Manisa - Revision history

176.220.249.76 at 17:43, 17 December 2024

2024-12-17T17:43:16Z

← Previous revision		Revision as of 17:43, 17 December 2024
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	[[File:Taş_Fabrika.jpg\|thumb\|Stone Factory in Manisa]]		[[File:Taş_Fabrika.jpg\|thumb\|Stone Factory in Manisa]]
	'''Manisa''' ({{IPA\|tr\|maˈnisa}})~~, historically known as '''Magnesia''',~~ is a city in Turkey's [[Aegean Region]] and the administrative seat of [[Manisa Province]], lying approximately 40 km northeast of the major city of [[İzmir]]. The city forms the urban part of the districts [[Şehzadeler]] and [[Yunusemre]], with a population of 385,452 in 2022.<ref name=citypop/>		'''Manisa''' ({{IPA\|tr\|maˈnisa}}) is a city in Turkey's [[Aegean Region]] and the administrative seat of [[Manisa Province]], lying approximately 40 km northeast of the major city of [[İzmir]]. The city forms the urban part of the districts [[Şehzadeler]] and [[Yunusemre]], with a population of 385,452 in 2022.<ref name=citypop/>

	Modern Manisa is a booming center of industry and services, advantaged by its closeness to the international port city and the regional metropolitan center of [[İzmir]] and by its fertile [[hinterland]] rich in quantity and variety of agricultural production. In fact, İzmir's proximity also adds a particular dimension to all aspects of life's pace in Manisa in the form of a dense traffic of daily commuters between the two cities, separated as they are by a half-hour drive served by a fine six-lane highway nevertheless requiring attention at all times due to its curves and the rapid ascent (sea-level to more than 500 meters at Sabuncubeli Pass) across [[Mount Sipylus]]'s mythic scenery.		Modern Manisa is a booming center of industry and services, advantaged by its closeness to the international port city and the regional metropolitan center of [[İzmir]] and by its fertile [[hinterland]] rich in quantity and variety of agricultural production. In fact, İzmir's proximity also adds a particular dimension to all aspects of life's pace in Manisa in the form of a dense traffic of daily commuters between the two cities, separated as they are by a half-hour drive served by a fine six-lane highway nevertheless requiring attention at all times due to its curves and the rapid ascent (sea-level to more than 500 meters at Sabuncubeli Pass) across [[Mount Sipylus]]'s mythic scenery.

Citation bot: Altered isbn. Removed access-date with no URL. Upgrade ISBN10 to 13. | Use this bot. Report bugs. | Suggested by Neko-chan | Category:CS1 errors: access-date without URL | #UCB_Category 42/56

2024-12-11T15:57:20Z

Altered isbn. Removed access-date with no URL. Upgrade ISBN10 to 13. | Use this bot. Report bugs. | Suggested by Neko-chan | Category:CS1 errors: access-date without URL | #UCB_Category 42/56

← Previous revision		Revision as of 15:57, 11 December 2024
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	[[File:KybeleManisa.JPG\|thumb\|[[Hittites\|Hittite]]–[[Luwians\|Luwian]] rock carving of Cybele in [[Mount Sipylus]] (13th century BC).]]		[[File:KybeleManisa.JPG\|thumb\|[[Hittites\|Hittite]]–[[Luwians\|Luwian]] rock carving of Cybele in [[Mount Sipylus]] (13th century BC).]]

	Historically, the city was also called ''Magnesia'', and more precisely as [[Magnesia ad Sipylum]], to distinguish it from [[Magnesia on the Maeander]] at a relatively short distance to the south. Traditional view held that the name "Magnesia" is derived from the tribe of [[Magnetes]] who would have immigrated here from [[Thessaly]] at the dawn of the region's recorded history.<ref>{{cite book \|last1=Freely \|first1=John \|title=A travel guide to Homer: on the trail of Odysseus through Turkey and the Mediterranean \|date=2014 \|publisher=I.B. Tauris \|location=London \|isbn=~~0857734946 \|access~~-~~date=6 December 2024~~ \|quote=Magnesia ad Sipylum, was north-east of Smyrna under Mt Sipylus; [...] The founders of these two cities were said to be Aeolians from Magnesia in northern Greece, the so-called Magnetes...}}</ref> A connection with native [[Anatolian languages]] has also been suggested, particularly on the basis of discoveries made in the [[Hittites\|Hittite]] archives.{{cn\|date=June 2023}} The name is rendered as Μαγνησία in ancient and modern [[Greek language]].		Historically, the city was also called ''Magnesia'', and more precisely as [[Magnesia ad Sipylum]], to distinguish it from [[Magnesia on the Maeander]] at a relatively short distance to the south. Traditional view held that the name "Magnesia" is derived from the tribe of [[Magnetes]] who would have immigrated here from [[Thessaly]] at the dawn of the region's recorded history.<ref>{{cite book \|last1=Freely \|first1=John \|title=A travel guide to Homer: on the trail of Odysseus through Turkey and the Mediterranean \|date=2014 \|publisher=I.B. Tauris \|location=London \|isbn=978-0857734945 \|quote=Magnesia ad Sipylum, was north-east of Smyrna under Mt Sipylus; [...] The founders of these two cities were said to be Aeolians from Magnesia in northern Greece, the so-called Magnetes...}}</ref> A connection with native [[Anatolian languages]] has also been suggested, particularly on the basis of discoveries made in the [[Hittites\|Hittite]] archives.{{cn\|date=June 2023}} The name is rendered as Μαγνησία in ancient and modern [[Greek language]].

