Small arms trade - Revision history

LoVeloDogs: removed double spaces

2023-08-30T00:46:38Z

removed double spaces

OAbot: Open access bot: doi added to citation with #oabot.

2023-08-13T06:26:28Z

Open access bot: doi added to citation with #oabot.

← Previous revision		Revision as of 06:26, 13 August 2023
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	==Impact on Africa==		==Impact on Africa==
	The persistence and the complication of wars in Africa is sometimes blamed on small arms proliferation. A comparison between the murder rates in pre- and post-colonial would help determine the impact of small arms proliferation. Africa Researchers for the Small Arms Survey estimate that approximately 30 million firearms are being circulated throughout Africa. This number is much less than the total number of small arms in Europe, estimated to be 84 million. However, the number of small arms isn't as important in comparison to how they are being used. The Small Arms Survey reports that at least 38 different companies are producing small arms in Sub-Saharan Africa, yet indigenous companies are not fulfilling the demands. South Africa is the largest exporter of small arms in the region, but only $6 million in small arms were exported out of the country, while $25 million in small arms were imported into the continent in 2005. Beyond legal trade, the illicit trade of small arms and light weapons also has a great effect on Africa. Many of the illicit trade among small arms in Africa can be attributed to post-conflict removal and movement of weapons. This illegal transfer of weapons from country-to-country has been seen to incite conflict in bordering regions by the same armed groups. An example of this can be seen in the conflicts ranging from Liberia, moving towards Sierra-Leone, the Ivory Coast, and finally to Guinea. Another illicit trade of small arms is seen in craft production. Reports from arms analysts Matt Schroeder and Guy Lamb suggest that the country Ghana has the potential to yield 200,000 new weapons every year.<ref>{{cite journal\|last1=Stohl\|first1=Rachel\|last2=Myerscough\|first2=Rhea\|title=Sub-Saharan Small Arms: The Damage Continues\|journal=Current History\|date=May 2007\|volume=106\|issue=700\|pages=227–228\|doi=10.1525/curh.2007.106.700.227}}</ref>		The persistence and the complication of wars in Africa is sometimes blamed on small arms proliferation. A comparison between the murder rates in pre- and post-colonial would help determine the impact of small arms proliferation. Africa Researchers for the Small Arms Survey estimate that approximately 30 million firearms are being circulated throughout Africa. This number is much less than the total number of small arms in Europe, estimated to be 84 million. However, the number of small arms isn't as important in comparison to how they are being used. The Small Arms Survey reports that at least 38 different companies are producing small arms in Sub-Saharan Africa, yet indigenous companies are not fulfilling the demands. South Africa is the largest exporter of small arms in the region, but only $6 million in small arms were exported out of the country, while $25 million in small arms were imported into the continent in 2005. Beyond legal trade, the illicit trade of small arms and light weapons also has a great effect on Africa. Many of the illicit trade among small arms in Africa can be attributed to post-conflict removal and movement of weapons. This illegal transfer of weapons from country-to-country has been seen to incite conflict in bordering regions by the same armed groups. An example of this can be seen in the conflicts ranging from Liberia, moving towards Sierra-Leone, the Ivory Coast, and finally to Guinea. Another illicit trade of small arms is seen in craft production. Reports from arms analysts Matt Schroeder and Guy Lamb suggest that the country Ghana has the potential to yield 200,000 new weapons every year.<ref>{{cite journal\|last1=Stohl\|first1=Rachel\|last2=Myerscough\|first2=Rhea\|title=Sub-Saharan Small Arms: The Damage Continues\|journal=Current History\|date=May 2007\|volume=106\|issue=700\|pages=227–228\|doi=10.1525/curh.2007.106.700.227\|doi-access=free}}</ref>

	The consequences of small arms on African people due to international conflicts within Africa, rebel group activities, mercenary groups, and armed gang activities have yet to be fully measured, although Stockholm Peace Research Institute means transparency and information-sharing regarding arms transfers in the region will build trust and confidence.<ref>[https://www.sipri.org/publications/2018/sipri-policy-papers/military-expenditure-transparency-sub-saharan-africa Military Expenditure Transparency in Sub Saharan Africa] SIPRI. Retrieved 2019-12-18.</ref> The International Action Network on Small Arms, Saferworld, and Oxfam International put it in perspective when they reported that armed conflict cost Africa $18 billion each year and about US$300 billion between 1990 and 2005. During this period, 23 African nations experienced war: Algeria, Angola, Burundi, Central Africa Republic, Chad, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Republic of Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, and Uganda.<ref name=Jacques090602>{{cite web \|url=http://www.afjn.org/focus-campaigns/militarization-us-africa-policy/105-commentary/648-impact-of-small-arms-proliferation-on-africa.html \|title=Impact of Small Arms Proliferation on Africa \|last=Jacques \|first=Bahati \|date=June 2, 2009 \|website=afjn.org \|publisher=Africa Faith & Justice Network }}</ref>		The consequences of small arms on African people due to international conflicts within Africa, rebel group activities, mercenary groups, and armed gang activities have yet to be fully measured, although Stockholm Peace Research Institute means transparency and information-sharing regarding arms transfers in the region will build trust and confidence.<ref>[https://www.sipri.org/publications/2018/sipri-policy-papers/military-expenditure-transparency-sub-saharan-africa Military Expenditure Transparency in Sub Saharan Africa] SIPRI. Retrieved 2019-12-18.</ref> The International Action Network on Small Arms, Saferworld, and Oxfam International put it in perspective when they reported that armed conflict cost Africa $18 billion each year and about US$300 billion between 1990 and 2005. During this period, 23 African nations experienced war: Algeria, Angola, Burundi, Central Africa Republic, Chad, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Republic of Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, and Uganda.<ref name=Jacques090602>{{cite web \|url=http://www.afjn.org/focus-campaigns/militarization-us-africa-policy/105-commentary/648-impact-of-small-arms-proliferation-on-africa.html \|title=Impact of Small Arms Proliferation on Africa \|last=Jacques \|first=Bahati \|date=June 2, 2009 \|website=afjn.org \|publisher=Africa Faith & Justice Network }}</ref>

