Norton Commando - Revision history

97.179.158.11: /* 850 cc models */ the Commando 850 wasn't 850 CC it was 828 cc, they just called it 850. The headline is incorrect with the "cc" included

2024-10-07T18:10:28Z

850 cc models: the Commando 850 wasn't 850 CC it was 828 cc, they just called it 850. The headline is incorrect with the "cc" included

← Previous revision		Revision as of 18:10, 7 October 2024
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	In 1973 the Interstate was available with the 850 engine, initially as an option but from October 1973 as the sole engine.<ref name="1973 Norton Commando" /> Production of the Interstate continued until 1977 when manufacture of the Commando stopped. During the final year most of the Commando production was of the Interstate model.<ref name="Henshaw2010 17" />		In 1973 the Interstate was available with the 850 engine, initially as an option but from October 1973 as the sole engine.<ref name="1973 Norton Commando" /> Production of the Interstate continued until 1977 when manufacture of the Commando stopped. During the final year most of the Commando production was of the Interstate model.<ref name="Henshaw2010 17" />

	===850 cc models===		===850 models===
	The larger 850 engine was introduced initially as an alternative to the 750, but as the sole option from late 1973. All 850 models were fitted with a front disc brake.<ref name="1973 Norton Commando" />		The larger 850 engine was introduced initially as an alternative to the 750, but as the sole option from late 1973. All 850 models were fitted with a front disc brake.<ref name="1973 Norton Commando" />

Neils51: replaced: it's → its (2), minor ce, typo(s) fixed: end result → result

2024-08-24T11:08:28Z

replaced: it's → its (2), minor ce, typo(s) fixed: end result → result

← Previous revision		Revision as of 11:08, 24 August 2024
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	[[File:Day 147 - West Midlands Police - Archived photograph of police bike & car CROP (cropped).jpg\|thumb\|[[West Midlands Police]] 1974 or '75 Norton Interpol beside a patrol car]]		[[File:Day 147 - West Midlands Police - Archived photograph of police bike & car CROP (cropped).jpg\|thumb\|[[West Midlands Police]] 1974 or '75 Norton Interpol beside a patrol car]]
	{{main\|Norton Interpol}}		{{main\|Norton Interpol}}
	After some police forces expressed interest in the Commando, Neale Shilton was recruited from Triumph to produce a Commando to police specifications. The ~~end~~ result was the 'Interpol' machine, which sold well to police forces, both at home and abroad. The 750 cc machine was fitted with panniers, top box, fairing, radio mountings, police lights, and auxiliary equipment.<ref name=":10" />		After some police forces expressed interest in the Commando, Neale Shilton was recruited from Triumph to produce a Commando to police specifications. The result was the 'Interpol' machine, which sold well to police forces, both at home and abroad. The 750 cc machine was fitted with panniers, top box, fairing, radio mountings, police lights, and auxiliary equipment.<ref name=":10" />

	The machine was first exhibited at the 1969 Brighton Bike Show and was fitted with an Avon fairing with a blue light and Craven panniers. The tank was derived from the Atlas, but with a modified underside to clear the Commando's top frame tube, and a single seat. Shilton took the bike around the UK demonstrating it to the various police forces. Once production started, the basic machine was assembled in the factory and the accessories such as fairings and panniers were fitted off-site.<ref name="Norton Interpol History pg1">{{cite web \|title=Norton Interpol History \|url=http://www.policebikes.org.uk/page139.html \|website=www.policebikes.org.uk \|access-date=31 May 2021 \|page=1}}</ref> The exact specification varied dependent on the individual forces' requirement.<ref name="Henshaw2010 13" /> A disc front brake was offered as an option in 1971 and became standard in 1972. Fitment required new handlebars so the master cylinder cleared the fairing. Reverse cone silencers were fitted in 1972, but not upswept like other models in the Commando range so as to give room for the panniers. The larger Interstate tank was fitted from 1972<ref name="Interpol History pg 2">{{cite web \|title=Interpol History \|url=http://www.policebikes.org.uk/page140.html \|website=www.policebikes.org.uk \|access-date=31 May 2021 \|page=2}}</ref>		The machine was first exhibited at the 1969 Brighton Bike Show and was fitted with an Avon fairing with a blue light and Craven panniers. The tank was derived from the Atlas, but with a modified underside to clear the Commando's top frame tube, and a single seat. Shilton took the bike around the UK demonstrating it to the various police forces. Once production started, the basic machine was assembled in the factory and the accessories such as fairings and panniers were fitted off-site.<ref name="Norton Interpol History pg1">{{cite web \|title=Norton Interpol History \|url=http://www.policebikes.org.uk/page139.html \|website=www.policebikes.org.uk \|access-date=31 May 2021 \|page=1}}</ref> The exact specification varied dependent on the individual forces' requirement.<ref name="Henshaw2010 13" /> A disc front brake was offered as an option in 1971 and became standard in 1972. Fitment required new handlebars so the master cylinder cleared the fairing. Reverse cone silencers were fitted in 1972, but not upswept like other models in the Commando range so as to give room for the panniers. The larger Interstate tank was fitted from 1972<ref name="Interpol History pg 2">{{cite web \|title=Interpol History \|url=http://www.policebikes.org.uk/page140.html \|website=www.policebikes.org.uk \|access-date=31 May 2021 \|page=2}}</ref>
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	====8 valve====		====8 valve====

	In an attempt to prolong the Commando's production life by increasing ~~it's~~ power, Poore commissioned Piper Engineering of [[Ashford, Kent]] to produce an [[Multi-valve\|eight valve head]]. An engine with the new head was produced which Piper claimed produced {{convert\|90\|bhp\|abbr=on}}. The engine was examined by NVT Research Department at Kitts Green by Doug Hele, Norman Hyde and John Barton. They considered that the forked [[Rocker arm\|rockers]] and rocker posts would need redesigning to avoid breakages. They were also concerned the stiff valve springs fitted could lead to excessive [[camshaft]] wear and [[pushrod]] breakages. The engine was fitted to a bike and tested at [[MIRA Ltd.\|MIRA]] by Barton.{{sfn\|Watson\|1988}}		In an attempt to prolong the Commando's production life by increasing its power, Poore commissioned Piper Engineering of [[Ashford, Kent]] to produce an [[Multi-valve\|eight valve head]]. An engine with the new head was produced which Piper claimed produced {{convert\|90\|bhp\|abbr=on}}. The engine was examined by NVT Research Department at Kitts Green by Doug Hele, Norman Hyde and John Barton. They considered that the forked [[Rocker arm\|rockers]] and rocker posts would need redesigning to avoid breakages. They were also concerned the stiff valve springs fitted could lead to excessive [[camshaft]] wear and [[pushrod]] breakages. The engine was fitted to a bike and tested at [[MIRA Ltd.\|MIRA]] by Barton.{{sfn\|Watson\|1988}}

	The 8 valve engine was tested on a [[dynamometer]] against a racing 4 valve engine supplied by Norton's Thruxton Race Shop. Both engines produced {{convert\|74\|bhp\|abbr=on}} although the 8 valve produced slightly more mid-range power.{{sfn\|Watson\|1988}}		The 8 valve engine was tested on a [[dynamometer]] against a racing 4 valve engine supplied by Norton's Thruxton Race Shop. Both engines produced {{convert\|74\|bhp\|abbr=on}} although the 8 valve produced slightly more mid-range power.{{sfn\|Watson\|1988}}
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	====Commando 900 Trisolastic====		====Commando 900 Trisolastic====

	With the Norton twin engine nearing the end of ~~it's~~ life in 1975, fitting a Triumph triple into the Commando frame was considered.{{sfn\|Classic Bike Guide\|2015}} A {{convert\|870\|cc\|abbr=on}} T180 engine was fitted into a Commando Roadster at Kitts Green. Although the prototype had good speed and handling,{{sfn\|Classic Bike Guide\|2015}} the isolastic mounting failed to isolate the rider from vibrations.{{sfn\|KB Style\|2022}}		With the Norton twin engine nearing the end of its life in 1975, fitting a Triumph triple into the Commando frame was considered.{{sfn\|Classic Bike Guide\|2015}} A {{convert\|870\|cc\|abbr=on}} T180 engine was fitted into a Commando Roadster at Kitts Green. Although the prototype had good speed and handling,{{sfn\|Classic Bike Guide\|2015}} the isolastic mounting failed to isolate the rider from vibrations.{{sfn\|KB Style\|2022}}

