Su Wu - Revision history

Marcocapelle: /* External links */removed parent category of Category:Han dynasty diplomats

2023-06-30T08:34:31Z

External links: removed parent category of Category:Han dynasty diplomats

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	[[Category:Han dynasty diplomats]]		[[Category:Han dynasty diplomats]]
	[[Category:Han dynasty government officials]]
	[[Category:Politicians from Xi'an]]		[[Category:Politicians from Xi'an]]
	[[Category:Legendary Chinese people]]		[[Category:Legendary Chinese people]]

JJMC89 bot III: Merging :Category:Han dynasty politicians from Shaanxi to :Category:Han dynasty government officials per Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Log/2023 June 10#Han dynasty government officials by modern province

2023-06-26T21:55:40Z

Merging Category:Han dynasty politicians from Shaanxi to Category:Han dynasty government officials per Wikipedia:Categories for discussion/Log/2023 June 10#Han dynasty government officials by modern province

← Previous revision		Revision as of 21:55, 26 June 2023
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	[[Category:Han dynasty diplomats]]		[[Category:Han dynasty diplomats]]
	[[Category:Han dynasty ~~politicians~~ ~~from Shaanxi~~]]		[[Category:Han dynasty government officials]]
	[[Category:Politicians from Xi'an]]		[[Category:Politicians from Xi'an]]
	[[Category:Legendary Chinese people]]		[[Category:Legendary Chinese people]]

Damien Linnane: /* Life in exile */ ce

2023-06-04T07:27:37Z

Life in exile: ce

← Previous revision		Revision as of 07:27, 4 June 2023
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	==Life in exile==		==Life in exile==
	[[File:Portrait of Su Wu by Watanabe Kazan (1793-1841), Edo period, dated 1839 (Tenpo 10), light color on silk - Tokyo National Museum - DSC06123.JPG\|thumb\|Portrait of Su Wu by [[Watanabe Kazan]] (1793-1841), Edo period, dated 1839 (Tenpo 10), light colour on silk - Tokyo National Museum - DSC06123]]		[[File:Portrait of Su Wu by Watanabe Kazan (1793-1841), Edo period, dated 1839 (Tenpo 10), light color on silk - Tokyo National Museum - DSC06123.JPG\|thumb\|Portrait of Su Wu by [[Watanabe Kazan]] (1793-1841), Edo period, dated 1839 (Tenpo 10), light colour on silk - Tokyo National Museum - DSC06123]]
	Unable to force Su to surrender, Chanyu Qiedihou decided to try to torture him by starvation, and so put him in a cellar without food and drink. However, for several days, Su survived by consuming wool from his coat and the snow that fell into the cellar. The chanyu was further surprised and thought that the gods were protecting him. The chanyu then exiled him to [[Lake Baikal]] and ordered him to tend a flock of male [[sheep]], telling him that he would be allowed to go home when the sheep produced young. (It is conjectured, with some evidence based on correspondence later between Su and [[Li Ling]] that the chanyu gave Su a Xiongnu wife, and ~~she~~ ~~bore him~~ children.)<ref>{{cite book \|last1=Hong \|first1=Yuan \|title=The Sinitic Civilization Book II: A Factual History Through the Lens of Archaeology, Bronzeware, Astronomy, Divination, Calendar and the Annals \|date=2018 \|publisher=iUniversе \|isbn=978-1532058301 \|page=419 \|edition=abridged \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Nay8DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA419}}</ref>		Unable to force Su to surrender, Chanyu Qiedihou decided to try to torture him by starvation, and so put him in a cellar without food and drink. However, for several days, Su survived by consuming wool from his coat and the snow that fell into the cellar. The chanyu was further surprised and thought that the gods were protecting him. The chanyu then exiled him to [[Lake Baikal]] and ordered him to tend a flock of male [[sheep]], telling him that he would be allowed to go home when the sheep produced young. It is conjectured, with some evidence based on correspondence later between Su and [[Li Ling]] that the chanyu gave Su a Xiongnu wife, and they had children.<ref>{{cite book \|last1=Hong \|first1=Yuan \|title=The Sinitic Civilization Book II: A Factual History Through the Lens of Archaeology, Bronzeware, Astronomy, Divination, Calendar and the Annals \|date=2018 \|publisher=iUniversе \|isbn=978-1532058301 \|page=419 \|edition=abridged \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Nay8DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA419}}</ref>

