Royal Ballet and Opera - Revision history

Tobby72: add images

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	In 1852, [[Louis Antoine Jullien]] the French eccentric composer of light music and conductor presented an opera of his own composition, ''Pietro il Grande''. Five performances were given of the 'spectacular', including live horses on the stage and very loud music. Critics considered it a complete failure and Jullien was ruined and fled to America.<ref>[http://louisjullien.site.voila.fr ''Louis-Antoine Jullien'' (in French)] {{Webarchive \|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100111101604/http://louisjullien.site.voila.fr/ \|date=11 January 2010 }} accessed 21 December 2007.</ref><ref>{{cite EB1911\|wstitle=Jullien, Louis Antoine \|volume=15 \|page=551 }}</ref>		In 1852, [[Louis Antoine Jullien]] the French eccentric composer of light music and conductor presented an opera of his own composition, ''Pietro il Grande''. Five performances were given of the 'spectacular', including live horses on the stage and very loud music. Critics considered it a complete failure and Jullien was ruined and fled to America.<ref>[http://louisjullien.site.voila.fr ''Louis-Antoine Jullien'' (in French)] {{Webarchive \|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100111101604/http://louisjullien.site.voila.fr/ \|date=11 January 2010 }} accessed 21 December 2007.</ref><ref>{{cite EB1911\|wstitle=Jullien, Louis Antoine \|volume=15 \|page=551 }}</ref>
			[[File:Queen Victoria and Napoleon III at the Royal Opera House 19 April 1855.jpg\|thumb\|[[Queen Victoria]] and [[Napoleon III]] at the Royal Opera House on 19 April 1855]]
	[[File:~~Fire~~ of ~~1856~~ at Covent Garden ~~Theatre~~.~~jpeg~~\|thumb\|180px\|The fire of 5 March 1856]]		[[File:Total Destruction of the Theatre Royal Covent Garden, by Fire (BM 1880,1113.3107).jpg\|thumb\|180px\|The fire of 5 March 1856]]

	Costa and his successors presented all operas in Italian, even those originally written in French, German or English, until 1892, when [[Gustav Mahler]] presented the debut of Wagner's [[Ring cycle]] at Covent Garden.{{sfn\|Parker\|1900\|p=39}}<ref>[[Anton Seidl]] had conducted the very first Ring in England (sung in German) at [[Her Majesty's Theatre]] from 5–9 May 1882. Source: {{cite journal \|journal=The Musical Times \|volume=47 \|issue=763 \|title=Wagner's Music in England \|author=F. G. E. [F. G. Edwards] \|date=1 September 1906 \|page=593 \|doi=10.2307/903478 \|jstor=903478}} (Free registration required)</ref> The word "Italian" was then quietly dropped from the name of the opera house.<ref name=Ivanhoe>Gordon-Powell, Robin. ''Ivanhoe'', full score, Introduction, vol. I, p. VIII, 2008, The Amber Ring</ref>		Costa and his successors presented all operas in Italian, even those originally written in French, German or English, until 1892, when [[Gustav Mahler]] presented the debut of Wagner's [[Ring cycle]] at Covent Garden.{{sfn\|Parker\|1900\|p=39}}<ref>[[Anton Seidl]] had conducted the very first Ring in England (sung in German) at [[Her Majesty's Theatre]] from 5–9 May 1882. Source: {{cite journal \|journal=The Musical Times \|volume=47 \|issue=763 \|title=Wagner's Music in England \|author=F. G. E. [F. G. Edwards] \|date=1 September 1906 \|page=593 \|doi=10.2307/903478 \|jstor=903478}} (Free registration required)</ref> The word "Italian" was then quietly dropped from the name of the opera house.<ref name=Ivanhoe>Gordon-Powell, Robin. ''Ivanhoe'', full score, Introduction, vol. I, p. VIII, 2008, The Amber Ring</ref>

