Peter and Rosemary Grant - Revision history

EighteenFiftyNine: /* Books */ Added Peter Grant biography

2024-11-12T07:25:19Z

Books: Added Peter Grant biography

← Previous revision		Revision as of 07:25, 12 November 2024
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	* {{cite book \|last1=Grant \|first1=Peter R. \|last2=Grant \|first2=B. Rosemary \|title=How and Why Species Multiply: The Radiation of Darwin's Finches \|publisher=Princeton University Press \|publication-place=Princeton \|year=2007 \|isbn=978-0-691-13360-7 \|oclc=474218839 \|doi=10.1515/9781400837946 \|jstor=j.ctvx5wc23}}		* {{cite book \|last1=Grant \|first1=Peter R. \|last2=Grant \|first2=B. Rosemary \|title=How and Why Species Multiply: The Radiation of Darwin's Finches \|publisher=Princeton University Press \|publication-place=Princeton \|year=2007 \|isbn=978-0-691-13360-7 \|oclc=474218839 \|doi=10.1515/9781400837946 \|jstor=j.ctvx5wc23}}
	* {{cite book \|last1=Grant \|first1=Peter R. \|last2=Grant \|first2=B. Rosemary \|title=40 Years of Evolution: Darwin's Finches on Daphne Major Island \|publisher=Princeton University Press \|publication-place=Princeton, NJ \|year=2014 \|isbn=978-1-4008-5130-0 \|oclc=870597475 \|jstor=j.ctt5hhncc}}		* {{cite book \|last1=Grant \|first1=Peter R. \|last2=Grant \|first2=B. Rosemary \|title=40 Years of Evolution: Darwin's Finches on Daphne Major Island \|publisher=Princeton University Press \|publication-place=Princeton, NJ \|year=2014 \|isbn=978-1-4008-5130-0 \|oclc=870597475 \|jstor=j.ctt5hhncc}}
			* Grant, Peter R (2023). ''Enchanted by Daphne: The Life of an Evolutionary Naturalist''. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. [[Special:BookSources/9780691246246\|ISBN 978-0-6912-4624-6]]
	* {{cite book \|last=Grant \|first=B. Rosemary \|title=One Step Sideways, Three Steps Forward: One Woman's Path to Becoming a Biologist \|publisher=Princeton University Press \|publication-place=Princeton, New Jersey \|year=2024 \|isbn=978-0-691-26069-3 \|oclc=1437724652 \|doi=10.2307/jj.9446867 \|jstor=jj.9446867}}		* {{cite book \|last=Grant \|first=B. Rosemary \|title=One Step Sideways, Three Steps Forward: One Woman's Path to Becoming a Biologist \|publisher=Princeton University Press \|publication-place=Princeton, New Jersey \|year=2024 \|isbn=978-0-691-26069-3 \|oclc=1437724652 \|doi=10.2307/jj.9446867 \|jstor=jj.9446867}}

Οἶδα: Redirect bypass from Pulitzer Prize for General Non-Fiction to Pulitzer Prize for General Nonfiction using popups

2024-11-11T03:50:50Z

Redirect bypass from Pulitzer Prize for General Non-Fiction to Pulitzer Prize for General Nonfiction using popups

← Previous revision		Revision as of 03:50, 11 November 2024
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	'''Peter Raymond Grant''' {{postnominals\|country=GBR\|FRS}} {{postnominals\|country=CAN\|FRSC}} (born October 26, 1936) and '''Barbara Rosemary Grant''' {{postnominals\|country=GBR\|FRS}} {{postnominals\|country=CAN\|FRSC}} (born October 8, 1936) are a British married couple who are [[Evolutionary biology\|evolutionary biologists]] at [[Princeton University]]. Each currently holds the position of [[emeritus]] professor. They are known for their work with [[Darwin's finches]] on [[Daphne Major]], one of the [[Galápagos Islands]]. Since 1973, the Grants have spent six months of every year capturing, tagging, and taking blood samples from finches on the island. They have worked to show that [[natural selection]] can be seen within a single lifetime, or even within a couple of years. [[Charles Darwin]] originally thought that natural selection was a long, drawn out process but the Grants have shown that these changes in populations can happen very quickly.		'''Peter Raymond Grant''' {{postnominals\|country=GBR\|FRS}} {{postnominals\|country=CAN\|FRSC}} (born October 26, 1936) and '''Barbara Rosemary Grant''' {{postnominals\|country=GBR\|FRS}} {{postnominals\|country=CAN\|FRSC}} (born October 8, 1936) are a British married couple who are [[Evolutionary biology\|evolutionary biologists]] at [[Princeton University]]. Each currently holds the position of [[emeritus]] professor. They are known for their work with [[Darwin's finches]] on [[Daphne Major]], one of the [[Galápagos Islands]]. Since 1973, the Grants have spent six months of every year capturing, tagging, and taking blood samples from finches on the island. They have worked to show that [[natural selection]] can be seen within a single lifetime, or even within a couple of years. [[Charles Darwin]] originally thought that natural selection was a long, drawn out process but the Grants have shown that these changes in populations can happen very quickly.

	In 1994, they were awarded the [[Leidy Award]] from the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.<ref name="PANSP">{{cite journal\|date=June 2007\|title=The Four Awards Bestowed by The Academy of Natural Sciences and Their Recipients\|journal=Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia\|volume=156 \|issue=1 \|pages=403–404 \|doi=10.1635/0097-3157(2007)156[403:TFABBT]2.0.CO;2 \|s2cid=198160356 }}</ref> The Grants were the subject of the book ''[[The Beak of the Finch\|The Beak of the Finch: A Story of Evolution in Our Time]]'' by [[Jonathan Weiner]], which won the [[Pulitzer Prize for General ~~Non-Fiction~~]] in 1995.		In 1994, they were awarded the [[Leidy Award]] from the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.<ref name="PANSP">{{cite journal\|date=June 2007\|title=The Four Awards Bestowed by The Academy of Natural Sciences and Their Recipients\|journal=Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia\|volume=156 \|issue=1 \|pages=403–404 \|doi=10.1635/0097-3157(2007)156[403:TFABBT]2.0.CO;2 \|s2cid=198160356 }}</ref> The Grants were the subject of the book ''[[The Beak of the Finch\|The Beak of the Finch: A Story of Evolution in Our Time]]'' by [[Jonathan Weiner]], which won the [[Pulitzer Prize for General Nonfiction]] in 1995.

	In 2003, the Grants were joint recipients of the [[Loye and Alden Miller Research Award]]. They won the 2005 [[Balzan Prize]] for Population Biology.<ref name="Balzan 2005">{{cite web \| title=Peter e Rosemary Grant: 2005 Balzan Prize for Population Biology \| website=Fondazione Internazionale Premio Balzan \| date=2024-01-15 \| url=https://www.balzan.org/en/prizewinners/peter-and-rosemary-grant \| access-date=2024-07-27}}</ref> The Balzan Prize citation states:		In 2003, the Grants were joint recipients of the [[Loye and Alden Miller Research Award]]. They won the 2005 [[Balzan Prize]] for Population Biology.<ref name="Balzan 2005">{{cite web \| title=Peter e Rosemary Grant: 2005 Balzan Prize for Population Biology \| website=Fondazione Internazionale Premio Balzan \| date=2024-01-15 \| url=https://www.balzan.org/en/prizewinners/peter-and-rosemary-grant \| access-date=2024-07-27}}</ref> The Balzan Prize citation states:
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	* {{cite book \|last=Grant \|first=B. Rosemary \|title=One Step Sideways, Three Steps Forward: One Woman's Path to Becoming a Biologist \|publisher=Princeton University Press \|publication-place=Princeton, New Jersey \|year=2024 \|isbn=978-0-691-26069-3 \|oclc=1437724652 \|doi=10.2307/jj.9446867 \|jstor=jj.9446867}}		* {{cite book \|last=Grant \|first=B. Rosemary \|title=One Step Sideways, Three Steps Forward: One Woman's Path to Becoming a Biologist \|publisher=Princeton University Press \|publication-place=Princeton, New Jersey \|year=2024 \|isbn=978-0-691-26069-3 \|oclc=1437724652 \|doi=10.2307/jj.9446867 \|jstor=jj.9446867}}

