Operation Bowline - Revision history

Pdenkr at 14:27, 10 December 2023

2023-12-10T14:27:20Z

← Previous revision		Revision as of 14:27, 10 December 2023
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	{{Infobox nuclear weapons test		{{Infobox nuclear weapons test
	\|name = Operation Bowline		\|name = Operation Bowline
	\|picture = ~~Bowline Schooner 001d~~.~~jpg~~		\|picture = [[File:Bowline_Schooner.gif\|300px]]
	\|picture_description = ''Bowline Schooner''		\|picture_description = Bowline Schooner, 30 kilotons
	\|country = United States		\|country = United States
	\|test_site = {{plainlist\|		\|test_site = {{plainlist\|

Ira Leviton: Fixed a reference. Please see Category:CS1 errors: unsupported parameter and Category:CS1 errors: generic name.

2023-08-23T18:07:07Z

Fixed a reference. Please see Category:CS1 errors: unsupported parameter and Category:CS1 errors: generic name.

← Previous revision		Revision as of 18:07, 23 August 2023
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	{{GeoGroup\|article=Operation Bowline}}		{{GeoGroup\|article=Operation Bowline}}

	The '''United States's Bowline nuclear test series'''<ref name=LT_1 /> was a group of 47 [[nuclear test]]s conducted in 1968–1969. These tests<ref group=note>A bomb test may be a salvo test, defined as two or more explosions "where a period of time between successive individual explosions does not exceed 5 seconds and where the burial points of all explosive devices can be connected by segments of straight lines, each of them connecting two burial points and does not exceed 40 kilometers in length". {{cite ~~document~~\|first=V. N.~~, Editor in Chief~~\|last=Mikhailov\|title=Catalog of World Wide Nuclear Testing\|publisher=Begell-Atom~~, LLC~~\|url=http://www.iss-atom.ru/ksenia/catal_nt/1.htm\|url-status=dead\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140426102201/http://www.iss-atom.ru/ksenia/catal_nt/1.htm\|archive-date=April 26, 2014}}</ref> followed the ''[[Operation Crosstie]]'' series and preceded the ''[[Operation Mandrel]]'' series.		The '''United States's Bowline nuclear test series'''<ref name=LT_1 /> was a group of 47 [[nuclear test]]s conducted in 1968–1969. These tests<ref group=note>A bomb test may be a salvo test, defined as two or more explosions "where a period of time between successive individual explosions does not exceed 5 seconds and where the burial points of all explosive devices can be connected by segments of straight lines, each of them connecting two burial points and does not exceed 40 kilometers in length". {{cite web\|first=V. N.\|last=Mikhailov\|title=Catalog of World Wide Nuclear Testing\|publisher=Begell-Atom\|url=http://www.iss-atom.ru/ksenia/catal_nt/1.htm\|url-status=dead\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140426102201/http://www.iss-atom.ru/ksenia/catal_nt/1.htm\|archive-date=April 26, 2014}}</ref> followed the ''[[Operation Crosstie]]'' series and preceded the ''[[Operation Mandrel]]'' series.

	{\| class="wikitable sortable"		{\| class="wikitable sortable"

Citation bot: Add: year. | Use this bot. Report bugs. | Suggested by Ididntknowausername | Category:1969 in the United States | #UCB_Category 13/29

2022-09-15T23:58:31Z

Add: year. | Use this bot. Report bugs. | Suggested by Ididntknowausername | Category:1969 in the United States | #UCB_Category 13/29

← Previous revision		Revision as of 23:58, 15 September 2022
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	<ref name=LT_158>{{citation\| last1=Hechanova\| first1=Anthony E.\| first2=James E.\| last2=O'Donnell\| date=September 25, 1998\| title=Estimates of yield for nuclear tests impacting the groundwater at the Nevada Test Site\| publisher=Nuclear Science and Technology Division}}</ref>		<ref name=LT_158>{{citation\| last1=Hechanova\| first1=Anthony E.\| first2=James E.\| last2=O'Donnell\| date=September 25, 1998\| title=Estimates of yield for nuclear tests impacting the groundwater at the Nevada Test Site\| publisher=Nuclear Science and Technology Division}}</ref>
	<ref name=LT_148>{{citation\| url=http://www.nuclearweaponarchive.org/Usa/Tests\| access-date=January 6, 2014\| last=Sublette\| first=Carey\| title=Nuclear Weapons Archive}}</ref>		<ref name=LT_148>{{citation\| url=http://www.nuclearweaponarchive.org/Usa/Tests\| access-date=January 6, 2014\| last=Sublette\| first=Carey\| title=Nuclear Weapons Archive}}</ref>
	<ref name=LT_57>{{citation\| publisher=Defense Nuclear Agency, Department of Defense\| location=Washington, DC\| title=Operation Argus, 1958\| type=DNA6039F\| url=http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uiug.30112075683737;view=1up;seq=11\| access-date=November 26, 2013}}</ref>		<ref name=LT_57>{{citation\| publisher=Defense Nuclear Agency, Department of Defense\| location=Washington, DC\| title=Operation Argus, 1958\| year=1982\| type=DNA6039F\| url=http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uiug.30112075683737;view=1up;seq=11\| access-date=November 26, 2013}}</ref>
	}}		}}

