Michael Spence - Revision history

GreenC bot: Move 1 url. Wayback Medic 2.5 per WP:URLREQ#archive.fortune.com

2024-09-07T01:25:50Z

Move 1 url. Wayback Medic 2.5 per WP:URLREQ#archive.fortune.com

← Previous revision		Revision as of 01:25, 7 September 2024
Line 54:		Line 54:
	He is the author of three books and 50 articles, and has also been a consistent contributor to ''[[Project Syndicate]]'', an international newspaper syndicate, since 2008. Among his beliefs are that [[high-frequency trading]] should be banned.<ref name="freak">{{cite news\|url=http://freakonomics.com/2011/03/28/should-high-frequency-trading-be-banned-one-nobel-winner-thinks-so/\|title=Should High-Frequency Trading Be Banned? One Nobel Winner Thinks So\|date=March 28, 2011\|work=Freakanomics blog\|last1=Philips\|first1=Matthew}}</ref>		He is the author of three books and 50 articles, and has also been a consistent contributor to ''[[Project Syndicate]]'', an international newspaper syndicate, since 2008. Among his beliefs are that [[high-frequency trading]] should be banned.<ref name="freak">{{cite news\|url=http://freakonomics.com/2011/03/28/should-high-frequency-trading-be-banned-one-nobel-winner-thinks-so/\|title=Should High-Frequency Trading Be Banned? One Nobel Winner Thinks So\|date=March 28, 2011\|work=Freakanomics blog\|last1=Philips\|first1=Matthew}}</ref>

	Spence had both [[Bill Gates]] and [[Steve Ballmer]] in a graduate-level economics class at Harvard. In a 1999 ''Fortune'' interview, however, Gates and Ballmer admitted not attending class and passing only after cramming for four days before the final.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=~~http~~://~~archive~~.~~fortune~~.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/1999/10/25/267787/index.htm\|title=The $100 Billion Friendship In a frank chat with FORTUNE's Brent Schlender, Bill Gates and Steve Ballmer talk about their partnership and how it will shape Microsoft in the 21st century.\|date=October 25, 1999\|website=archive.fortune.com\|access-date=June 14, 2016}}</ref>		Spence had both [[Bill Gates]] and [[Steve Ballmer]] in a graduate-level economics class at Harvard. In a 1999 ''Fortune'' interview, however, Gates and Ballmer admitted not attending class and passing only after cramming for four days before the final.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/1999/10/25/267787/index.htm\|title=The $100 Billion Friendship In a frank chat with FORTUNE's Brent Schlender, Bill Gates and Steve Ballmer talk about their partnership and how it will shape Microsoft in the 21st century.\|date=October 25, 1999\|website=archive.fortune.com\|access-date=June 14, 2016}}</ref>

	==Honors and awards==		==Honors and awards==

96.69.249.93: added thesis

2024-04-22T13:37:00Z

added thesis

← Previous revision		Revision as of 13:37, 22 April 2024
Line 25:		Line 25:
	\| signature = <!-- file name only -->		\| signature = <!-- file name only -->
	\| repec_prefix = e \| repec_id = psp7		\| repec_prefix = e \| repec_id = psp7
			\| module2 =
			{{Infobox academic \| child=yes
			\| thesis_title = Market Signalling
			\| thesis_url = https://www.proquest.com/docview/302682411/
			\| thesis_year = 1972
			}}
	}}		}}

	'''Andrew Michael Spence''' (born November 7, 1943) is a Canadian-American economist and Nobel laureate.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/2001/spence/auto-biography/\|title=The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2001\|website=NobelPrize.org\|language=en-US\|access-date=2018-11-07}}</ref>		'''Andrew Michael Spence''' (born November 7, 1943) is a Canadian-American economist and Nobel laureate.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/2001/spence/auto-biography/\|title=The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2001\|website=NobelPrize.org\|language=en-US\|access-date=2018-11-07}}</ref>

Smasongarrison: Moving from Category:21st-century Canadian scientists to Category:21st-century Canadian economists Diffusing per WP:DIFFUSE and/or WP:ALLINCLUDED using Cat-a-lot

2024-02-21T04:58:27Z

Moving from Category:21st-century Canadian scientists to Category:21st-century Canadian economists Diffusing per WP:DIFFUSE and/or WP:ALLINCLUDED using Cat-a-lot

← Previous revision		Revision as of 04:58, 21 February 2024
Line 114:		Line 114:
	[[Category:Scientists from New Jersey]]		[[Category:Scientists from New Jersey]]
	[[Category:20th-century Canadian scientists]]		[[Category:20th-century Canadian scientists]]
	[[Category:21st-century Canadian ~~scientists~~]]		[[Category:21st-century Canadian economists]]
	[[Category:20th-century American scientists]]		[[Category:20th-century American scientists]]
	[[Category:21st-century American scientists]]		[[Category:21st-century American scientists]]

GreenC bot: Move 2 urls. Wayback Medic 2.5 per WP:URLREQ#Google cache

2024-02-10T21:15:09Z

Move 2 urls. Wayback Medic 2.5 per WP:URLREQ#Google cache

← Previous revision		Revision as of 21:15, 10 February 2024
Line 35:		Line 35:
	Spence is noted for his job-market [[Signaling (economics)\|signaling]] model, which inspired research into this branch of [[contract theory]]. In this model, employees signal their respective skills to employers by acquiring a certain degree of education, which is costly to them. Employers will pay higher wages to more educated employees, because they know that the proportion of employees with high abilities is higher among the educated ones, as it is less costly for them to acquire education than it is for employees with low abilities. For the model to work, it is not even necessary for education to have any intrinsic value if it can convey information about the sender (employee) to the recipient (employer) and if the signal is costly.		Spence is noted for his job-market [[Signaling (economics)\|signaling]] model, which inspired research into this branch of [[contract theory]]. In this model, employees signal their respective skills to employers by acquiring a certain degree of education, which is costly to them. Employers will pay higher wages to more educated employees, because they know that the proportion of employees with high abilities is higher among the educated ones, as it is less costly for them to acquire education than it is for employees with low abilities. For the model to work, it is not even necessary for education to have any intrinsic value if it can convey information about the sender (employee) to the recipient (employer) and if the signal is costly.

	Spence received his middle and high school education at the [[University of Toronto Schools]] of the [[University of Toronto]]. He later came back to [[Rotman School of Management]] at the [[University of Toronto]] to serve as a member of the Rotman Dean’s Advisory Board.<ref>{{Cite web\|date=2021-03-07\|title=Rotman School of Management\|url=http://~~webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache%3AYTbriIXb0WsJ%3Awww~~-2.rotman.utoronto.ca~~%2Frogermartin%2Fboard~~.htm~~+&cd=1&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=ca~~\|access-date=2021-03-07\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210307175930/http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache%3AYTbriIXb0WsJ%3Awww-2.rotman.utoronto.ca%2Frogermartin%2Fboard.htm+&cd=1&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=ca\|archive-date=2021-03-07\|url-status=~~dead~~}}</ref>		Spence received his middle and high school education at the [[University of Toronto Schools]] of the [[University of Toronto]]. He later came back to [[Rotman School of Management]] at the [[University of Toronto]] to serve as a member of the Rotman Dean’s Advisory Board.<ref>{{Cite web\|date=2021-03-07\|title=Rotman School of Management\|url=http://www-2.rotman.utoronto.ca/rogermartin/board.htm\|access-date=2021-03-07\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210307175930/http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache%3AYTbriIXb0WsJ%3Awww-2.rotman.utoronto.ca%2Frogermartin%2Fboard.htm+&cd=1&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=ca\|archive-date=2021-03-07\|url-status=live}}</ref>