	{{rquote\|2=The Trisolastic was never as smooth as we would have liked. Apparently the vibrations of the three cylinder were different from those of the Norton twin. We tried numerous motor insulating assemblies, without ever finding the solution\|3=Doug Hele{{sfn\|KB Style\|2022}}}}		{{rquote\|2=The Trisolastic was never as smooth as we would have liked. Apparently the vibrations of the three cylinder were different from those of the Norton twin. We tried numerous motor insulating assemblies, without ever finding the solution\|3=Doug Hele{{sfn\|KB Style\|2022}}}}
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	Following the closure of the Wolverhampton factory the workers, led by a Senior Shop Stewards Action Committee, occupied the factory. They hoped to create a workers cooperative similar to that at Meriden.{{sfn\|Kilborn\|1975}} In February 1976 an updated version of the Commando, the Norton 76, was shown to the public.{{sfn\|Watson\|1977}}		Following the closure of the Wolverhampton factory the workers, led by a Senior Shop Stewards Action Committee, occupied the factory. They hoped to create a workers cooperative similar to that at Meriden.{{sfn\|Kilborn\|1975}} In February 1976 an updated version of the Commando, the Norton 76, was shown to the public.{{sfn\|Watson\|1977}}

	The Norton 76, designed by Bernard Hooper and John Flavill, incorporated the engine improvements developed for the proposed Mk IV Commando including a reworked cylinder head with 10.5:1 compression ratio and a SU carburettor and met the proposed US emission regulations. The wheelbase was lengthened to {{convert\|60\|inch\|abbr=on}} by lengthening the swinging arm and changing the steering head angle. Italian [		The Norton 76, designed by Bernard Hooper and John Flavill, incorporated the engine improvements developed for the proposed Mk IV Commando including a reworked cylinder head with 10.5:1 compression ratio and a SU carburettor and met the proposed US emission regulations. The wheelbase was lengthened to {{convert\|60\|inch\|abbr=on}} by lengthening the swinging arm and changing the steering head angle. Italian Paioli forks were used. FPS cast alloy wheels were fitted. Braking was by twin discs on the front and a single disc at the rear, all fitted with [[Brembo]] callipers. A restyled tank was fitted.{{sfn\|Watson\|1977}} The cooperative failed to raise the necessary funding and the bike never entered production.{{sfn\|Wolverhampton History & Heritage}}
	Paioli forks were used. FPS cast alloy wheels were fitted. Braking was by twin discs on the front and a single disc at the rear, all fitted with [[Brembo]] callipers. A restyled tank was fitted.{{sfn\|Watson\|1977}} The cooperative failed to raise the necessary funding and the bike never entered production.{{sfn\|Wolverhampton History & Heritage}}

	==Racing==		==Racing==
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	The 1974 model was built with a compact space frame to keep the frontal area as small as possible and was again fitted with an all-enveloping peel-style fairing.{{sfn\|Cathcart\|2018}} Williams and Dave Croxford competed at a number of European such as Imola{{sfn\|Oxley\|2020}} and [[Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps\|Spa]], where Williams won.{{sfn\|Aynsley\|2019}}		The 1974 model was built with a compact space frame to keep the frontal area as small as possible and was again fitted with an all-enveloping peel-style fairing.{{sfn\|Cathcart\|2018}} Williams and Dave Croxford competed at a number of European such as Imola{{sfn\|Oxley\|2020}} and [[Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps\|Spa]], where Williams won.{{sfn\|Aynsley\|2019}}

	The John Player sponsorship had been for 3 years. As Norton's parent company at the time, [[Norton Villiers Triumph]], were experiencing financial difficulties, the racing programme was cut back. The sponsorship deal with John Player ~~wasn't~~ renewed.{{sfn\|Cooper\|2019}}{{sfn\|Magrath\|1997\|p=138}}		The John Player sponsorship had been for three years. As Norton's parent company at the time, [[Norton Villiers Triumph]], were experiencing financial difficulties, the racing programme was cut back. The sponsorship deal with John Player was not renewed.{{sfn\|Cooper\|2019}}{{sfn\|Magrath\|1997\|p=138}}

	In 1975 the race shop produced 10 over the counter club racers, the TX750 "Thruxton Club" Racer. The machines used a modified Commando frame and the short stroke motor.<ref>{{cite web \|title=1975 "TX750" Thruxton Club Racer \|url=https://andover-norton.co.uk/en/our-bikes/detail/555 \|website=andover-norton.co.uk \|access-date=5 June 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web \|title=NVT Sales Leaflet Norton "Thruxton Club" Racer \|url=https://www.accessnorton.com/attachments/thruxtonclubracer_zpsda54c2e4-jpg.68276/ \|via=www.accessnorton.com \|access-date=5 June 2021}}</ref>		In 1975 the race shop produced ten over-the-counter club racers, the TX750 "Thruxton Club" Racer. The machines used a modified Commando frame and the short stroke motor.<ref>{{cite web \|title=1975 "TX750" Thruxton Club Racer \|url=https://andover-norton.co.uk/en/our-bikes/detail/555 \|website=andover-norton.co.uk \|access-date=5 June 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web \|title=NVT Sales Leaflet Norton "Thruxton Club" Racer \|url=https://www.accessnorton.com/attachments/thruxtonclubracer_zpsda54c2e4-jpg.68276/ \|via=www.accessnorton.com \|access-date=5 June 2021}}</ref>

	==Commando revival==		==Commando revival==
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	Following on from the VR880, Kenny Dreer of Vintage wanted to build an all-new motorcycle as a successor to the Commando. With funding from Oliver Curme, Dreer hired a small design and development team led by Paul Gaudio (Design and Development Director), Simon-Pierre Smith (Lead Engineer), and Patrick Leyshock (Testing, Sourcing.) The new machine, called the ''961 Commando'' never reached production in America due to lack of funding, and the company closed its doors in April 2006.<ref name="Hoyer2004">{{harvnb\|Hoyer\|2004\|pp=44–45}}</ref>		Following on from the VR880, Kenny Dreer of Vintage wanted to build an all-new motorcycle as a successor to the Commando. With funding from Oliver Curme, Dreer hired a small design and development team led by Paul Gaudio (Design and Development Director), Simon-Pierre Smith (Lead Engineer), and Patrick Leyshock (Testing, Sourcing.) The new machine, called the ''961 Commando'' never reached production in America due to lack of funding, and the company closed its doors in April 2006.<ref name="Hoyer2004">{{harvnb\|Hoyer\|2004\|pp=44–45}}</ref>