	During exile, Su often lacked food, as the food supplies coming from the Xiongnu headquarters were not arriving steadily. He often had to resort to eating grass roots and wild rodents. Regardless of the difficulties, however, Su always held onto the imperial staff ({{lang\|zh\|節}}) given to all imperial messengers, and he used it as the shepherd's rod so much that the decorative hairs on the staff eventually all fell off.		During exile, Su often lacked food, as the food supplies coming from the Xiongnu headquarters were not arriving steadily. He often had to resort to eating grass roots and wild rodents. Regardless of the difficulties, however, Su always held onto the imperial staff ({{lang\|zh\|節}}) given to all imperial messengers, and he used it as the shepherd's rod so much that the decorative hairs on the staff eventually all fell off.

Yezhanquan at 12:40, 11 March 2023

2023-03-11T12:40:13Z

← Previous revision		Revision as of 12:40, 11 March 2023
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	\| image = Su Wu.jpg\|\|		\| image = Su Wu.jpg\|\|
	\| caption =		\| caption =
	\| birth_date = ~~140~~ BC		\| birth_date = 140s BC
	\| birth_place = [[Xi'an]], Shaanxi		\| birth_place = [[Xi'an]], Shaanxi
	\| death_date = 60 BC (aged 80)		\| death_date = 60 BC (aged 80s)
	\| death_place =		\| death_place =
	\| other_names =		\| other_names =
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	}}		}}

	'''Su Wu''' ({{zh\|t=蘇武\|s=苏武\|p=Sū Wǔ\|w=Su Wu}}; ~~140~~ BC - 60 BC ~~{{Citation~~ ~~needed\|date=February~~ ~~2007}}~~) was a Chinese [[diplomat]] and [[politician]] of the [[Han dynasty#Western Han\|Western Han dynasty]]. He is known in Chinese history for making the best of his mission into foreign territory. During his mission he was captured and then detained for nineteen years, enduring major hardship at least in the early years of his captivity. Nevertheless, he endured this treatment while remaining faithful to his mission and his homeland.		'''Su Wu''' ({{zh\|t=蘇武\|s=苏武\|p=Sū Wǔ\|w=Su Wu}}; 140s BC - 60 BC<ref>Su Wu's biography in vol.54 of ''Book of Han'' indicated that he was in his 80s when he died in the 2nd year of the ''Shenjue'' era of Emperor Xuan's reign.</ref>) was a Chinese [[diplomat]] and [[politician]] of the [[Han dynasty#Western Han\|Western Han dynasty]]. He is known in Chinese history for making the best of his mission into foreign territory. During his mission he was captured and then detained for nineteen years, enduring major hardship at least in the early years of his captivity. Nevertheless, he endured this treatment while remaining faithful to his mission and his homeland.

	According to Chinese tradition, in the early stages of his captivity, Su Wu was so deprived of food that he only survived in the cold north lands by eating his coverings, then enduring long years of servitude herding sheep, before managing to return home. He was able to return home after deceiving his captors with a story about his having sent a message back to the Western Han dynasty by means of tying a letter on the leg of a wild goose.		According to Chinese tradition, in the early stages of his captivity, Su Wu was so deprived of food that he only survived in the cold north lands by eating his coverings, then enduring long years of servitude herding sheep, before managing to return home. He was able to return home after deceiving his captors with a story about his having sent a message back to the Western Han dynasty by means of tying a letter on the leg of a wild goose.

Morrisonjohn022: /* Mission to Xiongnu */Terminology

2022-10-15T11:43:49Z

Mission to Xiongnu: Terminology

← Previous revision		Revision as of 11:43, 15 October 2022
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	==Mission to Xiongnu==		==Mission to Xiongnu==
	Little is known about Su's life or career other than his mission beyond the borders of ~~China~~ involving the [[Xiongnu]], a mission which turned out to be drastically more trying and lengthy than expected.		Little is known about Su's life or career other than his mission beyond the borders of the Western Han involving the [[Xiongnu]], a mission which turned out to be drastically more trying and lengthy than expected.