Kehkou: Adding local short description: "Series of 1960s US nuclear tests", overriding Wikidata description "series of nuclear tests conducted by the United States" (Shortdesc helper)

2022-03-28T03:58:20Z

Adding local short description: "Series of 1960s US nuclear tests", overriding Wikidata description "series of nuclear tests conducted by the United States" (Shortdesc helper)

← Previous revision		Revision as of 03:58, 28 March 2022
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			{{Short description\|Series of 1960s US nuclear tests}}
	{{see also\|List of nuclear weapons tests of the United States}}		{{see also\|List of nuclear weapons tests of the United States}}
	{{Use mdy dates\|date=November 2018}}		{{Use mdy dates\|date=November 2018}}

Th78blue: en dashes

2022-03-15T23:44:01Z

en dashes

Show changes

Th78blue: en dashes

2022-03-15T23:34:47Z

en dashes

← Previous revision		Revision as of 23:34, 15 March 2022
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	*NTS Area 19, 20, Pahute Mesa		*NTS Area 19, 20, Pahute Mesa
	*NTS Areas 5, 11, Frenchman Flat		*NTS Areas 5, 11, Frenchman Flat
	*NTS, Areas ~~1-4~~, ~~6-10~~, Yucca Flat}}		*NTS, Areas 1–4, 6–10, Yucca Flat}}
	\|period = ~~1968-1969~~		\|period = 1968–1969
	\|number_of_tests = 47		\|number_of_tests = 47
	\|test_type = cratering, underground shaft, tunnel		\|test_type = cratering, underground shaft, tunnel

SdkbBot: General fixes, removed erroneous space

2021-06-24T23:07:45Z

General fixes, removed erroneous space

Citation bot: Alter: template type. | Use this bot. Report bugs. | Suggested by Abductive | Category:Use mdy dates from November 2018‎ | via #UCB_Category 1368/1370

2021-03-03T20:31:11Z

Alter: template type. | Use this bot. Report bugs. | Suggested by Abductive | Category:Use mdy dates from November 2018‎ | via #UCB_Category 1368/1370

← Previous revision		Revision as of 20:31, 3 March 2021
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	{{GeoGroup\|article=Operation Bowline}}		{{GeoGroup\|article=Operation Bowline}}

	The '''United States's Bowline nuclear test series'''<ref name=LT_1 /> was a group of 47 [[nuclear test]]s conducted in 1968–1969. These tests<ref group=note>A bomb test may be a salvo test, defined as two or more explosions "where a period of time between successive individual explosions does not exceed 5 seconds and where the burial points of all explosive devices can be connected by segments of straight lines, each of them connecting two burial points and does not exceed 40 kilometers in length". {{cite ~~paper~~\|first=V. N., Editor in Chief\|last=Mikhailov\|title=Catalog of World Wide Nuclear Testing\|publisher=Begell-Atom, LLC\|url=http://www.iss-atom.ru/ksenia/catal_nt/1.htm\|url-status=dead\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140426102201/http://www.iss-atom.ru/ksenia/catal_nt/1.htm\|archive-date=April 26, 2014}}</ref> followed the ''[[Operation Crosstie]]'' series and preceded the ''[[Operation Mandrel]]'' series.		The '''United States's Bowline nuclear test series'''<ref name=LT_1 /> was a group of 47 [[nuclear test]]s conducted in 1968–1969. These tests<ref group=note>A bomb test may be a salvo test, defined as two or more explosions "where a period of time between successive individual explosions does not exceed 5 seconds and where the burial points of all explosive devices can be connected by segments of straight lines, each of them connecting two burial points and does not exceed 40 kilometers in length". {{cite document\|first=V. N., Editor in Chief\|last=Mikhailov\|title=Catalog of World Wide Nuclear Testing\|publisher=Begell-Atom, LLC\|url=http://www.iss-atom.ru/ksenia/catal_nt/1.htm\|url-status=dead\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140426102201/http://www.iss-atom.ru/ksenia/catal_nt/1.htm\|archive-date=April 26, 2014}}</ref> followed the ''[[Operation Crosstie]]'' series and preceded the ''[[Operation Mandrel]]'' series.