	UK businessman Stuart Garner bought the rights to the design in 2008 and established a new factory at [[Donington Park]], [[Leicestershire]].<ref name="Kerr2009">{{harvnb\|Kerr\|2009}}</ref> The first machine came off the production line in March 2010.<ref name="Aspel2010">{{harvnb\|Aspel\|2010}}</ref> The 961 Commando was very well received; its design echoed that of the old [[Pre-unit construction\|pre-unit]] [[pushrod]] design, but was more modern, with an output of 79bhp, five-gears, Ohlins suspension and effective disc brakes.<ref>~~MCN review 2009-~~ [https://www.motorcyclenews.com/bike-reviews/norton/commando-961/2009/]</ref> Production continued for more than a decade, but the Donington factory closes in 2020, and the "Norton" trademarked name and assets were transferred to an Indian-owned firm, [[TVS Motor Company]], based in Solar Park, Solihull.<ref>~~Staffordshire life review~~[https://www.staffordshire-live.co.uk/news/local-news/norton-motorcycles-moves-new-hq-4937483]</ref> TVS further refined the design and improved the build quality, and the "upgraded" 961 was released in 2023 to great acclaim.<ref>~~MCN review 2023-~~ [https://www.motorcyclenews.com/bike-reviews/norton/commando-961/2023/]</ref>		UK businessman Stuart Garner bought the rights to the design in 2008 and established a new factory at [[Donington Park]], [[Leicestershire]].<ref name="Kerr2009">{{harvnb\|Kerr\|2009}}</ref> The first machine came off the production line in March 2010.<ref name="Aspel2010">{{harvnb\|Aspel\|2010}}</ref> The 961 Commando was very well received; its design echoed that of the old [[Pre-unit construction\|pre-unit]] [[pushrod]] design, but was more modern, with an output of 79bhp, five-gears, Ohlins suspension and effective disc brakes.<ref>[https://www.motorcyclenews.com/bike-reviews/norton/commando-961/2009/ MCN review 2009-]</ref> Production continued for more than a decade, but the Donington factory closes in 2020, and the "Norton" trademarked name and assets were transferred to an Indian-owned firm, [[TVS Motor Company]], based in Solar Park, Solihull.<ref>[https://www.staffordshire-live.co.uk/news/local-news/norton-motorcycles-moves-new-hq-4937483 Staffordshire life review]</ref> TVS further refined the design and improved the build quality, and the "upgraded" 961 was released in 2023 to great acclaim.<ref>[https://www.motorcyclenews.com/bike-reviews/norton/commando-961/2023/ MCN review 2023-]</ref>

	==In ~~Film~~ and ~~Television~~==		==In film and television==
	The Commando 850 is used in as the titular villainous bike in the 1990 horror film [[I Bought a Vampire Motorcycle\|I bought a vampire motorcycle]]		The Commando 850 is used in as the titular villainous bike in the 1990 horror film [[I Bought a Vampire Motorcycle\|I bought a vampire motorcycle]]

John B123: /* Bibliography */ Removed Brooke2002 - no longer used

2024-08-24T06:38:43Z

Bibliography: Removed Brooke2002 - no longer used

← Previous revision		Revision as of 06:38, 24 August 2024
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	* {{cite book \|last1=Bacon \|first1=Roy H. \|title=Norton Commando, All Models \|date=1989 \|publisher=Niton Publishing \|isbn=9780951420430 \|language=en}}		* {{cite book \|last1=Bacon \|first1=Roy H. \|title=Norton Commando, All Models \|date=1989 \|publisher=Niton Publishing \|isbn=9780951420430 \|language=en}}
	* {{cite web \|last1=Branch \|first1=Ben \|title=The Original Norton Commando Production Racer - The Yellow Peril \|url=https://silodrome.com/norton-commando-production-racer-yellow-peril/ \|website=Silodrome \|access-date=13 May 2021 \|date=24 May 2018}}		* {{cite web \|last1=Branch \|first1=Ben \|title=The Original Norton Commando Production Racer - The Yellow Peril \|url=https://silodrome.com/norton-commando-production-racer-yellow-peril/ \|website=Silodrome \|access-date=13 May 2021 \|date=24 May 2018}}
	* {{cite book \|last1=Brooke \|first1=Lindsay \|title=Triumph : A Century of Passion and Power \|publisher=MotorBooks International \|isbn=9781610592277 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I8sIulyI7xoC&q=trident+frame+in+commando+frame+prototype&pg=PA125 \|language=en\|year=2002}}
	* {{cite book \|last1=Brown \|first1=Roland \|title=Ultimate History Of Fast Bikes \|date=2004 \|publisher=Parragon \|isbn=9781405437325 \|language=en\|id= {{ASIN\|1405437324\|country=uk}} }}		* {{cite book \|last1=Brown \|first1=Roland \|title=Ultimate History Of Fast Bikes \|date=2004 \|publisher=Parragon \|isbn=9781405437325 \|language=en\|id= {{ASIN\|1405437324\|country=uk}} }}
	* {{cite web \|last1=Cathcart \|first1=Alan \|title=John Player Norton Monocoque \|url=https://www.accessnorton.com/NortonCommando/jpn-monocoque-specs.22118/ \|website=Moto Tech \|via=www.accessnorton.com \|access-date=22 May 2021 \|date=September–October 2008}}		* {{cite web \|last1=Cathcart \|first1=Alan \|title=John Player Norton Monocoque \|url=https://www.accessnorton.com/NortonCommando/jpn-monocoque-specs.22118/ \|website=Moto Tech \|via=www.accessnorton.com \|access-date=22 May 2021 \|date=September–October 2008}}

John B123: /* Prototypes */ Removed duplicate content

2024-08-24T06:37:37Z

Prototypes: Removed duplicate content

← Previous revision		Revision as of 06:37, 24 August 2024
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	===Prototypes===		===Prototypes===
	An updated model, the 'Norton 76' was planned for 1976 but never reached production. The model featured cast wheels, twin front disc brakes and a new tank and seat.<ref name="Tanshanomi">{{cite web \|last1=Tanshanomi \|first1=Peter \|title=Two Wheel Tuesday: Last Gasp Norton Isolastics \|url=https://hooniverse.com/two-wheel-tuesday-last-gasp-norton-isolastics/ \|website=Hooniverse \|access-date=14 September 2018 \|date=6 January 2015 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230114071122/https://hooniverse.com/two-wheel-tuesday-last-gasp-norton-isolastics/ \|archive-date=14 January 2023 \|url-status=live }}</ref>

	====8 valve====		====8 valve====

John B123: /* Bibliography */ Added Wolverhampton History & Heritage

2024-08-24T06:36:26Z

Bibliography: Added Wolverhampton History & Heritage

← Previous revision		Revision as of 06:36, 24 August 2024
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	* {{cite book \|last1=Williams \|first1=Peter \|title=Peter Williams Designed To Race \|date=14 October 2012 \|publisher=Brooklands Books \|isbn=978-1-85520-956-5 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-9-VDwAAQBAJ&q=combat&pg=PT268 \|language=en}}		* {{cite book \|last1=Williams \|first1=Peter \|title=Peter Williams Designed To Race \|date=14 October 2012 \|publisher=Brooklands Books \|isbn=978-1-85520-956-5 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-9-VDwAAQBAJ&q=combat&pg=PT268 \|language=en}}
	* {{cite web \|title=Norton Trisolastic à moteur Triumph 1975 \|trans-title=Norton Trisolastic with Triumph engine 1975 \|url=https://www.moto-collection.org/moto-collection/modele.php?idfiche=7316 \|website=www.moto-collection.org \|access-date=6 January 2024 \|ref={{harvid\|moto-collection.org}} \|language=Fr}}		* {{cite web \|title=Norton Trisolastic à moteur Triumph 1975 \|trans-title=Norton Trisolastic with Triumph engine 1975 \|url=https://www.moto-collection.org/moto-collection/modele.php?idfiche=7316 \|website=www.moto-collection.org \|access-date=6 January 2024 \|ref={{harvid\|moto-collection.org}} \|language=Fr}}
			* {{cite web \|title=Norton Villiers motorcycles \|url=http://www.historywebsite.co.uk/Museum/Transport/Motorcycles/NortonVilliers.htm \|website=Wolverhampton History & Heritage \|access-date=26 November 2023 \|ref={{harvid\|Wolverhampton History & Heritage}}}}
	* {{cite magazine \|title=Press Bike & Prototype \|magazine=Classic Bike Guide \|date=October 2015 \|url=https://archive.org/stream/Classic_Bike_Guide_October_2015_UK/Classic_Bike_Guide_October_2015_UK_djvu.txt \|ref={{harvid\|Classic Bike Guide \|2015}} \|via=Internet Archive}}		* {{cite magazine \|title=Press Bike & Prototype \|magazine=Classic Bike Guide \|date=October 2015 \|url=https://archive.org/stream/Classic_Bike_Guide_October_2015_UK/Classic_Bike_Guide_October_2015_UK_djvu.txt \|ref={{harvid\|Classic Bike Guide \|2015}} \|via=Internet Archive}}
	* {{cite web \|title=The National Motorcycle Museum : where Legends Live On \|url=https://www.kb-style.fr/actus-news/welcome-to-the-national-motorcycle-useum/ \|website=KB Style \|access-date=6 January 2024 \|ref={{harvid\|KB Style\|2022}} \|language=fr-FR \|date=20 May 2022}}		* {{cite web \|title=The National Motorcycle Museum : where Legends Live On \|url=https://www.kb-style.fr/actus-news/welcome-to-the-national-motorcycle-useum/ \|website=KB Style \|access-date=6 January 2024 \|ref={{harvid\|KB Style\|2022}} \|language=fr-FR \|date=20 May 2022}}