	In 100 BC, there was a short-lived [[détente]] between long-term adversaries the Han and the Xiongnu. One year earlier, in 101 BC, a new [[chanyu]] had come to power in Xiongnu, Chanyu [[Chedihou Chanyu\|Qiedihou]] ({{lang\|zh\|且鞮侯}}), who had expressed an interest in peace with the Han and who, as a goodwill gesture, had allowed some Han diplomats who had been detained by the Xiongnu to return to Han, along with gifts from the chanyu.		In 100 BC, there was a short-lived [[détente]] between long-term adversaries the Western Han and the Xiongnu. One year earlier, in 101 BC, a new [[chanyu]] had come to power in Xiongnu, Chanyu [[Chedihou Chanyu\|Qiedihou]] ({{lang\|zh\|且鞮侯}}), who had expressed an interest in peace with the Han and who, as a goodwill gesture, had allowed some Han diplomats who had been detained by the Xiongnu to return to the Western Han, along with gifts from the chanyu.

	In response, in 100 BC, [[Emperor Wu of Han]] commissioned Su, then the deputy commander of the imperial guards, to serve as an ambassador to Xiongnu. His deputy was fellow deputy commander, Zhang Sheng ({{lang\|zh-Hant\|張勝}}), and the third in command was Chang Hui ({{lang\|zh\|常惠}}). However, once they arrived at the Xiongnu chanyu's headquarters, Chanyu Qiedihou was far more arrogant than expected, which angered Zhang. In response, Zhang plotted with two Xiongnu officials, the Prince of Gou ({{lang\|zh\|緱王}}) and Yu Chang ({{lang\|zh\|虞常}}), to assassinate Chanyu Qiedihou's half-~~Chinese~~ advisor Wei Lü ({{lang\|zh\|衛律}}) and kidnap the chanyu's mother.		In response, in 100 BC, [[Emperor Wu of Han]] commissioned Su, then the deputy commander of the imperial guards, to serve as an ambassador to Xiongnu. His deputy was fellow deputy commander, Zhang Sheng ({{lang\|zh-Hant\|張勝}}), and the third in command was Chang Hui ({{lang\|zh\|常惠}}). However, once they arrived at the Xiongnu chanyu's headquarters, Chanyu Qiedihou was far more arrogant than expected, which angered Zhang. In response, Zhang plotted with two Xiongnu officials, the Prince of Gou ({{lang\|zh\|緱王}}) and Yu Chang ({{lang\|zh\|虞常}}), to assassinate Chanyu Qiedihou's half-Han advisor Wei Lü ({{lang\|zh\|衛律}}) and kidnap the chanyu's mother.

	The Prince of Gou and Yu Chang carried out their plot while the chanyu was away on a hunt, but someone alerted the chanyu, who quickly returned and killed the Prince of Gou in battle and captured Yu. Yu admitted to plotting with Zhang. Zhang, alarmed, informed Su, who had been unaware of Zhang's plot. Aware that the chanyu was planning on forcing him to surrender to Xiongnu, Su tried to preserve his dignity by committing suicide with his sword. Wei, who had wanted Su to surrender and become an advisor to the chanyu as well, quickly summoned doctors and was able to just save Su's life. Chanyu [[Chedihou Chanyu\|Qiedihou]], impressed with Su's heroism, also sent messengers to care for Su's recovery, while putting Zhang and Chang under arrest.		The Prince of Gou and Yu Chang carried out their plot while the chanyu was away on a hunt, but someone alerted the chanyu, who quickly returned and killed the Prince of Gou in battle and captured Yu. Yu admitted to plotting with Zhang. Zhang, alarmed, informed Su, who had been unaware of Zhang's plot. Aware that the chanyu was planning on forcing him to surrender to Xiongnu, Su tried to preserve his dignity by committing suicide with his sword. Wei, who had wanted Su to surrender and become an advisor to the chanyu as well, quickly summoned doctors and was able to just save Su's life. Chanyu [[Chedihou Chanyu\|Qiedihou]], impressed with Su's heroism, also sent messengers to care for Su's recovery, while putting Zhang and Chang under arrest.