	The name "Magnesia ad Sipylus" refers to [[Mount Sipylus]] (Mount Spil) that towers over the city and Magnesia became a city of importance starting with the [[Roman Republic\|Roman]] dominion, particularly after the 190 BC [[Battle of Magnesia]]. The names "Sipylus" or "Sipylum" in reference to a settlement here are also encountered in some sources, again in reference to the mountain and as abbreviated forms. [[Pliny the Elder]], supported by other sources, mentions that formerly in the same place was a very celebrated city which was called "Tantalis" <ref>{{cite book \| title = History of Art In Phrygia, Lydia, Caria And Lycia \| page=62 \| isbn=978-1-4067-0883-7\|author= George Perrot \|publisher=Marton Press\|year= 2007\|language= fr, en}}</ref> or "the city of [[Tantalus]]" whose ruins were still visible around his time.<ref>{{cite book \| title = Pausanias, and other Greek sketches, later retitled Pausanias's Description of Greece\| isbn=978-1-4286-4922-4\|author= James George Frazer\|author-link= James George Frazer\|publisher=[[Kessinger Publishing Company]]\|orig-date= 1900\|year=1965}}</ref>		The name "Magnesia ad Sipylus" refers to [[Mount Sipylus]] (Mount Spil) that towers over the city and Magnesia became a city of importance starting with the [[Roman Republic\|Roman]] dominion, particularly after the 190 BC [[Battle of Magnesia]]. The names "Sipylus" or "Sipylum" in reference to a settlement here are also encountered in some sources, again in reference to the mountain and as abbreviated forms. [[Pliny the Elder]], supported by other sources, mentions that formerly in the same place was a very celebrated city which was called "Tantalis" <ref>{{cite book \| title = History of Art In Phrygia, Lydia, Caria And Lycia \| page=62 \| isbn=978-1-4067-0883-7\|author= George Perrot \|publisher=Marton Press\|year= 2007\|language= fr, en}}</ref> or "the city of [[Tantalus]]" whose ruins were still visible around his time.<ref>{{cite book \| title = Pausanias, and other Greek sketches, later retitled Pausanias's Description of Greece\| isbn=978-1-4286-4922-4\|author= James George Frazer\|author-link= James George Frazer\|publisher=[[Kessinger Publishing Company]]\|orig-date= 1900\|year=1965}}</ref>

Kotskokos: /* Name and etymology */ added reference

2024-12-06T20:27:14Z

Name and etymology: added reference

← Previous revision		Revision as of 20:27, 6 December 2024
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	[[File:KybeleManisa.JPG\|thumb\|[[Hittites\|Hittite]]–[[Luwians\|Luwian]] rock carving of Cybele in [[Mount Sipylus]] (13th century BC).]]		[[File:KybeleManisa.JPG\|thumb\|[[Hittites\|Hittite]]–[[Luwians\|Luwian]] rock carving of Cybele in [[Mount Sipylus]] (13th century BC).]]

