Robert Walser - Revision history

Jevansen: Moving from Category:20th-century male writers to Category:20th-century Swiss male writers using Cat-a-lot

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Moving from Category:20th-century male writers to Category:20th-century Swiss male writers using Cat-a-lot

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	[[Category:Swiss male writers]]		[[Category:Swiss male writers]]
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	[[Category:Swiss people with disabilities]]		[[Category:Swiss people with disabilities]]

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Writings and reception

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	Walser was admired early on by Kafka and writers such as [[Hermann Hesse]], [[Stefan Zweig]], and [[Walter Benjamin]],<ref>{{cite web\|last=Scrima\|first=Andrea\|title=The Walk by Robert Walser\|date=23 July 2012\|url=http://therumpus.net/2012/07/the-walk-by-robert-walser/\|website=The Rumpus\|access-date=2 March 2014}}</ref> and was in fact better known during his lifetime than Kafka or Benjamin were known in theirs.<ref name=Sebald>{{cite book\|author-last=Sebald\|author-first=W. G.\|translator-last=Catling\|translator-first=Jo\|title=A Place in the Country\|chapter=''Le Promeneur Solitaire'': A Remembrance of Robert Walser \|date=2014\|publisher=New Directions\|isbn=978-1-40006-771-8}}</ref> He never belonged to a literary school or group, perhaps with the exception of the circle around the magazine ''Die Insel'' in his youth, but was a notable and often published writer before World War I and into the 1920s. After the second half of the latter decade, he was rapidly forgotten, in spite of Carl Seelig's editions, which appeared almost exclusively in Switzerland but received little attention.		Walser was admired early on by Kafka and writers such as [[Hermann Hesse]], [[Stefan Zweig]], and [[Walter Benjamin]],<ref>{{cite web\|last=Scrima\|first=Andrea\|title=The Walk by Robert Walser\|date=23 July 2012\|url=http://therumpus.net/2012/07/the-walk-by-robert-walser/\|website=The Rumpus\|access-date=2 March 2014}}</ref> and was in fact better known during his lifetime than Kafka or Benjamin were known in theirs.<ref name=Sebald>{{cite book\|author-last=Sebald\|author-first=W. G.\|translator-last=Catling\|translator-first=Jo\|title=A Place in the Country\|chapter=''Le Promeneur Solitaire'': A Remembrance of Robert Walser \|date=2014\|publisher=New Directions\|isbn=978-1-40006-771-8}}</ref> He never belonged to a literary school or group, perhaps with the exception of the circle around the magazine ''Die Insel'' in his youth, but was a notable and often published writer before World War I and into the 1920s. After the second half of the latter decade, he was rapidly forgotten, in spite of Carl Seelig's editions, which appeared almost exclusively in Switzerland but received little attention.

	Walser was rediscovered only in the 1970s, even though famous German writers such as [[Christian Morgenstern]], Franz Kafka, Walter Benjamin, [[Thomas Bernhard]] and Hermann Hesse were among his great admirers. Since then, almost all his writings have become accessible through an extensive republication of his entire body of work. He has exerted a considerable influence on various contemporary German writers, including [[Ror Wolf]], [[Peter Handke]], [[W. G. Sebald]], and [[Max Goldt]]. In 1967, Walser's piece 'Kleist in Thun' was published in [[0 to 9 Magazine\|0 to 9 magazine]]. A revival of interest in his work arose when, in the late 20th century and early 2000s, his writings from "the Pencil Zone", also known as ''Bleistiftgebiet'' or "the Microscripts", which had been written in a coded, microscopically tiny hand on scraps of paper collected while in a Waldau sanatorium, were finally deciphered, translated, and published.<ref name="[[Rivka Galchen]]">{{cite news\|last=Galchen\|first=Rivka\|author-link=Rivka Galchen\|title=From the Pencil Zone: Robert Walser's Masterworklets\|newspaper=Harper's Magazine\|date=17 September 2010\|url=http://www.powells.com/review/2010_09_17\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100920154757/http://www.powells.com/review/2010_09_17 \|archive-date=20 September 2010 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news\|last=Kunkel\|first=Benjamin\|author-link=Benjamin Kunkel\|title=Still Small Voice: The Fiction of Robert Walser\|url=http://www.newyorker.com/arts/critics/books/2007/08/06/070806crbo_books_kunkel?currentPage=all\|access-date=2 March 2014\|newspaper=The New Yorker\|date=6 August 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite news\|last=Lerner\|first=Ben\|author-link=Ben Lerner\|title=Robert Walser's Disappearing Acts\|url=http://www.newyorker.com/online/blogs/books/2013/09/robert-walser-disappearing-acts.html\|access-date=2 March 2014\|newspaper=The New Yorker\|date=3 September 2013}}</ref>		Walser was rediscovered only in the 1970s, even though famous German writers such as [[Christian Morgenstern]], Franz Kafka, Walter Benjamin, [[Thomas Bernhard]] and Hermann Hesse were among his great admirers. Since then, almost all his writings have become accessible through an extensive republication of his entire body of work. He has exerted a considerable influence on various contemporary German writers, including [[Ror Wolf]], [[Peter Handke]], [[W. G. Sebald]], and [[Max Goldt]]. In 1967, Walser's piece 'Kleist in Thun' was published in [[0 to 9 Magazine\|0 to 9 magazine]]. A revival of interest in his work arose when, in the late 20th century and early 2000s, his writings from "the Pencil Zone", also known as ''Bleistiftgebiet'' or "the Microscripts", which had been written in a coded, microscopically tiny hand using a form of [[Kurrent]] script on scraps of paper collected while in a Waldau sanatorium, were finally deciphered, translated, and published.<ref name="[[Rivka Galchen]]">{{cite news\|last=Galchen\|first=Rivka\|author-link=Rivka Galchen\|title=From the Pencil Zone: Robert Walser's Masterworklets\|newspaper=Harper's Magazine\|date=17 September 2010\|url=http://www.powells.com/review/2010_09_17\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100920154757/http://www.powells.com/review/2010_09_17 \|archive-date=20 September 2010 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news\|last=Kunkel\|first=Benjamin\|author-link=Benjamin Kunkel\|title=Still Small Voice: The Fiction of Robert Walser\|url=http://www.newyorker.com/arts/critics/books/2007/08/06/070806crbo_books_kunkel?currentPage=all\|access-date=2 March 2014\|newspaper=The New Yorker\|date=6 August 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite news\|last=Lerner\|first=Ben\|author-link=Ben Lerner\|title=Robert Walser's Disappearing Acts\|url=http://www.newyorker.com/online/blogs/books/2013/09/robert-walser-disappearing-acts.html\|access-date=2 March 2014\|newspaper=The New Yorker\|date=3 September 2013}}</ref>

	In 2004, Spanish writer [[Enrique Vila-Matas]] published a novel entitled ''Doctor Pasavento'' about Walser, his stay on Herisau and the wish to disappear. In 2007, [[Serbia]]n writer [[Vojislav V. Jovanović]] published a book of prose named ''Story for Robert Walser'' inspired by the life and work of Robert Walser. In 2012, ''A Little Ramble: In the Spirit of Robert Walser'',<ref>{{Cite book\|title=A Little Ramble: In the Spirit of Robert Walser\|author1-last=Walser\|author1-first=Robert\|publisher=New Directions\|author2-last=Fischli \|author2-first=Peter \|translator-last=Middleton \|translator-first=Christopher\|year=2012\|isbn=978-0-81122-099-6\|location=New York\|oclc=804144951}}</ref> a series of artistic responses to Walser's work was published, including work by [[Moyra Davey]], [[Thomas Schütte]], [[Tacita Dean]] and [[Mark Wallinger]].		In 2004, Spanish writer [[Enrique Vila-Matas]] published a novel entitled ''Doctor Pasavento'' about Walser, his stay on Herisau and the wish to disappear. In 2007, [[Serbia]]n writer [[Vojislav V. Jovanović]] published a book of prose named ''Story for Robert Walser'' inspired by the life and work of Robert Walser. In 2012, ''A Little Ramble: In the Spirit of Robert Walser'',<ref>{{Cite book\|title=A Little Ramble: In the Spirit of Robert Walser\|author1-last=Walser\|author1-first=Robert\|publisher=New Directions\|author2-last=Fischli \|author2-first=Peter \|translator-last=Middleton \|translator-first=Christopher\|year=2012\|isbn=978-0-81122-099-6\|location=New York\|oclc=804144951}}</ref> a series of artistic responses to Walser's work was published, including work by [[Moyra Davey]], [[Thomas Schütte]], [[Tacita Dean]] and [[Mark Wallinger]].