	{{see also\|List of nuclear weapons tests of the United States}}		{{see also\|List of nuclear weapons tests of the United States}}

Monkbot: Task 18 (cosmetic): eval 12 templates: hyphenate params (16×);

2021-01-19T19:07:00Z

Task 18 (cosmetic): eval 12 templates: hyphenate params (16×);

3Todd: Repair broken reference in note about times

2020-04-29T16:21:55Z

Repair broken reference in note about times

← Previous revision		Revision as of 16:21, 29 April 2020
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	!style="background:#ffdead;" \| Name <ref group=note>The US, France and Great Britain have code-named their test events, while the USSR and China did not, and therefore have only test numbers (with some exceptions – Soviet peaceful explosions were named). Word translations into English in parentheses unless the name is a proper noun. A dash followed by a number indicates a member of a salvo event. The US also sometimes named the individual explosions in such a salvo test, which results in "name1 – 1(with name2)". If test is canceled or aborted, then the row data like date and location discloses the intended plans, where known.</ref>		!style="background:#ffdead;" \| Name <ref group=note>The US, France and Great Britain have code-named their test events, while the USSR and China did not, and therefore have only test numbers (with some exceptions – Soviet peaceful explosions were named). Word translations into English in parentheses unless the name is a proper noun. A dash followed by a number indicates a member of a salvo event. The US also sometimes named the individual explosions in such a salvo test, which results in "name1 – 1(with name2)". If test is canceled or aborted, then the row data like date and location discloses the intended plans, where known.</ref>
	!style="background:#efefef;" \| Date time ([[Universal Time\|UT]])		!style="background:#efefef;" \| Date time ([[Universal Time\|UT]])
	!style="background:#ffdead;" \| Local [[Time Zone\|time zone]] <ref group=note>To convert the UT time into standard local, add the number of hours in parentheses to the UT time; for local daylight saving time, add one additional hour. If the result is earlier than 00:00, add 24 hours and subtract 1 from the day; if it is 24:00 or later, subtract 24 hours and add 1 to the day. ~~All~~ ~~historical~~ ~~timezone~~ data ~~are derived~~ from ~~here:~~</ref><ref>{{cite web\| title=Time Zone Historical Database\| publisher=iana.com\| url=http://www.ietf.org/timezones/\| accessdate=March 8, 2014}}</ref>		!style="background:#ffdead;" \| Local [[Time Zone\|time zone]] <ref group=note>To convert the UT time into standard local, add the number of hours in parentheses to the UT time; for local daylight saving time, add one additional hour. If the result is earlier than 00:00, add 24 hours and subtract 1 from the day; if it is 24:00 or later, subtract 24 hours and add 1 to the day. Historical time zone data obtained from the [[tz database\|IANA time zone database]].</ref><ref>{{cite web\| title=Time Zone Historical Database\| publisher=iana.com\| url=http://www.ietf.org/timezones/\| accessdate=March 8, 2014}}</ref>
	!style="background:#efefef;" \| [[List of nuclear test sites\|Location]] <ref group=note>Rough place name and a latitude/longitude reference; for rocket-carried tests, the launch location is specified before the detonation location, if known. Some locations are extremely accurate; others (like airdrops and space blasts) may be quite inaccurate. "~" indicates a likely pro-forma rough location, shared with other tests in that same area.</ref>		!style="background:#efefef;" \| [[List of nuclear test sites\|Location]] <ref group=note>Rough place name and a latitude/longitude reference; for rocket-carried tests, the launch location is specified before the detonation location, if known. Some locations are extremely accurate; others (like airdrops and space blasts) may be quite inaccurate. "~" indicates a likely pro-forma rough location, shared with other tests in that same area.</ref>
	!style="background:#ffdead;" \| [[Elevation]] + height <ref group=note>Elevation is the ground level at the point directly below the explosion relative to sea level; height is the additional distance added or subtracted by tower, balloon, shaft, tunnel, air drop or other contrivance. For rocket bursts the ground level is "N/A". In some cases it is not clear if the height is absolute or relative to ground, for example, ''Plumbbob/John''. No number or units indicates the value is unknown, while "0" means zero. Sorting on this column is by elevation and height added together.</ref>		!style="background:#ffdead;" \| [[Elevation]] + height <ref group=note>Elevation is the ground level at the point directly below the explosion relative to sea level; height is the additional distance added or subtracted by tower, balloon, shaft, tunnel, air drop or other contrivance. For rocket bursts the ground level is "N/A". In some cases it is not clear if the height is absolute or relative to ground, for example, ''Plumbbob/John''. No number or units indicates the value is unknown, while "0" means zero. Sorting on this column is by elevation and height added together.</ref>