	The Grants were the subject of the [[Pulitzer Prize for General ~~Non-Fiction~~]] in 1995:<ref>{{Cite web \|url=http://www.pulitzer.org/prize-winners-by-year/1995 \|title=1995 Pulitzer Prize Winners \|website=pulitzer.org \|publisher=The Pulitzer Prizes — Columbia University \|access-date=23 August 2017 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170615000950/http://www.pulitzer.org/prize-winners-by-year/1995 \|archive-date=15 June 2017 \|df=dmy-all }}</ref> {{cite book \|last=Weiner \|author-link=Jonathan Weiner \|first=Jonathan \|title=The Beak of the Finch: A Story of Evolution in Our Time \|title-link=The Beak of the Finch \|publisher=Knopf : Distributed by Random House \|publication-place=New York \|year=1994 \|isbn=978-1-101-87296-3 \|oclc=971624928}}		The Grants were the subject of the [[Pulitzer Prize for General Nonfiction]] in 1995:<ref>{{Cite web \|url=http://www.pulitzer.org/prize-winners-by-year/1995 \|title=1995 Pulitzer Prize Winners \|website=pulitzer.org \|publisher=The Pulitzer Prizes — Columbia University \|access-date=23 August 2017 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170615000950/http://www.pulitzer.org/prize-winners-by-year/1995 \|archive-date=15 June 2017 \|df=dmy-all }}</ref> {{cite book \|last=Weiner \|author-link=Jonathan Weiner \|first=Jonathan \|title=The Beak of the Finch: A Story of Evolution in Our Time \|title-link=The Beak of the Finch \|publisher=Knopf : Distributed by Random House \|publication-place=New York \|year=1994 \|isbn=978-1-101-87296-3 \|oclc=971624928}}

	==References==		==References==

JJMC89 bot III: Moving :Category:Female Fellows of the Royal Society to :Category:Female fellows of the Royal Society per Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Speedy

2024-09-13T08:27:56Z

Moving Category:Female Fellows of the Royal Society to Category:Female fellows of the Royal Society per Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Speedy

← Previous revision		Revision as of 08:27, 13 September 2024
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	[[Category:British expatriates in the United States]]		[[Category:British expatriates in the United States]]
	[[Category:Fellows of the Royal Society]]		[[Category:Fellows of the Royal Society]]
	[[Category:Female ~~Fellows~~ of the Royal Society]]		[[Category:Female fellows of the Royal Society]]
	[[Category:Foreign associates of the National Academy of Sciences]]		[[Category:Foreign associates of the National Academy of Sciences]]
	[[Category:Kyoto laureates in Basic Sciences]]		[[Category:Kyoto laureates in Basic Sciences]]

Citation bot: Add: authors 1-1. Removed URL that duplicated identifier. Removed access-date with no URL. Removed parameters. Some additions/deletions were parameter name changes. | Use this bot. Report bugs. | Suggested by Abductive | Category:Married couples | #UCB_Category 270/405

2024-08-30T14:48:11Z

Add: authors 1-1. Removed URL that duplicated identifier. Removed access-date with no URL. Removed parameters. Some additions/deletions were parameter name changes. | Use this bot. Report bugs. | Suggested by Abductive | Category:Married couples | #UCB_Category 270/405

← Previous revision		Revision as of 14:48, 30 August 2024
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	Big Bird was originally assumed to be an immigrant from the [[Santa Cruz Island (Galápagos)\|island of Santa Cruz]]. However, in 2015, whole genome analysis linked its descent to a bird that originated on [[Española Island]], more than 100 kilometers from Daphne Major, the [[Española cactus finch]] (''G. conirostris'').		Big Bird was originally assumed to be an immigrant from the [[Santa Cruz Island (Galápagos)\|island of Santa Cruz]]. However, in 2015, whole genome analysis linked its descent to a bird that originated on [[Española Island]], more than 100 kilometers from Daphne Major, the [[Española cactus finch]] (''G. conirostris'').
	Descendants of ''G. conirostris'' and local finches (''[[G. fortis]]'') have become a distinct species, the first example of [[speciation]] to be directly observed by scientists in the field.<ref name="Galloway">{{cite news \|last1=Galloway \|first1=Rory \|title=Galapagos finches caught in act of becoming new species \|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-42103058 \|access-date=14 February 2022 \|work=BBC News \|date=23 November 2017}}</ref>		Descendants of ''G. conirostris'' and local finches (''[[G. fortis]]'') have become a distinct species, the first example of [[speciation]] to be directly observed by scientists in the field.<ref name="Galloway">{{cite news \|last1=Galloway \|first1=Rory \|title=Galapagos finches caught in act of becoming new species \|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-42103058 \|access-date=14 February 2022 \|work=BBC News \|date=23 November 2017}}</ref>
	Whole genome studies have enabled scientists to trace changes in the genome as the species became distinct. Genes for beak shape (ALX1) and beak size (HMGA2) have been determined to be crucial in separating the hybridized species from local finches. Genes relating to the finches' song may also be involved.<ref name="Holmes"/><ref name="Lamichhaney">{{cite journal \|last1=Lamichhaney \|first1=Sangeet \|last2=Han \|first2=Fan \|last3=Webster \|first3=Matthew T. \|last4=Andersson \|first4=Leif \|last5=Grant \|first5=B. Rosemary \|last6=Grant \|first6=Peter R. \|title=Rapid hybrid speciation in Darwin's finches \|journal=Science \|date=12 January 2018 \|volume=359 \|issue=6372 \|pages=224–228 \|doi=10.1126/science.aao4593 \|pmid=29170277 \|bibcode=2018Sci...359..224L \|s2cid=206663426 ~~\|url=https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aao4593 \|access-date=14 February 2022~~ \|language=EN\|doi-access=free }}</ref>		Whole genome studies have enabled scientists to trace changes in the genome as the species became distinct. Genes for beak shape (ALX1) and beak size (HMGA2) have been determined to be crucial in separating the hybridized species from local finches. Genes relating to the finches' song may also be involved.<ref name="Holmes"/><ref name="Lamichhaney">{{cite journal \|last1=Lamichhaney \|first1=Sangeet \|last2=Han \|first2=Fan \|last3=Webster \|first3=Matthew T. \|last4=Andersson \|first4=Leif \|last5=Grant \|first5=B. Rosemary \|last6=Grant \|first6=Peter R. \|title=Rapid hybrid speciation in Darwin's finches \|journal=Science \|date=12 January 2018 \|volume=359 \|issue=6372 \|pages=224–228 \|doi=10.1126/science.aao4593 \|pmid=29170277 \|bibcode=2018Sci...359..224L \|s2cid=206663426 \|language=EN\|doi-access=free }}</ref>