Onel5969: clean up, typo(s) fixed: between 1990-2005 → between 1990 and 2005

2023-08-04T00:48:11Z

clean up, typo(s) fixed: between 1990-2005 → between 1990 and 2005

← Previous revision		Revision as of 00:48, 4 August 2023
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	==Impact on Africa==		==Impact on Africa==
	The persistence and the complication of wars in Africa is sometimes blamed on small arms proliferation. A comparison between the murder rates in pre- and post-colonial would help determine the impact of small arms proliferation. Africa Researchers for the Small Arms Survey estimate that approximately 30 million firearms are being circulated throughout Africa. This number is much less than the total number of small arms in Europe, estimated to be 84 million. However, the number of small arms isn't as important in comparison to how they are being used. The Small Arms Survey reports that at least 38 different companies are producing small arms in Sub-Saharan Africa, yet indigenous companies are not fulfilling the demands. South Africa is the largest exporter of small arms in the region, but only $6 million in small arms were exported out of the country, while $25 million in small arms were imported into the continent in 2005. Beyond legal trade, the illicit trade of small arms and light weapons also has a great effect on Africa. Many of the illicit trade among small arms in Africa can be attributed to post-conflict removal and movement of weapons. This illegal transfer of weapons from country-to-country has been seen to incite conflict in bordering regions by the same armed groups. An example of this can be seen in the conflicts ranging from Liberia, moving towards Sierra-Leone, the Ivory Coast, and finally to Guinea. Another illicit trade of small arms is seen in craft production. Reports from arms analysts Matt Schroeder and Guy Lamb suggest that the country Ghana has the potential to yield 200,000 new weapons every year.<ref>{{cite journal\|last1=Stohl\|first1=Rachel\|last2=Myerscough\|first2=Rhea\|title=Sub-Saharan Small Arms: The Damage Continues\|journal=Current History\|date=May 2007\|volume=106\|issue=700\|pages=227–228\|doi=10.1525/curh.2007.106.700.227}}</ref>		The persistence and the complication of wars in Africa is sometimes blamed on small arms proliferation. A comparison between the murder rates in pre- and post-colonial would help determine the impact of small arms proliferation. Africa Researchers for the Small Arms Survey estimate that approximately 30 million firearms are being circulated throughout Africa. This number is much less than the total number of small arms in Europe, estimated to be 84 million. However, the number of small arms isn't as important in comparison to how they are being used. The Small Arms Survey reports that at least 38 different companies are producing small arms in Sub-Saharan Africa, yet indigenous companies are not fulfilling the demands. South Africa is the largest exporter of small arms in the region, but only $6 million in small arms were exported out of the country, while $25 million in small arms were imported into the continent in 2005. Beyond legal trade, the illicit trade of small arms and light weapons also has a great effect on Africa. Many of the illicit trade among small arms in Africa can be attributed to post-conflict removal and movement of weapons. This illegal transfer of weapons from country-to-country has been seen to incite conflict in bordering regions by the same armed groups. An example of this can be seen in the conflicts ranging from Liberia, moving towards Sierra-Leone, the Ivory Coast, and finally to Guinea. Another illicit trade of small arms is seen in craft production. Reports from arms analysts Matt Schroeder and Guy Lamb suggest that the country Ghana has the potential to yield 200,000 new weapons every year.<ref>{{cite journal\|last1=Stohl\|first1=Rachel\|last2=Myerscough\|first2=Rhea\|title=Sub-Saharan Small Arms: The Damage Continues\|journal=Current History\|date=May 2007\|volume=106\|issue=700\|pages=227–228\|doi=10.1525/curh.2007.106.700.227}}</ref>