Maurice Magnus: /* In English */ inserted author Wikilinks

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In English: inserted author Wikilinks

Maurice Magnus: The language he wrote in, not the language he spoke, is relevant

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The language he wrote in, not the language he spoke, is relevant

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	'''Robert Walser''' (15 April 1878 – 25 December 1956) was a [[German language~~\|German~~]]~~-speaking~~ [[Swiss people\|Swiss]] writer. He additionally worked as a copyist, an inventor's assistant, a butler, and in various other low-paying trades. Despite marginal early success in his literary career, the popularity of his work gradually diminished over the second and third decades of the 20th century, making it increasingly difficult for him to support himself through writing. He eventually had a nervous breakdown and spent the remainder of his life in sanatoriums.		'''Robert Walser''' (15 April 1878 – 25 December 1956) was a [[German language]] [[Swiss people\|Swiss]] writer. He additionally worked as a copyist, an inventor's assistant, a butler, and in various other low-paying trades. Despite marginal early success in his literary career, the popularity of his work gradually diminished over the second and third decades of the 20th century, making it increasingly difficult for him to support himself through writing. He eventually had a nervous breakdown and spent the remainder of his life in sanatoriums.

	==Life and work==		==Life and work==

AnomieBOT: Dating maintenance tags: {{Cn}}

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Dating maintenance tags: {{Cn}}

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	===1929–1956===		===1929–1956===
	In the beginning of 1929, Walser, who had had anxieties and hallucinations for quite some time, went to the Bernese mental home Waldau, after a mental breakdown, at his sister Fani's urging. In his medical records it says: "The patient confessed hearing voices." Therefore, this can hardly be called a voluntary commitment.{{cn}} He was eventually diagnosed with [[catatonic schizophrenia]].<ref>{{Cite journal\|last1=Partl\|first1=S.\|last2=Pfuhlmann\|first2=B.\|last3=Jabs\|first3=B.\|last4=Stöber\|first4=G.\|date=2011-01-01\|title=["My disease is one of the mind and difficult to define": Robert Walser (1879–1956) and his mental illness]\|journal=Der Nervenarzt\|volume=82\|issue=1\|pages=67–78\|doi=10.1007/s00115-009-2914-y\|issn=1433-0407\|pmid=21274695\|s2cid=23475235}}</ref> While he was in the mental home, his state of mind quickly returned to normal, and he went on writing and publishing. More and more, he used the way of writing he called the "pencil method": he wrote poems and prose in a diminutive [[Sütterlin]] hand, the letters of which measured about a millimeter of height by the end of that very productive phase. Werner Morlang and Bernhard Echte were the first ones who attempted to decipher these writings. In the 1990s, they published a six-volume edition, ''Aus dem Bleistiftgebiet'' ('From the Pencil Zone'). Only when Walser was, against his will, moved to the sanatorium of [[Herisau]] in his home canton of [[Appenzell Ausserrhoden]], did he quit writing, later telling Carl Seelig, "I am not here to write, but to be mad."		In the beginning of 1929, Walser, who had had anxieties and hallucinations for quite some time, went to the Bernese mental home Waldau, after a mental breakdown, at his sister Fani's urging. In his medical records it says: "The patient confessed hearing voices." Therefore, this can hardly be called a voluntary commitment.{{cn\|date=May 2024}} He was eventually diagnosed with [[catatonic schizophrenia]].<ref>{{Cite journal\|last1=Partl\|first1=S.\|last2=Pfuhlmann\|first2=B.\|last3=Jabs\|first3=B.\|last4=Stöber\|first4=G.\|date=2011-01-01\|title=["My disease is one of the mind and difficult to define": Robert Walser (1879–1956) and his mental illness]\|journal=Der Nervenarzt\|volume=82\|issue=1\|pages=67–78\|doi=10.1007/s00115-009-2914-y\|issn=1433-0407\|pmid=21274695\|s2cid=23475235}}</ref> While he was in the mental home, his state of mind quickly returned to normal, and he went on writing and publishing. More and more, he used the way of writing he called the "pencil method": he wrote poems and prose in a diminutive [[Sütterlin]] hand, the letters of which measured about a millimeter of height by the end of that very productive phase. Werner Morlang and Bernhard Echte were the first ones who attempted to decipher these writings. In the 1990s, they published a six-volume edition, ''Aus dem Bleistiftgebiet'' ('From the Pencil Zone'). Only when Walser was, against his will, moved to the sanatorium of [[Herisau]] in his home canton of [[Appenzell Ausserrhoden]], did he quit writing, later telling Carl Seelig, "I am not here to write, but to be mad."

	In 1936, his admirer [[Carl Seelig]] began to visit him. He later wrote a book, ''Wanderungen mit Robert Walser'', about their talks. Seelig tried to revive interest in Walser's work by re-issuing some of his writings. After the death of Walser's brother Karl in 1943 and of his sister Lisa in 1944, Seelig became Walser's legal guardian. Though free of outward signs of mental illness for a long time, Walser was crotchety and repeatedly refused to leave the sanatorium.		In 1936, his admirer [[Carl Seelig]] began to visit him. He later wrote a book, ''Wanderungen mit Robert Walser'', about their talks. Seelig tried to revive interest in Walser's work by re-issuing some of his writings. After the death of Walser's brother Karl in 1943 and of his sister Lisa in 1944, Seelig became Walser's legal guardian. Though free of outward signs of mental illness for a long time, Walser was crotchety and repeatedly refused to leave the sanatorium.

The Gnome: /* 1929–1956 */ cn tagged, possible personal input

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1929–1956: cn tagged, possible personal input

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	===1929–1956===		===1929–1956===
	In the beginning of 1929, Walser, who had had anxieties and hallucinations for quite some time, went to the Bernese mental home Waldau, after a mental breakdown, at his sister Fani's urging. In his medical records it says: "The patient confessed hearing voices." Therefore, this can hardly be called a voluntary commitment. He was eventually diagnosed with [[catatonic schizophrenia]].<ref>{{Cite journal\|last1=Partl\|first1=S.\|last2=Pfuhlmann\|first2=B.\|last3=Jabs\|first3=B.\|last4=Stöber\|first4=G.\|date=2011-01-01\|title=["My disease is one of the mind and difficult to define": Robert Walser (1879–1956) and his mental illness]\|journal=Der Nervenarzt\|volume=82\|issue=1\|pages=67–78\|doi=10.1007/s00115-009-2914-y\|issn=1433-0407\|pmid=21274695\|s2cid=23475235}}</ref> While he was in the mental home, his state of mind quickly returned to normal, and he went on writing and publishing. More and more, he used the way of writing he called the "pencil method": he wrote poems and prose in a diminutive [[Sütterlin]] hand, the letters of which measured about a millimeter of height by the end of that very productive phase. Werner Morlang and Bernhard Echte were the first ones who attempted to decipher these writings. In the 1990s, they published a six-volume edition, ''Aus dem Bleistiftgebiet'' ('From the Pencil Zone'). Only when Walser was, against his will, moved to the sanatorium of [[Herisau]] in his home canton of [[Appenzell Ausserrhoden]], did he quit writing, later telling Carl Seelig, "I am not here to write, but to be mad."		In the beginning of 1929, Walser, who had had anxieties and hallucinations for quite some time, went to the Bernese mental home Waldau, after a mental breakdown, at his sister Fani's urging. In his medical records it says: "The patient confessed hearing voices." Therefore, this can hardly be called a voluntary commitment.{{cn}} He was eventually diagnosed with [[catatonic schizophrenia]].<ref>{{Cite journal\|last1=Partl\|first1=S.\|last2=Pfuhlmann\|first2=B.\|last3=Jabs\|first3=B.\|last4=Stöber\|first4=G.\|date=2011-01-01\|title=["My disease is one of the mind and difficult to define": Robert Walser (1879–1956) and his mental illness]\|journal=Der Nervenarzt\|volume=82\|issue=1\|pages=67–78\|doi=10.1007/s00115-009-2914-y\|issn=1433-0407\|pmid=21274695\|s2cid=23475235}}</ref> While he was in the mental home, his state of mind quickly returned to normal, and he went on writing and publishing. More and more, he used the way of writing he called the "pencil method": he wrote poems and prose in a diminutive [[Sütterlin]] hand, the letters of which measured about a millimeter of height by the end of that very productive phase. Werner Morlang and Bernhard Echte were the first ones who attempted to decipher these writings. In the 1990s, they published a six-volume edition, ''Aus dem Bleistiftgebiet'' ('From the Pencil Zone'). Only when Walser was, against his will, moved to the sanatorium of [[Herisau]] in his home canton of [[Appenzell Ausserrhoden]], did he quit writing, later telling Carl Seelig, "I am not here to write, but to be mad."

	In 1936, his admirer [[Carl Seelig]] began to visit him. He later wrote a book, ''Wanderungen mit Robert Walser'', about their talks. Seelig tried to revive interest in Walser's work by re-issuing some of his writings. After the death of Walser's brother Karl in 1943 and of his sister Lisa in 1944, Seelig became Walser's legal guardian. Though free of outward signs of mental illness for a long time, Walser was crotchety and repeatedly refused to leave the sanatorium.		In 1936, his admirer [[Carl Seelig]] began to visit him. He later wrote a book, ''Wanderungen mit Robert Walser'', about their talks. Seelig tried to revive interest in Walser's work by re-issuing some of his writings. After the death of Walser's brother Karl in 1943 and of his sister Lisa in 1944, Seelig became Walser's legal guardian. Though free of outward signs of mental illness for a long time, Walser was crotchety and repeatedly refused to leave the sanatorium.