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	Work on a third theatre, designed by [[Edward Middleton Barry]],<ref name=":0" /> started in 1857, and the new building, which still remains as the nucleus of the present theatre, was built by [[Lucas Brothers (company)\|Lucas Brothers]]<ref>{{cite ODNB \|url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/49439 \|title=Charles Thomas Lucas at Oxford Dictionary of National Biography \|year=2004 \|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/49439 \|access-date=4 May 2013 }}</ref> and opened on 15 May 1858 with a performance of [[Giacomo Meyerbeer\|Meyerbeer's]] ''[[Les Huguenots]]''.		Work on a third theatre, designed by [[Edward Middleton Barry]],<ref name=":0" /> started in 1857, and the new building, which still remains as the nucleus of the present theatre, was built by [[Lucas Brothers (company)\|Lucas Brothers]]<ref>{{cite ODNB \|url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/49439 \|title=Charles Thomas Lucas at Oxford Dictionary of National Biography \|year=2004 \|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/49439 \|access-date=4 May 2013 }}</ref> and opened on 15 May 1858 with a performance of [[Giacomo Meyerbeer\|Meyerbeer's]] ''[[Les Huguenots]]''.

	The Royal English Opera company under the management of [[Louisa Pyne]] and [[William Harrison (singer)\|William Harrison]], made their last performance at [[Theatre Royal, Drury Lane]], on 11 December 1858 and took up residence at Covent Garden on 20 December 1858 with the premiere of [[Michael Balfe]]'s ''[[Satanella (Balfe)\|Satanella]]''<ref>''Reviews'', "Drury-Lane Theatre", ''[[The Times]]'', 13 December 1858, p. 10.</ref> – the first opera to have its world premiere at the new theatre – and continued there until 1865.<ref>Kingsford, C L. [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/12457 "Harrison, William (1813–1868)"] {{Webarchive \|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221123131844/https://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-12457;jsessionid=58C64FE521C8DBEFDD649733B6499F16 \|date=23 November 2022 }}, rev. John Rosselli, ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography'', Oxford University Press, retrieved 14 April 2015 {{subscription required }}</ref>		The Royal English Opera company under the management of [[Louisa Pyne]] and [[William Harrison (singer)\|William Harrison]], made their last performance at [[Theatre Royal, Drury Lane]], on 11 December 1858 and took up residence at Covent Garden on 20 December 1858 with the premiere of [[Michael Balfe]]'s ''[[Satanella (Balfe)\|Satanella]]''<ref>''Reviews'', "Drury-Lane Theatre", ''[[The Times]]'', 13 December 1858, p. 10.</ref> – the first opera to have its world premiere at the new theatre – and continued there until 1865.<ref>Kingsford, C L. [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/12457 "Harrison, William (1813–1868)"] {{Webarchive \|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221123131844/https://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-12457;jsessionid=58C64FE521C8DBEFDD649733B6499F16 \|date=23 November 2022 }}, rev. [[John Rosselli (historian)\|John Rosselli]], ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography'', Oxford University Press, retrieved 14 April 2015 {{subscription required }}</ref>

	The theatre became the '''Royal Opera House''' (ROH) in 1892, and the number of French and German works offered increased. Winter and summer seasons of opera and ballet were given, and the building was also used for pantomime, recitals and political meetings.		The theatre became the '''Royal Opera House''' (ROH) in 1892, and the number of French and German works offered increased. Winter and summer seasons of opera and ballet were given, and the building was also used for pantomime, recitals and political meetings.

Ira Leviton: Fixed a reference. Please see Category:CS1 errors: dates.

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Fixed a reference. Please see Category:CS1 errors: dates.

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	In 2023 members of the orchestra were selected to play at the [[coronation of Charles III and Camilla]].<ref>{{cite web \|date=16 April 2023 \|title=Buckingham Palace is pleased to announce further details of the twelve new compositions that have been written for the Coronation of Their Majesties The King and The Queen Consort at Westminster Abbey on Saturday 6th May 2023. \|url=https://www.royal.uk/coronation-music-commissions \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230416081854/https://www.royal.uk/coronation-music-commissions \|archive-date=16 April 2023 \|access-date=11 May 2023 \|work=The Royal Family }}</ref>		In 2023 members of the orchestra were selected to play at the [[coronation of Charles III and Camilla]].<ref>{{cite web \|date=16 April 2023 \|title=Buckingham Palace is pleased to announce further details of the twelve new compositions that have been written for the Coronation of Their Majesties The King and The Queen Consort at Westminster Abbey on Saturday 6th May 2023. \|url=https://www.royal.uk/coronation-music-commissions \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230416081854/https://www.royal.uk/coronation-music-commissions \|archive-date=16 April 2023 \|access-date=11 May 2023 \|work=The Royal Family }}</ref>