	The consequences of small arms on African people due to international conflicts within Africa, rebel group activities, mercenary groups, and armed gang activities have yet to be fully measured, although Stockholm Peace Research Institute means transparency and information-sharing regarding arms transfers in the region will build trust and confidence.<ref>[https://www.sipri.org/publications/2018/sipri-policy-papers/military-expenditure-transparency-sub-saharan-africa Military Expenditure Transparency in Sub Saharan Africa] SIPRI. Retrieved 2019-12-18.</ref> The International Action Network on Small Arms, Saferworld, and Oxfam International put it in perspective when they reported that armed conflict cost Africa $18 billion each year and about US$300 billion between 1990-2005. During this period, 23 African nations experienced war: Algeria, Angola, Burundi, Central Africa Republic, Chad, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Republic of Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, and Uganda.<ref name=Jacques090602>{{cite web \|url=http://www.afjn.org/focus-campaigns/militarization-us-africa-policy/105-commentary/648-impact-of-small-arms-proliferation-on-africa.html \|title=Impact of Small Arms Proliferation on Africa \|last=Jacques \|first=Bahati \|date=June 2, 2009 \|website=afjn.org \|publisher=Africa Faith & Justice Network }}</ref>		The consequences of small arms on African people due to international conflicts within Africa, rebel group activities, mercenary groups, and armed gang activities have yet to be fully measured, although Stockholm Peace Research Institute means transparency and information-sharing regarding arms transfers in the region will build trust and confidence.<ref>[https://www.sipri.org/publications/2018/sipri-policy-papers/military-expenditure-transparency-sub-saharan-africa Military Expenditure Transparency in Sub Saharan Africa] SIPRI. Retrieved 2019-12-18.</ref> The International Action Network on Small Arms, Saferworld, and Oxfam International put it in perspective when they reported that armed conflict cost Africa $18 billion each year and about US$300 billion between 1990 and 2005. During this period, 23 African nations experienced war: Algeria, Angola, Burundi, Central Africa Republic, Chad, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Republic of Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, and Uganda.<ref name=Jacques090602>{{cite web \|url=http://www.afjn.org/focus-campaigns/militarization-us-africa-policy/105-commentary/648-impact-of-small-arms-proliferation-on-africa.html \|title=Impact of Small Arms Proliferation on Africa \|last=Jacques \|first=Bahati \|date=June 2, 2009 \|website=afjn.org \|publisher=Africa Faith & Justice Network }}</ref>

	==See also==		==See also==
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	{{Firearms}}		{{Firearms}}
⚫	{{DEFAULTSORT:Small Arms Proliferation}}

		⚫	{{DEFAULTSORT:Small Arms Proliferation}}
	[[Category:Arms control]]		[[Category:Arms control]]
	[[Category:Arms trafficking\| ]]		[[Category:Arms trafficking\| ]]

Maxeto0910: Added short description.

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Added short description.

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			{{short description\|Markets of authorized and illicit small arms and light weapons}}
	The '''small arms trade''' (also called '''small arms proliferation'''<ref name=AI031009>{{cite web \|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> \|date=October 9, 2003 \|title=Amnesty International, Oxfam, IANSA Control Arms Campaign Media Briefing: key facts and figures \|url=http://web.amnesty.org/library/index/ENGPOL300182003 \|publisher=Amnesty International \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040318193244/http://web.amnesty.org/library/Index/ENGPOL300182003 \|archive-date=March 18, 2004 \|access-date=August 30, 2006 \|quote=Civil society and local government agencies to take effective action to improve safety at community level, by reducing the local availability and demand for arms.}}</ref> and the '''small arms market''') is the markets of both authorized and illicit [[Small Arms and Light Weapons\|small arms and light weapons]] (SALW), as well as their parts, accessories, and ammunition.		The '''small arms trade''' (also called '''small arms proliferation'''<ref name=AI031009>{{cite web \|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> \|date=October 9, 2003 \|title=Amnesty International, Oxfam, IANSA Control Arms Campaign Media Briefing: key facts and figures \|url=http://web.amnesty.org/library/index/ENGPOL300182003 \|publisher=Amnesty International \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040318193244/http://web.amnesty.org/library/Index/ENGPOL300182003 \|archive-date=March 18, 2004 \|access-date=August 30, 2006 \|quote=Civil society and local government agencies to take effective action to improve safety at community level, by reducing the local availability and demand for arms.}}</ref> and the '''small arms market''') is the markets of both authorized and illicit [[Small Arms and Light Weapons\|small arms and light weapons]] (SALW), as well as their parts, accessories, and ammunition.

Graham87: rv disruptive category editor; if this edit is a false positive, feel free to revert me

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rv disruptive category editor; if this edit is a false positive, feel free to revert me

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 The consequences of small arms on African people due to international conflicts within Africa, rebel group activities, mercenary groups, and armed gang activities have yet to be fully measured, although Stockholm Peace Research Institute means transparency and information-sharing regarding arms transfers in the region will build trust and confidence.<ref>[https://www.sipri.org/publications/2018/sipri-policy-papers/military-expenditure-transparency-sub-saharan-africa Military Expenditure Transparency in Sub Saharan Africa] SIPRI. Retrieved 2019-12-18.</ref> The International Action Network on Small Arms, Saferworld, and Oxfam International put it in perspective when they reported that armed conflict cost Africa $18 billion each year and about US$300 billion between 1990-2005. During this period, 23 African nations experienced war: Algeria, Angola, Burundi, Central Africa Republic, Chad, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Republic of Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, and Uganda.<ref name=Jacques090602>{{cite web |url=http://www.afjn.org/focus-campaigns/militarization-us-africa-policy/105-commentary/648-impact-of-small-arms-proliferation-on-africa.html |title=Impact of Small Arms Proliferation on Africa |last=Jacques |first=Bahati |date=June 2, 2009 |website=afjn.org |publisher=Africa Faith & Justice Network }}</ref>
 ==References==
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 [[Category:Organized crime activity]]
 [[Category:Small arms]]
-[[Category:Trade by commodity]]
+[[Category:Smuggling]]

AlexBalder01: −Category:Smuggling; −Category:Weapons trade; +Category:Trade by commodity using HotCat

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−Category:Smuggling; −Category:Weapons trade; +Category:Trade by commodity using HotCat