← Previous revision		Revision as of 18:07, 23 August 2023
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	{{GeoGroup\|article=Operation Bowline}}		{{GeoGroup\|article=Operation Bowline}}

	The '''United States's Bowline nuclear test series'''<ref name=LT_1 /> was a group of 47 [[nuclear test]]s conducted in 1968–1969. These tests<ref group=note>A bomb test may be a salvo test, defined as two or more explosions "where a period of time between successive individual explosions does not exceed 5 seconds and where the burial points of all explosive devices can be connected by segments of straight lines, each of them connecting two burial points and does not exceed 40 kilometers in length". {{cite ~~document~~\|first=V. N.~~, Editor in Chief~~\|last=Mikhailov\|title=Catalog of World Wide Nuclear Testing\|publisher=Begell-Atom~~, LLC~~\|url=http://www.iss-atom.ru/ksenia/catal_nt/1.htm\|url-status=dead\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140426102201/http://www.iss-atom.ru/ksenia/catal_nt/1.htm\|archive-date=April 26, 2014}}</ref> followed the ''[[Operation Crosstie]]'' series and preceded the ''[[Operation Mandrel]]'' series.		The '''United States's Bowline nuclear test series'''<ref name=LT_1 /> was a group of 47 [[nuclear test]]s conducted in 1968–1969. These tests<ref group=note>A bomb test may be a salvo test, defined as two or more explosions "where a period of time between successive individual explosions does not exceed 5 seconds and where the burial points of all explosive devices can be connected by segments of straight lines, each of them connecting two burial points and does not exceed 40 kilometers in length". {{cite web\|first=V. N.\|last=Mikhailov\|title=Catalog of World Wide Nuclear Testing\|publisher=Begell-Atom\|url=http://www.iss-atom.ru/ksenia/catal_nt/1.htm\|url-status=dead\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140426102201/http://www.iss-atom.ru/ksenia/catal_nt/1.htm\|archive-date=April 26, 2014}}</ref> followed the ''[[Operation Crosstie]]'' series and preceded the ''[[Operation Mandrel]]'' series.

	{\| class="wikitable sortable"		{\| class="wikitable sortable"

← Previous revision		Revision as of 03:58, 28 March 2022
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			{{Short description\|Series of 1960s US nuclear tests}}
	{{see also\|List of nuclear weapons tests of the United States}}		{{see also\|List of nuclear weapons tests of the United States}}
	{{Use mdy dates\|date=November 2018}}		{{Use mdy dates\|date=November 2018}}

← Previous revision		Revision as of 20:31, 3 March 2021
Line 20:		Line 20:
	{{GeoGroup\|article=Operation Bowline}}		{{GeoGroup\|article=Operation Bowline}}