John B123: /* Bibliography */ Added Watson1977

2024-08-24T06:35:04Z

Bibliography: Added Watson1977

← Previous revision		Revision as of 06:35, 24 August 2024
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	* {{cite web \|last1=Thistle \|first1=Peter \|title=1967 - 1978 \|url=https://www.nortonownersclub.org/history/1967-1978 \|via=Norton Owners Club \|access-date=2 June 2021 \|date=1989}}		* {{cite web \|last1=Thistle \|first1=Peter \|title=1967 - 1978 \|url=https://www.nortonownersclub.org/history/1967-1978 \|via=Norton Owners Club \|access-date=2 June 2021 \|date=1989}}
	* {{cite web \|last1=Wacker \|first1=Tom \|title=1972 Norton Commando Combat \|url=https://www.bike-urious.com/1972-norton-commando-combat/ \|website=Bike-urious \|access-date=30 May 2021 \|date=13 May 2017}}		* {{cite web \|last1=Wacker \|first1=Tom \|title=1972 Norton Commando Combat \|url=https://www.bike-urious.com/1972-norton-commando-combat/ \|website=Bike-urious \|access-date=30 May 2021 \|date=13 May 2017}}
			* {{cite magazine \|last1=Watson \|first1=Peter \|title=Can The Norton 76 Make It In '77 \|magazine=[[Bike (magazine)\|Bike]] \|date=April 1977 \|pages=22–27, 73 \|url=https://www.accessnorton.com/NortonCommando/norton-76-2013.13526/page-2 \|via=Access Norton}}
	* {{cite magazine \|last1=Watson \|first1=Peter \|title=Force Eight \|magazine=Classic Bike \|date=June 1988 \|pages=24–26 \|url=https://www.accessnorton.com/NortonCommando/8-valve-head-conversion.8284/page-3 \|via=Access Norton}}		* {{cite magazine \|last1=Watson \|first1=Peter \|title=Force Eight \|magazine=Classic Bike \|date=June 1988 \|pages=24–26 \|url=https://www.accessnorton.com/NortonCommando/8-valve-head-conversion.8284/page-3 \|via=Access Norton}}
	* {{cite book \|last1=White \|first1=Norman \|title=Norton Commando Restoration Manual \|date=23 November 2020 \|publisher=The Crowood Press \|isbn=978-1-78500-760-6 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IAYPEAAAQBAJ&q=norton+commando+production \|language=en}}		* {{cite book \|last1=White \|first1=Norman \|title=Norton Commando Restoration Manual \|date=23 November 2020 \|publisher=The Crowood Press \|isbn=978-1-78500-760-6 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IAYPEAAAQBAJ&q=norton+commando+production \|language=en}}

John B123: /* Bibliography */ Added Kilborn1975

2024-08-24T06:33:44Z

Bibliography: Added Kilborn1975

← Previous revision		Revision as of 06:33, 24 August 2024
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	* {{cite web \|last1=Hoyer \|first1=Mark \|title=The American Era of Norton Motorcycles \|url=https://www.cycleworld.com/american-era-of-norton-motorcycles-and-kenny-dreer-contributions/ \|website=Cycle World \|access-date=5 June 2021 \|language=en \|date=22 April 2016}}		* {{cite web \|last1=Hoyer \|first1=Mark \|title=The American Era of Norton Motorcycles \|url=https://www.cycleworld.com/american-era-of-norton-motorcycles-and-kenny-dreer-contributions/ \|website=Cycle World \|access-date=5 June 2021 \|language=en \|date=22 April 2016}}
	* {{cite web \|last1=Kerr \|first1=Ian \|title=Stuart Garner, the New Face of Norton Motorcycles \|url=https://www.motorcycleclassics.com/classic-british-motorcycles/stuart-garner-norton-motorcycles/ \|website=motorcycleclassics.com \|access-date=5 June 2021 \|date=3 August 2009}}		* {{cite web \|last1=Kerr \|first1=Ian \|title=Stuart Garner, the New Face of Norton Motorcycles \|url=https://www.motorcycleclassics.com/classic-british-motorcycles/stuart-garner-norton-motorcycles/ \|website=motorcycleclassics.com \|access-date=5 June 2021 \|date=3 August 2009}}
			* {{cite news \|last1=Kilborn \|first1=Peter T. \|title=Britain's Motorcycle Industry Sputtering \|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1975/08/20/archives/britains-motorcycle-industry-sputtering-1500-workers-refuse-to.html \|work=[[The New York Times]] \|date=20 August 1975 \|page=49}}
	* {{cite book \|last=Magrath \|first=Derek \|title=Norton the Complete Story \|series=Crowood Classics \|orig-year=1991 \|year=1997 \|publisher=The Crowood Press \|location=Rambsbury \|isbn=1-86126-062-8}}		* {{cite book \|last=Magrath \|first=Derek \|title=Norton the Complete Story \|series=Crowood Classics \|orig-year=1991 \|year=1997 \|publisher=The Crowood Press \|location=Rambsbury \|isbn=1-86126-062-8}}
	* {{cite web \|last1=Oxley \|first1=Mat \|title='You'd have a couple of pints, then go and race': talking with Dave Croxford \|url=https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/articles/motorcycles/motogp/youd-have-a-couple-of-pints-then-go-and-race-talking-with-dave-croxford \|website=Motor Sport Magazine \|access-date=24 May 2021 \|date=24 April 2020}}		* {{cite web \|last1=Oxley \|first1=Mat \|title='You'd have a couple of pints, then go and race': talking with Dave Croxford \|url=https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/articles/motorcycles/motogp/youd-have-a-couple-of-pints-then-go-and-race-talking-with-dave-croxford \|website=Motor Sport Magazine \|access-date=24 May 2021 \|date=24 April 2020}}

John B123: /* Norton 76 */ ce

2024-08-24T06:31:47Z

Norton 76: ce

← Previous revision		Revision as of 06:31, 24 August 2024
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	====Norton 76====		====Norton 76====
	Following the closure of the Wolverhampton factory the workers, led by a Senior Shop Stewards Action Committee, occupied the factory. They hoped to create a workers cooperative similar to that at Meriden.{{sfn\|Kilborn\|1975}} In February 1976 an updated version of the Commando, the Norton 76, was shown to the public.{{sfn\|Watson\|1977~~\|p=24~~}}		Following the closure of the Wolverhampton factory the workers, led by a Senior Shop Stewards Action Committee, occupied the factory. They hoped to create a workers cooperative similar to that at Meriden.{{sfn\|Kilborn\|1975}} In February 1976 an updated version of the Commando, the Norton 76, was shown to the public.{{sfn\|Watson\|1977}}

	The Norton 76, designed by Bernard Hooper and John Flavill, incorporated the engine improvements developed for the proposed Mk IV Commando including a reworked cylinder head with 10.5:1 compression ratio and a SU carburettor and met the proposed US emission regulations. The wheelbase was lengthened to {{convert\|60\|inch\|abbr=on}} by lengthening the swinging arm and changing the steering head angle. Italian [		The Norton 76, designed by Bernard Hooper and John Flavill, incorporated the engine improvements developed for the proposed Mk IV Commando including a reworked cylinder head with 10.5:1 compression ratio and a SU carburettor and met the proposed US emission regulations. The wheelbase was lengthened to {{convert\|60\|inch\|abbr=on}} by lengthening the swinging arm and changing the steering head angle. Italian [

