Pericúes - Revision history

Dl2000: ordinals not normally used in dates (WP:DATESNO)

2024-09-29T22:29:56Z

ordinals not normally used in dates (WP:DATESNO)

← Previous revision		Revision as of 22:29, 29 September 2024
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	=== 18th century ===		=== 18th century ===
	[[File:Martirio de Lorenzo Carranco.jpg\|thumb\|Martyrdom of [[Lorenzo Carranco]], at the beginning of the Pericú Revolt in Santiago de los Coras de Añiñí, ~~1st~~ October 1734.]]		[[File:Martirio de Lorenzo Carranco.jpg\|thumb\|Martyrdom of [[Lorenzo Carranco]], at the beginning of the Pericú Revolt in Santiago de los Coras de Añiñí, 1 October 1734.]]
	The [[Jesuits]] established their first permanent mission in Baja California at [[Loreto (Baja California)\|Loreto]] in 1697, but it was more than two decades later that they felt prepared to move into the Cape Region. Missions serving the Pericú, at least in part, were established at [[Misión de Nuestra Señora del Pilar de La Paz Airapí\|La Paz]] (1720), [[Misión Santiago de Los Coras\|Santiago]] (1724), and [[Misión Estero de las Palmas de San José del Cabo Añuití\|San José del Cabo]] (1730). A dramatic reversal came in 1734 when the Pericú Revolt began, resulting in the most serious challenge the Jesuits experienced in Baja California. Two missionaries were killed, and for two years Jesuit control over the Cape Region was interrupted.{{sfnp\|Taraval\|1931}}{{page needed\|date=November 2023}} The Pericú themselves suffered most, however, with combat deaths added to the already devastating effects of Old World diseases. By the time the Spanish crown expelled the Jesuits from Baja California in 1768, the Pericú seem to have been culturally extinct, although some of their genes may survive in local [[mestizo]] populations.		The [[Jesuits]] established their first permanent mission in Baja California at [[Loreto (Baja California)\|Loreto]] in 1697, but it was more than two decades later that they felt prepared to move into the Cape Region. Missions serving the Pericú, at least in part, were established at [[Misión de Nuestra Señora del Pilar de La Paz Airapí\|La Paz]] (1720), [[Misión Santiago de Los Coras\|Santiago]] (1724), and [[Misión Estero de las Palmas de San José del Cabo Añuití\|San José del Cabo]] (1730). A dramatic reversal came in 1734 when the Pericú Revolt began, resulting in the most serious challenge the Jesuits experienced in Baja California. Two missionaries were killed, and for two years Jesuit control over the Cape Region was interrupted.{{sfnp\|Taraval\|1931}}{{page needed\|date=November 2023}} The Pericú themselves suffered most, however, with combat deaths added to the already devastating effects of Old World diseases. By the time the Spanish crown expelled the Jesuits from Baja California in 1768, the Pericú seem to have been culturally extinct, although some of their genes may survive in local [[mestizo]] populations.

Yuthoob: Reverted 2 edits by 23.162.64.163 (talk) to last revision by Smallchief

2024-09-17T18:53:02Z

Reverted 2 edits by 23.162.64.163 (talk) to last revision by Smallchief

← Previous revision		Revision as of 18:53, 17 September 2024
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	{{Short description\|Historical ~~CR7~~ of Baja California, Mexico}}		{{Short description\|Historical Indigenous peoples of Baja California, Mexico}}
	{{Use dmy dates\|date=May 2024}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=May 2024}}
	[[File:Mujeres californias.jpg\|thumb\|Baja California women, probably Pericúes, 1726]]		[[File:Mujeres californias.jpg\|thumb\|Baja California women, probably Pericúes, 1726]]
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	[[File:Pericu map.png\|right]]		[[File:Pericu map.png\|right]]
	[[File:Pericúes.png\|thumb\|Spanish Roman Catholic missions among the Pericúes.]]		[[File:Pericúes.png\|thumb\|Spanish Roman Catholic missions among the Pericúes.]]
	The Pericú people's ~~leo messi~~ was along the southern edge of the [[Baja California Peninsula]], from [[Cabo San Lucas]] east to [[Cabo Pulmo]], together with the large Gulf of California Islands of Cerralvo, Espíritu Santo, La Partida, and San José. [[William Clifford Massey\|William C. Massey]] thought that the eastern portion of the Cape Region, including [[Bahía las Palmas]] and [[Bahía Ventana]], was occupied by a [[Guaycura people\|Guaycura]] group known as the Cora.{{sfnp\|Massey\|1949}} Subsequent reexamination of the ethnohistoric evidence suggests that Cora was synonymous with Pericú.{{sfnp\|Laylander\|1997}}{{page needed\|date=November 2023}}		The Pericú people's territory was along the southern edge of the [[Baja California Peninsula]], from [[Cabo San Lucas]] east to [[Cabo Pulmo]], together with the large Gulf of California Islands of Cerralvo, Espíritu Santo, La Partida, and San José. [[William Clifford Massey\|William C. Massey]] thought that the eastern portion of the Cape Region, including [[Bahía las Palmas]] and [[Bahía Ventana]], was occupied by a [[Guaycura people\|Guaycura]] group known as the Cora.{{sfnp\|Massey\|1949}} Subsequent reexamination of the ethnohistoric evidence suggests that Cora was synonymous with Pericú.{{sfnp\|Laylander\|1997}}{{page needed\|date=November 2023}}

	The status of the [[La Paz, Baja California Sur\|La Paz]] area is uncertain. Massey assigned it to two Guaycura groups, the Cora and the Aripe. [[W. Michael Mathes]] argued that it had belonged to the Pericú in the 16th and 17th centuries but was taken over by the Guaycura some time between 1668 and 1720.{{sfnp\|Mathes\|1975}} An alternative interpretation is that it was disputed ground between the Pericú and Guaycura throughout the early historic period.		The status of the [[La Paz, Baja California Sur\|La Paz]] area is uncertain. Massey assigned it to two Guaycura groups, the Cora and the Aripe. [[W. Michael Mathes]] argued that it had belonged to the Pericú in the 16th and 17th centuries but was taken over by the Guaycura some time between 1668 and 1720.{{sfnp\|Mathes\|1975}} An alternative interpretation is that it was disputed ground between the Pericú and Guaycura throughout the early historic period.