	The '''United States's Bowline nuclear test series'''<ref name=LT_1 /> was a group of 47 [[nuclear test]]s conducted in 1968–1969. These tests<ref group=note>A bomb test may be a salvo test, defined as two or more explosions "where a period of time between successive individual explosions does not exceed 5 seconds and where the burial points of all explosive devices can be connected by segments of straight lines, each of them connecting two burial points and does not exceed 40 kilometers in length". {{cite ~~paper~~\|first=V. N., Editor in Chief\|last=Mikhailov\|title=Catalog of World Wide Nuclear Testing\|publisher=Begell-Atom, LLC\|url=http://www.iss-atom.ru/ksenia/catal_nt/1.htm\|url-status=dead\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140426102201/http://www.iss-atom.ru/ksenia/catal_nt/1.htm\|archive-date=April 26, 2014}}</ref> followed the ''[[Operation Crosstie]]'' series and preceded the ''[[Operation Mandrel]]'' series.		The '''United States's Bowline nuclear test series'''<ref name=LT_1 /> was a group of 47 [[nuclear test]]s conducted in 1968–1969. These tests<ref group=note>A bomb test may be a salvo test, defined as two or more explosions "where a period of time between successive individual explosions does not exceed 5 seconds and where the burial points of all explosive devices can be connected by segments of straight lines, each of them connecting two burial points and does not exceed 40 kilometers in length". {{cite document\|first=V. N., Editor in Chief\|last=Mikhailov\|title=Catalog of World Wide Nuclear Testing\|publisher=Begell-Atom, LLC\|url=http://www.iss-atom.ru/ksenia/catal_nt/1.htm\|url-status=dead\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140426102201/http://www.iss-atom.ru/ksenia/catal_nt/1.htm\|archive-date=April 26, 2014}}</ref> followed the ''[[Operation Crosstie]]'' series and preceded the ''[[Operation Mandrel]]'' series.

	{{see also\|List of nuclear weapons tests of the United States}}		{{see also\|List of nuclear weapons tests of the United States}}

← Previous revision		Revision as of 23:07, 24 June 2021
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		⚫	{{see also\|List of nuclear weapons tests of the United States}}
	{{Use mdy dates\|date=November 2018}}		{{Use mdy dates\|date=November 2018}}
	{{Infobox nuclear weapons test		{{Infobox nuclear weapons test
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	The '''United States's Bowline nuclear test series'''<ref name=LT_1 /> was a group of 47 [[nuclear test]]s conducted in 1968–1969. These tests<ref group=note>A bomb test may be a salvo test, defined as two or more explosions "where a period of time between successive individual explosions does not exceed 5 seconds and where the burial points of all explosive devices can be connected by segments of straight lines, each of them connecting two burial points and does not exceed 40 kilometers in length". {{cite document\|first=V. N., Editor in Chief\|last=Mikhailov\|title=Catalog of World Wide Nuclear Testing\|publisher=Begell-Atom, LLC\|url=http://www.iss-atom.ru/ksenia/catal_nt/1.htm\|url-status=dead\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140426102201/http://www.iss-atom.ru/ksenia/catal_nt/1.htm\|archive-date=April 26, 2014}}</ref> followed the ''[[Operation Crosstie]]'' series and preceded the ''[[Operation Mandrel]]'' series.		The '''United States's Bowline nuclear test series'''<ref name=LT_1 /> was a group of 47 [[nuclear test]]s conducted in 1968–1969. These tests<ref group=note>A bomb test may be a salvo test, defined as two or more explosions "where a period of time between successive individual explosions does not exceed 5 seconds and where the burial points of all explosive devices can be connected by segments of straight lines, each of them connecting two burial points and does not exceed 40 kilometers in length". {{cite document\|first=V. N., Editor in Chief\|last=Mikhailov\|title=Catalog of World Wide Nuclear Testing\|publisher=Begell-Atom, LLC\|url=http://www.iss-atom.ru/ksenia/catal_nt/1.htm\|url-status=dead\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140426102201/http://www.iss-atom.ru/ksenia/catal_nt/1.htm\|archive-date=April 26, 2014}}</ref> followed the ''[[Operation Crosstie]]'' series and preceded the ''[[Operation Mandrel]]'' series.