	In 2024, the public branding of the venue and its associated online and media presence was changed from the Royal Opera House to '''Royal Ballet and Opera''' to reflect the combined companies that call the physical building their home.<ref>{{Cite web \|title=Royal Ballet and Opera \|url=https://www.rbo.org.uk/about/the-royal-ballet-and-opera \|access-date=3 July 2024 v\|website=www.rbo.org.uk }}</ref> The physical building itself remains the Royal Opera House whilst the branding and business operations change their title to reflect this adjustment.		In 2024, the public branding of the venue and its associated online and media presence was changed from the Royal Opera House to '''Royal Ballet and Opera''' to reflect the combined companies that call the physical building their home.<ref>{{Cite web \|title=Royal Ballet and Opera \|url=https://www.rbo.org.uk/about/the-royal-ballet-and-opera \|access-date=3 July 2024 \|website=www.rbo.org.uk }}</ref> The physical building itself remains the Royal Opera House whilst the branding and business operations change their title to reflect this adjustment.

	==Facilities==		==Facilities==

Drdr150: modified the infobox to contain more modern information

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modified the infobox to contain more modern information

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	{{Infobox venue		{{Infobox venue
	\| name = Royal Ballet and Opera		\| name = Royal Ballet and Opera
	\| nickname = Royal ~~Opera~~ ~~House~~		\| nickname = Royal Ballet and Opera
	\| native_name =		\| native_name =
	\| native_name_lang =		\| native_name_lang =

158.62.1.155: /* History */

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History

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	In 2023 members of the orchestra were selected to play at the [[coronation of Charles III and Camilla]].<ref>{{cite web \|date=16 April 2023 \|title=Buckingham Palace is pleased to announce further details of the twelve new compositions that have been written for the Coronation of Their Majesties The King and The Queen Consort at Westminster Abbey on Saturday 6th May 2023. \|url=https://www.royal.uk/coronation-music-commissions \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230416081854/https://www.royal.uk/coronation-music-commissions \|archive-date=16 April 2023 \|access-date=11 May 2023 \|work=The Royal Family }}</ref>		In 2023 members of the orchestra were selected to play at the [[coronation of Charles III and Camilla]].<ref>{{cite web \|date=16 April 2023 \|title=Buckingham Palace is pleased to announce further details of the twelve new compositions that have been written for the Coronation of Their Majesties The King and The Queen Consort at Westminster Abbey on Saturday 6th May 2023. \|url=https://www.royal.uk/coronation-music-commissions \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230416081854/https://www.royal.uk/coronation-music-commissions \|archive-date=16 April 2023 \|access-date=11 May 2023 \|work=The Royal Family }}</ref>

	In 2024, the public branding of the venue and its associated online and media presence was changed from the Royal Opera House to '''Royal Ballet and Opera''' to reflect the combined companies that call the physical building their home.<ref>{{Cite web \|title=Royal Ballet and Opera \|url=https://www.rbo.org.uk/about/the-royal-ballet-and-opera \|access-date=3 July 2024 \|website=www.rbo.org.uk }}</ref> The physical building itself remains the Royal Opera House whilst the branding and business operations change their title to reflect this adjustment.		In 2024, the public branding of the venue and its associated online and media presence was changed from the Royal Opera House to '''Royal Ballet and Opera''' to reflect the combined companies that call the physical building their home.<ref>{{Cite web \|title=Royal Ballet and Opera \|url=https://www.rbo.org.uk/about/the-royal-ballet-and-opera \|access-date=3 July 2024 v\|website=www.rbo.org.uk }}</ref> The physical building itself remains the Royal Opera House whilst the branding and business operations change their title to reflect this adjustment.

	==Facilities==		==Facilities==

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URL template

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	\| designation = [[Listed building\|Grade I]]<ref>{{NHLE \|num=1066392 \|desc=The Royal Opera House \|date=9 January 1970 \|access-date=9 July 2015 }}</ref>		\| designation = [[Listed building\|Grade I]]<ref>{{NHLE \|num=1066392 \|desc=The Royal Opera House \|date=9 January 1970 \|access-date=9 July 2015 }}</ref>
	\| publictransit = {{rail-interchange\|london\|underground}} {{lus\|Covent Garden}}<br/>'''[[London Buses\|Bus]]:''' 6, 11, 14, 26, 59, 98, 139, 168, 176		\| publictransit = {{rail-interchange\|london\|underground}} {{lus\|Covent Garden}}<br/>'''[[London Buses\|Bus]]:''' 6, 11, 14, 26, 59, 98, 139, 168, 176
	\| website = ~~www.~~rbo.org.uk		\| website = {{URL\|rbo.org.uk}}
	}}		}}