	Spence attended [[Princeton University]] as an undergraduate student and graduated summa cum laude with a B.A. in philosophy in 1966, completing a senior thesis titled "Freedom and Determinism".<ref>{{Cite journal\|last=Spence\|first=Andrew Michael\|date=1966\|title=Freedom and Determinism\|url=http://dataspace.princeton.edu/jspui/handle/88435/dsp01w0892b98d}}</ref> Spence then studied at [[Magdalen College, Oxford\|Magdalen College]], [[University of Oxford]] as a [[Rhodes Scholarship\|Rhodes Scholar]], and received a B.A./M.A. in mathematics in 1968.<ref>{{Cite web\|title=Professor A. Michael Spence {{!}} Magdalen College Oxford\|url=https://www.magd.ox.ac.uk/discover-magdalen/history-of-college/famous-alumni/professor-a-michael-spence/\|website=www.magd.ox.ac.uk\|access-date=2020-05-12}}</ref> Spence then began graduate studies in economics at Harvard University with the support of a Danforth Graduate Fellowship in the fall of 1968. He received a Ph.D. in economics in 1972, completing a dissertation titled "Market signalling" under the supervision of [[Kenneth Arrow]] and [[Thomas Schelling\|Thomas C. Schelling]].<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://hollis.harvard.edu/primo-explore/fulldisplay?context=L&vid=HVD2&search_scope=everything&tab=everything&lang=en_US&docid=01HVD_ALMA211904693260003941\|website=hollis.harvard.edu\|access-date=2020-05-12}}</ref> Spence was awarded the David A. Wells Prize for outstanding doctoral dissertation in 1972.		Spence attended [[Princeton University]] as an undergraduate student and graduated summa cum laude with a B.A. in philosophy in 1966, completing a senior thesis titled "Freedom and Determinism".<ref>{{Cite journal\|last=Spence\|first=Andrew Michael\|date=1966\|title=Freedom and Determinism\|url=http://dataspace.princeton.edu/jspui/handle/88435/dsp01w0892b98d}}</ref> Spence then studied at [[Magdalen College, Oxford\|Magdalen College]], [[University of Oxford]] as a [[Rhodes Scholarship\|Rhodes Scholar]], and received a B.A./M.A. in mathematics in 1968.<ref>{{Cite web\|title=Professor A. Michael Spence {{!}} Magdalen College Oxford\|url=https://www.magd.ox.ac.uk/discover-magdalen/history-of-college/famous-alumni/professor-a-michael-spence/\|website=www.magd.ox.ac.uk\|access-date=2020-05-12}}</ref> Spence then began graduate studies in economics at Harvard University with the support of a Danforth Graduate Fellowship in the fall of 1968. He received a Ph.D. in economics in 1972, completing a dissertation titled "Market signalling" under the supervision of [[Kenneth Arrow]] and [[Thomas Schelling\|Thomas C. Schelling]].<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://hollis.harvard.edu/primo-explore/fulldisplay?context=L&vid=HVD2&search_scope=everything&tab=everything&lang=en_US&docid=01HVD_ALMA211904693260003941\|website=hollis.harvard.edu\|access-date=2020-05-12}}</ref> Spence was awarded the David A. Wells Prize for outstanding doctoral dissertation in 1972.

Thatsme314: space

2023-09-14T17:14:20Z

space

← Previous revision		Revision as of 17:14, 14 September 2023
Line 8:		Line 8:
	\| image_size = 180px		\| image_size = 180px
	\| caption = Spence in 2008		\| caption = Spence in 2008
	\| birth_date = {{Birth date and age\|1943\|11\|7\|mf=y}} <ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economics/2001/spence/facts/\|title=A. Michael Spence – Facts\|website=NobelPrize.org}}</ref>		\| birth_date = {{Birth date and age\|1943\|11\|7\|mf=y}}<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economics/2001/spence/facts/\|title=A. Michael Spence – Facts\|website=NobelPrize.org}}</ref>
	\| birth_place = [[Montclair, New Jersey\|Montclair]], [[New Jersey]], US		\| birth_place = [[Montclair, New Jersey\|Montclair]], [[New Jersey]], US
	\| death_date =		\| death_date =

Truthlogicreason: added link to Oak Hill Capital Partners reference

2023-03-10T03:27:47Z

added link to Oak Hill Capital Partners reference

← Previous revision		Revision as of 03:27, 10 March 2023
Line 39:		Line 39:
	Spence attended [[Princeton University]] as an undergraduate student and graduated summa cum laude with a B.A. in philosophy in 1966, completing a senior thesis titled "Freedom and Determinism".<ref>{{Cite journal\|last=Spence\|first=Andrew Michael\|date=1966\|title=Freedom and Determinism\|url=http://dataspace.princeton.edu/jspui/handle/88435/dsp01w0892b98d}}</ref> Spence then studied at [[Magdalen College, Oxford\|Magdalen College]], [[University of Oxford]] as a [[Rhodes Scholarship\|Rhodes Scholar]], and received a B.A./M.A. in mathematics in 1968.<ref>{{Cite web\|title=Professor A. Michael Spence {{!}} Magdalen College Oxford\|url=https://www.magd.ox.ac.uk/discover-magdalen/history-of-college/famous-alumni/professor-a-michael-spence/\|website=www.magd.ox.ac.uk\|access-date=2020-05-12}}</ref> Spence then began graduate studies in economics at Harvard University with the support of a Danforth Graduate Fellowship in the fall of 1968. He received a Ph.D. in economics in 1972, completing a dissertation titled "Market signalling" under the supervision of [[Kenneth Arrow]] and [[Thomas Schelling\|Thomas C. Schelling]].<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://hollis.harvard.edu/primo-explore/fulldisplay?context=L&vid=HVD2&search_scope=everything&tab=everything&lang=en_US&docid=01HVD_ALMA211904693260003941\|website=hollis.harvard.edu\|access-date=2020-05-12}}</ref> Spence was awarded the David A. Wells Prize for outstanding doctoral dissertation in 1972.		Spence attended [[Princeton University]] as an undergraduate student and graduated summa cum laude with a B.A. in philosophy in 1966, completing a senior thesis titled "Freedom and Determinism".<ref>{{Cite journal\|last=Spence\|first=Andrew Michael\|date=1966\|title=Freedom and Determinism\|url=http://dataspace.princeton.edu/jspui/handle/88435/dsp01w0892b98d}}</ref> Spence then studied at [[Magdalen College, Oxford\|Magdalen College]], [[University of Oxford]] as a [[Rhodes Scholarship\|Rhodes Scholar]], and received a B.A./M.A. in mathematics in 1968.<ref>{{Cite web\|title=Professor A. Michael Spence {{!}} Magdalen College Oxford\|url=https://www.magd.ox.ac.uk/discover-magdalen/history-of-college/famous-alumni/professor-a-michael-spence/\|website=www.magd.ox.ac.uk\|access-date=2020-05-12}}</ref> Spence then began graduate studies in economics at Harvard University with the support of a Danforth Graduate Fellowship in the fall of 1968. He received a Ph.D. in economics in 1972, completing a dissertation titled "Market signalling" under the supervision of [[Kenneth Arrow]] and [[Thomas Schelling\|Thomas C. Schelling]].<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://hollis.harvard.edu/primo-explore/fulldisplay?context=L&vid=HVD2&search_scope=everything&tab=everything&lang=en_US&docid=01HVD_ALMA211904693260003941\|website=hollis.harvard.edu\|access-date=2020-05-12}}</ref> Spence was awarded the David A. Wells Prize for outstanding doctoral dissertation in 1972.

	He stepped down as Dean of the Stanford Graduate School of Business in 1999 and joined Oak Hill Capital Partners.<ref>{{Cite web \|title=A. Michael Spence Biographical, The Nobel Prize \|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/2001/spence/biographical/ \|access-date=Jan 7, 2023 \|website=Nobelprize.org}}</ref> He is the Chairman of the [[Growth Commission\|Commission on Growth and Development]], and a distinguished visiting fellow at the [[Council on Foreign Relations]].<ref>{{Cite web\|title=A. Michael Spence\|url=https://www.cfr.org/expert/michael-spence\|website=Council on Foreign Relations\|language=en\|access-date=2020-05-12}}</ref>		He stepped down as Dean of the Stanford Graduate School of Business in 1999 and joined [[Oak Hill Capital Partners]].<ref>{{Cite web \|title=A. Michael Spence Biographical, The Nobel Prize \|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/2001/spence/biographical/ \|access-date=Jan 7, 2023 \|website=Nobelprize.org}}</ref> He is the Chairman of the [[Growth Commission\|Commission on Growth and Development]], and a distinguished visiting fellow at the [[Council on Foreign Relations]].<ref>{{Cite web\|title=A. Michael Spence\|url=https://www.cfr.org/expert/michael-spence\|website=Council on Foreign Relations\|language=en\|access-date=2020-05-12}}</ref>