	After Su recovered, Chanyu Qiedihou decided to publicly execute Yu as an example and to force the entire Han mission to surrender. Zhang became apprehensive and surrendered. Su, however, was not shaken even when Wei put his sword onto Su's neck while Zhang tried to explain that he would be greatly honoured to be the chanyu's advisor. Su rebuked him for his faithlessness to Han and refused to surrender.		After Su recovered, Chanyu Qiedihou decided to publicly execute Yu as an example and to force the entire Han mission to surrender. Zhang became apprehensive and surrendered. Su, however, was not shaken even when Wei put his sword onto Su's neck while Zhang tried to explain that he would be greatly honoured to be the chanyu's advisor. Su rebuked him for his faithlessness to the Western Han and refused to surrender.

	==Life in exile==		==Life in exile==

Morrisonjohn022: Phrasing

2022-10-15T11:42:52Z

Phrasing

← Previous revision		Revision as of 11:42, 15 October 2022
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	According to Chinese tradition, in the early stages of his captivity, Su Wu was so deprived of food that he only survived in the cold north lands by eating his coverings, then enduring long years of servitude herding sheep, before managing to return home. He was able to return home after deceiving his captors with a story about his having sent a message back to the Western Han dynasty by means of tying a letter on the leg of a wild goose.		According to Chinese tradition, in the early stages of his captivity, Su Wu was so deprived of food that he only survived in the cold north lands by eating his coverings, then enduring long years of servitude herding sheep, before managing to return home. He was able to return home after deceiving his captors with a story about his having sent a message back to the Western Han dynasty by means of tying a letter on the leg of a wild goose.

	Su's loyalty to the ~~Han~~ ~~Dynasty~~ is emphasised by the story that during his detainment he married a wife, that he had children by her, but that he chose to return to his homeland, even though it meant abandoning his wife and children. Su Wu is depicted in the [[Wu Shuang Pu]] (無雙譜, Table of Peerless Heroes) by Jin Guliang.		Su's loyalty to the Western Han is emphasised by the story that during his detainment he married a wife, that he had children by her, but that he chose to return to his homeland, even though it meant abandoning his wife and children. Su Wu is depicted in the [[Wu Shuang Pu]] (無雙譜, Table of Peerless Heroes) by Jin Guliang.

	==Mission to Xiongnu==		==Mission to Xiongnu==

Morrisonjohn022: Fixes

2022-10-15T11:42:29Z

Fixes

← Previous revision		Revision as of 11:42, 15 October 2022
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	}}		}}

	'''Su Wu''' ({{zh\|t=蘇武\|s=苏武\|p=Sū Wǔ\|w=Su Wu}}; 140 BC - 60 BC {{Citation needed\|date=February 2007}}) was a Chinese [[diplomat]] and [[politician]] of the [[Western Han ~~Dynasty~~]]. He is known in Chinese history for making the best of his mission into foreign territory. During his mission he was captured and then detained for nineteen years, enduring major hardship at least in the early years of his captivity. Nevertheless, he endured this treatment while remaining faithful to his mission and his homeland.		'''Su Wu''' ({{zh\|t=蘇武\|s=苏武\|p=Sū Wǔ\|w=Su Wu}}; 140 BC - 60 BC {{Citation needed\|date=February 2007}}) was a Chinese [[diplomat]] and [[politician]] of the [[Han dynasty#Western Han\|Western Han dynasty]]. He is known in Chinese history for making the best of his mission into foreign territory. During his mission he was captured and then detained for nineteen years, enduring major hardship at least in the early years of his captivity. Nevertheless, he endured this treatment while remaining faithful to his mission and his homeland.

	According to Chinese tradition, in the early stages of his captivity, Su Wu was so deprived of food that he only survived in the cold north lands by eating his coverings, then enduring long years of servitude herding sheep, before managing to return home. He was able to return home after deceiving his captors with a story about his having sent a message back to ~~China~~ by means of tying a letter on the leg of a wild goose.		According to Chinese tradition, in the early stages of his captivity, Su Wu was so deprived of food that he only survived in the cold north lands by eating his coverings, then enduring long years of servitude herding sheep, before managing to return home. He was able to return home after deceiving his captors with a story about his having sent a message back to the Western Han dynasty by means of tying a letter on the leg of a wild goose.