Abductive: Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5

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Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5

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	===Davenant patent===		===Davenant patent===
	[[Image:Rich-Covent-Garden.jpg\|thumb\|"Rich's Glory": John Rich seemingly invades his new Covent Garden Theatre. (caricature by [[William Hogarth]])]]		[[Image:Rich-Covent-Garden.jpg\|thumb\|"Rich's Glory": John Rich seemingly invades his new Covent Garden Theatre. (caricature by [[William Hogarth]])]]
	The foundation of the '''Theatre Royal, Covent Garden''' lies in the [[letters patent]] awarded by [[Charles II of England\|Charles II]] to Sir [[William Davenant]] in 1662, allowing Davenant to operate one of only two [[patent theatre]] companies (''The [[Duke's Company]]'') in London. The letters patent remained in the possession of the patentees' heirs until the 19th century. Their whereabouts were unknown for some time, but as of 2019 they are held in the [[Rosenbach Museum & Library]], [[Philadelphia]].<ref>{{Cite web \|url=https://www.british-history.ac.uk/survey-london/vol35/pp1-8 \|title=The Killigrew and Davenant Patents \| British History Online \|website=www.british-history.ac.uk }}</ref>{{refn\|The original letters patent by Charles II, 15 January 1661/2 (illuminated, on vellum), authorizing Sir William Davenant to form a company of actors, are held in the [[Rosenbach Museum & Library]], [[Philadelphia]]. The charter is illustrated in Clive E. Driver, ''A Selection from our Shelves: Books, manuscripts and drawings from the Philip H. & A.S.W. Rosenbach Foundation Museum'' (Philadelphia, 1973), No. 44. A highly reduced facsimile also appeared in ''The Sunday Times'', 5 December 1982. Source: {{cite web \|title=The Rosenbach Museum & Library, numbers 1 through 239 \|website=Catalogue of English Literary Manuscripts (CELM) \|url=http://www.celm-ms.org.uk/repositories/rosenbach-1.html \|access-date=1 May 2019}} }}		The foundation of the '''Theatre Royal, Covent Garden''' lies in the [[letters patent]] awarded by [[Charles II of England\|Charles II]] to Sir [[William Davenant]] in 1662, allowing Davenant to operate one of only two [[patent theatre]] companies (''The [[Duke's Company]]'') in London. The letters patent remained in the possession of the patentees' heirs until the 19th century. Their whereabouts were unknown for some time, but as of 2019 they are held in the [[Rosenbach Museum & Library]], [[Philadelphia]].<ref>{{Cite web \|url=https://www.british-history.ac.uk/survey-london/vol35/pp1-8 \|title=The Killigrew and Davenant Patents \| British History Online \|website=www.british-history.ac.uk \|access-date=7 August 2019 \|archive-date=7 August 2019 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190807232400/https://www.british-history.ac.uk/survey-london/vol35/pp1-8 \|url-status=live }}</ref>{{refn\|The original letters patent by Charles II, 15 January 1661/2 (illuminated, on vellum), authorizing Sir William Davenant to form a company of actors, are held in the [[Rosenbach Museum & Library]], [[Philadelphia]]. The charter is illustrated in Clive E. Driver, ''A Selection from our Shelves: Books, manuscripts and drawings from the Philip H. & A.S.W. Rosenbach Foundation Museum'' (Philadelphia, 1973), No. 44. A highly reduced facsimile also appeared in ''The Sunday Times'', 5 December 1982. Source: {{cite web \|title=The Rosenbach Museum & Library, numbers 1 through 239 \|website=Catalogue of English Literary Manuscripts (CELM) \|url=http://www.celm-ms.org.uk/repositories/rosenbach-1.html \|access-date=1 May 2019}} }}