23.162.64.163 at 18:52, 17 September 2024

2024-09-17T18:52:00Z

← Previous revision		Revision as of 18:52, 17 September 2024
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	[[File:Pericu map.png\|right]]		[[File:Pericu map.png\|right]]
	[[File:Pericúes.png\|thumb\|Spanish Roman Catholic missions among the Pericúes.]]		[[File:Pericúes.png\|thumb\|Spanish Roman Catholic missions among the Pericúes.]]
	The Pericú people's ~~territory~~ was along the southern edge of the [[Baja California Peninsula]], from [[Cabo San Lucas]] east to [[Cabo Pulmo]], together with the large Gulf of California Islands of Cerralvo, Espíritu Santo, La Partida, and San José. [[William Clifford Massey\|William C. Massey]] thought that the eastern portion of the Cape Region, including [[Bahía las Palmas]] and [[Bahía Ventana]], was occupied by a [[Guaycura people\|Guaycura]] group known as the Cora.{{sfnp\|Massey\|1949}} Subsequent reexamination of the ethnohistoric evidence suggests that Cora was synonymous with Pericú.{{sfnp\|Laylander\|1997}}{{page needed\|date=November 2023}}		The Pericú people's leo messi was along the southern edge of the [[Baja California Peninsula]], from [[Cabo San Lucas]] east to [[Cabo Pulmo]], together with the large Gulf of California Islands of Cerralvo, Espíritu Santo, La Partida, and San José. [[William Clifford Massey\|William C. Massey]] thought that the eastern portion of the Cape Region, including [[Bahía las Palmas]] and [[Bahía Ventana]], was occupied by a [[Guaycura people\|Guaycura]] group known as the Cora.{{sfnp\|Massey\|1949}} Subsequent reexamination of the ethnohistoric evidence suggests that Cora was synonymous with Pericú.{{sfnp\|Laylander\|1997}}{{page needed\|date=November 2023}}

	The status of the [[La Paz, Baja California Sur\|La Paz]] area is uncertain. Massey assigned it to two Guaycura groups, the Cora and the Aripe. [[W. Michael Mathes]] argued that it had belonged to the Pericú in the 16th and 17th centuries but was taken over by the Guaycura some time between 1668 and 1720.{{sfnp\|Mathes\|1975}} An alternative interpretation is that it was disputed ground between the Pericú and Guaycura throughout the early historic period.		The status of the [[La Paz, Baja California Sur\|La Paz]] area is uncertain. Massey assigned it to two Guaycura groups, the Cora and the Aripe. [[W. Michael Mathes]] argued that it had belonged to the Pericú in the 16th and 17th centuries but was taken over by the Guaycura some time between 1668 and 1720.{{sfnp\|Mathes\|1975}} An alternative interpretation is that it was disputed ground between the Pericú and Guaycura throughout the early historic period.

23.162.64.163 at 18:50, 17 September 2024

2024-09-17T18:50:36Z

← Previous revision		Revision as of 18:50, 17 September 2024
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	{{Short description\|Historical ~~Indigenous peoples~~ of Baja California, Mexico}}		{{Short description\|Historical CR7 of Baja California, Mexico}}
	{{Use dmy dates\|date=May 2024}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=May 2024}}
	[[File:Mujeres californias.jpg\|thumb\|Baja California women, probably Pericúes, 1726]]		[[File:Mujeres californias.jpg\|thumb\|Baja California women, probably Pericúes, 1726]]

Smallchief: /* History */ section titles changed as they were not in accord with text

2024-07-08T01:49:03Z

History: section titles changed as they were not in accord with text

← Previous revision		Revision as of 01:49, 8 July 2024
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	Harumi Fujita has traced the changing patterns in the exploitation of marine resources and in settlement within the prehistoric Cape Region. According to Fujita, after about AD 1000, four major centers of socioeconomic and ceremonial importance emerged in the Cape Region: near Cabo San Lucas, at Cabo Pulmo, at La Paz, and on Isla Espíritu Santo.{{sfnp\|Fujita\|2006}}{{page needed\|date=November 2023}}		Harumi Fujita has traced the changing patterns in the exploitation of marine resources and in settlement within the prehistoric Cape Region. According to Fujita, after about AD 1000, four major centers of socioeconomic and ceremonial importance emerged in the Cape Region: near Cabo San Lucas, at Cabo Pulmo, at La Paz, and on Isla Espíritu Santo.{{sfnp\|Fujita\|2006}}{{page needed\|date=November 2023}}

	=== ~~16th~~ ~~century~~ ===		=== Early contacts ===
	Spanish contacts with the Pericú began in the 1530s, first when [[Fortún Ximénez]] and mutineers from an expedition sent out by [[Hernán Cortés]], the conqueror of central Mexico, reached La Paz, followed shortly afterwards by an expedition under Cortés himself.{{sfnp\|Mathes\|1973}}		Spanish contacts with the Pericú began in the 1530s, first when [[Fortún Ximénez]] and mutineers from an expedition sent out by [[Hernán Cortés]], the conqueror of central Mexico, reached La Paz, followed shortly afterwards by an expedition under Cortés himself.{{sfnp\|Mathes\|1973}}

	Sporadic encounters, sometimes friendly and sometimes hostile, linked the Pericú with a succession of European explorers, privateers, missionaries, [[Manila galleon]]s, and pearl hunters throughout the 16th, 17th, and early 18th centuries.		Sporadic encounters, sometimes friendly and sometimes hostile, linked the Pericú with a succession of European explorers, privateers, missionaries, [[Manila galleon]]s, and pearl hunters throughout the 16th, 17th, and early 18th centuries.

	=== ~~17th~~ century ===		=== 18th century ===
	[[File:Martirio de Lorenzo Carranco.jpg\|thumb\|Martyrdom of [[Lorenzo Carranco]], at the beginning of the Pericú Revolt in Santiago de los Coras de Añiñí, 1st October 1734.]]		[[File:Martirio de Lorenzo Carranco.jpg\|thumb\|Martyrdom of [[Lorenzo Carranco]], at the beginning of the Pericú Revolt in Santiago de los Coras de Añiñí, 1st October 1734.]]
	The [[Jesuits]] established their first permanent mission in Baja California at [[Loreto (Baja California)\|Loreto]] in 1697, but it was more than two decades later that they felt prepared to move into the Cape Region. Missions serving the Pericú, at least in part, were established at [[Misión de Nuestra Señora del Pilar de La Paz Airapí\|La Paz]] (1720), [[Misión Santiago de Los Coras\|Santiago]] (1724), and [[Misión Estero de las Palmas de San José del Cabo Añuití\|San José del Cabo]] (1730). A dramatic reversal came in 1734 when the Pericú Revolt began, resulting in the most serious challenge the Jesuits experienced in Baja California. Two missionaries were killed, and for two years Jesuit control over the Cape Region was interrupted.{{sfnp\|Taraval\|1931}}{{page needed\|date=November 2023}} The Pericú themselves suffered most, however, with combat deaths added to the already devastating effects of Old World diseases. By the time the Spanish crown expelled the Jesuits from Baja California in 1768, the Pericú seem to have been culturally extinct, although some of their genes may survive in local [[mestizo]] populations.		The [[Jesuits]] established their first permanent mission in Baja California at [[Loreto (Baja California)\|Loreto]] in 1697, but it was more than two decades later that they felt prepared to move into the Cape Region. Missions serving the Pericú, at least in part, were established at [[Misión de Nuestra Señora del Pilar de La Paz Airapí\|La Paz]] (1720), [[Misión Santiago de Los Coras\|Santiago]] (1724), and [[Misión Estero de las Palmas de San José del Cabo Añuití\|San José del Cabo]] (1730). A dramatic reversal came in 1734 when the Pericú Revolt began, resulting in the most serious challenge the Jesuits experienced in Baja California. Two missionaries were killed, and for two years Jesuit control over the Cape Region was interrupted.{{sfnp\|Taraval\|1931}}{{page needed\|date=November 2023}} The Pericú themselves suffered most, however, with combat deaths added to the already devastating effects of Old World diseases. By the time the Spanish crown expelled the Jesuits from Baja California in 1768, the Pericú seem to have been culturally extinct, although some of their genes may survive in local [[mestizo]] populations.