Mojo Hand: Removing link(s) Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Daniele Pantano closed as delete (XFDcloser)

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Removing link(s) Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Daniele Pantano closed as delete (XFDcloser)

TreeLethargy at 22:54, 3 April 2024

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	'''Robert Walser''' (15 April 1878 – 25 December 1956) was a [[German language\|German]]-speaking [[Swiss people\|Swiss]] writer. ~~Walser~~ is ~~understood~~ to be ~~the~~ ~~missing~~ ~~link~~ ~~between~~ ~~[[Heinrich~~ ~~von Kleist]]~~ and ~~[[Franz~~ ~~Kafka]].~~ As ~~writes~~ ~~[[Susan~~ ~~Sontag]],~~ ~~"at~~ ~~the~~ ~~time~~ ~~[of~~ ~~Walser's~~ ~~writing]~~, it ~~was~~ ~~more~~ ~~likely~~ to be ~~Kafka~~ ~~[who~~ ~~was~~ ~~understood]~~ ~~through~~ ~~the~~ ~~prism~~ of ~~Walser."~~ ~~For~~ ~~example~~, ~~[[Robert~~ ~~Musil]]~~ ~~once~~ ~~referred~~ to ~~Kafka's~~ ~~work~~ as "a ~~peculiar~~ ~~case~~ of ~~the~~ ~~Walser~~ ~~type."<ref>{{Cite~~ ~~book~~ ~~\|last1=Walser~~ ~~\|first1=Robert~~ ~~\|title=Selected~~ ~~Stories~~ ~~\|last2=Middleton~~ ~~\|first2=Christopher~~ ~~\|last3=Sontag~~ ~~\|first3=Susan~~ ~~\|publisher=Carcanet~~ ~~New Press Ltd~~. ~~\|year=1982 \|isbn=0-85635-3701 \|location=Manchester \|pages=vii \|language=en}}</ref>~~		'''Robert Walser''' (15 April 1878 – 25 December 1956) was a [[German language\|German]]-speaking [[Swiss people\|Swiss]] writer. He additionally worked as a copyist, an inventor's assistant, a butler, and in various other low-paying trades. Despite marginal early success in his literary career, the popularity of his work gradually diminished over the second and third decades of the 20th century, making it increasingly difficult for him to support himself through writing. He eventually had a nervous breakdown and spent the remainder of his life in sanatoriums.

⚫	Walser was admired early on by Kafka and writers such as [[Hermann Hesse]], [[Stefan Zweig]], and [[Walter Benjamin]],<ref>{{cite web\|last=Scrima\|first=Andrea\|title=The Walk by Robert Walser\|date=23 July 2012\|url=http://therumpus.net/2012/07/the-walk-by-robert-walser/\|website=The Rumpus\|access-date=2 March 2014}}</ref> and was in fact better known during his lifetime than Kafka or Benjamin were known in theirs.<ref name=Sebald>{{cite book\|author-last=Sebald\|author-first=W. G.\|translator-last=Catling\|translator-first=Jo\|title=A Place in the Country\|chapter=''Le Promeneur Solitaire'': A Remembrance of Robert Walser \|date=2014\|publisher=New Directions\|isbn=978-1-40006-771-8}}</ref> ~~Nevertheless, Walser was~~ never ~~able~~ to ~~support~~ ~~himself~~ ~~based~~ on ~~the~~ ~~meager~~ ~~income~~ he ~~made~~ ~~from~~ ~~his~~ ~~writings,~~ ~~and~~ he ~~worked~~ as ~~a copyist, an inventor~~'s ~~assistant,~~ a ~~butler~~, ~~and~~ in ~~various~~ ~~other~~ ~~low-paying~~ ~~trades.~~ ~~Despite~~ ~~marginal~~ ~~early~~ ~~success~~ in ~~his~~ ~~literary~~ ~~career,~~ the ~~popularity~~ ~~of his work gradually diminished over~~ the second ~~and third decades~~ of the ~~20th~~ ~~century~~, ~~making~~ it ~~increasingly~~ ~~difficult~~ ~~for~~ ~~him~~ to ~~support~~ ~~himself~~ ~~through~~ ~~writing.~~ He ~~eventually~~ ~~had a nervous breakdown and spent the remainder of his life~~ in ~~sanatoriums,~~ ~~taking~~ ~~frequent~~ ~~long~~ ~~walks~~.

⚫	A revival of interest in his work arose when, in the late 20th century and early 2000s, his writings from the Pencil Zone, also known as ''Bleistiftgebiet'' or "the Microscripts", which had been written in a coded, microscopically tiny hand on scraps of paper collected while in a Waldau sanatorium, were finally deciphered, translated, and published.<ref name="[[Rivka Galchen]]">{{cite news\|last=Galchen\|first=Rivka\|author-link=Rivka Galchen\|title=From the Pencil Zone: Robert Walser's Masterworklets\|newspaper=Harper's Magazine\|date=17 September 2010\|url=http://www.powells.com/review/2010_09_17\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100920154757/http://www.powells.com/review/2010_09_17 \|archive-date=20 September 2010 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news\|last=Kunkel\|first=Benjamin\|author-link=Benjamin Kunkel\|title=Still Small Voice: The Fiction of Robert Walser\|url=http://www.newyorker.com/arts/critics/books/2007/08/06/070806crbo_books_kunkel?currentPage=all\|access-date=2 March 2014\|newspaper=The New Yorker\|date=6 August 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite news\|last=Lerner\|first=Ben\|author-link=Ben Lerner\|title=Robert Walser's Disappearing Acts\|url=http://www.newyorker.com/online/blogs/books/2013/09/robert-walser-disappearing-acts.html\|access-date=2 March 2014\|newspaper=The New Yorker\|date=3 September 2013}}</ref>

	==Life and work==		==Life and work==
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	==Writings and reception==		==Writings and reception==
	Today, Walser's texts, completely re-edited since the 1970s, are regarded as among the most important writings of literary [[modernism]]. In his writing, he made use of elements of [[Swiss German]] in a charming and original manner, while very personal observations are interwoven with ''texts about texts''; that is, with contemplations and variations of other literary works, in which Walser often mixes pulp fiction with high literature.		Today, Walser's texts, completely re-edited since the 1970s, are regarded as among the most important writings of literary [[modernism]]. In his writing, he made use of elements of [[Swiss German]] in a charming and original manner, while very personal observations are interwoven with ''texts about texts''; that is, with contemplations and variations of other literary works, in which Walser often mixes pulp fiction with high literature. Walser has been regarded as the missing link between [[Heinrich von Kleist]] and [[Franz Kafka]]. As writes [[Susan Sontag]], "at the time [of Walser's writing], it was more likely to be Kafka [who was understood] through the prism of Walser." For example, [[Robert Musil]] once referred to Kafka's work as "a peculiar case of the Walser type."<ref>{{Cite book \|last1=Walser \|first1=Robert \|title=Selected Stories \|last2=Middleton \|first2=Christopher \|last3=Sontag \|first3=Susan \|publisher=Carcanet New Press Ltd. \|year=1982 \|isbn=0-85635-3701 \|location=Manchester \|pages=vii \|language=en}}</ref>

		⚫	Walser was admired early on by Kafka and writers such as [[Hermann Hesse]], [[Stefan Zweig]], and [[Walter Benjamin]],<ref>{{cite web\|last=Scrima\|first=Andrea\|title=The Walk by Robert Walser\|date=23 July 2012\|url=http://therumpus.net/2012/07/the-walk-by-robert-walser/\|website=The Rumpus\|access-date=2 March 2014}}</ref> and was in fact better known during his lifetime than Kafka or Benjamin were known in theirs.<ref name=Sebald>{{cite book\|author-last=Sebald\|author-first=W. G.\|translator-last=Catling\|translator-first=Jo\|title=A Place in the Country\|chapter=''Le Promeneur Solitaire'': A Remembrance of Robert Walser \|date=2014\|publisher=New Directions\|isbn=978-1-40006-771-8}}</ref> He never belonged to a literary school or group, perhaps with the exception of the circle around the magazine ''Die Insel'' in his youth, but was a notable and often published writer before World War I and into the 1920s. After the second half of the latter decade, he was rapidly forgotten, in spite of Carl Seelig's editions, which appeared almost exclusively in Switzerland but received little attention.