	===First theatre===		===First theatre===
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	Costa and his successors presented all operas in Italian, even those originally written in French, German or English, until 1892, when [[Gustav Mahler]] presented the debut of Wagner's [[Ring cycle]] at Covent Garden.{{sfn\|Parker\|1900\|p=39}}<ref>[[Anton Seidl]] had conducted the very first Ring in England (sung in German) at [[Her Majesty's Theatre]] from 5–9 May 1882. Source: {{cite journal \|journal=The Musical Times \|volume=47 \|issue=763 \|title=Wagner's Music in England \|author=F. G. E. [F. G. Edwards] \|date=1 September 1906 \|page=593 \|doi=10.2307/903478 \|jstor=903478}} (Free registration required)</ref> The word "Italian" was then quietly dropped from the name of the opera house.<ref name=Ivanhoe>Gordon-Powell, Robin. ''Ivanhoe'', full score, Introduction, vol. I, p. VIII, 2008, The Amber Ring</ref>		Costa and his successors presented all operas in Italian, even those originally written in French, German or English, until 1892, when [[Gustav Mahler]] presented the debut of Wagner's [[Ring cycle]] at Covent Garden.{{sfn\|Parker\|1900\|p=39}}<ref>[[Anton Seidl]] had conducted the very first Ring in England (sung in German) at [[Her Majesty's Theatre]] from 5–9 May 1882. Source: {{cite journal \|journal=The Musical Times \|volume=47 \|issue=763 \|title=Wagner's Music in England \|author=F. G. E. [F. G. Edwards] \|date=1 September 1906 \|page=593 \|doi=10.2307/903478 \|jstor=903478}} (Free registration required)</ref> The word "Italian" was then quietly dropped from the name of the opera house.<ref name=Ivanhoe>Gordon-Powell, Robin. ''Ivanhoe'', full score, Introduction, vol. I, p. VIII, 2008, The Amber Ring</ref>

	The conjuror [[John Henry Anderson]], who had exposed the [[Davenport brothers]], leased the theatre to stage his shows which were critical of [[mediumship\|mediums]] and [[Spiritualism (beliefs)\|spiritualism]]. After a gala performance and ''[[masked ball\|bal masqué]]'' organised by Anderson, the theatre caught fire in the early hours of 5 March 1856 and was destroyed.<ref>{{cite book \|ref={{harvid\|Sheppard\|1970b\|}} <!-- {{sfn\|Sheppard\|1970b \|loc=pp. 71-85, para. ¶ }} --> \|editor-last=Sheppard \|editor-first=F. H. W. \|chapter=Covent Garden Theatre and the Royal Opera House: Management \|series=Survey of London: Volume 35 \|title=The Theatre Royal, Drury Lane, and the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden \|place=London \|publisher=London County Council \|year=1970 \|others=British History Online \|pages=71-85, para. ¶47 \|url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/survey-london/vol35/pp71-85 \|access-date=15 April 2017 }}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web \|url=https://www.roh.org.uk/learning/learning-platform/unit/a-history-of-the-royal-opera-house/ \|title=A History of the Royal Opera House \|website=Royal Opera House }}</ref>		The conjuror [[John Henry Anderson]], who had exposed the [[Davenport brothers]], leased the theatre to stage his shows which were critical of [[mediumship\|mediums]] and [[Spiritualism (beliefs)\|spiritualism]]. After a gala performance and ''[[masked ball\|bal masqué]]'' organised by Anderson, the theatre caught fire in the early hours of 5 March 1856 and was destroyed.<ref>{{cite book \|ref={{harvid\|Sheppard\|1970b\|}} <!-- {{sfn\|Sheppard\|1970b \|loc=pp. 71-85, para. ¶ }} --> \|editor-last=Sheppard \|editor-first=F. H. W. \|chapter=Covent Garden Theatre and the Royal Opera House: Management \|series=Survey of London: Volume 35 \|title=The Theatre Royal, Drury Lane, and the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden \|place=London \|publisher=London County Council \|year=1970 \|others=British History Online \|pages=71-85, para. ¶47 \|url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/survey-london/vol35/pp71-85 \|access-date=15 April 2017 \|archive-date=17 February 2017 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170217195830/http://www.british-history.ac.uk/survey-london/vol35/pp71-85 \|url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web \|url=https://www.roh.org.uk/learning/learning-platform/unit/a-history-of-the-royal-opera-house/ \|title=A History of the Royal Opera House \|website=Royal Opera House }}</ref>

	===Third theatre===		===Third theatre===

Abductive: Template. WP:MOS stuff.

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Template. WP:MOS stuff.