	Historically, the city was also called ''Magnesia'', and more precisely as [[Magnesia ad Sipylum]], to distinguish it from [[Magnesia on the Maeander]] at a relatively short distance to the south. Traditional view held that the name "Magnesia" derived from the tribe of [[Magnetes]] who would have immigrated here from [[Thessaly]] at the dawn of the region's recorded history.{{cn\|date=~~June~~ ~~2023~~}} A connection with native [[Anatolian languages]] has also been suggested, particularly on the basis of discoveries made in the [[Hittites\|Hittite]] archives.{{cn\|date=June 2023}} The name is rendered as Μαγνησία in ancient and modern [[Greek language]].		Historically, the city was also called ''Magnesia'', and more precisely as [[Magnesia ad Sipylum]], to distinguish it from [[Magnesia on the Maeander]] at a relatively short distance to the south. Traditional view held that the name "Magnesia" is derived from the tribe of [[Magnetes]] who would have immigrated here from [[Thessaly]] at the dawn of the region's recorded history.<ref>{{cite book \|last1=Freely \|first1=John \|title=A travel guide to Homer: on the trail of Odysseus through Turkey and the Mediterranean \|date=2014 \|publisher=I.B. Tauris \|location=London \|isbn=0857734946 \|access-date=6 December 2024 \|quote=Magnesia ad Sipylum, was north-east of Smyrna under Mt Sipylus; [...] The founders of these two cities were said to be Aeolians from Magnesia in northern Greece, the so-called Magnetes...}}</ref> A connection with native [[Anatolian languages]] has also been suggested, particularly on the basis of discoveries made in the [[Hittites\|Hittite]] archives.{{cn\|date=June 2023}} The name is rendered as Μαγνησία in ancient and modern [[Greek language]].

	The name "Magnesia ad Sipylus" refers to [[Mount Sipylus]] (Mount Spil) that towers over the city and Magnesia became a city of importance starting with the [[Roman Republic\|Roman]] dominion, particularly after the 190 BC [[Battle of Magnesia]]. The names "Sipylus" or "Sipylum" in reference to a settlement here are also encountered in some sources, again in reference to the mountain and as abbreviated forms. [[Pliny the Elder]], supported by other sources, mentions that formerly in the same place was a very celebrated city which was called "Tantalis" <ref>{{cite book \| title = History of Art In Phrygia, Lydia, Caria And Lycia \| page=62 \| isbn=978-1-4067-0883-7\|author= George Perrot \|publisher=Marton Press\|year= 2007\|language= fr, en}}</ref> or "the city of [[Tantalus]]" whose ruins were still visible around his time.<ref>{{cite book \| title = Pausanias, and other Greek sketches, later retitled Pausanias's Description of Greece\| isbn=978-1-4286-4922-4\|author= James George Frazer\|author-link= James George Frazer\|publisher=[[Kessinger Publishing Company]]\|orig-date= 1900\|year=1965}}</ref>		The name "Magnesia ad Sipylus" refers to [[Mount Sipylus]] (Mount Spil) that towers over the city and Magnesia became a city of importance starting with the [[Roman Republic\|Roman]] dominion, particularly after the 190 BC [[Battle of Magnesia]]. The names "Sipylus" or "Sipylum" in reference to a settlement here are also encountered in some sources, again in reference to the mountain and as abbreviated forms. [[Pliny the Elder]], supported by other sources, mentions that formerly in the same place was a very celebrated city which was called "Tantalis" <ref>{{cite book \| title = History of Art In Phrygia, Lydia, Caria And Lycia \| page=62 \| isbn=978-1-4067-0883-7\|author= George Perrot \|publisher=Marton Press\|year= 2007\|language= fr, en}}</ref> or "the city of [[Tantalus]]" whose ruins were still visible around his time.<ref>{{cite book \| title = Pausanias, and other Greek sketches, later retitled Pausanias's Description of Greece\| isbn=978-1-4286-4922-4\|author= James George Frazer\|author-link= James George Frazer\|publisher=[[Kessinger Publishing Company]]\|orig-date= 1900\|year=1965}}</ref>

Discospinster: comments about article go on the talk page

2024-12-03T01:48:24Z

comments about article go on the talk page

← Previous revision		Revision as of 01:48, 3 December 2024
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	=== Hellenistic, Roman and Byzantine periods ===		=== Hellenistic, Roman and Byzantine periods ===
	[[File:Archaeological_Museum_of_Manisa,_Turkey_(32005605531).jpg\|thumb\|Roman artifacts in [[Archaeological Museum of Manisa]]]]		[[File:Archaeological_Museum_of_Manisa,_Turkey_(32005605531).jpg\|thumb\|Roman artifacts in [[Archaeological Museum of Manisa]]]]
	~~(Missing Hellenistic Era description)~~ In [[classical antiquity]], Romans knew the city as [[Magnesia ad Sipylum]]. There, in 190 BC, forces of the [[Roman Republic]] defeated the Seleucid king [[Antiochus the Great]] in the [[Battle of Magnesia]]. Magnesia ad Sipylum became a city of importance under Roman rule, and though nearly destroyed by an earthquake in the reign of [[Tiberius]] (Roman Emperor from 14 AD to 37 AD), was restored by that emperor and flourished through the period of the Roman empire.		In [[classical antiquity]], Romans knew the city as [[Magnesia ad Sipylum]]. There, in 190 BC, forces of the [[Roman Republic]] defeated the Seleucid king [[Antiochus the Great]] in the [[Battle of Magnesia]]. Magnesia ad Sipylum became a city of importance under Roman rule, and though nearly destroyed by an earthquake in the reign of [[Tiberius]] (Roman Emperor from 14 AD to 37 AD), was restored by that emperor and flourished through the period of the Roman empire.