		⚫	Walser was rediscovered only in the 1970s, even though famous German writers such as [[Christian Morgenstern]], Franz Kafka, Walter Benjamin, [[Thomas Bernhard]] and Hermann Hesse were among his great admirers. Since then, almost all his writings have become accessible through an extensive republication of his entire body of work. He has exerted a considerable influence on various contemporary German writers, including [[Ror Wolf]], [[Peter Handke]], [[W. G. Sebald]], and [[Max Goldt]]. In 1967, Walser's piece 'Kleist in Thun' was published in [[0 to 9 Magazine\|0 to 9 magazine]]. A revival of interest in his work arose when, in the late 20th century and early 2000s, his writings from "the Pencil Zone", also known as ''Bleistiftgebiet'' or "the Microscripts", which had been written in a coded, microscopically tiny hand on scraps of paper collected while in a Waldau sanatorium, were finally deciphered, translated, and published.<ref name="[[Rivka Galchen]]">{{cite news\|last=Galchen\|first=Rivka\|author-link=Rivka Galchen\|title=From the Pencil Zone: Robert Walser's Masterworklets\|newspaper=Harper's Magazine\|date=17 September 2010\|url=http://www.powells.com/review/2010_09_17\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100920154757/http://www.powells.com/review/2010_09_17 \|archive-date=20 September 2010 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news\|last=Kunkel\|first=Benjamin\|author-link=Benjamin Kunkel\|title=Still Small Voice: The Fiction of Robert Walser\|url=http://www.newyorker.com/arts/critics/books/2007/08/06/070806crbo_books_kunkel?currentPage=all\|access-date=2 March 2014\|newspaper=The New Yorker\|date=6 August 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite news\|last=Lerner\|first=Ben\|author-link=Ben Lerner\|title=Robert Walser's Disappearing Acts\|url=http://www.newyorker.com/online/blogs/books/2013/09/robert-walser-disappearing-acts.html\|access-date=2 March 2014\|newspaper=The New Yorker\|date=3 September 2013}}</ref>
	Walser, who never belonged to a literary school or group, perhaps with the exception of the circle around the magazine ''Die Insel'' in his youth, was a notable and often published writer before World War I and into the 1920s. After the second half of the latter decade, he was rapidly forgotten, in spite of Carl Seelig's editions, which appeared almost exclusively in Switzerland but received little attention.

	Walser was rediscovered only in the 1970s, even though famous German writers such as [[Christian Morgenstern]], Franz Kafka, Walter Benjamin, [[Thomas Bernhard]] and Hermann Hesse were among his great admirers. Since then, almost all his writings have become accessible through an extensive republication of his entire body of work. He has exerted a considerable influence on various contemporary German writers, including [[Ror Wolf]], [[Peter Handke]], [[W. G. Sebald]], and [[Max Goldt]]. In 1967, Walser's piece 'Kleist in Thun' was published in [[0 to 9 Magazine\|0 to 9 magazine]]. In 2004, Spanish writer [[Enrique Vila-Matas]] published a novel entitled ''Doctor Pasavento'' about Walser, his stay on Herisau and the wish to disappear. In 2007, [[Serbia]]n writer [[Vojislav V. Jovanović]] published a book of prose named ''Story for Robert Walser'' inspired by the life and work of Robert Walser. In 2012, ''A Little Ramble: In the Spirit of Robert Walser'',<ref>{{Cite book\|title=A Little Ramble: In the Spirit of Robert Walser\|author1-last=Walser\|author1-first=Robert\|publisher=New Directions\|author2-last=Fischli \|author2-first=Peter \|translator-last=Middleton \|translator-first=Christopher\|year=2012\|isbn=978-0-81122-099-6\|location=New York\|oclc=804144951}}</ref> a series of artistic responses to Walser's work was published, including work by [[Moyra Davey]], [[Thomas Schütte]], [[Tacita Dean]] and [[Mark Wallinger]].		In 2004, Spanish writer [[Enrique Vila-Matas]] published a novel entitled ''Doctor Pasavento'' about Walser, his stay on Herisau and the wish to disappear. In 2007, [[Serbia]]n writer [[Vojislav V. Jovanović]] published a book of prose named ''Story for Robert Walser'' inspired by the life and work of Robert Walser. In 2012, ''A Little Ramble: In the Spirit of Robert Walser'',<ref>{{Cite book\|title=A Little Ramble: In the Spirit of Robert Walser\|author1-last=Walser\|author1-first=Robert\|publisher=New Directions\|author2-last=Fischli \|author2-first=Peter \|translator-last=Middleton \|translator-first=Christopher\|year=2012\|isbn=978-0-81122-099-6\|location=New York\|oclc=804144951}}</ref> a series of artistic responses to Walser's work was published, including work by [[Moyra Davey]], [[Thomas Schütte]], [[Tacita Dean]] and [[Mark Wallinger]].

	== Robert Walser Center ==		== Robert Walser Center ==

Jevansen: Moving from Category:Male dramatists and playwrights to Category:Swiss male dramatists and playwrights using Cat-a-lot

2024-04-01T05:04:51Z

Moving from Category:Male dramatists and playwrights to Category:Swiss male dramatists and playwrights using Cat-a-lot

← Previous revision		Revision as of 05:04, 1 April 2024
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	[[Category:20th-century Swiss writers]]		[[Category:20th-century Swiss writers]]
	[[Category:20th-century dramatists and playwrights]]		[[Category:20th-century dramatists and playwrights]]
	[[Category:~~Male~~ dramatists and playwrights]]		[[Category:Swiss male dramatists and playwrights]]
	[[Category:Modernism]]		[[Category:Modernism]]
	[[Category:Modernist writers]]		[[Category:Modernist writers]]

Citation bot: Alter: pages, url, template type. URLs might have been anonymized. Add: archive-date, archive-url, magazine, authors 1-1. Removed parameters. Formatted dashes. Some additions/deletions were parameter name changes. | Use this bot. Report bugs. | Suggested by Jay8g | Linked from User:Jay8g/sandbox | #UCB_webform_linked 100/1114

2024-02-13T01:01:10Z

Alter: pages, url, template type. URLs might have been anonymized. Add: archive-date, archive-url, magazine, authors 1-1. Removed parameters. Formatted dashes. Some additions/deletions were parameter name changes. | Use this bot. Report bugs. | Suggested by Jay8g | Linked from User:Jay8g/sandbox | #UCB_webform_linked 100/1114

← Previous revision		Revision as of 18:34, 4 August 2024
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	Walser was admired early on by Kafka and writers such as [[Hermann Hesse]], [[Stefan Zweig]], and [[Walter Benjamin]],<ref>{{cite web\|last=Scrima\|first=Andrea\|title=The Walk by Robert Walser\|date=23 July 2012\|url=http://therumpus.net/2012/07/the-walk-by-robert-walser/\|website=The Rumpus\|access-date=2 March 2014}}</ref> and was in fact better known during his lifetime than Kafka or Benjamin were known in theirs.<ref name=Sebald>{{cite book\|author-last=Sebald\|author-first=W. G.\|translator-last=Catling\|translator-first=Jo\|title=A Place in the Country\|chapter=''Le Promeneur Solitaire'': A Remembrance of Robert Walser \|date=2014\|publisher=New Directions\|isbn=978-1-40006-771-8}}</ref> He never belonged to a literary school or group, perhaps with the exception of the circle around the magazine ''Die Insel'' in his youth, but was a notable and often published writer before World War I and into the 1920s. After the second half of the latter decade, he was rapidly forgotten, in spite of Carl Seelig's editions, which appeared almost exclusively in Switzerland but received little attention.		Walser was admired early on by Kafka and writers such as [[Hermann Hesse]], [[Stefan Zweig]], and [[Walter Benjamin]],<ref>{{cite web\|last=Scrima\|first=Andrea\|title=The Walk by Robert Walser\|date=23 July 2012\|url=http://therumpus.net/2012/07/the-walk-by-robert-walser/\|website=The Rumpus\|access-date=2 March 2014}}</ref> and was in fact better known during his lifetime than Kafka or Benjamin were known in theirs.<ref name=Sebald>{{cite book\|author-last=Sebald\|author-first=W. G.\|translator-last=Catling\|translator-first=Jo\|title=A Place in the Country\|chapter=''Le Promeneur Solitaire'': A Remembrance of Robert Walser \|date=2014\|publisher=New Directions\|isbn=978-1-40006-771-8}}</ref> He never belonged to a literary school or group, perhaps with the exception of the circle around the magazine ''Die Insel'' in his youth, but was a notable and often published writer before World War I and into the 1920s. After the second half of the latter decade, he was rapidly forgotten, in spite of Carl Seelig's editions, which appeared almost exclusively in Switzerland but received little attention.