	Spence joined the faculty of [[New York University]]'s [[New York University Stern School of Business\|Stern School of Business]] on September 1, 2010.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://www.stern.nyu.edu/experience-stern/news-events/uat_024046\|title=NYU Stern {{!}} News {{!}} A. Michael Spence, Nobel Economist, to Join NYU Stern\|date=February 22, 2010\|website=www.stern.nyu.edu\|access-date=June 14, 2016}}</ref> He joined the faculty of [[SDA Bocconi School of Management]] in Italy in July 2011.<ref>{{Cite news\|url=http://www.businessbecause.com/news/mba-faculty/919/nobel-economist-michael-spence-joins-sda-bocconi-faculty\|title=Nobel Economist Michael Spence Joins SDA Bocconi Faculty\|date=July 25, 2011\|website=BusinessBecause\|access-date=June 18, 2016}}</ref>		Spence joined the faculty of [[New York University]]'s [[New York University Stern School of Business\|Stern School of Business]] on September 1, 2010.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://www.stern.nyu.edu/experience-stern/news-events/uat_024046\|title=NYU Stern {{!}} News {{!}} A. Michael Spence, Nobel Economist, to Join NYU Stern\|date=February 22, 2010\|website=www.stern.nyu.edu\|access-date=June 14, 2016}}</ref> He joined the faculty of [[SDA Bocconi School of Management]] in Italy in July 2011.<ref>{{Cite news\|url=http://www.businessbecause.com/news/mba-faculty/919/nobel-economist-michael-spence-joins-sda-bocconi-faculty\|title=Nobel Economist Michael Spence Joins SDA Bocconi Faculty\|date=July 25, 2011\|website=BusinessBecause\|access-date=June 18, 2016}}</ref>

WikiCleanerBot: v2.05b - Bot T20 CW#61 - Fix errors for CW project (Reference before punctuation)

2023-01-09T09:22:40Z

v2.05b - Bot T20 CW#61 - Fix errors for CW project (Reference before punctuation)

← Previous revision		Revision as of 09:22, 9 January 2023
Line 39:		Line 39:
	Spence attended [[Princeton University]] as an undergraduate student and graduated summa cum laude with a B.A. in philosophy in 1966, completing a senior thesis titled "Freedom and Determinism".<ref>{{Cite journal\|last=Spence\|first=Andrew Michael\|date=1966\|title=Freedom and Determinism\|url=http://dataspace.princeton.edu/jspui/handle/88435/dsp01w0892b98d}}</ref> Spence then studied at [[Magdalen College, Oxford\|Magdalen College]], [[University of Oxford]] as a [[Rhodes Scholarship\|Rhodes Scholar]], and received a B.A./M.A. in mathematics in 1968.<ref>{{Cite web\|title=Professor A. Michael Spence {{!}} Magdalen College Oxford\|url=https://www.magd.ox.ac.uk/discover-magdalen/history-of-college/famous-alumni/professor-a-michael-spence/\|website=www.magd.ox.ac.uk\|access-date=2020-05-12}}</ref> Spence then began graduate studies in economics at Harvard University with the support of a Danforth Graduate Fellowship in the fall of 1968. He received a Ph.D. in economics in 1972, completing a dissertation titled "Market signalling" under the supervision of [[Kenneth Arrow]] and [[Thomas Schelling\|Thomas C. Schelling]].<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://hollis.harvard.edu/primo-explore/fulldisplay?context=L&vid=HVD2&search_scope=everything&tab=everything&lang=en_US&docid=01HVD_ALMA211904693260003941\|website=hollis.harvard.edu\|access-date=2020-05-12}}</ref> Spence was awarded the David A. Wells Prize for outstanding doctoral dissertation in 1972.		Spence attended [[Princeton University]] as an undergraduate student and graduated summa cum laude with a B.A. in philosophy in 1966, completing a senior thesis titled "Freedom and Determinism".<ref>{{Cite journal\|last=Spence\|first=Andrew Michael\|date=1966\|title=Freedom and Determinism\|url=http://dataspace.princeton.edu/jspui/handle/88435/dsp01w0892b98d}}</ref> Spence then studied at [[Magdalen College, Oxford\|Magdalen College]], [[University of Oxford]] as a [[Rhodes Scholarship\|Rhodes Scholar]], and received a B.A./M.A. in mathematics in 1968.<ref>{{Cite web\|title=Professor A. Michael Spence {{!}} Magdalen College Oxford\|url=https://www.magd.ox.ac.uk/discover-magdalen/history-of-college/famous-alumni/professor-a-michael-spence/\|website=www.magd.ox.ac.uk\|access-date=2020-05-12}}</ref> Spence then began graduate studies in economics at Harvard University with the support of a Danforth Graduate Fellowship in the fall of 1968. He received a Ph.D. in economics in 1972, completing a dissertation titled "Market signalling" under the supervision of [[Kenneth Arrow]] and [[Thomas Schelling\|Thomas C. Schelling]].<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://hollis.harvard.edu/primo-explore/fulldisplay?context=L&vid=HVD2&search_scope=everything&tab=everything&lang=en_US&docid=01HVD_ALMA211904693260003941\|website=hollis.harvard.edu\|access-date=2020-05-12}}</ref> Spence was awarded the David A. Wells Prize for outstanding doctoral dissertation in 1972.

	He stepped down as Dean of the Stanford Graduate School of Business in 1999 and joined Oak Hill Capital Partners<ref>{{Cite web \|title=A. Michael Spence Biographical, The Nobel Prize \|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/2001/spence/biographical/ \|access-date=Jan 7, 2023 \|website=Nobelprize.org}}</ref>. He is the Chairman of the [[Growth Commission\|Commission on Growth and Development]], and a distinguished visiting fellow at the [[Council on Foreign Relations]].<ref>{{Cite web\|title=A. Michael Spence\|url=https://www.cfr.org/expert/michael-spence\|website=Council on Foreign Relations\|language=en\|access-date=2020-05-12}}</ref>		He stepped down as Dean of the Stanford Graduate School of Business in 1999 and joined Oak Hill Capital Partners.<ref>{{Cite web \|title=A. Michael Spence Biographical, The Nobel Prize \|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/2001/spence/biographical/ \|access-date=Jan 7, 2023 \|website=Nobelprize.org}}</ref> He is the Chairman of the [[Growth Commission\|Commission on Growth and Development]], and a distinguished visiting fellow at the [[Council on Foreign Relations]].<ref>{{Cite web\|title=A. Michael Spence\|url=https://www.cfr.org/expert/michael-spence\|website=Council on Foreign Relations\|language=en\|access-date=2020-05-12}}</ref>

	Spence joined the faculty of [[New York University]]'s [[New York University Stern School of Business\|Stern School of Business]] on September 1, 2010.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://www.stern.nyu.edu/experience-stern/news-events/uat_024046\|title=NYU Stern {{!}} News {{!}} A. Michael Spence, Nobel Economist, to Join NYU Stern\|date=February 22, 2010\|website=www.stern.nyu.edu\|access-date=June 14, 2016}}</ref> He joined the faculty of [[SDA Bocconi School of Management]] in Italy in July 2011.<ref>{{Cite news\|url=http://www.businessbecause.com/news/mba-faculty/919/nobel-economist-michael-spence-joins-sda-bocconi-faculty\|title=Nobel Economist Michael Spence Joins SDA Bocconi Faculty\|date=July 25, 2011\|website=BusinessBecause\|access-date=June 18, 2016}}</ref>		Spence joined the faculty of [[New York University]]'s [[New York University Stern School of Business\|Stern School of Business]] on September 1, 2010.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://www.stern.nyu.edu/experience-stern/news-events/uat_024046\|title=NYU Stern {{!}} News {{!}} A. Michael Spence, Nobel Economist, to Join NYU Stern\|date=February 22, 2010\|website=www.stern.nyu.edu\|access-date=June 14, 2016}}</ref> He joined the faculty of [[SDA Bocconi School of Management]] in Italy in July 2011.<ref>{{Cite news\|url=http://www.businessbecause.com/news/mba-faculty/919/nobel-economist-michael-spence-joins-sda-bocconi-faculty\|title=Nobel Economist Michael Spence Joins SDA Bocconi Faculty\|date=July 25, 2011\|website=BusinessBecause\|access-date=June 18, 2016}}</ref>

Truthlogicreason: added factual career history based on biography published on www.nobelprize.org