	In 1076 the [[Byzantine Empire]] lost the city to the [[Seljuks]] in the aftermath of the 1071 [[Battle of Manzikert]].The subsequent [[First Crusade\|Crusader]] victory at the [[Battle of Dorylaeum (1097)]] allowed the Byzantine Emperor [[Alexios I]] to recover Magnesia. It was an important regional centre under Byzantine rule, and during the 13th-century interlude of the [[Empire of Nicea]] of 1204 to 1261. Magnesia housed the Imperial mint, the Imperial treasury, and served as the functional capital of the Empire of Nicea until the recovery of [[Constantinople]] in 1261.<ref>		In 1076 the [[Byzantine Empire]] lost the city to the [[Seljuks]] in the aftermath of the 1071 [[Battle of Manzikert]].The subsequent [[First Crusade\|Crusader]] victory at the [[Battle of Dorylaeum (1097)]] allowed the Byzantine Emperor [[Alexios I]] to recover Magnesia. It was an important regional centre under Byzantine rule, and during the 13th-century interlude of the [[Empire of Nicea]] of 1204 to 1261. Magnesia housed the Imperial mint, the Imperial treasury, and served as the functional capital of the Empire of Nicea until the recovery of [[Constantinople]] in 1261.<ref>

96.253.89.184: /* Requires Hellenistic period description*/

2024-12-03T01:47:45Z

Requires Hellenistic period description

← Previous revision		Revision as of 01:47, 3 December 2024
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	=== Hellenistic, Roman and Byzantine periods ===		=== Hellenistic, Roman and Byzantine periods ===
	[[File:Archaeological_Museum_of_Manisa,_Turkey_(32005605531).jpg\|thumb\|Roman artifacts in [[Archaeological Museum of Manisa]]]]		[[File:Archaeological_Museum_of_Manisa,_Turkey_(32005605531).jpg\|thumb\|Roman artifacts in [[Archaeological Museum of Manisa]]]]
	In [[classical antiquity]], Romans knew the city as [[Magnesia ad Sipylum]]. There, in 190 BC, forces of the [[Roman Republic]] defeated the Seleucid king [[Antiochus the Great]] in the [[Battle of Magnesia]]. Magnesia ad Sipylum became a city of importance under Roman rule, and though nearly destroyed by an earthquake in the reign of [[Tiberius]] (Roman Emperor from 14 AD to 37 AD), was restored by that emperor and flourished through the period of the Roman empire.		(Missing Hellenistic Era description) In [[classical antiquity]], Romans knew the city as [[Magnesia ad Sipylum]]. There, in 190 BC, forces of the [[Roman Republic]] defeated the Seleucid king [[Antiochus the Great]] in the [[Battle of Magnesia]]. Magnesia ad Sipylum became a city of importance under Roman rule, and though nearly destroyed by an earthquake in the reign of [[Tiberius]] (Roman Emperor from 14 AD to 37 AD), was restored by that emperor and flourished through the period of the Roman empire.

	In 1076 the [[Byzantine Empire]] lost the city to the [[Seljuks]] in the aftermath of the 1071 [[Battle of Manzikert]].The subsequent [[First Crusade\|Crusader]] victory at the [[Battle of Dorylaeum (1097)]] allowed the Byzantine Emperor [[Alexios I]] to recover Magnesia. It was an important regional centre under Byzantine rule, and during the 13th-century interlude of the [[Empire of Nicea]] of 1204 to 1261. Magnesia housed the Imperial mint, the Imperial treasury, and served as the functional capital of the Empire of Nicea until the recovery of [[Constantinople]] in 1261.<ref>		In 1076 the [[Byzantine Empire]] lost the city to the [[Seljuks]] in the aftermath of the 1071 [[Battle of Manzikert]].The subsequent [[First Crusade\|Crusader]] victory at the [[Battle of Dorylaeum (1097)]] allowed the Byzantine Emperor [[Alexios I]] to recover Magnesia. It was an important regional centre under Byzantine rule, and during the 13th-century interlude of the [[Empire of Nicea]] of 1204 to 1261. Magnesia housed the Imperial mint, the Imperial treasury, and served as the functional capital of the Empire of Nicea until the recovery of [[Constantinople]] in 1261.<ref>