	Over the course of 1982–1983, [[El Niño]] brought a steady eight months of rain. In a normal rainy season Daphne Major usually gets two months of rain.<ref name=bell6>{{cite journal \|last1=Bell \|first1=G. \|title=Every inch a finch: a commentary on Grant (1993) 'Hybridization of Darwin's finches on Isla Daphne Major, Galapagos' \|journal=Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences \|date=2015 \|volume=370 \|issue=1666 \|pages=20140287 \|doi=10.1098/rstb.2014.0287 \|pmid=25750230 \|pmc=4360115}}</ref> The excessive rain brought a turnover in the types of vegetation growing on the island. The seeds shifted from large, hard to crack seeds to many different types of small, softer seeds. This gave birds with smaller beaks an advantage when another drought hit the following year.<ref name=bell6 /> Small-beaked finch could eat all of the small seeds faster than the larger beaked birds could get to them.		Over the course of 1982–1983, [[El Niño]] brought a steady eight months of rain. In a normal rainy season Daphne Major usually gets two months of rain.<ref name=bell6>{{cite journal \|last1=Bell \|first1=G. \|title=Every inch a finch: a commentary on Grant (1993) 'Hybridization of Darwin's finches on Isla Daphne Major, Galapagos' \|journal=Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences \|date=2015 \|volume=370 \|issue=1666 \|pages=20140287 \|doi=10.1098/rstb.2014.0287 \|pmid=25750230 \|pmc=4360115}}</ref> The excessive rain brought a turnover in the types of vegetation growing on the island. The seeds shifted from large, hard to crack seeds to many different types of small, softer seeds. This gave birds with smaller beaks an advantage when another drought hit the following year.<ref name=bell6 /> Small-beaked finch could eat all of the small seeds faster than the larger beaked birds could get to them.
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	==Books==		==Books==
	* {{cite book \|~~last~~=Grant \|~~first~~=B. Rosemary \|last2=Grant \|first2=Peter R. \|title=Evolutionary Dynamics of a Natural Population: Large Cactus Finch of the Galápagos \|publisher=University of Chicago Press \|publication-place=Chicago \|year=1989 \|isbn=978-0-226-30590-5 \|oclc=1149015572 \|url=https://archive.org/details/evolutionarydyna0000gran \|url-access=registration \|via=Internet Archive}}		* {{cite book \|last1=Grant \|first1=B. Rosemary \|last2=Grant \|first2=Peter R. \|title=Evolutionary Dynamics of a Natural Population: Large Cactus Finch of the Galápagos \|publisher=University of Chicago Press \|publication-place=Chicago \|year=1989 \|isbn=978-0-226-30590-5 \|oclc=1149015572 \|url=https://archive.org/details/evolutionarydyna0000gran \|url-access=registration \|via=Internet Archive}}
	* {{cite book \|~~last~~=Grant \|~~first~~=Peter R. \|last2=Grant \|first2=B. Rosemary \|title=How and Why Species Multiply: The Radiation of Darwin's Finches \|publisher=Princeton University Press \|publication-place=Princeton \|year=2007 \|isbn=978-0-691-13360-7 \|oclc=474218839 \|doi=10.1515/9781400837946 \|jstor=j.ctvx5wc23}}		* {{cite book \|last1=Grant \|first1=Peter R. \|last2=Grant \|first2=B. Rosemary \|title=How and Why Species Multiply: The Radiation of Darwin's Finches \|publisher=Princeton University Press \|publication-place=Princeton \|year=2007 \|isbn=978-0-691-13360-7 \|oclc=474218839 \|doi=10.1515/9781400837946 \|jstor=j.ctvx5wc23}}
	* {{cite book \|~~last~~=Grant \|~~first~~=Peter R. \|last2=Grant \|first2=B. Rosemary \|title=40 Years of Evolution: Darwin's Finches on Daphne Major Island \|publisher=Princeton University Press \|publication-place=Princeton, NJ \|year=2014 \|isbn=978-1-4008-5130-0 \|oclc=870597475 \|jstor=j.ctt5hhncc}}		* {{cite book \|last1=Grant \|first1=Peter R. \|last2=Grant \|first2=B. Rosemary \|title=40 Years of Evolution: Darwin's Finches on Daphne Major Island \|publisher=Princeton University Press \|publication-place=Princeton, NJ \|year=2014 \|isbn=978-1-4008-5130-0 \|oclc=870597475 \|jstor=j.ctt5hhncc}}
	* {{cite book \|last=Grant \|first=B. Rosemary \|title=One Step Sideways, Three Steps Forward: One Woman's Path to Becoming a Biologist \|publisher=Princeton University Press \|publication-place=Princeton, New Jersey \|year=2024 \|isbn=978-0-691-26069-3 \|oclc=1437724652 \|doi=10.2307/jj.9446867 \|jstor=jj.9446867}}		* {{cite book \|last=Grant \|first=B. Rosemary \|title=One Step Sideways, Three Steps Forward: One Woman's Path to Becoming a Biologist \|publisher=Princeton University Press \|publication-place=Princeton, New Jersey \|year=2024 \|isbn=978-0-691-26069-3 \|oclc=1437724652 \|doi=10.2307/jj.9446867 \|jstor=jj.9446867}}

Peaceray: /* External links */ Put categories into alphanumeric order

2024-07-27T19:32:30Z

External links: Put categories into alphanumeric order

← Previous revision		Revision as of 19:32, 27 July 2024
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	{{DEFAULTSORT:Grant, Peter and Rosemary}}		{{DEFAULTSORT:Grant, Peter and Rosemary}}
⚫	[[Category:Living people]]
	[[Category:1936 births]]		[[Category:1936 births]]
⚫	[[Category:Married couples]]
	[[Category:British evolutionary biologists]]
	[[Category:British ecologists]]		[[Category:British ecologists]]
	[[Category:~~Princeton~~ ~~University~~ ~~faculty~~]]		[[Category:British evolutionary biologists]]
⚫	[[Category:Kyoto laureates in Basic Sciences]]
⚫	[[Category:~~Fellows~~ of the ~~Royal~~ Society]]
	[[Category:British expatriates in the United States]]		[[Category:British expatriates in the United States]]
	[[Category:~~University~~ of ~~Michigan~~ ~~faculty~~]]		[[Category:Fellows of the Royal Society]]
	[[Category:Members of the American Philosophical Society]]
⚫	[[Category:Foreign associates of the National Academy of Sciences]]
	[[Category:Female Fellows of the Royal Society]]		[[Category:Female Fellows of the Royal Society]]
		⚫	[[Category:Foreign associates of the National Academy of Sciences]]
		⚫	[[Category:Kyoto laureates in Basic Sciences]]
		⚫	[[Category:Living people]]
		⚫	[[Category:Married couples]]
		⚫	[[Category:Members of the American Philosophical Society]]
	[[Category:Presidents of the American Society of Naturalists]]		[[Category:Presidents of the American Society of Naturalists]]
			[[Category:Princeton University faculty]]
			[[Category:University of Michigan faculty]]

	[[de:Peter Raymond Grant]]		[[de:Peter Raymond Grant]]

Peaceray: Updated "Balzan 2005" & propagated reference

2024-07-27T19:30:23Z

Updated "Balzan 2005" & propagated reference

← Previous revision		Revision as of 19:30, 27 July 2024
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	In 1994, they were awarded the [[Leidy Award]] from the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.<ref name="PANSP">{{cite journal\|date=June 2007\|title=The Four Awards Bestowed by The Academy of Natural Sciences and Their Recipients\|journal=Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia\|volume=156 \|issue=1 \|pages=403–404 \|doi=10.1635/0097-3157(2007)156[403:TFABBT]2.0.CO;2 \|s2cid=198160356 }}</ref> The Grants were the subject of the book ''[[The Beak of the Finch\|The Beak of the Finch: A Story of Evolution in Our Time]]'' by [[Jonathan Weiner]], which won the [[Pulitzer Prize for General Non-Fiction]] in 1995.		In 1994, they were awarded the [[Leidy Award]] from the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.<ref name="PANSP">{{cite journal\|date=June 2007\|title=The Four Awards Bestowed by The Academy of Natural Sciences and Their Recipients\|journal=Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia\|volume=156 \|issue=1 \|pages=403–404 \|doi=10.1635/0097-3157(2007)156[403:TFABBT]2.0.CO;2 \|s2cid=198160356 }}</ref> The Grants were the subject of the book ''[[The Beak of the Finch\|The Beak of the Finch: A Story of Evolution in Our Time]]'' by [[Jonathan Weiner]], which won the [[Pulitzer Prize for General Non-Fiction]] in 1995.

	In 2003, the Grants were joint recipients of the [[Loye and Alden Miller Research Award]]. They won the 2005 [[Balzan Prize]] for Population Biology.<ref name=":1">{{~~Cite~~ web\|~~url~~=~~http~~:~~//www.balzan.org//premiati.aspx?lang=en&Codice=1117&show=1&from=1117&from1=0~~\|~~title~~=Fondazione Balzan\|~~publisher~~=~~balzan.org\|access~~-~~date=24~~ ~~June~~ ~~2017\|url-status=dead\|archive-~~url=https~~://web.archive.org/web/20160304052556/http~~://www.balzan.org//~~premiati.aspx?lang=en&Codice=1117&show=1&from=1117&from1=0~~\|~~archive~~-date=~~4 March 2016\|df=dmy~~-~~all~~}}</ref> The Balzan Prize citation states:		In 2003, the Grants were joint recipients of the [[Loye and Alden Miller Research Award]]. They won the 2005 [[Balzan Prize]] for Population Biology.<ref name="Balzan 2005">{{cite web \| title=Peter e Rosemary Grant: 2005 Balzan Prize for Population Biology \| website=Fondazione Internazionale Premio Balzan \| date=2024-01-15 \| url=https://www.balzan.org/en/prizewinners/peter-and-rosemary-grant \| access-date=2024-07-27}}</ref> The Balzan Prize citation states:
	:Peter and Rosemary Grant are distinguished for their remarkable long-term studies demonstrating evolution in action in Galápagos finches. They have demonstrated how very rapid changes in body and beak size in response to changes in the food supply are driven by natural selection. They have also elucidated the mechanisms by which new species arise and how genetic diversity is maintained in natural populations. The work of the Grants has had a seminal influence in the fields of population biology, evolution, and ecology.<ref name=":1" />		:Peter and Rosemary Grant are distinguished for their remarkable long-term studies demonstrating evolution in action in Galápagos finches. They have demonstrated how very rapid changes in body and beak size in response to changes in the food supply are driven by natural selection. They have also elucidated the mechanisms by which new species arise and how genetic diversity is maintained in natural populations. The work of the Grants has had a seminal influence in the fields of population biology, evolution, and ecology.<ref name="Balzan 2005" />