	Walser was rediscovered only in the 1970s, even though famous German writers such as [[Christian Morgenstern]], Franz Kafka, Walter Benjamin, [[Thomas Bernhard]] and Hermann Hesse were among his great admirers. Since then, almost all his writings have become accessible through an extensive republication of his entire body of work. He has exerted a considerable influence on various contemporary German writers, including [[Ror Wolf]], [[Peter Handke]], [[W. G. Sebald]], and [[Max Goldt]]. In 1967, Walser's piece 'Kleist in Thun' was published in [[0 to 9 Magazine\|0 to 9 magazine]]. A revival of interest in his work arose when, in the late 20th century and early 2000s, his writings from "the Pencil Zone", also known as ''Bleistiftgebiet'' or "the Microscripts", which had been written in a coded, microscopically tiny hand on scraps of paper collected while in a Waldau sanatorium, were finally deciphered, translated, and published.<ref name="[[Rivka Galchen]]">{{cite news\|last=Galchen\|first=Rivka\|author-link=Rivka Galchen\|title=From the Pencil Zone: Robert Walser's Masterworklets\|newspaper=Harper's Magazine\|date=17 September 2010\|url=http://www.powells.com/review/2010_09_17\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100920154757/http://www.powells.com/review/2010_09_17 \|archive-date=20 September 2010 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news\|last=Kunkel\|first=Benjamin\|author-link=Benjamin Kunkel\|title=Still Small Voice: The Fiction of Robert Walser\|url=http://www.newyorker.com/arts/critics/books/2007/08/06/070806crbo_books_kunkel?currentPage=all\|access-date=2 March 2014\|newspaper=The New Yorker\|date=6 August 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite news\|last=Lerner\|first=Ben\|author-link=Ben Lerner\|title=Robert Walser's Disappearing Acts\|url=http://www.newyorker.com/online/blogs/books/2013/09/robert-walser-disappearing-acts.html\|access-date=2 March 2014\|newspaper=The New Yorker\|date=3 September 2013}}</ref>		Walser was rediscovered only in the 1970s, even though famous German writers such as [[Christian Morgenstern]], Franz Kafka, Walter Benjamin, [[Thomas Bernhard]] and Hermann Hesse were among his great admirers. Since then, almost all his writings have become accessible through an extensive republication of his entire body of work. He has exerted a considerable influence on various contemporary German writers, including [[Ror Wolf]], [[Peter Handke]], [[W. G. Sebald]], and [[Max Goldt]]. In 1967, Walser's piece 'Kleist in Thun' was published in [[0 to 9 Magazine\|0 to 9 magazine]]. A revival of interest in his work arose when, in the late 20th century and early 2000s, his writings from "the Pencil Zone", also known as ''Bleistiftgebiet'' or "the Microscripts", which had been written in a coded, microscopically tiny hand using a form of [[Kurrent]] script on scraps of paper collected while in a Waldau sanatorium, were finally deciphered, translated, and published.<ref name="[[Rivka Galchen]]">{{cite news\|last=Galchen\|first=Rivka\|author-link=Rivka Galchen\|title=From the Pencil Zone: Robert Walser's Masterworklets\|newspaper=Harper's Magazine\|date=17 September 2010\|url=http://www.powells.com/review/2010_09_17\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100920154757/http://www.powells.com/review/2010_09_17 \|archive-date=20 September 2010 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news\|last=Kunkel\|first=Benjamin\|author-link=Benjamin Kunkel\|title=Still Small Voice: The Fiction of Robert Walser\|url=http://www.newyorker.com/arts/critics/books/2007/08/06/070806crbo_books_kunkel?currentPage=all\|access-date=2 March 2014\|newspaper=The New Yorker\|date=6 August 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite news\|last=Lerner\|first=Ben\|author-link=Ben Lerner\|title=Robert Walser's Disappearing Acts\|url=http://www.newyorker.com/online/blogs/books/2013/09/robert-walser-disappearing-acts.html\|access-date=2 March 2014\|newspaper=The New Yorker\|date=3 September 2013}}</ref>

	In 2004, Spanish writer [[Enrique Vila-Matas]] published a novel entitled ''Doctor Pasavento'' about Walser, his stay on Herisau and the wish to disappear. In 2007, [[Serbia]]n writer [[Vojislav V. Jovanović]] published a book of prose named ''Story for Robert Walser'' inspired by the life and work of Robert Walser. In 2012, ''A Little Ramble: In the Spirit of Robert Walser'',<ref>{{Cite book\|title=A Little Ramble: In the Spirit of Robert Walser\|author1-last=Walser\|author1-first=Robert\|publisher=New Directions\|author2-last=Fischli \|author2-first=Peter \|translator-last=Middleton \|translator-first=Christopher\|year=2012\|isbn=978-0-81122-099-6\|location=New York\|oclc=804144951}}</ref> a series of artistic responses to Walser's work was published, including work by [[Moyra Davey]], [[Thomas Schütte]], [[Tacita Dean]] and [[Mark Wallinger]].		In 2004, Spanish writer [[Enrique Vila-Matas]] published a novel entitled ''Doctor Pasavento'' about Walser, his stay on Herisau and the wish to disappear. In 2007, [[Serbia]]n writer [[Vojislav V. Jovanović]] published a book of prose named ''Story for Robert Walser'' inspired by the life and work of Robert Walser. In 2012, ''A Little Ramble: In the Spirit of Robert Walser'',<ref>{{Cite book\|title=A Little Ramble: In the Spirit of Robert Walser\|author1-last=Walser\|author1-first=Robert\|publisher=New Directions\|author2-last=Fischli \|author2-first=Peter \|translator-last=Middleton \|translator-first=Christopher\|year=2012\|isbn=978-0-81122-099-6\|location=New York\|oclc=804144951}}</ref> a series of artistic responses to Walser's work was published, including work by [[Moyra Davey]], [[Thomas Schütte]], [[Tacita Dean]] and [[Mark Wallinger]].

← Previous revision		Revision as of 22:28, 29 June 2024
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	*{{cite journal \|journal=Georgia Review \|title=A Field of Snow on a Slope of the Rosenberg \|last=Davenport \|first=Guy \|author-link=Guy Davenport\|volume=21 \|issue=1 \|pages=5–41 \|date=Spring 1977}}		*{{cite journal \|journal=Georgia Review \|title=A Field of Snow on a Slope of the Rosenberg \|last=Davenport \|first=Guy \|author-link=Guy Davenport\|volume=21 \|issue=1 \|pages=5–41 \|date=Spring 1977}}
	*{{cite journal \|journal=The Review of Contemporary Fiction \|title=Robert Walser Special Issue \|editor-last=O'Brien \|editor-first=John \|volume=12 \|issue=1 \|date=Spring 1992 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DS6xAAAAIAAJ}}		*{{cite journal \|journal=The Review of Contemporary Fiction \|title=Robert Walser Special Issue \|editor-last=O'Brien \|editor-first=John \|volume=12 \|issue=1 \|date=Spring 1992 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DS6xAAAAIAAJ}}
	*{{cite book \|title=Selected Writings of Walter Benjamin Volume 2, 1927–1934 \|chapter=Robert Walser \|author-last=Benjamin \|author-first=Walter \|translator-last=Livingstone \|translator-first=Rodney \|editor1-last=Jennings \|editor1-first=Michael W. \|editor2-last=Eiland \|editor2-first=Howard \|editor3-last=Smith \|editor3-first=Gary \|date=1999 \|publisher=Harvard University Press \|location=Cambridge, MA \|isbn=0-674-94586-7 \|pages=257–261 \|url=https://modernity.io/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/Benjamin-On-Robert-Walser.pdf}}		*{{cite book \|title=Selected Writings of Walter Benjamin Volume 2, 1927–1934 \|chapter=Robert Walser \|author-last=Benjamin \|author-first=Walter\|author-link=Walter Benjamin \|translator-last=Livingstone \|translator-first=Rodney \|editor1-last=Jennings \|editor1-first=Michael W. \|editor2-last=Eiland \|editor2-first=Howard \|editor3-last=Smith \|editor3-first=Gary \|date=1999 \|publisher=Harvard University Press \|location=Cambridge, MA \|isbn=0-674-94586-7 \|pages=257–261 \|url=https://modernity.io/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/Benjamin-On-Robert-Walser.pdf}}
	*{{cite magazine \|website=The New York Review of Books \|author-last=Coetzee \|author-first=J. M. \|title=The Genius of Robert Walser \|date=2 November 2000 \|url=https://www.nybooks.com/articles/2000/11/02/the-genius-of-robert-walser}}		*{{cite magazine \|website=The New York Review of Books \|author-last=Coetzee \|author-first=J. M.\|author-link=J. M. Coetzee \|title=The Genius of Robert Walser \|date=2 November 2000 \|url=https://www.nybooks.com/articles/2000/11/02/the-genius-of-robert-walser}}
	*{{cite magazine \|title=The Book Bench: Scribe of the Small \|magazine=The New Yorker \|author-last=Mendelssohn \|author-first=Deidre Foley \|date=26 May 2010 \|url=http://www.newyorker.com/online/blogs/books/2010/05/scribe-of-the-small.html}}		*{{cite magazine \|title=The Book Bench: Scribe of the Small \|magazine=The New Yorker \|author-last=Mendelssohn \|author-first=Deidre Foley \|date=26 May 2010 \|url=http://www.newyorker.com/online/blogs/books/2010/05/scribe-of-the-small.html}}
	*{{cite book \|title=Microscripts \|contribution=Introduction \|contributor-last=Bernofsky \|contributor-first=Susan \|author-last=Walser \|author-first=Robert \|date=2012 \|publisher=New Directions \|isbn=978-0-81122-033-0 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aF2qpwAACAAJ}}		*{{cite book \|title=Microscripts \|contribution=Introduction \|contributor-last=Bernofsky \|contributor-first=Susan \|author-last=Walser \|author-first=Robert \|date=2012 \|publisher=New Directions \|isbn=978-0-81122-033-0 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aF2qpwAACAAJ}}
	*{{cite book \|title=Narratives Unsettled: Digression in Robert Walser, Thomas Bernhard, and Adalbert Stifter \|author-last=Frederick \|author-first=Samuel \|publisher=Northwestern University Press \|location=Evanston, IL \|date=2012 \|isbn=978-0-81012-817-0}}		*{{cite book \|title=Narratives Unsettled: Digression in Robert Walser, [[Thomas Bernhard]], and [[Adalbert Stifter]] \|author-last=Frederick \|author-first=Samuel \|publisher=Northwestern University Press \|location=Evanston, IL \|date=2012 \|isbn=978-0-81012-817-0}}
	*{{cite journal \|journal=The Black Herald \|title=Smithereens: On Robert Walser's Microscripts \|author-last=Shipley \|author-first=Gary J. \|issue=4 \|date=October 2013 \|pages=104–119}}		*{{cite journal \|journal=The Black Herald \|title=Smithereens: On Robert Walser's Microscripts \|author-last=Shipley \|author-first=Gary J. \|issue=4 \|date=October 2013 \|pages=104–119}}
	*{{cite web \|title=Biography of Robert Otto Walser \|website=Biographical Archive of Psychiatry \|author1-last=Fabri \|author1-first=Ansgar \|author2-last=Brückner \|author2-first=Burkhart \|date=2015 \|url=http://biapsy.de/index.php/en/9-biographien-a-z/94-walser-robert-otto-e}}		*{{cite web \|title=Biography of Robert Otto Walser \|website=Biographical Archive of Psychiatry \|author1-last=Fabri \|author1-first=Ansgar \|author2-last=Brückner \|author2-first=Burkhart \|date=2015 \|url=http://biapsy.de/index.php/en/9-biographien-a-z/94-walser-robert-otto-e}}
	*{{cite book \|title=Irony's Antics: Walser, Kafka, Roth and the German Comic Tradition \|author-last=Weitzman \|author-first=Erica \|publisher=Northwestern University Press \|date=2015 \|isbn=978-0-81012-983-2 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U_JqBgAAQBAJ}}		*{{cite book \|title=Irony's Antics: Walser, Kafka, Roth and the German Comic Tradition \|author-last=Weitzman \|author-first=Erica \|publisher=Northwestern University Press \|date=2015 \|isbn=978-0-81012-983-2 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U_JqBgAAQBAJ}}
	*{{cite book \|title=Walks with Walser \|author-last=Seelig \|author-first=Carl \|translator-last=Posten \|translator-first=Anne \|date=2017 \|publisher=New Directions \|isbn=978-0-81122-139-9 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=acICkAEACAAJ}}		*{{cite book \|title=Walks with Walser \|author-last=Seelig \|author-first=Carl \|author-link=Carl Seelig \|translator-last=Posten \|translator-first=Anne \|date=2017 \|publisher=New Directions \|isbn=978-0-81122-139-9 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=acICkAEACAAJ}}
	*{{cite journal \|journal=Forum for World Literature Studies \|title=An Existential Crisis: The Significance of the Opening and Concluding Passages of Robert Walser's Jakob Von Gunten \|author1-last=Ahmadian \|author1-first=Mahdi \|author2-last=Mohsen \|author2-first=Hanif \|date=2018 \|volume=10 \|issue=3 \|pages=463–472}}		*{{cite journal \|journal=Forum for World Literature Studies \|title=An Existential Crisis: The Significance of the Opening and Concluding Passages of Robert Walser's Jakob Von Gunten \|author1-last=Ahmadian \|author1-first=Mahdi \|author2-last=Mohsen \|author2-first=Hanif \|date=2018 \|volume=10 \|issue=3 \|pages=463–472}}
	*{{cite book \|title=Clairvoyant of the Small: The Life of Robert Walser \|last=Bernofsky \|first=Susan \|date=2021 \|publisher=Yale University Press \|isbn=978-0-30022-064-3 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hg7gzQEACAAJ}}		*{{cite book \|title=Clairvoyant of the Small: The Life of Robert Walser \|last=Bernofsky \|first=Susan\|author-link=Susan Bernofsky \|date=2021 \|publisher=Yale University Press \|isbn=978-0-30022-064-3 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hg7gzQEACAAJ}}