Show changes

Nick Levine: /* External links */ change website

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External links: change website

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	==External links==		==External links==
	{{Commons category\|Royal Opera House Covent Garden}}		{{Commons category\|Royal Opera House Covent Garden}}
	* {{Official\|http://www.~~roh~~.org.uk}}		* {{Official\|http://www.rbo.org.uk}}
	* [http://www.rohcollections.org.uk/ Royal Opera House Collections Online (Archive Collections Catalogue and Performance Database)]		* [http://www.rohcollections.org.uk/ Royal Opera House Collections Online (Archive Collections Catalogue and Performance Database)]
	* [http://www.streetsensation.co.uk/sights/royal_opera_house.htm Royal Opera House elevation]		* [http://www.streetsensation.co.uk/sights/royal_opera_house.htm Royal Opera House elevation]

Nick Levine: /* top */ Name has changed

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top: Name has changed

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	}}		}}

	The '''Royal Opera House''' ('''ROH''') is a historic [[opera house]] and major performing arts venue in [[Covent Garden]], [[central London]]. The large building is often referred to as simply '''Covent Garden''', after a previous use of the site. It is the home of [[The Royal Opera]], [[The Royal Ballet]], and the Orchestra of the Royal Opera House. The first theatre on the site, the '''Theatre Royal''' (1732), served primarily as a playhouse for the first hundred years of its history. In 1734, the first ballet was presented. A year later, the first season of operas, by [[George Frideric Handel]], began. Many of his operas and [[oratorio]]s were specifically written for Covent Garden and had their premieres there.		The '''Royal Ballet and Opera''', formerly the '''Royal Opera House''' ('''ROH'''), is a historic [[opera house]] and major performing arts venue in [[Covent Garden]], [[central London]]. The large building is often referred to as simply '''Covent Garden''', after a previous use of the site. It is the home of [[The Royal Opera]], [[The Royal Ballet]], and the Orchestra of the Royal Opera House. The first theatre on the site, the '''Theatre Royal''' (1732), served primarily as a playhouse for the first hundred years of its history. In 1734, the first ballet was presented. A year later, the first season of operas, by [[George Frideric Handel]], began. Many of his operas and [[oratorio]]s were specifically written for Covent Garden and had their premieres there.

	The current building is the third theatre on the site, following disastrous fires in 1808 and 1856 to previous buildings.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web\|url=https://londonist.com/london/theatre-and-arts/secrets-of-the-royal-opera-house\|title=11 Secrets of London's Royal Opera House\|website=Londonist\|date=16 February 2017 }}</ref> The [[façade]], [[foyer]], and [[auditorium]] date from 1858, but almost every other element of the present complex dates from an extensive reconstruction in the 1990s. The main auditorium seats 2,256 people, making it the third largest in London, and consists of four tiers of [[box (theatre)\|box]]es and [[balcony\|balconies]] and the [[amphitheatre]] gallery. The [[proscenium]] is {{convert\|14.80\|m\|ftin}} wide, with the stage of the same depth and {{convert\|12.20\|m\|ftin}} high. The main auditorium is a Grade I [[listed building]].<ref>[http://www.theatrestrust.org.uk/resources/theatres/show/443-royal-opera-house-london "Royal Opera House (London)"] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160323220921/http://www.theatrestrust.org.uk/resources/theatres/show/443-royal-opera-house-london \|date=23 March 2016 }} description on theatrestrust.org.uk Retrieved 10 May 2013</ref>		The current building is the third theatre on the site, following disastrous fires in 1808 and 1856 to previous buildings.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web\|url=https://londonist.com/london/theatre-and-arts/secrets-of-the-royal-opera-house\|title=11 Secrets of London's Royal Opera House\|website=Londonist\|date=16 February 2017 }}</ref> The [[façade]], [[foyer]], and [[auditorium]] date from 1858, but almost every other element of the present complex dates from an extensive reconstruction in the 1990s. The main auditorium seats 2,256 people, making it the third largest in London, and consists of four tiers of [[box (theatre)\|box]]es and [[balcony\|balconies]] and the [[amphitheatre]] gallery. The [[proscenium]] is {{convert\|14.80\|m\|ftin}} wide, with the stage of the same depth and {{convert\|12.20\|m\|ftin}} high. The main auditorium is a Grade I [[listed building]].<ref>[http://www.theatrestrust.org.uk/resources/theatres/show/443-royal-opera-house-london "Royal Opera House (London)"] {{Webarchive\|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160323220921/http://www.theatrestrust.org.uk/resources/theatres/show/443-royal-opera-house-london \|date=23 March 2016 }} description on theatrestrust.org.uk Retrieved 10 May 2013</ref>