	The Grants are both [[Fellow of the Royal Society\|Fellows of the Royal Society]], Peter in 1987, and Rosemary in 2007. In 2008, the Grants were among the thirteen recipients of the [[Darwin-Wallace Medal]], which is bestowed every fifty years by the [[Linnean Society of London]]. In 2009, they were recipients of the annual [[Kyoto Prize]] in basic sciences, an international award honouring significant contributions to the scientific, cultural and spiritual betterment of mankind.<ref name=":0" /> In 2017, they received the [[Royal Medal]] in Biology "for their research on the ecology and evolution of Darwin’s finches on the Galapagos, demonstrating that natural selection occurs frequently and that evolution is rapid as a result".<ref>{{cite news\|title=Peter and Rosemary Grant receive Royal Medal in Biology\|url=https://www.princeton.edu/news/2017/07/18/peter-and-rosemary-grant-receive-royal-medal-biology\|access-date=18 July 2017\|work=Princeton University\|agency=Office of Communications\|date=18 July 2017\|url-status=live\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170719232815/https://www.princeton.edu/news/2017/07/18/peter-and-rosemary-grant-receive-royal-medal-biology\|archive-date=19 July 2017\|df=dmy-all}}</ref>		The Grants are both [[Fellow of the Royal Society\|Fellows of the Royal Society]], Peter in 1987, and Rosemary in 2007. In 2008, the Grants were among the thirteen recipients of the [[Darwin-Wallace Medal]], which is bestowed every fifty years by the [[Linnean Society of London]]. In 2009, they were recipients of the annual [[Kyoto Prize]] in basic sciences, an international award honouring significant contributions to the scientific, cultural and spiritual betterment of mankind.<ref name=":0" /> In 2017, they received the [[Royal Medal]] in Biology "for their research on the ecology and evolution of Darwin’s finches on the Galapagos, demonstrating that natural selection occurs frequently and that evolution is rapid as a result".<ref>{{cite news\|title=Peter and Rosemary Grant receive Royal Medal in Biology\|url=https://www.princeton.edu/news/2017/07/18/peter-and-rosemary-grant-receive-royal-medal-biology\|access-date=18 July 2017\|work=Princeton University\|agency=Office of Communications\|date=18 July 2017\|url-status=live\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170719232815/https://www.princeton.edu/news/2017/07/18/peter-and-rosemary-grant-receive-royal-medal-biology\|archive-date=19 July 2017\|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
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	In ''Evolution: Making Sense of Life'', the takeaway from the Grants' 40-year study can be broken down into three major lessons. The first is that natural selection is a variable, constantly changing process. The fact that they studied the island in both times of excessive rain and drought provides a better picture of what happens to populations over time. The next lesson learned is that evolution can actually be a fairly rapid process. It does not take millions of years; these processes can be seen in as little as two years. Lastly, and as the author states, most importantly, selection can change over time. During some years, selection will favour those birds with larger beaks. Other years with substantial amounts of smaller seeds, selection will favour the birds with the smaller beaks.<ref>Zimmer, Carl, and Douglas John Emlen. "Natural Selection: Empirical Studies in the Wild." Evolution: Making Sense of Life. Greenwood Village, CO: Roberts, 2013. 220-23. Print.</ref>		In ''Evolution: Making Sense of Life'', the takeaway from the Grants' 40-year study can be broken down into three major lessons. The first is that natural selection is a variable, constantly changing process. The fact that they studied the island in both times of excessive rain and drought provides a better picture of what happens to populations over time. The next lesson learned is that evolution can actually be a fairly rapid process. It does not take millions of years; these processes can be seen in as little as two years. Lastly, and as the author states, most importantly, selection can change over time. During some years, selection will favour those birds with larger beaks. Other years with substantial amounts of smaller seeds, selection will favour the birds with the smaller beaks.<ref>Zimmer, Carl, and Douglas John Emlen. "Natural Selection: Empirical Studies in the Wild." Evolution: Making Sense of Life. Greenwood Village, CO: Roberts, 2013. 220-23. Print.</ref>

	In their 2003 paper, the Grants wrap up their decades-long study by stating that selection oscillates in a direction. For this reason, neither the medium ground finch nor the cactus finch has stayed [[Morphology (biology)\|morphologically]] the same over the course of the experiment. The average beak and body size are not the same today for either species as they were when the study first began.<ref>{{cite journal \|last1=Grant \|first1=B. Rosemary \|last2=Grant \|first2=Peter R. \|title=What Darwin's Finches Can Teach Us about the Evolutionary Origin and Regulation of Biodiversity \|journal=BioScience \|date=2003 \|volume=53 \|issue=10 \|pages=965 \|doi=10.1641/0006-3568(2003)053[0965:WDFCTU]2.0.CO;2\|doi-access=free }}</ref> The Grants also state that these changes in morphology and [[phenotypes]] could not have been predicted at the beginning.<ref name="~~bio13">{{cite web \|title=Peter and Rosemary Grant -~~ Balzan ~~Prizewinner Bio-bibliography \|url=https://www.balzan.org/en/prizewinners/peter-and-rosemary-grant/bio-bibliography-grant \|website=www.balzan.org \|access-date=26 March 2019 \|date=January~~ ~~2009}}<~~/~~ref~~> They were able to witness the evolution of the finch species as a result of the inconsistent and harsh environment of Daphne Major directly.		In their 2003 paper, the Grants wrap up their decades-long study by stating that selection oscillates in a direction. For this reason, neither the medium ground finch nor the cactus finch has stayed [[Morphology (biology)\|morphologically]] the same over the course of the experiment. The average beak and body size are not the same today for either species as they were when the study first began.<ref>{{cite journal \|last1=Grant \|first1=B. Rosemary \|last2=Grant \|first2=Peter R. \|title=What Darwin's Finches Can Teach Us about the Evolutionary Origin and Regulation of Biodiversity \|journal=BioScience \|date=2003 \|volume=53 \|issue=10 \|pages=965 \|doi=10.1641/0006-3568(2003)053[0965:WDFCTU]2.0.CO;2\|doi-access=free }}</ref> The Grants also state that these changes in morphology and [[phenotypes]] could not have been predicted at the beginning.<ref name="Balzan 2005" /> They were able to witness the evolution of the finch species as a result of the inconsistent and harsh environment of Daphne Major directly.

	==Awards and recognition==		==Awards and recognition==

	=== Peter Grant ===		=== Peter Grant ===
			Awards and recognition include:<ref name="Balzan 2005" />
	{{BLP unreferenced section\|date=July 2020}}

	Societies and Academies:		Societies and Academies:
	* Royal Society of London		* Royal Society of London
Line 110:		Line 111:

	===Rosemary Grant===		===Rosemary Grant===
			Awards and recognition include:<ref name="Balzan 2005" />

	Societies and Academies:		Societies and Academies:
	* American Academy of Arts and Sciences		* American Academy of Arts and Sciences
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	==References==		==References==
	{{reflist\|30em}}		{{reflist\|30em}}
	*Education, accolades, joint awards, and publishing were cited from the International Balzan Prize Foundation bibliography (13)

	==External links==		==External links==

Peaceray: /* Books */ Copyedit with full citation for The Beak of the Finch

2024-07-27T19:02:11Z

Books: Copyedit with full citation for The Beak of the Finch

← Previous revision		Revision as of 19:02, 27 July 2024
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	* {{cite book \|last=Grant \|first=B. Rosemary \|title=One Step Sideways, Three Steps Forward: One Woman's Path to Becoming a Biologist \|publisher=Princeton University Press \|publication-place=Princeton, New Jersey \|year=2024 \|isbn=978-0-691-26069-3 \|oclc=1437724652 \|doi=10.2307/jj.9446867 \|jstor=jj.9446867}}		* {{cite book \|last=Grant \|first=B. Rosemary \|title=One Step Sideways, Three Steps Forward: One Woman's Path to Becoming a Biologist \|publisher=Princeton University Press \|publication-place=Princeton, New Jersey \|year=2024 \|isbn=978-0-691-26069-3 \|oclc=1437724652 \|doi=10.2307/jj.9446867 \|jstor=jj.9446867}}