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 The consequences of small arms on African people due to international conflicts within Africa, rebel group activities, mercenary groups, and armed gang activities have yet to be fully measured, although Stockholm Peace Research Institute means transparency and information-sharing regarding arms transfers in the region will build trust and confidence.<ref>[https://www.sipri.org/publications/2018/sipri-policy-papers/military-expenditure-transparency-sub-saharan-africa Military Expenditure Transparency in Sub Saharan Africa] SIPRI. Retrieved 2019-12-18.</ref> The International Action Network on Small Arms, Saferworld, and Oxfam International put it in perspective when they reported that armed conflict cost Africa $18 billion each year and about US$300 billion between 1990-2005. During this period, 23 African nations experienced war: Algeria, Angola, Burundi, Central Africa Republic, Chad, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Republic of Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, and Uganda.<ref name=Jacques090602>{{cite web |url=http://www.afjn.org/focus-campaigns/militarization-us-africa-policy/105-commentary/648-impact-of-small-arms-proliferation-on-africa.html |title=Impact of Small Arms Proliferation on Africa |last=Jacques |first=Bahati |date=June 2, 2009 |website=afjn.org |publisher=Africa Faith & Justice Network }}</ref>
 ==References==
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 [[Category:Organized crime activity]]
 [[Category:Small arms]]
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Citation bot: Alter: title. | Use this bot. Report bugs. | Suggested by Superegz | Category:Gun politics | #UCB_Category 26/41

2022-12-14T00:18:20Z

Alter: title. | Use this bot. Report bugs. | Suggested by Superegz | Category:Gun politics | #UCB_Category 26/41

← Previous revision		Revision as of 00:18, 14 December 2022
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	There is tremendous variability in the adoption of [[gun control]] with respect to individual civilian ownership, and international [[arms control]], in different regions across the globe. The right to bear arms is a right guaranteed under the Constitution of the United States and gun ownership for purposes other than hunting is prevalent and socially acceptable. [[Non-governmental organisations]] such as [[IANSA (NGO)\|IANSA]] argue that the prevalence of small arms contributes to the cycle of violence between governments and individuals. The [[U.S. Supreme Court]] has ruled (most notably in [[Antonin Scalia]]'s majority opinion in ''[[District of Columbia v. Heller]]''<ref>{{Cite web \| url=http://europe.newsweek.com/antonin-scalia-ronald-reagan-supreme-court-orlando-shooting-newtown-sandy-hook-472460?rm=eu \| title=How Antonin Scalia helped shape today's gun control reform debate\| date=20 June 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web \| url=https://www.thetrace.org/2016/02/antonin-scalia-legacy-gun-rights/ \|title = Scalia's Second Amendment Legacy Will Likely Stand. Gun Reformers Should be OK with That\|date = 15 February 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.law.cornell.edu/supct/html/07-290.ZO.html\|title=Scalia in Heller\|accessdate=March 25, 2013}}</ref>) that due to the [[Second Amendment to the United States Constitution]], the legislative and executive branches of both the federal and state governments are limited in their abilities to regulate gun ownership.<ref>{{Cite web \| url=https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2015/12/guns-have-always-been-regulated/420531/ \|title = Guns Have Always Been Regulated\|website = [[The Atlantic]]\|date = 17 December 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://bigthink.com/risk-reason-and-reality/the-supreme-court-ruling-on-the-2nd-amendment-did-not-grant-an-unlimited-right-to-own-guns\|title = The Supreme Court Ruling on the 2nd Amendment Did NOT Grant an Unlimited Right to Own Guns}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/jurisprudence/2016/06/how_the_nra_perverted_the_meaning_of_the_2nd_amendment.html\|title = How the NRA and Conservatives Perverted the Meaning of the Right to Bear Arms\|date = 13 June 2016}}</ref>		There is tremendous variability in the adoption of [[gun control]] with respect to individual civilian ownership, and international [[arms control]], in different regions across the globe. The right to bear arms is a right guaranteed under the Constitution of the United States and gun ownership for purposes other than hunting is prevalent and socially acceptable. [[Non-governmental organisations]] such as [[IANSA (NGO)\|IANSA]] argue that the prevalence of small arms contributes to the cycle of violence between governments and individuals. The [[U.S. Supreme Court]] has ruled (most notably in [[Antonin Scalia]]'s majority opinion in ''[[District of Columbia v. Heller]]''<ref>{{Cite web \| url=http://europe.newsweek.com/antonin-scalia-ronald-reagan-supreme-court-orlando-shooting-newtown-sandy-hook-472460?rm=eu \| title=How Antonin Scalia helped shape today's gun control reform debate\| date=20 June 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web \| url=https://www.thetrace.org/2016/02/antonin-scalia-legacy-gun-rights/ \|title = Scalia's Second Amendment Legacy Will Likely Stand. Gun Reformers Should be OK with That\|date = 15 February 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.law.cornell.edu/supct/html/07-290.ZO.html\|title=Scalia in Heller\|accessdate=March 25, 2013}}</ref>) that due to the [[Second Amendment to the United States Constitution]], the legislative and executive branches of both the federal and state governments are limited in their abilities to regulate gun ownership.<ref>{{Cite web \| url=https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2015/12/guns-have-always-been-regulated/420531/ \|title = Guns Have Always Been Regulated\|website = [[The Atlantic]]\|date = 17 December 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://bigthink.com/risk-reason-and-reality/the-supreme-court-ruling-on-the-2nd-amendment-did-not-grant-an-unlimited-right-to-own-guns\|title = The Supreme Court Ruling on the 2nd Amendment Did NOT Grant an Unlimited Right to Own Guns}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/jurisprudence/2016/06/how_the_nra_perverted_the_meaning_of_the_2nd_amendment.html\|title = How the NRA and Conservatives Perverted the Meaning of the Right to Bear Arms\|date = 13 June 2016}}</ref>