2023-01-07T18:37:31Z

added factual career history based on biography published on www.nobelprize.org

← Previous revision		Revision as of 18:37, 7 January 2023
Line 39:		Line 39:
	Spence attended [[Princeton University]] as an undergraduate student and graduated summa cum laude with a B.A. in philosophy in 1966, completing a senior thesis titled "Freedom and Determinism".<ref>{{Cite journal\|last=Spence\|first=Andrew Michael\|date=1966\|title=Freedom and Determinism\|url=http://dataspace.princeton.edu/jspui/handle/88435/dsp01w0892b98d}}</ref> Spence then studied at [[Magdalen College, Oxford\|Magdalen College]], [[University of Oxford]] as a [[Rhodes Scholarship\|Rhodes Scholar]], and received a B.A./M.A. in mathematics in 1968.<ref>{{Cite web\|title=Professor A. Michael Spence {{!}} Magdalen College Oxford\|url=https://www.magd.ox.ac.uk/discover-magdalen/history-of-college/famous-alumni/professor-a-michael-spence/\|website=www.magd.ox.ac.uk\|access-date=2020-05-12}}</ref> Spence then began graduate studies in economics at Harvard University with the support of a Danforth Graduate Fellowship in the fall of 1968. He received a Ph.D. in economics in 1972, completing a dissertation titled "Market signalling" under the supervision of [[Kenneth Arrow]] and [[Thomas Schelling\|Thomas C. Schelling]].<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://hollis.harvard.edu/primo-explore/fulldisplay?context=L&vid=HVD2&search_scope=everything&tab=everything&lang=en_US&docid=01HVD_ALMA211904693260003941\|website=hollis.harvard.edu\|access-date=2020-05-12}}</ref> Spence was awarded the David A. Wells Prize for outstanding doctoral dissertation in 1972.		Spence attended [[Princeton University]] as an undergraduate student and graduated summa cum laude with a B.A. in philosophy in 1966, completing a senior thesis titled "Freedom and Determinism".<ref>{{Cite journal\|last=Spence\|first=Andrew Michael\|date=1966\|title=Freedom and Determinism\|url=http://dataspace.princeton.edu/jspui/handle/88435/dsp01w0892b98d}}</ref> Spence then studied at [[Magdalen College, Oxford\|Magdalen College]], [[University of Oxford]] as a [[Rhodes Scholarship\|Rhodes Scholar]], and received a B.A./M.A. in mathematics in 1968.<ref>{{Cite web\|title=Professor A. Michael Spence {{!}} Magdalen College Oxford\|url=https://www.magd.ox.ac.uk/discover-magdalen/history-of-college/famous-alumni/professor-a-michael-spence/\|website=www.magd.ox.ac.uk\|access-date=2020-05-12}}</ref> Spence then began graduate studies in economics at Harvard University with the support of a Danforth Graduate Fellowship in the fall of 1968. He received a Ph.D. in economics in 1972, completing a dissertation titled "Market signalling" under the supervision of [[Kenneth Arrow]] and [[Thomas Schelling\|Thomas C. Schelling]].<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://hollis.harvard.edu/primo-explore/fulldisplay?context=L&vid=HVD2&search_scope=everything&tab=everything&lang=en_US&docid=01HVD_ALMA211904693260003941\|website=hollis.harvard.edu\|access-date=2020-05-12}}</ref> Spence was awarded the David A. Wells Prize for outstanding doctoral dissertation in 1972.

	He is the Chairman of the [[Growth Commission\|Commission on Growth and Development]], and a distinguished visiting fellow at the [[Council on Foreign Relations]].<ref>{{Cite web\|title=A. Michael Spence\|url=https://www.cfr.org/expert/michael-spence\|website=Council on Foreign Relations\|language=en\|access-date=2020-05-12}}</ref>		He stepped down as Dean of the Stanford Graduate School of Business in 1999 and joined Oak Hill Capital Partners<ref>{{Cite web \|title=A. Michael Spence Biographical, The Nobel Prize \|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/2001/spence/biographical/ \|access-date=Jan 7, 2023 \|website=Nobelprize.org}}</ref>. He is the Chairman of the [[Growth Commission\|Commission on Growth and Development]], and a distinguished visiting fellow at the [[Council on Foreign Relations]].<ref>{{Cite web\|title=A. Michael Spence\|url=https://www.cfr.org/expert/michael-spence\|website=Council on Foreign Relations\|language=en\|access-date=2020-05-12}}</ref>

	Spence joined the faculty of [[New York University]]'s [[New York University Stern School of Business\|Stern School of Business]] on September 1, 2010.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://www.stern.nyu.edu/experience-stern/news-events/uat_024046\|title=NYU Stern {{!}} News {{!}} A. Michael Spence, Nobel Economist, to Join NYU Stern\|date=February 22, 2010\|website=www.stern.nyu.edu\|access-date=June 14, 2016}}</ref> He joined the faculty of [[SDA Bocconi School of Management]] in Italy in July 2011.<ref>{{Cite news\|url=http://www.businessbecause.com/news/mba-faculty/919/nobel-economist-michael-spence-joins-sda-bocconi-faculty\|title=Nobel Economist Michael Spence Joins SDA Bocconi Faculty\|date=July 25, 2011\|website=BusinessBecause\|access-date=June 18, 2016}}</ref>		Spence joined the faculty of [[New York University]]'s [[New York University Stern School of Business\|Stern School of Business]] on September 1, 2010.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://www.stern.nyu.edu/experience-stern/news-events/uat_024046\|title=NYU Stern {{!}} News {{!}} A. Michael Spence, Nobel Economist, to Join NYU Stern\|date=February 22, 2010\|website=www.stern.nyu.edu\|access-date=June 14, 2016}}</ref> He joined the faculty of [[SDA Bocconi School of Management]] in Italy in July 2011.<ref>{{Cite news\|url=http://www.businessbecause.com/news/mba-faculty/919/nobel-economist-michael-spence-joins-sda-bocconi-faculty\|title=Nobel Economist Michael Spence Joins SDA Bocconi Faculty\|date=July 25, 2011\|website=BusinessBecause\|access-date=June 18, 2016}}</ref>

2001:569:74E3:4000:44CD:AA2D:E1C2:A7DC: /* External links */

2022-12-12T03:16:00Z

External links

← Previous revision		Revision as of 03:16, 12 December 2022
Line 112:		Line 112:
	[[Category:Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences]]		[[Category:Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences]]
	[[Category:Institute for New Economic Thinking]]		[[Category:Institute for New Economic Thinking]]
	[[Category:Scientists from Toronto]]
	[[Category:Scientists from New Jersey]]		[[Category:Scientists from New Jersey]]
	[[Category:20th-century Canadian scientists]]		[[Category:20th-century Canadian scientists]]

Citation bot: Alter: template type. | Use this bot. Report bugs. | Suggested by Whoop whoop pull up | #UCB_webform 1121/3627

2022-10-20T10:58:10Z

Alter: template type. | Use this bot. Report bugs. | Suggested by Whoop whoop pull up | #UCB_webform 1121/3627

← Previous revision		Revision as of 10:58, 20 October 2022
Line 41:		Line 41:
	He is the Chairman of the [[Growth Commission\|Commission on Growth and Development]], and a distinguished visiting fellow at the [[Council on Foreign Relations]].<ref>{{Cite web\|title=A. Michael Spence\|url=https://www.cfr.org/expert/michael-spence\|website=Council on Foreign Relations\|language=en\|access-date=2020-05-12}}</ref>		He is the Chairman of the [[Growth Commission\|Commission on Growth and Development]], and a distinguished visiting fellow at the [[Council on Foreign Relations]].<ref>{{Cite web\|title=A. Michael Spence\|url=https://www.cfr.org/expert/michael-spence\|website=Council on Foreign Relations\|language=en\|access-date=2020-05-12}}</ref>

	Spence joined the faculty of [[New York University]]'s [[New York University Stern School of Business\|Stern School of Business]] on September 1, 2010.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://www.stern.nyu.edu/experience-stern/news-events/uat_024046\|title=NYU Stern {{!}} News {{!}} A. Michael Spence, Nobel Economist, to Join NYU Stern\|date=February 22, 2010\|website=www.stern.nyu.edu\|access-date=June 14, 2016}}</ref> He joined the faculty of [[SDA Bocconi School of Management]] in Italy in July 2011.<ref>{{Cite ~~web~~\|url=http://www.businessbecause.com/news/mba-faculty/919/nobel-economist-michael-spence-joins-sda-bocconi-faculty\|title=Nobel Economist Michael Spence Joins SDA Bocconi Faculty\|date=July 25, 2011\|website=BusinessBecause\|access-date=June 18, 2016}}</ref>		Spence joined the faculty of [[New York University]]'s [[New York University Stern School of Business\|Stern School of Business]] on September 1, 2010.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://www.stern.nyu.edu/experience-stern/news-events/uat_024046\|title=NYU Stern {{!}} News {{!}} A. Michael Spence, Nobel Economist, to Join NYU Stern\|date=February 22, 2010\|website=www.stern.nyu.edu\|access-date=June 14, 2016}}</ref> He joined the faculty of [[SDA Bocconi School of Management]] in Italy in July 2011.<ref>{{Cite news\|url=http://www.businessbecause.com/news/mba-faculty/919/nobel-economist-michael-spence-joins-sda-bocconi-faculty\|title=Nobel Economist Michael Spence Joins SDA Bocconi Faculty\|date=July 25, 2011\|website=BusinessBecause\|access-date=June 18, 2016}}</ref>

