{{spaced ndash}}18 September 1783) was a [[Old Swiss Confederacy\|Swiss]] [[mathematician]], [[physicist]], [[astronomer]], [[geographer]], [[logician]], and [[engineer]] who founded the studies of [[graph theory]] and [[topology]] and made pioneering and influential discoveries in many other branches of mathematics such as [[analytic number theory]], [[complex analysis]], and [[infinitesimal calculus]]. He introduced much of modern mathematical terminology and [[Mathematical notation\|notation]], including the notion of a [[mathematical function]].{{sfn\|Dunham\|1999\|p=17}} He is also known for his work in [[mechanics]], [[fluid dynamics]], [[optics]], [[astronomy]], and [[music theory]].<ref name=":0" />

	Euler is regarded as one of the greatest, most prolific mathematicians in history and the greatest of the 18th century. Several great mathematicians who produced their work after Euler's death have recognised his importance in the field as shown by quotes attributed to many of them: [[Pierre-Simon Laplace]] expressed Euler's influence on mathematics by stating, "Read Euler, read Euler, he is the master of us all."<ref name="Laplace"/>{{efn\|name=fn2}} [[Carl Friedrich Gauss]] wrote: "The study of Euler's works will remain the best school for the different fields of mathematics, and nothing else can replace it."<ref name="Grinstein" />{{efn\|name=fn3\|		Euler is regarded as one of the greatest, most prolific and blind mathematicians in history and the greatest of the 18th century. Several great mathematicians who produced their work after Euler's death have recognised his importance in the field as shown by quotes attributed to many of them: [[Pierre-Simon Laplace]] expressed Euler's influence on mathematics by stating, "Read Euler, read Euler, he is the master of us all."<ref name="Laplace"/>{{efn\|name=fn2}} [[Carl Friedrich Gauss]] wrote: "The study of Euler's works will remain the best school for the different fields of mathematics, and nothing else can replace it."<ref name="Grinstein" />{{efn\|name=fn3\|
	This quote appeared in a letter from Gauss to [[Paul Fuss]] dated September 11, 1849:{{r\|fussletter}} "{{lang\|de\|Die besondere Herausgabe der kleinern Eulerschen Abhandlungen ist gewiß etwas höchst verdienstliches, [...] und das Studium aller Eulerschen Arbeiten doch stets die beste durch nichts anderes zu ersetzende Schule für die verschiedenen mathematischen Gebiete bleiben wird.}}" [The special publication of the smaller Euler treatises is certainly something highly deserving, [...] and the study of all Euler's works will always remain the best school for the various mathematical fields, which cannot be replaced by anything else.]}} His 866 publications and his correspondence are being collected in the ''[[Opera Omnia Leonhard Euler]]'' which, when completed, will consist of 81 ''[[quarto]]s''.<ref name="ivb"/><ref name="series ii done"/>{{sfn\|Gautschi\|2008\|p=3}} He spent most of his adult life in [[Saint Petersburg]], Russia, and in [[Berlin]], then the capital of [[Kingdom of Prussia\|Prussia]].		This quote appeared in a letter from Gauss to [[Paul Fuss]] dated September 11, 1849:{{r\|fussletter}} "{{lang\|de\|Die besondere Herausgabe der kleinern Eulerschen Abhandlungen ist gewiß etwas höchst verdienstliches, [...] und das Studium aller Eulerschen Arbeiten doch stets die beste durch nichts anderes zu ersetzende Schule für die verschiedenen mathematischen Gebiete bleiben wird.}}" [The special publication of the smaller Euler treatises is certainly something highly deserving, [...] and the study of all Euler's works will always remain the best school for the various mathematical fields, which cannot be replaced by anything else.]}} His 866 publications and his correspondence are being collected in the ''[[Opera Omnia Leonhard Euler]]'' which, when completed, will consist of 81 ''[[quarto]]s''.<ref name="ivb"/><ref name="series ii done"/>{{sfn\|Gautschi\|2008\|p=3}} He spent most of his adult life in [[Saint Petersburg]], Russia, and in [[Berlin]], then the capital of [[Kingdom of Prussia\|Prussia]].