Raven rs: /* History */

2024-11-04T23:28:23Z

History

← Previous revision		Revision as of 23:28, 4 November 2024
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	Traces of [[prehistory]] in the Manisa region, although few in number, nevertheless include two very interesting finds that shed much light on western [[Anatolia]]'s past. The first are the [[fossil]]ized footprints, numbering more than fifty and dated to around 20.000-25.000 BC, discovered in 1969 by [[Maden Tetkik Arama\|MTA]], Turkey's state body for [[mineral exploration]], in Sindel village near Manisa's depending district of [[Salihli]] and referred to under that village's name. Some of these footprints are on display today in Manisa Museum while their site of origin of Sindel, where there are also prehistoric paintings, will reportedly become Turkey's first [[geopark]] through a joint project with the [[European Commission]].		Traces of [[prehistory]] in the Manisa region, although few in number, nevertheless include two very interesting finds that shed much light on western [[Anatolia]]'s past. The first are the [[fossil]]ized footprints, numbering more than fifty and dated to around 20.000-25.000 BC, discovered in 1969 by [[Maden Tetkik Arama\|MTA]], Turkey's state body for [[mineral exploration]], in Sindel village near Manisa's depending district of [[Salihli]] and referred to under that village's name. Some of these footprints are on display today in Manisa Museum while their site of origin of Sindel, where there are also prehistoric paintings, will reportedly become Turkey's first [[geopark]] through a joint project with the [[European Commission]].

			===Early Bronze===
	The second finds are tombs contemporaneous with [[Troy II]] (3000-2500 BC) and found in the village of [[Yortan]] near [[Kırkağaç]] district center, north of Manisa. Original burial practices observed in these sepulchres led scholars to the definition of a "Yortan culture" in Anatolia's prehistory, many of whose aspects remain yet to be explored.<ref>{{cite journal\|jstor = 3642952 \| journal=Anatolian Studies \| volume=42 \|year=1992 \|pages=75–78\|title = Preliminary survey and core sampling on the Aegean coast of Turkey\|author=K. Lambrianides\|doi=10.2307/3642952\| s2cid=131663490 }}</ref>		The second finds are tombs contemporaneous with [[Troy II]] (3000-2500 BC) and found in the village of [[Yortan]] near [[Kırkağaç]] district center, north of Manisa. Original burial practices observed in these sepulchres led scholars to the definition of a "Yortan culture" in Anatolia's prehistory, many of whose aspects remain yet to be explored.<ref>{{cite journal\|jstor = 3642952 \| journal=Anatolian Studies \| volume=42 \|year=1992 \|pages=75–78\|title = Preliminary survey and core sampling on the Aegean coast of Turkey\|author=K. Lambrianides\|doi=10.2307/3642952\| s2cid=131663490 }}</ref>

Monkbot: Task 20: replace {lang-??} templates with {langx|??} ‹See Tfd› (Replaced 1);

2024-10-31T13:04:20Z

Task 20: replace {lang-??} templates with {langx|??} ‹See Tfd› (Replaced 1);

← Previous revision		Revision as of 13:04, 31 October 2024
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	[[File:CivilArchitecture ManisaTurkey.jpg\|thumb\|upright\|Example of civil architecture (1930s) in Manisa.]]		[[File:CivilArchitecture ManisaTurkey.jpg\|thumb\|upright\|Example of civil architecture (1930s) in Manisa.]]
	[[File:Akhisar_Pasha_Cami_6190.jpg\|left\|thumb\|Akhisar Pasha Mosque.]]		[[File:Akhisar_Pasha_Cami_6190.jpg\|left\|thumb\|Akhisar Pasha Mosque.]]
	The 16th century Sultan Mosque was built for [[Ayşe Hafsa Sultan]], [[Süleyman the Magnificent]]'s mother. In her honor, Mesir Festival (featuring the "[[Mesir Paste]]" ({{~~lang-~~tr\|Mesir Macunu}}), a spiced paste in the form of candy, and claimed to restore health, youth and potency, is held every year in March, in the grounds of this mosque, and is an occasion for public gathering as well as attendance by personalities of fame and prominence at national scale.		The 16th century Sultan Mosque was built for [[Ayşe Hafsa Sultan]], [[Süleyman the Magnificent]]'s mother. In her honor, Mesir Festival (featuring the "[[Mesir Paste]]" ({{langx\|tr\|Mesir Macunu}}), a spiced paste in the form of candy, and claimed to restore health, youth and potency, is held every year in March, in the grounds of this mosque, and is an occasion for public gathering as well as attendance by personalities of fame and prominence at national scale.