	He is a senior fellow at [[Stanford University]]'s [[Hoover Institution]] and the Philip H. Knight Professor Emeritus of Management in the Graduate School of Business. Spence is also a Commissioner for the Global Commission on Internet Governance.<ref>{{Cite web\|title=Nobel laureate A. Michael Spence named Hoover Senior Fellow\|url=https://www.hoover.org/press-releases/nobel-laureate-michael-spence-named-hoover-senior-fellow\|website=Hoover Institution\|language=en\|access-date=2020-05-12}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.ourinternet.org/#commission\|title=OurInternet\|website=www.ourinternet.org\|date=20 January 2014\|access-date=June 14, 2016\|archive-date=26 July 2017\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170726193157/https://www.ourinternet.org/#commission\|url-status=dead}}</ref> Additionally, Spence is also a member of the [[Berggruen Institute]]'s 21st Century Council.<ref>{{cite web\|title=Berggruen Institute\|url=http://governance.berggruen.org/councils/21st-century-council/members\|access-date=2017-01-07\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180613084722/http://governance.berggruen.org/councils/21st-century-council/members\|archive-date=2018-06-13\|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>Forbes, Miguel. [https://www.forbes.com/sites/miguelforbes/2017/01/03/charles-taylor-wins-1m-first-inaugural-berggruen-nobel-prize/#64a123236c8d "Charles Taylor Wins $1M First Inaugural Berggruen Nobel Prize"], ''[[Forbes]]'', January 3, 2017.</ref>		He is a senior fellow at [[Stanford University]]'s [[Hoover Institution]] and the Philip H. Knight Professor Emeritus of Management in the Graduate School of Business. Spence is also a Commissioner for the Global Commission on Internet Governance.<ref>{{Cite web\|title=Nobel laureate A. Michael Spence named Hoover Senior Fellow\|url=https://www.hoover.org/press-releases/nobel-laureate-michael-spence-named-hoover-senior-fellow\|website=Hoover Institution\|language=en\|access-date=2020-05-12}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.ourinternet.org/#commission\|title=OurInternet\|website=www.ourinternet.org\|date=20 January 2014\|access-date=June 14, 2016\|archive-date=26 July 2017\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170726193157/https://www.ourinternet.org/#commission\|url-status=dead}}</ref> Additionally, Spence is also a member of the [[Berggruen Institute]]'s 21st Century Council.<ref>{{cite web\|title=Berggruen Institute\|url=http://governance.berggruen.org/councils/21st-century-council/members\|access-date=2017-01-07\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180613084722/http://governance.berggruen.org/councils/21st-century-council/members\|archive-date=2018-06-13\|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>Forbes, Miguel. [https://www.forbes.com/sites/miguelforbes/2017/01/03/charles-taylor-wins-1m-first-inaugural-berggruen-nobel-prize/#64a123236c8d "Charles Taylor Wins $1M First Inaugural Berggruen Nobel Prize"], ''[[Forbes]]'', January 3, 2017.</ref>

← Previous revision		Revision as of 21:15, 10 February 2024
Line 35:		Line 35:
	Spence is noted for his job-market [[Signaling (economics)\|signaling]] model, which inspired research into this branch of [[contract theory]]. In this model, employees signal their respective skills to employers by acquiring a certain degree of education, which is costly to them. Employers will pay higher wages to more educated employees, because they know that the proportion of employees with high abilities is higher among the educated ones, as it is less costly for them to acquire education than it is for employees with low abilities. For the model to work, it is not even necessary for education to have any intrinsic value if it can convey information about the sender (employee) to the recipient (employer) and if the signal is costly.		Spence is noted for his job-market [[Signaling (economics)\|signaling]] model, which inspired research into this branch of [[contract theory]]. In this model, employees signal their respective skills to employers by acquiring a certain degree of education, which is costly to them. Employers will pay higher wages to more educated employees, because they know that the proportion of employees with high abilities is higher among the educated ones, as it is less costly for them to acquire education than it is for employees with low abilities. For the model to work, it is not even necessary for education to have any intrinsic value if it can convey information about the sender (employee) to the recipient (employer) and if the signal is costly.

	Spence received his middle and high school education at the [[University of Toronto Schools]] of the [[University of Toronto]]. He later came back to [[Rotman School of Management]] at the [[University of Toronto]] to serve as a member of the Rotman Dean’s Advisory Board.<ref>{{Cite web\|date=2021-03-07\|title=Rotman School of Management\|url=http://~~webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache%3AYTbriIXb0WsJ%3Awww~~-2.rotman.utoronto.ca~~%2Frogermartin%2Fboard~~.htm~~+&cd=1&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=ca~~\|access-date=2021-03-07\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210307175930/http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache%3AYTbriIXb0WsJ%3Awww-2.rotman.utoronto.ca%2Frogermartin%2Fboard.htm+&cd=1&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=ca\|archive-date=2021-03-07\|url-status=~~dead~~}}</ref>		Spence received his middle and high school education at the [[University of Toronto Schools]] of the [[University of Toronto]]. He later came back to [[Rotman School of Management]] at the [[University of Toronto]] to serve as a member of the Rotman Dean’s Advisory Board.<ref>{{Cite web\|date=2021-03-07\|title=Rotman School of Management\|url=http://www-2.rotman.utoronto.ca/rogermartin/board.htm\|access-date=2021-03-07\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210307175930/http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache%3AYTbriIXb0WsJ%3Awww-2.rotman.utoronto.ca%2Frogermartin%2Fboard.htm+&cd=1&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=ca\|archive-date=2021-03-07\|url-status=live}}</ref>

	Spence attended [[Princeton University]] as an undergraduate student and graduated summa cum laude with a B.A. in philosophy in 1966, completing a senior thesis titled "Freedom and Determinism".<ref>{{Cite journal\|last=Spence\|first=Andrew Michael\|date=1966\|title=Freedom and Determinism\|url=http://dataspace.princeton.edu/jspui/handle/88435/dsp01w0892b98d}}</ref> Spence then studied at [[Magdalen College, Oxford\|Magdalen College]], [[University of Oxford]] as a [[Rhodes Scholarship\|Rhodes Scholar]], and received a B.A./M.A. in mathematics in 1968.<ref>{{Cite web\|title=Professor A. Michael Spence {{!}} Magdalen College Oxford\|url=https://www.magd.ox.ac.uk/discover-magdalen/history-of-college/famous-alumni/professor-a-michael-spence/\|website=www.magd.ox.ac.uk\|access-date=2020-05-12}}</ref> Spence then began graduate studies in economics at Harvard University with the support of a Danforth Graduate Fellowship in the fall of 1968. He received a Ph.D. in economics in 1972, completing a dissertation titled "Market signalling" under the supervision of [[Kenneth Arrow]] and [[Thomas Schelling\|Thomas C. Schelling]].<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://hollis.harvard.edu/primo-explore/fulldisplay?context=L&vid=HVD2&search_scope=everything&tab=everything&lang=en_US&docid=01HVD_ALMA211904693260003941\|website=hollis.harvard.edu\|access-date=2020-05-12}}</ref> Spence was awarded the David A. Wells Prize for outstanding doctoral dissertation in 1972.		Spence attended [[Princeton University]] as an undergraduate student and graduated summa cum laude with a B.A. in philosophy in 1966, completing a senior thesis titled "Freedom and Determinism".<ref>{{Cite journal\|last=Spence\|first=Andrew Michael\|date=1966\|title=Freedom and Determinism\|url=http://dataspace.princeton.edu/jspui/handle/88435/dsp01w0892b98d}}</ref> Spence then studied at [[Magdalen College, Oxford\|Magdalen College]], [[University of Oxford]] as a [[Rhodes Scholarship\|Rhodes Scholar]], and received a B.A./M.A. in mathematics in 1968.<ref>{{Cite web\|title=Professor A. Michael Spence {{!}} Magdalen College Oxford\|url=https://www.magd.ox.ac.uk/discover-magdalen/history-of-college/famous-alumni/professor-a-michael-spence/\|website=www.magd.ox.ac.uk\|access-date=2020-05-12}}</ref> Spence then began graduate studies in economics at Harvard University with the support of a Danforth Graduate Fellowship in the fall of 1968. He received a Ph.D. in economics in 1972, completing a dissertation titled "Market signalling" under the supervision of [[Kenneth Arrow]] and [[Thomas Schelling\|Thomas C. Schelling]].<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://hollis.harvard.edu/primo-explore/fulldisplay?context=L&vid=HVD2&search_scope=everything&tab=everything&lang=en_US&docid=01HVD_ALMA211904693260003941\|website=hollis.harvard.edu\|access-date=2020-05-12}}</ref> Spence was awarded the David A. Wells Prize for outstanding doctoral dissertation in 1972.