John B123: /* Prototypes */ Norton 76

2024-08-24T06:30:56Z

Prototypes: Norton 76

← Previous revision		Revision as of 06:30, 24 August 2024
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	''Trisolastic'' is derived from ''tri'' referring to both Triumph and the 3 cylinder engine, and ''isolastic'' from the Commando's rubber mounting system.{{sfn\|moto-collection.org}} The prototype is on display at the British [[National Motorcycle Museum (UK)\|National Motorcycle Museum]].{{sfn\|Classic Bike Guide\|2015}}		''Trisolastic'' is derived from ''tri'' referring to both Triumph and the 3 cylinder engine, and ''isolastic'' from the Commando's rubber mounting system.{{sfn\|moto-collection.org}} The prototype is on display at the British [[National Motorcycle Museum (UK)\|National Motorcycle Museum]].{{sfn\|Classic Bike Guide\|2015}}

			====Norton 76====
			Following the closure of the Wolverhampton factory the workers, led by a Senior Shop Stewards Action Committee, occupied the factory. They hoped to create a workers cooperative similar to that at Meriden.{{sfn\|Kilborn\|1975}} In February 1976 an updated version of the Commando, the Norton 76, was shown to the public.{{sfn\|Watson\|1977\|p=24}}

			The Norton 76, designed by Bernard Hooper and John Flavill, incorporated the engine improvements developed for the proposed Mk IV Commando including a reworked cylinder head with 10.5:1 compression ratio and a SU carburettor and met the proposed US emission regulations. The wheelbase was lengthened to {{convert\|60\|inch\|abbr=on}} by lengthening the swinging arm and changing the steering head angle. Italian [
			Paioli forks were used. FPS cast alloy wheels were fitted. Braking was by twin discs on the front and a single disc at the rear, all fitted with [[Brembo]] callipers. A restyled tank was fitted.{{sfn\|Watson\|1977}} The cooperative failed to raise the necessary funding and the bike never entered production.{{sfn\|Wolverhampton History & Heritage}}

	==Racing==		==Racing==

John B123: /* Bibliography */ Added moto-collection.org

2024-08-24T05:35:11Z

Bibliography: Added moto-collection.org

← Previous revision		Revision as of 05:35, 24 August 2024
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	* {{cite book \|last1=White \|first1=Norman \|title=Norton Commando Restoration Manual \|date=23 November 2020 \|publisher=The Crowood Press \|isbn=978-1-78500-760-6 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IAYPEAAAQBAJ&q=norton+commando+production \|language=en}}		* {{cite book \|last1=White \|first1=Norman \|title=Norton Commando Restoration Manual \|date=23 November 2020 \|publisher=The Crowood Press \|isbn=978-1-78500-760-6 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IAYPEAAAQBAJ&q=norton+commando+production \|language=en}}
	* {{cite book \|last1=Williams \|first1=Peter \|title=Peter Williams Designed To Race \|date=14 October 2012 \|publisher=Brooklands Books \|isbn=978-1-85520-956-5 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-9-VDwAAQBAJ&q=combat&pg=PT268 \|language=en}}		* {{cite book \|last1=Williams \|first1=Peter \|title=Peter Williams Designed To Race \|date=14 October 2012 \|publisher=Brooklands Books \|isbn=978-1-85520-956-5 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-9-VDwAAQBAJ&q=combat&pg=PT268 \|language=en}}
			* {{cite web \|title=Norton Trisolastic à moteur Triumph 1975 \|trans-title=Norton Trisolastic with Triumph engine 1975 \|url=https://www.moto-collection.org/moto-collection/modele.php?idfiche=7316 \|website=www.moto-collection.org \|access-date=6 January 2024 \|ref={{harvid\|moto-collection.org}} \|language=Fr}}
	* {{cite magazine \|title=Press Bike & Prototype \|magazine=Classic Bike Guide \|date=October 2015 \|url=https://archive.org/stream/Classic_Bike_Guide_October_2015_UK/Classic_Bike_Guide_October_2015_UK_djvu.txt \|ref={{harvid\|Classic Bike Guide \|2015}} \|via=Internet Archive}}		* {{cite magazine \|title=Press Bike & Prototype \|magazine=Classic Bike Guide \|date=October 2015 \|url=https://archive.org/stream/Classic_Bike_Guide_October_2015_UK/Classic_Bike_Guide_October_2015_UK_djvu.txt \|ref={{harvid\|Classic Bike Guide \|2015}} \|via=Internet Archive}}
	* {{cite web \|title=The National Motorcycle Museum : where Legends Live On \|url=https://www.kb-style.fr/actus-news/welcome-to-the-national-motorcycle-useum/ \|website=KB Style \|access-date=6 January 2024 \|ref={{harvid\|KB Style\|2022}} \|language=fr-FR \|date=20 May 2022}}		* {{cite web \|title=The National Motorcycle Museum : where Legends Live On \|url=https://www.kb-style.fr/actus-news/welcome-to-the-national-motorcycle-useum/ \|website=KB Style \|access-date=6 January 2024 \|ref={{harvid\|KB Style\|2022}} \|language=fr-FR \|date=20 May 2022}}

← Previous revision		Revision as of 11:08, 24 August 2024
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	[[File:Day 147 - West Midlands Police - Archived photograph of police bike & car CROP (cropped).jpg\|thumb\|[[West Midlands Police]] 1974 or '75 Norton Interpol beside a patrol car]]		[[File:Day 147 - West Midlands Police - Archived photograph of police bike & car CROP (cropped).jpg\|thumb\|[[West Midlands Police]] 1974 or '75 Norton Interpol beside a patrol car]]
	{{main\|Norton Interpol}}		{{main\|Norton Interpol}}
	After some police forces expressed interest in the Commando, Neale Shilton was recruited from Triumph to produce a Commando to police specifications. The ~~end~~ result was the 'Interpol' machine, which sold well to police forces, both at home and abroad. The 750 cc machine was fitted with panniers, top box, fairing, radio mountings, police lights, and auxiliary equipment.<ref name=":10" />		After some police forces expressed interest in the Commando, Neale Shilton was recruited from Triumph to produce a Commando to police specifications. The result was the 'Interpol' machine, which sold well to police forces, both at home and abroad. The 750 cc machine was fitted with panniers, top box, fairing, radio mountings, police lights, and auxiliary equipment.<ref name=":10" />

	The machine was first exhibited at the 1969 Brighton Bike Show and was fitted with an Avon fairing with a blue light and Craven panniers. The tank was derived from the Atlas, but with a modified underside to clear the Commando's top frame tube, and a single seat. Shilton took the bike around the UK demonstrating it to the various police forces. Once production started, the basic machine was assembled in the factory and the accessories such as fairings and panniers were fitted off-site.<ref name="Norton Interpol History pg1">{{cite web \|title=Norton Interpol History \|url=http://www.policebikes.org.uk/page139.html \|website=www.policebikes.org.uk \|access-date=31 May 2021 \|page=1}}</ref> The exact specification varied dependent on the individual forces' requirement.<ref name="Henshaw2010 13" /> A disc front brake was offered as an option in 1971 and became standard in 1972. Fitment required new handlebars so the master cylinder cleared the fairing. Reverse cone silencers were fitted in 1972, but not upswept like other models in the Commando range so as to give room for the panniers. The larger Interstate tank was fitted from 1972<ref name="Interpol History pg 2">{{cite web \|title=Interpol History \|url=http://www.policebikes.org.uk/page140.html \|website=www.policebikes.org.uk \|access-date=31 May 2021 \|page=2}}</ref>		The machine was first exhibited at the 1969 Brighton Bike Show and was fitted with an Avon fairing with a blue light and Craven panniers. The tank was derived from the Atlas, but with a modified underside to clear the Commando's top frame tube, and a single seat. Shilton took the bike around the UK demonstrating it to the various police forces. Once production started, the basic machine was assembled in the factory and the accessories such as fairings and panniers were fitted off-site.<ref name="Norton Interpol History pg1">{{cite web \|title=Norton Interpol History \|url=http://www.policebikes.org.uk/page139.html \|website=www.policebikes.org.uk \|access-date=31 May 2021 \|page=1}}</ref> The exact specification varied dependent on the individual forces' requirement.<ref name="Henshaw2010 13" /> A disc front brake was offered as an option in 1971 and became standard in 1972. Fitment required new handlebars so the master cylinder cleared the fairing. Reverse cone silencers were fitted in 1972, but not upswept like other models in the Commando range so as to give room for the panniers. The larger Interstate tank was fitted from 1972<ref name="Interpol History pg 2">{{cite web \|title=Interpol History \|url=http://www.policebikes.org.uk/page140.html \|website=www.policebikes.org.uk \|access-date=31 May 2021 \|page=2}}</ref>
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	====8 valve====		====8 valve====