Yuchitown: +short description, rewrite intro, move name info to its own section, more section headings

2024-06-06T14:54:27Z

+short description, rewrite intro, move name info to its own section, more section headings

← Previous revision		Revision as of 14:54, 6 June 2024
Line 1:		Line 1:
			{{Short description\|Historical Indigenous peoples of Baja California, Mexico}}
	{{Use dmy dates\|date=May 2024}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=May 2024}}
	[[File:Mujeres californias.jpg\|thumb\|California women, probably Pericúes, 1726]]		[[File:Mujeres californias.jpg\|thumb\|Baja California women, probably Pericúes, 1726]]
	The '''Pericú''' ~~(also~~ ~~known~~ as ~~Pericues,~~ ~~Cora,~~ ~~Edues)~~ ~~were~~ ~~the aboriginal inhabitants of~~ the Cape Region, the southernmost portion of [[Baja California Sur]]~~, Mexico~~. They have been linguistically and culturally extinct since the late 18th century.		The '''Pericú''' were [[Indigenous peoples of Mexico]]. They lived in the Cape Region, the southernmost portion of [[Baja California Sur]]. They have been linguistically and culturally extinct since the late 18th century.

			== Name ==
			The Pericú are also known as Pericues, Cora, and Edues.

	==Territory==		==Territory==
	[[File:Pericu map.png\|right]]		[[File:Pericu map.png\|right]]
	[[File:Pericúes.png\|thumb\|~~Missions~~ among the Pericúes.]]		[[File:Pericúes.png\|thumb\|Spanish Roman Catholic missions among the Pericúes.]]
	The southern edge of the [[Baja California Peninsula]], from [[Cabo San Lucas]] east to [[Cabo Pulmo]], together with the large Gulf of California Islands of Cerralvo, Espíritu Santo, La Partida, and San José~~, have been recognized as aboriginal Pericú territory~~. [[William Clifford Massey\|William C. Massey]] thought that the eastern portion of the Cape Region, including [[Bahía las Palmas]] and [[Bahía Ventana]], was occupied by a [[Guaycura people\|Guaycura]] group known as the Cora.{{sfnp\|Massey\|1949}} Subsequent reexamination of the ethnohistoric evidence suggests that Cora was synonymous with Pericú.{{sfnp\|Laylander\|1997}}{{page needed\|date=November 2023}}		The Pericú people's territory was along the southern edge of the [[Baja California Peninsula]], from [[Cabo San Lucas]] east to [[Cabo Pulmo]], together with the large Gulf of California Islands of Cerralvo, Espíritu Santo, La Partida, and San José. [[William Clifford Massey\|William C. Massey]] thought that the eastern portion of the Cape Region, including [[Bahía las Palmas]] and [[Bahía Ventana]], was occupied by a [[Guaycura people\|Guaycura]] group known as the Cora.{{sfnp\|Massey\|1949}} Subsequent reexamination of the ethnohistoric evidence suggests that Cora was synonymous with Pericú.{{sfnp\|Laylander\|1997}}{{page needed\|date=November 2023}}

	The status of the [[La Paz, Baja California Sur\|La Paz]] area is uncertain. Massey assigned it to two Guaycura groups, the Cora and the Aripe. [[W. Michael Mathes]] argued that it had belonged to the Pericú in the 16th and 17th centuries but was taken over by the Guaycura some time between 1668 and 1720.{{sfnp\|Mathes\|1975}} An alternative interpretation is that it was disputed ground between the Pericú and Guaycura throughout the early historic period.		The status of the [[La Paz, Baja California Sur\|La Paz]] area is uncertain. Massey assigned it to two Guaycura groups, the Cora and the Aripe. [[W. Michael Mathes]] argued that it had belonged to the Pericú in the 16th and 17th centuries but was taken over by the Guaycura some time between 1668 and 1720.{{sfnp\|Mathes\|1975}} An alternative interpretation is that it was disputed ground between the Pericú and Guaycura throughout the early historic period.

	==Language==		==Language==
	Evidence concerning the ~~[[Pericú~~ ~~language\|~~language spoken by the Pericú]] is limited to a handful of words plus fewer than a dozen place names.{{sfnp\|León-Portilla\|1976}} [[Jesuit]] missionaries recognized Pericú as a language distinct from [[Guaycura language\|Guaycura]]. Massey suggested that Pericú and Guaycura had together constituted a Guaycuran language family, but this seems to have been based purely on their geographic proximity.{{sfnp\|Massey\|1949}}		The [[Pericú language]] is extinct and unattested. Evidence concerning the language spoken by the Pericú is limited to a handful of words plus fewer than a dozen place names.{{sfnp\|León-Portilla\|1976}} [[Jesuit]] missionaries recognized Pericú as a language distinct from [[Guaycura language\|Guaycura]]. Massey suggested that Pericú and Guaycura had together constituted a Guaycuran language family, but this seems to have been based purely on their geographic proximity.{{sfnp\|Massey\|1949}}

	==~~Prehistory~~==		== History ==
			=== Precontact ===
	The archaeological record for Pericú territory extends at least as far back as the early [[Holocene]], about 10,000 years ago, and perhaps into the late [[Pleistocene]].{{sfnp\|Fujita\|2006}}{{page needed\|date=November 2023}} The distinctive [[cephalic index\|hyperdolichocephalic]] (long-headed) skulls found in Cape Region burials have suggested to some scholars that the ancestors of the Pericú were either trans-Pacific immigrants or remnants of some of the New World's earliest colonizers.{{sfnp\|González-José et al.\|2003}}{{page needed\|date=November 2023}}{{sfnp\|Rivet\|1909}} The distinctive [[Las Palmas complex\|Las Palmas burial complex]], involving secondary burials painted with red ochre and deposited in caves or rockshelters, was particularly noted.{{sfnp\|Massey\|1955}} The continued use of the [[atlatl]] and dart alongside the bow and arrow as late as the 17th century, long after their replacement in most of North America, has been used to argue for an exceptional degree of isolation in southern Baja California.{{sfnp\|Massey\|1961}}		The archaeological record for Pericú territory extends at least as far back as the early [[Holocene]], about 10,000 years ago, and perhaps into the late [[Pleistocene]].{{sfnp\|Fujita\|2006}}{{page needed\|date=November 2023}} The distinctive [[cephalic index\|hyperdolichocephalic]] (long-headed) skulls found in Cape Region burials have suggested to some scholars that the ancestors of the Pericú were either trans-Pacific immigrants or remnants of some of the New World's earliest colonizers.{{sfnp\|González-José et al.\|2003}}{{page needed\|date=November 2023}}{{sfnp\|Rivet\|1909}} The distinctive [[Las Palmas complex\|Las Palmas burial complex]], involving secondary burials painted with red ochre and deposited in caves or rockshelters, was particularly noted.{{sfnp\|Massey\|1955}} The continued use of the [[atlatl]] and dart alongside the bow and arrow as late as the 17th century, long after their replacement in most of North America, has been used to argue for an exceptional degree of isolation in southern Baja California.{{sfnp\|Massey\|1961}}

	Harumi Fujita has traced the changing patterns in the exploitation of marine resources and in settlement within the prehistoric Cape Region. According to Fujita, after about AD 1000, four major centers of socioeconomic and ceremonial importance emerged in the Cape Region: near Cabo San Lucas, at Cabo Pulmo, at La Paz, and on Isla Espíritu Santo.{{sfnp\|Fujita\|2006}}{{page needed\|date=November 2023}}		Harumi Fujita has traced the changing patterns in the exploitation of marine resources and in settlement within the prehistoric Cape Region. According to Fujita, after about AD 1000, four major centers of socioeconomic and ceremonial importance emerged in the Cape Region: near Cabo San Lucas, at Cabo Pulmo, at La Paz, and on Isla Espíritu Santo.{{sfnp\|Fujita\|2006}}{{page needed\|date=November 2023}}