⚫	{{see also\|List of nuclear weapons tests of the United States}}

	{\| class="wikitable sortable"		{\| class="wikitable sortable"
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	!style="background:#ffdead;" \| Name <ref group=note>The US, France and Great Britain have code-named their test events, while the USSR and China did not, and therefore have only test numbers (with some exceptions – Soviet peaceful explosions were named). Word translations into English in parentheses unless the name is a proper noun. A dash followed by a number indicates a member of a salvo event. The US also sometimes named the individual explosions in such a salvo test, which results in "name1 – 1(with name2)". If test is canceled or aborted, then the row data like date and location discloses the intended plans, where known.</ref>		!style="background:#ffdead;" \| Name <ref group=note>The US, France and Great Britain have code-named their test events, while the USSR and China did not, and therefore have only test numbers (with some exceptions – Soviet peaceful explosions were named). Word translations into English in parentheses unless the name is a proper noun. A dash followed by a number indicates a member of a salvo event. The US also sometimes named the individual explosions in such a salvo test, which results in "name1 – 1(with name2)". If test is canceled or aborted, then the row data like date and location discloses the intended plans, where known.</ref>
	!style="background:#efefef;" \| Date time ([[Universal Time\|UT]])		!style="background:#efefef;" \| Date time ([[Universal Time\|UT]])
	!style="background:#ffdead;" \| Local [[Time Zone\|time zone]] <ref group=note>To convert the UT time into standard local, add the number of hours in parentheses to the UT time; for local daylight saving time, add one additional hour. If the result is earlier than 00:00, add 24 hours and subtract 1 from the day; if it is 24:00 or later, subtract 24 hours and add 1 to the day. Historical time zone data obtained from the [[tz database\|IANA time zone database]].</ref><ref>{{cite web\| title=Time Zone Historical Database\| publisher=iana.com\| url=http://www.ietf.org/timezones/\| access-date=March 8, 2014}}</ref>		!style="background:#ffdead;" \| Local [[Time Zone\|time zone]]<ref group=note>To convert the UT time into standard local, add the number of hours in parentheses to the UT time; for local daylight saving time, add one additional hour. If the result is earlier than 00:00, add 24 hours and subtract 1 from the day; if it is 24:00 or later, subtract 24 hours and add 1 to the day. Historical time zone data obtained from the [[tz database\|IANA time zone database]].</ref><ref>{{cite web\| title=Time Zone Historical Database\| publisher=iana.com\| url=http://www.ietf.org/timezones/\| access-date=March 8, 2014}}</ref>
	!style="background:#efefef;" \| [[List of nuclear test sites\|Location]] <ref group=note>Rough place name and a latitude/longitude reference; for rocket-carried tests, the launch location is specified before the detonation location, if known. Some locations are extremely accurate; others (like airdrops and space blasts) may be quite inaccurate. "~" indicates a likely pro-forma rough location, shared with other tests in that same area.</ref>		!style="background:#efefef;" \| [[List of nuclear test sites\|Location]]<ref group=note>Rough place name and a latitude/longitude reference; for rocket-carried tests, the launch location is specified before the detonation location, if known. Some locations are extremely accurate; others (like airdrops and space blasts) may be quite inaccurate. "~" indicates a likely pro-forma rough location, shared with other tests in that same area.</ref>
	!style="background:#ffdead;" \| [[Elevation]] + height <ref group=note>Elevation is the ground level at the point directly below the explosion relative to sea level; height is the additional distance added or subtracted by tower, balloon, shaft, tunnel, air drop or other contrivance. For rocket bursts the ground level is "N/A". In some cases it is not clear if the height is absolute or relative to ground, for example, ''Plumbbob/John''. No number or units indicates the value is unknown, while "0" means zero. Sorting on this column is by elevation and height added together.</ref>		!style="background:#ffdead;" \| [[Elevation]] + height <ref group=note>Elevation is the ground level at the point directly below the explosion relative to sea level; height is the additional distance added or subtracted by tower, balloon, shaft, tunnel, air drop or other contrivance. For rocket bursts the ground level is "N/A". In some cases it is not clear if the height is absolute or relative to ground, for example, ''Plumbbob/John''. No number or units indicates the value is unknown, while "0" means zero. Sorting on this column is by elevation and height added together.</ref>
	!style="background:#efefef;" \| Delivery <ref group=note>Atmospheric, airdrop, balloon, gun, cruise missile, rocket, surface, tower, and barge are all disallowed by the [[Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty]]. Sealed shaft and tunnel are underground, and remained useful under the PTBT. Intentional cratering tests are borderline; they occurred under the treaty, were sometimes protested, and generally overlooked if the test was declared to be a peaceful use.</ref><br />Purpose <ref group=note>Include weapons development, weapon effects, safety test, transport safety test, war, science, joint verification and industrial/peaceful, which may be further broken down.</ref>		!style="background:#efefef;" \| Delivery <ref group=note>Atmospheric, airdrop, balloon, gun, cruise missile, rocket, surface, tower, and barge are all disallowed by the [[Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty]]. Sealed shaft and tunnel are underground, and remained useful under the PTBT. Intentional cratering tests are borderline; they occurred under the treaty, were sometimes protested, and generally overlooked if the test was declared to be a peaceful use.</ref><br />Purpose <ref group=note>Include weapons development, weapon effects, safety test, transport safety test, war, science, joint verification and industrial/peaceful, which may be further broken down.</ref>
	!style="background:#efefef;" \| [[List of nuclear weapons\|Device]] <ref group=note>Designations for test items where known, "?" indicates some uncertainty about the preceding value, nicknames for particular devices in quotes. This category of information is often not officially disclosed.</ref>		!style="background:#efefef;" \| [[List of nuclear weapons\|Device]]<ref group=note>Designations for test items where known, "?" indicates some uncertainty about the preceding value, nicknames for particular devices in quotes. This category of information is often not officially disclosed.</ref>
	!style="background:#ffdead;" \| [[Nuclear weapon yield\|Yield]] <ref group=note>Estimated energy yield in [[TNT equivalent\|tons, kilotons, and megatons]]. A ton of TNT equivalent is defined as 4.184 gigajoules (1 gigacalorie).</ref>		!style="background:#ffdead;" \| [[Nuclear weapon yield\|Yield]]<ref group=note>Estimated energy yield in [[TNT equivalent\|tons, kilotons, and megatons]]. A ton of TNT equivalent is defined as 4.184 gigajoules (1 gigacalorie).</ref>
	!style="background:#efefef;" class="unsortable" \| [[Nuclear fallout\|Fallout]] <ref group=note>Radioactive emission to the atmosphere aside from prompt neutrons, where known. The measured species is only iodine-131 if mentioned, otherwise it is all species. No entry means unknown, probably none if underground and "all" if not; otherwise notation for whether measured on the site only or off the site, where known, and the measured amount of radioactivity released.</ref>		!style="background:#efefef;" class="unsortable" \| [[Nuclear fallout\|Fallout]]<ref group=note>Radioactive emission to the atmosphere aside from prompt neutrons, where known. The measured species is only iodine-131 if mentioned, otherwise it is all species. No entry means unknown, probably none if underground and "all" if not; otherwise notation for whether measured on the site only or off the site, where known, and the measured amount of radioactivity released.</ref>
	!style="background:#ffdead;" class="unsortable" \| References		!style="background:#ffdead;" class="unsortable" \| References
	!style="background:#efefef;" class="unsortable" \| Notes		!style="background:#efefef;" class="unsortable" \| Notes
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	{{US Nuclear Tests}}		{{US Nuclear Tests}}