	In an attempt to prolong the Commando's production life by increasing ~~it's~~ power, Poore commissioned Piper Engineering of [[Ashford, Kent]] to produce an [[Multi-valve\|eight valve head]]. An engine with the new head was produced which Piper claimed produced {{convert\|90\|bhp\|abbr=on}}. The engine was examined by NVT Research Department at Kitts Green by Doug Hele, Norman Hyde and John Barton. They considered that the forked [[Rocker arm\|rockers]] and rocker posts would need redesigning to avoid breakages. They were also concerned the stiff valve springs fitted could lead to excessive [[camshaft]] wear and [[pushrod]] breakages. The engine was fitted to a bike and tested at [[MIRA Ltd.\|MIRA]] by Barton.{{sfn\|Watson\|1988}}		In an attempt to prolong the Commando's production life by increasing its power, Poore commissioned Piper Engineering of [[Ashford, Kent]] to produce an [[Multi-valve\|eight valve head]]. An engine with the new head was produced which Piper claimed produced {{convert\|90\|bhp\|abbr=on}}. The engine was examined by NVT Research Department at Kitts Green by Doug Hele, Norman Hyde and John Barton. They considered that the forked [[Rocker arm\|rockers]] and rocker posts would need redesigning to avoid breakages. They were also concerned the stiff valve springs fitted could lead to excessive [[camshaft]] wear and [[pushrod]] breakages. The engine was fitted to a bike and tested at [[MIRA Ltd.\|MIRA]] by Barton.{{sfn\|Watson\|1988}}

	The 8 valve engine was tested on a [[dynamometer]] against a racing 4 valve engine supplied by Norton's Thruxton Race Shop. Both engines produced {{convert\|74\|bhp\|abbr=on}} although the 8 valve produced slightly more mid-range power.{{sfn\|Watson\|1988}}		The 8 valve engine was tested on a [[dynamometer]] against a racing 4 valve engine supplied by Norton's Thruxton Race Shop. Both engines produced {{convert\|74\|bhp\|abbr=on}} although the 8 valve produced slightly more mid-range power.{{sfn\|Watson\|1988}}
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	====Commando 900 Trisolastic====		====Commando 900 Trisolastic====

	With the Norton twin engine nearing the end of ~~it's~~ life in 1975, fitting a Triumph triple into the Commando frame was considered.{{sfn\|Classic Bike Guide\|2015}} A {{convert\|870\|cc\|abbr=on}} T180 engine was fitted into a Commando Roadster at Kitts Green. Although the prototype had good speed and handling,{{sfn\|Classic Bike Guide\|2015}} the isolastic mounting failed to isolate the rider from vibrations.{{sfn\|KB Style\|2022}}		With the Norton twin engine nearing the end of its life in 1975, fitting a Triumph triple into the Commando frame was considered.{{sfn\|Classic Bike Guide\|2015}} A {{convert\|870\|cc\|abbr=on}} T180 engine was fitted into a Commando Roadster at Kitts Green. Although the prototype had good speed and handling,{{sfn\|Classic Bike Guide\|2015}} the isolastic mounting failed to isolate the rider from vibrations.{{sfn\|KB Style\|2022}}

	{{rquote\|2=The Trisolastic was never as smooth as we would have liked. Apparently the vibrations of the three cylinder were different from those of the Norton twin. We tried numerous motor insulating assemblies, without ever finding the solution\|3=Doug Hele{{sfn\|KB Style\|2022}}}}		{{rquote\|2=The Trisolastic was never as smooth as we would have liked. Apparently the vibrations of the three cylinder were different from those of the Norton twin. We tried numerous motor insulating assemblies, without ever finding the solution\|3=Doug Hele{{sfn\|KB Style\|2022}}}}
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	Following the closure of the Wolverhampton factory the workers, led by a Senior Shop Stewards Action Committee, occupied the factory. They hoped to create a workers cooperative similar to that at Meriden.{{sfn\|Kilborn\|1975}} In February 1976 an updated version of the Commando, the Norton 76, was shown to the public.{{sfn\|Watson\|1977}}		Following the closure of the Wolverhampton factory the workers, led by a Senior Shop Stewards Action Committee, occupied the factory. They hoped to create a workers cooperative similar to that at Meriden.{{sfn\|Kilborn\|1975}} In February 1976 an updated version of the Commando, the Norton 76, was shown to the public.{{sfn\|Watson\|1977}}

	The Norton 76, designed by Bernard Hooper and John Flavill, incorporated the engine improvements developed for the proposed Mk IV Commando including a reworked cylinder head with 10.5:1 compression ratio and a SU carburettor and met the proposed US emission regulations. The wheelbase was lengthened to {{convert\|60\|inch\|abbr=on}} by lengthening the swinging arm and changing the steering head angle. Italian [		The Norton 76, designed by Bernard Hooper and John Flavill, incorporated the engine improvements developed for the proposed Mk IV Commando including a reworked cylinder head with 10.5:1 compression ratio and a SU carburettor and met the proposed US emission regulations. The wheelbase was lengthened to {{convert\|60\|inch\|abbr=on}} by lengthening the swinging arm and changing the steering head angle. Italian Paioli forks were used. FPS cast alloy wheels were fitted. Braking was by twin discs on the front and a single disc at the rear, all fitted with [[Brembo]] callipers. A restyled tank was fitted.{{sfn\|Watson\|1977}} The cooperative failed to raise the necessary funding and the bike never entered production.{{sfn\|Wolverhampton History & Heritage}}
	Paioli forks were used. FPS cast alloy wheels were fitted. Braking was by twin discs on the front and a single disc at the rear, all fitted with [[Brembo]] callipers. A restyled tank was fitted.{{sfn\|Watson\|1977}} The cooperative failed to raise the necessary funding and the bike never entered production.{{sfn\|Wolverhampton History & Heritage}}

	==Racing==		==Racing==
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	The 1974 model was built with a compact space frame to keep the frontal area as small as possible and was again fitted with an all-enveloping peel-style fairing.{{sfn\|Cathcart\|2018}} Williams and Dave Croxford competed at a number of European such as Imola{{sfn\|Oxley\|2020}} and [[Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps\|Spa]], where Williams won.{{sfn\|Aynsley\|2019}}		The 1974 model was built with a compact space frame to keep the frontal area as small as possible and was again fitted with an all-enveloping peel-style fairing.{{sfn\|Cathcart\|2018}} Williams and Dave Croxford competed at a number of European such as Imola{{sfn\|Oxley\|2020}} and [[Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps\|Spa]], where Williams won.{{sfn\|Aynsley\|2019}}

	The John Player sponsorship had been for 3 years. As Norton's parent company at the time, [[Norton Villiers Triumph]], were experiencing financial difficulties, the racing programme was cut back. The sponsorship deal with John Player ~~wasn't~~ renewed.{{sfn\|Cooper\|2019}}{{sfn\|Magrath\|1997\|p=138}}		The John Player sponsorship had been for three years. As Norton's parent company at the time, [[Norton Villiers Triumph]], were experiencing financial difficulties, the racing programme was cut back. The sponsorship deal with John Player was not renewed.{{sfn\|Cooper\|2019}}{{sfn\|Magrath\|1997\|p=138}}