	U.S. [[Gun politics in the United States\|gun rights]] [[lobbyist\|lobby groups]], most notably the [[National Rifle Association of America]] and [[Jews for the Preservation of Firearms Ownership]], assert that access to gun ownership is often necessary for [[self-defence]], including defence against government intrusion into private citizen's lives. The [[Jews for the Preservation of Firearms Ownership\|JPFO]] asserts that confiscation of private firearms is a necessary but not sufficient condition for tyranny, and draws parallels between contemporary efforts to register and confiscate guns and the actions of the National Socialist German Workers Party during the lead up to the Second World War (see: [[Nazi gun control argument]]).<ref>{{cite web \|title="Gun ~~Control’s~~" Nazi Connection \|url=https://jpfo.org/filegen-a-m/GCA_68.htm \|website=Jews for the Preservation of Firearms Ownership \|access-date=27 September 2022 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080603001238/https://jpfo.org/filegen-a-m/GCA_68.htm \|archive-date=3 June 2008 \|date=May 1993 \|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web \|author1=Ellis Washington \|title=The Nazi roots of U.S. gun-control laws \|url=https://jpfo.org/articles-assd03/nazi-roots-of-usgc.htm \|website=Jews for the Preservation of Firearms Ownership \|access-date=27 September 2022 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130107035317/https://jpfo.org/articles-assd03/nazi-roots-of-usgc.htm \|archive-date=7 January 2013 \|language=English \|date=29 December 2012 \|url-status=live}}</ref> Similarly, gun ownership is widely held by many in Pakistan to be a necessary protection against crime<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB123120431026355961\|title=For Middle-Class Pakistanis, a Gun Is a Must-Have Accessory\|author=Peter Wonacott\|date=6 January 2009\|work=WSJ}}</ref> as well as a way through which citizens can participate in law enforcement.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://dawn.com/2012/04/30/trading-bullets-in-a-gun-friendly-nation/\|title=Trading bullets in a gun-friendly nation\|author=Hammad Ahmad Abbasi}}</ref>		U.S. [[Gun politics in the United States\|gun rights]] [[lobbyist\|lobby groups]], most notably the [[National Rifle Association of America]] and [[Jews for the Preservation of Firearms Ownership]], assert that access to gun ownership is often necessary for [[self-defence]], including defence against government intrusion into private citizen's lives. The [[Jews for the Preservation of Firearms Ownership\|JPFO]] asserts that confiscation of private firearms is a necessary but not sufficient condition for tyranny, and draws parallels between contemporary efforts to register and confiscate guns and the actions of the National Socialist German Workers Party during the lead up to the Second World War (see: [[Nazi gun control argument]]).<ref>{{cite web \|title="Gun Control's" Nazi Connection \|url=https://jpfo.org/filegen-a-m/GCA_68.htm \|website=Jews for the Preservation of Firearms Ownership \|access-date=27 September 2022 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080603001238/https://jpfo.org/filegen-a-m/GCA_68.htm \|archive-date=3 June 2008 \|date=May 1993 \|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web \|author1=Ellis Washington \|title=The Nazi roots of U.S. gun-control laws \|url=https://jpfo.org/articles-assd03/nazi-roots-of-usgc.htm \|website=Jews for the Preservation of Firearms Ownership \|access-date=27 September 2022 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130107035317/https://jpfo.org/articles-assd03/nazi-roots-of-usgc.htm \|archive-date=7 January 2013 \|language=English \|date=29 December 2012 \|url-status=live}}</ref> Similarly, gun ownership is widely held by many in Pakistan to be a necessary protection against crime<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB123120431026355961\|title=For Middle-Class Pakistanis, a Gun Is a Must-Have Accessory\|author=Peter Wonacott\|date=6 January 2009\|work=WSJ}}</ref> as well as a way through which citizens can participate in law enforcement.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://dawn.com/2012/04/30/trading-bullets-in-a-gun-friendly-nation/\|title=Trading bullets in a gun-friendly nation\|author=Hammad Ahmad Abbasi}}</ref>

	[[Stephen Halbrook]], a Senior Fellow at the [[Independent Institute]] and an author and lawyer known for his litigation on behalf of the National Rifle Association,<ref>John Gibeaut, [http://www.abajournal.com/magazine/article/bringing_lawyers_guns_and_money Bringing Lawyers, Guns and Money], ABA Journal</ref><ref>Marjolijn Bijlefeld, ''People for and against gun control: a biographical reference'', Greenwood Press, 1999, [https://archive.org/details/peopleforagainst00bijl <!-- quote=Stephen Halbrook. --> pp. 105-108], {{ISBN\|0313306907}}, 9780313306907</ref> proposed that disarming citizens leaves them defenseless against totalitarian governments (such as Jews in Nazi Germany).<ref name=HalbrookNaziLaw>{{cite web \|url=http://www.stephenhalbrook.com/article-nazilaw.pdf \|title=Nazi Firearms Law and the Disarming of the German Jews \|last=Halbrook \|first=Stephen P. \|year=2000 \|website=stephenhalbrook.com \|publisher=Stephen Halbrook }}</ref>		[[Stephen Halbrook]], a Senior Fellow at the [[Independent Institute]] and an author and lawyer known for his litigation on behalf of the National Rifle Association,<ref>John Gibeaut, [http://www.abajournal.com/magazine/article/bringing_lawyers_guns_and_money Bringing Lawyers, Guns and Money], ABA Journal</ref><ref>Marjolijn Bijlefeld, ''People for and against gun control: a biographical reference'', Greenwood Press, 1999, [https://archive.org/details/peopleforagainst00bijl <!-- quote=Stephen Halbrook. --> pp. 105-108], {{ISBN\|0313306907}}, 9780313306907</ref> proposed that disarming citizens leaves them defenseless against totalitarian governments (such as Jews in Nazi Germany).<ref name=HalbrookNaziLaw>{{cite web \|url=http://www.stephenhalbrook.com/article-nazilaw.pdf \|title=Nazi Firearms Law and the Disarming of the German Jews \|last=Halbrook \|first=Stephen P. \|year=2000 \|website=stephenhalbrook.com \|publisher=Stephen Halbrook }}</ref>