	Su's loyalty to the Han Dynasty is emphasised by the story that during his detainment he married a wife, that he had children by her, but that he chose to return to his homeland, even though it meant abandoning his wife and children. Su Wu is depicted in the [[Wu Shuang Pu]] (無雙譜, Table of Peerless Heroes) by Jin Guliang.		Su's loyalty to the Han Dynasty is emphasised by the story that during his detainment he married a wife, that he had children by her, but that he chose to return to his homeland, even though it meant abandoning his wife and children. Su Wu is depicted in the [[Wu Shuang Pu]] (無雙譜, Table of Peerless Heroes) by Jin Guliang.

Yinweiaiqing: Removing from Category:Wu Shuang Pu using Cat-a-lot

2022-03-15T14:58:46Z

Removing from Category:Wu Shuang Pu using Cat-a-lot

← Previous revision		Revision as of 14:58, 15 March 2022
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	[[Category:Politicians from Xi'an]]		[[Category:Politicians from Xi'an]]
	[[Category:Legendary Chinese people]]		[[Category:Legendary Chinese people]]
	[[Category:Wu Shuang Pu]]

Ieorgexc: /* Life in exile */

2022-02-07T00:38:39Z

Life in exile

← Previous revision		Revision as of 00:38, 7 February 2022
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	==Life in exile==		==Life in exile==
	[[File:Portrait of Su Wu by Watanabe Kazan (1793-1841), Edo period, dated 1839 (Tenpo 10), light color on silk - Tokyo National Museum - DSC06123.JPG\|thumb\|Portrait of Su Wu by [[Watanabe Kazan]] (1793-1841), Edo period, dated 1839 (Tenpo 10), light colour on silk - Tokyo National Museum - DSC06123]]		[[File:Portrait of Su Wu by Watanabe Kazan (1793-1841), Edo period, dated 1839 (Tenpo 10), light color on silk - Tokyo National Museum - DSC06123.JPG\|thumb\|Portrait of Su Wu by [[Watanabe Kazan]] (1793-1841), Edo period, dated 1839 (Tenpo 10), light colour on silk - Tokyo National Museum - DSC06123]]
	Unable to force Su to surrender, Chanyu Qiedihou decided to try to torture him by starvation, and so put him in a cellar without food and drink. However, for several days, Su survived by consuming wool from his coat and the snow that fell into the cellar. The chanyu was further surprised and thought that the gods were protecting him. The chanyu then exiled him to [[Lake Baikal]] and ordered him to tend a flock of male sheep, telling him that he would be allowed to go home when the sheep produced young. (It is conjectured, with some evidence based on correspondence later between Su and [[Li Ling]] that the chanyu gave Su a Xiongnu wife, and she bore him children.)<ref>{{cite book \|last1=Hong \|first1=Yuan \|title=The Sinitic Civilization Book II: A Factual History Through the Lens of Archaeology, Bronzeware, Astronomy, Divination, Calendar and the Annals \|date=2018 \|publisher=iUniversе \|isbn=978-1532058301 \|page=419 \|edition=abridged \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Nay8DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA419}}</ref>		Unable to force Su to surrender, Chanyu Qiedihou decided to try to torture him by starvation, and so put him in a cellar without food and drink. However, for several days, Su survived by consuming wool from his coat and the snow that fell into the cellar. The chanyu was further surprised and thought that the gods were protecting him. The chanyu then exiled him to [[Lake Baikal]] and ordered him to tend a flock of male [[sheep]], telling him that he would be allowed to go home when the sheep produced young. (It is conjectured, with some evidence based on correspondence later between Su and [[Li Ling]] that the chanyu gave Su a Xiongnu wife, and she bore him children.)<ref>{{cite book \|last1=Hong \|first1=Yuan \|title=The Sinitic Civilization Book II: A Factual History Through the Lens of Archaeology, Bronzeware, Astronomy, Divination, Calendar and the Annals \|date=2018 \|publisher=iUniversе \|isbn=978-1532058301 \|page=419 \|edition=abridged \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Nay8DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA419}}</ref>

	During exile, Su often lacked food, as the food supplies coming from the Xiongnu headquarters were not arriving steadily. He often had to resort to eating grass roots and wild rodents. Regardless of the difficulties, however, Su always held onto the imperial staff ({{lang\|zh\|節}}) given to all imperial messengers, and he used it as the shepherd's rod so much that the decorative hairs on the staff eventually all fell off.		During exile, Su often lacked food, as the food supplies coming from the Xiongnu headquarters were not arriving steadily. He often had to resort to eating grass roots and wild rodents. Regardless of the difficulties, however, Su always held onto the imperial staff ({{lang\|zh\|節}}) given to all imperial messengers, and he used it as the shepherd's rod so much that the decorative hairs on the staff eventually all fell off.