	[[Category:Explosions in 1968]]		[[Category:Explosions in 1968]]
	[[Category:Explosions in 1969]]		[[Category:Explosions in 1969]]

← Previous revision		Revision as of 19:07, 19 January 2021
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	{{GeoGroup\|article=Operation Bowline}}		{{GeoGroup\|article=Operation Bowline}}

	The '''United States's Bowline nuclear test series'''<ref name=LT_1 /> was a group of 47 [[nuclear test]]s conducted in 1968–1969. These tests<ref group=note>A bomb test may be a salvo test, defined as two or more explosions "where a period of time between successive individual explosions does not exceed 5 seconds and where the burial points of all explosive devices can be connected by segments of straight lines, each of them connecting two burial points and does not exceed 40 kilometers in length". {{cite paper\|first=V. N., Editor in Chief\|last=Mikhailov\|title=Catalog of World Wide Nuclear Testing\|publisher=Begell-Atom, LLC\|url=http://www.iss-atom.ru/ksenia/catal_nt/1.htm\|url-status=dead\|~~archiveurl~~=https://web.archive.org/web/20140426102201/http://www.iss-atom.ru/ksenia/catal_nt/1.htm\|~~archivedate~~=April 26, 2014}}</ref> followed the ''[[Operation Crosstie]]'' series and preceded the ''[[Operation Mandrel]]'' series.		The '''United States's Bowline nuclear test series'''<ref name=LT_1 /> was a group of 47 [[nuclear test]]s conducted in 1968–1969. These tests<ref group=note>A bomb test may be a salvo test, defined as two or more explosions "where a period of time between successive individual explosions does not exceed 5 seconds and where the burial points of all explosive devices can be connected by segments of straight lines, each of them connecting two burial points and does not exceed 40 kilometers in length". {{cite paper\|first=V. N., Editor in Chief\|last=Mikhailov\|title=Catalog of World Wide Nuclear Testing\|publisher=Begell-Atom, LLC\|url=http://www.iss-atom.ru/ksenia/catal_nt/1.htm\|url-status=dead\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140426102201/http://www.iss-atom.ru/ksenia/catal_nt/1.htm\|archive-date=April 26, 2014}}</ref> followed the ''[[Operation Crosstie]]'' series and preceded the ''[[Operation Mandrel]]'' series.