	The Grants were the subject of ~~the book ''[[The Beak of the Finch\|The Beak of the Finch: A Story of Evolution in Our Time]]'' by [[Jonathan Weiner]] (Alfred A. Knopf, 1994), {{ISBN\|0-679-40003-6}}, which won~~ the [[Pulitzer Prize for General Non-Fiction]] in 1995.<ref>{{Cite web \|url=http://www.pulitzer.org/prize-winners-by-year/1995 \|title=1995 Pulitzer Prize Winners \|website=pulitzer.org \|publisher=The Pulitzer Prizes — Columbia University \|access-date=23 August 2017 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170615000950/http://www.pulitzer.org/prize-winners-by-year/1995 \|archive-date=15 June 2017 \|df=dmy-all }}</ref>		The Grants were the subject of the [[Pulitzer Prize for General Non-Fiction]] in 1995:<ref>{{Cite web \|url=http://www.pulitzer.org/prize-winners-by-year/1995 \|title=1995 Pulitzer Prize Winners \|website=pulitzer.org \|publisher=The Pulitzer Prizes — Columbia University \|access-date=23 August 2017 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170615000950/http://www.pulitzer.org/prize-winners-by-year/1995 \|archive-date=15 June 2017 \|df=dmy-all }}</ref> {{cite book \|last=Weiner \|author-link=Jonathan Weiner \|first=Jonathan \|title=The Beak of the Finch: A Story of Evolution in Our Time \|title-link=The Beak of the Finch \|publisher=Knopf : Distributed by Random House \|publication-place=New York \|year=1994 \|isbn=978-1-101-87296-3 \|oclc=971624928}}

	==References==		==References==

Peaceray: /* Books */ Upgraded three citations to {{cite book}} template & added parameters to those three & a fourth

2024-07-27T18:50:10Z

Books: Upgraded three citations to {{cite book}} template & added parameters to those three & a fourth

← Previous revision		Revision as of 18:50, 27 July 2024
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	==Books==		==Books==
	* ''Evolutionary Dynamics of a Natural Population: Large Cactus Finch of the ~~Galapagos''~~ ~~– Rosemary & Peter Grant – (~~University of Chicago Press, 1989) ~~{{ISBN~~\|978-0-226-30590-5}} ~~(Received~~ ~~the~~ ~~Wildlife~~ ~~Publication~~ ~~Award, Wildlife Society, 1991)~~		* {{cite book \|last=Grant \|first=B. Rosemary \|last2=Grant \|first2=Peter R. \|title=Evolutionary Dynamics of a Natural Population: Large Cactus Finch of the Galápagos \|publisher=University of Chicago Press \|publication-place=Chicago \|year=1989 \|isbn=978-0-226-30590-5 \|oclc=1149015572 \|url=https://archive.org/details/evolutionarydyna0000gran \|url-access=registration \|via=Internet Archive}}
	* ''How and Why Species Multiply: The Radiation of ~~Darwin’s~~ Finches'' ~~– Peter & Rosemary Grant – (~~Princeton University Press, ~~2008/2011)~~ ~~{{ISBN~~\|978-0-691-~~14999~~-8}}		* {{cite book \|last=Grant \|first=Peter R. \|last2=Grant \|first2=B. Rosemary \|title=How and Why Species Multiply: The Radiation of Darwin's Finches \|publisher=Princeton University Press \|publication-place=Princeton \|year=2007 \|isbn=978-0-691-13360-7 \|oclc=474218839 \|doi=10.1515/9781400837946 \|jstor=j.ctvx5wc23}}
	* ''40 Years of Evolution: Darwin's Finches on Daphne Major Island'' ~~– Peter & Rosemary Grant – (~~Princeton University Press,2014) ~~{{ISBN~~\|978-0-~~691~~-~~16046~~-7}}		* {{cite book \|last=Grant \|first=Peter R. \|last2=Grant \|first2=B. Rosemary \|title=40 Years of Evolution: Darwin's Finches on Daphne Major Island \|publisher=Princeton University Press \|publication-place=Princeton, NJ \|year=2014 \|isbn=978-1-4008-5130-0 \|oclc=870597475 \|jstor=j.ctt5hhncc}}
	* {{cite book \| last=Grant \| first=B. Rosemary \| title=One Step Sideways, Three Steps Forward \| publisher=Princeton University Press \| ~~date~~=2024~~-06-04~~ \| isbn=978-0-691-~~26059~~-4}}		* {{cite book \|last=Grant \|first=B. Rosemary \|title=One Step Sideways, Three Steps Forward: One Woman's Path to Becoming a Biologist \|publisher=Princeton University Press \|publication-place=Princeton, New Jersey \|year=2024 \|isbn=978-0-691-26069-3 \|oclc=1437724652 \|doi=10.2307/jj.9446867 \|jstor=jj.9446867}}

	The Grants were the subject of the book ''[[The Beak of the Finch\|The Beak of the Finch: A Story of Evolution in Our Time]]'' by [[Jonathan Weiner]] (Alfred A. Knopf, 1994), {{ISBN\|0-679-40003-6}}, which won the [[Pulitzer Prize for General Non-Fiction]] in 1995.<ref>{{Cite web \|url=http://www.pulitzer.org/prize-winners-by-year/1995 \|title=1995 Pulitzer Prize Winners \|website=pulitzer.org \|publisher=The Pulitzer Prizes — Columbia University \|access-date=23 August 2017 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170615000950/http://www.pulitzer.org/prize-winners-by-year/1995 \|archive-date=15 June 2017 \|df=dmy-all }}</ref>		The Grants were the subject of the book ''[[The Beak of the Finch\|The Beak of the Finch: A Story of Evolution in Our Time]]'' by [[Jonathan Weiner]] (Alfred A. Knopf, 1994), {{ISBN\|0-679-40003-6}}, which won the [[Pulitzer Prize for General Non-Fiction]] in 1995.<ref>{{Cite web \|url=http://www.pulitzer.org/prize-winners-by-year/1995 \|title=1995 Pulitzer Prize Winners \|website=pulitzer.org \|publisher=The Pulitzer Prizes — Columbia University \|access-date=23 August 2017 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170615000950/http://www.pulitzer.org/prize-winners-by-year/1995 \|archive-date=15 June 2017 \|df=dmy-all }}</ref>

Turtlens: /* Books */

2024-07-01T03:52:55Z

Books

← Previous revision		Revision as of 03:52, 1 July 2024
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	* ''How and Why Species Multiply: The Radiation of Darwin’s Finches'' – Peter & Rosemary Grant – (Princeton University Press, 2008/2011) {{ISBN\|978-0-691-14999-8}}		* ''How and Why Species Multiply: The Radiation of Darwin’s Finches'' – Peter & Rosemary Grant – (Princeton University Press, 2008/2011) {{ISBN\|978-0-691-14999-8}}
	* ''40 Years of Evolution: Darwin's Finches on Daphne Major Island'' – Peter & Rosemary Grant – (Princeton University Press,2014) {{ISBN\|978-0-691-16046-7}}		* ''40 Years of Evolution: Darwin's Finches on Daphne Major Island'' – Peter & Rosemary Grant – (Princeton University Press,2014) {{ISBN\|978-0-691-16046-7}}
			* {{cite book \| last=Grant \| first=B. Rosemary \| title=One Step Sideways, Three Steps Forward \| publisher=Princeton University Press \| date=2024-06-04 \| isbn=978-0-691-26059-4}}

	The Grants were the subject of the book ''[[The Beak of the Finch\|The Beak of the Finch: A Story of Evolution in Our Time]]'' by [[Jonathan Weiner]] (Alfred A. Knopf, 1994), {{ISBN\|0-679-40003-6}}, which won the [[Pulitzer Prize for General Non-Fiction]] in 1995.<ref>{{Cite web \|url=http://www.pulitzer.org/prize-winners-by-year/1995 \|title=1995 Pulitzer Prize Winners \|website=pulitzer.org \|publisher=The Pulitzer Prizes — Columbia University \|access-date=23 August 2017 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170615000950/http://www.pulitzer.org/prize-winners-by-year/1995 \|archive-date=15 June 2017 \|df=dmy-all }}</ref>		The Grants were the subject of the book ''[[The Beak of the Finch\|The Beak of the Finch: A Story of Evolution in Our Time]]'' by [[Jonathan Weiner]] (Alfred A. Knopf, 1994), {{ISBN\|0-679-40003-6}}, which won the [[Pulitzer Prize for General Non-Fiction]] in 1995.<ref>{{Cite web \|url=http://www.pulitzer.org/prize-winners-by-year/1995 \|title=1995 Pulitzer Prize Winners \|website=pulitzer.org \|publisher=The Pulitzer Prizes — Columbia University \|access-date=23 August 2017 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170615000950/http://www.pulitzer.org/prize-winners-by-year/1995 \|archive-date=15 June 2017 \|df=dmy-all }}</ref>

INS Pirat: added Category:Presidents of the American Society of Naturalists using HotCat