	In 1975 the race shop produced 10 over the counter club racers, the TX750 "Thruxton Club" Racer. The machines used a modified Commando frame and the short stroke motor.<ref>{{cite web \|title=1975 "TX750" Thruxton Club Racer \|url=https://andover-norton.co.uk/en/our-bikes/detail/555 \|website=andover-norton.co.uk \|access-date=5 June 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web \|title=NVT Sales Leaflet Norton "Thruxton Club" Racer \|url=https://www.accessnorton.com/attachments/thruxtonclubracer_zpsda54c2e4-jpg.68276/ \|via=www.accessnorton.com \|access-date=5 June 2021}}</ref>		In 1975 the race shop produced ten over-the-counter club racers, the TX750 "Thruxton Club" Racer. The machines used a modified Commando frame and the short stroke motor.<ref>{{cite web \|title=1975 "TX750" Thruxton Club Racer \|url=https://andover-norton.co.uk/en/our-bikes/detail/555 \|website=andover-norton.co.uk \|access-date=5 June 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web \|title=NVT Sales Leaflet Norton "Thruxton Club" Racer \|url=https://www.accessnorton.com/attachments/thruxtonclubracer_zpsda54c2e4-jpg.68276/ \|via=www.accessnorton.com \|access-date=5 June 2021}}</ref>

	==Commando revival==		==Commando revival==
Line 258:		Line 257:
	Following on from the VR880, Kenny Dreer of Vintage wanted to build an all-new motorcycle as a successor to the Commando. With funding from Oliver Curme, Dreer hired a small design and development team led by Paul Gaudio (Design and Development Director), Simon-Pierre Smith (Lead Engineer), and Patrick Leyshock (Testing, Sourcing.) The new machine, called the ''961 Commando'' never reached production in America due to lack of funding, and the company closed its doors in April 2006.<ref name="Hoyer2004">{{harvnb\|Hoyer\|2004\|pp=44–45}}</ref>		Following on from the VR880, Kenny Dreer of Vintage wanted to build an all-new motorcycle as a successor to the Commando. With funding from Oliver Curme, Dreer hired a small design and development team led by Paul Gaudio (Design and Development Director), Simon-Pierre Smith (Lead Engineer), and Patrick Leyshock (Testing, Sourcing.) The new machine, called the ''961 Commando'' never reached production in America due to lack of funding, and the company closed its doors in April 2006.<ref name="Hoyer2004">{{harvnb\|Hoyer\|2004\|pp=44–45}}</ref>

	UK businessman Stuart Garner bought the rights to the design in 2008 and established a new factory at [[Donington Park]], [[Leicestershire]].<ref name="Kerr2009">{{harvnb\|Kerr\|2009}}</ref> The first machine came off the production line in March 2010.<ref name="Aspel2010">{{harvnb\|Aspel\|2010}}</ref> The 961 Commando was very well received; its design echoed that of the old [[Pre-unit construction\|pre-unit]] [[pushrod]] design, but was more modern, with an output of 79bhp, five-gears, Ohlins suspension and effective disc brakes.<ref>~~MCN review 2009-~~ [https://www.motorcyclenews.com/bike-reviews/norton/commando-961/2009/]</ref> Production continued for more than a decade, but the Donington factory closes in 2020, and the "Norton" trademarked name and assets were transferred to an Indian-owned firm, [[TVS Motor Company]], based in Solar Park, Solihull.<ref>~~Staffordshire life review~~[https://www.staffordshire-live.co.uk/news/local-news/norton-motorcycles-moves-new-hq-4937483]</ref> TVS further refined the design and improved the build quality, and the "upgraded" 961 was released in 2023 to great acclaim.<ref>~~MCN review 2023-~~ [https://www.motorcyclenews.com/bike-reviews/norton/commando-961/2023/]</ref>		UK businessman Stuart Garner bought the rights to the design in 2008 and established a new factory at [[Donington Park]], [[Leicestershire]].<ref name="Kerr2009">{{harvnb\|Kerr\|2009}}</ref> The first machine came off the production line in March 2010.<ref name="Aspel2010">{{harvnb\|Aspel\|2010}}</ref> The 961 Commando was very well received; its design echoed that of the old [[Pre-unit construction\|pre-unit]] [[pushrod]] design, but was more modern, with an output of 79bhp, five-gears, Ohlins suspension and effective disc brakes.<ref>[https://www.motorcyclenews.com/bike-reviews/norton/commando-961/2009/ MCN review 2009-]</ref> Production continued for more than a decade, but the Donington factory closes in 2020, and the "Norton" trademarked name and assets were transferred to an Indian-owned firm, [[TVS Motor Company]], based in Solar Park, Solihull.<ref>[https://www.staffordshire-live.co.uk/news/local-news/norton-motorcycles-moves-new-hq-4937483 Staffordshire life review]</ref> TVS further refined the design and improved the build quality, and the "upgraded" 961 was released in 2023 to great acclaim.<ref>[https://www.motorcyclenews.com/bike-reviews/norton/commando-961/2023/ MCN review 2023-]</ref>

	==In ~~Film~~ and ~~Television~~==		==In film and television==
	The Commando 850 is used in as the titular villainous bike in the 1990 horror film [[I Bought a Vampire Motorcycle\|I bought a vampire motorcycle]]		The Commando 850 is used in as the titular villainous bike in the 1990 horror film [[I Bought a Vampire Motorcycle\|I bought a vampire motorcycle]]

← Previous revision		Revision as of 06:38, 24 August 2024
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	* {{cite book \|last1=Bacon \|first1=Roy H. \|title=Norton Commando, All Models \|date=1989 \|publisher=Niton Publishing \|isbn=9780951420430 \|language=en}}		* {{cite book \|last1=Bacon \|first1=Roy H. \|title=Norton Commando, All Models \|date=1989 \|publisher=Niton Publishing \|isbn=9780951420430 \|language=en}}
	* {{cite web \|last1=Branch \|first1=Ben \|title=The Original Norton Commando Production Racer - The Yellow Peril \|url=https://silodrome.com/norton-commando-production-racer-yellow-peril/ \|website=Silodrome \|access-date=13 May 2021 \|date=24 May 2018}}		* {{cite web \|last1=Branch \|first1=Ben \|title=The Original Norton Commando Production Racer - The Yellow Peril \|url=https://silodrome.com/norton-commando-production-racer-yellow-peril/ \|website=Silodrome \|access-date=13 May 2021 \|date=24 May 2018}}
	* {{cite book \|last1=Brooke \|first1=Lindsay \|title=Triumph : A Century of Passion and Power \|publisher=MotorBooks International \|isbn=9781610592277 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I8sIulyI7xoC&q=trident+frame+in+commando+frame+prototype&pg=PA125 \|language=en\|year=2002}}
	* {{cite book \|last1=Brown \|first1=Roland \|title=Ultimate History Of Fast Bikes \|date=2004 \|publisher=Parragon \|isbn=9781405437325 \|language=en\|id= {{ASIN\|1405437324\|country=uk}} }}		* {{cite book \|last1=Brown \|first1=Roland \|title=Ultimate History Of Fast Bikes \|date=2004 \|publisher=Parragon \|isbn=9781405437325 \|language=en\|id= {{ASIN\|1405437324\|country=uk}} }}
	* {{cite web \|last1=Cathcart \|first1=Alan \|title=John Player Norton Monocoque \|url=https://www.accessnorton.com/NortonCommando/jpn-monocoque-specs.22118/ \|website=Moto Tech \|via=www.accessnorton.com \|access-date=22 May 2021 \|date=September–October 2008}}		* {{cite web \|last1=Cathcart \|first1=Alan \|title=John Player Norton Monocoque \|url=https://www.accessnorton.com/NortonCommando/jpn-monocoque-specs.22118/ \|website=Moto Tech \|via=www.accessnorton.com \|access-date=22 May 2021 \|date=September–October 2008}}