← Previous revision		Revision as of 03:27, 10 March 2023
Line 39:		Line 39:
	Spence attended [[Princeton University]] as an undergraduate student and graduated summa cum laude with a B.A. in philosophy in 1966, completing a senior thesis titled "Freedom and Determinism".<ref>{{Cite journal\|last=Spence\|first=Andrew Michael\|date=1966\|title=Freedom and Determinism\|url=http://dataspace.princeton.edu/jspui/handle/88435/dsp01w0892b98d}}</ref> Spence then studied at [[Magdalen College, Oxford\|Magdalen College]], [[University of Oxford]] as a [[Rhodes Scholarship\|Rhodes Scholar]], and received a B.A./M.A. in mathematics in 1968.<ref>{{Cite web\|title=Professor A. Michael Spence {{!}} Magdalen College Oxford\|url=https://www.magd.ox.ac.uk/discover-magdalen/history-of-college/famous-alumni/professor-a-michael-spence/\|website=www.magd.ox.ac.uk\|access-date=2020-05-12}}</ref> Spence then began graduate studies in economics at Harvard University with the support of a Danforth Graduate Fellowship in the fall of 1968. He received a Ph.D. in economics in 1972, completing a dissertation titled "Market signalling" under the supervision of [[Kenneth Arrow]] and [[Thomas Schelling\|Thomas C. Schelling]].<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://hollis.harvard.edu/primo-explore/fulldisplay?context=L&vid=HVD2&search_scope=everything&tab=everything&lang=en_US&docid=01HVD_ALMA211904693260003941\|website=hollis.harvard.edu\|access-date=2020-05-12}}</ref> Spence was awarded the David A. Wells Prize for outstanding doctoral dissertation in 1972.		Spence attended [[Princeton University]] as an undergraduate student and graduated summa cum laude with a B.A. in philosophy in 1966, completing a senior thesis titled "Freedom and Determinism".<ref>{{Cite journal\|last=Spence\|first=Andrew Michael\|date=1966\|title=Freedom and Determinism\|url=http://dataspace.princeton.edu/jspui/handle/88435/dsp01w0892b98d}}</ref> Spence then studied at [[Magdalen College, Oxford\|Magdalen College]], [[University of Oxford]] as a [[Rhodes Scholarship\|Rhodes Scholar]], and received a B.A./M.A. in mathematics in 1968.<ref>{{Cite web\|title=Professor A. Michael Spence {{!}} Magdalen College Oxford\|url=https://www.magd.ox.ac.uk/discover-magdalen/history-of-college/famous-alumni/professor-a-michael-spence/\|website=www.magd.ox.ac.uk\|access-date=2020-05-12}}</ref> Spence then began graduate studies in economics at Harvard University with the support of a Danforth Graduate Fellowship in the fall of 1968. He received a Ph.D. in economics in 1972, completing a dissertation titled "Market signalling" under the supervision of [[Kenneth Arrow]] and [[Thomas Schelling\|Thomas C. Schelling]].<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://hollis.harvard.edu/primo-explore/fulldisplay?context=L&vid=HVD2&search_scope=everything&tab=everything&lang=en_US&docid=01HVD_ALMA211904693260003941\|website=hollis.harvard.edu\|access-date=2020-05-12}}</ref> Spence was awarded the David A. Wells Prize for outstanding doctoral dissertation in 1972.

	He stepped down as Dean of the Stanford Graduate School of Business in 1999 and joined Oak Hill Capital Partners.<ref>{{Cite web \|title=A. Michael Spence Biographical, The Nobel Prize \|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/2001/spence/biographical/ \|access-date=Jan 7, 2023 \|website=Nobelprize.org}}</ref> He is the Chairman of the [[Growth Commission\|Commission on Growth and Development]], and a distinguished visiting fellow at the [[Council on Foreign Relations]].<ref>{{Cite web\|title=A. Michael Spence\|url=https://www.cfr.org/expert/michael-spence\|website=Council on Foreign Relations\|language=en\|access-date=2020-05-12}}</ref>		He stepped down as Dean of the Stanford Graduate School of Business in 1999 and joined [[Oak Hill Capital Partners]].<ref>{{Cite web \|title=A. Michael Spence Biographical, The Nobel Prize \|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/2001/spence/biographical/ \|access-date=Jan 7, 2023 \|website=Nobelprize.org}}</ref> He is the Chairman of the [[Growth Commission\|Commission on Growth and Development]], and a distinguished visiting fellow at the [[Council on Foreign Relations]].<ref>{{Cite web\|title=A. Michael Spence\|url=https://www.cfr.org/expert/michael-spence\|website=Council on Foreign Relations\|language=en\|access-date=2020-05-12}}</ref>

	Spence joined the faculty of [[New York University]]'s [[New York University Stern School of Business\|Stern School of Business]] on September 1, 2010.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://www.stern.nyu.edu/experience-stern/news-events/uat_024046\|title=NYU Stern {{!}} News {{!}} A. Michael Spence, Nobel Economist, to Join NYU Stern\|date=February 22, 2010\|website=www.stern.nyu.edu\|access-date=June 14, 2016}}</ref> He joined the faculty of [[SDA Bocconi School of Management]] in Italy in July 2011.<ref>{{Cite news\|url=http://www.businessbecause.com/news/mba-faculty/919/nobel-economist-michael-spence-joins-sda-bocconi-faculty\|title=Nobel Economist Michael Spence Joins SDA Bocconi Faculty\|date=July 25, 2011\|website=BusinessBecause\|access-date=June 18, 2016}}</ref>		Spence joined the faculty of [[New York University]]'s [[New York University Stern School of Business\|Stern School of Business]] on September 1, 2010.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://www.stern.nyu.edu/experience-stern/news-events/uat_024046\|title=NYU Stern {{!}} News {{!}} A. Michael Spence, Nobel Economist, to Join NYU Stern\|date=February 22, 2010\|website=www.stern.nyu.edu\|access-date=June 14, 2016}}</ref> He joined the faculty of [[SDA Bocconi School of Management]] in Italy in July 2011.<ref>{{Cite news\|url=http://www.businessbecause.com/news/mba-faculty/919/nobel-economist-michael-spence-joins-sda-bocconi-faculty\|title=Nobel Economist Michael Spence Joins SDA Bocconi Faculty\|date=July 25, 2011\|website=BusinessBecause\|access-date=June 18, 2016}}</ref>