	The mosque is part of a large [[külliye]] - a religious complex - among whose buildings the hospital "[[darüşşifa]]" is particularly notable. Specialized in [[mental diseases]], the medical center was in activity until the beginning of the 20th century when new buildings were built within the same compound. That Turkey's only two institutions specialized on mental health were until recently located in İstanbul district of [[Bakırköy]] and in Manisa gave way in Turkey's public lore to gentle [[innuendo]]s on the challenging spirit of the natives - ''Manisalı''.		The mosque is part of a large [[külliye]] - a religious complex - among whose buildings the hospital "[[darüşşifa]]" is particularly notable. Specialized in [[mental diseases]], the medical center was in activity until the beginning of the 20th century when new buildings were built within the same compound. That Turkey's only two institutions specialized on mental health were until recently located in İstanbul district of [[Bakırköy]] and in Manisa gave way in Turkey's public lore to gentle [[innuendo]]s on the challenging spirit of the natives - ''Manisalı''.

MrBrandon15 at 17:53, 24 October 2024

2024-10-24T17:53:51Z

← Previous revision		Revision as of 17:53, 24 October 2024
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	\| leader_party = [[ Republican People's Party\|CHP]]		\| leader_party = [[ Republican People's Party\|CHP]]
	\| leader_title = Mayor		\| leader_title = Mayor
	\| leader_name = ~~[[:tr:~~Ferdi Zeyrek~~\|Ferdi Zeyrek]]~~		\| leader_name = Ferdi Zeyrek
	\| elevation_m = 71		\| elevation_m = 71
	\| population_footnotes = <ref name=citypop>{{cite web\|url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/turkey/manisa/_/1885__manisa/\|title=Manisa\|website=citypopulation.de\|access-date=26 January 2024}}</ref>		\| population_footnotes = <ref name=citypop>{{cite web\|url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/turkey/manisa/_/1885__manisa/\|title=Manisa\|website=citypopulation.de\|access-date=26 January 2024}}</ref>

109.242.133.83: /* Turkish Republic */

2024-10-23T06:57:13Z

Turkish Republic

← Previous revision		Revision as of 06:57, 23 October 2024
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	=== Turkish Republic ===		=== Turkish Republic ===
	* [[Celâl Bayar]] - politician, [[President of Turkey]] ~~3rd~~ and ~~the~~ [[Democrat Party (Turkey, 1946–1960)\|Democrat Party]] (Turkey, 1946–1960) [[Organizational founder\|founder]]		* [[Celâl Bayar]] - politician, 3rd [[President of Turkey]] and [[Democrat Party (Turkey, 1946–1960)\|Democrat Party]] (Turkey, 1946–1960) [[Organizational founder\|founder]]
	* [[Hilmi Özkök]] - General and former [[Chief of the General Staff (Turkey)\|Chief of the General Staff]] of Turkey		* [[Hilmi Özkök]] - General and former [[Chief of the General Staff (Turkey)\|Chief of the General Staff]] of Turkey
	* [[Kenan Evren]] - General, [[1980 Turkish coup d'état\|military coup]] leader and 7th [[President of Turkey]]		* [[Kenan Evren]] - General, [[1980 Turkish coup d'état\|military coup]] leader and 7th [[President of Turkey]]

109.242.133.83: Corrected party founded by Celal Bayar.

2024-10-23T06:56:43Z

Corrected party founded by Celal Bayar.

← Previous revision		Revision as of 06:56, 23 October 2024
Line 323:		Line 323:

	=== Turkish Republic ===		=== Turkish Republic ===
	* [[Celâl Bayar]] - politician, [[President of Turkey]] 3rd and [[~~Democracy~~ Party (Turkey)]] [[Organizational founder\|founder]]		* [[Celâl Bayar]] - politician, [[President of Turkey]] 3rd and the [[Democrat Party (Turkey, 1946–1960)\|Democrat Party]] (Turkey, 1946–1960) [[Organizational founder\|founder]]
	* [[Hilmi Özkök]] - General and former [[Chief of the General Staff (Turkey)\|Chief of the General Staff]] of Turkey		* [[Hilmi Özkök]] - General and former [[Chief of the General Staff (Turkey)\|Chief of the General Staff]] of Turkey
	* [[Kenan Evren]] - General, [[1980 Turkish coup d'état\|military coup]] leader and 7th [[President of Turkey]]		* [[Kenan Evren]] - General, [[1980 Turkish coup d'état\|military coup]] leader and 7th [[President of Turkey]]

← Previous revision		Revision as of 15:57, 11 December 2024
Line 49:		Line 49:
	[[File:KybeleManisa.JPG\|thumb\|[[Hittites\|Hittite]]–[[Luwians\|Luwian]] rock carving of Cybele in [[Mount Sipylus]] (13th century BC).]]		[[File:KybeleManisa.JPG\|thumb\|[[Hittites\|Hittite]]–[[Luwians\|Luwian]] rock carving of Cybele in [[Mount Sipylus]] (13th century BC).]]