2024-01-31T16:46:31Z

added Category:Presidents of the American Society of Naturalists using HotCat

← Previous revision		Revision as of 16:46, 31 January 2024
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	[[Category:Foreign associates of the National Academy of Sciences]]		[[Category:Foreign associates of the National Academy of Sciences]]
	[[Category:Female Fellows of the Royal Society]]		[[Category:Female Fellows of the Royal Society]]
			[[Category:Presidents of the American Society of Naturalists]]

	[[de:Peter Raymond Grant]]		[[de:Peter Raymond Grant]]

← Previous revision		Revision as of 07:25, 12 November 2024
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	* {{cite book \|last1=Grant \|first1=Peter R. \|last2=Grant \|first2=B. Rosemary \|title=How and Why Species Multiply: The Radiation of Darwin's Finches \|publisher=Princeton University Press \|publication-place=Princeton \|year=2007 \|isbn=978-0-691-13360-7 \|oclc=474218839 \|doi=10.1515/9781400837946 \|jstor=j.ctvx5wc23}}		* {{cite book \|last1=Grant \|first1=Peter R. \|last2=Grant \|first2=B. Rosemary \|title=How and Why Species Multiply: The Radiation of Darwin's Finches \|publisher=Princeton University Press \|publication-place=Princeton \|year=2007 \|isbn=978-0-691-13360-7 \|oclc=474218839 \|doi=10.1515/9781400837946 \|jstor=j.ctvx5wc23}}
	* {{cite book \|last1=Grant \|first1=Peter R. \|last2=Grant \|first2=B. Rosemary \|title=40 Years of Evolution: Darwin's Finches on Daphne Major Island \|publisher=Princeton University Press \|publication-place=Princeton, NJ \|year=2014 \|isbn=978-1-4008-5130-0 \|oclc=870597475 \|jstor=j.ctt5hhncc}}		* {{cite book \|last1=Grant \|first1=Peter R. \|last2=Grant \|first2=B. Rosemary \|title=40 Years of Evolution: Darwin's Finches on Daphne Major Island \|publisher=Princeton University Press \|publication-place=Princeton, NJ \|year=2014 \|isbn=978-1-4008-5130-0 \|oclc=870597475 \|jstor=j.ctt5hhncc}}
			* Grant, Peter R (2023). ''Enchanted by Daphne: The Life of an Evolutionary Naturalist''. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. [[Special:BookSources/9780691246246\|ISBN 978-0-6912-4624-6]]
	* {{cite book \|last=Grant \|first=B. Rosemary \|title=One Step Sideways, Three Steps Forward: One Woman's Path to Becoming a Biologist \|publisher=Princeton University Press \|publication-place=Princeton, New Jersey \|year=2024 \|isbn=978-0-691-26069-3 \|oclc=1437724652 \|doi=10.2307/jj.9446867 \|jstor=jj.9446867}}		* {{cite book \|last=Grant \|first=B. Rosemary \|title=One Step Sideways, Three Steps Forward: One Woman's Path to Becoming a Biologist \|publisher=Princeton University Press \|publication-place=Princeton, New Jersey \|year=2024 \|isbn=978-0-691-26069-3 \|oclc=1437724652 \|doi=10.2307/jj.9446867 \|jstor=jj.9446867}}

← Previous revision		Revision as of 03:50, 11 November 2024
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	'''Peter Raymond Grant''' {{postnominals\|country=GBR\|FRS}} {{postnominals\|country=CAN\|FRSC}} (born October 26, 1936) and '''Barbara Rosemary Grant''' {{postnominals\|country=GBR\|FRS}} {{postnominals\|country=CAN\|FRSC}} (born October 8, 1936) are a British married couple who are [[Evolutionary biology\|evolutionary biologists]] at [[Princeton University]]. Each currently holds the position of [[emeritus]] professor. They are known for their work with [[Darwin's finches]] on [[Daphne Major]], one of the [[Galápagos Islands]]. Since 1973, the Grants have spent six months of every year capturing, tagging, and taking blood samples from finches on the island. They have worked to show that [[natural selection]] can be seen within a single lifetime, or even within a couple of years. [[Charles Darwin]] originally thought that natural selection was a long, drawn out process but the Grants have shown that these changes in populations can happen very quickly.		'''Peter Raymond Grant''' {{postnominals\|country=GBR\|FRS}} {{postnominals\|country=CAN\|FRSC}} (born October 26, 1936) and '''Barbara Rosemary Grant''' {{postnominals\|country=GBR\|FRS}} {{postnominals\|country=CAN\|FRSC}} (born October 8, 1936) are a British married couple who are [[Evolutionary biology\|evolutionary biologists]] at [[Princeton University]]. Each currently holds the position of [[emeritus]] professor. They are known for their work with [[Darwin's finches]] on [[Daphne Major]], one of the [[Galápagos Islands]]. Since 1973, the Grants have spent six months of every year capturing, tagging, and taking blood samples from finches on the island. They have worked to show that [[natural selection]] can be seen within a single lifetime, or even within a couple of years. [[Charles Darwin]] originally thought that natural selection was a long, drawn out process but the Grants have shown that these changes in populations can happen very quickly.

	In 1994, they were awarded the [[Leidy Award]] from the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.<ref name="PANSP">{{cite journal\|date=June 2007\|title=The Four Awards Bestowed by The Academy of Natural Sciences and Their Recipients\|journal=Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia\|volume=156 \|issue=1 \|pages=403–404 \|doi=10.1635/0097-3157(2007)156[403:TFABBT]2.0.CO;2 \|s2cid=198160356 }}</ref> The Grants were the subject of the book ''[[The Beak of the Finch\|The Beak of the Finch: A Story of Evolution in Our Time]]'' by [[Jonathan Weiner]], which won the [[Pulitzer Prize for General ~~Non-Fiction~~]] in 1995.		In 1994, they were awarded the [[Leidy Award]] from the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.<ref name="PANSP">{{cite journal\|date=June 2007\|title=The Four Awards Bestowed by The Academy of Natural Sciences and Their Recipients\|journal=Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia\|volume=156 \|issue=1 \|pages=403–404 \|doi=10.1635/0097-3157(2007)156[403:TFABBT]2.0.CO;2 \|s2cid=198160356 }}</ref> The Grants were the subject of the book ''[[The Beak of the Finch\|The Beak of the Finch: A Story of Evolution in Our Time]]'' by [[Jonathan Weiner]], which won the [[Pulitzer Prize for General Nonfiction]] in 1995.

	In 2003, the Grants were joint recipients of the [[Loye and Alden Miller Research Award]]. They won the 2005 [[Balzan Prize]] for Population Biology.<ref name="Balzan 2005">{{cite web \| title=Peter e Rosemary Grant: 2005 Balzan Prize for Population Biology \| website=Fondazione Internazionale Premio Balzan \| date=2024-01-15 \| url=https://www.balzan.org/en/prizewinners/peter-and-rosemary-grant \| access-date=2024-07-27}}</ref> The Balzan Prize citation states:		In 2003, the Grants were joint recipients of the [[Loye and Alden Miller Research Award]]. They won the 2005 [[Balzan Prize]] for Population Biology.<ref name="Balzan 2005">{{cite web \| title=Peter e Rosemary Grant: 2005 Balzan Prize for Population Biology \| website=Fondazione Internazionale Premio Balzan \| date=2024-01-15 \| url=https://www.balzan.org/en/prizewinners/peter-and-rosemary-grant \| access-date=2024-07-27}}</ref> The Balzan Prize citation states:
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	* {{cite book \|last=Grant \|first=B. Rosemary \|title=One Step Sideways, Three Steps Forward: One Woman's Path to Becoming a Biologist \|publisher=Princeton University Press \|publication-place=Princeton, New Jersey \|year=2024 \|isbn=978-0-691-26069-3 \|oclc=1437724652 \|doi=10.2307/jj.9446867 \|jstor=jj.9446867}}		* {{cite book \|last=Grant \|first=B. Rosemary \|title=One Step Sideways, Three Steps Forward: One Woman's Path to Becoming a Biologist \|publisher=Princeton University Press \|publication-place=Princeton, New Jersey \|year=2024 \|isbn=978-0-691-26069-3 \|oclc=1437724652 \|doi=10.2307/jj.9446867 \|jstor=jj.9446867}}