			=== 16th century ===
	==History==
	~~European~~ contacts with the Pericú began in the 1530s, first when [[Fortún Ximénez]] and mutineers from an expedition sent out by [[Hernán Cortés]], the conqueror of central Mexico, reached La Paz, followed shortly afterwards by an expedition under Cortés himself.{{sfnp\|Mathes\|1973}} Sporadic encounters, sometimes friendly and sometimes hostile, linked the Pericú with a succession of European explorers, privateers, missionaries, [[Manila galleon]]s, and pearl hunters throughout the 16th, 17th, and early 18th centuries.		Spanish contacts with the Pericú began in the 1530s, first when [[Fortún Ximénez]] and mutineers from an expedition sent out by [[Hernán Cortés]], the conqueror of central Mexico, reached La Paz, followed shortly afterwards by an expedition under Cortés himself.{{sfnp\|Mathes\|1973}}

			Sporadic encounters, sometimes friendly and sometimes hostile, linked the Pericú with a succession of European explorers, privateers, missionaries, [[Manila galleon]]s, and pearl hunters throughout the 16th, 17th, and early 18th centuries.

			=== 17th century ===
	[[File:Martirio de Lorenzo Carranco.jpg\|thumb\|Martyrdom of [[Lorenzo Carranco]], at the beginning of the Pericú Revolt in Santiago de los Coras de Añiñí, 1st October 1734.]]		[[File:Martirio de Lorenzo Carranco.jpg\|thumb\|Martyrdom of [[Lorenzo Carranco]], at the beginning of the Pericú Revolt in Santiago de los Coras de Añiñí, 1st October 1734.]]
	The [[Jesuits]] established their first permanent mission in Baja California at [[Loreto (Baja California)\|Loreto]] in 1697, but it was more than two decades later that they felt prepared to move into the Cape Region. Missions serving the Pericú, at least in part, were established at [[Misión de Nuestra Señora del Pilar de La Paz Airapí\|La Paz]] (1720), [[Misión Santiago de Los Coras\|Santiago]] (1724), and [[Misión Estero de las Palmas de San José del Cabo Añuití\|San José del Cabo]] (1730). A dramatic reversal came in 1734 when the Pericú Revolt began, resulting in the most serious challenge the Jesuits experienced in Baja California. Two missionaries were killed, and for two years Jesuit control over the Cape Region was interrupted.{{sfnp\|Taraval\|1931}}{{page needed\|date=November 2023}} The Pericú themselves suffered most, however, with combat deaths added to the already devastating effects of Old World diseases. By the time the Spanish crown expelled the Jesuits from Baja California in 1768, the Pericú seem to have been culturally extinct, although some of their genes may survive in local populations ~~of mixed descent~~.		The [[Jesuits]] established their first permanent mission in Baja California at [[Loreto (Baja California)\|Loreto]] in 1697, but it was more than two decades later that they felt prepared to move into the Cape Region. Missions serving the Pericú, at least in part, were established at [[Misión de Nuestra Señora del Pilar de La Paz Airapí\|La Paz]] (1720), [[Misión Santiago de Los Coras\|Santiago]] (1724), and [[Misión Estero de las Palmas de San José del Cabo Añuití\|San José del Cabo]] (1730). A dramatic reversal came in 1734 when the Pericú Revolt began, resulting in the most serious challenge the Jesuits experienced in Baja California. Two missionaries were killed, and for two years Jesuit control over the Cape Region was interrupted.{{sfnp\|Taraval\|1931}}{{page needed\|date=November 2023}} The Pericú themselves suffered most, however, with combat deaths added to the already devastating effects of Old World diseases. By the time the Spanish crown expelled the Jesuits from Baja California in 1768, the Pericú seem to have been culturally extinct, although some of their genes may survive in local [[mestizo]] populations.

	==Traditional culture==		==Traditional culture==

Lavialegon at 06:40, 6 June 2024

2024-06-06T06:40:12Z

← Previous revision		Revision as of 06:40, 6 June 2024
Line 14:		Line 14:

	==Prehistory==		==Prehistory==
	The archaeological record for Pericú territory extends at least as far back as the early [[Holocene]], about 10,000 years ago, and perhaps into the late [[Pleistocene]].{{sfnp\|Fujita\|2006}}{{page needed\|date=November 2023}} The distinctive [[cephalic index\|hyperdolichocephalic]] (long-headed) skulls found in Cape Region burials have suggested to some scholars that the ancestors of the Pericú were either trans-Pacific immigrants or remnants of some of the New World's earliest colonizers.{{sfnp\|González-José et al.\|2003}}{{page needed\|date=November 2023}}{{sfnp\|Rivet\|1909}} The distinctive [[Las Palmas complex\|Las Palmas burial complex]], involving secondary burials painted with red ochre and deposited in caves or rockshelters, was particularly noted.{{sfnp\|Massey\|1955}} The continued use of the atlatl and dart alongside the bow and arrow as late as the 17th century, long after their replacement in most of North America, has been used to argue for an exceptional degree of isolation in southern Baja California.{{sfnp\|Massey\|1961}}		The archaeological record for Pericú territory extends at least as far back as the early [[Holocene]], about 10,000 years ago, and perhaps into the late [[Pleistocene]].{{sfnp\|Fujita\|2006}}{{page needed\|date=November 2023}} The distinctive [[cephalic index\|hyperdolichocephalic]] (long-headed) skulls found in Cape Region burials have suggested to some scholars that the ancestors of the Pericú were either trans-Pacific immigrants or remnants of some of the New World's earliest colonizers.{{sfnp\|González-José et al.\|2003}}{{page needed\|date=November 2023}}{{sfnp\|Rivet\|1909}} The distinctive [[Las Palmas complex\|Las Palmas burial complex]], involving secondary burials painted with red ochre and deposited in caves or rockshelters, was particularly noted.{{sfnp\|Massey\|1955}} The continued use of the [[atlatl]] and dart alongside the bow and arrow as late as the 17th century, long after their replacement in most of North America, has been used to argue for an exceptional degree of isolation in southern Baja California.{{sfnp\|Massey\|1961}}

	Harumi Fujita has traced the changing patterns in the exploitation of marine resources and in settlement within the prehistoric Cape Region. According to Fujita, after about AD 1000, four major centers of socioeconomic and ceremonial importance emerged in the Cape Region: near Cabo San Lucas, at Cabo Pulmo, at La Paz, and on Isla Espíritu Santo.{{sfnp\|Fujita\|2006}}{{page needed\|date=November 2023}}		Harumi Fujita has traced the changing patterns in the exploitation of marine resources and in settlement within the prehistoric Cape Region. According to Fujita, after about AD 1000, four major centers of socioeconomic and ceremonial importance emerged in the Cape Region: near Cabo San Lucas, at Cabo Pulmo, at La Paz, and on Isla Espíritu Santo.{{sfnp\|Fujita\|2006}}{{page needed\|date=November 2023}}