	Historically, the city was also called ''Magnesia'', and more precisely as [[Magnesia ad Sipylum]], to distinguish it from [[Magnesia on the Maeander]] at a relatively short distance to the south. Traditional view held that the name "Magnesia" is derived from the tribe of [[Magnetes]] who would have immigrated here from [[Thessaly]] at the dawn of the region's recorded history.<ref>{{cite book \|last1=Freely \|first1=John \|title=A travel guide to Homer: on the trail of Odysseus through Turkey and the Mediterranean \|date=2014 \|publisher=I.B. Tauris \|location=London \|isbn=~~0857734946 \|access~~-~~date=6 December 2024~~ \|quote=Magnesia ad Sipylum, was north-east of Smyrna under Mt Sipylus; [...] The founders of these two cities were said to be Aeolians from Magnesia in northern Greece, the so-called Magnetes...}}</ref> A connection with native [[Anatolian languages]] has also been suggested, particularly on the basis of discoveries made in the [[Hittites\|Hittite]] archives.{{cn\|date=June 2023}} The name is rendered as Μαγνησία in ancient and modern [[Greek language]].		Historically, the city was also called ''Magnesia'', and more precisely as [[Magnesia ad Sipylum]], to distinguish it from [[Magnesia on the Maeander]] at a relatively short distance to the south. Traditional view held that the name "Magnesia" is derived from the tribe of [[Magnetes]] who would have immigrated here from [[Thessaly]] at the dawn of the region's recorded history.<ref>{{cite book \|last1=Freely \|first1=John \|title=A travel guide to Homer: on the trail of Odysseus through Turkey and the Mediterranean \|date=2014 \|publisher=I.B. Tauris \|location=London \|isbn=978-0857734945 \|quote=Magnesia ad Sipylum, was north-east of Smyrna under Mt Sipylus; [...] The founders of these two cities were said to be Aeolians from Magnesia in northern Greece, the so-called Magnetes...}}</ref> A connection with native [[Anatolian languages]] has also been suggested, particularly on the basis of discoveries made in the [[Hittites\|Hittite]] archives.{{cn\|date=June 2023}} The name is rendered as Μαγνησία in ancient and modern [[Greek language]].

	The name "Magnesia ad Sipylus" refers to [[Mount Sipylus]] (Mount Spil) that towers over the city and Magnesia became a city of importance starting with the [[Roman Republic\|Roman]] dominion, particularly after the 190 BC [[Battle of Magnesia]]. The names "Sipylus" or "Sipylum" in reference to a settlement here are also encountered in some sources, again in reference to the mountain and as abbreviated forms. [[Pliny the Elder]], supported by other sources, mentions that formerly in the same place was a very celebrated city which was called "Tantalis" <ref>{{cite book \| title = History of Art In Phrygia, Lydia, Caria And Lycia \| page=62 \| isbn=978-1-4067-0883-7\|author= George Perrot \|publisher=Marton Press\|year= 2007\|language= fr, en}}</ref> or "the city of [[Tantalus]]" whose ruins were still visible around his time.<ref>{{cite book \| title = Pausanias, and other Greek sketches, later retitled Pausanias's Description of Greece\| isbn=978-1-4286-4922-4\|author= James George Frazer\|author-link= James George Frazer\|publisher=[[Kessinger Publishing Company]]\|orig-date= 1900\|year=1965}}</ref>		The name "Magnesia ad Sipylus" refers to [[Mount Sipylus]] (Mount Spil) that towers over the city and Magnesia became a city of importance starting with the [[Roman Republic\|Roman]] dominion, particularly after the 190 BC [[Battle of Magnesia]]. The names "Sipylus" or "Sipylum" in reference to a settlement here are also encountered in some sources, again in reference to the mountain and as abbreviated forms. [[Pliny the Elder]], supported by other sources, mentions that formerly in the same place was a very celebrated city which was called "Tantalis" <ref>{{cite book \| title = History of Art In Phrygia, Lydia, Caria And Lycia \| page=62 \| isbn=978-1-4067-0883-7\|author= George Perrot \|publisher=Marton Press\|year= 2007\|language= fr, en}}</ref> or "the city of [[Tantalus]]" whose ruins were still visible around his time.<ref>{{cite book \| title = Pausanias, and other Greek sketches, later retitled Pausanias's Description of Greece\| isbn=978-1-4286-4922-4\|author= James George Frazer\|author-link= James George Frazer\|publisher=[[Kessinger Publishing Company]]\|orig-date= 1900\|year=1965}}</ref>

← Previous revision		Revision as of 20:27, 6 December 2024
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	[[File:KybeleManisa.JPG\|thumb\|[[Hittites\|Hittite]]–[[Luwians\|Luwian]] rock carving of Cybele in [[Mount Sipylus]] (13th century BC).]]		[[File:KybeleManisa.JPG\|thumb\|[[Hittites\|Hittite]]–[[Luwians\|Luwian]] rock carving of Cybele in [[Mount Sipylus]] (13th century BC).]]