	{{see also\|List of nuclear weapons tests of the United States}}		{{see also\|List of nuclear weapons tests of the United States}}
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	!style="background:#ffdead;" \| Name <ref group=note>The US, France and Great Britain have code-named their test events, while the USSR and China did not, and therefore have only test numbers (with some exceptions – Soviet peaceful explosions were named). Word translations into English in parentheses unless the name is a proper noun. A dash followed by a number indicates a member of a salvo event. The US also sometimes named the individual explosions in such a salvo test, which results in "name1 – 1(with name2)". If test is canceled or aborted, then the row data like date and location discloses the intended plans, where known.</ref>		!style="background:#ffdead;" \| Name <ref group=note>The US, France and Great Britain have code-named their test events, while the USSR and China did not, and therefore have only test numbers (with some exceptions – Soviet peaceful explosions were named). Word translations into English in parentheses unless the name is a proper noun. A dash followed by a number indicates a member of a salvo event. The US also sometimes named the individual explosions in such a salvo test, which results in "name1 – 1(with name2)". If test is canceled or aborted, then the row data like date and location discloses the intended plans, where known.</ref>
	!style="background:#efefef;" \| Date time ([[Universal Time\|UT]])		!style="background:#efefef;" \| Date time ([[Universal Time\|UT]])
	!style="background:#ffdead;" \| Local [[Time Zone\|time zone]] <ref group=note>To convert the UT time into standard local, add the number of hours in parentheses to the UT time; for local daylight saving time, add one additional hour. If the result is earlier than 00:00, add 24 hours and subtract 1 from the day; if it is 24:00 or later, subtract 24 hours and add 1 to the day. Historical time zone data obtained from the [[tz database\|IANA time zone database]].</ref><ref>{{cite web\| title=Time Zone Historical Database\| publisher=iana.com\| url=http://www.ietf.org/timezones/\| ~~accessdate~~=March 8, 2014}}</ref>		!style="background:#ffdead;" \| Local [[Time Zone\|time zone]] <ref group=note>To convert the UT time into standard local, add the number of hours in parentheses to the UT time; for local daylight saving time, add one additional hour. If the result is earlier than 00:00, add 24 hours and subtract 1 from the day; if it is 24:00 or later, subtract 24 hours and add 1 to the day. Historical time zone data obtained from the [[tz database\|IANA time zone database]].</ref><ref>{{cite web\| title=Time Zone Historical Database\| publisher=iana.com\| url=http://www.ietf.org/timezones/\| access-date=March 8, 2014}}</ref>
	!style="background:#efefef;" \| [[List of nuclear test sites\|Location]] <ref group=note>Rough place name and a latitude/longitude reference; for rocket-carried tests, the launch location is specified before the detonation location, if known. Some locations are extremely accurate; others (like airdrops and space blasts) may be quite inaccurate. "~" indicates a likely pro-forma rough location, shared with other tests in that same area.</ref>		!style="background:#efefef;" \| [[List of nuclear test sites\|Location]] <ref group=note>Rough place name and a latitude/longitude reference; for rocket-carried tests, the launch location is specified before the detonation location, if known. Some locations are extremely accurate; others (like airdrops and space blasts) may be quite inaccurate. "~" indicates a likely pro-forma rough location, shared with other tests in that same area.</ref>
	!style="background:#ffdead;" \| [[Elevation]] + height <ref group=note>Elevation is the ground level at the point directly below the explosion relative to sea level; height is the additional distance added or subtracted by tower, balloon, shaft, tunnel, air drop or other contrivance. For rocket bursts the ground level is "N/A". In some cases it is not clear if the height is absolute or relative to ground, for example, ''Plumbbob/John''. No number or units indicates the value is unknown, while "0" means zero. Sorting on this column is by elevation and height added together.</ref>		!style="background:#ffdead;" \| [[Elevation]] + height <ref group=note>Elevation is the ground level at the point directly below the explosion relative to sea level; height is the additional distance added or subtracted by tower, balloon, shaft, tunnel, air drop or other contrivance. For rocket bursts the ground level is "N/A". In some cases it is not clear if the height is absolute or relative to ground, for example, ''Plumbbob/John''. No number or units indicates the value is unknown, while "0" means zero. Sorting on this column is by elevation and height added together.</ref>
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	{{reflist\|refs=		{{reflist\|refs=
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	}}		}}