Citation bot: Alter: isbn, url. URLs might have been anonymized. Upgrade ISBN10 to ISBN13. | Use this bot. Report bugs. | Suggested by AManWithNoPlan | #UCB_webform 1628/1880

2021-12-27T00:59:05Z

Alter: isbn, url. URLs might have been anonymized. Upgrade ISBN10 to ISBN13. | Use this bot. Report bugs. | Suggested by AManWithNoPlan | #UCB_webform 1628/1880

← Previous revision		Revision as of 00:59, 27 December 2021
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	==Life in exile==		==Life in exile==
	[[File:Portrait of Su Wu by Watanabe Kazan (1793-1841), Edo period, dated 1839 (Tenpo 10), light color on silk - Tokyo National Museum - DSC06123.JPG\|thumb\|Portrait of Su Wu by [[Watanabe Kazan]] (1793-1841), Edo period, dated 1839 (Tenpo 10), light colour on silk - Tokyo National Museum - DSC06123]]		[[File:Portrait of Su Wu by Watanabe Kazan (1793-1841), Edo period, dated 1839 (Tenpo 10), light color on silk - Tokyo National Museum - DSC06123.JPG\|thumb\|Portrait of Su Wu by [[Watanabe Kazan]] (1793-1841), Edo period, dated 1839 (Tenpo 10), light colour on silk - Tokyo National Museum - DSC06123]]
	Unable to force Su to surrender, Chanyu Qiedihou decided to try to torture him by starvation, and so put him in a cellar without food and drink. However, for several days, Su survived by consuming wool from his coat and the snow that fell into the cellar. The chanyu was further surprised and thought that the gods were protecting him. The chanyu then exiled him to [[Lake Baikal]] and ordered him to tend a flock of male sheep, telling him that he would be allowed to go home when the sheep produced young. (It is conjectured, with some evidence based on correspondence later between Su and [[Li Ling]] that the chanyu gave Su a Xiongnu wife, and she bore him children.)<ref>{{cite book \|last1=Hong \|first1=Yuan \|title=The Sinitic Civilization Book II: A Factual History Through the Lens of Archaeology, Bronzeware, Astronomy, Divination, Calendar and the Annals \|date=2018 \|publisher=iUniversе \|isbn=~~1532058306~~ \|page=419 \|edition=abridged \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Nay8DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA419~~#v=onepage&q&f=false~~}}</ref>		Unable to force Su to surrender, Chanyu Qiedihou decided to try to torture him by starvation, and so put him in a cellar without food and drink. However, for several days, Su survived by consuming wool from his coat and the snow that fell into the cellar. The chanyu was further surprised and thought that the gods were protecting him. The chanyu then exiled him to [[Lake Baikal]] and ordered him to tend a flock of male sheep, telling him that he would be allowed to go home when the sheep produced young. (It is conjectured, with some evidence based on correspondence later between Su and [[Li Ling]] that the chanyu gave Su a Xiongnu wife, and she bore him children.)<ref>{{cite book \|last1=Hong \|first1=Yuan \|title=The Sinitic Civilization Book II: A Factual History Through the Lens of Archaeology, Bronzeware, Astronomy, Divination, Calendar and the Annals \|date=2018 \|publisher=iUniversе \|isbn=978-1532058301 \|page=419 \|edition=abridged \|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Nay8DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA419}}</ref>

	During exile, Su often lacked food, as the food supplies coming from the Xiongnu headquarters were not arriving steadily. He often had to resort to eating grass roots and wild rodents. Regardless of the difficulties, however, Su always held onto the imperial staff ({{lang\|zh\|節}}) given to all imperial messengers, and he used it as the shepherd's rod so much that the decorative hairs on the staff eventually all fell off.		During exile, Su often lacked food, as the food supplies coming from the Xiongnu headquarters were not arriving steadily. He often had to resort to eating grass roots and wild rodents. Regardless of the difficulties, however, Su always held onto the imperial staff ({{lang\|zh\|節}}) given to all imperial messengers, and he used it as the shepherd's rod so much that the decorative hairs on the staff eventually all fell off.