Tom.Reding: Confirm {{Use dmy dates}} from 2013; WP:GenFixes & cleanup on

2024-05-20T17:58:20Z

Confirm {{Use dmy dates}} from 2013; WP:GenFixes & cleanup on

← Previous revision		Revision as of 17:58, 20 May 2024
Line 1:		Line 1:
	{{Use dmy dates\|date=~~September~~ ~~2013~~}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=May 2024}}
	[[File:Mujeres californias.jpg\|thumb\|California women, probably Pericúes, 1726]]		[[File:Mujeres californias.jpg\|thumb\|California women, probably Pericúes, 1726]]
	The '''Pericú''' (also known as Pericues, Cora, Edues) were the aboriginal inhabitants of the Cape Region, the southernmost portion of [[Baja California Sur]], Mexico. They have been linguistically and culturally extinct since the late 18th century.		The '''Pericú''' (also known as Pericues, Cora, Edues) were the aboriginal inhabitants of the Cape Region, the southernmost portion of [[Baja California Sur]], Mexico. They have been linguistically and culturally extinct since the late 18th century.
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	==Traditional culture==		==Traditional culture==
	The Pericú are known primarily through the accounts of early European visitors.{{sfnp\|Laylander\|2000}}{{page needed\|date=November 2023}}{{sfnp\|Mathes\|2006}} The most detailed of these were left by English privateers who spent time at Cabo San Lucas in ~~1709-1710~~ and 1721.{{sfnp\|Andrews\|1979}}{{page needed\|date=November 2023}}		The Pericú are known primarily through the accounts of early European visitors.{{sfnp\|Laylander\|2000}}{{page needed\|date=November 2023}}{{sfnp\|Mathes\|2006}} The most detailed of these were left by English privateers who spent time at Cabo San Lucas in 1709–1710 and 1721.{{sfnp\|Andrews\|1979}}{{page needed\|date=November 2023}}

	===Subsistence and material culture===		===Subsistence and material culture===

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← Previous revision		Revision as of 18:53, 17 September 2024
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	{{Short description\|Historical ~~CR7~~ of Baja California, Mexico}}		{{Short description\|Historical Indigenous peoples of Baja California, Mexico}}
	{{Use dmy dates\|date=May 2024}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=May 2024}}
	[[File:Mujeres californias.jpg\|thumb\|Baja California women, probably Pericúes, 1726]]		[[File:Mujeres californias.jpg\|thumb\|Baja California women, probably Pericúes, 1726]]
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	[[File:Pericu map.png\|right]]		[[File:Pericu map.png\|right]]
	[[File:Pericúes.png\|thumb\|Spanish Roman Catholic missions among the Pericúes.]]		[[File:Pericúes.png\|thumb\|Spanish Roman Catholic missions among the Pericúes.]]
	The Pericú people's ~~leo messi~~ was along the southern edge of the [[Baja California Peninsula]], from [[Cabo San Lucas]] east to [[Cabo Pulmo]], together with the large Gulf of California Islands of Cerralvo, Espíritu Santo, La Partida, and San José. [[William Clifford Massey\|William C. Massey]] thought that the eastern portion of the Cape Region, including [[Bahía las Palmas]] and [[Bahía Ventana]], was occupied by a [[Guaycura people\|Guaycura]] group known as the Cora.{{sfnp\|Massey\|1949}} Subsequent reexamination of the ethnohistoric evidence suggests that Cora was synonymous with Pericú.{{sfnp\|Laylander\|1997}}{{page needed\|date=November 2023}}		The Pericú people's territory was along the southern edge of the [[Baja California Peninsula]], from [[Cabo San Lucas]] east to [[Cabo Pulmo]], together with the large Gulf of California Islands of Cerralvo, Espíritu Santo, La Partida, and San José. [[William Clifford Massey\|William C. Massey]] thought that the eastern portion of the Cape Region, including [[Bahía las Palmas]] and [[Bahía Ventana]], was occupied by a [[Guaycura people\|Guaycura]] group known as the Cora.{{sfnp\|Massey\|1949}} Subsequent reexamination of the ethnohistoric evidence suggests that Cora was synonymous with Pericú.{{sfnp\|Laylander\|1997}}{{page needed\|date=November 2023}}

	The status of the [[La Paz, Baja California Sur\|La Paz]] area is uncertain. Massey assigned it to two Guaycura groups, the Cora and the Aripe. [[W. Michael Mathes]] argued that it had belonged to the Pericú in the 16th and 17th centuries but was taken over by the Guaycura some time between 1668 and 1720.{{sfnp\|Mathes\|1975}} An alternative interpretation is that it was disputed ground between the Pericú and Guaycura throughout the early historic period.		The status of the [[La Paz, Baja California Sur\|La Paz]] area is uncertain. Massey assigned it to two Guaycura groups, the Cora and the Aripe. [[W. Michael Mathes]] argued that it had belonged to the Pericú in the 16th and 17th centuries but was taken over by the Guaycura some time between 1668 and 1720.{{sfnp\|Mathes\|1975}} An alternative interpretation is that it was disputed ground between the Pericú and Guaycura throughout the early historic period.

← Previous revision		Revision as of 18:52, 17 September 2024
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	[[File:Pericu map.png\|right]]		[[File:Pericu map.png\|right]]
	[[File:Pericúes.png\|thumb\|Spanish Roman Catholic missions among the Pericúes.]]		[[File:Pericúes.png\|thumb\|Spanish Roman Catholic missions among the Pericúes.]]
	The Pericú people's ~~territory~~ was along the southern edge of the [[Baja California Peninsula]], from [[Cabo San Lucas]] east to [[Cabo Pulmo]], together with the large Gulf of California Islands of Cerralvo, Espíritu Santo, La Partida, and San José. [[William Clifford Massey\|William C. Massey]] thought that the eastern portion of the Cape Region, including [[Bahía las Palmas]] and [[Bahía Ventana]], was occupied by a [[Guaycura people\|Guaycura]] group known as the Cora.{{sfnp\|Massey\|1949}} Subsequent reexamination of the ethnohistoric evidence suggests that Cora was synonymous with Pericú.{{sfnp\|Laylander\|1997}}{{page needed\|date=November 2023}}		The Pericú people's leo messi was along the southern edge of the [[Baja California Peninsula]], from [[Cabo San Lucas]] east to [[Cabo Pulmo]], together with the large Gulf of California Islands of Cerralvo, Espíritu Santo, La Partida, and San José. [[William Clifford Massey\|William C. Massey]] thought that the eastern portion of the Cape Region, including [[Bahía las Palmas]] and [[Bahía Ventana]], was occupied by a [[Guaycura people\|Guaycura]] group known as the Cora.{{sfnp\|Massey\|1949}} Subsequent reexamination of the ethnohistoric evidence suggests that Cora was synonymous with Pericú.{{sfnp\|Laylander\|1997}}{{page needed\|date=November 2023}}

	The status of the [[La Paz, Baja California Sur\|La Paz]] area is uncertain. Massey assigned it to two Guaycura groups, the Cora and the Aripe. [[W. Michael Mathes]] argued that it had belonged to the Pericú in the 16th and 17th centuries but was taken over by the Guaycura some time between 1668 and 1720.{{sfnp\|Mathes\|1975}} An alternative interpretation is that it was disputed ground between the Pericú and Guaycura throughout the early historic period.		The status of the [[La Paz, Baja California Sur\|La Paz]] area is uncertain. Massey assigned it to two Guaycura groups, the Cora and the Aripe. [[W. Michael Mathes]] argued that it had belonged to the Pericú in the 16th and 17th centuries but was taken over by the Guaycura some time between 1668 and 1720.{{sfnp\|Mathes\|1975}} An alternative interpretation is that it was disputed ground between the Pericú and Guaycura throughout the early historic period.