	The Grants were the subject of the [[Pulitzer Prize for General ~~Non-Fiction~~]] in 1995:<ref>{{Cite web \|url=http://www.pulitzer.org/prize-winners-by-year/1995 \|title=1995 Pulitzer Prize Winners \|website=pulitzer.org \|publisher=The Pulitzer Prizes — Columbia University \|access-date=23 August 2017 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170615000950/http://www.pulitzer.org/prize-winners-by-year/1995 \|archive-date=15 June 2017 \|df=dmy-all }}</ref> {{cite book \|last=Weiner \|author-link=Jonathan Weiner \|first=Jonathan \|title=The Beak of the Finch: A Story of Evolution in Our Time \|title-link=The Beak of the Finch \|publisher=Knopf : Distributed by Random House \|publication-place=New York \|year=1994 \|isbn=978-1-101-87296-3 \|oclc=971624928}}		The Grants were the subject of the [[Pulitzer Prize for General Nonfiction]] in 1995:<ref>{{Cite web \|url=http://www.pulitzer.org/prize-winners-by-year/1995 \|title=1995 Pulitzer Prize Winners \|website=pulitzer.org \|publisher=The Pulitzer Prizes — Columbia University \|access-date=23 August 2017 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170615000950/http://www.pulitzer.org/prize-winners-by-year/1995 \|archive-date=15 June 2017 \|df=dmy-all }}</ref> {{cite book \|last=Weiner \|author-link=Jonathan Weiner \|first=Jonathan \|title=The Beak of the Finch: A Story of Evolution in Our Time \|title-link=The Beak of the Finch \|publisher=Knopf : Distributed by Random House \|publication-place=New York \|year=1994 \|isbn=978-1-101-87296-3 \|oclc=971624928}}

	==References==		==References==

← Previous revision		Revision as of 14:48, 30 August 2024
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	Big Bird was originally assumed to be an immigrant from the [[Santa Cruz Island (Galápagos)\|island of Santa Cruz]]. However, in 2015, whole genome analysis linked its descent to a bird that originated on [[Española Island]], more than 100 kilometers from Daphne Major, the [[Española cactus finch]] (''G. conirostris'').		Big Bird was originally assumed to be an immigrant from the [[Santa Cruz Island (Galápagos)\|island of Santa Cruz]]. However, in 2015, whole genome analysis linked its descent to a bird that originated on [[Española Island]], more than 100 kilometers from Daphne Major, the [[Española cactus finch]] (''G. conirostris'').
	Descendants of ''G. conirostris'' and local finches (''[[G. fortis]]'') have become a distinct species, the first example of [[speciation]] to be directly observed by scientists in the field.<ref name="Galloway">{{cite news \|last1=Galloway \|first1=Rory \|title=Galapagos finches caught in act of becoming new species \|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-42103058 \|access-date=14 February 2022 \|work=BBC News \|date=23 November 2017}}</ref>		Descendants of ''G. conirostris'' and local finches (''[[G. fortis]]'') have become a distinct species, the first example of [[speciation]] to be directly observed by scientists in the field.<ref name="Galloway">{{cite news \|last1=Galloway \|first1=Rory \|title=Galapagos finches caught in act of becoming new species \|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-42103058 \|access-date=14 February 2022 \|work=BBC News \|date=23 November 2017}}</ref>
	Whole genome studies have enabled scientists to trace changes in the genome as the species became distinct. Genes for beak shape (ALX1) and beak size (HMGA2) have been determined to be crucial in separating the hybridized species from local finches. Genes relating to the finches' song may also be involved.<ref name="Holmes"/><ref name="Lamichhaney">{{cite journal \|last1=Lamichhaney \|first1=Sangeet \|last2=Han \|first2=Fan \|last3=Webster \|first3=Matthew T. \|last4=Andersson \|first4=Leif \|last5=Grant \|first5=B. Rosemary \|last6=Grant \|first6=Peter R. \|title=Rapid hybrid speciation in Darwin's finches \|journal=Science \|date=12 January 2018 \|volume=359 \|issue=6372 \|pages=224–228 \|doi=10.1126/science.aao4593 \|pmid=29170277 \|bibcode=2018Sci...359..224L \|s2cid=206663426 ~~\|url=https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aao4593 \|access-date=14 February 2022~~ \|language=EN\|doi-access=free }}</ref>		Whole genome studies have enabled scientists to trace changes in the genome as the species became distinct. Genes for beak shape (ALX1) and beak size (HMGA2) have been determined to be crucial in separating the hybridized species from local finches. Genes relating to the finches' song may also be involved.<ref name="Holmes"/><ref name="Lamichhaney">{{cite journal \|last1=Lamichhaney \|first1=Sangeet \|last2=Han \|first2=Fan \|last3=Webster \|first3=Matthew T. \|last4=Andersson \|first4=Leif \|last5=Grant \|first5=B. Rosemary \|last6=Grant \|first6=Peter R. \|title=Rapid hybrid speciation in Darwin's finches \|journal=Science \|date=12 January 2018 \|volume=359 \|issue=6372 \|pages=224–228 \|doi=10.1126/science.aao4593 \|pmid=29170277 \|bibcode=2018Sci...359..224L \|s2cid=206663426 \|language=EN\|doi-access=free }}</ref>

	Over the course of 1982–1983, [[El Niño]] brought a steady eight months of rain. In a normal rainy season Daphne Major usually gets two months of rain.<ref name=bell6>{{cite journal \|last1=Bell \|first1=G. \|title=Every inch a finch: a commentary on Grant (1993) 'Hybridization of Darwin's finches on Isla Daphne Major, Galapagos' \|journal=Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences \|date=2015 \|volume=370 \|issue=1666 \|pages=20140287 \|doi=10.1098/rstb.2014.0287 \|pmid=25750230 \|pmc=4360115}}</ref> The excessive rain brought a turnover in the types of vegetation growing on the island. The seeds shifted from large, hard to crack seeds to many different types of small, softer seeds. This gave birds with smaller beaks an advantage when another drought hit the following year.<ref name=bell6 /> Small-beaked finch could eat all of the small seeds faster than the larger beaked birds could get to them.		Over the course of 1982–1983, [[El Niño]] brought a steady eight months of rain. In a normal rainy season Daphne Major usually gets two months of rain.<ref name=bell6>{{cite journal \|last1=Bell \|first1=G. \|title=Every inch a finch: a commentary on Grant (1993) 'Hybridization of Darwin's finches on Isla Daphne Major, Galapagos' \|journal=Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences \|date=2015 \|volume=370 \|issue=1666 \|pages=20140287 \|doi=10.1098/rstb.2014.0287 \|pmid=25750230 \|pmc=4360115}}</ref> The excessive rain brought a turnover in the types of vegetation growing on the island. The seeds shifted from large, hard to crack seeds to many different types of small, softer seeds. This gave birds with smaller beaks an advantage when another drought hit the following year.<ref name=bell6 /> Small-beaked finch could eat all of the small seeds faster than the larger beaked birds could get to them.
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	==Books==		==Books==
	* {{cite book \|~~last~~=Grant \|~~first~~=B. Rosemary \|last2=Grant \|first2=Peter R. \|title=Evolutionary Dynamics of a Natural Population: Large Cactus Finch of the Galápagos \|publisher=University of Chicago Press \|publication-place=Chicago \|year=1989 \|isbn=978-0-226-30590-5 \|oclc=1149015572 \|url=https://archive.org/details/evolutionarydyna0000gran \|url-access=registration \|via=Internet Archive}}		* {{cite book \|last1=Grant \|first1=B. Rosemary \|last2=Grant \|first2=Peter R. \|title=Evolutionary Dynamics of a Natural Population: Large Cactus Finch of the Galápagos \|publisher=University of Chicago Press \|publication-place=Chicago \|year=1989 \|isbn=978-0-226-30590-5 \|oclc=1149015572 \|url=https://archive.org/details/evolutionarydyna0000gran \|url-access=registration \|via=Internet Archive}}
	* {{cite book \|~~last~~=Grant \|~~first~~=Peter R. \|last2=Grant \|first2=B. Rosemary \|title=How and Why Species Multiply: The Radiation of Darwin's Finches \|publisher=Princeton University Press \|publication-place=Princeton \|year=2007 \|isbn=978-0-691-13360-7 \|oclc=474218839 \|doi=10.1515/9781400837946 \|jstor=j.ctvx5wc23}}		* {{cite book \|last1=Grant \|first1=Peter R. \|last2=Grant \|first2=B. Rosemary \|title=How and Why Species Multiply: The Radiation of Darwin's Finches \|publisher=Princeton University Press \|publication-place=Princeton \|year=2007 \|isbn=978-0-691-13360-7 \|oclc=474218839 \|doi=10.1515/9781400837946 \|jstor=j.ctvx5wc23}}
	* {{cite book \|~~last~~=Grant \|~~first~~=Peter R. \|last2=Grant \|first2=B. Rosemary \|title=40 Years of Evolution: Darwin's Finches on Daphne Major Island \|publisher=Princeton University Press \|publication-place=Princeton, NJ \|year=2014 \|isbn=978-1-4008-5130-0 \|oclc=870597475 \|jstor=j.ctt5hhncc}}		* {{cite book \|last1=Grant \|first1=Peter R. \|last2=Grant \|first2=B. Rosemary \|title=40 Years of Evolution: Darwin's Finches on Daphne Major Island \|publisher=Princeton University Press \|publication-place=Princeton, NJ \|year=2014 \|isbn=978-1-4008-5130-0 \|oclc=870597475 \|jstor=j.ctt5hhncc}}
	* {{cite book \|last=Grant \|first=B. Rosemary \|title=One Step Sideways, Three Steps Forward: One Woman's Path to Becoming a Biologist \|publisher=Princeton University Press \|publication-place=Princeton, New Jersey \|year=2024 \|isbn=978-0-691-26069-3 \|oclc=1437724652 \|doi=10.2307/jj.9446867 \|jstor=jj.9446867}}		* {{cite book \|last=Grant \|first=B. Rosemary \|title=One Step Sideways, Three Steps Forward: One Woman's Path to Becoming a Biologist \|publisher=Princeton University Press \|publication-place=Princeton, New Jersey \|year=2024 \|isbn=978-0-691-26069-3 \|oclc=1437724652 \|doi=10.2307/jj.9446867 \|jstor=jj.9446867}}