	===In German===		===In German===

← Previous revision		Revision as of 13:56, 27 April 2024
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	*''The Walk'' ([[New Directions Publishing\|New Directions]], 2012), translated by [[Christopher Middleton (poet)\|Christopher Middleton]] with [[Susan Bernofsky]], {{ISBN\|9780811219921}}		*''The Walk'' ([[New Directions Publishing\|New Directions]], 2012), translated by [[Christopher Middleton (poet)\|Christopher Middleton]] with [[Susan Bernofsky]], {{ISBN\|9780811219921}}
	*''Thirty Poems'' ([[New Directions Publishing\|New Directions]], 2012), translated by [[Christopher Middleton (poet)\|Christopher Middleton]], {{ISBN\|978-0811220019}}		*''Thirty Poems'' ([[New Directions Publishing\|New Directions]], 2012), translated by [[Christopher Middleton (poet)\|Christopher Middleton]], {{ISBN\|978-0811220019}}
	* ''Oppressive Light: Selected Poems by Robert Walser'' ([[Black Lawrence Press]]/[[Dzanc Books]], New York, 2012), edited and translated by [[Daniele Pantano]], {{ISBN\|978-1-93687-318-0}}		* ''Oppressive Light: Selected Poems by Robert Walser'' ([[Black Lawrence Press]]/[[Dzanc Books]], New York, 2012), edited and translated by Daniele Pantano, {{ISBN\|978-1-93687-318-0}}
	*''A Little Ramble: In the Spirit of Robert Walser'' ([[New Directions Publishing\|New Directions]], 2012), translated by [[Susan Bernofsky]] with [[Christopher Middleton (poet)\|Christopher Middleton]] and Tom Whalen {{ISBN\|978-0811220996}}		*''A Little Ramble: In the Spirit of Robert Walser'' ([[New Directions Publishing\|New Directions]], 2012), translated by [[Susan Bernofsky]] with [[Christopher Middleton (poet)\|Christopher Middleton]] and Tom Whalen {{ISBN\|978-0811220996}}
	* ''A Schoolboy's Diary'' (New York Review Books Classics, 2013), translated by [[Damion Searls]], introduction by Ben Lerner, {{ISBN\|9781590176726}}		* ''A Schoolboy's Diary'' (New York Review Books Classics, 2013), translated by [[Damion Searls]], introduction by Ben Lerner, {{ISBN\|9781590176726}}
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	* ''Girlfriends, Ghosts, and Other Stories'' (New York Review Books Classics, 2016), translated by Tom Whalen, with Nicole Kongeter and Annette Wiesner, afterword by Tom Whalen, {{ISBN\|978-1681370163}}		* ''Girlfriends, Ghosts, and Other Stories'' (New York Review Books Classics, 2016), translated by Tom Whalen, with Nicole Kongeter and Annette Wiesner, afterword by Tom Whalen, {{ISBN\|978-1681370163}}
	*''Little Snow Landscape'' (New York Review Books, 2021), trans. Tom Whalen		*''Little Snow Landscape'' (New York Review Books, 2021), trans. Tom Whalen
	* ''Robert Walser: The Poems'' (Seagull Books, 2022), translated by [[Daniele Pantano]]		* ''Robert Walser: The Poems'' (Seagull Books, 2022), translated by Daniele Pantano
	* ''My Heart Has So Many Flaws: Early Poems'' (Sublunary Editions, 2024), translated by Kristofor Minta		* ''My Heart Has So Many Flaws: Early Poems'' (Sublunary Editions, 2024), translated by Kristofor Minta

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	*''Robert Walser – mikrogramme – das kleine welttheater'', director: [[Christian Bertram]], stage: [[Max Dudler]], music: [[Hans Peter Kuhn]], début performance 14 April 2005 Berlin; readings, films and podium discussion with corollary program [https://web.archive.org/web/20040614111936/http://www.mikrogramme.de/ www.mikrogramme.de]		*''Robert Walser – mikrogramme – das kleine welttheater'', director: [[Christian Bertram]], stage: [[Max Dudler]], music: [[Hans Peter Kuhn]], début performance 14 April 2005 Berlin; readings, films and podium discussion with corollary program [https://web.archive.org/web/20040614111936/http://www.mikrogramme.de/ www.mikrogramme.de]
	*[https://web.archive.org/web/20150929101229/http://www.gokcenergene.com/institute-benjamenta Institute Benjamenta], director: [[Gökçen Ergene]]		*[https://web.archive.org/web/20150929101229/http://www.gokcenergene.com/institute-benjamenta Institute Benjamenta], director: [[Gökçen Ergene]]
	*''Fairy Tales: Dramolettes'' ([[New Directions Publishing\|New Directions]], 2015), translated by James Reidel and [[Daniele Pantano]], with a preface by Reto Sorg, {{ISBN\|978-0-8112-2398-0}}		*''Fairy Tales: Dramolettes'' ([[New Directions Publishing\|New Directions]], 2015), translated by James Reidel and Daniele Pantano, with a preface by Reto Sorg, {{ISBN\|978-0-8112-2398-0}}
	*''Comedies'' (Seagull Books, 2018), translated by [[Daniele Pantano]] and James Reidel, with a preface by Reto Sorg, {{ISBN\|978-0857424693}}		*''Comedies'' (Seagull Books, 2018), translated by Daniele Pantano and James Reidel, with a preface by Reto Sorg, {{ISBN\|978-0857424693}}

	===Movies===		===Movies===

← Previous revision		Revision as of 01:01, 13 February 2024
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	}}		}}