← Previous revision		Revision as of 18:50, 17 September 2024
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	{{Short description\|Historical ~~Indigenous peoples~~ of Baja California, Mexico}}		{{Short description\|Historical CR7 of Baja California, Mexico}}
	{{Use dmy dates\|date=May 2024}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=May 2024}}
	[[File:Mujeres californias.jpg\|thumb\|Baja California women, probably Pericúes, 1726]]		[[File:Mujeres californias.jpg\|thumb\|Baja California women, probably Pericúes, 1726]]

← Previous revision		Revision as of 14:54, 6 June 2024
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			{{Short description\|Historical Indigenous peoples of Baja California, Mexico}}
	{{Use dmy dates\|date=May 2024}}		{{Use dmy dates\|date=May 2024}}
	[[File:Mujeres californias.jpg\|thumb\|California women, probably Pericúes, 1726]]		[[File:Mujeres californias.jpg\|thumb\|Baja California women, probably Pericúes, 1726]]
	The '''Pericú''' ~~(also~~ ~~known~~ as ~~Pericues,~~ ~~Cora,~~ ~~Edues)~~ ~~were~~ ~~the aboriginal inhabitants of~~ the Cape Region, the southernmost portion of [[Baja California Sur]]~~, Mexico~~. They have been linguistically and culturally extinct since the late 18th century.		The '''Pericú''' were [[Indigenous peoples of Mexico]]. They lived in the Cape Region, the southernmost portion of [[Baja California Sur]]. They have been linguistically and culturally extinct since the late 18th century.

			== Name ==
			The Pericú are also known as Pericues, Cora, and Edues.

	==Territory==		==Territory==
	[[File:Pericu map.png\|right]]		[[File:Pericu map.png\|right]]
	[[File:Pericúes.png\|thumb\|~~Missions~~ among the Pericúes.]]		[[File:Pericúes.png\|thumb\|Spanish Roman Catholic missions among the Pericúes.]]
	The southern edge of the [[Baja California Peninsula]], from [[Cabo San Lucas]] east to [[Cabo Pulmo]], together with the large Gulf of California Islands of Cerralvo, Espíritu Santo, La Partida, and San José~~, have been recognized as aboriginal Pericú territory~~. [[William Clifford Massey\|William C. Massey]] thought that the eastern portion of the Cape Region, including [[Bahía las Palmas]] and [[Bahía Ventana]], was occupied by a [[Guaycura people\|Guaycura]] group known as the Cora.{{sfnp\|Massey\|1949}} Subsequent reexamination of the ethnohistoric evidence suggests that Cora was synonymous with Pericú.{{sfnp\|Laylander\|1997}}{{page needed\|date=November 2023}}		The Pericú people's territory was along the southern edge of the [[Baja California Peninsula]], from [[Cabo San Lucas]] east to [[Cabo Pulmo]], together with the large Gulf of California Islands of Cerralvo, Espíritu Santo, La Partida, and San José. [[William Clifford Massey\|William C. Massey]] thought that the eastern portion of the Cape Region, including [[Bahía las Palmas]] and [[Bahía Ventana]], was occupied by a [[Guaycura people\|Guaycura]] group known as the Cora.{{sfnp\|Massey\|1949}} Subsequent reexamination of the ethnohistoric evidence suggests that Cora was synonymous with Pericú.{{sfnp\|Laylander\|1997}}{{page needed\|date=November 2023}}

	The status of the [[La Paz, Baja California Sur\|La Paz]] area is uncertain. Massey assigned it to two Guaycura groups, the Cora and the Aripe. [[W. Michael Mathes]] argued that it had belonged to the Pericú in the 16th and 17th centuries but was taken over by the Guaycura some time between 1668 and 1720.{{sfnp\|Mathes\|1975}} An alternative interpretation is that it was disputed ground between the Pericú and Guaycura throughout the early historic period.		The status of the [[La Paz, Baja California Sur\|La Paz]] area is uncertain. Massey assigned it to two Guaycura groups, the Cora and the Aripe. [[W. Michael Mathes]] argued that it had belonged to the Pericú in the 16th and 17th centuries but was taken over by the Guaycura some time between 1668 and 1720.{{sfnp\|Mathes\|1975}} An alternative interpretation is that it was disputed ground between the Pericú and Guaycura throughout the early historic period.

	==Language==		==Language==
	Evidence concerning the ~~[[Pericú~~ ~~language\|~~language spoken by the Pericú]] is limited to a handful of words plus fewer than a dozen place names.{{sfnp\|León-Portilla\|1976}} [[Jesuit]] missionaries recognized Pericú as a language distinct from [[Guaycura language\|Guaycura]]. Massey suggested that Pericú and Guaycura had together constituted a Guaycuran language family, but this seems to have been based purely on their geographic proximity.{{sfnp\|Massey\|1949}}		The [[Pericú language]] is extinct and unattested. Evidence concerning the language spoken by the Pericú is limited to a handful of words plus fewer than a dozen place names.{{sfnp\|León-Portilla\|1976}} [[Jesuit]] missionaries recognized Pericú as a language distinct from [[Guaycura language\|Guaycura]]. Massey suggested that Pericú and Guaycura had together constituted a Guaycuran language family, but this seems to have been based purely on their geographic proximity.{{sfnp\|Massey\|1949}}

	==~~Prehistory~~==		== History ==
			=== Precontact ===
	The archaeological record for Pericú territory extends at least as far back as the early [[Holocene]], about 10,000 years ago, and perhaps into the late [[Pleistocene]].{{sfnp\|Fujita\|2006}}{{page needed\|date=November 2023}} The distinctive [[cephalic index\|hyperdolichocephalic]] (long-headed) skulls found in Cape Region burials have suggested to some scholars that the ancestors of the Pericú were either trans-Pacific immigrants or remnants of some of the New World's earliest colonizers.{{sfnp\|González-José et al.\|2003}}{{page needed\|date=November 2023}}{{sfnp\|Rivet\|1909}} The distinctive [[Las Palmas complex\|Las Palmas burial complex]], involving secondary burials painted with red ochre and deposited in caves or rockshelters, was particularly noted.{{sfnp\|Massey\|1955}} The continued use of the [[atlatl]] and dart alongside the bow and arrow as late as the 17th century, long after their replacement in most of North America, has been used to argue for an exceptional degree of isolation in southern Baja California.{{sfnp\|Massey\|1961}}		The archaeological record for Pericú territory extends at least as far back as the early [[Holocene]], about 10,000 years ago, and perhaps into the late [[Pleistocene]].{{sfnp\|Fujita\|2006}}{{page needed\|date=November 2023}} The distinctive [[cephalic index\|hyperdolichocephalic]] (long-headed) skulls found in Cape Region burials have suggested to some scholars that the ancestors of the Pericú were either trans-Pacific immigrants or remnants of some of the New World's earliest colonizers.{{sfnp\|González-José et al.\|2003}}{{page needed\|date=November 2023}}{{sfnp\|Rivet\|1909}} The distinctive [[Las Palmas complex\|Las Palmas burial complex]], involving secondary burials painted with red ochre and deposited in caves or rockshelters, was particularly noted.{{sfnp\|Massey\|1955}} The continued use of the [[atlatl]] and dart alongside the bow and arrow as late as the 17th century, long after their replacement in most of North America, has been used to argue for an exceptional degree of isolation in southern Baja California.{{sfnp\|Massey\|1961}}