Adakiko: Reverted edits by Shamir Hebron (talk) to last version by BlueNoise

2022-11-13T22:47:39Z

Reverted edits by Shamir Hebron (talk) to last version by BlueNoise

@@ Line 47: / Line 47: @@
 The consequences of small arms on African people due to international conflicts within Africa, rebel group activities, mercenary groups, and armed gang activities have yet to be fully measured, although Stockholm Peace Research Institute means transparency and information-sharing regarding arms transfers in the region will build trust and confidence.<ref>[https://www.sipri.org/publications/2018/sipri-policy-papers/military-expenditure-transparency-sub-saharan-africa Military Expenditure Transparency in Sub Saharan Africa] SIPRI. Retrieved 2019-12-18.</ref> The International Action Network on Small Arms, Saferworld, and Oxfam International put it in perspective when they reported that armed conflict cost Africa $18 billion each year and about US$300 billion between 1990-2005. During this period, 23 African nations experienced war: Algeria, Angola, Burundi, Central Africa Republic, Chad, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Republic of Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, and Uganda.<ref name=Jacques090602>{{cite web |url=http://www.afjn.org/focus-campaigns/militarization-us-africa-policy/105-commentary/648-impact-of-small-arms-proliferation-on-africa.html |title=Impact of Small Arms Proliferation on Africa |last=Jacques |first=Bahati |date=June 2, 2009 |website=afjn.org |publisher=Africa Faith & Justice Network }}</ref>
 ==References==
@@ Line 71: / Line 87: @@
 * Individual opinions on small arms control:
 ** [https://web.archive.org/web/20011111034154/http://www.nationalreview.com/kopel/kopel073001.shtml "Score One for Bush: A U.N. conference concludes without too much permanent damage"] by Dave Kopel in the ''National Review'', a U.S. conservative journal
 {{DEFAULTSORT:Small Arms Proliferation}}
 [[Category:Small arms]]
-[[Category:Trade by commodity]]
+[[Category:Smuggling]]

Shamir Hebron: − 7 categories; +Category:Trade by commodity using HotCat

2022-11-13T18:38:15Z

− 7 categories; +Category:Trade by commodity using HotCat

@@ Line 47: / Line 47: @@
 The consequences of small arms on African people due to international conflicts within Africa, rebel group activities, mercenary groups, and armed gang activities have yet to be fully measured, although Stockholm Peace Research Institute means transparency and information-sharing regarding arms transfers in the region will build trust and confidence.<ref>[https://www.sipri.org/publications/2018/sipri-policy-papers/military-expenditure-transparency-sub-saharan-africa Military Expenditure Transparency in Sub Saharan Africa] SIPRI. Retrieved 2019-12-18.</ref> The International Action Network on Small Arms, Saferworld, and Oxfam International put it in perspective when they reported that armed conflict cost Africa $18 billion each year and about US$300 billion between 1990-2005. During this period, 23 African nations experienced war: Algeria, Angola, Burundi, Central Africa Republic, Chad, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Republic of Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, and Uganda.<ref name=Jacques090602>{{cite web |url=http://www.afjn.org/focus-campaigns/militarization-us-africa-policy/105-commentary/648-impact-of-small-arms-proliferation-on-africa.html |title=Impact of Small Arms Proliferation on Africa |last=Jacques |first=Bahati |date=June 2, 2009 |website=afjn.org |publisher=Africa Faith & Justice Network }}</ref>
 ==References==
@@ Line 87: / Line 71: @@
 * Individual opinions on small arms control:
 ** [https://web.archive.org/web/20011111034154/http://www.nationalreview.com/kopel/kopel073001.shtml "Score One for Bush: A U.N. conference concludes without too much permanent damage"] by Dave Kopel in the ''National Review'', a U.S. conservative journal
 {{DEFAULTSORT:Small Arms Proliferation}}
 [[Category:Small arms]]
-[[Category:Smuggling]]
+[[Category:Trade by commodity]]

BlueNoise: Reverting edit(s) by Adrian Lyman (talk) to rev. 1117396241 by Satrar: restore last best revision - block evasion (CarlostheJackal01) (from contribs) (RW 16.1)

2022-11-01T18:48:30Z

Reverting edit(s) by Adrian Lyman (talk) to rev. 1117396241 by Satrar: restore last best revision - block evasion (CarlostheJackal01) (from contribs) (RW 16.1)