← Previous revision		Revision as of 18:50, 27 July 2024
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	==Books==		==Books==
	* ''Evolutionary Dynamics of a Natural Population: Large Cactus Finch of the ~~Galapagos''~~ ~~– Rosemary & Peter Grant – (~~University of Chicago Press, 1989) ~~{{ISBN~~\|978-0-226-30590-5}} ~~(Received~~ ~~the~~ ~~Wildlife~~ ~~Publication~~ ~~Award, Wildlife Society, 1991)~~		* {{cite book \|last=Grant \|first=B. Rosemary \|last2=Grant \|first2=Peter R. \|title=Evolutionary Dynamics of a Natural Population: Large Cactus Finch of the Galápagos \|publisher=University of Chicago Press \|publication-place=Chicago \|year=1989 \|isbn=978-0-226-30590-5 \|oclc=1149015572 \|url=https://archive.org/details/evolutionarydyna0000gran \|url-access=registration \|via=Internet Archive}}
	* ''How and Why Species Multiply: The Radiation of ~~Darwin’s~~ Finches'' ~~– Peter & Rosemary Grant – (~~Princeton University Press, ~~2008/2011)~~ ~~{{ISBN~~\|978-0-691-~~14999~~-8}}		* {{cite book \|last=Grant \|first=Peter R. \|last2=Grant \|first2=B. Rosemary \|title=How and Why Species Multiply: The Radiation of Darwin's Finches \|publisher=Princeton University Press \|publication-place=Princeton \|year=2007 \|isbn=978-0-691-13360-7 \|oclc=474218839 \|doi=10.1515/9781400837946 \|jstor=j.ctvx5wc23}}
	* ''40 Years of Evolution: Darwin's Finches on Daphne Major Island'' ~~– Peter & Rosemary Grant – (~~Princeton University Press,2014) ~~{{ISBN~~\|978-0-~~691~~-~~16046~~-7}}		* {{cite book \|last=Grant \|first=Peter R. \|last2=Grant \|first2=B. Rosemary \|title=40 Years of Evolution: Darwin's Finches on Daphne Major Island \|publisher=Princeton University Press \|publication-place=Princeton, NJ \|year=2014 \|isbn=978-1-4008-5130-0 \|oclc=870597475 \|jstor=j.ctt5hhncc}}
	* {{cite book \| last=Grant \| first=B. Rosemary \| title=One Step Sideways, Three Steps Forward \| publisher=Princeton University Press \| ~~date~~=2024~~-06-04~~ \| isbn=978-0-691-~~26059~~-4}}		* {{cite book \|last=Grant \|first=B. Rosemary \|title=One Step Sideways, Three Steps Forward: One Woman's Path to Becoming a Biologist \|publisher=Princeton University Press \|publication-place=Princeton, New Jersey \|year=2024 \|isbn=978-0-691-26069-3 \|oclc=1437724652 \|doi=10.2307/jj.9446867 \|jstor=jj.9446867}}

	The Grants were the subject of the book ''[[The Beak of the Finch\|The Beak of the Finch: A Story of Evolution in Our Time]]'' by [[Jonathan Weiner]] (Alfred A. Knopf, 1994), {{ISBN\|0-679-40003-6}}, which won the [[Pulitzer Prize for General Non-Fiction]] in 1995.<ref>{{Cite web \|url=http://www.pulitzer.org/prize-winners-by-year/1995 \|title=1995 Pulitzer Prize Winners \|website=pulitzer.org \|publisher=The Pulitzer Prizes — Columbia University \|access-date=23 August 2017 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170615000950/http://www.pulitzer.org/prize-winners-by-year/1995 \|archive-date=15 June 2017 \|df=dmy-all }}</ref>		The Grants were the subject of the book ''[[The Beak of the Finch\|The Beak of the Finch: A Story of Evolution in Our Time]]'' by [[Jonathan Weiner]] (Alfred A. Knopf, 1994), {{ISBN\|0-679-40003-6}}, which won the [[Pulitzer Prize for General Non-Fiction]] in 1995.<ref>{{Cite web \|url=http://www.pulitzer.org/prize-winners-by-year/1995 \|title=1995 Pulitzer Prize Winners \|website=pulitzer.org \|publisher=The Pulitzer Prizes — Columbia University \|access-date=23 August 2017 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170615000950/http://www.pulitzer.org/prize-winners-by-year/1995 \|archive-date=15 June 2017 \|df=dmy-all }}</ref>

← Previous revision		Revision as of 03:52, 1 July 2024
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	* ''How and Why Species Multiply: The Radiation of Darwin’s Finches'' – Peter & Rosemary Grant – (Princeton University Press, 2008/2011) {{ISBN\|978-0-691-14999-8}}		* ''How and Why Species Multiply: The Radiation of Darwin’s Finches'' – Peter & Rosemary Grant – (Princeton University Press, 2008/2011) {{ISBN\|978-0-691-14999-8}}
	* ''40 Years of Evolution: Darwin's Finches on Daphne Major Island'' – Peter & Rosemary Grant – (Princeton University Press,2014) {{ISBN\|978-0-691-16046-7}}		* ''40 Years of Evolution: Darwin's Finches on Daphne Major Island'' – Peter & Rosemary Grant – (Princeton University Press,2014) {{ISBN\|978-0-691-16046-7}}
			* {{cite book \| last=Grant \| first=B. Rosemary \| title=One Step Sideways, Three Steps Forward \| publisher=Princeton University Press \| date=2024-06-04 \| isbn=978-0-691-26059-4}}

	The Grants were the subject of the book ''[[The Beak of the Finch\|The Beak of the Finch: A Story of Evolution in Our Time]]'' by [[Jonathan Weiner]] (Alfred A. Knopf, 1994), {{ISBN\|0-679-40003-6}}, which won the [[Pulitzer Prize for General Non-Fiction]] in 1995.<ref>{{Cite web \|url=http://www.pulitzer.org/prize-winners-by-year/1995 \|title=1995 Pulitzer Prize Winners \|website=pulitzer.org \|publisher=The Pulitzer Prizes — Columbia University \|access-date=23 August 2017 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170615000950/http://www.pulitzer.org/prize-winners-by-year/1995 \|archive-date=15 June 2017 \|df=dmy-all }}</ref>		The Grants were the subject of the book ''[[The Beak of the Finch\|The Beak of the Finch: A Story of Evolution in Our Time]]'' by [[Jonathan Weiner]] (Alfred A. Knopf, 1994), {{ISBN\|0-679-40003-6}}, which won the [[Pulitzer Prize for General Non-Fiction]] in 1995.<ref>{{Cite web \|url=http://www.pulitzer.org/prize-winners-by-year/1995 \|title=1995 Pulitzer Prize Winners \|website=pulitzer.org \|publisher=The Pulitzer Prizes — Columbia University \|access-date=23 August 2017 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170615000950/http://www.pulitzer.org/prize-winners-by-year/1995 \|archive-date=15 June 2017 \|df=dmy-all }}</ref>