← Previous revision		Revision as of 06:36, 24 August 2024
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	* {{cite book \|last1=Williams \|first1=Peter \|title=Peter Williams Designed To Race \|date=14 October 2012 \|publisher=Brooklands Books \|isbn=978-1-85520-956-5 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-9-VDwAAQBAJ&q=combat&pg=PT268 \|language=en}}		* {{cite book \|last1=Williams \|first1=Peter \|title=Peter Williams Designed To Race \|date=14 October 2012 \|publisher=Brooklands Books \|isbn=978-1-85520-956-5 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-9-VDwAAQBAJ&q=combat&pg=PT268 \|language=en}}
	* {{cite web \|title=Norton Trisolastic à moteur Triumph 1975 \|trans-title=Norton Trisolastic with Triumph engine 1975 \|url=https://www.moto-collection.org/moto-collection/modele.php?idfiche=7316 \|website=www.moto-collection.org \|access-date=6 January 2024 \|ref={{harvid\|moto-collection.org}} \|language=Fr}}		* {{cite web \|title=Norton Trisolastic à moteur Triumph 1975 \|trans-title=Norton Trisolastic with Triumph engine 1975 \|url=https://www.moto-collection.org/moto-collection/modele.php?idfiche=7316 \|website=www.moto-collection.org \|access-date=6 January 2024 \|ref={{harvid\|moto-collection.org}} \|language=Fr}}
			* {{cite web \|title=Norton Villiers motorcycles \|url=http://www.historywebsite.co.uk/Museum/Transport/Motorcycles/NortonVilliers.htm \|website=Wolverhampton History & Heritage \|access-date=26 November 2023 \|ref={{harvid\|Wolverhampton History & Heritage}}}}
	* {{cite magazine \|title=Press Bike & Prototype \|magazine=Classic Bike Guide \|date=October 2015 \|url=https://archive.org/stream/Classic_Bike_Guide_October_2015_UK/Classic_Bike_Guide_October_2015_UK_djvu.txt \|ref={{harvid\|Classic Bike Guide \|2015}} \|via=Internet Archive}}		* {{cite magazine \|title=Press Bike & Prototype \|magazine=Classic Bike Guide \|date=October 2015 \|url=https://archive.org/stream/Classic_Bike_Guide_October_2015_UK/Classic_Bike_Guide_October_2015_UK_djvu.txt \|ref={{harvid\|Classic Bike Guide \|2015}} \|via=Internet Archive}}
	* {{cite web \|title=The National Motorcycle Museum : where Legends Live On \|url=https://www.kb-style.fr/actus-news/welcome-to-the-national-motorcycle-useum/ \|website=KB Style \|access-date=6 January 2024 \|ref={{harvid\|KB Style\|2022}} \|language=fr-FR \|date=20 May 2022}}		* {{cite web \|title=The National Motorcycle Museum : where Legends Live On \|url=https://www.kb-style.fr/actus-news/welcome-to-the-national-motorcycle-useum/ \|website=KB Style \|access-date=6 January 2024 \|ref={{harvid\|KB Style\|2022}} \|language=fr-FR \|date=20 May 2022}}

← Previous revision		Revision as of 06:35, 24 August 2024
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	* {{cite web \|last1=Thistle \|first1=Peter \|title=1967 - 1978 \|url=https://www.nortonownersclub.org/history/1967-1978 \|via=Norton Owners Club \|access-date=2 June 2021 \|date=1989}}		* {{cite web \|last1=Thistle \|first1=Peter \|title=1967 - 1978 \|url=https://www.nortonownersclub.org/history/1967-1978 \|via=Norton Owners Club \|access-date=2 June 2021 \|date=1989}}
	* {{cite web \|last1=Wacker \|first1=Tom \|title=1972 Norton Commando Combat \|url=https://www.bike-urious.com/1972-norton-commando-combat/ \|website=Bike-urious \|access-date=30 May 2021 \|date=13 May 2017}}		* {{cite web \|last1=Wacker \|first1=Tom \|title=1972 Norton Commando Combat \|url=https://www.bike-urious.com/1972-norton-commando-combat/ \|website=Bike-urious \|access-date=30 May 2021 \|date=13 May 2017}}
			* {{cite magazine \|last1=Watson \|first1=Peter \|title=Can The Norton 76 Make It In '77 \|magazine=[[Bike (magazine)\|Bike]] \|date=April 1977 \|pages=22–27, 73 \|url=https://www.accessnorton.com/NortonCommando/norton-76-2013.13526/page-2 \|via=Access Norton}}
	* {{cite magazine \|last1=Watson \|first1=Peter \|title=Force Eight \|magazine=Classic Bike \|date=June 1988 \|pages=24–26 \|url=https://www.accessnorton.com/NortonCommando/8-valve-head-conversion.8284/page-3 \|via=Access Norton}}		* {{cite magazine \|last1=Watson \|first1=Peter \|title=Force Eight \|magazine=Classic Bike \|date=June 1988 \|pages=24–26 \|url=https://www.accessnorton.com/NortonCommando/8-valve-head-conversion.8284/page-3 \|via=Access Norton}}
	* {{cite book \|last1=White \|first1=Norman \|title=Norton Commando Restoration Manual \|date=23 November 2020 \|publisher=The Crowood Press \|isbn=978-1-78500-760-6 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IAYPEAAAQBAJ&q=norton+commando+production \|language=en}}		* {{cite book \|last1=White \|first1=Norman \|title=Norton Commando Restoration Manual \|date=23 November 2020 \|publisher=The Crowood Press \|isbn=978-1-78500-760-6 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IAYPEAAAQBAJ&q=norton+commando+production \|language=en}}

← Previous revision		Revision as of 06:33, 24 August 2024
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	* {{cite web \|last1=Hoyer \|first1=Mark \|title=The American Era of Norton Motorcycles \|url=https://www.cycleworld.com/american-era-of-norton-motorcycles-and-kenny-dreer-contributions/ \|website=Cycle World \|access-date=5 June 2021 \|language=en \|date=22 April 2016}}		* {{cite web \|last1=Hoyer \|first1=Mark \|title=The American Era of Norton Motorcycles \|url=https://www.cycleworld.com/american-era-of-norton-motorcycles-and-kenny-dreer-contributions/ \|website=Cycle World \|access-date=5 June 2021 \|language=en \|date=22 April 2016}}
	* {{cite web \|last1=Kerr \|first1=Ian \|title=Stuart Garner, the New Face of Norton Motorcycles \|url=https://www.motorcycleclassics.com/classic-british-motorcycles/stuart-garner-norton-motorcycles/ \|website=motorcycleclassics.com \|access-date=5 June 2021 \|date=3 August 2009}}		* {{cite web \|last1=Kerr \|first1=Ian \|title=Stuart Garner, the New Face of Norton Motorcycles \|url=https://www.motorcycleclassics.com/classic-british-motorcycles/stuart-garner-norton-motorcycles/ \|website=motorcycleclassics.com \|access-date=5 June 2021 \|date=3 August 2009}}
			* {{cite news \|last1=Kilborn \|first1=Peter T. \|title=Britain's Motorcycle Industry Sputtering \|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1975/08/20/archives/britains-motorcycle-industry-sputtering-1500-workers-refuse-to.html \|work=[[The New York Times]] \|date=20 August 1975 \|page=49}}
	* {{cite book \|last=Magrath \|first=Derek \|title=Norton the Complete Story \|series=Crowood Classics \|orig-year=1991 \|year=1997 \|publisher=The Crowood Press \|location=Rambsbury \|isbn=1-86126-062-8}}		* {{cite book \|last=Magrath \|first=Derek \|title=Norton the Complete Story \|series=Crowood Classics \|orig-year=1991 \|year=1997 \|publisher=The Crowood Press \|location=Rambsbury \|isbn=1-86126-062-8}}
	* {{cite web \|last1=Oxley \|first1=Mat \|title='You'd have a couple of pints, then go and race': talking with Dave Croxford \|url=https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/articles/motorcycles/motogp/youd-have-a-couple-of-pints-then-go-and-race-talking-with-dave-croxford \|website=Motor Sport Magazine \|access-date=24 May 2021 \|date=24 April 2020}}		* {{cite web \|last1=Oxley \|first1=Mat \|title='You'd have a couple of pints, then go and race': talking with Dave Croxford \|url=https://www.motorsportmagazine.com/articles/motorcycles/motogp/youd-have-a-couple-of-pints-then-go-and-race-talking-with-dave-croxford \|website=Motor Sport Magazine \|access-date=24 May 2021 \|date=24 April 2020}}