	Harumi Fujita has traced the changing patterns in the exploitation of marine resources and in settlement within the prehistoric Cape Region. According to Fujita, after about AD 1000, four major centers of socioeconomic and ceremonial importance emerged in the Cape Region: near Cabo San Lucas, at Cabo Pulmo, at La Paz, and on Isla Espíritu Santo.{{sfnp\|Fujita\|2006}}{{page needed\|date=November 2023}}		Harumi Fujita has traced the changing patterns in the exploitation of marine resources and in settlement within the prehistoric Cape Region. According to Fujita, after about AD 1000, four major centers of socioeconomic and ceremonial importance emerged in the Cape Region: near Cabo San Lucas, at Cabo Pulmo, at La Paz, and on Isla Espíritu Santo.{{sfnp\|Fujita\|2006}}{{page needed\|date=November 2023}}

			=== 16th century ===
	==History==
	~~European~~ contacts with the Pericú began in the 1530s, first when [[Fortún Ximénez]] and mutineers from an expedition sent out by [[Hernán Cortés]], the conqueror of central Mexico, reached La Paz, followed shortly afterwards by an expedition under Cortés himself.{{sfnp\|Mathes\|1973}} Sporadic encounters, sometimes friendly and sometimes hostile, linked the Pericú with a succession of European explorers, privateers, missionaries, [[Manila galleon]]s, and pearl hunters throughout the 16th, 17th, and early 18th centuries.		Spanish contacts with the Pericú began in the 1530s, first when [[Fortún Ximénez]] and mutineers from an expedition sent out by [[Hernán Cortés]], the conqueror of central Mexico, reached La Paz, followed shortly afterwards by an expedition under Cortés himself.{{sfnp\|Mathes\|1973}}

			Sporadic encounters, sometimes friendly and sometimes hostile, linked the Pericú with a succession of European explorers, privateers, missionaries, [[Manila galleon]]s, and pearl hunters throughout the 16th, 17th, and early 18th centuries.

			=== 17th century ===
	[[File:Martirio de Lorenzo Carranco.jpg\|thumb\|Martyrdom of [[Lorenzo Carranco]], at the beginning of the Pericú Revolt in Santiago de los Coras de Añiñí, 1st October 1734.]]		[[File:Martirio de Lorenzo Carranco.jpg\|thumb\|Martyrdom of [[Lorenzo Carranco]], at the beginning of the Pericú Revolt in Santiago de los Coras de Añiñí, 1st October 1734.]]
	The [[Jesuits]] established their first permanent mission in Baja California at [[Loreto (Baja California)\|Loreto]] in 1697, but it was more than two decades later that they felt prepared to move into the Cape Region. Missions serving the Pericú, at least in part, were established at [[Misión de Nuestra Señora del Pilar de La Paz Airapí\|La Paz]] (1720), [[Misión Santiago de Los Coras\|Santiago]] (1724), and [[Misión Estero de las Palmas de San José del Cabo Añuití\|San José del Cabo]] (1730). A dramatic reversal came in 1734 when the Pericú Revolt began, resulting in the most serious challenge the Jesuits experienced in Baja California. Two missionaries were killed, and for two years Jesuit control over the Cape Region was interrupted.{{sfnp\|Taraval\|1931}}{{page needed\|date=November 2023}} The Pericú themselves suffered most, however, with combat deaths added to the already devastating effects of Old World diseases. By the time the Spanish crown expelled the Jesuits from Baja California in 1768, the Pericú seem to have been culturally extinct, although some of their genes may survive in local populations ~~of mixed descent~~.		The [[Jesuits]] established their first permanent mission in Baja California at [[Loreto (Baja California)\|Loreto]] in 1697, but it was more than two decades later that they felt prepared to move into the Cape Region. Missions serving the Pericú, at least in part, were established at [[Misión de Nuestra Señora del Pilar de La Paz Airapí\|La Paz]] (1720), [[Misión Santiago de Los Coras\|Santiago]] (1724), and [[Misión Estero de las Palmas de San José del Cabo Añuití\|San José del Cabo]] (1730). A dramatic reversal came in 1734 when the Pericú Revolt began, resulting in the most serious challenge the Jesuits experienced in Baja California. Two missionaries were killed, and for two years Jesuit control over the Cape Region was interrupted.{{sfnp\|Taraval\|1931}}{{page needed\|date=November 2023}} The Pericú themselves suffered most, however, with combat deaths added to the already devastating effects of Old World diseases. By the time the Spanish crown expelled the Jesuits from Baja California in 1768, the Pericú seem to have been culturally extinct, although some of their genes may survive in local [[mestizo]] populations.

	==Traditional culture==		==Traditional culture==

← Previous revision		Revision as of 18:54, 2 December 2023
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	Fragments of Pericú mythology were recorded in the early 1730s.{{sfnp\|Venegas\|1979\|loc=Vol. 4 pp. 524-5}} [[Shamanism\|Shamans]] claimed to be able to effect supernatural cures of the sick. Mortuary and mourning observances were particularly elaborate.		Fragments of Pericú mythology were recorded in the early 1730s.{{sfnp\|Venegas\|1979\|loc=Vol. 4 pp. 524-5}} [[Shamanism\|Shamans]] claimed to be able to effect supernatural cures of the sick. Mortuary and mourning observances were particularly elaborate.

	The people believed in an all-powerful master named Niparaya, creator of heaven and earth. His wife is Amayicoyondi and they had three sons. One is called Quaayayp, who created the race of men. He was later killed by them. The second was Acaragui. The third was called Wac or Tuparan, depending on the sect.<ref>{{cite book \|last=Spence \|first=Lewis \|date=2006 \|title=Native American Myths \|publisher=Dover Thrift Editions \|isbn=9780486445731 \|p=138}}</ref>		The people believed in an all-powerful master named Niparaya, creator of heaven and earth. His wife is Amayicoyondi and they had three sons. One is called Quaayayp, who created the race of men. He was later killed by them. The second was Acaragui. The third was called Wac or Tuparan, depending on the sect.<ref>{{cite book \|last=Spence \|first=Lewis \|date=2006 \|title=Native American Myths \|publisher=Dover Thrift Editions \|isbn=9780486445731 \|page=138}}</ref>