← Previous revision		Revision as of 09:22, 9 January 2023
Line 39:		Line 39:
	Spence attended [[Princeton University]] as an undergraduate student and graduated summa cum laude with a B.A. in philosophy in 1966, completing a senior thesis titled "Freedom and Determinism".<ref>{{Cite journal\|last=Spence\|first=Andrew Michael\|date=1966\|title=Freedom and Determinism\|url=http://dataspace.princeton.edu/jspui/handle/88435/dsp01w0892b98d}}</ref> Spence then studied at [[Magdalen College, Oxford\|Magdalen College]], [[University of Oxford]] as a [[Rhodes Scholarship\|Rhodes Scholar]], and received a B.A./M.A. in mathematics in 1968.<ref>{{Cite web\|title=Professor A. Michael Spence {{!}} Magdalen College Oxford\|url=https://www.magd.ox.ac.uk/discover-magdalen/history-of-college/famous-alumni/professor-a-michael-spence/\|website=www.magd.ox.ac.uk\|access-date=2020-05-12}}</ref> Spence then began graduate studies in economics at Harvard University with the support of a Danforth Graduate Fellowship in the fall of 1968. He received a Ph.D. in economics in 1972, completing a dissertation titled "Market signalling" under the supervision of [[Kenneth Arrow]] and [[Thomas Schelling\|Thomas C. Schelling]].<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://hollis.harvard.edu/primo-explore/fulldisplay?context=L&vid=HVD2&search_scope=everything&tab=everything&lang=en_US&docid=01HVD_ALMA211904693260003941\|website=hollis.harvard.edu\|access-date=2020-05-12}}</ref> Spence was awarded the David A. Wells Prize for outstanding doctoral dissertation in 1972.		Spence attended [[Princeton University]] as an undergraduate student and graduated summa cum laude with a B.A. in philosophy in 1966, completing a senior thesis titled "Freedom and Determinism".<ref>{{Cite journal\|last=Spence\|first=Andrew Michael\|date=1966\|title=Freedom and Determinism\|url=http://dataspace.princeton.edu/jspui/handle/88435/dsp01w0892b98d}}</ref> Spence then studied at [[Magdalen College, Oxford\|Magdalen College]], [[University of Oxford]] as a [[Rhodes Scholarship\|Rhodes Scholar]], and received a B.A./M.A. in mathematics in 1968.<ref>{{Cite web\|title=Professor A. Michael Spence {{!}} Magdalen College Oxford\|url=https://www.magd.ox.ac.uk/discover-magdalen/history-of-college/famous-alumni/professor-a-michael-spence/\|website=www.magd.ox.ac.uk\|access-date=2020-05-12}}</ref> Spence then began graduate studies in economics at Harvard University with the support of a Danforth Graduate Fellowship in the fall of 1968. He received a Ph.D. in economics in 1972, completing a dissertation titled "Market signalling" under the supervision of [[Kenneth Arrow]] and [[Thomas Schelling\|Thomas C. Schelling]].<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://hollis.harvard.edu/primo-explore/fulldisplay?context=L&vid=HVD2&search_scope=everything&tab=everything&lang=en_US&docid=01HVD_ALMA211904693260003941\|website=hollis.harvard.edu\|access-date=2020-05-12}}</ref> Spence was awarded the David A. Wells Prize for outstanding doctoral dissertation in 1972.

	He stepped down as Dean of the Stanford Graduate School of Business in 1999 and joined Oak Hill Capital Partners<ref>{{Cite web \|title=A. Michael Spence Biographical, The Nobel Prize \|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/2001/spence/biographical/ \|access-date=Jan 7, 2023 \|website=Nobelprize.org}}</ref>. He is the Chairman of the [[Growth Commission\|Commission on Growth and Development]], and a distinguished visiting fellow at the [[Council on Foreign Relations]].<ref>{{Cite web\|title=A. Michael Spence\|url=https://www.cfr.org/expert/michael-spence\|website=Council on Foreign Relations\|language=en\|access-date=2020-05-12}}</ref>		He stepped down as Dean of the Stanford Graduate School of Business in 1999 and joined Oak Hill Capital Partners.<ref>{{Cite web \|title=A. Michael Spence Biographical, The Nobel Prize \|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/2001/spence/biographical/ \|access-date=Jan 7, 2023 \|website=Nobelprize.org}}</ref> He is the Chairman of the [[Growth Commission\|Commission on Growth and Development]], and a distinguished visiting fellow at the [[Council on Foreign Relations]].<ref>{{Cite web\|title=A. Michael Spence\|url=https://www.cfr.org/expert/michael-spence\|website=Council on Foreign Relations\|language=en\|access-date=2020-05-12}}</ref>

	Spence joined the faculty of [[New York University]]'s [[New York University Stern School of Business\|Stern School of Business]] on September 1, 2010.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://www.stern.nyu.edu/experience-stern/news-events/uat_024046\|title=NYU Stern {{!}} News {{!}} A. Michael Spence, Nobel Economist, to Join NYU Stern\|date=February 22, 2010\|website=www.stern.nyu.edu\|access-date=June 14, 2016}}</ref> He joined the faculty of [[SDA Bocconi School of Management]] in Italy in July 2011.<ref>{{Cite news\|url=http://www.businessbecause.com/news/mba-faculty/919/nobel-economist-michael-spence-joins-sda-bocconi-faculty\|title=Nobel Economist Michael Spence Joins SDA Bocconi Faculty\|date=July 25, 2011\|website=BusinessBecause\|access-date=June 18, 2016}}</ref>		Spence joined the faculty of [[New York University]]'s [[New York University Stern School of Business\|Stern School of Business]] on September 1, 2010.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://www.stern.nyu.edu/experience-stern/news-events/uat_024046\|title=NYU Stern {{!}} News {{!}} A. Michael Spence, Nobel Economist, to Join NYU Stern\|date=February 22, 2010\|website=www.stern.nyu.edu\|access-date=June 14, 2016}}</ref> He joined the faculty of [[SDA Bocconi School of Management]] in Italy in July 2011.<ref>{{Cite news\|url=http://www.businessbecause.com/news/mba-faculty/919/nobel-economist-michael-spence-joins-sda-bocconi-faculty\|title=Nobel Economist Michael Spence Joins SDA Bocconi Faculty\|date=July 25, 2011\|website=BusinessBecause\|access-date=June 18, 2016}}</ref>

← Previous revision		Revision as of 18:37, 7 January 2023
Line 39:		Line 39:
	Spence attended [[Princeton University]] as an undergraduate student and graduated summa cum laude with a B.A. in philosophy in 1966, completing a senior thesis titled "Freedom and Determinism".<ref>{{Cite journal\|last=Spence\|first=Andrew Michael\|date=1966\|title=Freedom and Determinism\|url=http://dataspace.princeton.edu/jspui/handle/88435/dsp01w0892b98d}}</ref> Spence then studied at [[Magdalen College, Oxford\|Magdalen College]], [[University of Oxford]] as a [[Rhodes Scholarship\|Rhodes Scholar]], and received a B.A./M.A. in mathematics in 1968.<ref>{{Cite web\|title=Professor A. Michael Spence {{!}} Magdalen College Oxford\|url=https://www.magd.ox.ac.uk/discover-magdalen/history-of-college/famous-alumni/professor-a-michael-spence/\|website=www.magd.ox.ac.uk\|access-date=2020-05-12}}</ref> Spence then began graduate studies in economics at Harvard University with the support of a Danforth Graduate Fellowship in the fall of 1968. He received a Ph.D. in economics in 1972, completing a dissertation titled "Market signalling" under the supervision of [[Kenneth Arrow]] and [[Thomas Schelling\|Thomas C. Schelling]].<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://hollis.harvard.edu/primo-explore/fulldisplay?context=L&vid=HVD2&search_scope=everything&tab=everything&lang=en_US&docid=01HVD_ALMA211904693260003941\|website=hollis.harvard.edu\|access-date=2020-05-12}}</ref> Spence was awarded the David A. Wells Prize for outstanding doctoral dissertation in 1972.		Spence attended [[Princeton University]] as an undergraduate student and graduated summa cum laude with a B.A. in philosophy in 1966, completing a senior thesis titled "Freedom and Determinism".<ref>{{Cite journal\|last=Spence\|first=Andrew Michael\|date=1966\|title=Freedom and Determinism\|url=http://dataspace.princeton.edu/jspui/handle/88435/dsp01w0892b98d}}</ref> Spence then studied at [[Magdalen College, Oxford\|Magdalen College]], [[University of Oxford]] as a [[Rhodes Scholarship\|Rhodes Scholar]], and received a B.A./M.A. in mathematics in 1968.<ref>{{Cite web\|title=Professor A. Michael Spence {{!}} Magdalen College Oxford\|url=https://www.magd.ox.ac.uk/discover-magdalen/history-of-college/famous-alumni/professor-a-michael-spence/\|website=www.magd.ox.ac.uk\|access-date=2020-05-12}}</ref> Spence then began graduate studies in economics at Harvard University with the support of a Danforth Graduate Fellowship in the fall of 1968. He received a Ph.D. in economics in 1972, completing a dissertation titled "Market signalling" under the supervision of [[Kenneth Arrow]] and [[Thomas Schelling\|Thomas C. Schelling]].<ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://hollis.harvard.edu/primo-explore/fulldisplay?context=L&vid=HVD2&search_scope=everything&tab=everything&lang=en_US&docid=01HVD_ALMA211904693260003941\|website=hollis.harvard.edu\|access-date=2020-05-12}}</ref> Spence was awarded the David A. Wells Prize for outstanding doctoral dissertation in 1972.