	'''Robert Walser''' (15 April 1878 – 25 December 1956) was a [[German language\|German]]-speaking [[Swiss people\|Swiss]] writer. Walser is understood to be the missing link between [[Heinrich von Kleist]] and [[Franz Kafka]]. As writes [[Susan Sontag]], "at the time [of Walser's writing], it was more likely to be Kafka [who was understood] through the prism of Walser." For example, [[Robert Musil]] once referred to Kafka's work as "a peculiar case of the Walser type."<ref>{{Cite book \|~~last~~=Walser \|~~first~~=Robert \|title=Selected Stories \|last2=Middleton \|first2=Christopher \|last3=Sontag \|first3=Susan \|publisher=Carcanet New Press Ltd. \|year=1982 \|isbn=0-85635-3701 \|location=Manchester \|pages=vii \|language=en}}</ref>		'''Robert Walser''' (15 April 1878 – 25 December 1956) was a [[German language\|German]]-speaking [[Swiss people\|Swiss]] writer. Walser is understood to be the missing link between [[Heinrich von Kleist]] and [[Franz Kafka]]. As writes [[Susan Sontag]], "at the time [of Walser's writing], it was more likely to be Kafka [who was understood] through the prism of Walser." For example, [[Robert Musil]] once referred to Kafka's work as "a peculiar case of the Walser type."<ref>{{Cite book \|last1=Walser \|first1=Robert \|title=Selected Stories \|last2=Middleton \|first2=Christopher \|last3=Sontag \|first3=Susan \|publisher=Carcanet New Press Ltd. \|year=1982 \|isbn=0-85635-3701 \|location=Manchester \|pages=vii \|language=en}}</ref>

	Walser was admired early on by Kafka and writers such as [[Hermann Hesse]], [[Stefan Zweig]], and [[Walter Benjamin]],<ref>{{cite web\|last=Scrima\|first=Andrea\|title=The Walk by Robert Walser\|date=23 July 2012\|url=http://therumpus.net/2012/07/the-walk-by-robert-walser/\|website=The Rumpus\|access-date=2 March 2014}}</ref> and was in fact better known during his lifetime than Kafka or Benjamin were known in theirs.<ref name=Sebald>{{cite book\|author-last=Sebald\|author-first=W. G.\|translator-last=Catling\|translator-first=Jo\|title=A Place in the Country\|chapter=''Le Promeneur Solitaire'': A Remembrance of Robert Walser \|date=2014\|publisher=New Directions\|isbn=978-1-40006-771-8}}</ref> Nevertheless, Walser was never able to support himself based on the meager income he made from his writings, and he worked as a copyist, an inventor's assistant, a butler, and in various other low-paying trades. Despite marginal early success in his literary career, the popularity of his work gradually diminished over the second and third decades of the 20th century, making it increasingly difficult for him to support himself through writing. He eventually had a nervous breakdown and spent the remainder of his life in sanatoriums, taking frequent long walks.		Walser was admired early on by Kafka and writers such as [[Hermann Hesse]], [[Stefan Zweig]], and [[Walter Benjamin]],<ref>{{cite web\|last=Scrima\|first=Andrea\|title=The Walk by Robert Walser\|date=23 July 2012\|url=http://therumpus.net/2012/07/the-walk-by-robert-walser/\|website=The Rumpus\|access-date=2 March 2014}}</ref> and was in fact better known during his lifetime than Kafka or Benjamin were known in theirs.<ref name=Sebald>{{cite book\|author-last=Sebald\|author-first=W. G.\|translator-last=Catling\|translator-first=Jo\|title=A Place in the Country\|chapter=''Le Promeneur Solitaire'': A Remembrance of Robert Walser \|date=2014\|publisher=New Directions\|isbn=978-1-40006-771-8}}</ref> Nevertheless, Walser was never able to support himself based on the meager income he made from his writings, and he worked as a copyist, an inventor's assistant, a butler, and in various other low-paying trades. Despite marginal early success in his literary career, the popularity of his work gradually diminished over the second and third decades of the 20th century, making it increasingly difficult for him to support himself through writing. He eventually had a nervous breakdown and spent the remainder of his life in sanatoriums, taking frequent long walks.

	A revival of interest in his work arose when, in the late 20th century and early 2000s, his writings from the Pencil Zone, also known as ''Bleistiftgebiet'' or "the Microscripts", which had been written in a coded, microscopically tiny hand on scraps of paper collected while in a Waldau sanatorium, were finally deciphered, translated, and published.<ref name="[[Rivka Galchen]]">{{cite news\|last=Galchen\|first=Rivka\|author-link=Rivka Galchen\|title=From the Pencil Zone: Robert Walser's Masterworklets\|newspaper=Harper's Magazine\|date=17 September 2010\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100920154757/http://www.powells.com/review/2010_09_17}}</ref><ref>{{cite news\|last=Kunkel\|first=Benjamin\|author-link=Benjamin Kunkel\|title=Still Small Voice: The Fiction of Robert Walser\|url=http://www.newyorker.com/arts/critics/books/2007/08/06/070806crbo_books_kunkel?currentPage=all\|access-date=2 March 2014\|newspaper=The New Yorker\|date=6 August 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite news\|last=Lerner\|first=Ben\|author-link=Ben Lerner\|title=Robert Walser's Disappearing Acts\|url=http://www.newyorker.com/online/blogs/books/2013/09/robert-walser-disappearing-acts.html\|access-date=2 March 2014\|newspaper=The New Yorker\|date=3 September 2013}}</ref>		A revival of interest in his work arose when, in the late 20th century and early 2000s, his writings from the Pencil Zone, also known as ''Bleistiftgebiet'' or "the Microscripts", which had been written in a coded, microscopically tiny hand on scraps of paper collected while in a Waldau sanatorium, were finally deciphered, translated, and published.<ref name="[[Rivka Galchen]]">{{cite news\|last=Galchen\|first=Rivka\|author-link=Rivka Galchen\|title=From the Pencil Zone: Robert Walser's Masterworklets\|newspaper=Harper's Magazine\|date=17 September 2010\|url=http://www.powells.com/review/2010_09_17\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100920154757/http://www.powells.com/review/2010_09_17 \|archive-date=20 September 2010 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news\|last=Kunkel\|first=Benjamin\|author-link=Benjamin Kunkel\|title=Still Small Voice: The Fiction of Robert Walser\|url=http://www.newyorker.com/arts/critics/books/2007/08/06/070806crbo_books_kunkel?currentPage=all\|access-date=2 March 2014\|newspaper=The New Yorker\|date=6 August 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite news\|last=Lerner\|first=Ben\|author-link=Ben Lerner\|title=Robert Walser's Disappearing Acts\|url=http://www.newyorker.com/online/blogs/books/2013/09/robert-walser-disappearing-acts.html\|access-date=2 March 2014\|newspaper=The New Yorker\|date=3 September 2013}}</ref>