← Previous revision		Revision as of 18:48, 1 November 2022
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	[[Category:Organized crime activity]]		[[Category:Organized crime activity]]
	[[Category:Small arms]]		[[Category:Small arms]]
	[[Category:~~Trade by commodity~~]]		[[Category:Smuggling]]
	[[Category:Weapons trade]]		[[Category:Weapons trade]]

← Previous revision		Revision as of 00:18, 14 December 2022
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	There is tremendous variability in the adoption of [[gun control]] with respect to individual civilian ownership, and international [[arms control]], in different regions across the globe. The right to bear arms is a right guaranteed under the Constitution of the United States and gun ownership for purposes other than hunting is prevalent and socially acceptable. [[Non-governmental organisations]] such as [[IANSA (NGO)\|IANSA]] argue that the prevalence of small arms contributes to the cycle of violence between governments and individuals. The [[U.S. Supreme Court]] has ruled (most notably in [[Antonin Scalia]]'s majority opinion in ''[[District of Columbia v. Heller]]''<ref>{{Cite web \| url=http://europe.newsweek.com/antonin-scalia-ronald-reagan-supreme-court-orlando-shooting-newtown-sandy-hook-472460?rm=eu \| title=How Antonin Scalia helped shape today's gun control reform debate\| date=20 June 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web \| url=https://www.thetrace.org/2016/02/antonin-scalia-legacy-gun-rights/ \|title = Scalia's Second Amendment Legacy Will Likely Stand. Gun Reformers Should be OK with That\|date = 15 February 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.law.cornell.edu/supct/html/07-290.ZO.html\|title=Scalia in Heller\|accessdate=March 25, 2013}}</ref>) that due to the [[Second Amendment to the United States Constitution]], the legislative and executive branches of both the federal and state governments are limited in their abilities to regulate gun ownership.<ref>{{Cite web \| url=https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2015/12/guns-have-always-been-regulated/420531/ \|title = Guns Have Always Been Regulated\|website = [[The Atlantic]]\|date = 17 December 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://bigthink.com/risk-reason-and-reality/the-supreme-court-ruling-on-the-2nd-amendment-did-not-grant-an-unlimited-right-to-own-guns\|title = The Supreme Court Ruling on the 2nd Amendment Did NOT Grant an Unlimited Right to Own Guns}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/jurisprudence/2016/06/how_the_nra_perverted_the_meaning_of_the_2nd_amendment.html\|title = How the NRA and Conservatives Perverted the Meaning of the Right to Bear Arms\|date = 13 June 2016}}</ref>		There is tremendous variability in the adoption of [[gun control]] with respect to individual civilian ownership, and international [[arms control]], in different regions across the globe. The right to bear arms is a right guaranteed under the Constitution of the United States and gun ownership for purposes other than hunting is prevalent and socially acceptable. [[Non-governmental organisations]] such as [[IANSA (NGO)\|IANSA]] argue that the prevalence of small arms contributes to the cycle of violence between governments and individuals. The [[U.S. Supreme Court]] has ruled (most notably in [[Antonin Scalia]]'s majority opinion in ''[[District of Columbia v. Heller]]''<ref>{{Cite web \| url=http://europe.newsweek.com/antonin-scalia-ronald-reagan-supreme-court-orlando-shooting-newtown-sandy-hook-472460?rm=eu \| title=How Antonin Scalia helped shape today's gun control reform debate\| date=20 June 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web \| url=https://www.thetrace.org/2016/02/antonin-scalia-legacy-gun-rights/ \|title = Scalia's Second Amendment Legacy Will Likely Stand. Gun Reformers Should be OK with That\|date = 15 February 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.law.cornell.edu/supct/html/07-290.ZO.html\|title=Scalia in Heller\|accessdate=March 25, 2013}}</ref>) that due to the [[Second Amendment to the United States Constitution]], the legislative and executive branches of both the federal and state governments are limited in their abilities to regulate gun ownership.<ref>{{Cite web \| url=https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2015/12/guns-have-always-been-regulated/420531/ \|title = Guns Have Always Been Regulated\|website = [[The Atlantic]]\|date = 17 December 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://bigthink.com/risk-reason-and-reality/the-supreme-court-ruling-on-the-2nd-amendment-did-not-grant-an-unlimited-right-to-own-guns\|title = The Supreme Court Ruling on the 2nd Amendment Did NOT Grant an Unlimited Right to Own Guns}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web\|url=http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/jurisprudence/2016/06/how_the_nra_perverted_the_meaning_of_the_2nd_amendment.html\|title = How the NRA and Conservatives Perverted the Meaning of the Right to Bear Arms\|date = 13 June 2016}}</ref>