	He is the Chairman of the [[Growth Commission\|Commission on Growth and Development]], and a distinguished visiting fellow at the [[Council on Foreign Relations]].<ref>{{Cite web\|title=A. Michael Spence\|url=https://www.cfr.org/expert/michael-spence\|website=Council on Foreign Relations\|language=en\|access-date=2020-05-12}}</ref>		He stepped down as Dean of the Stanford Graduate School of Business in 1999 and joined Oak Hill Capital Partners<ref>{{Cite web \|title=A. Michael Spence Biographical, The Nobel Prize \|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/2001/spence/biographical/ \|access-date=Jan 7, 2023 \|website=Nobelprize.org}}</ref>. He is the Chairman of the [[Growth Commission\|Commission on Growth and Development]], and a distinguished visiting fellow at the [[Council on Foreign Relations]].<ref>{{Cite web\|title=A. Michael Spence\|url=https://www.cfr.org/expert/michael-spence\|website=Council on Foreign Relations\|language=en\|access-date=2020-05-12}}</ref>

	Spence joined the faculty of [[New York University]]'s [[New York University Stern School of Business\|Stern School of Business]] on September 1, 2010.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://www.stern.nyu.edu/experience-stern/news-events/uat_024046\|title=NYU Stern {{!}} News {{!}} A. Michael Spence, Nobel Economist, to Join NYU Stern\|date=February 22, 2010\|website=www.stern.nyu.edu\|access-date=June 14, 2016}}</ref> He joined the faculty of [[SDA Bocconi School of Management]] in Italy in July 2011.<ref>{{Cite news\|url=http://www.businessbecause.com/news/mba-faculty/919/nobel-economist-michael-spence-joins-sda-bocconi-faculty\|title=Nobel Economist Michael Spence Joins SDA Bocconi Faculty\|date=July 25, 2011\|website=BusinessBecause\|access-date=June 18, 2016}}</ref>		Spence joined the faculty of [[New York University]]'s [[New York University Stern School of Business\|Stern School of Business]] on September 1, 2010.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://www.stern.nyu.edu/experience-stern/news-events/uat_024046\|title=NYU Stern {{!}} News {{!}} A. Michael Spence, Nobel Economist, to Join NYU Stern\|date=February 22, 2010\|website=www.stern.nyu.edu\|access-date=June 14, 2016}}</ref> He joined the faculty of [[SDA Bocconi School of Management]] in Italy in July 2011.<ref>{{Cite news\|url=http://www.businessbecause.com/news/mba-faculty/919/nobel-economist-michael-spence-joins-sda-bocconi-faculty\|title=Nobel Economist Michael Spence Joins SDA Bocconi Faculty\|date=July 25, 2011\|website=BusinessBecause\|access-date=June 18, 2016}}</ref>

← Previous revision		Revision as of 10:58, 20 October 2022
Line 41:		Line 41:
	He is the Chairman of the [[Growth Commission\|Commission on Growth and Development]], and a distinguished visiting fellow at the [[Council on Foreign Relations]].<ref>{{Cite web\|title=A. Michael Spence\|url=https://www.cfr.org/expert/michael-spence\|website=Council on Foreign Relations\|language=en\|access-date=2020-05-12}}</ref>		He is the Chairman of the [[Growth Commission\|Commission on Growth and Development]], and a distinguished visiting fellow at the [[Council on Foreign Relations]].<ref>{{Cite web\|title=A. Michael Spence\|url=https://www.cfr.org/expert/michael-spence\|website=Council on Foreign Relations\|language=en\|access-date=2020-05-12}}</ref>

	Spence joined the faculty of [[New York University]]'s [[New York University Stern School of Business\|Stern School of Business]] on September 1, 2010.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://www.stern.nyu.edu/experience-stern/news-events/uat_024046\|title=NYU Stern {{!}} News {{!}} A. Michael Spence, Nobel Economist, to Join NYU Stern\|date=February 22, 2010\|website=www.stern.nyu.edu\|access-date=June 14, 2016}}</ref> He joined the faculty of [[SDA Bocconi School of Management]] in Italy in July 2011.<ref>{{Cite ~~web~~\|url=http://www.businessbecause.com/news/mba-faculty/919/nobel-economist-michael-spence-joins-sda-bocconi-faculty\|title=Nobel Economist Michael Spence Joins SDA Bocconi Faculty\|date=July 25, 2011\|website=BusinessBecause\|access-date=June 18, 2016}}</ref>		Spence joined the faculty of [[New York University]]'s [[New York University Stern School of Business\|Stern School of Business]] on September 1, 2010.<ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://www.stern.nyu.edu/experience-stern/news-events/uat_024046\|title=NYU Stern {{!}} News {{!}} A. Michael Spence, Nobel Economist, to Join NYU Stern\|date=February 22, 2010\|website=www.stern.nyu.edu\|access-date=June 14, 2016}}</ref> He joined the faculty of [[SDA Bocconi School of Management]] in Italy in July 2011.<ref>{{Cite news\|url=http://www.businessbecause.com/news/mba-faculty/919/nobel-economist-michael-spence-joins-sda-bocconi-faculty\|title=Nobel Economist Michael Spence Joins SDA Bocconi Faculty\|date=July 25, 2011\|website=BusinessBecause\|access-date=June 18, 2016}}</ref>

	He is a senior fellow at [[Stanford University]]'s [[Hoover Institution]] and the Philip H. Knight Professor Emeritus of Management in the Graduate School of Business. Spence is also a Commissioner for the Global Commission on Internet Governance.<ref>{{Cite web\|title=Nobel laureate A. Michael Spence named Hoover Senior Fellow\|url=https://www.hoover.org/press-releases/nobel-laureate-michael-spence-named-hoover-senior-fellow\|website=Hoover Institution\|language=en\|access-date=2020-05-12}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.ourinternet.org/#commission\|title=OurInternet\|website=www.ourinternet.org\|date=20 January 2014\|access-date=June 14, 2016\|archive-date=26 July 2017\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170726193157/https://www.ourinternet.org/#commission\|url-status=dead}}</ref> Additionally, Spence is also a member of the [[Berggruen Institute]]'s 21st Century Council.<ref>{{cite web\|title=Berggruen Institute\|url=http://governance.berggruen.org/councils/21st-century-council/members\|access-date=2017-01-07\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180613084722/http://governance.berggruen.org/councils/21st-century-council/members\|archive-date=2018-06-13\|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>Forbes, Miguel. [https://www.forbes.com/sites/miguelforbes/2017/01/03/charles-taylor-wins-1m-first-inaugural-berggruen-nobel-prize/#64a123236c8d "Charles Taylor Wins $1M First Inaugural Berggruen Nobel Prize"], ''[[Forbes]]'', January 3, 2017.</ref>		He is a senior fellow at [[Stanford University]]'s [[Hoover Institution]] and the Philip H. Knight Professor Emeritus of Management in the Graduate School of Business. Spence is also a Commissioner for the Global Commission on Internet Governance.<ref>{{Cite web\|title=Nobel laureate A. Michael Spence named Hoover Senior Fellow\|url=https://www.hoover.org/press-releases/nobel-laureate-michael-spence-named-hoover-senior-fellow\|website=Hoover Institution\|language=en\|access-date=2020-05-12}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web\|url=https://www.ourinternet.org/#commission\|title=OurInternet\|website=www.ourinternet.org\|date=20 January 2014\|access-date=June 14, 2016\|archive-date=26 July 2017\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170726193157/https://www.ourinternet.org/#commission\|url-status=dead}}</ref> Additionally, Spence is also a member of the [[Berggruen Institute]]'s 21st Century Council.<ref>{{cite web\|title=Berggruen Institute\|url=http://governance.berggruen.org/councils/21st-century-council/members\|access-date=2017-01-07\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180613084722/http://governance.berggruen.org/councils/21st-century-council/members\|archive-date=2018-06-13\|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>Forbes, Miguel. [https://www.forbes.com/sites/miguelforbes/2017/01/03/charles-taylor-wins-1m-first-inaugural-berggruen-nobel-prize/#64a123236c8d "Charles Taylor Wins $1M First Inaugural Berggruen Nobel Prize"], ''[[Forbes]]'', January 3, 2017.</ref>