	==Life and work==		==Life and work==
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	==Further reading==		==Further reading==
	===In English===		===In English===
	*{{cite journal \|journal=Georgia Review \|title=A Field of Snow on a Slope of the Rosenberg \|last=Davenport \|first=Guy \|author-link=Guy Davenport\|volume=21 \|issue=1 \|pages=~~5-41~~ \|date=Spring 1977}}		*{{cite journal \|journal=Georgia Review \|title=A Field of Snow on a Slope of the Rosenberg \|last=Davenport \|first=Guy \|author-link=Guy Davenport\|volume=21 \|issue=1 \|pages=5–41 \|date=Spring 1977}}
	*{{cite journal \|journal=The Review of Contemporary Fiction \|title=Robert Walser Special Issue \|editor-last=O'Brien \|editor-first=John \|volume=12 \|issue=1 \|date=Spring 1992 \|url=https://books.google.com/books~~/about/Review_of_Contemporary_Fiction.html~~?id=DS6xAAAAIAAJ}}		*{{cite journal \|journal=The Review of Contemporary Fiction \|title=Robert Walser Special Issue \|editor-last=O'Brien \|editor-first=John \|volume=12 \|issue=1 \|date=Spring 1992 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DS6xAAAAIAAJ}}
	*{{cite book \|title=Selected Writings of Walter Benjamin Volume 2, 1927–1934 \|chapter=Robert Walser \|author-last=Benjamin \|author-first=Walter \|translator-last=Livingstone \|translator-first=Rodney \|editor1-last=Jennings \|editor1-first=Michael W. \|editor2-last=Eiland \|editor2-first=Howard \|editor3-last=Smith \|editor3-first=Gary \|date=1999 \|publisher=Harvard University Press \|location=Cambridge, MA \|isbn=0-674-94586-7 \|pages=~~257-261~~ \|url=https://modernity.io/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/Benjamin-On-Robert-Walser.pdf}}		*{{cite book \|title=Selected Writings of Walter Benjamin Volume 2, 1927–1934 \|chapter=Robert Walser \|author-last=Benjamin \|author-first=Walter \|translator-last=Livingstone \|translator-first=Rodney \|editor1-last=Jennings \|editor1-first=Michael W. \|editor2-last=Eiland \|editor2-first=Howard \|editor3-last=Smith \|editor3-first=Gary \|date=1999 \|publisher=Harvard University Press \|location=Cambridge, MA \|isbn=0-674-94586-7 \|pages=257–261 \|url=https://modernity.io/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/Benjamin-On-Robert-Walser.pdf}}
	*{{cite ~~web~~ \|website=The New York Review of Books \|author-last=Coetzee \|author-first=J. M. \|title=The Genius of Robert Walser \|date=2 November 2000 \|url=https://www.nybooks.com/articles/2000/11/02/the-genius-of-robert-walser}}		*{{cite magazine \|website=The New York Review of Books \|author-last=Coetzee \|author-first=J. M. \|title=The Genius of Robert Walser \|date=2 November 2000 \|url=https://www.nybooks.com/articles/2000/11/02/the-genius-of-robert-walser}}
	*{{cite ~~web~~ \|title=The Book Bench: Scribe of the Small \|~~website~~=The New Yorker \|author-last=Mendelssohn \|author-first=Deidre Foley \|date=26 May 2010 \|url=http://www.newyorker.com/online/blogs/books/2010/05/scribe-of-the-small.html}}		*{{cite magazine \|title=The Book Bench: Scribe of the Small \|magazine=The New Yorker \|author-last=Mendelssohn \|author-first=Deidre Foley \|date=26 May 2010 \|url=http://www.newyorker.com/online/blogs/books/2010/05/scribe-of-the-small.html}}
	*{{cite book \|title=Microscripts \|contribution=Introduction \|contributor-last=Bernofsky \|contributor-first=Susan \|author-last=Walser \|author-first=Robert \|date=2012 \|publisher=New Directions \|isbn=978-0-81122-033-0 \|url=https://books.google.com/books~~/about/Microscripts.html~~?id=aF2qpwAACAAJ}}		*{{cite book \|title=Microscripts \|contribution=Introduction \|contributor-last=Bernofsky \|contributor-first=Susan \|author-last=Walser \|author-first=Robert \|date=2012 \|publisher=New Directions \|isbn=978-0-81122-033-0 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aF2qpwAACAAJ}}
	*{{cite book \|title=Narratives Unsettled: Digression in Robert Walser, Thomas Bernhard, and Adalbert Stifter \|author-last=Frederick \|author-first=Samuel \|publisher=Northwestern University Press \|location=Evanston, IL \|date=2012 \|isbn=978-0-81012-817-0}}		*{{cite book \|title=Narratives Unsettled: Digression in Robert Walser, Thomas Bernhard, and Adalbert Stifter \|author-last=Frederick \|author-first=Samuel \|publisher=Northwestern University Press \|location=Evanston, IL \|date=2012 \|isbn=978-0-81012-817-0}}
	*{{cite journal \|journal=The Black Herald \|title=Smithereens: On Robert Walser's Microscripts \|author-last=Shipley \|author-first=Gary J. \|issue=4 \|date=October 2013 \|pages=~~104-119~~}}		*{{cite journal \|journal=The Black Herald \|title=Smithereens: On Robert Walser's Microscripts \|author-last=Shipley \|author-first=Gary J. \|issue=4 \|date=October 2013 \|pages=104–119}}
	*{{cite web \|title=Biography of Robert Otto Walser \|website=Biographical Archive of Psychiatry \|author1-last=Fabri \|author1-first=Ansgar \|author2-last=Brückner \|author2-first=Burkhart \|date=2015 \|url=http://biapsy.de/index.php/en/9-biographien-a-z/94-walser-robert-otto-e}}		*{{cite web \|title=Biography of Robert Otto Walser \|website=Biographical Archive of Psychiatry \|author1-last=Fabri \|author1-first=Ansgar \|author2-last=Brückner \|author2-first=Burkhart \|date=2015 \|url=http://biapsy.de/index.php/en/9-biographien-a-z/94-walser-robert-otto-e}}
	*{{cite book \|title=Irony's Antics: Walser, Kafka, Roth and the German Comic Tradition \|author-last=Weitzman \|author-first=Erica \|publisher=Northwestern University Press \|date=2015 \|isbn=978-0-81012-983-2 \|url=https://books.google.com/books~~/about/Irony_s_Antics.html~~?id=U_JqBgAAQBAJ}}		*{{cite book \|title=Irony's Antics: Walser, Kafka, Roth and the German Comic Tradition \|author-last=Weitzman \|author-first=Erica \|publisher=Northwestern University Press \|date=2015 \|isbn=978-0-81012-983-2 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U_JqBgAAQBAJ}}
	*{{cite book \|title=Walks with Walser \|author-last=Seelig \|author-first=Carl \|translator-last=Posten \|translator-first=Anne \|date=2017 \|publisher=New Directions \|isbn=978-0-81122-139-9 \|url=https://books.google.com/books~~/about/Walks_with_Walser.html~~?id=acICkAEACAAJ}}		*{{cite book \|title=Walks with Walser \|author-last=Seelig \|author-first=Carl \|translator-last=Posten \|translator-first=Anne \|date=2017 \|publisher=New Directions \|isbn=978-0-81122-139-9 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=acICkAEACAAJ}}
	*{{cite journal \|journal=Forum for World Literature Studies \|title=An Existential Crisis: The Significance of the Opening and Concluding Passages of Robert Walser's Jakob Von Gunten \|author1-last=Ahmadian \|author1-first=Mahdi \|author2-last=Mohsen \|author2-first=Hanif \|date=2018 \|volume=10 \|issue=3 \|pages=~~463-472~~}}		*{{cite journal \|journal=Forum for World Literature Studies \|title=An Existential Crisis: The Significance of the Opening and Concluding Passages of Robert Walser's Jakob Von Gunten \|author1-last=Ahmadian \|author1-first=Mahdi \|author2-last=Mohsen \|author2-first=Hanif \|date=2018 \|volume=10 \|issue=3 \|pages=463–472}}
	*{{cite book \|title=Clairvoyant of the Small: The Life of Robert Walser \|last=Bernofsky \|first=Susan \|date=2021 \|publisher=Yale University Press \|isbn=978-0-30022-064-3 \|url=https://books.google.com/books~~/about/Clairvoyant_of_the_Small.html~~?id=hg7gzQEACAAJ}}		*{{cite book \|title=Clairvoyant of the Small: The Life of Robert Walser \|last=Bernofsky \|first=Susan \|date=2021 \|publisher=Yale University Press \|isbn=978-0-30022-064-3 \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hg7gzQEACAAJ}}

	===In German===		===In German===
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	*{{cite book \|title=Auf den Spuren Robert Walsers \|author-last=Märki \|author-first=Lukas \|date=2002 \|publisher=Nimbus \|isbn=3-907142-07-1}}		*{{cite book \|title=Auf den Spuren Robert Walsers \|author-last=Märki \|author-first=Lukas \|date=2002 \|publisher=Nimbus \|isbn=3-907142-07-1}}
	*{{cite book \|title=Robert Walsers "Ferne Nähe". neue Beiträge zur Forschung \|editor1-last=Groddeck \|editor1-first=Wolfram \|editor2-last=Sorg\|editor2-first=Rego \|editor3-last=Utz \|editor3-first=Peter \|editor4-last=Wanger \|editor4-first=Karl \|date=2007 \|publisher=Brill Deutschland\|isbn=978-3-7705-4517-9 \|doi=10.30965/9783846745175}}		*{{cite book \|title=Robert Walsers "Ferne Nähe". neue Beiträge zur Forschung \|editor1-last=Groddeck \|editor1-first=Wolfram \|editor2-last=Sorg\|editor2-first=Rego \|editor3-last=Utz \|editor3-first=Peter \|editor4-last=Wanger \|editor4-first=Karl \|date=2007 \|publisher=Brill Deutschland\|isbn=978-3-7705-4517-9 \|doi=10.30965/9783846745175}}
	*{{cite book \|title=Wissen und Nicht-Wissen in der Klinik. Dynamiken der Psychiatrie um 1900 \|chapter=Das Schweigen des Schriftstellers. Robert Walser und das Macht-Wissen der Psychiatrie \|author-last=Gisi \|author-first=Lucas Mario \|editor-last=Wernli \|editor-first=Martina \|date=2012 \|location=Bielefield \|pages=~~231-259~~ \|isbn=978-3-8376-1934-8}}		*{{cite book \|title=Wissen und Nicht-Wissen in der Klinik. Dynamiken der Psychiatrie um 1900 \|chapter=Das Schweigen des Schriftstellers. Robert Walser und das Macht-Wissen der Psychiatrie \|author-last=Gisi \|author-first=Lucas Mario \|editor-last=Wernli \|editor-first=Martina \|date=2012 \|location=Bielefield \|pages=231–259 \|isbn=978-3-8376-1934-8}}
	*{{cite book \|title=Robert Walser-Handbuch. Leben – Werk – Wirkung \|editor-last=Gisi \|editor-first=Lucas Marco \|date=2015 \|publisher=J.B. Metzler \|location=Stuttgart \|doi=10.1007/978-3-476-05303-9 \|isbn=978-3-476-02418-3}}		*{{cite book \|title=Robert Walser-Handbuch. Leben – Werk – Wirkung \|editor-last=Gisi \|editor-first=Lucas Marco \|date=2015 \|publisher=J.B. Metzler \|location=Stuttgart \|doi=10.1007/978-3-476-05303-9 \|isbn=978-3-476-02418-3}}