	U.S. [[Gun politics in the United States\|gun rights]] [[lobbyist\|lobby groups]], most notably the [[National Rifle Association of America]] and [[Jews for the Preservation of Firearms Ownership]], assert that access to gun ownership is often necessary for [[self-defence]], including defence against government intrusion into private citizen's lives. The [[Jews for the Preservation of Firearms Ownership\|JPFO]] asserts that confiscation of private firearms is a necessary but not sufficient condition for tyranny, and draws parallels between contemporary efforts to register and confiscate guns and the actions of the National Socialist German Workers Party during the lead up to the Second World War (see: [[Nazi gun control argument]]).<ref>{{cite web \|title="Gun ~~Control’s~~" Nazi Connection \|url=https://jpfo.org/filegen-a-m/GCA_68.htm \|website=Jews for the Preservation of Firearms Ownership \|access-date=27 September 2022 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080603001238/https://jpfo.org/filegen-a-m/GCA_68.htm \|archive-date=3 June 2008 \|date=May 1993 \|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web \|author1=Ellis Washington \|title=The Nazi roots of U.S. gun-control laws \|url=https://jpfo.org/articles-assd03/nazi-roots-of-usgc.htm \|website=Jews for the Preservation of Firearms Ownership \|access-date=27 September 2022 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130107035317/https://jpfo.org/articles-assd03/nazi-roots-of-usgc.htm \|archive-date=7 January 2013 \|language=English \|date=29 December 2012 \|url-status=live}}</ref> Similarly, gun ownership is widely held by many in Pakistan to be a necessary protection against crime<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB123120431026355961\|title=For Middle-Class Pakistanis, a Gun Is a Must-Have Accessory\|author=Peter Wonacott\|date=6 January 2009\|work=WSJ}}</ref> as well as a way through which citizens can participate in law enforcement.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://dawn.com/2012/04/30/trading-bullets-in-a-gun-friendly-nation/\|title=Trading bullets in a gun-friendly nation\|author=Hammad Ahmad Abbasi}}</ref>		U.S. [[Gun politics in the United States\|gun rights]] [[lobbyist\|lobby groups]], most notably the [[National Rifle Association of America]] and [[Jews for the Preservation of Firearms Ownership]], assert that access to gun ownership is often necessary for [[self-defence]], including defence against government intrusion into private citizen's lives. The [[Jews for the Preservation of Firearms Ownership\|JPFO]] asserts that confiscation of private firearms is a necessary but not sufficient condition for tyranny, and draws parallels between contemporary efforts to register and confiscate guns and the actions of the National Socialist German Workers Party during the lead up to the Second World War (see: [[Nazi gun control argument]]).<ref>{{cite web \|title="Gun Control's" Nazi Connection \|url=https://jpfo.org/filegen-a-m/GCA_68.htm \|website=Jews for the Preservation of Firearms Ownership \|access-date=27 September 2022 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080603001238/https://jpfo.org/filegen-a-m/GCA_68.htm \|archive-date=3 June 2008 \|date=May 1993 \|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web \|author1=Ellis Washington \|title=The Nazi roots of U.S. gun-control laws \|url=https://jpfo.org/articles-assd03/nazi-roots-of-usgc.htm \|website=Jews for the Preservation of Firearms Ownership \|access-date=27 September 2022 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130107035317/https://jpfo.org/articles-assd03/nazi-roots-of-usgc.htm \|archive-date=7 January 2013 \|language=English \|date=29 December 2012 \|url-status=live}}</ref> Similarly, gun ownership is widely held by many in Pakistan to be a necessary protection against crime<ref>{{cite web\|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB123120431026355961\|title=For Middle-Class Pakistanis, a Gun Is a Must-Have Accessory\|author=Peter Wonacott\|date=6 January 2009\|work=WSJ}}</ref> as well as a way through which citizens can participate in law enforcement.<ref>{{cite web\|url=http://dawn.com/2012/04/30/trading-bullets-in-a-gun-friendly-nation/\|title=Trading bullets in a gun-friendly nation\|author=Hammad Ahmad Abbasi}}</ref>

	[[Stephen Halbrook]], a Senior Fellow at the [[Independent Institute]] and an author and lawyer known for his litigation on behalf of the National Rifle Association,<ref>John Gibeaut, [http://www.abajournal.com/magazine/article/bringing_lawyers_guns_and_money Bringing Lawyers, Guns and Money], ABA Journal</ref><ref>Marjolijn Bijlefeld, ''People for and against gun control: a biographical reference'', Greenwood Press, 1999, [https://archive.org/details/peopleforagainst00bijl <!-- quote=Stephen Halbrook. --> pp. 105-108], {{ISBN\|0313306907}}, 9780313306907</ref> proposed that disarming citizens leaves them defenseless against totalitarian governments (such as Jews in Nazi Germany).<ref name=HalbrookNaziLaw>{{cite web \|url=http://www.stephenhalbrook.com/article-nazilaw.pdf \|title=Nazi Firearms Law and the Disarming of the German Jews \|last=Halbrook \|first=Stephen P. \|year=2000 \|website=stephenhalbrook.com \|publisher=Stephen Halbrook }}</ref>		[[Stephen Halbrook]], a Senior Fellow at the [[Independent Institute]] and an author and lawyer known for his litigation on behalf of the National Rifle Association,<ref>John Gibeaut, [http://www.abajournal.com/magazine/article/bringing_lawyers_guns_and_money Bringing Lawyers, Guns and Money], ABA Journal</ref><ref>Marjolijn Bijlefeld, ''People for and against gun control: a biographical reference'', Greenwood Press, 1999, [https://archive.org/details/peopleforagainst00bijl <!-- quote=Stephen Halbrook. --> pp. 105-108], {{ISBN\|0313306907}}, 9780313306907</ref> proposed that disarming citizens leaves them defenseless against totalitarian governments (such as Jews in Nazi Germany).<ref name=HalbrookNaziLaw>{{cite web \|url=http://www.stephenhalbrook.com/article-nazilaw.pdf \|title=Nazi Firearms Law and the Disarming of the German Jews \|last=Halbrook \|first=Stephen P. \|year=2000 \|website=stephenhalbrook.com \|publisher=Stephen Halbrook }}</ref>