	Historically, the city was also called ''Magnesia'', and more precisely as [[Magnesia ad Sipylum]], to distinguish it from [[Magnesia on the Maeander]] at a relatively short distance to the south. Traditional view held that the name "Magnesia" derived from the tribe of [[Magnetes]] who would have immigrated here from [[Thessaly]] at the dawn of the region's recorded history.{{cn\|date=~~June~~ ~~2023~~}} A connection with native [[Anatolian languages]] has also been suggested, particularly on the basis of discoveries made in the [[Hittites\|Hittite]] archives.{{cn\|date=June 2023}} The name is rendered as Μαγνησία in ancient and modern [[Greek language]].		Historically, the city was also called ''Magnesia'', and more precisely as [[Magnesia ad Sipylum]], to distinguish it from [[Magnesia on the Maeander]] at a relatively short distance to the south. Traditional view held that the name "Magnesia" is derived from the tribe of [[Magnetes]] who would have immigrated here from [[Thessaly]] at the dawn of the region's recorded history.<ref>{{cite book \|last1=Freely \|first1=John \|title=A travel guide to Homer: on the trail of Odysseus through Turkey and the Mediterranean \|date=2014 \|publisher=I.B. Tauris \|location=London \|isbn=0857734946 \|access-date=6 December 2024 \|quote=Magnesia ad Sipylum, was north-east of Smyrna under Mt Sipylus; [...] The founders of these two cities were said to be Aeolians from Magnesia in northern Greece, the so-called Magnetes...}}</ref> A connection with native [[Anatolian languages]] has also been suggested, particularly on the basis of discoveries made in the [[Hittites\|Hittite]] archives.{{cn\|date=June 2023}} The name is rendered as Μαγνησία in ancient and modern [[Greek language]].

	The name "Magnesia ad Sipylus" refers to [[Mount Sipylus]] (Mount Spil) that towers over the city and Magnesia became a city of importance starting with the [[Roman Republic\|Roman]] dominion, particularly after the 190 BC [[Battle of Magnesia]]. The names "Sipylus" or "Sipylum" in reference to a settlement here are also encountered in some sources, again in reference to the mountain and as abbreviated forms. [[Pliny the Elder]], supported by other sources, mentions that formerly in the same place was a very celebrated city which was called "Tantalis" <ref>{{cite book \| title = History of Art In Phrygia, Lydia, Caria And Lycia \| page=62 \| isbn=978-1-4067-0883-7\|author= George Perrot \|publisher=Marton Press\|year= 2007\|language= fr, en}}</ref> or "the city of [[Tantalus]]" whose ruins were still visible around his time.<ref>{{cite book \| title = Pausanias, and other Greek sketches, later retitled Pausanias's Description of Greece\| isbn=978-1-4286-4922-4\|author= James George Frazer\|author-link= James George Frazer\|publisher=[[Kessinger Publishing Company]]\|orig-date= 1900\|year=1965}}</ref>		The name "Magnesia ad Sipylus" refers to [[Mount Sipylus]] (Mount Spil) that towers over the city and Magnesia became a city of importance starting with the [[Roman Republic\|Roman]] dominion, particularly after the 190 BC [[Battle of Magnesia]]. The names "Sipylus" or "Sipylum" in reference to a settlement here are also encountered in some sources, again in reference to the mountain and as abbreviated forms. [[Pliny the Elder]], supported by other sources, mentions that formerly in the same place was a very celebrated city which was called "Tantalis" <ref>{{cite book \| title = History of Art In Phrygia, Lydia, Caria And Lycia \| page=62 \| isbn=978-1-4067-0883-7\|author= George Perrot \|publisher=Marton Press\|year= 2007\|language= fr, en}}</ref> or "the city of [[Tantalus]]" whose ruins were still visible around his time.<ref>{{cite book \| title = Pausanias, and other Greek sketches, later retitled Pausanias's Description of Greece\| isbn=978-1-4286-4922-4\|author= James George Frazer\|author-link= James George Frazer\|publisher=[[Kessinger Publishing Company]]\|orig-date= 1900\|year=1965}}</ref>