			The Royal Opera House was rebranded as the Royal Ballet and Opera in 2024.<ref>{{cite news\|url= https://amp.theguardian.com/culture/2024/apr/30/royal-ballet-and-opera-announces-ambitious-new-season-and-name-change-2024-25\|title= Royal Ballet and Opera announces ambitious new season – and name change\|date=30 April 2024\|access-date=17 September 2024}}</ref>

	==History==		==History==

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	In 1852, [[Louis Antoine Jullien]] the French eccentric composer of light music and conductor presented an opera of his own composition, ''Pietro il Grande''. Five performances were given of the 'spectacular', including live horses on the stage and very loud music. Critics considered it a complete failure and Jullien was ruined and fled to America.<ref>[http://louisjullien.site.voila.fr ''Louis-Antoine Jullien'' (in French)] {{Webarchive \|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100111101604/http://louisjullien.site.voila.fr/ \|date=11 January 2010 }} accessed 21 December 2007.</ref><ref>{{cite EB1911\|wstitle=Jullien, Louis Antoine \|volume=15 \|page=551 }}</ref>		In 1852, [[Louis Antoine Jullien]] the French eccentric composer of light music and conductor presented an opera of his own composition, ''Pietro il Grande''. Five performances were given of the 'spectacular', including live horses on the stage and very loud music. Critics considered it a complete failure and Jullien was ruined and fled to America.<ref>[http://louisjullien.site.voila.fr ''Louis-Antoine Jullien'' (in French)] {{Webarchive \|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100111101604/http://louisjullien.site.voila.fr/ \|date=11 January 2010 }} accessed 21 December 2007.</ref><ref>{{cite EB1911\|wstitle=Jullien, Louis Antoine \|volume=15 \|page=551 }}</ref>
			[[File:Queen Victoria and Napoleon III at the Royal Opera House 19 April 1855.jpg\|thumb\|[[Queen Victoria]] and [[Napoleon III]] at the Royal Opera House on 19 April 1855]]
	[[File:~~Fire~~ of ~~1856~~ at Covent Garden ~~Theatre~~.~~jpeg~~\|thumb\|180px\|The fire of 5 March 1856]]		[[File:Total Destruction of the Theatre Royal Covent Garden, by Fire (BM 1880,1113.3107).jpg\|thumb\|180px\|The fire of 5 March 1856]]

	Costa and his successors presented all operas in Italian, even those originally written in French, German or English, until 1892, when [[Gustav Mahler]] presented the debut of Wagner's [[Ring cycle]] at Covent Garden.{{sfn\|Parker\|1900\|p=39}}<ref>[[Anton Seidl]] had conducted the very first Ring in England (sung in German) at [[Her Majesty's Theatre]] from 5–9 May 1882. Source: {{cite journal \|journal=The Musical Times \|volume=47 \|issue=763 \|title=Wagner's Music in England \|author=F. G. E. [F. G. Edwards] \|date=1 September 1906 \|page=593 \|doi=10.2307/903478 \|jstor=903478}} (Free registration required)</ref> The word "Italian" was then quietly dropped from the name of the opera house.<ref name=Ivanhoe>Gordon-Powell, Robin. ''Ivanhoe'', full score, Introduction, vol. I, p. VIII, 2008, The Amber Ring</ref>		Costa and his successors presented all operas in Italian, even those originally written in French, German or English, until 1892, when [[Gustav Mahler]] presented the debut of Wagner's [[Ring cycle]] at Covent Garden.{{sfn\|Parker\|1900\|p=39}}<ref>[[Anton Seidl]] had conducted the very first Ring in England (sung in German) at [[Her Majesty's Theatre]] from 5–9 May 1882. Source: {{cite journal \|journal=The Musical Times \|volume=47 \|issue=763 \|title=Wagner's Music in England \|author=F. G. E. [F. G. Edwards] \|date=1 September 1906 \|page=593 \|doi=10.2307/903478 \|jstor=903478}} (Free registration required)</ref> The word "Italian" was then quietly dropped from the name of the opera house.<ref name=Ivanhoe>Gordon-Powell, Robin. ''Ivanhoe'', full score, Introduction, vol. I, p. VIII, 2008, The Amber Ring</ref>