	== See also ==		== See also ==
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	==References==		==References==
	* {{cite book \|last=Andrews \|first=Thomas F. \|date=1979 \|title=English Privateers at Cabo San Lucas \|location=Los Angeles \|publisher=Dawson’s Book Shop }}		* {{cite book \|last=Andrews \|first=Thomas F. \|date=1979 \|title=English Privateers at Cabo San Lucas \|location=Los Angeles \|publisher=Dawson’s Book Shop }}
	* {{cite book \|last=Fujita \|first=Harumi \|date=2006 \|chapter=The Cape Region \|title=The Prehistory of Baja California: Advances in the Archaeology of the Forgotten Peninsula \|editor1=Don Laylander \|editor2=Jerry D. Moore \|pp=82–98 \|location=Gainesville \|publisher=University Press of Florida }}		* {{cite book \|last=Fujita \|first=Harumi \|date=2006 \|chapter=The Cape Region \|title=The Prehistory of Baja California: Advances in the Archaeology of the Forgotten Peninsula \|editor1=Don Laylander \|editor2=Jerry D. Moore \|pages=82–98 \|location=Gainesville \|publisher=University Press of Florida }}
	* {{cite magazine \|last1=González-José \|first1=Rolando \|last2=González-Martín \|first2=Antonio \|last3=Hernández \|first3=Miguel \|last4=Pucciarelli \|first4=Hector M. \|last5=Sardi \|first5=Marina \|last6=Rosales \|first6=Alfonso \|last7=van der Molen \|first7=Silvina \|date=2003 \|title=Craniometric evidence for Palaeoamerican survival in Baja California \|language=es \|magazine=Nature \|volume=425 \|pp=~~62-5~~ \|ref=CITEREFGonzález-José et al.2003 }}		* {{cite magazine \|last1=González-José \|first1=Rolando \|last2=González-Martín \|first2=Antonio \|last3=Hernández \|first3=Miguel \|last4=Pucciarelli \|first4=Hector M. \|last5=Sardi \|first5=Marina \|last6=Rosales \|first6=Alfonso \|last7=van der Molen \|first7=Silvina \|date=2003 \|title=Craniometric evidence for Palaeoamerican survival in Baja California \|language=es \|magazine=Nature \|volume=425 \|pages=62–5 \|ref=CITEREFGonzález-José et al.2003 }}
	* {{cite book \|last=Laylander \|first=Don \|date=1997 \|chapter=The linguistic prehistory of Baja California \|title=Contributions to the Linguistic Prehistory of Central and Baja California \|editor1=Gary S. Breschini \|editor2=Trudy Haversat \|location=Salinas, California \|publisher=Coyote Press \|pp=1–94 }}		* {{cite book \|last=Laylander \|first=Don \|date=1997 \|chapter=The linguistic prehistory of Baja California \|title=Contributions to the Linguistic Prehistory of Central and Baja California \|editor1=Gary S. Breschini \|editor2=Trudy Haversat \|location=Salinas, California \|publisher=Coyote Press \|pages=1–94 }}
	* {{cite book \|last=Laylander \|first=Don \|date=2000 \|title=Early Ethnography of the Californias: 1533-1825 \|location=Salinas, California \|publisher=Coyote Press }}		* {{cite book \|last=Laylander \|first=Don \|date=2000 \|title=Early Ethnography of the Californias: 1533-1825 \|location=Salinas, California \|publisher=Coyote Press }}
	* {{cite journal \|last=León-Portilla \|first=Miguel \|date=1976 \|title=Sobre la lengua pericú de la Baja California \|journal=Anales de Antropologia \|volume=13 \|pp=~~87-101~~ }}		* {{cite journal \|last=León-Portilla \|first=Miguel \|date=1976 \|title=Sobre la lengua pericú de la Baja California \|journal=Anales de Antropologia \|volume=13 \|pages=87–101 }}
	* {{cite journal \|last=Massey \|first=William C. \|author-link=William Clifford Massey \|date=1949 \|title=Tribes and languages of Baja California \|journal=Southwestern Journal of Anthropology \|volume=5 \|issue=3 \|pp=~~272-307~~ }}		* {{cite journal \|last=Massey \|first=William C. \|author-link=William Clifford Massey \|date=1949 \|title=Tribes and languages of Baja California \|journal=Southwestern Journal of Anthropology \|volume=5 \|issue=3 \|pages=272–307 }}
	* {{cite thesis \|last=Massey \|first=William C. \|date=1955 \|title=Culture History in the Cape Region of Baja California, Mexico \|degree=PhD \|location=Berkeley \|publisher=University of California }}		* {{cite thesis \|last=Massey \|first=William C. \|date=1955 \|title=Culture History in the Cape Region of Baja California, Mexico \|degree=PhD \|location=Berkeley \|publisher=University of California }}
	* {{cite journal \|last=Massey \|first=William C. \|date=1961 \|title=The survival of the dart-thrower on the peninsula of Baja California \|journal=Southwestern Journal of Anthropology \|volume=17 \|issue=1 \|pp=~~81-93~~ }}		* {{cite journal \|last=Massey \|first=William C. \|date=1961 \|title=The survival of the dart-thrower on the peninsula of Baja California \|journal=Southwestern Journal of Anthropology \|volume=17 \|issue=1 \|pages=81–93 }}
	* {{cite book \|last=Mathes \|first=W. Michael \|author-link=W. Michael Mathes \|date=1973 \|title=The Conquistador in California: 1535 \|location=Los Angeles \|publisher=Dawson’s Book Shop }}		* {{cite book \|last=Mathes \|first=W. Michael \|author-link=W. Michael Mathes \|date=1973 \|title=The Conquistador in California: 1535 \|location=Los Angeles \|publisher=Dawson’s Book Shop }}
	* {{cite journal \|last=Mathes \|first=W. Michael \|date=1975 \|title=Some new observations relative to the indigenous inhabitants of La Paz, Baja California Sur \|journal=Journal of California Anthropology \|volume=2 \|issue=2 \|pp=~~180-182~~ }}		* {{cite journal \|last=Mathes \|first=W. Michael \|date=1975 \|title=Some new observations relative to the indigenous inhabitants of La Paz, Baja California Sur \|journal=Journal of California Anthropology \|volume=2 \|issue=2 \|pages=180–182 }}
	* {{cite book \|last=Mathes \|first=W. Michael \|date=2006 \|chapter=Ethnohistoric Evidence \|title=The Prehistory of Baja California: Advances in the Archaeology of the Forgotten Peninsula \|editor1=Don Laylander \|editor2=Jerry D. Moore \|location=Gainesville \|publisher=University Press of Florida \|pp=42–66 }}		* {{cite book \|last=Mathes \|first=W. Michael \|date=2006 \|chapter=Ethnohistoric Evidence \|title=The Prehistory of Baja California: Advances in the Archaeology of the Forgotten Peninsula \|editor1=Don Laylander \|editor2=Jerry D. Moore \|location=Gainesville \|publisher=University Press of Florida \|pages=42–66 }}
	* {{cite journal \|last=Rivet \|first=Paul \|date=1909 \|title=Recherches anthropologiques sur la Basse-Californie \|journal=Journal de la Société des Américanistes de Paris \|volume=6 \|pp=~~147-253~~ }}		* {{cite journal \|last=Rivet \|first=Paul \|date=1909 \|title=Recherches anthropologiques sur la Basse-Californie \|journal=Journal de la Société des Américanistes de Paris \|volume=6 \|pages=147–253 }}
	* {{cite book \|last=Taraval \|first=Sigismundo \|date=1931 \|title=The Indian Uprising in Lower California, 1734-1737 \|location=Los Angeles \|publisher=Quivira Society }}		* {{cite book \|last=Taraval \|first=Sigismundo \|date=1931 \|title=The Indian Uprising in Lower California, 1734-1737 \|location=Los Angeles \|publisher=Quivira Society }}
	* {{cite book \|last=Venegas \|first=Miguel \|date=1979 \|title=Obras californianas del padre Miguel Venegas, S.J. - 5 volumes \|location=La Paz, Mexico \|publisher=Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Sur }}		* {{cite book \|last=Venegas \|first=Miguel \|date=1979 \|title=Obras californianas del padre Miguel Venegas, S.J. - 5 volumes \|location=La Paz, Mexico \|publisher=Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Sur }}

	{{Authority control}}		{{Authority control}}